Liquid compounding manufacturing system
The extract manufacturing system addresses the inefficiencies of storage tanks by using real-time measurement units and solid-liquid separation to control soluble solids accurately, optimizing extraction and reducing waste in beverage production.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
Conventional beverage production methods require a storage tank for extract storage and sampling, leading to increased installation costs and inefficiencies, and the lack of real-time measurement of soluble solids before formulation results in unreliable concentration control.
An extract manufacturing system that omits the storage tank by using first and second measurement units to monitor flow rate and concentration, with a solid-liquid separation device in between, allowing precise control of soluble solids through flow rate and concentration measurements.
Accurate control of extract concentration is achieved without a storage tank, optimizing extraction solution use and reducing waste, while ensuring reliable soluble solids measurement and efficient production.
Smart Images

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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a beverage manufacturing technology, and more particularly to an extract manufacturing system for manufacturing an extract from an extraction raw material and a method for manufacturing an extract.
Background Art
[0002] Conventionally, in beverage production, an extraction solution (such as hot water as a treatment solution) is supplied to an extractor into which extraction raw materials such as tea leaves and coffee beans are introduced, and the extract generated by the extractor is temporarily stored in a storage tank.
[0003] The extract stored in the storage tank is sampled, and the quality of the extract is confirmed by analyzing the solid content by multiplying the mass of the extract by Brix.
[0004] Regarding the production of such an extract, for example, in Patent Document 1, a flow meter and a concentration measuring device (Brix meter) are provided in a flow path for sending the extract from the extractor to the extraction tank, and by multiplying the mass of the extract by Brix, the total amount of soluble solids (soluble solid content) contained in the sent extract is grasped in real time. <00000二十><00000二十一>With this configuration, when the soluble solid content approaches a desired value, by stopping the supply of the extraction solution to the extractor or blocking the flow path of the extract, it is possible to efficiently produce an extract containing the soluble solid content of the desired value. <00000二十二><00000二十三><00000二十四>Also, for example, in Patent Document 2, it is disclosed that a soluble solid content deriving unit for deriving the soluble solid content is provided upstream of the insoluble solid content removing unit in a pipe through which the extract flows, and the soluble solid content of the extract is derived. <00000二十五><00000二十六><00000二十七>In this configuration, the soluble solids output section is placed upstream of the insoluble solids removal section, such as a centrifuge, thereby suppressing variations in the measured soluble solids amount due to changes in the water pressure of the extract. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]
[0008] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6744949 specification [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-248166 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]
[0009] As mentioned above, conventionally, the extract was temporarily stored in a storage tank before being supplied to a blending tank to manufacture the beverage, so the storage tank was considered essential. Furthermore, temporary storage in a storage tank was also considered essential for sampling the manufactured extract and checking its quality.
[0010] In this regard, the inventors considered the possibility of eliminating the storage tank by temporarily storing the extract in a storage tank and supplying the extract directly to the mixing tank for mixing.
[0011] If storage tanks can be omitted, not only will the installation costs of storage tanks be reduced, but significant benefits can also be obtained, such as optimizing the amount of extraction solution (hot water) used in manufacturing and reducing the amount of waste liquid from the extracted solution that would otherwise be produced unnecessarily.
[0012] However, omitting the storage tank makes it impossible to sample the extract from the storage tank, thus preventing the measurement of soluble solids.
[0013] Therefore, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a method of measuring the amount of soluble solids in real time by installing a flow meter and a concentration measuring instrument in the flow path can be considered. However, these conventional measurement methods do not measure the amount of soluble solids in the extract immediately before it is used in formulation, thus requiring higher reliability. In particular, when the extract is used after solid-liquid separation, there is a possibility that soluble solids and other components will be released from the system along with the residue due to solid-liquid separation, resulting in low reliability regarding the concentration of soluble solids and other components in the extract.
[0014] Furthermore, since Patent Documents 1 and 2 also describe a device configuration that includes a storage tank, it can be said that the omission of a storage tank is a technology that has not been addressed in the prior art.
[0015] In view of the above, the present invention proposes a novel technology for eliminating the storage tank in the extraction process and for more accurately controlling the extraction concentration, such as the amount of soluble solids in the produced extraction. Furthermore, it proposes a novel technology for accurately controlling the numerical value that serves as an indicator of the extraction concentration. [Means for solving the problem]
[0016] The problems that this invention aims to solve are as described above, and the means for solving these problems will now be explained.
[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, An extract manufacturing system for producing an extract from an extracting raw material, An extractor into which the aforementioned raw materials are fed, An extraction solution channel for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine, It has an extractant channel for delivering the extractant produced by the extraction machine, The extraction fluid channel includes: A first measuring unit includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extractant flowing through the extractant channel, and means for measuring the extractant concentration or an index correlated with the extractant concentration. A second measurement unit provided downstream of the first measurement unit and including means for measuring the flow rate of the extract and means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. It is an extract production system having this.
[0018] Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, In the extract flow path, At least one solid-liquid separation device is provided between the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit.
[0019] Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for measuring the extract concentration is Means for measuring the concentration of substances contained in the extract.
[0020] Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for measuring the extract concentration is Means for measuring the concentration of suspended substances, means for measuring the concentration of dissolved substances, means for measuring the concentration of soluble solids, It is composed of one or more selected from these.
[0021] Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for measuring an index correlated with the extract concentration is Means for measuring Brix, means for measuring using absorbance, means for measuring turbidity, means for measuring using refractive index, means for measuring using transmittance, means for measuring using chromaticity, means for measuring using transmitted light, means for measuring using scattered transmitted light, means for measuring using laser scattered light, It is composed of one or more selected from these.
[0022] Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, When the measured value of the first measurement unit reaches a first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solution to the extractor is stopped, After that, When the measured value of the second measuring unit reaches a second predetermined value, the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measuring unit is stopped.
[0023] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, In the aforementioned extraction fluid channel, The system is provided with means for stopping the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measuring unit when the measured value of the second measuring unit reaches a second predetermined value.
[0024] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for stopping the supply of the extract to the downstream of the second measuring unit is to control the pump or to switch the flow path using a valve. [Effects of the Invention]
[0025] According to the present invention, in an operation that omits the storage tank, the extract concentration, such as the amount of soluble solids in the produced extract, can be controlled more accurately. Furthermore, in an operation that omits the storage tank, the numerical value that serves as an indicator of the extract concentration can be controlled accurately. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0026] [Figure 1] This figure illustrates one embodiment of an extract manufacturing system. [Figure 2] This graph shows the time variation of each measurement value in the first measurement unit. [Figure 3] This figure illustrates one embodiment of a compounding liquid manufacturing system. [Figure 4] This diagram illustrates an example of a process carried out in multiple mixing tanks. [Figure 5] This diagram illustrates an example of a process carried out in multiple mixing tanks. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0027] In the production of the extract according to the present invention, examples of raw materials for extraction include tea (black tea, barley tea, green tea, oolong tea), coffee beans, cocoa, and plants such as fruits. The extract produced from these raw materials can be used, for example, in the manufacturing process of beverages. Furthermore, if meat or fish (such as dried bonito flakes or dried kelp) is used as the raw material for extraction, the extract can be used in the manufacture of seasonings and other products.
[0028] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in Figure 1, one embodiment of the present invention is Extraction production system 1 for producing an extract from an extraction raw material, Extraction machine 3 into which the raw materials for extraction are fed, An extraction solution channel 21 for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine 3, It has an extractant flow path 23 for delivering the extractant generated in the extraction machine 3, The extractant flow path 23 contains: The first measuring unit 31 includes means 31a for measuring the flow rate of the extract through the extract flow path 23, and means 31b for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. A second measuring unit 32 is provided downstream of the first measuring unit 31 and includes means 32a for measuring the flow rate of the extract and means 32b for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. This is an extract manufacturing system 1 having the following:
[0029] Also, as shown in Figure 1, In the extractant flow path 23, For example, at least one solid-liquid separation device 5 can be provided between the first measurement unit 31 and the second measurement unit 32. The solid-liquid separation device 5 can be, for example, a centrifugal separator. Furthermore, for example, a solid-liquid separation device such as a cyclone can be inserted between the extractor 3 and the first measurement unit 31 in Figure 1.
[0030] To explain in more detail below, in Figure 1, the extraction raw material is fed into the extraction machine 3. In this embodiment, two extraction machines 3 are provided, and a predetermined amount of the same or different extraction raw material is fed into each extraction machine 3.
[0031] The raw materials for extraction include, for example, teas (black tea, barley tea, green tea, oolong tea leaves, etc.), coffees (coffee beans, ground coffee beans, etc.), cocoa, and plants such as fruits. These can be used, for example, in the manufacture of beverages. Furthermore, if meat or fish (such as dried bonito flakes or dried kelp) is used as the raw material for extraction, the extract can be used, for example, in the manufacture of seasonings.
[0032] The extraction solution channel 21 for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine 3 is a channel that connects the extraction solution tank 41 to each extraction machine 3.
[0033] The extraction solution channel 21 is equipped with an extraction solution pump 42 that controls whether or not the extraction solution is supplied from the extraction solution tank 41 to each extraction machine 3. The extraction solution pump 42 is connected to a controller (not shown) for operation control, and can also be operated manually.
[0034] The extraction solution may be, for example, cold water or hot water set to a predetermined temperature, and may be pure water, natural water, or deoxygenated water. Furthermore, in cases where the extraction solution is water, it may contain a predetermined solute.
[0035] The extract flow path 23 for delivering the extract generated in the extraction machine 3 is a flow path for delivering the extract generated in each extraction machine 3.
[0036] The extractant flow path 23 is equipped with, for example, an extraction receiving tank 51 for mixing the extractants produced by each extraction machine 3, and an extractant pump 53 for transporting the extractant mixed in the extraction receiving tank 51. The extractant pump 53 is connected to a controller (not shown) for operation control, and can also be operated manually.
[0037] The extractant flow path 23 is provided with a first measuring unit 31 and a second measuring unit 32 located downstream of the extractant pump 53.
[0038] The first measuring unit 31 includes means 31a for measuring the flow rate of the extract through the extract flow path 23, and means 31b for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. Alternatively, the unit may be configured to include both means for measuring the extract concentration and means for measuring an index correlated with the extract concentration.
[0039] The means 31a for measuring the flow rate of the extract can, for example, measure the flow rate of the extract flowing through the extract channel 23 per unit time, and the flow rate is specifically measured in terms of volume (e.g., m³). 3 / h, m 3 In addition to flow rate ( / s), other parameters include mass (e.g., kg / h, kg / s, g / s) and flow velocity (e.g., m / h, m / s). Flow meters can include in-line mass flow meters, Coriolis flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters, and thermal flow meters.
[0040] The means 31b for measuring the extract concentration is a means for measuring the concentration of a substance contained in the extract. The concentration of a substance is exemplified below.
[0041] <Concentration of suspended solids> This is the concentration of insoluble substances suspended in the extract. The concept of suspended solids concentration is defined as the concentration that can be measured by drying and weighing (e.g., in mg) the residue obtained by filtering a predetermined amount (e.g., 1 L) of extract through filter paper appropriate for the purpose (e.g., in mg / L). In the present invention, a method can be used to measure numerical values that correlate with the concentration of suspended solids. For example, if the concentration of suspended solids correlates with numerical values measured by absorbance, chromaticity, transmitted light, scattered transmitted light, laser scattered light, refractive index, etc., of the extract, or with turbidity, the numerical values measured by these measuring instruments can be converted to the concentration of suspended solids and used. The concentration of suspended solids is useful, for example, when producing tea extracts where a specific amount of suspended solids is required, such as when the extraction raw material is tea.
[0042] <Dissolved substance concentration> This is the concentration of dissolved substances in the extract. For example, in the case of an extract made from tea, the concentrations of substances selected from those dissolved in the extract, such as caffeine, tannins, theanine, catechins (epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), epicatechin gallate (ECg)), proteins, and polysaccharides (pectin, hemicellulose, etc.), are exemplified. For example, in the case of an extract made from coffee, the concentration of a substance selected from caffeine, chlorogenic acid, etc., that dissolves in the extract is an example. In concept, the concentration of dissolved substances is the concentration that can be measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and other various analytical methods. For example, if the concentration of the dissolved substance is correlated with values measured using the absorbance, chromaticity, transmitted light, scattered transmitted light, laser scattered light, refractive index, etc., of the extract, or with values measured using a turbidimeter, then these measured values can be converted to the concentration of the dissolved substance and used. The concentration of dissolved substances can be measured using, for example, a commercially available spectrophotometer, colorimeter, or refractometer capable of measuring the above values. The concentration of dissolved substances is useful, for example, when producing an extract that requires a specific concentration of dissolved substances, such as when the raw material for extraction is tea or coffee.
[0043] <Soluble solids concentration> This is the concentration of soluble solids dissolved in the extract. For example, in the fields of beverages and food, examples include the concentration of soluble solids such as sugars, salts, and proteins. For example, if the concentration of soluble solids correlates with values measured using absorbance, chromaticity, transmitted light, scattered transmitted light, laser scattered light, refractive index, turbidity, etc., of the extract, these values can be converted to soluble solids concentration and used. These values can also be measured using commercially available measuring instruments capable of measuring such values. The soluble solids concentration is useful when producing an extract where the extraction raw material is tea, coffee, etc., and a predetermined soluble solids concentration is required.
[0044] When using means to measure an index correlated with the extract concentration, for example, the following index may be used.
[0045] <brix> Brix is a widely used index in the beverage and food industries as an indicator correlated with soluble solids concentration. Brix is a scaled representation of the refractive index converted to "the number of grams of sucrose contained in 100g of sucrose solution," and the relationship between Brix (sucrose g / 100g) and refractive index is generally publicly available. Furthermore, this conversion formula has been adopted by the International Committee for Uniform Analysis of Sugar (ICUMSA). Brix can be measured with a well-known Brix meter. Therefore, in general, for beverages where most of the soluble solids in the sample are sugar, Brix can be used as an indicator of sugar concentration. In addition, since soluble solids other than sugar, such as salts and proteins, also affect the refractive index, Brix measured with a Brix meter is widely used as an indicator correlated with soluble solids concentration in the beverage manufacturing and food industries, such as for extracts made from tea and coffee. Many in-line Brix meters are also commercially available. In the present invention, Brix can be used as an indicator to determine the concentration of the extract, as it is an index correlated with the concentration of soluble solids in the extract. Brix is useful, for example, when producing an extract that requires a predetermined amount of soluble solids, such as when the raw material for extraction is tea or coffee.
[0046] <Absorbance> For example, absorbance can be used if it correlates with the caffeine concentration, tannin concentration, theanine concentration, catechin concentration, protein concentration, polysaccharide concentration, suspended solids concentration, soluble solids concentration, etc., in the extract. Specifically, absorbance can be measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer.
[0047] <Turbidity> Turbidity, conceptually, represents the degree of cloudiness, and there are standards such as JIS K0101, JIS K0801, the international standard EPA 180.1, or ISO 7027. Turbidity is specifically measured using, for example, commercially available turbidimeters. Measurement methods include transmitted light scattering, surface scattering, and integrating sphere methods. Turbidity is used as an indicator of suspended solids concentration, for example, when producing cloudy tea.
[0048] Furthermore, if an index measured by another means is affected by the concentration of the substance contained in the extract, for example, if an index measured by means of chromaticity, means of transmitted light, means of scattered transmitted light, means of laser scattered light, means of refractive index, etc., is affected by the substance contained in the extract, then the index measured by these means can be used.
[0049] In the first measurement unit 31, the flow rate of the extract (i) and the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration (ii) are measured, and the controller acquires the sum of the values obtained by multiplying (i) and (ii) as the measured value (cumulative amount) of the first measurement unit 31. For example, if Brix, an index correlated with the soluble solids concentration (which is the concentration of the extract), is measured, then Brix is measured as an index of the soluble solids concentration. Specifically, the controller can calculate an index of the amount of soluble solids per unit time contained in the extract that passes through the first measurement unit 31 per unit time (amount of Brix per unit time) by multiplying the flow rate of the extract measured at predetermined timings while the extract is flowing (e.g., the flow rate of the extract flowing through the first measurement unit 31 per unit time: example unit g / s) by the Brix measurement value (unit Brix degree). Furthermore, the controller calculates a total sum by accumulating the index of soluble solid content (Bix amount per unit time) calculated at predetermined timings. The sum calculated in this way is the measured value (accumulated Brix amount) measured by the first measurement unit 31.
[0050] The second measurement unit 32 is located downstream of the first measurement unit 31. The second measuring unit 32 includes means 32a for measuring the flow rate of the extract. The second measuring unit 32 further includes means 32b for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. In the second measurement unit 32, the flow rate of the extract (iii) and the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration (iv) are measured in the same manner as in the first measurement unit 31. The controller then acquires the sum of the values obtained by multiplying (iii) and (iv) as the measured value (cumulative amount) of the second measurement unit 32. For example, if Brix, an index that correlates with the soluble solids concentration, is measured as the extract concentration, then Brix is measured as an index of the soluble solids concentration. Specifically, the controller can calculate an index of the amount of soluble solids per unit time contained in the extract that passes through the second measurement unit 32 per unit time (amount of Brix per unit time) by multiplying the flow rate of the extract measured at predetermined timings while the extract is flowing (e.g., the flow rate of the extract flowing through the second measurement unit 32 per unit time: example unit g / s) by the Brix measurement value (unit: Brix degree). Furthermore, the controller calculates a total sum by accumulating the index of soluble solid content (Bix amount per unit time) calculated at predetermined timings. The sum calculated in this way is the measured value (accumulated Brix amount) measured by the second measurement unit 32.
[0051] Examples of indicators for soluble solids content calculated by the controller are as follows: For example, by measuring the flow rate (g / s) and Brix every second, the specific gravity of the tea extract can be approximately 1 g / cm³. 3 If we consider it to be so, then the following applies: A: Flow meter reading: The unit is (g / s). It measures how many grams flowed per second. B: Brix meter value: The unit is (Brix degrees), and it is an indicator that represents the sucrose equivalent value (g / 100g extract) of the soluble solid concentration. (1) A × B ÷ 100: Amount of soluble solids per second in sucrose equivalent (2) Sum of (A × B ÷ 100): The sum of the soluble solids in sucrose equivalent is calculated in grams. (3) Convert the cumulative value in (2) above to kg: (A × B ÷ 100) ÷ 1000 (4) A × B ÷ 100,000 (in terms of kg of sucrose) is used as an indicator of the amount of soluble solids.
[0052] In the extractant flow path 23, a liquid cyclone for removing foreign matter from the extractant may be provided between the extractant pump 53 and the first measurement unit 31.
[0053] A liquid cyclone is an inverted cone-shaped cylinder that narrows in diameter towards the bottom. Centrifugal force pushes solid foreign matter downwards, while the extracted liquid, from which the solid foreign matter has been separated, overflows from the top.
[0054] In the extractant flow path 23, for example, at least one solid-liquid separation device 5 can be provided between the first measurement unit 31 and the second measurement unit 32. In this embodiment, for example, a centrifuge for removing solid matter from the extractant can be provided.
[0055] A centrifugal separator is a disc-type device that rotates multiple separation plates inside a conical cylinder that narrows in diameter towards the top.
[0056] In the extractant flow path 23, a heat exchanger for controlling the temperature of the extractant can also be provided between the first measurement unit 31 and the solid-liquid separation device 5.
[0057] In the extractant flow path 23, a means for stopping the supply of extractant downstream of the second measurement unit 32 is provided between the first measurement unit 31 and the second measurement unit 32. For example, a blow valve 33 can be provided upstream of the second measurement unit 32 in the extractant flow path 23 to release the extractant into the blow valve. Alternatively, the supply of extractant downstream of the second measurement unit 32 can be stopped by stopping the extractant pump 53. Furthermore, the "means for stopping the supply of the extracted liquid downstream of the second measurement unit 32" may be provided on the downstream side of the second measurement unit 32, for example, by providing a blow valve and a blow passage on the downstream side of the second measurement unit 32.
[0058] Furthermore, if, for example, a solid-liquid separation device 5 is provided between the first measurement unit 31 and the second measurement unit 32, a means for stopping the supply of extract to the downstream of the second measurement unit 32 is provided between the solid-liquid separation device 5 and the second measurement unit 32. For example, a blow valve can be provided upstream of the second measurement unit 32 in the extract flow path 23 to release the extract into the blow flow path. If there is an extract pump 53 that contributes to the supply of extract to the second measurement unit 32, the supply of extract to the downstream of the second measurement unit 32 may be stopped by stopping that pump.
[0059] Figure 2 is a graph showing the time changes of the following measured values in the system shown in Figure 1, when tea leaves are used as the raw material for extraction: the supply flow rate of the extraction solution (unit: g / s), the Brix measurement value of the extract at the first measurement unit 31 (unit: Brix degrees), and the measured value of the first measurement unit 31 (cumulative Brix amount: unit: kg sucrose equivalent). The vertical axis represents each measured value, and the horizontal axis represents time. Figure 2 uses data measured every second for the supply flow rate of the extraction solution, Brix measurement value (first measurement unit 31), cumulative Brix amount (first measurement unit 31), and flow rate of the extract (first measurement unit 31).
[0060] Figure 2 shows that the supply of the extraction solution is stopped when the measured value (cumulative Brix amount) of the first measurement unit 31 reaches 80 (in kg sucrose equivalent). After the supply of the extraction solution is stopped, the extractant present in the extractor 3 and the extraction receiving tank 51 flows, allowing the Brix value of the extractant to be continuously measured, and the measured value (cumulative Brix amount) of the first measurement unit 31 to rise. As a result, the measured value (cumulative Brix amount) of the first measurement unit 31 reaches 160 (in kg sucrose equivalent).
[0061] Based on this graph, for example, when producing an extract with a target value of 160 (in kg sucrose equivalent), which is an indicator of soluble solids, it is conceivable to stop supplying the extraction solution when the measurement value of the first measurement unit 31 reaches 80 (in kg sucrose equivalent). This allows for optimization of the amount of extraction solution used and prevents the production of excessively large amounts of extract unnecessarily.
[0062] Furthermore, in this invention, as shown in Figure 1, by providing a second measurement unit 32 downstream of the first measurement unit 31, measurements can also be performed in the second measurement unit 32, making it possible to more accurately measure the index of the soluble solid content (cumulative Brix amount) of the extract used later in the compounding process.
[0063] Using this configuration, the present invention, When the measurement value of the first measurement unit 31 reaches the first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solution to the extraction machine 3 is stopped. after that, When the measurement value of the second measurement unit 32 reaches a second predetermined value, the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measurement unit 32 is stopped.
[0064] Here, the first specified value is 80 (in kg sucrose equivalent) in the example shown in Figure 2 above, and the second specified value is 160 (in kg sucrose equivalent) in the example shown in Figure 2 above. In addition to the above, the second predetermined value can also be arbitrarily set to a value of 160 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) or less, as in the example in Figure 2, thereby making it possible to obtain any desired cumulative Brix amount.
[0065] In the configuration illustrated in Figure 1, the extraction solution pump 42 is stopped based on the measurement value of the first measurement unit 31, and the blow valve is opened to blow the solution based on the measurement value of the second measurement unit 32. In addition to the configuration shown in Figure 1, the same effect can be obtained by installing a blow valve or the like downstream of the second measurement unit 32.
[0066] In the above example, by using Brix, an indicator of soluble solids, the cumulative Brix amount, which is an indicator of the cumulative value of soluble solids contained in the extract that has passed through the second measurement unit 32, can be accurately controlled, and the cumulative Brix amount of the extract used later in beverage production can be set to a predetermined value. Furthermore, because the cumulative Brix amount of the extract can be accurately controlled, it is no longer necessary to sample the extract in a storage tank and measure the cumulative Brix amount, which is an indicator of soluble solids, as in the conventional method, and the storage tank can be omitted.
[0067] In particular, as shown in Figure 1, if a solid-liquid separation device 5 (e.g., a centrifuge) is installed between the first measurement unit 31 and the second measurement unit 32, there is a possibility that soluble solids may also be discharged from the system along with the residue, and the amount of soluble solids may decrease after passing through the solid-liquid separation device 5 (e.g., a centrifuge).
[0068] In such cases, the measured value from the second measuring unit 32 can be used to perform accurate mixing. Specifically, for example, in the data from the first measurement unit 31 in Figure 2, when the extraction solution pump 42 is stopped when the measurement value of the first measurement unit 31, which is an indicator of the cumulative value of soluble solids, reaches 80 (unit: equivalent to kg of sucrose), the first measurement unit 31 obtains a cumulative Brix amount of 160 (unit: equivalent to kg of sucrose).
[0069] Furthermore, in the solid-liquid separation device 5 located downstream of the first measurement unit 31, if there is a possibility that soluble solids may be released outside the system along with the residue, it is effective to set the value of the second measurement unit 32 as follows, for example. (1) In advance, estimate the loss of soluble solids that are discharged from the system by the solid-liquid separation device 5 downstream of the first measurement unit 31, for example, as a maximum of 5 in terms of cumulative Brix amount (unit: kg sucrose equivalent). (2) The target value (second predetermined value) of the cumulative Brix amount of the second measurement unit 32 is set to 155 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent), which is 5 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) lower than the 160 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) obtained by the first measurement unit 31, and is the maximum estimated loss to the outside of the system in the solid-liquid separation device 5. (3) When the cumulative Brix amount of the second measuring unit 32 reaches the target value (second predetermined value) of 155 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent), the supply of the extract to the second measuring unit 32 downstream is stopped, thereby ensuring that the cumulative Brix amount, which serves as an indicator of the required cumulative soluble solids, is secured.
[0070] Conversely, if you want to set a target value (second predetermined value) of 155 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) for the cumulative Brix amount of the second measurement unit 32 in advance, and set a first predetermined value for the measurement value of the first measurement unit 31 necessary when supplying the extraction solution to the extractor 3, the procedure would be as follows, for example. (1) In advance, estimate the loss of soluble solids that leave the system by the solid-liquid separation device 5 downstream of the first measurement unit 31, and set the cumulative Brix amount to a maximum of 5 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent). (2) The target value of the cumulative Brix amount to be obtained in the first measurement unit 31 is set higher than the target value of 155 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) to be obtained in the second measurement unit 32 by 5 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent), which is the maximum estimated loss to the outside of the system in the solid-liquid separation device 5, and is set to 160 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent). (3) The first measurement unit 31 sets the first predetermined value of the cumulative Brix amount required when supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine 3 to 80 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) so that the necessary extract can be obtained with respect to the target value of 160 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) of the cumulative Brix amount to be obtained with respect to the target value of 160 (unit: kg sucrose equivalent) to be obtained with respect to the first measurement unit 31. By making these settings, the necessary amount of integrated Brix can be secured in the second measurement unit 32.
[0071] In the above example, when the cumulative Brix amount measured in the first measurement unit 31 reaches 80 (in kg sucrose equivalent), the extraction solution pump 42 is stopped. Subsequently, when the cumulative Brix amount measured in the second measurement unit 32 reaches the target value of 155 (in kg sucrose equivalent), the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measurement unit 32 is stopped. This ensures that the cumulative Brix amount, which serves as an indicator of the required cumulative soluble solids, is secured.
[0072] Furthermore, other raw materials (including water, etc.) can be supplied to the blending tank in parallel with the supply of the extract, and as will be explained in more detail later, it is possible for the extraction process and the blending process to proceed simultaneously.
[0073] Therefore, the present invention is particularly suitable in a configuration in which a solid-liquid separation device 5 (centrifuge) is provided between the first measurement unit 31 and the second measurement unit 32, as shown in Figure 1.
[0074] Next, we will describe a compound liquid manufacturing system 10 using the extract manufacturing system 1 shown in Figure 1. If the compound liquid is a beverage, the compound liquid manufacturing system becomes a beverage manufacturing system.
[0075] As shown in Figure 3, the compounding liquid manufacturing system 10 supplies the extract that has passed through the second measurement unit 32 to the compounding tanks 61 and 62 through the extract flow path 25. Similarly, in the extract manufacturing system 1 incorporated as part of the compounding liquid manufacturing system 10, when the measurement value of the first measurement unit 31 reaches a first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solution to the extractor 3 is stopped, and then when the measurement value of the second measurement unit 32 reaches a second predetermined value, the supply of the extract downstream of the second measurement unit 32 is stopped. This control makes it possible to operate without a storage tank.
[0076] To explain in detail below, as shown in Figure 3, in the compounding liquid manufacturing system 10, the extract produced by the extract manufacturing system 1 is supplied directly to the compounding tanks 61 and 62 without being stored in a storage tank. The extract is compounded with other raw materials in the compounding tanks to produce the compounding liquid. This compounding liquid itself may be a beverage that is filled into a container. Alternatively, a high-concentration primary compounding liquid (concentrated compounding liquid) may be compounded in these compounding tanks 61 and 62, and then further diluted with water in another compounding tank downstream to become a beverage product. Furthermore, a sterilization process may be carried out on the compounding liquid downstream of the compounding tanks 61 and 62. It is also possible to add auxiliary raw materials and dilution water in-line in a downstream process to the compounding liquid to make a beverage, etc.
[0077] In the system shown in Figure 3, a first mixing tank 61 and a second mixing tank 62 are provided. Each mixing tank 61 and 62 is connected to a flow path (extract flow path 25) through which the extract is supplied from the extract production system 1, a flow path 26 through which other raw materials are supplied, and a flow path 27 for discharging the mixed liquid. Each mixing tank is equipped with an internal stirring device, and the extract and raw materials are stirred for a predetermined time to mix them. Multiple mixing tanks may be installed, and it is also possible to have three or more tanks.
[0078] Figure 4 is an example of a time chart in a compounding liquid manufacturing system, showing the extraction process, the compounding process, the dispensing process, and the washing process.
[0079] The extraction process involves manufacturing the extract in the extract manufacturing system 1 and supplying the extract to the blending tank. The blending process is the process in which the extract and other raw materials are blended. Alternatively, the extraction and blending processes may proceed simultaneously by supplying the other raw materials to the blending tank in parallel with the supply of the extract. The dispensing process is the process of dispensing the prepared liquid produced in the mixing process from the mixing tank. Furthermore, after the blending process is completed, a cleaning process may be carried out to clean the blending liquid manufacturing system and to prepare for the next extraction by adding new extraction raw materials.
[0080] As shown in Figure 4, by providing multiple mixing tanks, it becomes possible to supply extract to other mixing tanks B while mixing is being completed in mixing tank A, from the time the supply of extract to mixing tank A begins.
[0081] This allows for the simultaneous mixing in mixing tank A and the supply of extract to mixing tank B, thereby increasing the operating rate of the extract manufacturing system 1, which omits the storage tank. Furthermore, as mentioned above, since the concentration of soluble solids and other components of the extract is precisely controlled, the desired quality can be ensured even in the mixed liquid produced by the mixing tanks.
[0082] Furthermore, by providing multiple mixing tanks, it may be possible to supply the extract to other mixing tanks B after the supply to mixing tank A is complete, between the start of supplying the extract to mixing tank A and the completion of mixing in mixing tank A. In this case as well, the operating rate of the extract production system 1 without a storage tank can be increased.
[0083] Furthermore, by providing multiple mixing tanks, it may be possible to supply extract to other mixing tanks after the supply of extract to one mixing tank has started and the mixing in that tank has been completed. In this case as well, the operating rate of the extract manufacturing system 1 without a storage tank can be increased.
[0084] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, by providing multiple mixing tanks, from the time the supply of extract to mixing tank B is started until the mixing in mixing tank B is completed, beverages that have been mixed and manufactured in other mixing tanks A are discharged from the other mixing tanks A.
[0085] This allows for the supply of extract to mixing tank B and the dispensing of the mixed liquid in mixing tank B to be carried out in parallel with the dispensing of the mixed liquid from mixing tank A, thereby increasing the operating rate of the extract manufacturing system 1, which omits the storage tank.
[0086] Furthermore, multiple mixing tanks may be installed, and it is even possible to have three or more. For example, if a third mixing tank C is installed, after the extraction to mixing tank B is completed, the extraction liquid can be supplied to mixing tank C in parallel with the mixing process in mixing tank B and the dispensing process in mixing tank A, enabling more efficient operation.
[0087] Figure 5 shows an example of a time chart in a compounding liquid manufacturing system. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. While supplying the extract to a certain mixing tank A, The process involves supplying other raw materials to a mixing tank A and then performing the mixing. After mixing, the mixture is dispensed. After dispensing, a washing process may be carried out to prepare for the next extraction by adding new extraction raw materials.
[0088] This allows the supply of extract to mixing tank A and the mixing of the extract with other raw materials in mixing tank A to be carried out in parallel, thereby increasing the operating rate of the extract manufacturing system 1, which omits the storage tank.
[0089] Also, as shown in Figure 5, Multiple mixing tanks are provided. While supplying the extract to a certain mixing tank B, Other raw materials can be supplied to a certain mixing tank B and mixing can be performed. The mixing process takes place in one mixing tank B, while the completed mixing solution is discharged from another mixing tank A.
[0090] This allows the supply of extract to mixing tank B and the mixing of the extract with other raw materials in mixing tank B to be carried out in parallel, while the mixed liquid can be discharged from mixing tank A in parallel, thereby increasing the operating rate of the extract manufacturing system 1, which omits the storage tank.
[0091] Furthermore, multiple mixing tanks may be installed, and it is even permissible to install three or more. For example, if the timing of the dispensing processes in mixing tank A and mixing tank B is not synchronized, there is a risk that the subsequent filling process into containers, etc., may stop. If it is necessary to reduce such risks, a third mixing tank C can be installed to achieve more stable operation.
[0092] As described above, the present invention can be implemented as follows: That is, In one embodiment of the present invention, An extractant production system for producing an extractant from raw materials, A blending tank for mixing the extract produced in the extract manufacturing system with other raw materials, A liquid preparation manufacturing system having, The aforementioned extract manufacturing system is An extractor into which the aforementioned raw materials are fed, An extraction solution channel for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine, It has an extractant channel for delivering the extractant produced by the extraction machine, The extraction fluid channel includes: A first measuring unit includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extractant flowing through the extractant channel, and means for measuring the extractant concentration or an index correlated with the extractant concentration. A second measuring unit is provided downstream of the first measuring unit and includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extract and means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. It has, The extract that has passed through the second measuring unit is supplied to the mixing tank. Let's call it a compounding liquid manufacturing system.
[0093] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, In the aforementioned extraction fluid channel, At least one solid-liquid separation device is provided between the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit.
[0094] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for measuring the concentration of the extract is, This refers to a means of measuring the concentration of a substance contained in an extract.
[0095] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for measuring the concentration of the extract is, Means for measuring the concentration of suspended solids, means for measuring the concentration of dissolved solids, means for measuring the concentration of soluble solids, It shall consist of one or more types selected from the following.
[0096] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, A means of measuring an index that correlates with the extract concentration is, Means for measuring Brix, means for measuring using absorbance, means for measuring turbidity, means for measuring using refractive index, means for measuring using transmittance, means for measuring using chromaticity, means for measuring using transmitted light, means for measuring using scattered transmitted light, means for measuring using laser scattered light, It shall consist of one or more types selected from the following.
[0097] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, When the measurement value of the first measuring unit reaches a first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solution to the extraction machine is stopped. after that, When the measured value of the second measuring unit reaches a second predetermined value, the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measuring unit is stopped.
[0098] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, In the aforementioned extraction fluid channel, The system is provided with means for stopping the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measuring unit when the measured value of the second measuring unit reaches a second predetermined value.
[0099] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for stopping the supply of the extract to the downstream of the second measuring unit is, This refers to the control of a pump or the switching of the flow path by a valve.
[0100] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, It is assumed that multiple mixing tanks are provided.
[0101] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the time the supply of extract to a certain mixing tank begins until the mixing process in that mixing tank is completed, It is assumed that the extract can be supplied to other mixing tanks.
[0102] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the time the supply of extract to a certain mixing tank begins until the mixing in that mixing tank is completed, after the supply of extract to the mixing tank is completed, It is assumed that the extract can be supplied to other mixing tanks.
[0103] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the start of supplying the extract to a certain mixing tank until after the mixing process in that mixing tank is complete, It is assumed that the extract can be supplied to other mixing tanks.
[0104] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the time the supply of extract to a certain mixing tank begins until the mixing process in that mixing tank is completed, The prepared liquid, which has been prepared and manufactured in another mixing tank, will be discharged from that other mixing tank.
[0105] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, Multiple mixing tanks are provided. While supplying the extract to a certain mixing tank, It is possible to supply other raw materials to the aforementioned mixing tank.
[0106] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, Multiple mixing tanks are provided. The system allows for the supply of extract to one mixing tank while other raw materials are supplied to another mixing tank for mixing, and while mixing is taking place in one mixing tank, the completed mixed liquid is discharged from another mixing tank.
[0107] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, The aforementioned liquid preparation manufacturing system is a beverage manufacturing system.
[0108] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, An extract manufacturing system for producing an extract from an extracting raw material, An extractor into which the aforementioned raw materials are fed, An extraction solution channel for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine, It has an extractant channel for delivering the extractant produced by the extraction machine, The extraction fluid channel includes: A first measuring unit includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extractant flowing through the extractant channel, and means for measuring the extractant concentration or an index correlated with the extractant concentration. A control method for an extract manufacturing system, comprising a second measuring unit provided downstream of the first measuring unit, which includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extract and means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration, When the measurement value of the first measurement unit reaches a first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solvent to the extraction machine is stopped. after that, When the measured value of the second measurement unit reaches a second predetermined value, the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measurement unit is stopped. as, The first predetermined value is set based on the second predetermined value using a control method.
[0109] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, An extractant production system for producing an extractant from raw materials, A blending tank for mixing the extract produced in the extract manufacturing system with other raw materials, A liquid preparation manufacturing system having, The aforementioned extract manufacturing system is An extractor into which the aforementioned raw materials are fed, An extraction solution channel for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine, It has an extractant channel for delivering the extractant produced by the extraction machine, The extraction fluid channel includes: A first measuring unit includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extractant flowing through the extractant channel, and means for measuring the extractant concentration or an index correlated with the extractant concentration. A second measuring unit is provided downstream of the first measuring unit and includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extract and means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. It has, The extract that has passed through the second measuring unit is supplied to the mixing tank. A control method for a compounding liquid manufacturing system, When the measurement value of the first measurement unit reaches a first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solvent to the extraction machine is stopped. after that, When the measured value of the second measurement unit reaches a second predetermined value, the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measurement unit is stopped. as, The first predetermined value is set based on the second predetermined value using a control method.
[0110] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for measuring the concentration of the extract is, This refers to a means of measuring the concentration of a substance contained in an extract.
[0111] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, The means for measuring the concentration of the extract is, Means for measuring the concentration of suspended solids, means for measuring the concentration of dissolved solids, means for measuring the concentration of soluble solids, It shall consist of one or more types selected from the following.
[0112] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, A means of measuring an index that correlates with the extract concentration is, Means for measuring Brix, means for measuring using absorbance, means for measuring turbidity, means for measuring using refractive index, means for measuring using transmittance, means for measuring using chromaticity, means for measuring using transmitted light, means for measuring using scattered transmitted light, means for measuring using laser scattered light, It shall consist of one or more types selected from the following.
[0113] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, In the aforementioned extraction fluid channel, At least one solid-liquid separation device is provided between the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit. [Explanation of Symbols]
[0114] 1. Extraction production system 3 Extractor 3 each extractor 5 Solid-liquid separator 10. Liquid Preparation Manufacturing System 21 Extraction solution channel 23 Extract flow path 25 Extract flow path 26 Channel through which other raw materials are transported 27 Flow path for dispensing the mixed liquid 31 First Measurement Unit 31a Means for measuring the flow rate of the extract 31b Means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration 32 Second Measurement Unit 32a Means for measuring the flow rate of the extract 32b Means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration 33 Blow valve 41 Extraction solution tank 42 Extraction solution pump 51 Extraction receiving tank 53 Extract pump 61 Mixing Tank 62 Mixing Tanks< / brix>
Claims
1. An extractant production system for producing an extractant from raw materials, A blending tank for mixing the extract produced in the extract manufacturing system with other raw materials, A liquid preparation manufacturing system having, The aforementioned extract manufacturing system is An extractor into which the aforementioned raw materials are fed, An extraction solution channel for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine, It has an extractant channel for delivering the extractant produced by the extraction machine, The extraction fluid channel includes: A first measuring unit includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extractant flowing through the extractant channel, and means for measuring the extractant concentration or an index correlated with the extractant concentration. A second measuring unit is provided downstream of the first measuring unit and includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extract and means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. It has, The extract that has passed through the second measuring unit is supplied to the mixing tank. When the measurement value of the first measuring unit reaches a first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solution to the extraction machine is stopped. after that, A liquid preparation system that stops the supply of extract to the downstream of the second measuring unit when the measured value of the second measuring unit reaches a second predetermined value.
2. In the extraction fluid channel, The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has means for stopping the supply of extract to the downstream of the second measuring unit when the measured value of the second measuring unit reaches a second predetermined value.
3. Means for stopping the supply of the extract to the downstream of the second measuring unit, The liquid preparation manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the flow path is switched by pump control or valve control.
4. An extractant production system for producing an extractant from raw materials, A blending tank for mixing the extract produced in the extract manufacturing system with other raw materials, A liquid preparation manufacturing system having, The aforementioned extract manufacturing system is An extractor into which the aforementioned raw materials are fed, An extraction solution channel for supplying the extraction solution to the extraction machine, It has an extractant channel for delivering the extractant produced by the extraction machine, The extraction fluid channel includes: A first measuring unit includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extractant flowing through the extractant channel, and means for measuring the extractant concentration or an index correlated with the extractant concentration. A second measuring unit is provided downstream of the first measuring unit and includes means for measuring the flow rate of the extract and means for measuring the extract concentration or an index correlated with the extract concentration. It has, The extract that has passed through the second measuring unit is supplied to the mixing tank. In the aforementioned extraction fluid channel, At least one solid-liquid separation device is provided between the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit. A liquid preparation manufacturing system characterized by the following features.
5. The means for measuring the extract concentration in the first measurement unit and / or the second measurement unit is This is a means of measuring the concentration of substances contained in an extract. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
6. The means for measuring the extract concentration in the first measurement unit and / or the second measurement unit is Means for measuring the concentration of suspended solids, means for measuring the concentration of dissolved solids, means for measuring the concentration of soluble solids, Composed of one or more types selected from: The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
7. The means for measuring an index correlated with the extract concentration in the first measurement unit and / or the second measurement unit is, Means for measuring Brix, means for measuring using absorbance, means for measuring turbidity, means for measuring using refractive index, means for measuring using transmittance, means for measuring using chromaticity, means for measuring using transmitted light, means for measuring using scattered transmitted light, means for measuring using laser scattered light, Composed of one or more types selected from: The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
8. When the measurement value of the first measuring unit reaches a first predetermined value, the supply of the extraction solution to the extraction machine is stopped. after that, When the measured value of the second measurement unit reaches a second predetermined value, the supply of the extract to the downstream side of the second measurement unit is stopped. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
9. In the aforementioned extraction fluid channel, The system has means for stopping the supply of extract to the downstream of the second measurement unit when the measured value of the second measurement unit reaches a second predetermined value. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 8.
10. The means for stopping the supply of the extract to the downstream of the second measuring unit is, This involves controlling the pump or switching the flow path using a valve. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 8.
11. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
12. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the time the supply of extract to a certain mixing tank begins until the mixing process in that mixing tank is completed, It is possible to supply the extract to other mixing tanks. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
13. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the time the supply of extract to a certain mixing tank is started until the mixing in that mixing tank is completed, after the supply of extract to that mixing tank is completed, It is possible to supply the extract to other mixing tanks. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
14. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the start of supplying the extract to a certain mixing tank until after the mixing process in that mixing tank is complete, It is possible to supply the extract to other mixing tanks. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
15. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. From the time the supply of extract to a certain mixing tank begins until the mixing process in that mixing tank is completed, The mixed liquid, which has been prepared and manufactured in another mixing tank, is discharged from that other mixing tank. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
16. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. While supplying the extract to a certain mixing tank, It is possible to supply other raw materials to the aforementioned mixing tank. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
17. Multiple mixing tanks are provided. While an extract is being supplied to one mixing tank, other raw materials are being supplied to another mixing tank, enabling mixing. While mixing is taking place in one mixing tank, the completed mixed liquid is being discharged from another mixing tank. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
18. The aforementioned liquid preparation manufacturing system is a beverage manufacturing system. The compounding liquid manufacturing system according to feature 4.
Citation Information
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