Modular IOL design

Abstract

A modular intraocular lens (IOL) with a ring configured to prevent glare artifacts. The ring includes a flange at a posterior edge, the anterior surface of the flange having a first contour, and the posterior surface of the flange having a second contour that is non-parallel to the first contour. The non-parallel surface of the flange can be configured to defocus light transmitted through the optic and the flange at an off-axis angle.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Priority claims This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 000,553, entitled "MODULAR IOL DESIGN," filed March 27, 2020, inventors of which are Stephen John Collins, Philip Matthew McCulloch, and Rudolph F. Zacher, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully and completely set forth herein.

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of modular intraocular lenses (IOLs), and more particularly to IOLs that include an optic supported by a ring with features that reduce or even prevent glare artifacts. [Background technology]

[0003] The eye has been described as a light-responsive organ for several purposes. As a conscious sensory organ, the eye enables vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina enable conscious light perception and vision, including color discrimination and depth perception. In addition, non-image-forming photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina of the human eye receive light signals that affect pupil size regulation, modulation and suppression of the hormone melatonin, and entrainment of the body's internal clock.

[0004] The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, together with the cornea, helps refract light so that it is focused on the retina. By changing its shape, the crystalline lens functions to change the focal length of the eye so that it can focus on objects at different distances, thus allowing a sharp, real image of the object to be formed on the retina. This adjustment of the crystalline lens is known as accommodation and is similar to the adjustment of focus by the movement of the lens in a photographic camera.

[0005] When the lens becomes less transparent (e.g., opacified) due to age or disease, vision is impaired because less light can be transmitted to the retina. This type of damage to the eye's lens is medically known as a cataract. The accepted treatment for this condition is surgical removal of the lens from the lens capsule and placement of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) within the capsule. In the United States, the majority of cataractous lenses are removed through a surgical technique called phacoemulsification. In this procedure, an opening (capsulorhexis) is made in the anterior aspect of the lens capsule, and a thin phacoemulsification cutting tip is inserted into the diseased lens and vibrated with ultrasound. The vibrating cutting tip liquefies or emulsifies the lens, allowing it to be sucked out of the capsule. Once removed, the diseased lens is replaced with an IOL.

[0006] Some conventional IOLs are single focal length IOLs. A single focal length IOL has a single focal length or a single refractive power. Objects at a focal distance from the eye / IOL are in focus, while closer or more distant objects may be out of focus. Objects are only in perfect focus at the focal distance, but objects within the depth of field (within a certain distance focal length) are still in focus to an acceptable degree for the patient to consider the objects in focus. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The modular intraocular lens (IOL) embodiments disclosed herein are unique in that the ring that supports the optic has a flange to defocus light that might otherwise cause glare.

[0008] The modular IOL includes an optic and a base for supporting the optic. The optic has an anterior surface, a posterior surface, and a thickness configured to focus light to a focal distance. The base includes a ring formed with a leading edge sized to have an inner diameter that allows a surgeon to insert the optic, a recess for seating the optic within the base, and a posterior edge with a flange defining an inner diameter suitable for preventing the optic from passing through the ring. The flange has a unique geometry for defocusing light that enters the IOL off-axis and is transmitted through the optic and flange.

[0009] The embodiments overcome the challenges of creating a modular optical unit that can be assembled and disassembled by a surgeon within the capsular bag and that also minimizes the potential for glare caused by off-axis light passing through the optic and the posterior edge of the ring.

[0010] Modular IOLs, including an optic and a base, minimize cross-sectional area to allow for smaller incisions than those required for a full IOL. A base formed with a ring including leading and trailing edges and an inwardly facing recess allows the surgeon to seat the optic within the base. A ring having a flange with an anterior surface having a first contour and a posterior surface having a second contour that is not parallel to the first contour can avoid or mitigate the plate effect that can cause glare.

[0011] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like features and in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a modular IOL. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 shows a partial enlarged side view of the modular IOL with the optic seated in the ring, and further shows the flanges with parallel anterior and posterior flange surfaces. [Figure 3]FIG. 3 shows a partial enlarged side view of the modular IOL with the optic seated in the ring, further illustrating the flange where the anterior and posterior flange surfaces are not parallel. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A shows a simplified diagram of light passing through the optic and lamina to a focal point (FL1), illustrating how light is expected to pass through an IOL in the eye. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B shows a simplified diagram of light transmitted through the optic and a slab that focuses light to a second focal point (FL2) far away from the optic, illustrating how mechanical features in the IOL can create a slab effect where off-axis light can result in the perception of glare. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A shows a simulated irradiance image illustrating the light distribution and glare artifacts caused by off-axis light transmitted through the optics and flange described in FIG. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B shows a simulated irradiance image illustrating the light distribution, including off-axis light, transmitted through the optics and flange described in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Reference will now be made in detail to examples of the present disclosure, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. In the following discussion, relative terms such as "about," "substantially," "approximately," and the like are used to indicate a possible ±10% variation in stated values, numerical values, or the like, unless another variation is indicated.

[0014] The exemplary embodiments relate to ophthalmic devices, such as IOLs and contact lenses. The following description is presented to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the exemplary embodiments and general principles and features described herein will be readily apparent. The exemplary embodiments are described primarily with reference to particular methods and systems provided in particular implementations. However, the methods and systems also work effectively with other implementations. Phrases such as "exemplary embodiment," "one embodiment," and "another embodiment" may refer to the same or different embodiments and to multiple embodiments. The embodiments are described with reference to systems and / or devices having certain components. However, the systems and / or devices may include more or fewer components than shown, and variations in the arrangement and type of components may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Also, the exemplary embodiments are described in the context of a particular method having certain steps. However, the methods and systems also work effectively with other methods having different and / or additional steps and steps in a different order that are consistent with the exemplary embodiments. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein.

[0015] Modular IOLs - Overview 1 shows a perspective view of a modular intraocular lens (IOL) 10 in which embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented. The IOL 10 generally includes a base 12 and an optic 14. The base 12 is formed with an annular ring 16 and haptics 18. The optic 14 is seated within the ring 16. The haptics 18 may position and retain the ring 16 within the capsular bag so that the optical axis (OA) of the optic 14 is properly aligned with the patient.

[0016] 2 and 3 show enlarged, partial cross-sectional views of modular IOL 10 with optic 14 seated within ring 16. FIG.

[0017] Optic zone 14 includes an anterior surface 14a and a posterior surface 14b separated by an optic zone thickness 14c. The radii of curvature of anterior surface 14a, posterior surface 14b, and optic zone thickness 14c are selected to focus light passing through IOL 10 at a focal length, which will be described in more detail below.

[0018] 2 and 3, the ring 16 includes a leading edge 20 and a trailing edge 22, which form an inwardly facing recess 24 for seating the optic 14. The leading edge 20 is formed with a leading edge opening 26 sized to allow a surgeon to insert the optic 14 into the ring 16. The diameter of the leading edge opening 26 may be smaller than the diameter of the optic 14 to prevent the optic 14 from passing out of the ring 16 through the leading edge opening 26 after implantation.

[0019] The inward recess 24 may be defined by a leading inner surface 28, a trailing anterior surface 30, and an outer surface 32. When the optic 14 is fully seated within the recess 24, the leading inner surface 28, the trailing anterior surface 30, and the outer surface 32 form a geometry that may limit anterior, posterior, and radial movement of the optic 14 relative to the ring 16.

[0020] The trailing edge 22 includes a trailing edge anterior surface 30 and further includes a flange 34, the inner diameter of which defines a trailing edge opening 36. The flange 34 is formed such that the diameter of the trailing edge opening 36 is smaller than the diameter of the optic 14 to prevent the optic 14 from passing through the ring 16 during implantation and to prevent the optic 14 from moving out of the ring 16 after implantation.

[0021] 2 and 3 further illustrate variations of the ring 16, with FIG. 3 illustrating the ring 16 with one embodiment of the flange 34 configured to reduce or possibly prevent glare, as compared to the flange 34 of the ring 16 of FIG. 2. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the flange 34 includes an anterior flange surface 38 and a posterior flange surface 40 defined between an inner diameter of the flange 34 (generally referring to the diameter where the anterior flange surface 38 transitions into the trailing anterior surface 30) and an outer diameter of the flange 34. In both FIGS. 2 and 3, the anterior flange surface 38 and the posterior flange surfaces 40a and 40b are formed with at least a portion having a curved profile, with the anterior flange surface 38 formed as a concave surface and the posterior flange surfaces 40a and 40b formed as at least partially convex surfaces. However, FIG. 2 illustrates the IOL 10 with the posterior flange surface 40a having a profile that is parallel to the anterior flange surface 38, while FIG. 3 illustrates the IOL 10 with the posterior flange surface 40b having a profile that is not parallel to the anterior flange surface 38. The contours of the front flange surface 38 and the rear flange surface 40b may be shaped to reduce or possibly prevent glare, as described below.

[0022] Glare caused by off-axis light transmitted through the optics and flange As described above, the optic 14 is formed with an anterior optic surface 14a and a posterior optic surface 14b and has an optical axis (OA). Light 42 that enters the IOL 10 through the anterior aperture 26, aligned with the optical axis or at an angle less than a threshold angle of incidence (Φ) relative to the optical axis, is transmitted through the optic 14 and exits the IOL 10 through the posterior aperture 36, where it is focused to the desired focal length. Ideally, in an eye with the IOL 10, both light 42 aligned with the optical axis and off-axis light 44 are focused to the desired focal length. However, off-axis light 44 that enters the IOL 10 at an angle greater than or equal to the threshold angle of incidence (Φ) relative to the optical axis is transmitted through the optic 14 and also through the flange 34 or other mechanical features. Transmission of off-axis light 44 through the flange 34 can shift the focusing of the off-axis light 44 on the retina, which can be perceived as glare. The threshold angle of incidence (Φ) at which off-axis light 44 is transmitted through the optic 14 and flange 34 may depend on one or more of the materials or dimensions of the optic 14 and flange 34. For example, in some modular IOLs 10, the threshold angle of incidence (Φ) may be greater than 25 degrees, and in other modular IOLs 10, the threshold angle of incidence (Φ) may be greater than 30 degrees.

[0023] Front and rear flange contours shaped to reduce or even prevent glare To reduce or even prevent glare or other undesirable effects of off-axis light 44 passing through the optic 14 and flange 34, the flange 34 shown in Figure 3 includes a front flange surface 38 having a first contour and a rear flange surface 40b having a second contour that is non-parallel to the first contour. For example, the rear flange surface 40b may have a contour or shape that includes a protruding or extending convex curvature.

[0024] To help understand the benefits of an IOL 10 formed with a flange 34 having a contour of the posterior flange surface 40b that is not parallel to the contour of the anterior flange surface 38, a discussion of the plate effect will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIG. 4A shows a first simplified diagram of light 42 passing through the optic 14 and thin plates (i.e., having a thickness of approximately zero) illustrating how light 42 is expected to pass through an IOL in the eye. As shown in FIG. 4A, collimated light emerges from a light source and passes through the optic 14. The optic 14 focuses the light with a first focusing ratio toward a point at a first focal length (FL1) until the light strikes the plate P1. If the thickness of the plate P1 is substantially zero, the light continues to travel with substantially the first focusing ratio until it reaches a point at the first focal length (FL1). In the human eye, the first focal length coincides with the retina.

[0025] FIG. 4B shows a simplified diagram of light passing through the optic 14 and a thick plate that focuses the light to a second focal point (FL2) far away from the optic 14, illustrating how mechanical features in an IOL can create a plate effect in which off-axis light can be perceived as glare. In FIG. 4B, parallel light emerges from a light source and passes through the optic 14. The optic 14 focuses the light with a first focusing ratio toward a point at a first focal length (FL1). However, FIG. 4B shows plate P2 having a greater thickness than plate P1 shown in FIG. 4A. Thus, rather than focusing the light to the first focal length (FL1), plate P2 focuses the light with a second focusing ratio until the light reaches a point at a second focal length (FL2). In the human eye, if the point at FL1 coincides with the retina, but the light is focused to a point at FL2, the image will not be displayed properly.

[0026] 2 and 3, light 42 transmitted parallel to the optical axis (such as the optical axis (OA) shown in FIG. 1) or at any angle to the optical axis less than a threshold angle of incidence (Φ) can be expected to pass only through the optical portion 14. Light 42 can behave similarly to light passing through the optical portion 14 and plate P1 in the diagram shown in FIG.

[0027] However, off-axis light 44 transmitted off-axis (i.e., at an angle equal to or greater than a threshold angle of incidence (Φ)) may pass through the optic 14 and also through the flange 34, such that the off-axis light 44 may behave similarly to light passing through the optic 14 and plate P2 in the diagram shown in FIG. 4B. For example, if this off-axis light 44 passes through the optic 14 and a flange 34 having a posterior flange surface 40 a that is parallel to the anterior flange surface 38 (as shown in FIG. 2), a plate effect may occur, resulting in visible glare artifacts or other undesirable effects. To reduce the potential for glare, double image dysphotopsia, and other undesirable effects, embodiments of the IOL 10 include a flange 34 that is contoured with a posterior flange surface 40 b that is not parallel to the anterior flange surface 38 (as shown in FIG. 3) to defocus the off-axis light 44 passing through the optic 14 and flange 34. Defocusing the light may include redispersing the off-axis light 44 so that for light that enters the IOL 10 at an angle of incidence greater than a threshold angle and is transmitted through both the optic 14 and the flange 34, there is no focal distance.

[0028] Plate effect based flange design To illustrate the effect of flange design on off-axis light distribution, Figures 5A and 5B show simulated light distributions for an IOL 10 formed with the anterior flange surface 38 and the posterior flange surface 40 formed parallel and non-parallel to one another, respectively. Figure 5A shows a simulated light distribution associated with a flange 34 (as shown in Figure 2) formed with the posterior flange surface 40a parallel to the anterior flange surface 38, exhibiting a glare artifact. In Figure 5A, a first portion 54 of the light distribution is associated with light 42 passing through the optic 14 at angles less than a threshold angle of incidence (Φ), and a second portion 56 of the light distribution is associated with off-axis light 44 passing through the optic 14 and flange 34. The second portion 56 can result in glare artifacts visible to the patient and is generally undesirable.

[0029] Figure 5B shows a simulated light distribution associated with a flange 34 (as shown in Figure 3) formed with a posterior flange surface 40b that is not parallel to the anterior flange surface 38, illustrating how a flange 34 formed with a posterior flange surface 40b that is not parallel to the anterior flange surface 38 can reduce or even mitigate the plate effect in the IOL 10. In Figure 5B, a first portion 54 of the light distribution is associated with light 42 passing through the optic 14 at angles less than the threshold angle of incidence (Φ), and a second portion 58 of the light distribution is associated with off-axis light 44 passing through the optic 14 and flange 34. The defocusing effect of second portion 58 of light 44 to overlap first portion 54 can reduce glare caused by the plate effect of the flange 34 or prevent glare artifacts from being visible to the patient.

[0030] A method for manufacturing an IOL 10 may include selecting an optic 14 for implantation into a patient, which includes specifying the radii of curvature of the anterior optic surface 14a, the posterior optic surface 14b, and the optic thickness 14c. Once the optic 14 is selected, the ring 16 may be selected or shaped to ensure that off-axis light transmitted through the optic 14 and flange 34 does not cause a glare effect. In some embodiments, the ring 16 shown in FIG. 2 may be selected as an initial design, and a ray tracing program or other computer simulation may facilitate determining the likelihood that the ring 16 will cause a glare effect. If a glare effect is possible, the IOL 10 may be modified to ensure that the posterior flange surface 40b is not parallel to the anterior flange surface 38, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0031] The anterior flange surface 38 and the posterior flange surface 40b can each be straight or curved, concave or convex, and have other contours, so long as the contour of the posterior flange surface 40b is not parallel to the contour of the anterior flange surface 38. For example, both the anterior flange surface 38 and the posterior flange surface 40b can be concave, so long as the posterior flange surface 40b is not parallel to the anterior flange surface 38. Furthermore, the outer diameter of the flange 34 (i.e., where the anterior flange surface 38 transitions into the posterior anterior surface 30) can be determined by one or more elements or features of the IOL 10. For example, the outer diameter of the flange 34 can be determined by the optic 14, the threshold angle of incidence (Φ) at which off-axis light is likely to cause glare, and the contour of the posterior flange surface 40b or the anterior flange surface 38. The contour of the posterior flange surface 40b can be modified to focus light at a focal length anterior or posterior to the focal length associated with the optic 14, or can defocus light entirely.

[0032] Once the optic 14 and ring 16 with the flange 34 having a posterior flange surface 40 b that is not parallel to the anterior flange surface 38 have been selected, the optic 14 and ring 16 can be assembled to form the IOL 10.

[0033] Modular IOL 10, including base 12 and optic 14, can be implanted using a variety of surgical techniques. Modular IOL 10 can be implanted by first delivering base 12 in a rolled configuration into the lens capsule using an injector (also known as an inserter or delivery tube) that is inserted through a corneal incision, through a capsulotomy, and into the lens capsule.

[0034] The base 12 can be ejected from the injector and allowed to deploy. With gentle manipulation, the haptics 18 of the base 12 engage the inner equator of the lens capsule, centering the ring 16 relative to the capsulotomy. The haptics 18 can facilitate handling of the base 12 and indicate its orientation.

[0035] The optic 14 may also be delivered in a rolled configuration using an injector that positions its distal tip adjacent to the base 12. The optic 14 may be ejected from the injector and allowed to unfold. With gentle manipulation, the optic 14 is centered relative to the capsular incision. The optic 14 may have features (not shown) to facilitate insertion into the capsular bag, to remove the optic 14 from the capsular bag, and to aid in aligning the optic 14 relative to the base 12.

[0036] Once the optic 14 is delivered and deployed within the capsular bag, the optic 14 can be positioned within the ring 16 in the base 12 .

[0037] If necessary, the IOL 10, including the optic 14 and base 12, can be removed by generally reversing the steps described above.

[0038] A probe or similar device can enter the capsular bag containing the modular IOL 10. The probe or similar device can engage the optic 14. With gentle manipulation, the optic 14 can be lifted so that the optic 14 and the base 12 are separated. The probe can remove one or more of the optic 14 and the base 12.

[0039] A modular intraocular lens (IOL) is described that includes a flange for defocusing light associated with off-axis light transmitted through the optic and flange. While the system has been described according to the exemplary embodiment shown, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations to the embodiment may exist and that any variations are within the spirit and scope of the method and system. Accordingly, many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure also includes the following aspects. [Aspect 1] 1. A modular intraocular lens (IOL), comprising: an optic portion including an anterior surface and a posterior surface; An annular ring, a leading edge with a forward opening; a trailing edge with a flange; Including, the leading edge and the trailing edge form an inwardly facing recess; The flange front surface defines a first contour; the flange rear surface defines a second contour; The second contour is not parallel to the first contour. Annular ring and Modular intraocular lenses (IOLs), including: [Aspect 2] 2. The modular IOL of embodiment 1, wherein the first contour is associated with a first radius of curvature and the second contour is associated with a second radius of curvature. Aspect 3 2. The modular IOL of embodiment 1, wherein the flange defines a posterior edge opening having an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the anterior edge opening. Aspect 4 the optical unit is shaped to focus light transmitted parallel to the optical axis at a first focal length; A modular IOL as described in aspect 3, wherein the flange is configured to defocus light transmitted through the optical portion at an angle of incidence off the optical axis. Aspect 5 5. The modular IOL of embodiment 4, wherein the entrance angle is greater than 25 degrees off-axis. Aspect 6 2. The modular IOL of claim 1, wherein the anterior flange surface is shaped to support the optical portion. Aspect 7 1. An intraocular lens assembly comprising: an optic defined by an anterior optic surface having a first curvature and a posterior optic surface having a second curvature; A ring for positioning the optical portion within the lens capsule, a leading edge defining a leading edge opening having an inner diameter sized to permit insertion of the optic into the ring; an inwardly facing recess for retaining the optic within the ring; a trailing edge defining a trailing edge opening; a flange formed on the trailing edge, the flange having an inner flange diameter smaller than a diameter of the optic; The flange front surface defines a first contour; the flange rear surface defines a second contour, the second contour being non-parallel to the first contour; a ring including An intraocular lens assembly comprising: Aspect 8 8. The IOL assembly of claim 7, wherein one or both of the anterior flange surface and the posterior flange surface include a curvature. Aspect 9 9. The IOL assembly of embodiment 8, wherein the first contour is associated with a first radius of curvature and the second contour is associated with a second radius of curvature. Aspect 10 10. The IOL assembly of embodiment 9, wherein the posterior flange surface comprises a convex curvature. Aspect 11 8. The IOL assembly of claim 7, wherein the outer diameter of the flange is greater than the inner diameter of the leading edge and less than the diameter of the inwardly facing recess. Aspect 12 1. A method of manufacturing a ring for an intraocular lens (IOL), comprising: forming a leading edge with a leading edge opening, the leading edge opening having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the optic; forming a trailing edge defining a trailing edge opening; forming a flange on the trailing edge, forming a flange front surface with a first contour; forming a flange rear surface with a second contour non-parallel to the first contour; forming, A method comprising: Aspect 13 13. The method of claim 12, wherein forming the flange includes forming one or more of the front flange surface and the rear flange surface with a curvature. Aspect 14 14. The method of embodiment 13, wherein forming the flange rear surface includes forming a convex curvature. Aspect 15 13. The method of claim 12, wherein one or more of the cross-sectional profile of the front flange surface, the cross-sectional profile of the rear flange surface, and the axial distance between the front flange surface and the rear flange surface are configured to defocus off-axis energy passing through the ring. Aspect 16 13. The method of embodiment 12, further comprising forming an inwardly facing recess on an inner surface of the ring for retaining an optical portion within the ring.

Claims

1. 1. A modular intraocular lens (IOL), comprising: an optic portion including an anterior surface and a posterior surface; An annular ring, a leading edge with a leading edge opening; a trailing edge with a flange; Including, the leading edge and the trailing edge form an inwardly facing recess; the flange front surface defines a first contour; the flange rear surface defines a second contour; The second contour is not parallel to the first contour. Annular ring and Including, the flange rear surface includes a convex curvature having a rearwardly extending protrusion; The flange defines a posterior aperture having an inner diameter smaller than a diameter of the anterior aperture.

2. The modular IOL of claim 1 , wherein the first contour is associated with a first radius of curvature and the second contour is associated with a second radius of curvature.

3. the optical unit is shaped to focus light transmitted parallel to an optical axis at a first focal length; The modular IOL of claim 1 , wherein the flange is configured to defocus light transmitted through the optic at angles of incidence off the optical axis.

4. The modular IOL of claim 3 , wherein the entrance angle is greater than 25 degrees off-axis.

5. The modular IOL of claim 1 , wherein the anterior flange surface is shaped to support the optic.

6. 1. An intraocular lens assembly comprising: an optic defined by an anterior optic surface having a first curvature and a posterior optic surface having a second curvature; A ring for positioning the optical portion within the lens capsule, a leading edge defining a leading edge opening having an inner diameter sized to permit insertion of the optic into the ring; an inwardly facing recess for retaining the optic within the ring; a trailing edge defining a trailing edge opening; a flange formed on the trailing edge, the flange having an inner flange diameter smaller than a diameter of the optic; the flange front surface defines a first contour; the flange rear surface defines a second contour, the second contour being non-parallel to the first contour; a ring including Including, An intraocular lens (IOL) assembly, wherein the flange posterior surface includes a convex curvature having a protrusion extending posteriorly.

7. The IOL assembly of claim 6 , wherein the first contour is associated with a first radius of curvature and the second contour is associated with a second radius of curvature.

8. The IOL assembly of claim 6 , wherein the outer diameter of the flange is greater than the inner diameter of the leading edge and less than the diameter of the inwardly facing recess.

9. 1. A method for manufacturing a ring for an intraocular lens (IOL) for positioning an optic within a capsular bag, comprising: forming a leading edge with a leading edge opening, the leading edge opening having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the optic; forming a trailing edge defining a trailing edge opening; forming a flange on the trailing edge, forming a flange front surface with a first contour; forming a flange rear surface with a second contour non-parallel to the first contour; forming, Including, The flange rear surface includes a convex curvature having a rearwardly extending protrusion.

10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein one or more of the cross-sectional profile of the front flange surface, the cross-sectional profile of the rear flange surface, and the axial distance between the front flange surface and the rear flange surface are configured to defocus off-axis energy passing through the ring.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising forming an inwardly facing recess on the inner surface of the ring for retaining an optic within the ring.

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