toner

Abstract

To provide a toner that maintains a finely dispersed state of a coloring agent and achieves high developability even when a high-gloss print material is output.SOLUTION: A toner has a toner particle containing a coloring agent, a binder resin, and calcium carbonate particles. A content of the coloring agent in the toner particle is 1.0 mass% or more and 10.0 mass% or less. The binder resin contains polyester resin. Aromatic ring concentration in the polyester resin is 50 mol% to 70 mol%. A surface of the calcium carbonate particle is covered with a fatty acid. A content of the calcium carbonate particles in the toner particle is 1.0 mass% or more and 15.0 mass% or less. A number average particle diameter of the calcium carbonate particles is 150 nm or more and 800 nm or less in the toner.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to toners used in electrophotographic image forming methods. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, electrophotographic full-color copiers have become widespread, and there is a demand for high speed, high image quality, and high productivity, as well as low cost. To achieve such high image quality, it is known that finely dispersing pigments in toner increases the image density of printed matter (Patent Document 1). Another known technology for achieving low cost is to use inexpensive fillers to reduce the amount of toner raw materials used (Patent Documents 2 and 3). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-099422 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-114828 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 08-339095 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, it has been found that the toner described in the above document has room for improvement in the color development of images after fixing, particularly when attempting to output high-gloss printed matter. The present disclosure provides a toner that maintains a finely dispersed state of the colorant and achieves high color development even when outputting high-gloss printed matter. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The present disclosure provides a toner having toner particles containing a colorant, a binder resin, and calcium carbonate particles, The content of the colorant in the toner particles is 1.0% by mass or more. 2 0.0% by mass or less, The binder resin contains a polyester resin, The aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin is 50 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less, The surfaces of the calcium carbonate particles are coated with a fatty acid, the content of the calcium carbonate particles in the toner particles is 1.0% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less, The toner has calcium carbonate particles having a number average particle size of 150 nm or more and 800 nm or less. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] The present disclosure makes it possible to provide a toner that maintains a finely dispersed state of a colorant and achieves high color development even when outputting high-gloss printed matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the expressions "XX or more and YY or less" or "XX to YY" representing a numerical range mean a numerical range including the lower and upper limits, which are the endpoints. When a numerical range is described in stages, the upper and lower limits of each numerical range can be combined in any way.

[0008] The present disclosure provides a toner having toner particles containing a colorant, a binder resin, and calcium carbonate particles, The content of the colorant in the toner particles is 1.0% by mass or more. 2 0.0% by mass or less, The binder resin contains a polyester resin, The aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin is 50 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less, The surfaces of the calcium carbonate particles are coated with a fatty acid, the content of the calcium carbonate particles in the toner particles is 1.0% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less, The toner has calcium carbonate particles having a number average particle size of 150 nm or more and 800 nm or less.

[0009] The following is thought to be the reason why the above toner enhances the color development of images. It is known that if the colorant is finely dispersed within the image film after toner fixation, an image with high saturation can be obtained. On the other hand, when attempting to obtain a high-gloss print, the toner needs to be fixed at a high temperature, which reduces the viscosity of the toner particles during the fixing process. As a result, the colorant within the toner particles aggregates, and the colorant remains aggregated in the image, resulting in reduced color development.

[0010] However, we found that the above-mentioned toner can prevent aggregation of the colorant even after fusing and fixing at high temperatures, resulting in images with high saturation. The reason for this is believed to be that calcium carbonate particles surface-treated with fatty acids in the toner particles flow within the toner during the toner fixing process, preventing aggregation of the colorant. In particular, when a polyester resin with an aromatic ring concentration of 50 mol% to 70 mol% is used as the binder resin, this effect is believed to be specifically manifested in the resin with a bulky structure, resulting in the above-mentioned effect.

[0011] Each of the components of the toner will be described below. <Calcium carbonate particles> The toner particles contain calcium carbonate particles in an amount of 1.0% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less. If the content is less than 1.0% by mass, there are not enough calcium carbonate particles to contribute to suppressing aggregation of the colorant (preferably a pigment) during the fixing process, and color development is not improved. If the content is more than 15.0% by mass, there are too many calcium carbonate particles, and light is scattered by the calcium carbonate particles, and color development is not improved. The content of calcium carbonate particles in the toner particles is preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 12.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 2.0% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less.

[0012] The calcium carbonate particles contained in the toner particles are coated with a fatty acid. Known fatty acids can be used, but preferred are straight-chain saturated fatty acids having 8 to 28 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 22 carbon atoms), such as nonanoic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, and cerotic acid. From the viewpoint of facilitating the flow of calcium carbonate particles during the fixing process, stearic acid is particularly preferred. When the fatty acid has 8 or more carbon atoms or does not contain other polar functional groups, the calcium carbonate particles flow more satisfactorily during the fixing process due to interaction with the binder resin, thereby further improving the effect of suppressing aggregation of the colorant.

[0013] Furthermore, the amount of fatty acid coating on the calcium carbonate particles is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 4.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less. By adjusting the amount within this range, the fluidity of calcium carbonate is effectively promoted during the fixing process, improving color development. There are no particular restrictions on the means for coating the calcium carbonate particles with fatty acid. For example, a method may be used in which fatty acid and calcium carbonate particles are mixed using a known mixer such as a Henschel mixer, followed by heating.

[0014] The number-average particle diameter of the calcium carbonate particles is 150 nm or more and 800 nm or less. If the particle diameter is smaller than 150 nm, the particle diameter of the calcium carbonate that contributes to inhibiting the aggregation of the colorant is small, and the effect of inhibiting the aggregation of the colorant is not exhibited. If the particle diameter is larger than 800 nm, the number of calcium carbonate particles that contribute to inhibiting the aggregation of the colorant is reduced, and the color development is not improved. The number-average particle diameter is preferably 200 nm or more and 700 nm or less, and more preferably 300 nm or more and 600 nm or less.

[0015] The content of the colorant in the toner particles is 1.0% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. Within this range, the pigment is dispersed with appropriate dispersibility, resulting in good color development. The content of the colorant in the toner particles is preferably 1.0% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less, more preferably 2.0% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3.0% by mass or more and 7.0% by mass or less.

[0016] Furthermore, when the content of the colorant in the toner particles is A% by mass and the content of the calcium carbonate particles in the toner particles is B% by mass, the ratio A / B is preferably 0.5 to 3.0, and more preferably 0.8 to 2.5. By setting the ratio within this range, calcium carbonate further suppresses aggregation of the colorant during the fixing process, and the color development of the image is further improved.

[0017] <Binder resin> The binder resin includes a polyester resin. The aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin is 50 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less. Here, the aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin refers to the molar concentration of carbon atoms constituting the aromatic rings relative to the total carbon atoms contained in the polyester resin. A concentration of aromatic rings of 50 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less facilitates the flow of calcium carbonate particles coated with fatty acids during the fixing process, preventing aggregation of the colorant. This is believed to be due to the moderate bulkiness of the binder resin, which is due to the high aromatic ring concentration, suppressing entanglement of the fatty acids on the calcium carbonate particle surface with the resin. Two or more such polyester resins may be used in combination, and in such cases, the aromatic ring concentration is the average value based on the mass fraction of the two or more polyester resins.

[0018] The polyester resin is a condensation product of a polyhydric alcohol compound and a polycarboxylic acid compound. The aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin can be adjusted to 50 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less by appropriately selecting the compounds shown below. The aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin is preferably 55 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less. By adjusting the aromatic ring concentration within this range, the fluidity of calcium carbonate can be further ensured during the fixing process, further improving the color development of the image.

[0019] Examples of polyhydric alcohol compounds include alkylenes of bisphenol A such as polyoxypropylene(2.2)-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, polyoxypropylene(3.3)-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, polyoxyethylene(2.0)-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, polyoxypropylene(2.0)-polyoxyethylene(2.0)-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, and polyoxypropylene(6)-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane. Examples of the resin include oxide adducts, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, and derivatives thereof. The derivatives are not particularly limited as long as they can be obtained by condensation polymerization with a similar resin structure. For example, derivatives obtained by esterifying an alcohol component are included.

[0020] In terms of fixability, it is preferable to use as the polyhydric alcohol compound at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A. The proportion of the alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A in the polyhydric alcohol compound is preferably 50 to 100 mol %, more preferably 70 to 100 mol %.

[0021] Polycarboxylic acid compounds include aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid; alkyl dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid; and alkyl groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. or alkenyl-substituted succinic acid or its anhydride; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, maleic acid, and citraconic acid or their anhydrides; and derivatives thereof. The derivatives are not particularly limited as long as they can be used to obtain a similar resin structure by condensation polymerization. For example, derivatives in which the carboxylic acid component is methyl esterified, ethyl esterified, or acid chlorided can be used.

[0022] The proportion of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides in the polycarboxylic acid compound is preferably 50 mol % to 100 mol %, more preferably 70 mol % to 100 mol %. The content of polyester resin in the toner particles is preferably 45 mol % to 80 mol %, more preferably 50.0 mol % to 75 mol %, and even more preferably 55 mol % to 70 mol %.

[0023] Furthermore, the binder resin preferably contains a resin having a polystyrene skeleton, which further ensures the fluidity of calcium carbonate in the fixing process and further improves the color development of the image.

[0024] From the viewpoint of suppressing aggregation of the colorant, the content of the resin having a polystyrene skeleton in the toner particles is preferably 0.3% by mass to 25% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass. Furthermore, the content of the monomer unit in which styrene is polymerized in the resin having a polystyrene skeleton is preferably 30% by mass to 80% by mass, more preferably 35% by mass to 50% by mass. The monomer unit refers to the form in which the monomer substance in the polymer is reacted.

[0025] Examples of resins having a polystyrene skeleton include homopolymers of styrene and its substituted derivatives, such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, and polyvinyltoluene; and polystyrene and its copolymers, such as styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, and styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer. Among these, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymers are preferred, and styrene-n-butyl acrylate copolymers are more preferred from the viewpoint of fixability.

[0026] <Coloring agent> The toner particles contain a colorant. The colorant preferably contains a pigment. The colorant has an SP value of 8.0 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) More than 10.0(cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) It is preferable that the pigment contains the following pigments. The SP value is more preferably 8.5 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) More than 9.5(cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) The use of such pigments increases the affinity with calcium carbonate particles surface-treated with fatty acids, and aggregation of the pigments is easily suppressed. Such pigments may be used alone or, if necessary, in combination with a dye. The colorant preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a magenta pigment, a cyan pigment, and a yellow pigment. Specific examples of the colorant include the following:

[0027] Magenta pigments include the following: CI Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 48:2, 48:3, 48:4, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57:1, 58, 60, 63, 64, 68, 81:1, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 112, 114, 122, 123, 146, 147, 150, 163, 184, 202, 206, 207, 209, 238, 269, 282; CI Pigment Violet 19; CI Vat Red 1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 23, 29, 35. Among these, Pigment Red 122 (PR122) is preferred from the viewpoint of being able to further suppress pigment aggregation.

[0028] Magenta dyes include solvent dyes such as CI Solvent Red 1, 3, 8, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 49, 81, 82, 83, 84, 100, 109, and 121; CI Disperse Red 9; CI Solvent Violet 8, 13, 14, 21, and 27; and CI Disperse Violet 1; and basic dyes such as CI Basic Red 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 40; and CI Basic Violet 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, 21, 25, 26, 27, and 28.

[0029] Examples of cyan pigments include CI Pigment Blue 2, 3, 15:2, 15:3, 15:4, 16, and 17; CI Vat Blue 6; CI Acid Blue 45; and copper phthalocyanine pigments in which one to five phthalimidomethyl groups are substituted on the phthalocyanine skeleton. Among these, PB15:3 is preferred from the viewpoint of suppressing pigment aggregation. Examples of dyes for cyan toners include CI Solvent Blue 70.

[0030] Examples of yellow pigments include CI Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 62, 65, 73, 74, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 109, 110, 111, 120, 127, 128, 129, 147, 151, 154, 155, 168, 174, 175, 176, 180, 181, and 185; and CI Vat Yellow 1, 3, and 20. Among these, Pigment Yellow 74 (PY74) and Pigment Yellow 180 (PY180) are preferred because they can further suppress pigment aggregation. Examples of yellow dyes include CI Solvent Yellow 162. These colorants can be used alone or in combination, or even in the form of a solid solution.

[0031] <Release agent> If necessary, a release agent may be used to suppress the occurrence of hot offset during the heat fixing of the toner. Typical examples of the release agent include low-molecular-weight polyolefins, silicone wax, fatty acid amides, ester waxes, carnauba wax, and hydrocarbon waxes.

[0032] <External additives> An external additive may be added to the toner particles. The external additive is preferably an inorganic fine particle such as silica, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide. The inorganic fine particle is preferably hydrophobized with a hydrophobizing agent such as a silane compound, silicone oil, or a mixture thereof.

[0033] As an external additive to improve fluidity, 2 / g or more 400m 2 / g or less, and for stable durability, inorganic fine particles with a specific surface area of ​​10 m 2 / g or more 50m 2 In order to simultaneously improve the flowability and stabilize the durability, inorganic fine particles having a specific surface area within the above range may be used in combination.

[0034] The content of the external additive is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particles. The toner particles and the external additive can be mixed using a known mixer such as a Henschel mixer.

[0035] Next, a method for producing the toner will be described. <Toner manufacturing method> Examples of toner manufacturing methods include a kneading and pulverizing method, a dissolution and suspension method, a suspension polymerization method, and an emulsion aggregation method. The toner may be manufactured by any of these manufacturing methods alone or in combination. Specific examples of toner manufacturing methods using the kneading and pulverizing method are described below, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0036] <Kneading and grinding method> In the kneading and pulverization method, first, the constituent materials of the toner, namely, the binder resin, calcium carbonate particles, and colorant, as well as the release agent and other additives added as needed, are thoroughly mixed and melt-kneaded using a known thermal kneader such as a heated roll or kneader (kneading step). The mixture is then mechanically pulverized to the desired toner particle size (pulverization step), and classified to obtain the desired particle size distribution (classification step), thereby producing the toner. When mixing, a masterbatch in which a portion of the binder resin, calcium carbonate particles, and colorant are melt-kneaded in advance may be used.

[0037] (Kneading process) The melt-kneading of the toner constituent materials can be carried out using a known heat kneading machine such as a heating roll, a kneader, etc. In the kneading step, it is preferable that the toner constituent materials are sufficiently mixed in advance using a mixer.

[0038] Examples of mixers include Henschel mixers (manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.); Super mixers (manufactured by Kawata Corporation); Ribocones (manufactured by Okawara Manufacturing Co., Ltd.); Nauta mixers, Turbulizers, and Cyclomixes (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation); Spiral pin mixers (manufactured by Pacific Machinery Works Co., Ltd.); and Loedige mixers (manufactured by Matsubo Corporation).

[0039] Examples of thermal kneaders include a KRC kneader (manufactured by Kurimoto Iron Works); a Buss-Co kneader (manufactured by Buss); a TEM extruder (manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.); a TEX twin-screw kneader (manufactured by The Japan Steel Works); a PCM kneader (manufactured by Ikegai Iron Works); a three-roll mill, a mixing roll mill, a kneader (manufactured by Inoue Seisakusho); Kneadex (manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.); an MS-type pressure kneader, a Niderruder (manufactured by Moriyama Seisakusho); and a Banbury mixer (manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd.).

[0040] (Crushing process) The pulverization step is a step in which the kneaded product obtained in the kneading step is cooled to a pulverizable hardness, and then mechanically pulverized to a toner particle size using a known pulverizer such as an impact plate jet mill, a fluidized bed jet mill, or a rotary mechanical mill. From the viewpoint of pulverization efficiency, it is desirable to use a fluidized bed jet mill as the pulverizer.

[0041] The crushers used include counter jet mills, micron jet mills, and inomizers (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation); IDS-type mills and PJM jet crushers (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Mfg. Co., Ltd.); cross jet mills (manufactured by Kurimoto Iron Works Co., Ltd.); and Urmax (manufactured by Nisso Engineering Co., Ltd.). ;SK Jet-O-Mill (manufactured by Seishin Enterprises); Cryptron (manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries); Turbo Mill (manufactured by Turbo Kogyo); Super Rotor (manufactured by Nisshin Engineering), etc.

[0042] (Classification process) The classification step is a step of classifying the finely pulverized material obtained in the pulverization step to obtain a toner having a desired particle size distribution. Classifiers used for classification include known devices such as air classifiers, inertial classifiers, and sieve classifiers. Specific examples include Cruseal, Micron Classifier, and Spedic Classifier (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.); Turbo Classifier (manufactured by Nisshin Engineering Co., Ltd.); Micron Separator, Turboflex (ATP), and TSP Separator (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation); Elbow Jet (manufactured by Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd.), Dispersion Separator (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Mfg. Co., Ltd.); and YM Microcut (manufactured by Yaskawa Corporation).

[0043] The weight average particle size of the toner particles is preferably 4 to 12 μm, more preferably 5 to 8 μm. The toner particles produced through the above process may be used as a toner as is. If necessary, inorganic fine particles such as silica, alumina, titania, and calcium carbonate, or resin fine particles such as vinyl resin, polyester resin, and silicone resin may be added to the toner particles by applying shear force in a dry state. These inorganic fine particles and resin fine particles function as external additives such as flow aids and cleaning aids.

[0044] The toner can be used as a one-component developer, or may be mixed with a magnetic carrier to be used as a two-component developer. As the magnetic carrier, for example, generally known magnetic materials such as surface-oxidized iron powder, unoxidized iron powder, metal particles such as iron, lithium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, and rare earth elements, alloy particles thereof, oxide particles, and ferrite, and magnetic material-dispersed resin carriers (so-called resin carriers) containing a magnetic material and a binder resin that holds the magnetic material in a dispersed state can be used.

[0045] When the toner is mixed with a magnetic carrier to be used as a two-component developer, good results are usually obtained when the carrier mixing ratio is, in terms of toner concentration in the two-component developer, preferably 2% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, and more preferably 4% by mass or more and 13% by mass or less.

[0046] The methods for measuring each physical property are described below. <Method for separating toner particles from toner> If the toner contains external additives, the toner particles can be separated by removing the additives from the toner. First, 160 g of sucrose (Kishida Chemical) is added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water and dissolved in a hot water bath to prepare a sucrose concentrate. Next, 31 g of the prepared sucrose concentrate and 6 mL of Contaminon N (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are placed in a centrifuge tube to prepare a dispersion. Contaminon N is a 10% by weight aqueous solution of a pH 7 neutral detergent for cleaning precision measuring instruments, consisting of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and an organic builder.

[0047] 1.0 g of toner is added to this dispersion, and the toner clumps are broken up using a spatula or similar. Next, the centrifuge tube containing the dispersion with the added toner is shaken in a shaker. After shaking, the solution in the centrifuge tube is transferred to a glass tube (50 mL) for a swing rotor, and centrifuged in a centrifuge at 3500 rpm for 30 minutes. This operation separates the toner particles from the external additives. After visually confirming that the toner particles and the aqueous solution have been sufficiently separated, the toner particles are collected and filtered in a vacuum filter, and then dried in a dryer for 1 minute. The toner is dried for more than 1 hour, and the external additives are removed from the toner to obtain separated toner particles.

[0048] <Method for separating materials from toner particles> For the toner particles obtained by the above method, each material contained therein can be separated from the toner particles by utilizing the difference in solubility in a solvent or the difference in specific gravity of each material. Specifically, for example, the following method can be mentioned. First separation: Toner particles are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran at 23° C. and separated into a soluble component (binder resin) and an insoluble component (calcium carbonate particles, release agent, colorant). Second separation: The insoluble matter obtained in the first separation is dissolved in hexane at 50°C, and separated into a soluble matter (release agent) and an insoluble matter (calcium carbonate particles, colorant). Third separation: The insoluble matter obtained in the second separation is dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, and by changing the centrifugal force in the centrifugation method, the calcium carbonate particles and colorant are separated due to the difference in specific gravity.

[0049] Furthermore, by utilizing the difference in solubility in a solvent, the obtained binder resin can be separated into a polyester resin and a resin having a polystyrene skeleton, for example, by the following method. First, the binder resin obtained in the first separation described above is dissolved in acetone, and while stirring the solution, hexane is added dropwise in an amount three times the mass of the acetone to precipitate the insoluble matter. The precipitate is separated by filtration, and then the solvent is removed and the mixture is dried to obtain a polyester resin. Meanwhile, the filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure to separate the resin having a styrene skeleton.

[0050] <Colorant content, calcium carbonate particle content> The colorant content is calculated from the amount of colorant separated from the toner particles using the above method. The calcium carbonate particle content is calculated from the amount of calcium carbonate particles separated from the toner particles using the above method. Furthermore, the A / B value is calculated from the colorant and calcium carbonate particle contents.

[0051] <Amount of surface treatment material for calcium carbonate particles> The calcium carbonate particles separated from the toner particles by the above-mentioned method are measured using a thermogravimetric / differential thermal analyzer (Rigaku Corporation, differential thermal balance TG-DTA, ThermoPlusTG8120), and the temperature is raised from 25°C to 400°C at a rate of 10°C / min, and the coating amount of the surface treatment agent is measured from the change in weight.

[0052] <Structure of the surface treatment material for calcium carbonate particles> The structure is analyzed using a pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) as follows. 300 μg of calcium carbonate separated from the toner particles using the method described above is embedded in the Pyrofoil F590 described below and introduced into a pyrolysis furnace. It is heated at 590°C for 5 seconds in an inert (helium) atmosphere, and the generated decomposition gas is introduced into the gas chromatograph inlet, and the oven profile described below is applied. The column outlet is connected to the MS analyzer via a transfer line, and a total ion chromatogram (TIC) is obtained, plotting ion current on the vertical axis and retention time on the horizontal axis. Next, mass spectra are extracted for all detected peaks in the obtained chromatogram using the accompanying software, and the mass spectra are compared based on the NIST-2017 database. The compound is assigned to the compound.

[0053] The measurement device and measurement conditions are as follows. Pyrolysis furnace: Japan Analytical Industry JSP900 (manufactured by Japan Analytical Industry Co., Ltd.) Pyrofoil: F590 (Japan Analytical Industry Co., Ltd.) GC:Agilent Technologies 7890A GC MS: Agilent Technologies 5975C Column: HP-5ms 30 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, mobile phase thickness 0.25 μm (Agilent) Carrier gas: He (purity 99.9995% or higher) Oven profile: (1) Hold at 40°C for 3 minutes, (2) Heat to 320°C at 10°C / min, (3) Hold at 320°C for 20 minutes Inlet temperature: 280℃ Split ratio: 50:1 Column flow rate: 1 mL / min (quantitative) Transfer line temperature: 280℃ Observation MS range: 30-600 Da Ionization: EI 70eV Ion source temperature: 280℃ Quadrupole temperature: 150℃

[0054] <Aromatic ring concentration of polyester resin> The polyester resin separated by the above method is measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) in the same manner as the structural identification of the surface treatment material of the calcium carbonate particles described above, to identify the monomer structure contained in the polyester resin. Further, using ECA-400 (400 MHz) manufactured by JEOL Ltd., 1 using \(^1H-NMR\), the content (molar ratio) of each monomer is quantified from the assignment of the spectrum. From the information thus obtained, the aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin is calculated using the following formula. Aromatic ring concentration (mol%) = number of moles of carbon constituting the aromatic ring / total number of moles of carbon × 100 For example, based on this measurement, the aromatic ring concentration of polyester resin 1 described later is 58 mol%.

[0055] <Number average particle diameter of calcium carbonate particles> As described above, the calcium carbonate particles separated from the toner particles are observed with a scanning electron microscope (S-4800, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), the major axis of 100 particles is measured, and the number average particle diameter is calculated by obtaining the arithmetic mean value. In addition, if necessary, the identification of calcium carbonate particles is performed using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).

[0056] <Calculation of SP value> The SP value is an abbreviation for solubility parameter and is a value serving as an index of solubility. The SP value of a pigment is calculated as follows. In a 50 ml sample vial, 1 g of the pigment is dispersed in 10.00 g of accurately weighed chloroform. While stirring, 0.5 ml of methanol is dropped, and after standing for 1 minute, visually stir if the pigment has precipitated. If it has not precipitated, repeat the above procedure until the pigment precipitates. Similarly, changing methanol to heptane, perform the same procedure. From the respective weights of chloroform and methanol or heptane at the time of precipitation, the SP value of the pigment is calculated from the following formula. SP value of pigment = (SPα + SPβ) / 2 SPα = (Vm 1 / 2 ×SPm + Vc1 / 2 ×SPc) / (Vm 1 / 2 +Vc 1 / 2 ) SPβ=(Vc 1 / 2 ×SPc+Vh 1 / 2 ×SPh) / (Vc 1 / 2 +Vh 1 / 2 ) Vm(cm 3 ): The volume of methanol at the time when the pigment precipitated (specific gravity of methanol: 0.792) Vc(cm 3 ): The volume of chloroform at the time when the pigment precipitated (specific gravity of chloroform: 1.490) Vh(cm 3 : Volume of heptane at the time when the pigment precipitated (specific gravity of heptane: 0.684 SPm) : SP value of methanol (14.5 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) ) SPc: SP value of chloroform (9.3 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) ) SPh: SP value of heptane (7.4 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) ) SPm, SPc, and SPh are cited from the following literature. References: Solubility Parameters: ALLAN FMBARTON Chemistry Department, Victoria University of Wellington, private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand Received June 7,1974(Revised Manuscript Received October 29,1974)

[0057] <Measurement of weight average particle size (D4) of toner particles> The weight-average particle size (D4) of the toner particles is measured using a precision particle size distribution measuring device "Coulter Counter Multisizer 3" (registered trademark, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) equipped with a 100 μm aperture tube and employing the narrow-pore electrical resistance method, and the accompanying dedicated software "Beckman Coulter Multisizer 3 Version 3.51" (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) for setting measurement conditions and analyzing measurement data. [Example]

[0058] The present invention will be described in more detail below using examples and comparative examples, but these are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

[0059] (Resin manufacturing) (Production of polyester resin 1) Polycarboxylic acid component; Terephthalic acid 100 parts by mole Polyhydric alcohol component; Bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2 mole adduct 100 mole parts The above monomer components were placed in a thoroughly heated and dried two-neck flask, and 0.05 parts of tetraisopropyl orthotitanate was added to 100 parts of the mixture. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the vessel to maintain an inert atmosphere, and the temperature was raised. After heating, a condensation polymerization reaction was carried out at 230°C, and the pressure was reduced and the temperature was raised to 250°C to polymerize the resin. To crystallize the resulting resin, 40 parts of the resulting resin were added to a beaker containing 160 parts of toluene and heated to 90°C to dissolve the resin. The mixture was then slowly cooled to 25°C over 6 hours to precipitate the resin. The precipitated resin was filtered and dried to obtain Polyester Resin 1. The resulting properties are shown in Table 1.

[0060] (Production of Polyester Resins 2 to 5) Polyester resins 2 to 5 were obtained in the same manner as polyester resin 1, except that the materials were changed as shown in Table 1. [Table 1] The aromatic ring concentration is in mol %.

[0061] (Production of styrene acrylic resin 1) 850 parts of xylene was placed in a 2-liter four-necked glass flask equipped with a thermometer, a stainless steel stirring rod, a downflow condenser and a nitrogen inlet tube, and after replacing the atmosphere with nitrogen, the temperature was raised to 150°C. 800 parts styrene n-Butyl acrylate 1000 parts Monobutyl maleate 50 parts 80 parts dicumyl peroxide Thereafter, the mixture of the above materials was added dropwise from a dropping funnel over 4 hours, and the mixture was allowed to react for 4 hours at 150° C. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 200° C., and xylene was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a styrene acrylic resin 1.

[0062] (Production of calcium carbonate particles 1) Light calcium carbonate particles (number average particle diameter 400 nm) 100 parts 2 parts stearic acid The above materials were charged into a Henschel mixer and stirred at 2000 rpm for 2 minutes, and then stirred at 100 rpm for 10 minutes while heating to 120° C. to obtain calcium carbonate particles 1.

[0063] (Production of calcium carbonate particles 2 to 13) Calcium carbonate particles 2 to 13 were obtained in the same manner as in the production method for calcium carbonate particles 1, except that the material was changed to precipitated calcium carbonate particles having a number-average diameter shown in Table 2 and the surface treatment materials and amounts were changed. [Table 2]

[0064] <Production of cyan pigment masterbatch CM1> Cyan pigment (PB15:3, SP value: 8.8 ((cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) ) 20 copies Calcium carbonate particles 1 20 parts 160 parts polyester resin The above materials were mixed using a Henschel mixer (FM-75, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 20 s for a rotation time of 5 min, and then kneaded at 120°C using a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30, manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.). The resulting kneaded mixture was cooled and coarsely pulverized using a pin mill to a volume average particle size of 100 μm or less, yielding a coarsely pulverized product of cyan pigment masterbatch CM1.

[0065] <Production of cyan pigment master batches CM2 to CM25> Cyan pigment master batches CM2 to CM25 were obtained in the same manner as in cyan pigment master batch CM1, except that the materials were changed as shown in Table 3. [Table 3]

[0066] <Production of Cyan Toner 1> 165 parts polyester resin 1.5 parts styrene acrylic resin 25 parts of pigment masterbatch CM1 1 / 5 parts synthetic wax (Hydrocarbon wax, maximum endothermic peak temperature 90℃) The above materials were mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75 model, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 20 s. -1 After mixing for 5 minutes, the mixture was kneaded at 140°C in a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30, manufactured by Ikegai Corporation). The resulting kneaded mixture was cooled and coarsely pulverized in a pin mill to a volume average particle size of 100 μm or less to obtain a coarsely pulverized product. The coarsely pulverized product was then finely pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer (T-250, manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd.) by adjusting the rotation speed and number of passes to obtain the target particle size. Further, classification was performed using a rotary classifier (200TSP, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) to obtain toner particles. The rotation speed of the rotary classifier (200TSP, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) was adjusted to obtain the target particle size and particle size distribution. The weight average particle size (D4) was 6.5 μm. 100 parts of the resulting toner particles were mixed with a mixture of 100 parts of toner having a specific surface area of ​​200 m2 measured by the BET method. 21.8 parts of silica particles hydrophobized with silicone oil were added, and the mixture was mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 30 s -1 The mixture was mixed for 10 minutes at a rotation time to obtain toner CT1.

[0067] <Production example of cyan toner CT2 to CT31> Except for changing the materials shown in Table 4, the same production method as for cyan toner CT1 was used to obtain cyan toners CT2 to CT31. [Table 4] In the table, the calcium carbonate content is the content (mass %) of calcium carbonate particles in the toner particles. A / B is the value of A / B when the colorant content is A mass % and the calcium carbonate particle content is B mass %. The same applies to the following tables.

[0068] <Production of magenta pigment masterbatch MM1> Magenta pigment (PR122, SP value: 9.1 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) ) 20 copies Calcium carbonate particles 1 20 parts 160 parts polyester resin The above materials were mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75 model, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 20 s. -1 After mixing for a rotation time of 5 minutes, the mixture was kneaded at 120°C in a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30 model, manufactured by Ikegai Corporation). The resulting kneaded mixture was cooled and coarsely pulverized in a pin mill to a volume average particle size of 100 μm or less, to obtain a coarsely pulverized magenta pigment masterbatch MM1.

[0069] <Manufacturing of magenta pigment masterbatches MM2 to MM24> Except for changing the materials shown in Table 5, magenta pigment master batches MM2 to MM24 were produced in the same manner as the magenta pigment master batch MM1. [Table 5]

[0070] <Production of Magenta Toner MT1> 165 parts polyester resin 1.5 parts styrene acrylic resin Pigment Masterbatch MM1 25 parts 1 / 5 parts synthetic wax (Hydrocarbon wax, maximum endothermic peak temperature 90℃) The above materials were mixed using a Henschel mixer (FM-75, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 20 s for 5 min, and then kneaded at 140 °C using a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30, manufactured by Ikegai Corporation). The resulting kneaded mixture was cooled and coarsely pulverized using a pin mill to obtain a coarsely pulverized product with a volume average particle size of 100 μm or less. The coarsely pulverized product was then finely pulverized using a mechanical pulverizer (T-250, manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd.) by adjusting the rotation speed and number of passes to obtain the target particle size. Further classification was performed using a rotary classifier (200TSP, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) to obtain toner particles. The rotation speed of the rotary classifier (200TSP, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) was adjusted to obtain the target particle size and particle size distribution. The weight average particle size (D4) was 6.6 μm. 100 parts of the obtained toner particles were mixed with a toner having a specific surface area of ​​200 m2 measured by the BET method. 2 1.8 parts of silica particles hydrophobized with silicone oil were added, and the mixture was mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 30 s -1 The mixture was mixed for 10 minutes at a rotation time to obtain toner MT1.

[0071] <Production example of magenta toner MT2 to MT29> Except for changing the materials shown in Table 6, magenta toners MT2 to MT29 were produced in the same manner as magenta toner MT1. [Table 6]

[0072] <Production of yellow pigment masterbatch YM1> Yellow pigment (PY180, SP value: 9.3 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) ) 20 copies Calcium carbonate particles 1 20 parts 160 parts polyester resin The above materials were mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75 model, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 20 s. -1 After mixing for a rotation time of 5 minutes, the mixture was kneaded at 120° C. in a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30 model, manufactured by Ikegai Corporation). The resulting kneaded mixture was cooled and coarsely pulverized in a pin mill to a volume average particle size of 100 μm or less, to obtain a coarsely pulverized product of yellow pigment masterbatch YM1.

[0073] <Production of yellow pigment masterbatches YM2 to YM24> Except for changing the materials shown in Table 7, the same production method as for yellow pigment masterbatch YM1 was used to obtain yellow pigment masterbatches YM2 to YM24. [Table 7]

[0074] <Production of Yellow Toner YT1> 165 parts polyester resin 1.5 parts styrene acrylic resin 25 parts of pigment masterbatch YM1 1 / 5 parts synthetic wax (Hydrocarbon wax, maximum endothermic peak temperature 90℃) The above materials were mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75 model, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 20 s. -1After mixing for 5 minutes, the mixture was kneaded at 140°C in a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30, manufactured by Ikegai Corporation). The resulting kneaded mixture was cooled and coarsely pulverized in a pin mill to a volume average particle size of 100 μm or less to obtain a coarsely pulverized product. The coarsely pulverized product was then finely pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer (T-250, manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd.) by adjusting the rotation speed and number of passes to obtain the target particle size. Further, classification was performed using a rotary classifier (200TSP, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) to obtain toner particles. The rotation speed of the rotary classifier (200TSP, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) was adjusted to obtain the target particle size and particle size distribution. The weight average particle size (D4) was 6.5 μm. 100 parts of the resulting toner particles were mixed with a mixture of 100 parts of toner having a specific surface area of ​​200 m2 measured by the BET method. 2 1.8 parts of silica particles hydrophobized with silicone oil were added, and the mixture was mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 30 s -1 The mixture was mixed at a rotation time of 10 minutes to obtain toner YT1.

[0075] <Production example of yellow toner YT2 to YT29> Except for changing the materials shown in Table 8, the same production method as for yellow toner YT1 was used to obtain yellow toners YT2 to YT29. [Table 8]

[0076] <Production of yellow pigment masterbatch YM25> Yellow pigment (PY74, SP value: 9.2 (cal / cm 3 ) (1 / 2) ) 20 copies Calcium carbonate particles 1 20 parts 160 parts polyester resin The above materials were mixed in a Henschel mixer (FM-75 model, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 20 s. -1After mixing for a rotation time of 5 minutes, the mixture was kneaded at 120°C in a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30 model, manufactured by Ikegai Corporation). The resulting kneaded mixture was cooled and coarsely pulverized in a pin mill to a volume average particle size of 100 μm or less, to obtain a coarsely pulverized product of yellow pigment masterbatch YM25.

[0077] <Production of yellow pigment masterbatches YM26 to YM48> Except for changing the materials shown in Table 9, yellow pigment master batches YM26 to YM48 were produced in the same manner as yellow pigment master batch YM25. [Table 9]

[0078] <Production example of yellow toner YT30 to YT58> Except for changing the materials shown in Table 10, the same production method as for yellow toner YT1 was used to obtain yellow toners YT30 to YT58. [Table 10]

[0079] <Magnetic Carrier 1 Manufacturing Example> Number average particle size: 0.30 μm, magnetization strength: 65 Am under a magnetic field of 1000 / 4π (kA / m) 2 / kg) of magnetite 1 Number average particle size: 0.50 μm, magnetization strength: 65 Am under a magnetic field of 1000 / 4π (kA / m) 2 / kg) of magnetite2 To 100 parts of each of the above materials, 4.0 parts of a silane compound (3-(2-aminoethylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane) was added, and the mixture was mixed and stirred at high speed in a container at 100° C. or higher to treat each of the fine particles. Phenol: 10% by weight Formaldehyde solution: 6% by mass (40% by mass of formaldehyde, 10% by mass of methanol, 50% by mass of water) Magnetite treated with the above silane compound 1:58 mass% Magnetite treated with the above silane compound 2: 26 mass% 100 parts of the above material, 5 parts of a 28% by weight aqueous ammonia solution, and 20 parts of water were placed in a flask, and the mixture was heated to 85°C over 30 minutes while stirring and mixing, and then maintained at that temperature for 3 hours to polymerize and harden the resulting phenolic resin. The hardened phenolic resin was then cooled to 30°C, and water was added. The supernatant was removed, and the precipitate was washed with water and air-dried. This was then dried under reduced pressure (5 mmHg or less) at 60°C to obtain spherical magnetic carrier 1 with dispersed magnetic material. The volume-based 50% particle size (D50) of magnetic carrier 1 was 34.2 μm.

[0080] <Manufacturing example of cyan two-component developer CD1> 8.0 parts of cyan toner CT1 was added to 92.0 parts of magnetic carrier 1, and mixed in a V-type mixer (V-20, manufactured by Seishin Enterprises) to obtain two-component developer CD1.

[0081] <Manufacturing example of cyan two-component developers CD2 to CD31> Two-component developers CD2 to CD31 were obtained by carrying out production in the same manner as in the production example of two-component developer CD1, except that the toner was changed as shown in Table 11.

[0082] <Production example of magenta two-component developer MD1> 8.0 parts of magenta toner MT1 was added to 92.0 parts of magnetic carrier 1, and mixed in a V-type mixer (V-20, manufactured by Seishin Enterprises) to obtain two-component developer MD1.

[0083] <Manufacturing example of magenta two-component developers MD2 to MD29> Two-component developers MD2 to MD29 were obtained by carrying out production in the same manner as in the production example of two-component developer MD1, except that the toner was changed as shown in Table 11.

[0084] <Production example of yellow two-component developer YD1> 8.0 parts of yellow toner YT1 was added to 92.0 parts of magnetic carrier 1, and mixed in a V-type mixer (V-20, manufactured by Seishin Enterprises) to obtain two-component developer YD1.

[0085] <Production example of yellow two-component developers YD2 to YD29> Two-component developers YD2 to YD29 were obtained by carrying out the same production procedure as in the production example of two-component developer YD1, except that the toner was changed as shown in Table 11.

[0086] <Production example of yellow two-component developers YD30 to YD58> Two-component developers YD30 to YD58 were obtained by carrying out the same production procedure as in the production example of two-component developer YD1, except that the toner was changed as shown in Table 11. [Table 11]

[0087] The method for evaluating images obtained using the above two-component developer is described below. <Color gamut evaluation> The image forming apparatus used was a Canon imageRUNNER ADVANCE C5255 full-color copier. The evaluation was carried out under normal temperature and humidity conditions (23°C, 50% RH). The evaluation paper was plain copy paper GFC-081 (A4, basis weight 81.4 g / m 2 A 1cm x 1cm patch image was output using a printer (sold by Canon Marketing Japan Inc.), and the toner amount of each patch was set to 0.35g / m by the controller. 2 The temperature of the fixing roller was adjusted so that the gloss of the image was 20 to 25, and the fixed image of the patch image was output while adjusting the temperature of the fixing roller so that the gloss of the image was 20 to 25. The gloss range above generally corresponds to high gloss. Here, the gloss was measured using a handy gloss meter PG-3D (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) at a light incident angle of 75°, and the average value of three arbitrary points on each image was used as the gloss value of the image.

[0088] For image evaluation, a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d, manufactured by Konica Minolta) was used to measure the spectral reflectance of each patch obtained above from 380 nm to 780 nm, and the color gamut volume was simulated using the results obtained, and the percentage change in color gamut volume relative to the reference was evaluated. Note that for Examples 1 to 20, 41, and 42, Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and Comparative Examples 8 and 9, Comparative Example 7 was used as the reference, and for Examples 21 to 40, Comparative Examples 10 to 15, and Comparative Examples 17 and 18, Comparative Example 16 was used as the reference. Examples 7, 9, 10, 27, 29, 30, 41 and 42 were evaluated as reference examples. The evaluation results are shown in Table 12.

[0089] [Table 12]

Claims

1. A toner having toner particles containing a colorant, a binder resin, and calcium carbonate particles, the content of the colorant in the toner particles is 1.0% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less, The binder resin contains a polyester resin, the aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin is 50 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less; The surfaces of the calcium carbonate particles are coated with a fatty acid, the content of the calcium carbonate particles in the toner particles is 2.5% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less, when the content of the colorant in the toner particles is A% by mass and the content of the calcium carbonate particles in the toner particles is B% by mass, A / B is 0.8 to 2.5, The toner is characterized in that the number average particle diameter of the calcium carbonate particles is 150 nm or more and 800 nm or less.

2. 2. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the content of the colorant in the toner particles is 1.0% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less.

3. 3. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin contains a resin having a polystyrene skeleton.

4. 4. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the content of the resin having a polystyrene skeleton in the toner particles is 0.3% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less.

5. 5. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the resin having a polystyrene skeleton is a styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer.

6. 6. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic ring concentration of the polyester resin is 55 mol % or more and 60 mol % or less.

7. 7. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the fatty acid coated on the calcium carbonate particles is 0.1% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less.

8. 8. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is a linear saturated fatty acid having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms.

9. 9. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is stearic acid.

10. The colorant has an SP value of 8.0 (cal / cm ３ ) （１／２） More than 10.0 (cal / cm ３ ) （１／２） The toner according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following pigment:

11. 11. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the colorant comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a magenta pigment, a cyan pigment, and a yellow pigment.

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