Filtration devices and related filter elements

Abstract

Disclosed is a filter assembly including a filter cartridge, a filter housing end portion, and a filter housing main portion, the filter housing main portion adapted to receive the filter cartridge and adapted to be connected to the housing end portion by threading, the filter housing main portion including a first longitudinal axis and a main opening, the main opening defined by a first end portion including an upper interrupted edge and a first threaded portion disposed below the upper edge, the first end portion including a recess arrangement including one or more axially extending recesses, the one or more axially extending recesses at least partially interrupting the first threaded portion, the filter cartridge including a second longitudinal axis and a first end cap, the first end cap including a central portion and a radial extension arrangement including one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion, the radial extension arrangement being receivable by or adapted to be received by the recess arrangement, and an associated cartridge.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application was filed as a PCT International patent application on June 8, 2021, and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 036536, filed on June 9, 2020, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to filtration devices, and more particularly to filtration assemblies and associated filter elements. [Background technology]

[0003] Fluid filters, such as liquid filters, are employed in a variety of applications, including hydraulic systems, engine lubrication systems, and fuel systems. In these types of systems, filter cartridges (also called filter elements) are periodically serviced. This service is important to protect the equipment from contaminants.

[0004] Bowl / cartridge assemblies are known in the art. Bowl / cartridge assemblies can be bottom-loading, where during service, a filter cartridge is inserted into the filter bowl, which is then loaded into the filter head from below. Bowl / cartridge assemblies can also be top-loading, where the filter housing main portion has an upwardly facing main access opening through which the filter cartridge is received from above. In top-loading assemblies, the filter housing main portion can include fluid / liquid flow lines that direct the fluid to be filtered into the filtration assembly and allow it to be removed from the filtration assembly after filtering by passing the fluid through the filtration media of the filter cartridge. The upwardly facing main opening of a top-loading assembly can be closed by a filter housing end, such as a filter housing end cover.

[0005] In an example of a bottom-loading type liquid filter assembly, the housing is removably attached to a filter head, filter base, or some other form of manifold, which directs the liquid to be filtered into the filter system and provides for the removal of filtered liquid from the system. Such assemblies are sometimes referred to as "in-line" because the filter assembly is typically positioned in one or more liquid flow lines. This type of assembly includes a receiving housing or bowl, which is attached to the filter head, base, or manifold, for example, via a threaded connection. The filter head and filter receiving housing typically define the housing of the filtration assembly. A filter cartridge is positioned within the filter receiving housing or bowl, and when the filter receiving housing or bowl is attached to the filter head, it engages with appropriate portions of the filter head for a sealing interaction, providing a filtration flow path for delivering unfiltered liquid to the filter cartridge and for delivering filtered liquid from the filter cartridge.

[0006] During servicing, it is important to ensure that the filter cartridge is correctly and sealingly positioned within the assembly. Because portions of the housing may obscure the cartridge while the housing is closed, it is preferable to develop features that help ensure proper alignment and interaction between the cartridge and the rest of the system to ensure the cartridge is correctly positioned for use.

[0007] Additionally, with the continuing development of many different applications for liquid filter arrangements and the multitude of different types of systems for their use, it is important to ensure that any filter cartridge positioned within the housing of a given filter assembly is the appropriate filter cartridge for that assembly.

[0008] Additionally, it is preferred when the filter cartridge is removably attached to the bowl so that when the bowl is removed from the filter head, the filter cartridge remains removably attached to the bowl. This serves a different purpose.

[0009] For example, the configuration prevents liquid from dripping from the filter cartridge onto the surrounding area of ​​the filter assembly when the bowl is removed. If the cartridge remains removably attached to the bowl, any remaining liquid will drip into the bowl and can be conveniently disposed of once the bowl is removed from the system, thereby allowing for clean servicing of the system.

[0010] Additionally, the amount of clearance required to service the filter assembly is significantly reduced by having the cartridge remain within the bowl during the process. Because liquid filters are often installed in tight spaces, such as the motor compartment of a vehicle, this reduction in the amount of clearance required is highly beneficial from a design, manufacturing, and maintenance standpoint.

[0011] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20170028322 (Donaldson Inc.) solves some of the problems referenced above, but Applicant has clearly recognized that embodiments of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20170028322 lack certain desirable features.

[0012] For example, it is not only important to ensure that the proper filter cartridge can be installed in the filter assembly, but more importantly, to ensure that the filter assembly cannot be completed without the filter cartridge.

[0013] It is also preferred that any features incorporated to ensure the use of the proper cartridge type within the system, proper cartridge positioning, and proper engagement are relatively mechanically robust and convenient features for alignment during use.

[0014] Furthermore, it is highly desirable when these features are simple and inexpensive so that they can be built, assembled, and adjusted to suit the client's needs. This is not the case at this time, as existing embodiments often rely on interaction with the filter head (which is the mechanically most complex, and therefore the most expensive, part of the system). Therefore, a solution that does not require any modification of the filter head for use with different types of filter cartridges is highly desirable.

[0015] While the above examples, preferences, and advantages have focused primarily on bottom-loading bowl / cartridge assemblies, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many of them are also applicable to top-loading main housing / cartridge assemblies. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0016] There is a need in the industry for improved alternative filtration assemblies and associated filtration elements.

[0017] The object of the present disclosure is to provide a filtration assembly as claimed in claim 1 and to provide associated filter elements as claimed in the other independent claims. [Means for solving the problem]

[0018] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a filter assembly including a filter cartridge, a filter housing end portion, and a filter housing main portion, the filter housing main portion adapted to receive the filter cartridge and to be connected to the filter housing end portion by threading; the filter housing main portion includes a first longitudinal axis and a main opening, the main opening being defined by a first end, the first end including an upper interrupted edge and a first threaded portion disposed below the upper edge; the first end includes a recess arrangement including one or more axially extending recesses, the one or more axially extending recesses at least partially interrupting the first threaded portion; the filter cartridge includes a filtration medium and a second longitudinal axis and a first end cap connected to the filtration medium, the first end cap including a central portion and a radial extension arrangement including one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion; A filter assembly is disclosed in which a radial extension arrangement is adapted to be received (or be receivable) by a recess arrangement.

[0019] For the purposes of this description, when it is said that parts A and B are connected by screwing, it encompasses relative movement and includes both the situation where part A is screwed onto or into part B (part B is stationary) and the situation where part B is screwed onto or into part A (part A is stationary). Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that what applies depends on the embodiment involved.

[0020] The filter housing main portion is preferably the portion of the filter housing adapted to substantially receive the largest portion of the filter element (e.g., greater than 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, or 99%, or even 100%, of the length of the filter element).

[0021] Preferably, the central portion of the first end cap corresponds to a projection of the filtration medium toward the first end cap along the second longitudinal axis. Preferably, the central portion includes a portion of the first end cap that abuts the filtration medium. Preferably, the central portion includes a circular periphery.

[0022] Preferably, the radial extension arrangement includes an annular portion immediately surrounding the central portion. The annular portion preferably constitutes an interior portion of the radial extension arrangement. Depending on the particular architecture of the filter cartridge, the annular portion may be, for example, a protruding edge of an end cap, often used to radially confine the filtration medium and / or to confine potting or adhesive material used to bond the filtration medium to the first end cap. Alternatively, for example, in cases where a direct bonding process is used (whereby the filtration medium is attached to the first end cap without adhesive or potting), the annular portion may include a portion of the end cap that does not exhibit a separate radial extension feature.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the filtration medium comprises a pleated or expanded medium, or other medium known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the filtration medium is tubularly arranged and preferably defines a cylindrical outer and / or inner envelope. Preferably, the filtration medium comprises a circular cross section in a direction perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis.

[0024] An advantage of the present disclosure and its embodiments is that it is difficult or impossible to install an improper filter cartridge.

[0025] Another advantage is that the filter cartridge can be installed in a single predetermined location or in a limited set of two or more predetermined locations relative to the filter housing main portion.

[0026] Another advantage is that the filter assembly becomes somewhat difficult to install without the filter cartridge, so that the system becomes a "no filter - no run" type. Indeed, if the upper edge is regularly or irregularly interrupted by the recess arrangement, screwing into the filter housing main part / bowl becomes more difficult. From another perspective, the protrusion arrangement complementary to the recess arrangement at the first end of the filter bowl may be designed to make centering and starting screwing into the filter housing end difficult. It may also be difficult to do so without damaging the first threaded portion of the filter housing main part or the corresponding thread (second threaded portion) at the filter housing end. Furthermore, it may also be difficult to find the starting point for the second threaded portion at the filter housing end.

[0027] A further advantage is that the radial extension arrangement (particularly its outer surface) can be used to remove the filter element or cartridge from the filter housing main part, e.g., the filter bowl. When the filter housing main part and the filter housing end part are separated, the outer surface is clearly visible and easily accessible. If the radial extension arrangement is provided with a thread, the threads provide a gripping feature to prevent the element from slipping through the user's fingers during servicing. A user of the assembly will understand that the outer surface of the radial extension arrangement will have no or only very limited contact with the fluid in the filtration assembly.

[0028] A further advantage is that during servicing, the filter cartridge can be partially lifted from the main filter housing portion, rotated slightly, and then rested on the upper edge of the ridge arrangement in the main filter housing portion, thereby opening the drainage mechanism and / or allowing the filter element to expel most of its remaining fluid before completely removing the filter element from the main filter housing portion.

[0029] The filter assembly is preferably adapted to filter fluids such as gases or liquids. More preferably, the assembly is adapted to filter fuel, oil, or hydraulic fluids. In some embodiments, the assembly can also be used for air filtration.

[0030] The filter housing may include a filter bowl (main portion of the filter housing) and a filter head (end portion of the filter housing) and may be of the bottom-mount type. The filter head is configured to direct fluid to be filtered into the filter system / filter and to remove filtered liquid from the system / filter. The filter assembly may preferably be of the "in-line" type, so that it is positioned in one or more liquid flow lines. When the bowl is mounted in the head, a filter cartridge or element engages with an appropriate portion of the filter head for sealing interaction, providing a filtration flow path for delivering unfiltered liquid into the filter cartridge and for delivering filtered liquid out of the filter cartridge.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one, many or all of the radial extensions of the radial extension arrangement extend radially outward from the central portion by more than 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 mm.

[0032] According to preferred embodiments, the radial extension arrangement extends radially outward from the central portion by more than 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 mm.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, the annular portion of the radial extension arrangement extends radially outward from the central portion by about 1 to 5 mm or about 1 to 10 mm.

[0034] It will be appreciated that the first threaded portion may have a pitch different from 0. For example, the thread pitch may be between 0.5 mm and 4 mm, more preferably between 1 and 3 mm.

[0035] The threaded portion preferably includes at least two or more threads. Those skilled in the art will understand that the threaded portion described in the context of this disclosure is different from the portion often used in bayonet-type fittings.

[0036] For purposes of this disclosure, a first threaded portion forms a continuous thread. The first threaded portion may be interrupted, but subsequent portions of said first threaded portion present on adjacent lobes of the lobe arrangement form a single continuous thread.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the convex arrangement (or concave arrangement) defines a battlement type structure.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the individual recesses of the recess arrangement may be of equal or unequal height (axial length), and the radially extending portions of the first end cap of the filter cartridge may be disposed at different axial positions according to the corresponding recess arrangement.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the filter housing end includes a second threaded portion for receiving the filter housing main portion through at least the first threaded portion. Thus, the second threaded portion has a thread that matches the first threaded portion. For example, the second threaded portion preferably has the same pitch as the first threaded portion.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the radial extension arrangement comprises only one radial extension.

[0041] Preferably, the single radial extension has an angular extent about the second longitudinal axis that is greater than 180°, more preferably greater than 190°, 200°, 210°, 220°, 230°, 240°, 250°, 260°, more preferably greater than 270°, 280°, 290°, 300°, 310°, 320°, 330°, 340°, 350°, 355°, and less than 360°.

[0042] The advantage of such an embodiment is that without a suitable filter cartridge, the initiation of the relative screwing process between the filter housing main part and the filter housing end part becomes very difficult, if not impossible, and the installation becomes extremely difficult or impossible, especially when the angular extent of the radial extension exceeds 270°.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the radial extension arrangement comprises at least two radial extensions.

[0044] In preferred embodiments, the at least two radial extensions are disposed entirely within an angular range about said second longitudinal axis of less than 180°, less than 135° or less than 90°.

[0045] In an embodiment, the at least two radial extensions are arranged at regular angular intervals.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the at least two radial extensions are arranged at irregular angular intervals.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the recess arrangement comprises one recess.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the recess arrangement comprises at least two recesses.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the number of axial recesses is equal to the number of radial extensions.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the filter cartridge is such that when the filter cartridge is received by the filter housing main portion in the installed state of the assembly, the radial extension has an axial extent equal to the height of the respective recess.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the filter cartridge is such that when the filter cartridge is received by the filter housing main portion in the installed state of the assembly, the radial extension has an axial extent that is slightly (e.g., less than 10%) or substantially (more than 10%) less than the height of each recess.

[0052] In cases where there is sufficient clearance at the filter housing end or the first filter end cap is slightly compressible, it is not excluded that the radial extensions have an axial extent slightly higher (e.g., up to 10%) than the height of the respective recesses.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the annular portion of the radial extension arrangement has a substantially circular periphery and a limited clearance with respect to the interior side of the main housing portion / bowl. This clearance can be used to allow fluid to pass from one or more inlet orifices in the filter head to the filtration media in the filter cartridge. The clearance can be, for example, 1 to 25 mm, more preferably 1 to 15 or 1 to 10 mm, and more preferably 2 and 5 mm.

[0054] In preferred embodiments, at least one, and possibly several or all, of the radially extending portions of the filter cartridge further include one or more through openings for permitting the passage of fluid therethrough.

[0055] By providing one or more through openings, fluid inflow can be provided or optimized (eg, the filter assembly can be less restrictive to certain fluids / dimensions, etc.).

[0056] According to preferred embodiments, the through openings have a circular, oval, elliptical or elongated shape. Preferably, the total cross section of the through openings is greater than 10% or greater than 20% of the annular surface area defined by the radial extension arrangement, the annular surface area being the surface area defined between the central portion of the end cap and the concentric circular periphery where the radial extension arrangement abuts.

[0057] Preferably, for at least one, many, or all of the radial extensions, the total cross section of the through openings of each radial extension is greater than 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or greater than 90% of the surface area defined by the respective radial extension, which surface area is the surface area of ​​the respective radial extension defined between the central portion of the end cap and its outer periphery.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment, the width or diameter of the through opening is greater than 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 mm.

[0059] According to preferred embodiments, the length of the through opening is greater than 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20 mm.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the radial extension arrangement includes a third threaded portion on the cylindrical surface, the third threaded portion configured to mate with and complement the first threaded portion.

[0061] In the context of bottom-mounted embodiments, during servicing, the filter element is pulled down along with the filter housing main portion / bowl, overcoming the resistance provided by, for example, an O-ring seal that forms the seal between the head / housing end and the filter element (e.g., its outlet), thus providing the advantage of clean servicing.

[0062] Preferably, upon receipt of the radial extension arrangement by the recess arrangement, the third threaded portion and the first threaded portion form a complete radially continuous thread (i.e., over at least a portion, preferably over the entire axial extent of the first threaded portion).

[0063] Alternatively, the third threaded portion only partially (but substantially) angularly complements the first threaded portion, for example, the third threaded portion angularly complements the first threaded portion such that the third threaded portion complements at least 50%, at least 75%, or at least 90%, or even 100%, of the angular gap defined by the recess arrangement.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the first and third threaded portions have matching threads. Those skilled in the art will understand that matching threads are not necessarily identical. For example, the pitch of the first and third threaded portions may be the same, but there may be differences in the relative crest and valley positions and angles. According to a preferred embodiment, the third threaded portion includes threads that can adjust to match the threads of the second threaded portion by a limited amount to accommodate small misalignments due, for example, to deflection of the plastic material of the end cap or the presence of, for example, a limited amount of dirt.

[0065] In some example embodiments, the start of the full thread is located on the radial extension arrangement. This provides the advantage that the housing main part cannot be screwed onto the filter housing end without the appropriate filter element. According to some embodiments, the start of the full thread is positioned at or near one end of the protrusion arrangement relative to the protrusion. In such embodiments, when the filter cartridge is inserted into the filter housing main part, the filter element and the filter housing main part are preferably oriented relative to each other only in a single, predetermined position.

[0066] In some instances, the start of the threads is located on the main housing portion to ensure that the main portion does not fall off the cartridge during disassembly.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the cylindrical surface of the radial extension arrangement comprises a deformable, preferably threadable, material, the threadable material being softer than the material of which the second threaded portion is made, and the threadable material having a radial thickness greater than the thread depth of the threaded portion. The deformable material is preferably such that it partially or completely accommodates the threads of the second thread arrangement when the first and second screws are screwed together. The threadable material is preferably such that it easily provides a permanent thread by interaction with the second thread when the first and second screws are screwed together.

[0068] This also provides the advantage of clean servicing, as during servicing the filter element is pulled down along with the main bowl / housing portion, overcoming the resistance provided by, for example, an O-ring seal that forms the seal between the head / housing end and the filter element (e.g., its outlet).

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the filter housing end includes a spring-loaded sliding pin that is positioned to protrude into one of the recesses when the filter housing main part is screwed onto the filter housing end in the absence of a filter cartridge, thereby preventing the filter housing main part from being fully screwed onto the filter housing end in the absence of a filter cartridge.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the filter housing end includes a leaf spring that is positioned to protrude into one of the recesses when the filter housing main part is screwed onto the filter housing end in the absence of a filter cartridge, thereby preventing the filter housing main part from being fully screwed onto the filter housing end in the absence of a filter cartridge.

[0071] It will be appreciated that in a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the external threads of the filter housing main portion are completed by a radial extension arrangement on the filter end cap, the outer surface of which includes threads or a threadable or deformable material that can provide for threads when the combination of the filter housing main portion and filter cartridge is threadedly connected to the filter housing end cap.

[0072] The combination of the filter cartridge and filter housing main portion (eg, bowl) can be screwed into the filter housing end, for example.

[0073] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a filter cartridge is disclosed for use in a filter housing main portion, preferably for use in the filter assembly of the first aspect, the filter cartridge having a longitudinal axis, the filter cartridge including: a filtration medium surrounding an open filter interior, the filtration medium having first and second opposite ends; and a first end cap at one end of the filtration medium, the first end cap including a central portion and a radial extension arrangement including one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion, the radial extension arrangement radially abutting a cylindrical surface, and the radial extension arrangement including a third threaded portion on the cylindrical surface.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the third threaded portion includes the start of the thread.

[0075] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a filter cartridge is disclosed for use in a filter housing main portion, preferably for use in the filter assembly of the first aspect, the filter cartridge having a longitudinal axis and including: a filtration medium surrounding an open filter interior, the filtration medium having first and second opposite ends; and a first end cap at one end of the filtration medium, the first end cap including a central portion and a radial extension arrangement including one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion, the radial extension arrangement radially abutting a cylindrical surface, the cylindrical surface of the radial extension arrangement including a threadable material.

[0076] Preferably, referring to the filter housing end of the assembly, the threadable material is softer than the material of which the second threaded portion is constructed, and the threadable material has a radial thickness greater than the thread depth of the second threaded portion.

[0077] Preferably, the second threaded portion comprises a material such as aluminum or a technically durable plastic material or metal.

[0078] Preferably, the threadable material comprises rubber, silicone, thermoplastic elastomer or soft plastic material (such as PE / PP).

[0079] Preferably, the threadable material is different from the primary material of the first end cap.

[0080] The primary material of the first end cap can be, for example, a hard plastic or a metal (eg, aluminum or zamak).

[0081] In a preferred bottom-loading embodiment, the filter cartridge of any of the aspects of the present disclosure includes a main opening through the first end cap that communicates with the open filter interior and does not overlap the filtration media at the axial projection.

[0082] The main opening of the first end cap can be centrally located (e.g., in the center of the central portion of the first end cap). The main opening can be defined by an outlet or inlet duct. The outlet or inlet duct can include a radially or axially oriented seal (e.g., an O-ring type) along its outer or inner surface. The outlet or inlet duct can extend axially away from the main portion of the first end cap in a direction away from the filtration media.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the filter cartridge of any of the aspects of the present disclosure includes a radial extension arrangement having a single or only one radial extension.

[0084] Preferably, the single radial extension has an angular extent about the second longitudinal axis that is greater than 180°, more preferably greater than 190°, 200°, 210°, 220°, 230°, 240°, 250°, 260°, more preferably greater than 270°, 280°, 290°, 300°, 310°, 320°, 330°, 340°, 350°, 355°, and less than 360°.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the filter cartridge of any of the aspects of the present disclosure includes a radial extension arrangement including at least two radial extensions, which can be positioned at regular or irregular angular intervals.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the radial extension arrangement includes an axial extension arrangement at its free end. The axial extension arrangement includes at least one axial extension, and at least some or all of the axial extensions extend axially from the distal end of the radial extension. The presence of the axial extension arrangement can be beneficial in increasing the surface area of ​​the third threaded portion while reducing the amount of material required for the end cap.

[0087] In preferred embodiments of the filter cartridge of any of the aspects of the present disclosure, the radial extension arrangement includes one or more auxiliary openings or through-openings through the first end cap, the auxiliary openings being outside the area occupied by the filtration media and not overlapping with the filtration media at the axial projection.

[0088] In preferred embodiments of the filter cartridge of any of the aspects of the present disclosure, at least one side, preferably both sides, of at least one, many, or all of the radially extending portions are axially tapered. The side may include, for example, a taper of about 1 to 60 degrees relative to the axial direction. The taper may be asymmetric or symmetric.

[0089] Preferably, the tapered side surfaces are asymmetric. In the first side surface or radial extension, the taper is preferably greater than 45°, or even greater than 60°. In the other, second side surface, the taper may preferably be between 0 and 30°, 0 and 20°, or 0 and 10°. This provides the advantage that, in embodiments where a blocking pin is provided in the filter head as described herein, the blocking pin effectively blocks rotation of the filter bowl in the filter head when the blocking pin interacts with the second side surface in the absence of a filter element.

[0090] The presence of tapered sides has been shown to improve the initial alignment between the housing main portion and the cartridge.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment of the filter cartridge of any of the aspects of the present disclosure, the first end cap includes three or more axially extending radial alignment tabs or alignment features for alignment with a corresponding inner cylindrical wall of the filter housing main section, the alignment tabs projecting outwardly from the first end cap and having a tapered height dimension along the axial direction.

[0092] The presence of the alignment tabs helps to center the end cap and therefore the cartridge within the filter housing main portion / bowl, thereby also helping to define a predetermined fluid flow.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the radial extension arrangement comprises two separate parts, which can be, for example, slidably arranged relative to each other. For example, the first part can comprise an annular part. The second part can comprise a further ring or similar structure, which is arranged around the annular part and is at least axially slidable relative to the first part / annular part (optionally also radially slidable). The second part preferably comprises a feature of the radial extension arrangement extending outward from the further ring or similar structure.

[0094] According to a preferred embodiment, the second portion can slide relative to the first portion within a limited range along the axial direction of the filter element (e.g., between a first extreme axial position and a second extreme axial position). The limited range can be, for example, 1 to 20 mm, 1 to 10 mm, or 1 to 5 mm.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the first end cap (eg, annular portion) includes a limiting feature adapted to limit axial movement of a ring or similar structure.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, for all aspects, the filter housing main portion includes a filter bowl and the filter housing end portion includes a filter head. Such an embodiment is of the bottom-loading type.

[0097] In another preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, for all aspects, the filter housing main portion includes a fluid container (e.g., one provided with suitable fluid inlets and outlets). The fluid container may be a fluid tank. The filter housing end portion may include a filter housing cover.

[0098] Such an embodiment is of the top-loading type.

[0099] In another aspect, an in-tank filter assembly is provided, the assembly including a filter cartridge, a cover, and an interface, the cover adapted to receive the filter cartridge and the interface by threading, the cover including a primary opening, the primary opening defined by a first enclosure wall including a first threaded portion along the first enclosure wall, the interface including an interface opening defined by a second enclosure wall sized to fit within the primary opening, the second enclosure wall having one or more interface threaded radial extensions adapted to engage the first threaded portion, and the one or more interface threaded radii. The filter cartridge includes a filtration medium and a first end cap connected to the filtration medium, the first end cap including a central portion and one or more cartridge radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion, the cartridge radial extensions adapted to threadably engage with a first threaded portion of a cover, the cartridge radial extensions being interrupted by one or more recesses therebetween, and the cartridge is removably oriented within the interface opening.

[0100] In an example, the cover includes a spigot and the central portion of the first end cap engages the spigot.

[0101] In an example embodiment, the first threaded portion along the first surrounding wall is directed radially inward.

[0102] In the example embodiment, the interface threaded radial extension and the cartridge radial extension are directed radially outward.

[0103] In an example embodiment, the interface threaded radial extension and the cartridge radial extension radially abut a common cylindrical surface.

[0104] In an example embodiment, the cover includes airflow passages to allow air to flow through the spigot and through the gap between the cover and the border.

[0105] In an example embodiment, the cover includes a first cover piece and a second cover piece that engage with each other.

[0106] Many examples further include a splash deflector at the end of the filter cartridge opposite the first end cap.

[0107] In one or more example embodiments, the first threaded portion extends 360°, the interface threaded radial extension extends less than 360°, and the cartridge radial extension extends less than 360°.

[0108] In some implementations, the first threaded portion extends 360°, the interface threaded radial extension extends less than 270°, and the cartridge radial extension extends more than 90°.

[0109] In an example embodiment, the first threaded portion extends 360°, the interface threaded radially extending portion extends 45-120°, and the cartridge radially extending portion extends 180-300°.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the first threaded portion extends 360°, the interface threaded radial extension extends 90°, and the cartridge radial extension extends 270°.

[0111] In an example embodiment, the filtration media comprises pleated media.

[0112] Features and advantages disclosed for one of the above aspects of the present disclosure are hereby implicitly disclosed for other aspects, mutatis mutandis, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art. In particular, aspects described for a filter element in the context of a filter assembly aspect are deemed applicable or disclosed for a filter element or cartridge, and vice versa.

[0113] The present disclosure is further elucidated by the following description and accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0114] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a partial filter assembly including a filter cartridge and a filter bowl according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] The filter bowl of FIG. [Figure 3] 2 shows the filter cartridge of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 1 depicts an embodiment of a filter cartridge according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 5 shows the filter cartridge of FIG. 4 inserted into the filter bowl. [Figure 6] 6 shows the filter bowl and cartridge of FIG. 5 assembled together. [Figure 7] 1 shows a perspective cross-section of a filter assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 10A shows a cross-sectional perspective of a sliding pin blocking mechanism of a filter assembly without a filter cartridge according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] 10 is a cross section of the sliding pin blocking mechanism of the filter assembly in the presence of a filter cartridge. [Figure 10] 1 is a schematic diagram of a screw thread showing the state of the art definitions of screw thread parameters. FIG. [Figure 11] 10A-10C schematically illustrate various embodiments of recess arrangements according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] 10A-10C schematically illustrate various embodiments of interactions between a recess arrangement (part thereof) and an extension arrangement (part thereof), according to embodiments of the present disclosure; [Figure 13] 1 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of a leaf spring blocking mechanism of a filter assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] 10A and 10B show schematic diagrams of suitable angle definitions for recess arrangements in the filter housing main part; [Figure 15] 1 illustrates a cross section of a top-loading assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the filter housing main section and filter cartridge. [Figure 17] 10A and 10B illustrate schematic diagrams of an embodiment of a filter cartridge having a movable radial extension arrangement. [Figure 18] 1 shows a perspective view of a filter cartridge including a deformable portion on the radially outer surface of its radial extension arrangement. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a filter assembly including a filter cartridge having a deformable portion on the radially outer surface of its radial extension arrangement. [Figure 20] 1 shows a perspective view of a partial filter assembly including a filter cartridge and a filter bowl according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 21] 10 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of the sliding pin blocking mechanism of FIGS. 8 and 9. FIG. [Figure 22] 10 illustrates the steps for assembling a filter bowl to a filter head in the absence of a filter cartridge. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 22. [Figure 24] 10 illustrates another step in assembling the filter bowl to the filter head when there is no filter cartridge. [Figure 25] FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 24. [Figure 26]10 illustrates another step in assembling the filter bowl to the filter head when there is no filter cartridge. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 26. [Figure 28] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a filter bowl having two recess arrangements. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a filter cartridge having two radial extensions oriented within the filter bowl of FIG. 28. [Figure 30] FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the filter head. [Figure 31] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a filter bowl. [Figure 32] FIG. 32 is a top view of the filter bowl of FIG. 31. [Figure 33] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a system constructed in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0115] Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The present disclosure will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, but the disclosure is not limited thereto but only by the claims. The drawings described are merely schematic and non-limiting. In the drawings, for illustrative purposes, the size of some elements may be exaggerated and not drawn to scale. The dimensions and relative dimensions do not necessarily correspond to actual reductions to the practice of the present disclosure.

[0116] Moreover, the terms first, second, and third, and the like, in the description and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and are not necessarily intended to describe chronological or chronological order.

[0117] Various embodiments, although referred to as "preferred," should be construed as examples of how the present disclosure may be implemented, rather than as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0118] Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a filter assembly according to the present disclosure, in which only a partial assembly including a filter bowl 300 and a filter cartridge 400 is shown.

[0119] filter bowl FIG. 2 provides a closer view of the filter bowl 300 of FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the filter bowl 300 comprises a vertical enclosure. The filter bowl 300 comprises a longitudinal axis 301 and a main opening 302. The opening 302 is defined by a first end 303. Preferably, the filter bowl is made of metal, more preferably aluminum, or a suitable plastic material. Preferably, the opening 302 is circular. Preferably, the opening 302 lies in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 301, which axis 301 passes through the center of the opening 302. Preferably, the longitudinal axis 301 is the axis of rotational symmetry of the filter bowl 300.

[0120] First end 303 includes an upper edge 304 and a first threaded portion 305 disposed on a radially outer surface of end 303 below upper edge 304. First end 303 preferably includes a radial seal (e.g., of the O-ring type) disposed along its outer surface below first threaded portion 305. First end 303 also includes a battlement-type recess arrangement 306, which includes one or more axially extending recesses 307. These recesses 307 at least partially or completely interrupt first threaded portion 305. Longitudinal axis 301 is preferably, but not necessarily, the axis of rotational symmetry of recess arrangement 306.

[0121] The first threaded portion 305 is disposed on the radially outer surface of the first end 303 and is male. The first threaded portion 305 has a thread pitch different from zero and a helix angle different from zero, where the thread pitch indicates the axial distance between two helices of the same thread and the helix angle indicates the angle of the helix relative to the axis of the threaded portion (the definition of the thread is shown schematically in FIG. 10). Preferably, the pitch is 0.5 to 4 mm. More preferably, the pitch is 1 to 3 mm. Preferably, the first threaded portion 305 includes a single-start thread. Preferably, the first threaded portion 305 includes two or more helices of the single-start thread. The thread is continuous throughout the first threaded portion 305. Where first threaded portion 305 is interrupted by recess arrangement 306, the thread section in uninterrupted section 308 of first threaded portion 305 is part of a continuous thread wrapped around first end 303. Thus, first threaded portion 305 is of the type used in a screw-type fitting, and not of the type used in a bayonet fitting.

[0122] 11 shows schematically various embodiments of recess arrangement 306 present at first end 303 of filter bowl 300. For ease of illustration, in this representation recess arrangement 306 is projected onto a straight line.

[0123] Preferably, the bottom 309 of the recess 307 lies in a plane parallel to the plane of the main opening 302 and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 301, so that the recess depth 310 (the distance between the recess bottom 309 and the upper edge 304) is constant within a single recess 307.

[0124] 11( a), the recess arrangement 306 includes two or more recesses 307. Every recess 307 in the recess arrangement 306 has the same recess depth 310. Moreover, every recess 307 in the recess arrangement 306 is arranged at a regular recess angle spacing 311, which is defined as the angle between the radial centerlines of two adjacent recesses 307. Every recess 307 in the recess arrangement 306 has the same top opening angle 313. Every recess 307 in the recess arrangement 306 has the same bottom opening angle 314. It should be noted that if the radial extension arrangement includes a third thread on its outer surface, this embodiment is not preferred because it would remain unclear to the user how to correctly position the elements without additional markings or alignment features.

[0125] Preferably, at least one side surface 312 of at least one recess 307 in the recess arrangement 306 is axially tapered, such that a top opening angle 313 of at least one recess 307 is greater than a bottom opening angle 314 of at least one recess 307. FIG. 11( b ) shows a second embodiment of the recess arrangement 306, in which the top opening angle 313 of the recesses 307 is greater than their bottom opening angle 314. Preferably, the first taper angle 315 is between 5 and 45°, more preferably between 10 and 30°. In a preferred embodiment, both side surfaces 312 of every recess 307 in the recess arrangement 306 are tapered. However, the taper for a single recess 307 may be symmetric, with the first taper angle 315 equal to the second taper angle 317, or asymmetric, with the first and second taper angles being different. For example, in some embodiments (FIGS. 26-28 and 31), second taper angle 317 is between 45 and 85 degrees (e.g., about 70 degrees). In those embodiments (FIGS. 26-28 and 31), first taper angle 315 can be between 80 and 100 degrees (e.g., about 90 degrees).

[0126] Also, as shown in Figure 11(b), the taper profile may be the same for all recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306, or the taper profile may be different for one or more recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306. A perspective view of the recess arrangement is shown schematically in Figure 14. On a first side of the recess 307, the taper 315 is preferably greater than 45°, or even greater than 60°. On the other, second side, the taper 317 may preferably be 0 to 30°, 0 to 20°, or 0 to 10°.

[0127] Returning to FIG. 11, in some embodiments, this recess arrangement 306 includes one recess 307, as shown in FIG. 11(c).

[0128] In some embodiments, some or all of the recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306 may be arranged with irregular recess angle spacing 311, as shown in FIG. 11(d).

[0129] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 11( e ), the recess depth 310 may vary between different recesses 307 of the same recess arrangement 306 .

[0130] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 11( f ), the top opening angle 313 may be different for one or more recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306 .

[0131] Each of the above-mentioned variations in recess depth, recess angle spacing, recess taper, and recess top opening angle can be used alone or in any combination to differentiate filter bowl / housing main portion 300 for different applications, different markets, or different products to ensure that the correct filter element (particularly the correct filtration media) is used for a particular filtration system.

[0132] filter cartridge Figure 3 provides a closer view of filter cartridge 400 as introduced in Figure 1. In this embodiment, filter cartridge 400 includes a second longitudinal axis 409 and filtration media 407. Filtration media 407 has first and second opposite ends and encloses an open filter interior 408. Preferably, the planes of the first and second opposite ends are parallel to each other and perpendicular to second longitudinal axis 409. Preferably, open filter interior 408 (bounded by filtration media 407 and its first and second opposite end faces) is cylindrical and has second longitudinal axis 409 as its axis of symmetry. Preferably, filtration media 407 is suitable for filtering a fluid (e.g., a gas or, more preferably, a liquid).

[0133] At a first end of the filtration media 407, the filter cartridge 400 includes a first end cap 401, which includes a central portion 402 having a main opening 410. Preferably, the first end cap 401 is made of plastic. Alternatively, the first end cap 401 may be made of metal (such as aluminum). The filter cartridge further includes a second end cap disposed at a second end of the filtration media. The first and second end caps may be joined to the first and second ends of the filtration media by, for example, potting, adhesive bonding, or direct bonding. The main opening 410 of the first end cap 401 may be centered in the central portion 402. The main opening 410 provides fluid communication with the filter interior 408. The main opening 410 may be defined by an outlet (or inlet, depending on the configuration of the filtration system) duct 414. Outlet duct 414 may include a radial seal 415 (e.g., of the O-ring type) along its outer or inner surface. Outlet duct 414 may extend axially away from central portion 402 of first end cap 401 in a direction away from filtration medium 407. Preferably, main opening 410 does not overlap filtration medium 407 at an axial projection. Preferably, central portion 402 of first end cap 401 corresponds to an axial projection of filtration medium 407 toward first end cap 401 along second longitudinal axis 409. Preferably, central portion 402 includes a portion of first end cap 401 that abuts filtration medium 407. Preferably, central portion 402 includes a circular periphery and has second longitudinal axis 409 as an axis of symmetry.

[0134] The first end cap 401 includes a radial extension arrangement 403 including one or more radial extensions 404 extending radially outward from the central portion 402. The radial extension arrangement 403 preferably lies in the same plane as the first end cap 401. Preferably, this plane is perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis 409. Preferably, the radial outer surfaces 406 of the radial extensions 404 are part of the radial surface of a cylinder having the second longitudinal axis 409 as its axis of rotation. Preferably, all of the radial extensions 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403 have the same radius, such that the radial outer surfaces 406 of the radial extensions 404 are all part of the radial surface of the same cylinder having the second longitudinal axis 409 as its axis of rotation.

[0135] Preferably, radial extension arrangement 403 includes an annular portion 426 that immediately surrounds central portion 402. Annular portion 426 preferably constitutes an interior portion of radial extension arrangement 403. Depending on the particular architecture of filter cartridge 400, annular portion 426 may be, for example, a protruding edge of end cap 401, and is often used to radially confine filtration medium 407 and / or to confine potting or adhesive material used to bond filtration medium 407 to first end cap 401. Alternatively, for example, in instances where a direct bonding process is used (whereby filtration medium 407 is attached to first end cap 401 without adhesive or potting), annular portion 426 may include a portion of end cap 401 that does not exhibit a separate radial extension feature.

[0136] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , the radial extension arrangement 403 includes three radial extensions 404 arranged at a regular extension angle interval 416, where the extension angle interval 416 is defined as the opening angle between the radial centerlines of two adjacent radial extensions 404. The extension opening angle 417 is also the same for all extensions. Thus, the illustrated radial extension arrangement exhibits a tripartite rotational symmetry about the second longitudinal axis 409. However, this configuration is not required by the present disclosure, as additional markings or alignment features may be required to enable correct positioning. In other embodiments, the radial extension arrangement 403 can include only one radial extension 404 or any number of two or more radial extensions 404. In other embodiments, the radial extensions 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403 can be arranged at an irregular extension angle interval 416. In other embodiments, the extension opening angle 417 may be different for some or all of the radial extensions 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403 .

[0137] Each of the variations in the number of radial extensions, extension angular spacing, and extension opening angle mentioned above can be used alone or in any combination to differentiate filter cartridges 400 for different applications, different markets, or different products to ensure that the correct filter element (particularly the correct filtration media) is used for a particular filtration system.

[0138] In the embodiment of Figure 3, the radial extensions 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403 have the same thickness in the axial direction as the first end cap 401 along the radial surface where the extensions 404 connect to the end cap 401. However, the extensions 404 may be thinner or thicker than the end cap 401 along this radial surface, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Although the embodiments shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5 all show extensions 404 of the same or nearly the same thickness within one extension arrangement 403, one or more of the extensions 404 may have different thicknesses within the same extension arrangement 403.

[0139] In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, radial extension arrangement 403 includes an axial extension arrangement 418 at its free end. This axial extension arrangement includes at least one axial extension 419. At least some or all of axial extensions 419 extend axially from the free end of radial extension 404. This extension can be in a direction toward or away from the filtration medium, as shown in Figure 3. Also, a radial extension arrangement can be absent, as shown in the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5.

[0140] In a preferred embodiment, at least one side surface of at least one extension 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403 is tapered in the axial direction by an angle α, such that the top opening angle of the at least one extension is greater than the bottom opening angle of the at least one extension. Preferably, the taper angle is between 5 and 45°, more preferably between 10 and 30°. In a preferred embodiment, both sides of every extension 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403 are tapered (angle α and angle β ( FIG. 5 )). However, the taper for a single extension 404 may be symmetric, with both sides tapered at the same taper angle, or asymmetric, with both sides tapered at different angles. Furthermore, the taper profile may be the same for every extension 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403, or the taper profile may be different for one or more extensions 404 of the extension arrangement 403.

[0141] Each of the above-mentioned variations in extension thickness, axial extension, and extension taper can be used alone or in any combination, and in any combination with variations in the number of radial extensions, extension angular spacing, or extension opening angle, to differentiate filter cartridge 400 for different applications, different markets, or different products.

[0142] The embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 illustrates the presence of axial openings 411 through the first end cap 401. These openings extend axially completely through the first end cap 401, allowing fluid to pass from a volume above the first end cap 401 to a volume below the first end cap 401. These openings 411 do not overlap the filtration media 407 at the axial projection. Preferably, these openings 411 may be located in the radial extension 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403. These openings 411 may have an elongated shape to balance optimal cross-section and corresponding flow-through with available radial extension. Preferably, these openings 411 are sufficiently large and well-distributed across the first end cap 401 to allow the passage of fluids intended for filtration by the filter cartridge 400 at the intended / predetermined flow rate under the intended pressure drop.

[0143] The embodiment of FIG. 4 illustrates the presence of alignment tabs 413 on the underside of radial extension arrangement 403, which extend axially toward the second end of filtration media 407. There are at least three alignment tabs 413. In some embodiments, there may be more alignment tabs 413. The at least three alignment tabs 413 are located on a circle having a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of radial extension arrangement 403. The at least three alignment tabs 413 are located on a circle having a diameter larger than the maximum outer diameter of filtration media 407. Preferably, the circle on which the alignment tabs 413 are located has second longitudinal axis 409 as its axis of rotation. Preferably, the alignment tabs are 5 to 40 mm long, more preferably 10 to 20 mm long. Preferably, the alignment tabs are arranged at regular angular intervals. The alignment tabs initially assist in centering the filter cartridge within the bowl / housing main portion.

[0144] The embodiment of FIG. 3 includes a male third threaded portion 405 on the radially outer surface 406 of the radial extension arrangement 403. The third threaded portion 405 has a pitch and helix angle different from zero. Preferably, the pitch is between 0.5 and 4 mm. More preferably, the pitch is between 1 and 3 mm. Preferably, the third threaded portion 405 includes a single-start thread. Preferably, the third threaded portion 405 includes two or more helical windings of the single-start thread. The thread is continuous throughout the radial extension arrangement 403. Where the radial extension arrangement 403 includes multiple separate radial extensions 404, the thread of the third threaded portion 405 of the radial extension 404 is part of a continuous thread that wraps around the entire radial extension arrangement 403. Thus, the third threaded portion 405 is of the type used in a screw-type fitting and not of the type used in a bayonet fitting, however, the presence of the third threaded portion 405 of the radial extension arrangement 403 is not mandatory for the present disclosure.

[0145] In some embodiments of a filter cartridge 400 according to the present disclosure, a portion of the radial extension arrangement 403 can be moved axially up and down relative to the central portion 402 or the annular portion 426 of the first end cap 401. FIG. 17a shows a perspective view of such an embodiment, and FIG. 17b shows a cross-section. For example, the axial movement can be achieved by sliding the ring structure 427 of the radial extension arrangement 403 over the annular portion 426 of the end cap. Preferably, the axial movement is permitted over a limited distance. More preferably, the axial movement is limited to a range of 1 to 20 mm. Preferably, the axial movement does not disengage the ring structure 427 of the radial extension arrangement 403 from the annular portion 426. To limit the range of axial movement and prevent disengagement of the ring structure 427 from the annular portion 426, the end cap 401 or the annular portion 426 can be provided with upper and lower abutment surfaces 425.

[0146] In some embodiments, there is a leading edge for each thread start on the filter cartridge 400 to compensate for small misalignments between the cartridge 400 and the housing main portion 300 and to avoid damaging the thread configuration of the cartridge 400 (e.g., to avoid sharp edges).

[0147] In some embodiments, one or more radial extensions 404 have a combined angular extent (i.e., circumferential length) about longitudinal axis 409 of at least 20° but less than 340°. That is, there may be only a single radial extension 404, in which case it will have an angular extent of at least 20° but less than 340°. Alternatively, there may be two radial extensions 404, in which case they will together have a combined angular extent of at least 20° but less than 340° (e.g., one 15°, one 5°, etc.). Alternatively, there may be three radial extensions 404, in which case they will together have a combined angular extent of at least 20° but less than 340° (e.g., one 10°, two 5°, etc.). In some examples, the one or more radial extensions 404 include a total angular range about the longitudinal axis 409 of at least 60°, at least 120°, at least 180°, and at least 270°. In some examples, the one or more radial extensions 404 include a total angular range about the longitudinal axis 409 of less than 300°.

[0148] Filter assembly: Interaction between the main housing and the cartridge FIG. 1 provides a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a filter assembly according to the present disclosure. Only a partial assembly is shown in FIG. 1 , including a filter bowl / housing main portion 300 and a filter cartridge 400, but lacking a filter head / housing end portion 200. The filter bowl 300 shown in assembly is identical to the bowl described in the context of FIG. 2, and the filter cartridge 400 shown in assembly is identical to the cartridge described in the context of FIG. 3. Accordingly, for details regarding the individual features of bowl 300 or cartridge 400, the reader is referred to the appropriate sections of this document.

[0149] According to the present disclosure, radial extension arrangement 403 of filter cartridge 400 is adapted to be received by recess arrangement 306 of filter bowl 300. Preferably, first longitudinal axis 301 and second longitudinal axis 409 are coincident when radial extension arrangement 403 of filter cartridge 400 is received by recess arrangement 306 of filter bowl 300.

[0150] In the embodiment of Figure 1, the number of radial extensions 404 is equal to the number of recesses 307. This is not necessarily true for other embodiments of the present disclosure. Moreover, extension angular spacing 416 is equal to recess angular spacing 311, and extensions 404 completely fill recesses 307 in both the radial (angular) and axial directions. This is not necessarily true for all embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 12 shows an alternative way in which one recess 307 can receive one or more radial extensions 404.

[0151] 12(a), the thickness of extension 404 at its distal end (optionally including recess axial extension 419) is equal to recess depth 310 of recess 307 in which extension 404 is received. Extension top opening angle 417 is smaller than recess top opening angle 313, such that extension 404 can be axially received by recess 307. Preferably, the relationship between both opening angles is such that extension 404 fills at least 50% of the angular range of recess 307. More preferably, the relationship between both opening angles is such that extension 404 fills as much of the angular range of recess 307 as possible, within manufacturing tolerances.

[0152] In FIG. 12( b), the thickness of extension 404 at its tip (optionally including recess axial extension 419) is equal to recess depth 310 of recess 307 in which extension 404 is received. Extension top opening angle 417 and extension angular spacing 416 are sufficiently smaller than recess top opening angle 313 such that multiple extensions 404 can be axially received by a single recess 307. Preferably, the relationship between the angles is such that extensions 404 fill at least 50% of the angular extent of recess 307. More preferably, the relationship between the angles is such that both outermost extensions of extension 404 received by recess 307 are located as close as possible to side surface 312 of recess 307, within manufacturing tolerances.

[0153] In Figure 12(c), the thickness of extension 404 at its tip (optionally including axial extension 419 of the recess) is less than the recess depth 310 of recess 307 in which extension 404 is received. Preferably, the thickness of the extension is no more than 10% less than the recess depth. In Figure 12(d), the thickness of extension 404 or axial extension 419 of the recess at its tip is greater than the recess depth 310 of recess 307 in which extension 404 is received. Preferably, the thickness of the extension is no more than 10% greater than the recess depth.

[0154] Although situations (a)-(d) have been described separately, they can also be combined. For example, a single recess 307 can receive multiple extensions 404, all of which have a thickness less than the recess depth.

[0155] A single assembly may include any combination of the interactions described above. For example, one recess 307 may receive a single extension 404, while another recess 307 may receive multiple extensions 404. Moreover, within the same assembly, recess depth 310 may vary between recesses 307 of recess arrangement 306, and thickness may vary between radial extensions 404 of radial extension arrangement 403. The variations in the interactions between the bowl / housing main portion and cartridge mentioned above may be used to differentiate filter assemblies for different applications, different markets, or different products.

[0156] In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , the first and second taper angles 315 and 317 are equal to zero for every recess 307 of the recess arrangement. Similarly, the taper angle of every extension 404 of the radial extension arrangement 403 is equal to zero. In contrast, in the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6 , the taper angles of all recesses and extensions are equal and different from zero. In cases where the taper angle is not zero, it is preferred that the taper angle 315 of a recess 307 is less than or equal to the taper angle of the extension 404 received by the recess 307, and this applies to all recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306 and all corresponding extensions 404 of the extension arrangement 403. More preferably, the taper angle 315 of a recess is equal to the taper angle of the extension 404 received by the recess, and this applies to all recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306 and all corresponding extensions 404 of the extension arrangement 403. Preferably, both sides of both the recesses 307 and the extensions 404 are tapered, although the taper for each extension 404 or recess 307 may be asymmetric. Preferably, every recess 307 of the recess arrangement 306 and every extension 404 of the extension arrangement 403 are tapered. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present disclosure that the presence of one or more tapered recesses 307 in the recess arrangement 306 facilitates the reception of the extension arrangement 403 by the recess arrangement 306 and allows for easier radial alignment of the extension arrangement 403 within the recess arrangement 306.

[0157] In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 , 5 , and 6 , the diameter of central portion 402 of first end cap 401 of filter cartridge 400 is smaller than the inner diameter of upper rim 304 of filter bowl 300. This difference in diameter creates an axial gap between annular portion 426 of first end cap 401 and upper rim 304 over an angular interval not covered by extension arrangement 403. The axial gap allows fluid to pass from a volume above first end cap 401 to a volume within filter bowl 300 below first end cap 401. Radial extension arrangement 403 includes axial openings 411. Preferably, these openings 411 do not overlap upper rim 304 at the axial projection. Preferably, these openings 411 cover more than 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% of the top surface of extension arrangement 403. It is an advantage of the present disclosure that, due to the presence of opening 411, the rate of fluid flow from the volume above first end cap 401 to the volume within filter bowl 300 below first end cap 401 is not impeded by the presence of extension arrangement 403 in any configuration.

[0158] 5 illustrates the role of alignment tabs 413. In the illustrated embodiment, three or more alignment tabs 413 are located on a circle having a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of upper rim 304. Preferably, alignment tabs 413 are sized such that when extension arrangement 403 is received by recess arrangement 306, all alignment tabs 413 contact the inside of first end 303 of filter bowl 300. Preferably, alignment tabs 413 are positioned such that when extension arrangement 403 is received by recess arrangement 306, first longitudinal axis 301 is aligned with second longitudinal axis 409. It is an advantage of the present disclosure that alignment tabs 413 allow for automatic axial alignment, for example, centering of filter cartridge 400 within filter bowl 300.

[0159] 1 , 5 , and 6 , filter cartridge 400 includes a male third threaded portion 405 on a radially outer surface 406 of radial extension arrangement 403. This third threaded portion 405 is configured to be complementary to first threaded portion 305 of first end 303 of filter bowl 300. This complementarity can be explained as follows: When radial extension arrangement 403 is received by recess arrangement 306, the threads on third threaded portion 405, together with the threads on the first threaded portion, form a continuous thread that wraps around the entire first end 303. When radial extension arrangement 403 is received by recess arrangement 306, first threaded portion 305 and second threaded portion 405 together form a complete threaded portion of the type used in a screw-type fitting. In other embodiments, extensions 404 of extension arrangement 403 do not necessarily fill the entire angular range of all recesses 307 of recess arrangement 306 when extension arrangement 403 is received by recess arrangement 306. Also, in these embodiments, third threaded portion 405 is configured to be complementary to first threaded portion 305 of first end 303 of filter bowl 300 such that the threads on third threaded portion 405, together with the threads on the first threaded portion, form part of a continuous thread that wraps around the entire first end 303. Nevertheless, for the present disclosure, it is preferred when extensions 404 of extension arrangement 403, when received by recess arrangement 306, fill as much of the angular range of all recesses 307 of recess arrangement 306 as possible, within manufacturing tolerances.

[0160] In the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 5, and 6, the first threaded portion 305 and the third threaded portion 405 have the same thread pitch and helix angle. Moreover, the first threaded portion 305 and the third threaded portion 405 include the same amount of threads so that their leads are equal. Their thread angles, minor diameters, and major diameters may be different. However, the major diameter of both the first threaded portion and the third threaded portion is always larger than the minor diameter of both the first threaded portion and the third threaded portion. Preferably, the thread angles, minor diameters, and major diameters of the first threaded portion and the third threaded portion are approximately equal, within manufacturing tolerances.

[0161] In some embodiments according to the present disclosure, the radial extension arrangement 403 of the filter cartridge 400 does not include a third threaded portion 405 on its radially outer surface 406. In these embodiments, it is preferred when the diameter of the radially outer surface 406 is equal to or slightly larger than the major diameter of the first threaded portion 305.

[0162] 20 displays a partial filter assembly including a filter housing main portion 300 and a filter cartridge 400 according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure. In this preferred embodiment, the radial extension arrangement 403 includes a single radial extension 404. The single radial extension 404 covers an angular range about the second longitudinal axis 409 that is greater than 270° and less than 360°. The recess arrangement 306 includes a single recess 307. The single recess 307 covers an angular range about the first longitudinal axis 301 that is greater than or equal to the angular range of the radial extension 404 such that the extension 404 is received by the recess 307. Preferably, the angular ranges of the single extension 404 and the single recess 307 are adapted so that they are equal.

[0163] In this preferred embodiment, the first taper angle 315 is different from the second taper angle 317. Preferably, the first taper angle 315 is less than 10°. Preferably, the second taper angle 317 is greater than 45° or greater than 60°. The taper angles of the radial extension 404 are adapted so that the corresponding taper angles of the extension 404 and the recess 307 are complementary.

[0164] In this preferred embodiment, the height of the single radial extension 404 is equal to the depth 310 of the recess 307. Moreover, the third threaded portion 405 complements the first threaded portion 305 and includes the start of the thread. In other embodiments, the start of the thread 305' (FIGS. 30 and 31) is on the first threaded portion 305 of the filter bowl 300.

[0165] As a result of the complementarity between their respective angular ranges, taper angles, heights / depths and threaded portions, when the filter cartridge 400 is received by the filter housing main portion 300, the single radial extension 404 and the uninterrupted section 308 of the first end 303 together complete the first end 303, including the threads and upper edge 304.

[0166] Filter assembly: Interaction with filter housing end The embodiment of FIG. 7 displays a filter assembly including filter head / housing end 200, filter bowl 300, and filter cartridge 400 according to the present disclosure. In this assembly, filter cartridge 400 is received by filter bowl 300 through reception of radial extension arrangement 403 by recess arrangement 306. This reception has been described in the context of FIGS. 1, 5, and 6. Therefore, the reader is referred to the appropriate sections of this document for details regarding the reception of filter cartridge 400 by filter bowl 300. Filter bowl 300 shown in the assembly is identical to the bowl described in the context of FIGS. 5 and 6, and filter cartridge 400 shown in the assembly is identical to the cartridge described in the context of FIGS. 4, 5, and 6. Therefore, the reader is referred to the appropriate sections of this document for details regarding the individual features of bowl 300 or cartridge 400.

[0167] The filter head 200 includes a second end 201 including a female second threaded portion 202. Preferably, the filter head 200 is made of metal (e.g., aluminum). The second end 201 is adapted to receive the first end 303 of the filter bowl 300. This is achieved by receiving the first threaded portion 305 of the first end 303 with the matching second threaded portion 202 of the second end 201 through a thread-type connection. To this end, the second threaded portion 202 has the same thread pitch and helix angle as the first threaded portion 305 of the first end 303 of the filter bowl. Furthermore, the first threaded portion 305 and the second threaded portion 202 include the same amount of threads so that their leads are equal. The thread angle, minor diameter, and major diameter of the first and second threaded portions can be different. However, the minor diameter of second threaded portion 202 is preferably larger than the minor diameter of first threaded portion 305. Also, the major diameter of second threaded portion 202 is preferably larger than the major diameter of first threaded portion 305. Preferably, the thread angles of the first and second threaded portions are equal.

[0168] Filter head 200 includes outlet (or inlet, depending on the system configuration) duct 207. When filter head 200 receives filter bowl 300 and filter cartridge 400, outlet duct 207 is axially inserted into main opening 410 of filter cartridge first end cap 401. The outer diameter of outlet duct 207 is adapted so that when filter head 200 receives filter bowl 300 and filter cartridge 400, the outlet duct radially compresses seal 415. In an embodiment, first end cap 401 may include axially extending outlet duct 414, with a radial seal disposed on its radially outer surface. In this case, outlet duct 414 is axially inserted into outlet duct 207 when filter head 200 receives filter bowl 300 and filter cartridge 400. In this case, the inner diameter of the outlet duct 207 is adapted so that the inlet duct radially compresses the seal 415 .

[0169] Filter head 200 includes an abutment surface 204. When filter bowl 300 is received by filter head 200, abutment surface 204 overlaps upper edge 304 of first end 303 of filter bowl 300 at the axial projection. When abutment surface 204 contacts upper edge 304, filter bowl 300 is maximally received by filter head 200. In this situation, second end 202 extends axially below radial seal 316. The inner diameter of second end 202 is adapted so that end 202 radially compresses seal 316 in this position.

[0170] When both the filter bowl 300 and the filter cartridge 400 are received by the filter head 200 and the abutment surface 204 contacts the upper rim 304 and the radial extension arrangement 403, the filter bowl 300 and the filter cartridge 400 are maximally received by the filter head 200. In embodiments in which the radial extension arrangement 403 protrudes axially above the upper rim 304 when the filter cartridge 400 is received by the filter bowl 300, the radial extension arrangement 403 is axially compressed when the filter bowl 300 and the filter cartridge 400 are maximally received by the filter head 200.

[0171] When filter head 200 fully accommodates filter bowl 300 and filter cartridge 400, two separate internal volumes are created in the filter assembly. The first volume is defined by filter head inlet 205, the space between filter head 200 and the top of first end cap 401, and flow annulus 208 between the inner diameter of filter bowl 300 and the outer diameter of filtration media 407. The second volume is defined by open filter interior 408, outlet duct 207, and filter head outlet 206. Both volumes are separated by filtration media 407, such that fluid can only pass from one volume to the other by flowing through filtration media 407. When filter head inlet 205 is connected to a fluid source, fluid flows into the space between filter head 200 and the top of first end cap 401. The fluid then enters the flow annulus 208 through the open space between the inner diameter of the first end 303 and the annular portion 426 or through the flow openings 411. After passing through the filtration media 407, the fluid flows through the main opening 410 and finally through the filter head outlet 206. The roles of the inlets and outlets and the direction of fluid flow can be reversed.

[0172] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , the radial extension arrangement 403 includes a third threaded portion 405 on its radially outer surface 406. As described above, this third threaded portion 405 is configured to be complementary to the first threaded portion 305. This third threaded portion 405 is also configured to mate with the second threaded portion 202. To this end, the third threaded portion 405 of the radial extension arrangement 403 has the same thread pitch and helix angle as the second threaded portion 202 of the second end 202 of the filter head 200. Moreover, the third threaded portion 405 and the second threaded portion 202 include the same amount of threads so that their leads are equal. The thread angle, minor diameter, and major diameter of the third threaded portion and the second threaded portion may be different. However, the minor diameter of the second threaded portion 202 is always larger than the minor diameter of the third threaded portion 405. Also, the major diameter of the second threaded portion 202 is always larger than the major diameter of the third threaded portion 405. Preferably, the thread angles of the third threaded portion and the second threaded portion are equal. Upon completion of a filter assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first threaded portion 305 of the first end 303 and the second threaded portion 405 of the radial extension arrangement 403 are received by the matching second threaded portion 202 of the second end 201 through a thread-type connection.

[0173] It is an advantage of embodiments according to the present disclosure that completing a filter assembly can be difficult without the correct filter cartridge 400 (whose radial extension arrangement 403 can be received by the recess arrangement 306 of the filter bowl 300 and whose third threaded portion 405 is complementary to the first threaded portion 305 of the filter bowl 300 while also mating with the second threaded portion 202 of the filter head).

[0174] In the event that the wrong type of filter cartridge is present, the screw-type assembly cannot be completed without applying excessive force. This serves as a precaution against using the wrong type of filter cartridge.

[0175] In the event that a filter cartridge of the correct type is present but with a misaligned or misinserted filter cartridge, the screw-type assembly cannot be completed without the application of excessive force. This serves as a precaution against use of the filter assembly with an improperly oriented or inserted filter cartridge.

[0176] In the case where there is no filter cartridge, the screw-type assembly is difficult to complete due to the presence of an incompletely threaded portion of the bowl-cartridge assembly. This effect can be enhanced by locating the beginning of the male thread on the third threaded portion 405. In this case, the screw-type assembly cannot be completed without perfect horizontal and axial alignment of the housing main portion with the housing end portion to allow the threading action to begin correctly. This serves as a precaution against completing the filter assembly without a filter cartridge inserted.

[0177] It is an advantage of embodiments according to the present disclosure that filter cartridge 400 is automatically removed from filter head 200 when filter bowl 300 is unscrewed due to both the interaction between radial extension arrangement 403 and recess arrangement 306 and the interaction between second threaded portion 202 and third threaded portion 305. Moreover, cartridge 400 remains removably attached to bowl 300 due to the interaction between radial extension arrangement 403 and recess arrangement 306.

[0178] If cartridge 400 remains removably attached to bowl 300, any liquid remaining in the filter assembly after draining will drip into the bowl and can be conveniently disposed of once the bowl is removed from the system, thereby allowing for clean servicing of the system.

[0179] When cartridge 400 remains removably attached to bowl 300, servicing the filter assembly does not require any extra axial clearance beyond the axial travel distance of the threaded assembly. This is in contrast to filter assemblies in which the cartridge does not remain removably attached to the bowl, which require an axial clearance equal to the axial travel distance of the threaded assembly plus the axial length of the filter cartridge. Because liquid filters are often installed in tight spaces, such as the motor compartment of a vehicle, such a reduction in the amount of clearance required is highly beneficial from a design, manufacturing, and maintenance standpoint.

[0180] In some embodiments according to the present disclosure, the radial extension arrangement 403 does not include a third threaded portion 405 on its radially outer surface 406. In these embodiments, the radial extension arrangement 403 includes a threadable material portion that makes up the radially outer surface 406. An example of such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 18 . Preferably, the threadable material portion covers the entire outer surface 406. The material from which the threadable material portion is made is preferably softer than the material of the second threaded portion 202. Preferably, the material from which the threadable material portion is made is a soft plastic. Preferably, the radially inner diameter of the threadable material portion is smaller than the minor diameter of the second threaded portion 202. Preferably, the radially outer diameter of the threadable material portion is larger than the minor diameter of the second threaded portion 202. Preferably, the radially outer diameter of the threadable material portion is smaller than the major diameter of the second threaded portion 202.

[0181] The reception of the filter cartridge 400 by the filter bowl 300 is not modified by the presence of the threadable material portion. Upon completion of the filter assembly by receiving the filter cartridge 400 and filter bowl 300 by the filter head 200, the second threaded portion 202 carves a matching male threaded portion from the threadable material portion. This carving process is shown in FIG. 19 , where the filter head 200 is partially threaded onto the filter cartridge 400 and filter bowl 300. Preferably, the material from which the threadable material portion is constructed is sufficiently soft so that the assembly can be easily completed by hand.

[0182] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiment including the threadable material portion retains similar advantages as the embodiment including the third threaded portion 405 .

[0183] In the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, filter head 200 includes a spring-loaded sliding pin 203 that projects axially downward, away from filter head 200. Slide pin 203 is positioned to overlap upper edge 304 of filter bowl 300 at its axial projection. If completion of the filter assembly is attempted in the absence of a suitable filter cartridge 400, sliding pin 203 will extend into the first encountered recess 307 of recess arrangement 306, as shown in FIG. 8, thereby preventing further completion of the screw-type assembly. In the presence of a suitable filter cartridge 400, the sliding pin will stop at upper edge 304 or the top of radial extension arrangement 403, as shown in FIG. 9, thereby not preventing further completion of the screw-type assembly. Preferably, the bottom axial surface of sliding pin 203 is wide enough not to fit into the gap between recess arrangement 306 and radial extension arrangement 403 within manufacturing tolerances. The sliding pin mechanism therefore serves as an added precaution to ensure that the filter assembly cannot be completed without the appropriate filter cartridge 400 .

[0184] Figure 21 shows another view of spring-loaded sliding pin 203. A cross section of pin 203 can be seen in Figure 21. Pin 203 has an open channel 233 that extends its length from terminal end 234 through pin head 236 (which engages spring 238), which helps prevent airlocks when connecting filter head 200 and filter bowl 300.

[0185] In embodiments including a sliding pin mechanism, all recesses 307 in recess arrangement 306 are preferably asymmetrically tapered. The clockwise side of each recess 307 preferably has a negligible first taper angle 315, preferably less than 10°, so that the sliding pin 203 cannot ride up onto the clockwise side when tightening the screw-type connection. In this manner, further completion of the filter assembly without filter cartridge 400 is ensured. The counterclockwise side of each recess 307 preferably has a substantial second taper angle 317, preferably greater than 45°, so that the sliding pin 203 can ride up onto the counterclockwise side when loosening the screw-type connection. In this manner, the filter assembly can be loosened again when fitted without filter cartridge 400.

[0186] 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the blocking mechanism in which, in the absence of a suitable filter cartridge, the blocking function is ensured by the presence of a leaf spring 209 that protrudes axially downward, away from the filter head 200. The leaf spring 209 is positioned so that its axial protrusion overlaps the upper edge 304 of the filter bowl 300. If an attempt is made to complete the filter assembly without a suitable filter cartridge 400, the leaf spring 209 extends into the first encountered recess 307 of the recess arrangement 306, thereby preventing further completion of the screw-type assembly. In the presence of a suitable filter cartridge 400, the sliding pin stops on the upper edge 304 or at the top of the radial extension arrangement 403, thereby not preventing further completion of the screw-type assembly. Preferably, the bottom axial surface of the leaf spring 209 is wide enough not to fit into the gap between the recess arrangement 306 and the radial extension arrangement 403 within manufacturing tolerances. The leaf spring mechanism therefore serves as an added precaution to ensure that the filter assembly cannot be completed without the appropriate filter cartridge 400 .

[0187] An advantage of the leaf spring embodiment over the sliding pin embodiment is that the correct functioning of the leaf spring mechanism does not depend on the asymmetrical taper of all recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306. In the tightening direction, the leaf spring 209 will fit into any recess that is larger than its axial bottom surface, and in the loosening direction, the leaf spring 209 will never fit.

[0188] It is an advantage of the preferred embodiment according to FIG. 20 that in the presence of a single recess 307 with an angular extent greater than 270°, it is nearly impossible to assemble the filter assembly without a filter cartridge, even in the absence of additional preventive mechanisms such as a spring-loaded sliding pin 203 or a leaf spring 209.

[0189] Figures 22-27 show what happens when filter bowl 300 is installed in filter head 200 without filter cartridge 400 installed within bowl 300. In Figures 22 and 23, end 234 of pin 203 abuts against upper edge 304 of bowl 300. In Figures 24 and 25, end 234 of pin 203 protrudes into recess 307 of recess arrangement 306, and side 312 of recess 307 blocks movement of pin 203, preventing further rotation of bowl 300. In Figures 26 and 27, bowl 300 has been removed from filter head 200, and pin 203 rides up side 312. Side 312 is at an angle of approximately 70°.

[0190] 28, 29, 31 and 32, the recess arrangement 306 includes no more than two recesses 307. Two threaded portions 305 are alternately arranged with the recesses 307. In FIG. 29, two radially extending portions 403 of the cartridge 400 can be seen with two recesses 307.

[0191] Top-loading filter assembly The embodiment of Figure 15 displays a top-loading type filter assembly according to the present disclosure, including a filter housing end portion 200, a filter housing main portion 300, and a filter cartridge 400. In this assembly, the filter cartridge 400 is received by the filter housing main portion 300 through reception of the radial extension arrangement 403 by the recess arrangement 306. This reception has been described in the context of Figures 1, 5, and 6. Accordingly, the reader is referred to the appropriate sections of this document for details regarding the reception of the filter cartridge 400 by the filter housing main portion 300.

[0192] The embodiment of filter housing main part 300 shown in assembly is intended for use in a top-loading type assembly and therefore differs from the embodiment of filter housing main part 300 intended for use in a bottom-loading type assembly described in the context of Figure 7. The main difference between both filter housing main part embodiments is that, in the case of the embodiment intended for top-loading use, filter housing main part 300 includes inlet (or outlet, depending on the configuration of the system) duct 318 and outlet (or inlet, depending on the configuration of the system) duct 319.

[0193] The embodiment of filter housing main section 300 in Figure 15 shows an air vent 320 located concentrically with outlet duct 319. Such an air vent is not specific to or required for top-loaded embodiments and may also be present in bottom-loaded embodiments.

[0194] The embodiment of filter cartridge 400 shown in assembly is intended for use in a top-loading type assembly and therefore differs from the embodiment of filter cartridge 400 intended for use in a bottom-loading type assembly described in the context of Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The primary difference between both filter cartridge embodiments is that, in the case of the embodiment intended for top-loading applications, filter cartridge 400 includes an outlet (or inlet, depending on the configuration of the system) duct 414 in its second end cap 420 rather than its first end cap 401.

[0195] The embodiment of filter cartridge 400 in Figure 15 shows a filtration media support structure 421 inserted into the open filter interior 408 to mechanically support the filtration media 407. Such a support structure is not specific to or required for top-loaded embodiments and may also be present in bottom-loaded embodiments.

[0196] The embodiment of filter cartridge 400 in Figure 15 also shows a central air duct 422 that is enclosed from the open filter interior 408 and extends through the first and second end caps of filter cartridge 400. Central air duct 422 includes air duct openings 423 at both ends. Again, such an air duct is not specific to or required for top-loaded embodiments and may also be present in bottom-loaded embodiments.

[0197] 15 embodiment, the filter cartridge 400 is received by the filter housing main section 300 not only through reception of the radial extension arrangement 403 by the recess arrangement 306, but also through insertion of the filter cartridge outlet duct 414 into the inwardly protruding lip 321 of the housing main section outlet duct 319. The inwardly protruding lip 321 radially compresses the lower end cap seal 424 to prevent fluid from flowing to or from the open filter interior 408 through the opening between the lip 321 and the second end cap 420. At the same time, the central air duct 422 is inserted into the air vent lip 321, thereby radially compressing the air vent O-ring seal 322.

[0198] The filter assembly embodiment is completed by threading the filter housing end portion 200 onto the filter housing main portion 300 and filter cartridge 400. This assembly completion is explained in the context of Figure 7, and the reader is referred to that discussion for further details.

[0199] The embodiment of filter housing end 200 shown in assembly is intended for use in a top-loading type assembly and therefore differs from the embodiment of filter housing end 200 intended for use in a bottom-loading type assembly described in the context of Figure 7. The primary difference between both filter housing end embodiments is that, in the case of the embodiment intended for top-loading applications, filter housing end 200 does not include an inlet or outlet for establishing fluid flow.

[0200] The embodiment of the top mounting assembly according to the present disclosure offers significant advantages with regard to clean service of the filter assembly. After removing the filter housing end 200, the filter cartridge 400 can be partially lifted and rotated about its longitudinal axis, with the radial extension arrangement 403 resting on the upper edge 304 and supported by an uninterrupted portion of the first end 303. In this position, the filter cartridge 400 remains mostly inserted into the main filter housing section 300 with the lower end cap seal removed. As a result, any fluid remaining in the open filter interior 408 and flow annulus 208 can be drained through the outlet duct 319 before the filter cartridge is removed from the assembly. Additionally, after removing the filter housing end 200, the end can be inverted upside down, and the filter cartridge 400 can be placed on its second end cap after removal from the main filter housing section 300. Both of these mechanisms contribute to significantly reducing fluid spillage when servicing the filter assembly.

[0201] 16 shows a preferred embodiment of a filter housing main portion 300 and filter cartridge for use in a top-mounted assembly. Preferably, the recess arrangement 306 does not exhibit rotational symmetry, so that a suitable filter cartridge 400 can only be installed in certain positions. Preferably, the recesses 307 of the recess arrangement 306 cover an angular range of the first end 303 greater than 180°, more preferably greater than 270°. Preferably, the recess arrangement 306 includes a single recess 307, which covers an angular range of the first end 303 greater than 180°, more preferably greater than 270°. Preferably, the radial extension arrangement 403 includes a single radial extension 404, which complements the recess 307. The advantage of the single recess 307 covering a large angular range is that it would be very difficult to complete the filter assembly by screwing the filter housing end portion 200 onto the filter housing main portion 300 without a suitable filter cartridge 400. Moreover, the single large extension 404 can be grasped to lift the filter cartridge 400 for servicing. Because the radially outer surface 406 of the extension arrangement 403 is outside the fluid flow path, this surface is clean, allowing the person performing the servicing to keep their hands clean. While the preferences and their associated benefits have been described in the context of an upper mounting assembly, they are equally valid for a lower mounting assembly.

[0202] FIG. 33 illustrates another embodiment of a system incorporating the principles and concepts described above. In FIG. 33, an in-tank filter assembly is generally designated 500. In-tank filter assemblies are often used in heavy-duty applications. Included applications include cooling circuits, fluid regulation systems, lubrication oil systems, process systems, return piping, and side loop systems. Breather filters are used to prevent the ingress of contaminants and water from the surrounding environment into the system in connection with fluctuations in the oil level in the tank. In system 500 of FIG. 33, filter cartridge 502 is shown functioning as the breather filter.

[0203] Filter assembly 500 includes a filter cartridge 502, a housing end or cover 504, and a filter housing main portion or interface 506. Cover 504 is adapted to receive filter cartridge 502 and interface 506 by a rotatable threaded engagement (i.e., screwing).

[0204] The housing end / cover 504 includes a main cover piece 508 and a first enclosure wall 510. The first enclosure wall 510 defines and surrounds a main opening 512.

[0205] Along the radially inner surface of first surrounding wall 510 is a first threaded portion 514. First threaded portion 514 extends radially inward, typically a full 360° along the radially inner surface of first surrounding wall 510.

[0206] Housing end / cover 504 further includes spigot 516. Spigot 516 is shown tubular and extends into cartridge 502, away from the remainder of cover 504. In the embodiment shown, cover 504 seals and engages cartridge 502.

[0207] The cover 504 further includes an airflow passage 518. The airflow passage 518 may allow air to flow through the spigot 516 and through a gap 520 between the cover 504 and the border 506.

[0208] Although various arrangements are possible, in one or more examples, the cover 504 includes a first cover piece 522 and a second cover piece 524 that engage with each other. For example, the cover pieces 522, 524 can be interlocking. The airflow passage 518 can be located between the two cover pieces 522, 524.

[0209] Housing main portion / interface 506 includes a second surrounding wall 526. Second surrounding wall 526 defines an interface opening 528. Interface opening 528 is sized to fit within main opening 512 of cover 504. Second surrounding wall 526 has one or more interface threaded radial extensions 530. Interface threaded radial extensions 530 are adapted to engage first threaded portion 514 of cover 504. One or more interface threaded radial extensions 530 are interrupted by one or more recesses therebetween.

[0210] In a preferred embodiment, interface threaded radial extension 530 extends radially outward along second surrounding wall 526. While many different alternative configurations are possible, in one embodiment, interface threaded radial extension 530 has a single recess.

[0211] Typically, interface threaded radial extension 530 extends less than 360°, and frequently less than 270°. In examples, interface threaded radial extension 530 extends between 45° and 120°, and in some preferred examples, interface threaded radial extension 530 extends approximately 90°.

[0212] The filter cartridge 502 includes media 532. The media 532 may be pleated media formed into a cylindrical shape having an open filter interior 534.

[0213] A first end cap 536 is connected to the media 532. The first end cap 536 includes a central portion 538, which is an opening. The opening in the central portion 538 is sized to engage with the spigot 516. In the example shown, the spigot 516 extends into and against the central portion 538 of the end cap 536.

[0214] First end cap 536 further includes one or more cartridge radial extensions 540. Cartridge radial extensions 540 are adapted to threadably mate with first threaded portion 514 of cover 504. Cartridge radial extensions 540 are interrupted by one or more recesses therebetween. Cartridge 502 is sized to be removably oriented in interface opening 528.

[0215] 33, the cartridge radial extension 540 is directed radially outward. Preferably, the interface threaded radial extension 530 and the cartridge radial extension 540 radially abut a common cylindrical surface. In the example shown, the interface threaded radial extension 530 and the cartridge radial extension 540 both engage with the first threaded portion 514 of the cover 504.

[0216] The filter cartridge 502 may further include a splash deflector 542. The splash deflector 542 is located at the end of the filter cartridge 502 opposite the first end cap 536. The splash deflector 542 may extend at least partially along the outer diameter of the media 532 (but not all the way to the first end cap 536).

[0217] The cartridge radial extension 540 can be interrupted by only one recess. In many instances, the cartridge radial extension 540 extends less than 360° but more than 90°. In many instances, the cartridge radial extension 540 extends between 180° and 300°. In one example, the cartridge radial extension 540 extends approximately 270°.

[0218] The breather filter cartridge 502 can be serviced by removing it from the cover 504 and replacing it with a new filter cartridge 502 .

[0219] Aspects Aspect 1. A filter assembly including a filter cartridge, a filter housing end portion, and a filter housing main portion, wherein the filter housing main portion is adapted to receive the filter cartridge and be connected to the filter housing end portion by threading, the filter housing main portion including a first longitudinal axis and a main opening, the main opening being defined by a first end portion, the first end portion including an upper interrupted edge and a first threaded portion disposed below the upper edge, the filter cartridge including a filtration medium and including a second longitudinal axis and a first end cap connected to the filtration medium, the first end cap including a central portion and a radial extension arrangement including one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion.

[0220] Aspect 2. The filter assembly of aspect 1, wherein the filter housing end includes a second threaded portion for receiving the filter housing main portion by at least the first threaded portion.

[0221] Aspect 3. The filter assembly of Aspect 1 or Aspect 2, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes only one radial extension.

[0222] Embodiment 4. The filter assembly of embodiment 3, wherein the radial extension includes an angular extent about the second longitudinal axis that is greater than 180°, preferably greater than 270°.

[0223] Aspect 5. The filter assembly of Aspect 1 or Aspect 2, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes at least two radial extensions.

[0224] Embodiment 6. The filter assembly of embodiment 5, wherein the at least two radially extending portions are arranged at irregular angular intervals.

[0225] Embodiment 7. The filter assembly of any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the first end includes a recess arrangement including one or more axially extending recesses, the one or more axially extending recesses interrupting the first threaded portion, and the radially extending portion arrangement is adapted to be received by the recess arrangement.

[0226] Embodiment 8. The filter assembly of embodiment 7, wherein the recess arrangement comprises one recess.

[0227] Embodiment 9. The filter assembly of embodiment 7 or 8, wherein the recess arrangement comprises at least two recesses.

[0228] Embodiment 10. The filter assembly of any one of Embodiments 7-9, wherein the number of axial recesses is equal to the number of radial extensions.

[0229] Aspect 11. The filter assembly of any one of Aspects 7 to 10, wherein when the filter cartridge is received by the filter housing main portion in an installed state of the assembly, the radially extending portions have an axial extent equal to the height of the respective recesses.

[0230] Aspect 12. The filter assembly of any one of Aspects 7 to 11, wherein the radially extending portions have an axial extent that is less than the height of the respective recesses when the filter cartridge is received by the filter housing main portion in an installed state of the assembly.

[0231] Aspect 13. The filter assembly of any one of Aspects 1-12, wherein the radially extending portion of at least one of the filter cartridges further comprises one or more through openings for allowing fluid therethrough.

[0232] Aspect 14. The filter assembly of any one of Aspects 7-12, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes a third threaded portion on a cylindrical surface, the third threaded portion configured to complement the first threaded portion, such that when the recess arrangement receives the radial extension arrangement, a continuous radial thread is formed over at least a portion, preferably the entire axial extent, of the first threaded portion.

[0233] Embodiment 15. The filter assembly of any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes a third threaded portion configured to radially partially complement the first threaded portion.

[0234] Aspect 16. The filter assembly of Aspect 14 or 15, wherein the start of the complete thread is located on the radial extension arrangement.

[0235] Aspect 17. The filter assembly of Aspects 14 or 15, wherein the start of the complete thread is located on the first threaded portion of the housing main portion.

[0236] Embodiment 18. The filter assembly of any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the cylindrical surface of the radial extension arrangement comprises a deformable material, the deformable material being softer than the material of which the second threaded portion is constructed, and the deformable material having a radial thickness greater than the thread depth of the second threaded portion.

[0237] Aspect 19. The filter assembly of any one of Aspects 1-18, wherein the filter housing end includes a spring-loaded sliding pin that is positioned to protrude into one of the recesses when the filter housing main section is threaded onto the filter housing end in the absence of the filter cartridge, thereby preventing the filter housing main section from being fully threaded onto the filter housing end in the absence of the filter cartridge.

[0238] Aspect 20. The filter assembly of any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein the filter housing end includes a leaf spring, the leaf spring being positioned to protrude into one of the recesses when the filter housing main part is screwed onto the filter housing end in the absence of the filter cartridge, thereby preventing the filter housing main part from being fully screwed onto the filter housing end in the absence of the filter cartridge.

[0239] Embodiment 21. The filter assembly of any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the outer diameter of the radial extension arrangement comprises 95-100% of the outer diameter of the main opening of the main portion.

[0240] Aspect 22. A filter cartridge for use in a filter housing main section, the filter cartridge having a longitudinal axis and including: a filtration media surrounding an open filter interior; 10. A filter cartridge comprising: the filtration medium having first and second opposite ends; and a first end cap at one end of the filtration medium, the first end cap comprising a central portion and a radial extension arrangement comprising one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion, the one or more radial extensions having a total angular extent about the longitudinal axis of at least 20 degrees but less than 340 degrees.

[0241] Aspect 23. The filter cartridge of Aspect 22, wherein the one or more radial extensions include a total angular extent about the longitudinal axis of at least 60 degrees.

[0242] Aspect 24. The filter cartridge of Aspect 22, wherein the one or more radial extensions include a total angular extent about the longitudinal axis of at least 120 degrees.

[0243] Aspect 25. The filter cartridge of Aspect 22, wherein the one or more radial extensions include a total angular extent about the longitudinal axis of at least 180 degrees.

[0244] Aspect 26. The filter cartridge of Aspect 22, wherein the one or more radial extensions include a total angular extent about the longitudinal axis of at least 270°.

[0245] Aspect 27. The filter cartridge of Aspect 22, wherein the one or more radial extensions include a total angular extent about the longitudinal axis of less than 300°.

[0246] Embodiment 28. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 22-27, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes a threaded portion.

[0247] Aspect 29. The filter cartridge of Aspect 28, wherein the threaded portion includes a start of a thread.

[0248] Embodiment 30. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 22 to 29, wherein at least a portion of one of the radially extending portions is axially tapered at an angle of 45 to 85 degrees.

[0249] Embodiment 31. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 22-29, wherein at least one of the radially extending portions is axially tapered at an angle of about 70°.

[0250] Embodiment 32. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 22-27, wherein the radial extension arrangement comprises a deformable material.

[0251] Embodiment 33. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 22-27, wherein the radial extension arrangement comprises a threadable material.

[0252] Aspect 34. The filter cartridge of any one of Aspects 22-33, including a main opening through the first end cap, the main opening communicating with the open filter interior and not overlapping the filtration media at an axial projection.

[0253] Embodiment 35. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 22-34, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes only one radial extension.

[0254] Embodiment 36. The filter cartridge of any one of Embodiments 22-34, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes at least two radial extensions.

[0255] Embodiment 37. The filter cartridge of embodiment 36, wherein the at least two radially extending portions are irregularly angularly spaced.

[0256] Embodiment 38. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 2 to 37, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes an axial extension arrangement at a free end thereof.

[0257] Embodiment 39. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 2 to 38, wherein the first end cap includes three or more axially extending radial alignment tabs for alignment with a corresponding inner cylindrical wall of the filter housing main portion, the alignment tabs projecting outward from the first end cap and having a tapered height dimension along the axial direction.

[0258] Embodiment 40. The filter cartridge of any one of embodiments 22 to 39, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes two separate portions, the portions being slidably disposed relative to one another.

[0259] Aspect 41. A method of installing a filter cartridge oriented in a filter housing main portion into a filter housing end portion, comprising: Screwing a filter cartridge oriented in the filter housing main portion into the filter housing end to axially move a pin protruding from the filter housing end A method comprising:

[0260] Aspect 42. The method of Aspect 40, wherein the step of axially moving the pin includes providing an axial force against the pin by the filter cartridge or filter housing main portion.

[0261] Aspect 43. 43. The method of claim 41 or 42, wherein the filter housing main portion includes a first longitudinal axis and a main opening, the main opening being defined by a first end portion including an upper interrupted edge and a first threaded portion disposed below the upper edge, the first end portion including a recess arrangement including one or more axially extending recesses, the one or more axially extending recesses at least partially interrupting the first threaded portion; the filter cartridge includes a filtration medium and also includes a second longitudinal axis and a first end cap connected to the filtration medium, the first end cap including a central portion and a radial extension arrangement including one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion, the radial extension arrangement being adapted to be received by the recess arrangement; and the step of axially moving the pin includes providing an axial force on the pin by one of the upper edges or one of the radial extensions of the filter housing main portion.

[0262] Aspect 44. An in-tank filter assembly including a filter cartridge, a cover, and an interface, wherein the cover is adapted to receive the filter cartridge and the interface by threading, (a) the cover includes a primary opening, the primary opening defined by a first surrounding wall including a first threaded portion along the first surrounding wall, (b) the interface includes an interface opening defined by a second surrounding wall sized to fit within the primary opening, the second surrounding wall having one or more interface threaded radial extensions adapted to engage the first threaded portion, and the one or more interface threaded radial extensions an in-tank filter assembly, wherein (i) the cartridge radial extensions are adapted to threadably engage with a first threaded portion of a cover, (ii) the cartridge radial extensions are interrupted by one or more recesses therebetween, and (iii) the cartridge is removably oriented within the interface opening.

[0263] Embodiment 45. The in-tank filter assembly of embodiment 44, wherein the cover includes a spigot, and wherein the central portion of the first end cap engages with the spigot.

[0264] Embodiment 46. The in-tank filter assembly of embodiment 44 or 45, wherein the first threaded portion along the first surrounding wall is directed radially inward.

[0265] Aspect 47. The in-tank filter assembly of Aspect 46, wherein the interface threaded radial extension and the cartridge radial extension are directed radially outward.

[0266] Embodiment 48. The in-tank filter assembly of any one of Embodiments 44-47, wherein the interface threaded radially extending portion and the cartridge radially extending portion radially abut.

[0267] Embodiment 49. The in-tank filter assembly of any one of embodiments 44-47, wherein the cover includes an airflow passage for allowing air to flow through the spigot and through a gap between the cover and the border.

[0268] Embodiment 50. The in-tank filter assembly of embodiment 49, wherein the cover includes a first cover piece and a second cover piece that engage with each other.

[0269] Embodiment 51. The in-tank filter assembly of any one of embodiments 44-50, further including a splash deflector at an end of the filter cartridge opposite the first end cap.

[0270] Embodiment 52. An in-tank filter assembly described in any one of embodiments 44 to 51, wherein (a) the first threaded portion extends 360 degrees, (b) the interface threaded radial extension portion extends less than 360 degrees, and (c) the cartridge radial extension portion extends less than 360 degrees.

[0271] Embodiment 53. An in-tank filter assembly described in any one of embodiments 44 to 51, wherein (a) the first threaded portion extends 360 degrees, (b) the interface threaded radial extension portion extends less than 270 degrees, and (c) the cartridge radial extension portion extends more than 90 degrees.

[0272] Embodiment 54. An in-tank filter assembly described in any one of embodiments 44 to 51, wherein (a) the first threaded portion extends 360 degrees, (b) the interface threaded radial extension portion extends 45 to 120 degrees, and (c) the cartridge radial extension portion extends 180 to 300 degrees.

[0273] Embodiment 55. (a) The first threaded portion extends 360°; (b) the interface threaded radial extension extends at 90°; (c) The in-tank filter assembly of any one of aspects 44-51, wherein the cartridge radially extending portion extends 270°.

[0274] Embodiment 56. The in-tank filter assembly of any one of embodiments 44-55, wherein the filtration media comprises pleated media.

[0275] The above description is of illustrative principles. Many embodiments can be created using these principles.

Claims

1. A filter assembly including a filter cartridge, a filter housing end portion, and a filter housing main portion, the filter housing main portion configured to receive the filter cartridge and to be connected to the filter housing end portion by threading; the filter housing main portion includes a main opening, the main opening being defined by a first end, the first end including an upper interrupted edge and a first threaded portion disposed below the upper edge; - said first end includes a recess arrangement including one or more axially extending recesses, said one or more axially extending recesses separating said first threaded portions, said recess arrangement separating said upper interrupted edges; the filter cartridge includes a filtration medium and a first end cap connected to the filtration medium, the first end cap including a central portion and a radial extension arrangement including one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion, the radial extension arrangement being received by the recess arrangement; The filter assembly, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes a third threaded portion on a cylindrical surface, the third threaded portion configured to complement the first threaded portion, such that when the radial extension arrangement is received by the recess arrangement, a continuous radial thread is formed over at least a portion of the axial extent of the first threaded portion.

2. The filter assembly of claim 1 , wherein the filter housing end includes a second threaded portion for receiving the filter housing main portion by at least the first threaded portion.

3. 1. A filter cartridge for use in a filter housing main section, said filter cartridge comprising: - an inner surrounding filtration medium, - said filtration medium having first and second opposing ends; a first end cap at one end of said filtration medium; Including, the first end cap comprises a central portion and a radial extension arrangement comprising one or more radial extensions extending radially outward from the central portion; the one or more radial extensions encompass a total angular extent about the axis of at least 20 degrees and less than 340 degrees; The filter cartridge, wherein the radial extension arrangement includes a third threaded portion configured to radially partially complement the first threaded portion of the filter housing main portion.

4. The filter cartridge of claim 3 , wherein the one or more radial extensions include a total angular extent about the axis of at least 60°.

5. The filter cartridge of claim 3 , wherein the one or more radial extensions encompass a total angular extent about the axis of at least 120°.

6. The filter cartridge of claim 3 , wherein the one or more radial extensions encompass a total angular extent about the axis of at least 180°.

7. The filter cartridge of claim 3 , wherein the one or more radial extensions collectively encompass an angular extent about the axis of at least 270°.

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