Methods, apparatus, and computer program products for high-speed cell selection using conditional handover and inter-cell beam management reports.

Abstract

Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are described that support operation mode configuration for switching between serving cells. The serving cell may configure multiple cells to support operation mode configuration. Each cell of the multiple cells and associated user equipment may store operation mode configurations associated with the multiple cells to improve additional switching between serving cells. The user equipment may provide intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with the multiple cells to assist in deciding to switch between serving cells. Timing advance information may be stored to support switching back to the serving cell. The serving cell may cause a user equipment to switch to another serving cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Exemplary embodiments generally relate to cell selection that utilizes conditional handover and beam management reporting over a communication infrastructure.

Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a standardization organization that develops protocols for mobile telephones and is known for the development and maintenance of various standards, including the 2nd Generation (2G), 3rd Generation (3G), 4th Generation (4G), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and 5th Generation (5G) standards. The 5G network is designed as a service-based architecture (SBA), that is, in other words, a system architecture in which system functions are realized by a series of network functions that provide services to other permitted network functions in order to access services.

[0003] The 5G network may include multiple base stations (e.g., next-generation node B (gNB), etc.) that provide services to multiple cells over a specific area. When a user equipment (UE) moves in a specific area, a cell change known as a handover in the connected mode occurs to maintain the connection between the UE and the serving radio access network (RAN). Further, a cell transmits and receives data via multiple beams. The handover procedure may be triggered as a result of the rotation of the UE or as a result of an obstacle (e.g., a wall, etc.) between the UE and the base station.

[0004] Conditional Handover (CHO) allows a source cell to prepare a UE with multiple target cells for a future handover procedure. CHO preparation occurs during good radio conditions between the source cell and the UE before a handover is required to maintain communication. The UE determines that a CHO is needed based on the detection of configured conditions. Upon detecting the conditions requiring a CHO, the UE performs the prepared CHO for one of the target cells. Since CHOs are more likely to occur during good radio conditions, inter-cell handovers are triggered during poor radio conditions. [Overview of the project]

[0005] Disclosed are methods, apparatus, and computer program products that facilitate the mobility of a UE through a communication network architecture that provides data exchange over beams. The disclosure provides improved operating modes associated with a UE for cell selection and handover. Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure provide a fast cell selection (FCS) mode for more effective and efficient handover of a UE from a first serving cell to a second serving cell. The FCS mode provides selection and handover of a UE between cells facilitated by an FCS conditional handover (FCSCHO) configuration. A UE may include a first FCSCHO configuration for a serving cell and at least a second FCSCHO configuration for at least one adjacent cell. A UE may be configured to report Layer 1 (L1) beam measurements of one or more cells associated with the FCSCHO configuration.

[0006] The UE may receive a lower-layer instruction from the serving cell that commands the UE to switch from the serving cell to another cell (for example, based on L1 beam measurement). Upon receiving a switching instruction from the serving cell, the UE performs a cell change to another cell associated with the FCSCHO configuration (for example, at least one adjacent cell associated with the second FCSCHO configuration, e.g., CHO). Furthermore, upon completion of the switching procedure, the UE may store (for example, in memory) all FCSCHO configurations, including, but not limited to, the first FCSCHO configuration of the first serving cell. The network, or its entities (for example, network functions, RAN, base stations, cells, etc.), may store the UE context for all prepared FCSCHO configurations.

[0007] A UE may utilize one or more FCSCHO configurations to further perform cell switching procedures directed to a first serving cell and / or one or more other adjacent cells in an area. For example, if a UE is traveling in a first direction of a bidirectional path within an area, it can utilize stored FCSCHO configurations to switch back to the first serving cell more quickly and easily when traveling in a second direction (e.g., return) of the bidirectional path. In consideration of this disclosure, it should be understood that while a UE is connected to a single cell at a given time, the network can configure handover procedures for each cell at once, thereby enabling faster switching between cells with less demand on lower-layer resources, particularly compared to conventional procedures (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) procedures).

[0008] In light of this disclosure, it should be understood that exemplary embodiments utilizing at least an FCSCHO configuration overcome several problems associated with conventional handover systems. For example, any conventional CHO preparation information for switching from a source cell to a selected target cell is deleted by the UE once the prepared CHO is successfully completed. In conventional systems, the network does not remember the prepared UE context even after the prepared CHO is successfully completed, because the previously prepared CHO is no longer valid in the new source cell (i.e., the previously selected target cell). Thus, conventional CHO implementations require a new preparation for the new CHO to be performed again during good radio conditions between the new source cell and the UE to facilitate any additional future CHOs. Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure overcome such limitations by remembering at least all previously prepared FCSCHO configurations to improve handover speed when a handover back to a previously prepared cell is required. The FCSCHO configurations and techniques of this disclosure may be configured for use by multiple handover procedures, including but not limited to procedures associated with one or more of the following: conditional handover, return handover, linked conditional handover, unconditional handover, coordinated multi-point (CoMP) process, dynamic point selection process, beam management reporting process, beam switching process, etc.

[0009] A method is provided, according to aspects of the present disclosure, that includes receiving one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells from a first serving cell. The method may further include determining first beam management information for the plurality of cells. The method may further include causing the first serving cell to transmit a first beam management report, which includes the first beam management information for the plurality of cells. The method may further include receiving a switching instruction from the first serving cell, which includes an instruction to switch to the target beam of a target cell. The method may further include storing one or more operating mode configurations for the plurality of cells. The method may further include switching from the first serving cell to the target beam of a target cell, the target cell becoming a second serving cell.

[0010] In some embodiments, the method may further include storing timing advance information for a first serving cell. In some embodiments, the method may further include determining second beam management information for a plurality of cells. In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting a second beam management report, including the second beam management information for a plurality of cells, to the second serving cell. In some embodiments, the method may further include obtaining one or more operating mode configurations and timing advance information. In some embodiments, the method may further include switching from the second serving cell to the first serving cell based on at least the timing advance information.

[0011] In some embodiments of the method, switching from a first serving cell to a second serving cell includes a random access channelless handover, and stored timing advance information is used for switching from the second serving cell to the first serving cell. In some embodiments of the method, one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of a fast cell selection conditional handover configuration for each cell of a plurality of cells, first beam management information, or second beam management information. In some embodiments of the method, one or more of the first or second beam management information is generated based on a reference signal transmitted by the plurality of cells, and the reference signal includes a synchronization signal block resource mapping. In some embodiments of the method, one or more of the first or second beam management reports include one or more of intracell or intercell beam management reports associated with one or more cells of the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the method, one or more user devices, networks, radio access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the following: one or more operating mode configurations, first beam management information, second beam management information, or timing advance information for at least each of the multiple cells. In some embodiments of the method, the multiple cells include one or more of adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, a first serving cell, or a second serving cell. In some embodiments of the method, the switching instruction includes a medium access control element. In some embodiments of the method, switching to the target beam of a target cell is dynamically triggered by a trigger condition configured by the first or second serving cell. In some embodiments of the method, the target cell is associated with multiple target beams.

[0012] According to aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising computer program code configured by at least one processor to cause the apparatus to receive at least one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells from a first serving cell. The apparatus may further be caused to determine at least first beam management information for the plurality of cells. The apparatus may further be caused to transmit to the first serving cell a first beam management report containing the first beam management information for the plurality of cells. The apparatus may further be caused to receive at least a switching instruction from the first serving cell, which includes an instruction to switch to the target beam of a target cell. The apparatus may further be caused to store at least one or more operating mode configurations for the plurality of cells. The apparatus may further be caused to switch from the first serving cell to at least the target beam of a target cell, the target cell may become a second serving cell.

[0013] In some embodiments, the device may be configured to at least store timing advance information for a first serving cell. In some embodiments, the device may be configured to at least determine second beam management information for a plurality of cells. In some embodiments, the device may be configured to at least transmit a second beam management report, including the second beam management information for a plurality of cells, to a second serving cell. In some embodiments, the device may be configured to at least acquire one or more operating mode configurations and timing advance information. In some embodiments, the device may be configured to at least switch from a second serving cell to a first serving cell based at least on the timing advance information.

[0014] In some embodiments of the device, switching from a first serving cell to a second serving cell includes a random access channelless handover, and stored timing advance information is used to switch from the second serving cell to the first serving cell. In some embodiments of the device, one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the following for each cell of a plurality of cells: a fast cell selection conditional handover configuration, first beam management information, or second beam management information. In some embodiments of the device, one or more of the first or second beam management information is generated based on reference signals transmitted by the plurality of cells, and the reference signals include synchronization signal block resource mapping. In some embodiments of the device, one or more of the first or second beam management reports include one or more of the intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with one or more cells of the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the device, one or more user equipment, networks, radio access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the following: one or more operating mode configurations, first beam management information, second beam management information, or timing advance information for at least each of the multiple cells. In some embodiments of the device, the multiple cells include one or more of adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the device, the switching instruction includes a medium access control element. In some embodiments of the device, switching to the target beam of a target cell is dynamically triggered by a trigger condition configured by the first serving cell or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the device, the target cell is associated with multiple target beams.

[0015] According to aspects of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising at least a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium having a stored program code portion, wherein the program code portion is configured to receive one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells from a first serving cell, at least when executed by a processor. The computer program product may further be configured to determine at least first beam management information for a plurality of cells, at least when executed by a processor. The computer program product may further be configured to transmit to the first serving cell a first beam management report, including the first beam management information for a plurality of cells, at least when executed by a processor. The computer program product may further be configured to receive from the first serving cell a switching instruction, including an instruction to switch to the target beam of a target cell, at least when executed by a processor. The computer program product may further be configured to store at least one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells, at least when executed by a processor. The computer program product may further switch from the first serving cell to the target beam of a target cell, at least when executed by a processor, the target cell may become a second serving cell.

[0016] In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to store timing advance information for a first serving cell, at least when executed by a processor. In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to determine second beam management information for a plurality of cells, at least when executed by a processor. In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to transmit a second beam management report, including the second beam management information for a plurality of cells, to a second serving cell, at least when executed by a processor. In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to acquire at least one or more operating mode configurations and timing advance information, at least when executed by a processor. In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to switch from a second serving cell to a first serving cell, at least when executed by a processor, based at least on the timing advance information.

[0017] In some embodiments of the computer program product, switching from a first serving cell to a second serving cell includes a random access channelless handover, and stored timing advance information is used to switch from the second serving cell to the first serving cell. In some embodiments of the computer program product, one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the following: a fast cell selection conditional handover configuration for each cell of a plurality of cells, first beam management information, or second beam management information. In some embodiments of the computer program product, one or more of the first or second beam management information is generated based on reference signals transmitted by the plurality of cells, and the reference signals include synchronization signal block resource mapping. In some embodiments of the computer program product, one or more of the first or second beam management reports include one or more intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with one or more cells of the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the computer program product, one or more user devices, networks, radio access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the following: one or more operating mode configurations, first beam management information, second beam management information, or timing advance information for at least each of the multiple cells. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the multiple cells include one or more of adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the switching instruction includes a medium access control element. In some embodiments of the computer program product, switching to the target beam of a target cell is dynamically triggered by a trigger condition configured by the first or second serving cell. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the target cell is associated with multiple target beams.

[0018] According to aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided which includes means for receiving one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells from a first serving cell. The apparatus may further include means for determining first beam management information for the plurality of cells. The apparatus may further include means for transmitting a first beam management report, which includes the first beam management information for the plurality of cells, to the first serving cell. The apparatus may further include means for receiving a switching instruction from the first serving cell, which includes an instruction to switch to the target beam of a target cell. The apparatus may further include means for storing one or more operating mode configurations for the plurality of cells. The apparatus may further include means for switching from the first serving cell to the target beam of a target cell, wherein the target cell becomes a second serving cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, the device may further include means for storing timing advance information for a first serving cell. In some embodiments, the device may further include means for determining second beam management information for a plurality of cells. In some embodiments, the device may further include means for transmitting a second beam management report, including the second beam management information for a plurality of cells, to a second serving cell. In some embodiments, the device may further include means for obtaining one or more operating mode configurations and timing advance information. In some embodiments, the device may further include means for switching from a second serving cell to a first serving cell based on at least the timing advance information.

[0020] In some embodiments of the device, switching from a first serving cell to a second serving cell includes a random access channelless handover, and stored timing advance information is used to switch from the second serving cell to the first serving cell. In some embodiments of the device, one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the following for each cell of a plurality of cells: a fast cell selection conditional handover configuration, first beam management information, or second beam management information. In some embodiments of the device, one or more of the first or second beam management information is generated based on reference signals transmitted by the plurality of cells, and the reference signals include synchronization signal block resource mapping. In some embodiments of the device, one or more of the first or second beam management reports include one or more of the intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with one or more cells of the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the device, one or more user equipment, networks, radio access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the following: one or more operating mode configurations, first beam management information, second beam management information, or timing advance information for at least each of the multiple cells. In some embodiments of the device, the multiple cells include one or more of adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the device, the switching instruction includes a medium access control element. In some embodiments of the device, switching to the target beam of a target cell is dynamically triggered by a trigger condition configured by the first serving cell or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the device, the target cell is associated with multiple target beams.

[0021] A part of the present disclosure provides a method that includes determining to use an operating mode for handover. The method may further include causing the user equipment to transmit one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells. The method may further include receiving a beam management report from the user equipment, which includes beam management information for the plurality of cells. The method may further include determining, based at least on the beam management report, to instruct the user equipment to switch from a first serving cell to a second serving cell. The method further includes causing the user equipment to transmit a switching instruction, which includes an instruction to switch to a target beam of a target cell, the target cell becoming the second serving cell.

[0022] In some embodiments, the method may further include causing a handover request to be sent to a target cell, the handover request including instructions for configuring the target cell for a fast cell selection conditional handover. In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving a handover request acknowledgment from the target cell. In some embodiments, the method may further include storing one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells. In some embodiments, the method may further include causing a beam management report, including beam management information for multiple cells, to be sent to the target cell. In some embodiments of the method, the handover request includes a transmit configuration indicator state.

[0023] In some embodiments, the method may further include causing the user device to send trigger conditions to the user device that cause it to dynamically switch to a target cell.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method may further include causing one or more operational mode configurations for multiple cells to be transmitted to a target cell.

[0025] In some embodiments of the method, the decision to use an operating mode for handover is based on historical data, which includes one or more of the following: the number of handovers, duration, threshold, metadata, communication logs, or network entity behavior. In some embodiments of the method, the historical data is processed via a machine learning algorithm or a self-organizing method. In some embodiments of the method, the target cell is one of a plurality of target cells. In some embodiments of the method, the operating mode for handover includes a fast cell selection operating mode. In some embodiments of the method, the plurality of cells includes one or more of the following: adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the method, the beam management report includes one or more intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the method, the switching instruction includes one or more medium access control elements. In some embodiments of the method, one or more user devices, networks, radio access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the following: one or more operating mode configurations, beam management information, or timing advance information associated for at least each of the multiple cells. In some embodiments of the method, one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the following: fast cell selection conditional handover configurations, first beam management information, or second beam management information for each of the multiple cells.

[0026] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided that includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory includes computer program code configured to cause the apparatus to be determined by the at least one processor to use at least an operation mode for handover. Further, the apparatus may be caused to at least cause transmission to a user equipment of one or more operation mode configurations for a plurality of cells. The apparatus may further be caused to at least receive from the user equipment a beam management report including beam management information for the plurality of cells. The apparatus may further be caused to at least determine to instruct the user equipment to switch from a first serving cell to a second serving cell, at least based on the beam management report. The apparatus may further be caused to at least cause transmission to the user equipment of a switching instruction including an instruction to switch to a target beam of a target cell, where the target cell may be the second serving cell.

[0027] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further be caused to at least cause transmission of a handover request to a target cell, the handover request including an instruction to configure a target cell for a fast cell selection conditional handover. In some embodiments, the apparatus may further be caused to at least receive from the target cell a handover request positive response. In some embodiments, the apparatus may further be caused to at least cause storage of one or more operation mode configurations for the plurality of cells. In some embodiments, the apparatus may further be caused to at least cause transmission of a beam management report including beam management information for the plurality of cells to the target cell. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the handover request includes a transmission configuration indicator state.

[0028] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further be caused to at least cause transmission to the user equipment of a trigger condition for dynamically switching the user equipment to the target cell.

[0029] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further be caused to at least perform transmission to a target cell of one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells.

[0030] In some embodiments of the apparatus, determining to use an operating mode for handover is based on historical data, and the historical data includes one or more of the number of handovers, the period, the threshold, the metadata, the communication log, or the behavior of network entities. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the historical data is processed via a machine learning algorithm or a self-organization method. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the target cell is one of a plurality of target cells. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the operating mode for handover includes a fast cell selection operating mode. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the plurality of cells includes one or more of adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the beam management report includes one or more of intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with a plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the switching instruction includes one or more of media access control elements. In some embodiments of the apparatus, one or more of the user equipment, the network, the radio access network, the base station, or the cell stores one or more of one or more operating mode configurations, beam management information, or timing advance information associated with at least each of the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the apparatus, the one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of a fast cell selection conditional handover configuration, first beam management information, or second beam management information for each cell of the plurality of cells.

[0031] According to aspects of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising at least a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium having a stored program code portion, the program code portion determining, at least when executed by a processor, to use an operating mode for handover. The computer program product may further be configured, at least when executed by a processor, to transmit to user equipment one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells. The computer program product may further be configured, at least when executed by a processor, to receive from user equipment a beam management report containing beam management information for a plurality of cells. The computer program product may further be configured, at least when executed by a processor, to determine, at least based on the beam management report, to instruct user equipment to switch from a first serving cell to a second serving cell. The computer program product may further be configured, at least when executed by a processor, to transmit to user equipment a switching instruction containing an instruction to switch to the target beam of a target cell, the target cell may become the second serving cell.

[0032] In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to at least transmit a handover request to a target cell, at least when executed by a processor, the handover request including instructions for configuring a target cell for a fast cell selection conditional handover. In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to at least receive a handover request acknowledgment from a target cell, at least when executed by a processor. In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to at least store one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells, at least when executed by a processor. In some embodiments, the computer program product may be configured to at least transmit a beam management report, including beam management information for multiple cells, to a target cell, at least when executed by a processor. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the handover request includes a transmit configuration indicator state.

[0033] In some embodiments, the computer program product may be configured to cause the user device to send trigger conditions to dynamically switch to a target cell, at least during execution by the processor.

[0034] In some embodiments, the computer program product may be further configured to cause, at least when executed by a processor, to transmit to a target cell one or more operational mode configurations for multiple cells.

[0035] In some embodiments of the computer program product, the decision to use an operating mode for handover is based on historical data, which includes one or more of the number of handovers, duration, thresholds, metadata, communication logs, or network entity behavior. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the historical data is processed via a machine learning algorithm or a self-organizing method. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the target cell is one of a plurality of target cells. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the operating mode for handover includes a fast cell selection operating mode. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the plurality of cells includes one or more of the adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the beam management report includes one or more of the intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the computer program product, the switching instruction includes one or more of the medium access control elements. In some embodiments of the computer program product, one or more user devices, networks, radio access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the following: one or more operating mode configurations, beam management information, or timing advance information associated for at least each of the multiple cells. In some embodiments of the computer program product, one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the following: fast cell selection conditional handover configurations, first beam management information, or second beam management information for each of the multiple cells.

[0036] According to aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided which includes means for determining which operating mode to use for handover. The apparatus may further include means for causing the apparatus to transmit one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells to user equipment. The apparatus may further include means for receiving beam management reports from user equipment which include beam management information for a plurality of cells. The apparatus may further include means for determining, based at least on the beam management reports, to instruct user equipment to switch from a first serving cell to a second serving cell. The apparatus may further include means for causing the apparatus to transmit switching instructions to user equipment which include an instruction to switch to a target beam of a target cell, wherein the target cell becomes the second serving cell.

[0037] In some embodiments, the device may further include means for causing a handover request to be transmitted to a target cell, the handover request including instructions for configuring the target cell for a fast cell selection conditional handover. In some embodiments, the device may further include means for receiving a handover request acknowledgment from the target cell. In some embodiments, the device may further include means for causing one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells to be stored. In some embodiments, the device may further include means for causing a beam management report, including beam management information for multiple cells, to be transmitted to a target cell. In some embodiments of the device, the handover request includes a transmit configuration indicator state.

[0038] In some embodiments, the device may further include means for transmitting trigger conditions to the user device that cause the user device to dynamically switch to a target cell.

[0039] In some embodiments, the device may further include means for causing one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells to be transmitted to a target cell.

[0040] In some embodiments of the device, the decision to use an operating mode for handover is based on historical data, which includes one or more of the following: the number of handovers, duration, threshold, metadata, communication logs, or network entity behavior. In some embodiments of the device, the historical data is processed via a machine learning algorithm or a self-organizing method. In some embodiments of the device, the target cell is one of a plurality of target cells. In some embodiments of the device, the operating mode for handover includes a fast cell selection operating mode. In some embodiments of the device, the plurality of cells includes one or more of the following: adjacent cells of a first serving cell, adjacent cells of a second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell. In some embodiments of the device, the beam management report includes one or more of the intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with the plurality of cells. In some embodiments of the device, the switching instruction includes one or more of the medium access control elements. In some embodiments of the device, one or more user equipment, networks, radio access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the following: one or more operating mode configurations, beam management information, or timing advance information associated for at least each of the multiple cells. In some embodiments of the device, one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the following: fast cell selection conditional handover configurations for each of the multiple cells, first beam management information, or second beam management information.

[0041] Various other embodiments are described in the following detailed description and in the attached claims.

[0042] While embodiments of this disclosure have been described using general terminology, references to the attached drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, are made here. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0043] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows exemplary architectures for a communication network according to several embodiments. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows exemplary architectures for a communication network according to several embodiments. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows exemplary architectures for a communication network according to several embodiments. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows an exemplary computing device for communicating with other network entities over a communication network, according to several embodiments. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an exemplary architecture for a communications network, including base stations, cells, and beams, according to several embodiments. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating signaling between communication devices over a network infrastructure in several embodiments. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operations performed by a communication device or other client device, etc., according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the operations performed by a communication device or other client device, etc., according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating the operations performed by a communication device or other client device, etc., according to several exemplary embodiments. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0044] Some embodiments of the present invention are described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some, though not all, embodiments of the present invention. In fact, various embodiments of the present invention can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein, but rather these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure may satisfy applicable legal requirements. The term "or" is used herein in both an alternative and a conjunctive sense unless otherwise indicated. The terms "exemplary" and "exemplifying" are used as examples and not to indicate a level of quality. Throughout, similar reference numbers refer to similar elements. Where used herein, the terms "data," "content," "information," and similar terms can be used interchangeably to refer to data that can be transmitted, received, and / or stored according to embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, any use of any such terms should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] In addition, as used herein, the term “circuit configuration” means (a) a hardware-only circuit implementation (e.g., implementations in analog and / or digital circuit configurations), (b) a combination of a circuit and a computer program product including software and / or firmware instructions stored in one or more computer-readable memories that work together to cause the device to perform one or more functions described herein, and (c) a circuit such as a microprocessor or part of a microprocessor that requires software or firmware for operation even if the software or firmware is not physically present. This definition of “circuit configuration” applies to all uses of this term herein, including in all claims. As a further example, the term “circuit configuration” as used herein also includes implementations including one or more processors and / or parts thereof, and accompanying software and / or firmware. As another example, the term “circuit configuration” as used herein also includes, for example, a baseband integrated circuit or application processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone, or a similar integrated circuit in a server, cellular network device, other network device, and / or other computing device.

[0046] In addition, as used herein, the terms “node,” “entity,” “intermediary,” “intermediary entity,” “mediator,” and similar terms can be substituted to refer to a computer connected via one or more networks, or a program running on such one or more networks, capable of creating, modifying, deleting, transmitting, receiving, and / or storing data, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the use of any such terms should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] In addition, as used herein, the terms “user equipment,” “user device,” “device,” “apparatus,” “mobile device,” “personal computer,” “laptop computer,” “laptop,” “desktop computer,” “desktop,” “mobile phone,” “tablet,” “smartphone,” “smart device,” “cell phone,” “computing device,” “communication device,” “user communication device,” “terminal,” and similar terms can be substituted to refer to apparatus that may be embodied by a computing device configured to access one or more networks for the purpose of transmitting communication signals at least over wire and / or wirelessly, as described in particular embodiments of the Disclosure. Therefore, the use of any such terms should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the Disclosure.

[0048] In addition, as used herein, the terms “network slice,” “specific slice,” “slice,” “network portion,” and similar terms can be used interchangeably to refer to an end-to-end logical communication network, or a portion thereof, within a PLMN, SNPN, PNI-NPN, or another network.

[0049] As defined herein, “computer-readable storage medium” can be distinguished from “computer-readable transmission medium” which refers to non-temporary physical storage mediums (e.g., volatile or non-volatile memory devices) as defined herein. Such mediums can take many forms, including but not limited to non-temporary computer-readable storage mediums (e.g., non-volatile or volatile media) and transmission mediums. Transmission mediums include, for example, coaxial cables, copper wires, optical fiber cables, and carrier waves that travel through space without wires or cables, such as radio waves, optical waves, and infrared waves, as well as acoustic and electromagnetic waves. Signals include artificial transient variations in amplitude, frequency, phase, polarization, or other physical properties transmitted through a transmission medium. Examples of non-temporary computer-readable media include magnetic computer-readable media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, and any other magnetic media), optical computer-readable media (e.g., compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multipurpose disc (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD), etc., or combinations thereof), random access memory (RAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), FLASH-EPROM, or any other non-temporary media that a computer can read. The term computer-readable storage medium is used herein to refer to any computer-readable medium other than transmission media. However, if an embodiment is described as using a computer-readable storage medium, it will be understood that alternative embodiments may use other types of computer-readable media instead of, or in addition to, a computer-readable storage medium.

[0050] In the following, specific embodiments will be described with reference to communication devices capable of communicating over wire and / or wireless networks, and communication systems that provide services to such communication devices. Before describing these exemplary embodiments in detail, the specific general principles of wire and / or wireless communication systems, their access systems, and communication devices will be briefly described with reference to Figures 1-3 to help understand the underlying technology of the examples described.

[0051] According to some embodiments, communication devices or terminals can be provided for wireless access via cells, base stations, access points, etc. (for example, wireless transmitter nodes and / or receiver nodes providing access points for a wireless access communication system, and / or other forms of wire and / or wireless networks), or combinations thereof. Such wire and / or wireless networks include, but are not limited to, networks configured to conform to 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G, and / or other similar, or future communication network standards to be developed. This disclosure is intended to enable any method, apparatus, computer program code, and any part or combination thereof to be implemented using communication networks and related standards that have not yet been developed, as will be understood by those skilled in the art in light of this disclosure.

[0052] Access points and communications through them are typically controlled by at least one suitable control device to enable their operation and the management of mobile communication devices communicating with them. In some embodiments, a control device for a node may be integrated, coupled, and / or otherwise provided by the access point to control the access point. In some embodiments, a control device may be configured to enable communication between user equipment and the core network, or between network entities of the core network. For this purpose, the control device may include at least one memory, at least one data processing unit such as a processor, and input / output interfaces (e.g., Global Positioning System receiver / transmitter, keyboard, mouse, touchpad, display, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Bluetooth, Ethernet, wire / wireless connection, etc., or a combination thereof). The control device may be connected to other relevant components of the access point via the interfaces. The control device may be configured to run appropriate software code to provide control functions. It is understood that similar components may be provided elsewhere in the network system, for example, in a control device located in a core network entity. The control device may be interconnected with other control entities. The control device and its functions can be distributed among multiple control units. In some embodiments, each base station may include a control device. In alternative embodiments, two or more base stations may share a control device.

[0053] Access points and their associated controllers can communicate with each other via fixed-line connections and / or via wireless interfaces. Logical connections between base station nodes can be provided, for example, by X2, S1, similar interfaces, or a combination thereof. These interfaces can be used, for example, to coordinate station operations and to perform reselection or handover operations. A logical communication connection between the first and last communication nodes of a network can include multiple intermediate nodes. In addition, any node can be added to or removed from a logical communication connection as needed to establish and maintain network functional communication.

[0054] A communication device or user equipment may include any suitable device capable of receiving at least a communication signal containing data. The communication signal may be transmitted via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination thereof. For example, a device may be a wireless receiver, a handheld data processing device with data processing and user interface equipment. Non-limiting examples include mobile stations (MS) known as mobile phones or so-called “smartphones,” portable computers such as laptops or tablet computers with wireless interface cards or other wireless interface capabilities, personal digital assistants (PDAs) with wireless communication capabilities, or any combination thereof. Further examples include wearable wireless devices such as watches or smartwatches, eyewear, helmets, hats, clothing, earpieces with wireless connectivity, jewelry, etc., Universal Serial Bus (USB) sticks with wireless capabilities, modem data cards, machine-type devices, or any combination thereof.

[0055] In some embodiments, a communication device configured to communicate with a wireless network or core network entity can be exemplified by a handheld, other mobile communication device, or user equipment. A mobile communication device may comprise wireless communication capabilities and appropriate electronic control devices to enable its operation. Thus, a communication device may comprise at least one data processing entity, such as a central processing unit and / or core processor, at least one memory, and other possible components, such as additional processors and memory, for use in software- and hardware-assisted execution of tasks designed to be performed. The data processing unit, memory, and other associated control devices may be provided on a suitable circuit board and / or within a chipset. The data processing and memory functions provided by the control devices of the communication device are configured to trigger control and signaling operations according to specific embodiments described later herein. The user can control the operation of the communication device by an appropriate user interface, such as a touch-sensitive display screen or pad and / or keypad, one actuator button from a set of actuator buttons, voice commands, or a combination thereof. A speaker and microphone are also typically provided. Furthermore, mobile communication devices may include appropriate connectors (either wired or wireless) for connecting to other devices and / or external accessories, such as hands-free devices.

[0056] In some embodiments, the communication device can communicate wirelessly via one or more suitable devices for sending and receiving signals (e.g., a Global Positioning System receiver / transmitter, a remote touchpad interface with a remote display, a Wi-Fi interface, etc.). In some embodiments, a wireless unit can be connected to the device's control unit. The wireless unit may include a wireless portion and an associated antenna configuration. The antenna configuration may be located inside or outside the communication device.

[0057] Figures 1 to 3 illustrate various exemplary architectures for a communication network 100 that can execute and / or use various methods, devices, and computer program products. In some embodiments, the communication network 100 may include any appropriate configuration, number, orientation, location, and / or dimensions of components and dedicated equipment configured to provide an air interface (e.g., a new radio (NR)) for communication or connection between user equipment 102 (UE102) and data network 116 (DN116) via the core network 101 (CN101) of the communication network 100. The UE102 may be associated with one or more devices associated with one or more network function (NF) service consumers. As illustrated in Figure 1, the communication network 100 may be provided such that the UE102 operably communicates with a radio access network 104 (RAN104) via a transmitting tower, base station, access point, network node, etc. In some embodiments, the RAN104 may communicate with CN101 or its components or entities. In some embodiments, CN101 can facilitate communication between UE102 and DN116, such as for transmitting data, messages, requests, etc., or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, DN116 or CN101 can communicate with an application server or application function 112 (AS / AF112). RAN104, CN101, DN116, and / or AS / AF112 can be associated with a network repository function (NRF), NF service producer, service communication proxy (SCP), security edge protection proxy (SEPP), policy billing function (PCF), etc., or a combination thereof.

[0058] In the context of a 5G network as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the communication network 100 may include a set of connected network devices, dedicated hardware distributed across service areas, states, regions, cities, or countries, and one or more network entities that can be stored and / or hosted by one or more of the connected network devices or dedicated hardware. In some embodiments, UE 102 may be connected to RAN 104, which may relay communication between UE 102 and CN 101, and CN 101 may be connected to DN 116, which may communicate with one or more AS / AF 112. In some embodiments, UE 102 may communicate with RAN 104, which may act as a relay between UE 102 and other components or services of CN 101. For example, in some embodiments, UE 102 may communicate with RAN 104, while RAN 104 may communicate with an access and mobility management function 108 (AMF 108). In other cases or embodiments, UE 102 may communicate directly with AMF 108. In some embodiments, the AMF108 can communicate with one or more network functions (NFs), such as an authentication server function 120 (AUSF120), a network slice selection function 122 (NSSF122), a network repository function 124 (NRF124), a policy billing function 114 (PCF114), a network data analysis function 126 (NWDAF126), an integrated data management function 118 (UDM118), an AS / AF112, and a session management function 110 (SMF110).

[0059] In some embodiments, the SMF110 can communicate with one or more user plane functions 106 (UPF106, UPF106a, UPF106b, collectively referred to as "UPF106"). As just one example, in some embodiments, UPF106 can communicate with RAN104 and DN116. In other embodiments, DN116 can communicate with the first UPF106a, and RAN104 can communicate with the second UPF106b, while the SMF110 communicates with both the first and second UPF106a and b, and the first and second UPF106a and b communicate with each other.

[0060] In some embodiments, UE102 may include single-mode or dual-mode devices to connect to one or more RANs (e.g., RAN104). In some embodiments, RAN104 may be configured to implement one or more radio access technologies (RATs), such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and, among others, Global Mobile Communications System (GSM), Universal Mobile Communications System (UMTS), LTE, or 5G NR, which can be used to connect UE102 to CN101. In some embodiments, RAN104 may have or use a silicon chip in UE102 that can be paired with or recognized by a similar chip in CN101, so that RAN104 can identify a chip in UE102 and pair it with a chip in CN101 to establish a communication connection or circuit between UE102 and CN101. In some embodiments, RAN104 may implement one or more base stations, towers, etc., to communicate between UE102 and AMF108 in CN101.

[0061] In some embodiments, the communication network 100 or its components (e.g., base stations, towers, etc.) can be configured to communicate with communication devices such as cell phones (e.g., UE102) over multiple different frequency bands, such as FR1 (below 6 GHz), FR2 (millimeter wave), other suitable frequency bands, and subbands thereof. In some embodiments, the communication network 100 may include or employ large-scale multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas. In some embodiments, the communication network 100 may include multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) antennas. In some embodiments, the communication network 100 may employ edge computing to reduce latency and data traffic congestion, thereby bringing computing servers closer to the communication devices (e.g., UE102) communicatively, physically, computationally, and / or temporally. In some embodiments, the communication network 100 may employ other technologies, devices, or techniques such as small cells, low-power RAN, radio beamforming, Wi-Fi cellular convergence, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), channel coding, or a combination thereof.

[0062] As shown in Figure 3, UE102 can be configured to communicate with CN101 on the N1 interface, for example, according to a Non-Access Layer (NAS) protocol. In some embodiments, RAN104 can be configured to communicate with CN101 or its components (e.g., AMF108) on the N2 interface, for example, in the control plane between the RAN104 base station and AMF108. In some embodiments, RAN104 can be configured to communicate with UPF106 on the N3 interface, for example, in the user plane. In some embodiments, AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with other services or network entities within CN101 on various different interfaces and / or according to various different protocols. For example, in some embodiments, AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with AUSF120 on the Nausf interface or the N12 interface. In some embodiments, AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with NSSF122 on the Nnssf interface. In some embodiments, the AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with the NRF124 on the Nnrf interface. In some embodiments, the AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with the PCF114 on the Npcf interface or the N7 interface. In some embodiments, the AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with the NWDAF126 on the Nnwdaf interface. In some embodiments, the AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with the UDM118 on the Nudm interface, the N8 interface, or the N10 interface. In some embodiments, the AMF108 and / or SMF110 can be configured to communicate with the AS / AF112 on the Naf interface.In some embodiments, the SMF110 can be configured to communicate with the UPF106 in an N4 interface that can function as a bridge between the control plane and the user plane, such as acting as a conduit for a protocol data unit (PDU) session, during which information is transmitted, for example, between the UE102 and the CN101 or its components / services.

[0063] It will be understood that certain exemplary embodiments described herein occur in the context of telecommunications networks, including but not limited to telecommunications networks that conform to and / or incorporate aspects of a fifth-generation (5G) architecture. Figures 1 to 3 show various configurations and / or components of an exemplary architecture of communication network 100, and many other systems, system configurations, networks, network entities, and routes / protocols for communication therein are contemplated and considered within the scope of this disclosure.

[0064] The methods, devices / apparatus, and computer program products / code described herein are illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 and are described within the context of fifth-generation core networks (5GC) and systems as described above; however, the described methods, devices, and computer program products can be applied in a broader context within any suitable telecommunications system, network, standard, and / or protocol. In light of this disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described methods, devices, and computer program products can also be applied to undeveloped future networks and systems.

[0065] Next, moving to Figure 4, examples of devices that may be embodied by user equipment or by network entities such as servers or other computing devices, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, are shown. As described below in conjunction with the flowcharts and block diagrams presented herein, the device 200 of the exemplary embodiment can be configured to perform the functions described herein. In any case, the device 200 can be embodied by computing devices such as servers, personal computers, computer workstations, or other types of computing devices, including those that function as components of user equipment and / or wireless networks or wireless local area networks. Regardless of how the device 200 is embodied, the device of the exemplary embodiment can be configured, as shown in Figure 4, to be associated with or communicate with a processor 202 and a memory device 204, and, in some embodiments, a and / or a communication interface 206.

[0066] Although not shown, the apparatus of the exemplary embodiment may optionally include a user interface such as a touchscreen, display, keypad, etc., or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the apparatus of the exemplary embodiment may be configured with a global positioning circuit including a global positioning receiver and / or global positioning transmitter configured to communicate with one or more global navigation satellite systems (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, etc., or a combination thereof). The global positioning circuit may be configured for transmitting and / or receiving direct / indirect satellite signals and / or cell signals to determine geolocation data (e.g., latitude, longitude, height, altitude, geographic coordinates, etc., or a combination thereof) for the apparatus and / or another communication device associated with the apparatus or one or more global navigation satellite systems.

[0067] The processor 202 (and / or a coprocessor assisting or associated with the processor, or any other arbitrary circuit configuration) can communicate with the memory device 204 via a bus for passing information between components of the device 200. The memory device may include one or more volatile and / or non-volatile memories, such as non-temporary memory devices. In other words, for example, the memory device may be an electronic storage device (e.g., a computer-readable storage medium) including gates configured to store data (e.g., bits) that can be retrieved by a machine (e.g., a computing device such as a processor). The memory device may be configured to store information, data, content, applications, instructions, etc., or combinations thereof, to enable the device to perform various functions. For example, the memory device may be configured to buffer input data for processing by the processor. In addition to, or instead of, the memory device may also be configured to store instructions for execution by the processor.

[0068] In some embodiments, the device 200 can be embodied in various computing devices as described above. However, in some embodiments, the device can be embodied as a chip or chipset. In other words, the device may include one or more physical packages (e.g., a chip) including materials, components, and / or wires on a structural assembly (e.g., a baseboard). The structural assembly can provide the component circuit configuration contained therein with physical strength, size preservation, and / or limitations on electrical interaction. Thus, in some cases, the device may be configured to carry out embodiments of the present invention on a single chip or as a single "system on a chip". Thus, in some cases, the chip or chipset may constitute means for performing one or more operations to provide the functions described herein.

[0069] The processor 202 can be embodied in many different ways. For example, the processor can be embodied as one or more of various hardware processing means, such as a coprocessor, a microprocessor, a controller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a processing element with or without an associated DSP, or various other circuit configurations including integrated circuits such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microcontroller units (MCUs), hardware accelerators, dedicated computer chips, etc. Thus, in some embodiments, the processor can include one or more processing cores configured to run independently. A multicore processor enables multi-processing within a single physical package. In addition to, or instead of, the processor can include one or more processors configured in tandem via a bus, enabling independent execution, pipelining, and / or multithreading of instructions.

[0070] In exemplary embodiments, the processor 202 may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory device 204, or instructions accessible to the processor. Alternatively, or in addition to the above, the processor may be configured to execute hardcoded functions. Thus, whether or not it is configured by hardware methods, software methods, or a combination thereof, the processor may represent an entity (e.g., physically embodied in a circuit configuration) that can perform the operations according to embodiments of the present disclosure while configured accordingly. For example, if the processor is embodied as an ASIC, FPGA, etc., or a combination thereof, the processor may be hardware specifically configured to perform the operations described herein. Or, as another example, if the processor is embodied as an instruction executor, the instructions may specifically configure the processor to perform the algorithms and / or operations described herein when the instructions are executed. However, in some cases, the processor may be the processor of a particular device (e.g., an encoder and / or decoder) configured to apply embodiments of the present invention by further configuring the processor with instructions for performing the algorithms and / or operations described herein. The processor may include, among other things, a clock, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and logic gates configured to support the operation of the processor.

[0071] In embodiments including a communication interface 206, the communication interface can be any means such as a device or circuit configuration embodied by either hardware or a combination of hardware and software configured to receive and / or transmit data to and from a network and / or any other device or module communicating with a device 200 such as an NF, NRF, base station, access point, SCP, UE102, RAN104, core network services, AS / AF112, database, or other storage device, or a combination thereof. In this regard, the communication interface may include, for example, one or more antennas and supporting hardware and / or software to enable communication with a wireless communication network. In addition, or instead, the communication interface may include a circuit configuration for interacting with one or more antennas to cause signals to be transmitted through one or more antennas, or to handle the reception of signals received through one or more antennas. In some embodiments, one or more antennas may include one or more of the following: dipole antennas, monopole antennas, helix antennas, loop antennas, waveguides, horn antennas, parabolic reflectors, corner reflectors, dishes, microstrip patch arrays, convex lenses, concave lenses, convex-convex lenses, concave-concave lenses, etc., or combinations thereof.

[0072] Depending on the environment, the communication interface may, alternatively or in addition, support wire communication. Therefore, for example, the communication interface may include a communication modem and / or other hardware / software to support communication via cable, digital subscriber line (DSL), USB, etc., or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the session management function (e.g., SMF110) may include 5GC session management functions for any suitable control and user plane isolation (CUPS) architecture, such as General-Purpose Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Gateway GPRS Support Node Control Plane Function (GGSN-C), Trusted Wireless Access Gateway Control Plane Function (TWAG-C), Broadband Network Gateway Control and User Plane Isolation (BNG-CUPS), N4 interface, Sxa interface, Sxb interface, Sxc interface, Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Serving Gateway Control Plane Function (SGW-C), EPC Packet Data Network Gateway Control Plane Function (PGW-C), EPC Traffic Detection Control Plane Function (TDF-C), etc., or a combination thereof.

[0073] As illustrated, the device 200 may include a processor 202 configured to communicate with a memory 204, provide signals to a communication interface 206, and receive signals from the communication interface 206. In some embodiments, the communication interface 206 may include a transmitter and a receiver. In some embodiments, the processor 202 may be configured to control at least partially the functions of the device 200. In some embodiments, the processor 202 may be configured to control the functions of a transmitter and a receiver by providing control signaling via electrical leads to the transmitter and a receiver. Similarly, the processor 202 may be configured to control other elements of the device 200 by sending control signals via electrical leads connecting the processor 202 to other elements such as a display or memory 204.

[0074] The device 200 can operate with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, access types, etc. Signals transmitted and received by the processor 202 may include signaling information in accordance with any number of different wireline or wireless networking techniques, including but not limited to applicable cellular system air interface standards and / or Wi-Fi, wireless local access network (WLAN) technologies such as IEEE 802.11, 802.16, 802.3, asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), data overcable service interface specifications (DOCSIS), etc., or combinations thereof. In addition, these signals may include voice data, user-generated data, user-requested data, etc., or combinations thereof.

[0075] For example, the device 200 and / or the cellular modem within it can operate according to various first-generation (1G) communication protocols, second-generation (2G or 2.5G) communication protocols, third-generation (3G) communication protocols, fourth-generation (4G) communication protocols, fifth-generation (5G) communication protocols, Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) communication protocols (e.g., Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)), etc., or combinations thereof. For example, the device 200 can operate according to the 2G Wireless Communication Protocol Provisional Standard (IS) 136 (IS-136), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), GSM, IS-95, Code Division Multiple Access, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), etc., or combinations thereof. In addition, for example, the device 200 can operate according to the 2.5G Wireless Communication Protocol GPRS, Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), etc., or combinations thereof. Furthermore, for example, device 200 can operate according to 3G wireless communication protocols such as UMTS, Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), etc., or combinations thereof. In addition, NA200 can operate according to 3.9G wireless communication protocols such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), etc., or combinations thereof. In addition, for example, device 200 can operate according to 4G wireless communication protocols such as LTE Advanced, 5G, and similar wireless communication protocols developed thereafter. In some embodiments, the device 200 can operate according to or within any suitable CUPS architecture framework, such as gateway GGSN-C, TWAG-C, broadband network gateway (BNG), N4 interface, Sxa interface, Sxb interface, Sxc interface, EPC SGW-C, EPC PGW-C, EPC TDF-C, etc., or a combination thereof.In fact, although this specification describes operation in conjunction with 5G systems, the apparatus and methods may be configured to operate in conjunction with many other types of systems, including systems to be developed and implemented in the future.

[0076] Some of the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using software, hardware, application logic, or a combination of software, hardware, and application logic. The software, application logic, and / or hardware may reside, for example, on memory 204, a processor 202, or an electronic component. In some exemplary embodiments, the application logic, software, or instruction set is held in one of a variety of conventional computer-readable media. In the context of this document, “computer-readable media” can mean any non-temporary medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transfer instructions for use by or associated with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer or data processor circuit configuration, using the example illustrated in Figure 4. Computer-readable media can include non-temporary computer-readable storage media that can contain or store instructions for use by or associated with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer.

[0077] Figure 5 shows an exemplary architecture of a communication network 500 in a coverage area 510 according to several embodiments. The communication network 500 includes at least three base stations (e.g., gNB, etc.) of a RAN (e.g., RAN 104, etc.), such as base station 502, base station 504, and base station 506. Each base station may be communicably connected to UE 102 at least temporarily via its respective beam. As shown, base station 502 may serve at least cell 508A and communicate with UE 102 at least via beam 512 and / or beam 513. Base station 504 may serve at least cell 508B and communicate with UE 102 at least via beam 514 and / or beam 515. Base station 506 may serve at least cell 508C and communicate with UE 102 at least via beam 516 and / or beam 517. In some embodiments, one or more base stations (e.g., 502, 504, 506, etc.) may service one or more additional cells (not shown) in at least the coverage area 510. For example, each base station may service at least three cells that serve a portion of the service area 510. Furthermore, the entirety of the coverage area 510 may be serviced by multiple cells facilitated by base stations 502, 504, and 506. It should be understood that the multiple cells of each base station may cover at least a concentric area surrounding each base station. Each cell may transmit and / or receive data through its respective beam.

[0078] UE102 can establish one or more network connections by using at least the communication interface 206 to transmit and receive communication signals between UE102 and one or more base stations (e.g., base stations 502, 504, 506, etc.) via at least the communication interface 206. It will be understood that when UE102 moves out of range of one or more cells and into range of one or more other cells, a handover procedure may be performed to move UE102 from the first serving cell to a target cell selected based on one or more conditions (e.g., signal strength, etc.). In some embodiments, the communication interface 206 of UE102 may be communicably connected to one or more of the RAN, next-generation RAN (NG-RAN), cells, beams, gNB, next-generation eNodeB (ng-eNB), node B, network functions, network entities, etc., or a combination thereof, through which communication signals can be transmitted and received. In some embodiments, the communication network 500 in Figure 5 may include one or more of the following: a terrestrial public mobile communication network (PLMN), a standalone non-public network (SNPN), a public network integrated NPN (PNI-NPN), etc.

[0079] As shown in Figure 5, UE102 is at the edge between cells 508A, 508B, and 508C, at least without linear movement and at least temporarily stationary. UE102 is within the range of beams 512 and 513 associated with cell 508A, beams 514 and 515 associated with cell 508B, and beams 516 and 517 associated with cell 508C. In consideration of this disclosure, it should be understood that even if UE102 is static with respect to linear movement (e.g., walking around the coverage area 510), frequent and / or continuous handovers between cells 508A, 508B, and / or 508C can be triggered, for example, by rotation of UE102 and / or the presence of signal obstructions (e.g., walls, moving objects, cars, etc.).

[0080] For example, coverage area 510 may include a warehouse where a forklift is driven around a UE102 (e.g., placed on the surface of a desk). As the forklift passes between UE102 and each base station, the beam may be temporarily blocked, triggering a handover to another cell, which may then return after the forklift has passed, or another handover may occur due to another obstruction (e.g., another forklift passing between UE102 and another cell, base station, and / or beam). Furthermore, it should be understood that such frequent cell changes (e.g., handovers) may be caused by one or more of the following: interruption of radio propagation by small beam wavelengths (e.g., by a car, forklift, user's hand / body, etc.), use of a narrow beam, rotation of the UE (e.g., spherical coverage of cells around the UE may not be 100%). In some embodiments, the communication network 500 of coverage area 510 may include a centralized deployment architecture such that cells, base stations, and / or other distributed units may be hosted by a common central unit (CU). In some embodiments, the centralized deployment may be configured to reduce communication latency. Improved handover procedures (e.g., FCSCHO configuration) for handling various rapid or repeated handover scenarios, such as those discussed above with respect to Figure 5, are described in further detail with reference to Figures 6-9. In some embodiments, the procedures described with respect to Figures 6-9 may be used at least in part to improve conditional handover or other procedures for cell switching.

[0081] Figure 6 shows a flowchart illustrating an exemplary signal sequence 600 for provisioning at least a conditional handover between communication devices (e.g., UE102, gNB, device 200, etc.) using an FCSCHO configuration via at least a network infrastructure (e.g., communication network 100, 500, etc.). As illustrated, the exemplary network infrastructure utilized for signal sequence 600 includes at least UE102, cell 508A, cell 508B, and 508C. Each cell may be supported by one or more base stations (e.g., gNB, etc.), such as base stations 502, 504, 506, etc. In some embodiments, the network infrastructure may be configured according to 5G system standards, etc. (e.g., 4G, LTE, etc.), and the serving RAN (e.g., RAN104, etc.) may include one or more 5G radio nodes, such as one or more gNBs or equivalents. In some embodiments, the exemplary signal sequence 600 may be implemented using one or more network infrastructures associated with one or more networks (e.g., PLMN, SNPN, etc.), each of which may include one or more network slices.

[0082] As illustrated, the signal sequence 600 begins in block 602, where UE102 is connected to cell 508A, and cell 508A, or a device associated with it (e.g., gNB, device 200, network server, etc.), identifies (e.g., detects, determines, etc.) that the use of FCS mode is useful for handling handovers associated with UE102 and at least some neighboring cells (e.g., cells 508B and 508C). In some embodiments, cell 508A may determine that FCS mode is useful for cell switching based on one or more of the following: the configuration of UE102 (e.g., composed of a serving network, etc.), historical data associated with UE102 and / or the serving network (e.g., previous decisions made on the UE and / or network by one or more network entities, etc.), a predetermined threshold (e.g., the number of handovers initiated over a period of time, etc.).

[0083] In block 604, cell 508A causes cell 508B to send a handover request, and in block 606, the handover request is acknowledged by cell 508B via a response transmission to cell 508A (e.g., made by cell 508B). In block 608, cell 508A causes cell 508C to send a handover request, and in block 610, the handover request is acknowledged by cell 508C via a response transmission to cell 508A (e.g., made by cell 508C). Handover requests transmitted between cell 508A and cells 508B and / or 508C may be configured to at least prepare the target cells (i.e., cells 508B and 508C) for the FCSCHO procedure. In some embodiments, one or more handover requests and / or one or more handover request acknowledgments may include further information to facilitate the FCSCHO procedure. For example, a handover request and / or acknowledgment may include information that CHO preparation (e.g., FCSCHO preparation) is part of a new operating mode (e.g., FCS operating mode). Furthermore, a handover request and / or acknowledgment may include information about one or more beams associated with one or more cells and / or base stations to which UE102 is switched to an adjacent cell. For example, a handover request and / or acknowledgment may include Transmit Configuration Indicator (TCI) status, etc.

[0084] In block 612, cell 508A causes cell 508B to send FCS configuration information associated with at least multiple cells. In block 614, cell 508A causes cell 508C to send FCS configuration information associated with at least multiple cells. The FCS configuration information can provide switching between multiple cells, including at least cell 508A, cell 508B, and cell 508C. The FCS configuration information causes each of the multiple cells to recognize each other and the UE context of UE102. For example, cell 508A notifies cell 508B via the FCS configuration information that cell 508A and cell 508C are ready for FCSCHO, and further cell 508A notifies cell 508C via the FCS configuration information that cell 508A and cell 508B are ready for FCSCHO.

[0085] In some embodiments, FCS configuration information may provide a configuration for a base station or other device associated with a cell that facilitates the use of an FCS operating mode. In some embodiments, the FCS configuration information is generated by one or more of the following, based at least on the FCS operating mode: a plurality of cells (e.g., cell 508A, cell 508B, cell 508C, etc.), computing devices associated with at least one of the cells (e.g., base station, server, etc.), UE102, network entities, etc. For example, one or more target cells (e.g., cell 508B and / or cell 508C) may, in response to FCS configuration information received from a serving cell, cause additional FCS configuration information to be sent back to the serving cell (e.g., cell 508A).

[0086] In block 616, cell 508A causes UE 102 to transmit FCSCHO configuration information associated with multiple cells (e.g., cell 508A, cell 508B, cell 508C, etc.). In some embodiments, the FCSCHO configuration information in block 616 may include additional FCS configuration information provided to the serving cell by one or more target cells. In some embodiments, the FCSCHO configuration information in block 616 may include additional FCS configuration information associated with the serving cell itself (e.g., cell 508A) for UE 102 to perform a return handover from another cell to the serving cell. In some embodiments, the FCSCHO configuration information in block 616 may include CHO conditions for each cell in the multiple cells, beam management report configuration (e.g., for inter-cell beam management (BM) reports, etc.), random access channel (RACH)-less handover information, etc. When UE102 receives FCSCHO configuration information, the setup configuration of the FCS operating mode for UE102 and the currently configured multiple cells is completed, and as a result, it will be understood that FCSCHO can be executed between UE102 and the currently configured multiple cells.

[0087] In block 618, UE102 causes BM report information to send to cell 508A, for example, in response to the reception of FCSCHO configuration information associated with multiple cells. In some embodiments, the BM report information may include intra-cell and / or inter-cell BM reports, and the BM report information may be generated by UE102 based on at least FCSCHO configuration information and / or BM measurement information. For example, as illustrated with respect to Figure 5, UE102 may be configured to report beams 512 and / or 513 of cell 508A, beams 514 and / or 515 of cell 508B, and beams 516 and / or 517 of cell 508C to a serving cell (e.g., cell 508A). At a minimum, based on the received BM report information (e.g., BM report, etc.), cell 508A (i.e., the serving cell) determines (e.g., determination, detection, etc.) that UE102 should switch to cell 508B by performing one or more procedures (e.g., FCSCHO, slimCHO, etc.). See block 620. In some embodiments, the determination made by cell 508A for UE102 to switch to cell 508B may be based on one or more of the following: beam metrics (e.g., signal intensity, etc.), the movement of UE102 (e.g., detection of linear movement, rotation, stationary / still position, direction toward / away from the cell, etc.).

[0088] In block 622, cell 508A causes UE 102 to transmit a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) to switch from cell 508A (e.g., and one or more associated beams) to beam 514 and / or beam 515 of cell 508B. In some embodiments, a serving cell may instruct the UE to execute a CHO (e.g., FCSCHO, slimCHO, etc.) via one or more MAC CEs to switch to, for example, a specific beam of a target neighboring cell (e.g., beam 514 and / or 515 of cell 508B). Upon receiving a MAC CE instruction, UE 102 retains all FCSCHO configurations (e.g., stored via memory, etc.) and / or stores timing advance (TA) information (e.g., for cell 508A for later use). See block 624. In some embodiments, UE 102 may utilize conventional random access memory, etc., for the storage procedure.

[0089] In block 626, cell 508A decides to retain all FCSCHO configurations (e.g., by storing them via memory). In block 628, cell 508C decides to retain all FCSCHO configurations (e.g., by storing them via memory). In some embodiments, all FCSCHO configuration cells (e.g., 508A, 508B, and 508C) decide to retain all FCSCHO configurations associated with all FCSCHO configuration cells and associated UEs (e.g., by storing them via memory). In block 630, a CHO (e.g., FCSCHO, slimCHO, etc.) procedure is performed between UE 102 and a new serving cell identified as cell 508B. As a result of the executed CHO (e.g., FCSCHO, slimCHO, etc.) procedure in block 630, UE 102 is served by cell 508B. In block 632, UE102 causes BM report information to be sent to cell 508B in response to, for example, an elapsed time period or other detected condition for triggering BM report information. In some embodiments, the BM report information may include intra-cell and / or inter-cell BM reports, and the BM report information may be generated by UE102 based on at least FCSCHO configuration information and / or BM measurement information.

[0090] Based on the received BM report information in block 632 (e.g., BM reports for cells 508A-C, etc.), cell 508B (i.e., the serving cell) determines (e.g., determine, detect, etc.) that UE102 should switch to cell 508A by performing one or more CHO procedures (e.g., FCSCHO, slimCHO, etc.). See block 634. In block 636, cell 508B causes UE102 to switch from cell 508B to beam 512 and / or beam 513 of cell 508A by sending a MAC CE. In block 638, UE102 decides to retain all FCSCHO configurations for the multiple configured cells (e.g., store them via random access memory, etc.) and / or store TA information (e.g., for cell 508B for later use). In block 640, cell 508B decides to retain all FCSCHO configurations of multiple configured cells (for example, by storing them via random access memory).

[0091] In block 642, UE102 loads stored TA information (e.g., values, etc.) (e.g., from memory, etc.) for CHO execution (e.g., RACHless, etc.). In some embodiments, UE102 may use previously stored TA information of cell 508A (e.g., stored in block 624) to perform a RACHless handover. In block 644, cell 508C holds (e.g., stores) all FCS configurations for multiple cells associated with UE102. Since the handover configuration (e.g., FCSCHO configuration, etc.) is already prepared and continuously stored by the UE and the cell, it should be understood that UE102 can continue switching between at least multiple configured cells (e.g., cells 508A-C) without increasing signaling overhead. The FCSCHO configuration may be prepared and transmitted only once, and the switch may occur without further preparation (e.g., signaling between the UE and the cell).

[0092] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6, a signal sequence 600 providing at least a conditional handover using an FCSCHO configuration may be handled at least partially by a central unit (CU) associated with multiple cells (e.g., cells 508A-C, etc.). In consideration of this disclosure, it should be understood that the CU is a node that includes at least some of the following functions: base station (e.g., gNB, etc.), functions (e.g., UE data transmission, etc.), mobility control, radio resource control (RRC), RAN sharing, positioning, session management, and other network entity functions (e.g., deriving from RAN, AMF, SMF, etc.). The CU may be communicably connected to one or more of the following: distributed units, core networks, computing devices (e.g., servers, equipment 200, etc.).

[0093] In some embodiments, the security key remains unchanged, which simplifies the procedure of signal sequence 600. CUs can be used across multiple network deployment environments, such as industrial environments like warehouses or manufacturing plants. Such network deployment environments may include fewer cells and / or more stringent (e.g., larger) latency requirements that could benefit from CU deployment. However, CU deployment can be beneficial in non-industrial environments because centralized deployment improves pooling gains. Furthermore, such centralized deployments where the involved cells share a common CU (e.g., “in the case of CU”) are highly relevant across multiple network deployment environments (e.g., public spaces, shopping centers, subways, parks, cruise ships, etc.).

[0094] In some embodiments, the RAN (e.g., RAN104) may include one or more of the following: base stations, cells, beams, central units, servers, communication interfaces, etc. In some embodiments, the RAN may be deployed in one or more coverage areas including one or more of the following: industrial environments (e.g., nuclear power plants), non-industrial environments (e.g., public parks), commercial environments (e.g., retail stores), recreational environments (e.g., amusement parks), residential environments (e.g., single-family homes, apartment buildings, townhome communities, retirement communities, etc.). In some embodiments, cell 508A (e.g., a serving cell, a first cell, etc.) notifies cell 508B (e.g., a target cell, a second cell, etc.) and / or cell 508C (e.g., a target cell, a third cell, etc.) via a handover request message that one or more of the cells are FCS ready.

[0095] In some embodiments, after a slimCHO occurs, the UE causes a new serving cell to send information to notify the new serving cell of multiple cells associated with the new operating mode (e.g., FCS mode). For example, after a CHO execution (e.g., block 630 in Figure 6), UE 102 would cause cells 508C and 508A to send information to notify the new serving cell 508B that they are configured for a CHO (e.g., FCSCHO). Furthermore, causing the new serving cell to send information about multiple cells configured for the new operating mode may be done instead of causing the serving cell to send the FCS configuration to multiple cells. For example, if UE102 notifies a new serving cell (e.g., cell 508B) of cells 508A and 508C after slimCHO, the previous actions described with respect to blocks 612 and 614 from the first serving cell (e.g., cell 508B) to cells 508B and 508C may be skipped because they are not necessary. Furthermore, the first serving cell (i.e., cell 508A) may be configured to store FCS configuration information associated with at least several cells, as described with respect to the actions of blocks 612 and 614.

[0096] In some embodiments, if the current serving cell determines that another slimCHO is needed (e.g., desired, required, etc.) and the current serving cell sends a MAC CE (e.g., as performed by cell 508A in block 622 of Figure 6), the current serving cell may cause the next serving cell (e.g., cell 508B) to send the most recent (e.g., most recent, etc.) BM measurement received via the UE's BM report transmission. For example, if cell 508A causes cell 508B to send BM report information during or before the operation described with respect to block 632 of Figure 6, the UE may not perform at least part of the operation in block 632. In consideration of this disclosure, it should be understood that by providing BM report information from the current serving cell to the next serving cell, the system avoids the extended latency associated with directly receiving the first BM measurement from the UE.

[0097] In some embodiments, BM measurements (e.g., BM report information) may be sent to a new serving cell before the operation described with respect to block 632 in Figure 6. In some embodiments, BM measurements (e.g., BM report information) may be sent to one or more cells (e.g., a new serving cell) at predetermined time intervals (e.g., every 80 milliseconds (ms), every 160 ms, etc.). In some embodiments, the predetermined time interval at which BM measurements (e.g., BM report information) may be sent to one or more cells (e.g., a new serving cell) may be dynamically adjusted (e.g., the predetermined time interval may be dynamically increased or decreased at least once). For example, BM report information may be sent every 80 milliseconds, and after a set number of transmissions or after a predetermined time interval has elapsed, additional BM report information may be sent every 160 milliseconds.

[0098] In some embodiments, a previous serving cell (e.g., cell 508A as described above with respect to Figure 6) that constitutes a new operating mode (e.g., an FCS operating mode) determines, by using historical data (e.g., via machine learning, self-organizing methods, etc.), that the new operating mode can be utilized (e.g., useful for the current UE's behavior and environment, etc.). For example, if many conventional handovers occur within a predetermined period (e.g., a short period / interval, a predetermined period / interval, etc.) between multiple cells and a UE, this may indicate that the new operating mode can be applied to this UE and / or multiple cells.

[0099] In some embodiments, historical data may include one or more of the following: the location of the UE, the path and / or direction the UE traverses, the number of handovers, the number of times a particular cell was a service-providing cell for a particular UE, duration / interval, handover threshold, duration / interval threshold, metadata associated with the UE / cell / network, and historical logs of the UE / cell / network. For example, using FCS mode may determine that a serving cell was used based on the determination that the UE remained within the same 500-square-foot coverage area serviced by the same multiple cells for at least 5 minutes, but changed serving cells at least 5 times between the multiple cells. In some embodiments, the coverage area may cover multiple levels (e.g., floors within a building), and therefore the coverage area may include three-dimensional space (e.g., 100 cubic meters). In some embodiments, the RAN or a portion thereof may service multiple levels.

[0100] In some embodiments, the MAC CE trigger for CHO is used in addition to (e.g., instead of) conventional CHO conditions. In some embodiments, conventional CHO conditions can be used as a fallback in case the MAC CE trigger for CHO fails (e.g., no response, transmission lost, etc.). In cases where MAC CE is lost due to poor radio conditions, the UE can then still autonomously perform CHO, thereby avoiding a handover failure. Furthermore, CHO conditions may be configured to trigger later to give the MAC CE trigger sufficient time to initiate, execute, and complete the slimCHO procedure. In some embodiments, the UE may send instructions (e.g., transmit, send, etc.) to a new serving cell in response to one or more of the MAC CE, conventional CHO conditions, etc.

[0101] In some embodiments, a serving cell (e.g., cell 508A) can deconfigure the FCS configuration of a plurality of cells (e.g., cells 508B-C) by causing one or more of the plurality of FCS configuration cells (e.g., cells 508B, 508C) to send a deconfiguration message (e.g., outgoing, transmitting, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of cells (e.g., cells 508B, 508C) can request the deconfiguration of the FCS configuration of the plurality of cells by notifying the serving cell (e.g., causing the serving cell to send a deconfiguration request message). For example, cell 508B and / or 508C may determine that it can no longer reserve resources (e.g., computing resources, processing power, memory space, communication channels, etc.) for the UE 102 associated with the FCS operating mode, and accordingly, cell 508B and / or 508C may cause cell 508A (e.g., the serving cell) to send a deconfiguration request message. In some embodiments, the deconfiguration request message may be generated and / or sent based on the determination that the UE is no longer within the coverage area of ​​one or more of the FCS configuration cells. In some embodiments, one or more cells may be deconfigured from the FCS configuration cells. For example, cell 508C may be deconfigured from the FCS configuration cells, while cells 508A and 508B may remain configured within the FCS configuration cells. In some embodiments, another cell may be configured into multiple FCS configuration cells to replace one or more deconfigured cells based on a new location of the UE (for example, within a new coverage area which may at least partially include a portion of the previous coverage area).

[0102] In some embodiments, the FCSCHO configuration (at least partially generated by cells 508A-C via at least handover requests and acknowledgments transmitted in blocks 604-610 of Figure 6) may include non-conflicting random access (CFRA) resources. In some embodiments, the CFRA resources include dedicated preambles valid for specific beams. For example, the FCSCHO configuration of cell 508A may include at least two dedicated preambles, namely a first preamble for beam 512 and a second preamble for beam 513. Furthermore, the FCSCHO configuration of cell 508B may include at least two dedicated preambles, namely a first preamble for beam 514 and a second preamble for beam 515. The FCSCHO configuration of cell 508C may include at least two dedicated preambles, namely a first preamble for beam 516 and a second preamble for beam 517. The CFRA resources may be configured to accelerate the FCS operating mode. For example, if the UE is stationary (e.g., not moving, stationary) or considered relatively stationary (e.g., the gNB transmit beam is not outdated), the CFRA resource may be reserved for only one or more beams out of multiple beams (e.g., all beams associated with multiple FCS configuration cells). In consideration of this disclosure, it should be understood that the use of the CFRA resource consumes fewer resources than conventional methods that require resources continuously reserved at each cell (e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and / or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) reference signals, etc.) (e.g., CoMP, etc., which requires the UE to connect to the cell simultaneously).

[0103] In some embodiments, multiple cells (e.g., FCSCHO configuration cells) may be updated (e.g., cells may be added or removed, new report information may be determined, etc.). For example, a cell among multiple cells may be determined to have too weak a signal and therefore no longer be a viable serving / target cell, and may be removed from the multiple cells (e.g., by the serving cell, UE, the cell itself, etc.). Furthermore, a cell not associated with multiple cells (e.g., FCSCHO configuration cells) may become a more viable serving / target cell (e.g., determined to have a stronger / improved signal intensity, etc.), and accordingly, the cell may be added to the multiple cells. In some embodiments, as described above with respect to Figure 6, one or more cells may be added to or removed from multiple cells by canceling the current FCS operating mode and / or FCS configuration and then setting a different FCS operating mode and / or FCS configuration. In consideration of this disclosure, it should be understood that canceling and setting a different FCS operating mode may reduce the likelihood of causing a race condition or similar problem.

[0104] In some embodiments, the current serving cell may perform one or more preparatory actions (e.g., determining the BM report information for each cell and sending a cancel / delete request to each cell) to cancel each cell from a group of cells (e.g., to remove each cell from a group of FCSCHO configuration cells). In some embodiments, the current serving cell may perform one or more preparatory actions (e.g., determining the BM report information for each cell and sending an add / handover request to each cell) to add each cell to a group of cells (e.g., to remove each cell from a group of FCSCHO configuration cells). In some embodiments, the current serving cell may update information associated with a group of cells to reflect one or more added cells and / or one or more deleted / cancelled cells. For example, the serving cell may receive a request acknowledgment from one or more of the added, deleted, or canceled cells, and in response, the serving cell may update FCS configuration information, etc.

[0105] Figure 7 shows a flowchart of an exemplary operation 700 for provisioning at least a conditional handover between communication devices (e.g., UE102, gNB, device 200, etc.) via at least a network infrastructure (e.g., communication network 100, 500, etc.) using an FCSCHO configuration. The exemplary network infrastructure used for performing exemplary operation 700 includes at least cells 508A-C and UE102. In some embodiments, one or more of the operations described with respect to Figure 7 may be performed by a system (e.g., one or more systems of network entities) in accordance with at least some of the signals described above with respect to Figure 6.

[0106] In block 702, the UE is connected to a first cell (e.g., a serving cell, cell A, cell 508A, etc.) which identifies one or more conditions (e.g., determination, etc.) for use in the FCS operating mode. For example, the first cell may be configured with an FCS configuration that identifies handover scenarios and / or conditions for identifying handover cases that would benefit from the FCSCHO technique. In block 704, the first cell (e.g., cell A) prepares a second cell (e.g., a target cell, cell B, cell 508B, etc.) and a third cell (e.g., a target cell, cell C, cell 508C, etc.) for the FCS operating mode, at least by a handover request. The handover request may include one or more of the following: TCI status or FCS configuration information. The handover request from the first cell includes at least an instruction indicating that the prepared cell is currently in an FCS group. In block 706, the first cell notifies the second cell that the first cell and the third cell are CHO ready. In addition, the first cell notifies the third cell that the first cell and the second cell are CHO ready. Thus, the first cell leads the second and third cells to each other so that each cell is in the same FCS group as the first cell, which means that when the UE enters a particular cell from another cell, the beam report configuration is updated according to the FCS group (for example, when in the first cell, the UE is configured to also report beam information related to the second and third cells).

[0107] In block 708, the first cell may configure or reconfigure the UE with one or more CHO (e.g., FCSCHO) configurations associated with the second cell and / or the third cell. In addition, the first cell may configure inter-cell and / or intra-cell BM reports in the UE in place of or in addition to CHO conditions (e.g., FCSCHO conditions) (e.g., via transmission of configuration information, etc.). In some embodiments, the UE configuration or reconfiguration may include one or more of the following for one or more cells in the FCS group of the cell: CHO configurations, conditional CHO configurations, unconditional CHO configurations, MAC CE switching configurations, RACH-less configurations, BM report configurations, etc.

[0108] In block 710, the UE performs intra-cell and / or inter-cell BM reports to the first cell (e.g., serving cell, cell A, cell 508A, etc.) associated with beams 512 and 513, a second cell associated with beams 514 and 515, and / or a third cell associated with beams 516 and 517. In some embodiments, a cell may be associated with multiple beams. For example, as shown with reference to Figure 5, cell 508A is associated with beams 512 and 513. In block 712, the first cell determines that the UE may perform the slimCHO procedure on one or more beams of one or more cells. In addition, the first cell may decide to send a MAC CE to the UE to switch to another cell (e.g., a second cell, etc.). In some embodiments, the first cell (e.g., a serving cell, etc.) may indicate to the UE a target cell such as a second cell, a third cell, etc.

[0109] In block 714, the UE executes a slimCHO procedure to switch to a second cell (e.g., a target cell identified by the first cell while it is functioning as a serving cell), and the UE and / or network may remember all CHO configurations for all cells in the FCS group (e.g., the first cell, the second cell, the third cell, etc.). In addition, if the UE is requested to switch back to the first cell from the second cell or another serving cell, the UE may remember TA information for the first cell that was previously the serving cell. In block 716, the UE triggers intra-cell and / or inter-cell BM reports to the second cell (e.g., the current serving cell, cell B, cell 508B, etc.) of the first cell associated with beams 512 and 513, the second cell associated with beams 514 and 515, and / or the third cell associated with beams 516 and 517. In some embodiments, one or more additional cells (e.g., a fourth cell, etc.) may be detected (e.g., by a UE, a serving cell, etc.), added to the FCS group of cells, and / or reported by the UE's BM report to the serving cell.

[0110] In block 718, a second cell (e.g., the current serving cell) may perform slimCHO procedures, etc., directed by the UE to one or more beams of one or more cells (e.g., an FCS group of cells). In addition, the second cell may decide to send a MAC CE to the UE to switch to another cell (e.g., the first cell, the third cell, etc.). In some embodiments, the second cell (e.g., the serving cell) may indicate to the UE a target cell such as the first cell, the third cell, etc. In block 720, the UE performs slimCHO, etc., directed to the first cell using the stored TA information and RACHless handover. In addition, the UE and / or network may store all CHO configurations for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell. Furthermore, the UE may store TA information for the second cell (e.g., the previous serving cell). In some embodiments, the UE may reuse a first BM report configuration reported to a first cell. In some embodiments, the UE may use a second BM report configuration reported to a second cell, or another BM report configuration reported to another serving cell. In some embodiments, switching between cells via handover may be determined based on the BM report configuration (e.g., BM report information).

[0111] Figure 8 shows a flowchart of the operation of an exemplary method 800 performed by an exemplary apparatus 200, which in one embodiment may be embodied by one or more computing devices (such as those described above with respect to Figure 4), such as user equipment (e.g., UE102, smartphone, laptop computer, etc.), which may include a computer program product including a non-temporary computer-readable medium for storing computer program code executed by at least a processor 202. The user equipment may communicate with at least a wireless network, such as a communication network 100, via one or more of cells, beams, base stations, etc. As shown in block 802, the apparatus 200 of this exemplary embodiment includes means such as a processor 202, memory 204, communication interface 206, etc., for receiving one or more operating mode configurations for a plurality of cells from a first serving cell.

[0112] As shown in Block 804, the device 200 (e.g., a smartphone, laptop, or tablet computer) is further comprised of means such as a processor 202, a communication interface 206, etc., for determining first beam management information for multiple cells. In response to the determination of the first beam management information, the device 200 of this exemplary embodiment may further include means such as a processor 202, a memory 204, a communication interface 206, etc., for causing the device to transmit a first beam management report, including the first beam management information for multiple cells, to a first serving cell. See Block 806.

[0113] Furthermore, the apparatus 200 of this exemplary embodiment may further include means such as a processor 202, memory 204, and communication interface 206 for receiving switching instructions from the first serving cell, including instructions to switch to the target beam of the target cell. See block 808. Upon receiving a switching instruction, or a similar instruction (e.g., an externally received and / or internally generated instruction, a predetermined threshold associated with a measurable value, the elapsed of a predetermined time interval, etc.), the apparatus 200 is configured by means for storing one or more operating mode configurations for the multiple cells. See block 810. In some embodiments, the apparatus 200 may further include means for storing timing advance information for the first serving cell (e.g., cell 508A as described above with respect to Figure 6). See block 812. In block 814, the device 200 is configured to switch from the first serving cell to the target beam of the target cell, for example, based on at least first beam management information and / or switching instructions, so that the target cell becomes the second serving cell.

[0114] Figure 9 shows a flowchart of the operation of an exemplary method 900 performed by an exemplary apparatus 200, which in one embodiment can be embodied by one or more computing devices (for example, as described above with respect to Figure 4), such as a wireless access network (e.g., RAN 104, etc.) or a part thereof (e.g., base stations 502, base stations 504, base stations 506, cell(s) 508A-C, etc.). One or more computing devices may then include a computer program product comprising a non-temporary computer-readable medium storing computer program code executed by at least a processor 202. One or more computing devices may communicate with at least a wireless network, such as a communication network 100, via one or more interfaces (e.g., an N2 interface, etc.). One or more computing devices may communicate with at least one user device, such as a UE 102, via one or more interfaces (e.g., an N2 interface, etc.). As shown in block 902, the apparatus 200 of this exemplary embodiment includes means such as a processor 202, memory 204, communication interface 206, etc., for determining which operating mode to use for handover.

[0115] As shown in block 904, the device 200 (for example, a base station 502 serving cell 508A and at least beams 512 and / or 513) may further be configured with means such as a processor 202, a communication interface 206, etc., for transmitting one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells to user equipment. The device 200 in this exemplary embodiment may further include means such as a processor 202, a memory 204, a communication interface 206, etc., for receiving beam management reports containing beam management information for multiple cells from user equipment. See block 906. In some embodiments, the device 200 may further be configured with means for transmitting information regarding operating modes for handover to multiple cells.

[0116] Furthermore, the apparatus 200 of this exemplary embodiment may further include means such as a processor 202, memory 204, communication interface 206, etc., for determining whether to instruct user equipment to switch from a first serving cell to a second serving cell, based at least on beam management reports. See block 908. If the apparatus 200 has decided to instruct user equipment to switch to a serving cell, or based on one or more similar instructions (e.g., an externally received and / or internally generated instruction, a predetermined threshold associated with a measurable value, the passage of a predetermined time interval, etc.), the apparatus 200 is configured to cause user equipment to transmit a switching instruction, which includes an instruction to switch to the target beam of the target cell, the target cell becoming the second serving cell. See block 910. In some embodiments, the apparatus 200 may further include means for storing one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells.

[0117] In light of this disclosure, it should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein offer several improvements over conventional systems. The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide frequent switching between multiple cells with significantly less overhead than conventional systems. For example, handover preparation can be performed only once, after which the UE can switch between configured cells using the slimCHO / MAC CE procedure. The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide further robustness through the use of FCSCHO and less signaling, enabling earlier and / or more aggressive switching and faster modification of previous decisions (e.g., previous target cell selection and switching). Furthermore, handover interruption time is reduced by storing TA information and using the stored TA information for RACH-less execution. In addition, through MAC CE triggering of FCSCHO, the network can be configured to initiate more efficient data packet forwarding, as the UE can determine with a higher level of certainty (in contrast to the uncertainty associated with conventional systems) the moment when switching from one serving cell to another.

[0118] Exceptional embodiments of the present disclosure (for example, as described with respect to Figures 5 to 9) provide serving cell handover for use by one or more of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Video, Imaging, and Audio for Professional Applications (VIAPA), or similar environments and / or system architectures. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be associated with one or more VIAPA applications such as audio transmission, audio transmission representation, video, imaging and / or video for medical applications (e.g., motion control, mobile robots, etc.), which may be used in conjunction with one or more mobile or stationary UEs. Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure may be associated with one or more IIoT applications such as motion control, mobile robots, mobile control panels, mobile operating panels, augmented / virtual reality in human-machine interfaces, collaborative transport, wire-to-wireless link exchange, closed-loop control, etc., which may be used in conjunction with one or more mobile or stationary UEs. In consideration of this disclosure, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein can be scaled up or down to cover multiple service / coverage areas (e.g., indoor and / or outdoor, 50 × 10 × 10 cubic meters, 1 square kilometer, etc.), multiple latency times (e.g., 0.5 milliseconds, 500 milliseconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.), multiple network architectures (e.g., single-cell architecture, multi-cell architecture, etc., as described above with respect to the figures), etc.

[0119] As described above, the flowchart of the referenced method can be executed by the apparatus in accordance with the associated computer program product, which includes computer program code. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart, can be implemented by various means, such as hardware, firmware, processors, circuit configurations, and / or other devices associated with the execution of software, which includes one or more computer program instructions. For example, one or more of the steps described above can be embodied by computer program instructions. In this regard, computer program instructions that embodied the steps described above can be stored in a memory device, e.g., 204, of the apparatus to which embodiments of the present invention are applied, e.g., 200, and can be executed by the processor of the apparatus, e.g., 202. As will be understood, any such computer program instructions can be loaded into a computer or other programmable device (e.g., hardware) to generate a machine, and the resulting computer or other programmable device can perform the functions specified in the flowchart blocks. These computer program instructions can also be stored in computer-readable memory that enables the computer or other programmable device to function in a particular manner, and the instructions stored in computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article, which, by execution, performs the functions specified in the flowchart blocks. A computer program instruction is loaded into a computer or other programmable device, causing a series of operations to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer execution process, and the instruction executed on the computer or other programmable device provides operations to perform the function specified in the flowchart block.

[0120] Therefore, a computer program product is defined in cases where computer program instructions, such as computer-readable program code portions, are stored by the computer program instructions in at least one non-temporary computer-readable storage medium, such as computer-readable program code portions configured to perform the functions described above at runtime. In other embodiments, computer program instructions, such as computer-readable program code portions, do not need to be stored in or otherwise embodied in a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium; instead, they may be embodied in a temporary medium using computer program instructions such as computer-readable program code portions, but still configured to perform the functions described above at runtime.

[0121] Therefore, the blocks in a flowchart support combinations of means for performing a specified function, and combinations of actions for performing a specified function. It will also be understood that one or more blocks in a flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based computer system, or by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions, to perform the specified function.

[0122] In some embodiments, specific actions, methods, steps, processes, etc., described above can be modified or further extended. Furthermore, in some embodiments, additional optional actions, methods, steps, processes, etc., can be included. Modifications, additions, reductions, inversions, correlations, proportional relationships, disproportionate relationships, reductions, and / or expansions of the above actions can be performed in any order and in any combination. In cases where a particular action, method, process, etc., requires specific hardware, it will also be understood that such hardware may be considered as part of the apparatus 200 for such any embodiment.

[0123] Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention described herein will be recalled by those skilled in the art to the relevant field, benefiting from the teachings presented in the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, while the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments in relation to specific exemplary combinations of elements and / or functions, it should be understood that different combinations of elements and / or functions may be provided by alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In this regard, different combinations of elements and / or functions that are explicitly different from those described above are also intended, for example, as described in part of the appended claims. Certain terms are used herein, but these terms are used only in a general and descriptive sense and are not intended to be limiting.

Claims

1. Receiving one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells from the first serving cell, Determining first beam management information for the aforementioned plurality of cells, To cause the first beam management report, which includes the first beam management information for the plurality of cells, to be transmitted to the first serving cell, Receiving a switching instruction from the first serving cell, which includes a command to switch to the target beam of the target cell, Upon receiving the switching instruction, the system stores the one or more operating mode configurations for the plurality of cells, including the first serving cell. Switching from the first serving cell to the target beam of the target cell, wherein the target cell becomes a second serving cell. This includes switching from the second serving cell to the first serving cell using one or more of the stored operating mode configurations, The method wherein the one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the high-speed cell selection conditional handover configurations for each of the plurality of cells, or the first beam management information.

2. To store timing advance information for the first serving cell, Determining second beam management information for the aforementioned plurality of cells, To cause the transmission of a second beam management report, which includes the second beam management information for the plurality of cells, to the second serving cell, Acquiring the one or more operating mode configurations and the timing advance information, The method according to claim 1, further comprising switching from the second serving cell to the first serving cell based at least on the timing advance information.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein switching from the first serving cell to the second serving cell includes a random access channelless handover, and the stored timing advance information is used for switching from the second serving cell to the first serving cell.

4. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein one or more of the first beam management information or the second beam management information is generated based on reference signals transmitted by the plurality of cells, the reference signals include synchronization signal block resource mapping.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein one or more of the first beam management report or the second beam management reports include one or more intra-cell or inter-cell beam management reports associated with one or more of the plurality of cells.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein one or more user devices, networks, wireless access networks, base stations, or cells store one or more of the one or more operating mode configurations, the first beam management information, the second beam management information, or the timing advance information for at least each of the plurality of cells.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of cells include one or more of the adjacent cells of the first serving cell, the adjacent cells of the second serving cell, the first serving cell, or the second serving cell.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the switching instruction includes a media access control element.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the switching of the target cell to the target beam is dynamically triggered by a trigger condition configured by the first serving cell or the second serving cell.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the target cell is associated with a plurality of target beams.

11. Means for receiving one or more operating mode configurations for multiple cells from a first serving cell, Means for determining first beam management information for the plurality of cells, Means for causing a first beam management report, which includes the first beam management information for the plurality of cells, to be transmitted to the first serving cell, Means for receiving a switching instruction from the first serving cell, which includes an instruction to switch to the target beam of the target cell, Upon receiving the switching instruction, means for storing one or more operating mode configurations for the plurality of cells, including the first serving cell, Means for switching from the first serving cell to the target beam of the target cell, wherein the target cell is a means for becoming a second serving cell. The system includes means for switching from the second serving cell to the first serving cell using one or more stored operating mode configurations, The apparatus wherein the one or more operating mode configurations include one or more of the following: a high-speed cell selection conditional handover configuration for each of the plurality of cells, or the first beam management information.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising means for carrying out the method described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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