Systems and methods for bilateral trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights

Abstract

A computer-implemented method (500), system, and non-transitory computer readable medium for collecting, monetizing, validating, continuously updating, and archiving bilateral transactions of greenhouse gas and environmental rights. The method (500) includes hosting (510) on a processing server a list of one or more land parcels with contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, receiving (520) by the processing server metrics for the one or more land parcels with contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, and verifying (530) on the processing server that the one or more land parcels with contractual development rights for carbon offset credits meet one or more conditions of development and potential entitlement for carbon offset credits based at least on the received metrics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for collecting, monetizing, validating, continuously updating, and archiving the relative trading of greenhouse gas and environmental rights.

Background Art

[0002] A carbon credit can be a tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one ton (1 metric ton or 1,000 kilograms) of carbon dioxide or an equivalent amount of greenhouse gas. Carbon credits and carbon markets are elements of national and international efforts to mitigate the rising concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs).

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] A system and method for the relative trading of greenhouse gas and environmental rights (GEARS) between a purchaser and a seller that gives the rights holder the contractual ability to safely and bindingly monetize these rights through validation prior to registration in the carbon credit certification process to assist in trading and developing carbon offset credits for a specific land parcel, and further having a system and method for verifying and updating information rights that reference one or more land parcels. The contractual development rights for carbon offset credits also need to meet one or more conditions of the development and origin of the carbon offset credits, and GEARS deals with rights prior to certification as a carbon offset credit. Such a system and method desirably overcomes or reduces technical problems and the significant costs of pre-registration development and processing as a carbon credit, and in particular enables securing and monetizing land rights with respect to reliable authentication, verification, trading, and record-keeping.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] In one embodiment, a computer implementation method for bilateral trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights is disclosed, comprising the steps of: hosting a list of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits on a processing server; receiving metrics for one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits on the processing server; and verifying on the processing server, based on at least the received metrics, that one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits satisfy one or more conditions for development and potential title to carbon offset credits.

[0005] In another embodiment, a system is disclosed for the bilateral trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights, comprising a processing server configured to host a list of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, receive metrics for one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, and verify, based at least on the received metrics, that one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits meet one or more conditions for development and potential title to carbon offset credits.

[0006] In yet another embodiment, a non-temporary computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to provide an exchange for over-the-counter trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights, wherein the program code includes instructions for hosting a list of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits; instructions for receiving metrics for one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits; and instructions for verifying, based on at least the received metrics, that one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits satisfy one or more conditions for development and potential title to carbon offset credits. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1] This is a diagram illustrating a system for over-the-counter trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights (GEARS) according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2A] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for bilateral trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights (GEARS) for the development of land parcels for carbon offsetting, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2B] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for bilateral trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights (GEARS) for the development of land parcels for carbon offsetting, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3] This diagram shows a graphical user interface (GUI) and a mobile device for verifying market participants to an exchange, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4] This is a diagram of a graphical user interface (GUI) for an over-the-counter trading portal having multiple exchange applications, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for over-the-counter trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights (GEARS) according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6] This shows an exemplary hardware architecture of one embodiment of a computer system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0008] For simplicity and clarity, the principles of the embodiments will be explained primarily by reference to examples. The following description includes many specific details to ensure a full understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments can be implemented without being limited to these specific details. In some cases, known methods and structures are not described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the embodiments.

[0009] As used herein, the term “seller” is understood to be interchangeable with “owner,” “provider,” or “user,” as the context indicates. “Seller” is understood to mean, for example, a user authorized to offer a sales contract for GEARS. The term “buyer” or “purchaser” is understood to mean a user authorized to purchase contractual rights from the “seller.” Since a contract may be sold multiple times before delivery to the final user, it is also intended that a user who is the “buyer” in the first transaction offering may become the “seller” in a second transaction offering. Furthermore, both “seller” and / or “buyer” may be computers specifically programmed to be dedicated computers that buy and sell on specific events, demand thresholds, availability, social attitudes and needs, environmental standards, party identities, and other factors programmed through software including machine learning programs and artificial intelligence (AI) programs.

[0010] Figure 1 shows a diagram of a system of over-the-counter transactions between a seller 122 of GEARS and a buyer or purchaser 132, enabling the rights holder to develop a land parcel (including any unit of land area as used herein) 140 for carbon offsetting. As shown in Figure 1, the system 100 may include a seller 122 and a buyer 132, each of whom has access to one or more computing devices (seller computer 120, buyer computer 130 in an exemplary embodiment for illustrative purposes). The computing devices 120, 130 communicate with a processing server 110 configured as a market or exchange for processing over-the-counter transactions between the seller 122 and the buyer 132 of GEARS.

[0011] According to one exemplary embodiment, the transaction between seller 122 and buyer (or purchaser) 122 may be for GEARS, which may be rights granted separately from ownership of the subject land parcel 140. GEARS give the owner the contractual ability to develop carbon offset credits for that particular parcel 140. Furthermore, GEARS may be a retail product that can expand participation in and access to investment in and ownership of carbon markets, for example, if facilitated by the systems and methods disclosed herein.

[0012] As described above, a carbon offset is a certificate representing a reduction of 1 metric ton (2,205 pounds) of carbon dioxide emissions. A carbon credit is a license or certificate that permits the holder to release carbon dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. For example, the holder of a carbon credit may be a developer of a project that reduces carbon dioxide emissions, in which case one carbon offset is created for every metric ton (ton) of emissions reduced. Credits can be financial instruments arising from projects that reduce or avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to one exemplary embodiment, for example, a right by GEARS allows the holder of GEARS to develop carbon credits on a specific plot of land for a certain period (e.g., 20 or 50 years). A right by GEARS is mutually exclusive with any subsequent formal process in which the owner further processes or provides full registration and development to a carbon credit registry in order to remain in a tradable asset class that creates credits.

[0013] According to one exemplary embodiment, by purchasing the rights under GEARS, the seller 122 can obtain an initial consideration and additional revenue in the form of a certain percentage of future carbon credits if the land parcel is developed and carbon credits are sold and / or used by the buyer (or purchaser) 132. The buyer (or purchaser) 132 of GEARS, for example, the purchasing company, will obtain transferable rights that can be resold or divided for further sale, for example, retail or institutional sale, and the potential value of GEARS will enable future carbon credit development.

[0014] According to one exemplary embodiment, contractual rights under GEARS may include the development of specific land parcels 140 for carbon credits without the need to specify the particular method of developing the credits. Furthermore, rights from GEARS may be attached to land parcels 140 that are, for example, solely for the commercialization or development of carbon credits, and the parties' fee allocation and contributions may be individualized.

[0015] The carbon offset registry tracks offset projects and issues offset credits for each unit of emission reduction or removal verified and certified using the systems and methods described herein.

[0016] Registry systems are essential for creating reliable, surplus offset commodities by recording ownership of existing issued carbon credits. For example, credits can be issued from any of the major carbon standard registries (e.g., Climate Action Reserve (CAR), Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), American Carbon Registry (ACR), Gold Standard (GS)) and undergo a robust verification process by third-party verification accredited by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). All of these credits are also tracked by the registry to ensure that emission reductions are not double-counted, and credits are withdrawn from the market (referred to as credit invalidation) to ensure they can only be claimed once. Once a project is certified against one or more of the stringent rules and requirements of the major registries, the project developer may be able to issue tradable, verified credits.

[0017] According to one exemplary embodiment, GEARS are merely the right to develop the property, and more specifically, relate only to the carbon credit development of that property, rather than to registered or certified credits. Furthermore, GEARS are, by definition, transferable rights that enable the owner to develop carbon credits regardless of whether such development of the property and acquisition of carbon credits occur during the contract period.

[0018] The buyer (or purchaser) 132, for example, the purchasing company, is also able to verify the credit and invalidate the credit once it has been created. According to one exemplary embodiment, credit verification can be different from that of the registry and will be performed regardless of whether the underlying rights have been developed or not. Furthermore, for example, credit verification during the validity period of GEARS may use the recording method of the blockchain 122 specific to carbon credit development to continuously update and verify the information known about GEARS as well as all ancillary and transaction information.

[0019] According to one exemplary embodiment, a monitoring system 142 may be used to record changes in the status of the land subject to GEARS from a visual perspective. Furthermore, data and metrics including one or more of the following can be obtained for one or more land parcels 140: local precipitation, local temperature, changes in land use or deformability, publicly available information, permits, contracts, registrations, zoning, and changes in ownership affecting the area covered by GEARS, and any specific documentation from any carbon standards verification organization if there is development of the land parcel (or property) 140. For example, according to one exemplary embodiment, the monitoring system 142 may include an imaging system configured to obtain images of one or more land parcels 140 depending on the terrain using optical systems such as light sensors and / or lidar located in or near one or more land parcels 140, and by, for example, satellite imagery systems, aircraft, drones, balloons, and / or land vehicles. This data is subsequently transmitted to a processing server 110 for verification and authentication and may be stored on a blockchain along with data on test and measurement techniques, entity information, date and time, parcel identification information to avoid double counting, etc. In addition to images of one or more land parcels 140, the monitoring system 142 may be smart sensing technology that collects metrics regarding the condition of trees and / or crops in one or more land parcels 140, for example, those under development for carbon offset credits. For example, the metrics may include temperature, humidity, and / or health indicators of trees and / or crops in one or more land parcels 140. In some embodiments, tests can be conducted to determine the actual amount of carbon being extracted from the atmosphere by a land parcel by calculating the biomass of that land parcel 140 using an estimation model based on various factors.

[0020] For example, in the case of trees, physical attributes include factors such as tree size, wood density, and tree species, which are related to carbon sequestration, for example, by allometric equations. The total amount of carbon sequestered by a tree over its lifetime or expected lifetime can be determined by its biomass and these factors, and subsequently, the calculated amount of atmospheric carbon can be derived, for example, using the ratio of carbon to CO2 of 12.44 by a simple ratio. As an example, the carbon sequestration of a forest can be estimated using sampling of trees by random extraction. The monitoring system 142 can automate data collection by collecting information such as diameter at breast height, total tree height, crown size, and tree species through the monitoring system 142. These measurements are subsequently used for estimating the total biomass in plots using allometric equations. The biomass density of the entire forest can be estimated by taking the average of all plots and using that average for calculation. This can be done by time-consuming and costly manual field measurements. By using the monitoring system 142 of the present disclosure, the system can significantly reduce the cost, time, and complexity of the process while reducing errors and inaccuracies. If the growth of trees over time can be estimated, the annual carbon sequestration can also be estimated.

[0021] According to one exemplary embodiment, the verification process may also include the step of outputting to one or more computing devices 110, 120, 130, for example to processing server 110, that one or more parcels 140 do not comply with one or more conditions of carbon offset credit development and title based on at least one or more of the received metrics. Furthermore, if the verification result is a finding of non-compliance, an instruction to take additional photographs and re-verify the conditions of one or more parcels 140 may be sent to monitoring system 142, for example to optical sensors or drones or balloons. According to one exemplary embodiment, if one or more parcels 140 still do not comply, processing server 100 may inform, for example to seller 122 or buyer 132 (e.g., parties to the contract agreement) and / or government agencies that one or more parcels 140 do not comply with one or more conditions of carbon offset credit development and title.

[0022] According to one exemplary embodiment, the verified and acquired corresponding information of GEARS may be stored in the form of a blockchain 112 to enhance the authenticity of the information collected and acquired via the monitoring system 142. Furthermore, the information collected for one or more land parcels 140 may be accessible to sellers 122 and buyers 132 via an over-the-counter (OTC) trading portal hosted on the processing server 110 disclosed herein. Furthermore, the information or metrics collected for one or more land parcels 140 may be updated frequently, weekly, monthly, and / or annually. The collected information or metrics may also be accessible to both sellers 122 and buyers 132, for example, to verify that GEARS is being used appropriately via the OTC trading portal.

[0023] According to an exemplary embodiment, the blockchain network (or blockchain) 112 can be a public ledger, a permissioned ledger, or a private ledger of all transactions of the blockchain-based network. One or more computing devices can include a blockchain network configured to process and record transactions as part of the blocks of the blockchain. When a block is completed, the block is added to the blockchain, thereby updating the transaction record. In many cases, the blockchain can be a chronological transaction ledger or presented in any other order suitable for use by the blockchain network. Depending on the configuration, the transactions recorded on the blockchain can include a destination address, thereby providing an update to the information recorded on the blockchain about the GEARS sold or purchased by the seller 122 or the buyer 132, along with information regarding the verification and certification of the carbon recovery amount (verification method, date, time, entity controlling the verification and certification of the result, etc.). In some cases, the transaction can include additional or different information such as a source address, a timestamp, etc. In some embodiments, additionally or alternatively, the blockchain can contain any type of data in the form of transactions that need to be or are placed in a distributed database that maintains an ever-growing list of data records that are fortified against tampering and modification even by its operators, and can be observed and verified for accuracy by the blockchain network using proof-of-work and / or any other suitable verification techniques related thereto, thereby providing an immutable record that is trustworthy with respect to accuracy while being observable. In some cases, the data regarding a given transaction can further include additional data that is not directly part of the transaction added to the transaction data. In some cases, including such data in the blockchain can constitute the transaction.

[0024] According to one exemplary embodiment, the blockchain 112 allows sellers 122 and buyers (or purchasers) 132, such as the purchasing company of GEARS, to organize, evaluate, verify, invalidate, record, and syndicate or trade specific land use rights granted to purchasers for specific land parcels 140, thereby commercializing, developing, utilizing, and exploiting the carbon credits generated by the owned land 140 and profiting from them.

[0025] Furthermore, GEARS may differ from Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreements (or "ERPAs"), which are common purchase options contracted between landowners and project developers regarding the provision of issued carbon offset credits. For example, an ERPA is a legally binding contract that allows one party to transfer verified carbon credits to another party. ERPAs generally involve developing country governments or companies selling carbon credits to the World Bank's trust fund. The exchange and activities are governed by certain conditions, the price is negotiated before the ERPA is concluded, and all parties must agree, for example, on the GHG emissions to be reduced during the contract period and the means by which they are to be reduced, the amount of financing, and the outcome metrics that will induce payment.

[0026] As stated above, GEARS is an agreement specific to land parcel 140 where carbon credits can be developed or utilized. For example, GEARS is not specific about the amount of credits, the financing, the method of developing the credits, or even whether processing of rights by a carbon registry is required. In the involuntary carbon credit market, development rights in an unprocessed or unregistered form can be sold, though not for a higher price than registered carbon credits. The GEARS process enables the monetization of the asset class in a less processed form, and according to one exemplary embodiment, the buyer of GEARS is the recipient of transferable rights to develop carbon credits in land parcel 140. GEARS includes a complete system of ongoing rights verification, renewal, and validity checks, whereas ERPA is merely a one-dimensional legal contract binding two parties, and technology is not incorporated into its existence.

[0027] The valuation for GEARS buyers may initially represent an out-of-the-money, long-term transferable option for ownership and value of carbon credits. For example, among the list of buyers, there are GEARS buyers who can immediately develop and value their 140 properties and the corresponding carbon credits. These may include, for example, farmland where indigo or mangroves can be planted, land where carbon sequestration technologies can be applied, or simply solar power or alternative renewable projects that generate cash flow, with the ability and cost of developing carbon credits being secondary.

[0028] Furthermore, it is desirable to have systems and methods in place that allow these opportunities to generate carbon credits to be realized and include verification of the GEARS, including information on activities that may affect the land parcel 140 and development or impactful changes to the land in question. For example, a buyer (or purchaser) 132 of the GEARS may account for them at book value unless actual development is sufficient to alter the valuation, but will trade them on the market value of carbon credits, which is closely related to the ability or possibility of development, the ease of development, and whether or not development is actually underway with a third-party developer. A buyer (or purchaser) 132 can purchase GEARS of land parcel 140 that are currently little or no use or vacant from landowners for a relatively small amount and relatively quickly. For example, the pricing of the GEARS may be variable with higher royalties in the final years of the contractual rights, e.g., the last few years of the GEARS, e.g., 5 to 10 years, when the carbon offset credit market is more developed and greater returns can be obtained from carbon offset credits.

[0029] Figures 2A and 2B are flowcharts of a method 200 for over-the-counter (OTC) trading between buyers and sellers of GEARS according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the process begins in step 210. In step 220, the OTC trading method and system for GEARS may rely on a stream of verified information from market participants, which may include sellers 220, buyers 222, and third parties 224. The stream of verified information from market participants enables the maintenance of the value of GEARS. For example, it is desirable to have a seamless distributed protocol and suite of applications for managing the flow of information with high availability and verifiable security. For example, the digital identity system is a collection of open-source libraries and blockchain smart contracts that enable users to create and link private, self-custodial digital identities and data stores. Furthermore, a set of tools and services that enable organizations and individuals to leverage the digital identity system in a low-code / no-code environment are hosted on the processing server 110 and include verifiers 230, 232, and 234 that issue credentials to access the OTC trading portal. Verifiers 230, 232, and 234 can provide identity and access management, a secure file and asset storage system (e.g., a secure data storage system), a signing system (or signature system) for digital agreements, and a messenger (or communication system) for secure communication between seller 220, buyer 222, and third party 224 on the over-the-counter transaction portal.

[0030] According to one exemplary embodiment, verifiers (or verification systems) 230, 232, 234 may be distributed identity access management applications for a digital identity system. Market participants, including sellers 220, buyers 222, and third parties 224 (e.g., identity owners), can use a combination of email, biometric authentication, and user-generated input, such as a combination of a computing system and a mobile device, to create a secure link between their natural person and their digital identity on their personal devices. Credentials issued to this identity can be issued, for example, using World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards and can be stored in the credential wallets of verifiers 230, 232, 234 to authenticate access to integrated services. According to one exemplary embodiment, verifiers 230, 232, 234 can serve as a relatively ultra-secure gateway to the rest of the integrated services provided by the processing server 110 by using a secure enclave to ensure that only the natural person to whom the identity belongs can sign transactions and attestations. Verification of sellers, buyers, and third parties 220, 222, and 224 using verifiers 230, 232, and 232 can be the first step in the process and can be used by sellers, buyers, and third parties 220, 222, and 224 to create and maintain user identity and access.

[0031] According to one exemplary embodiment, each party to the GEARS system 100 must sign up for access via verifiers 230, 232, and 234, thereby gaining access to the console of modular applications 410, 412, 414, and 416 (Figure 4) of the over-the-counter transaction portal 420 hosted on the processing server 110. According to one exemplary embodiment, the processing server may be a cloud server. The modular applications 410, 412, 414, and 416 facilitate relatively secure and efficient transactions by providing institutional-grade tools for managing user accounts, sharing data, and executing transactions. According to one exemplary embodiment, the system 100 may provide identity and access management focused on user control (or verification), secure data storage, high-security digital asset and data storage, and digital contract management (signing). For example, the management suite may include modular components that can be identified and accessed via an identity and access management system (or verifier applications 230, 232, 234), which can be used relatively easily in identity management applications based on the Android platform or, for example, iOS on an iPhone. The verifier applications 230, 232, 234 can act as a control center that provides GEARS participants 220, 222, 224 with a self-managed, institutional-grade identity and access management tool that is crucial for recognizing the transaction cost reductions achieved by lowering data compliance and security costs (through precise identity and access management) while simultaneously lowering verification costs (by leveraging authorized access to verifiable credentials).

[0032] According to one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 3 to 5, verifier applications 230, 232, and 234 can leverage the secure enclave of the mobile device 320 to build a relatively flexible, highly available, and secure self-managed identity management and access system that is verifiable from attacks such as device hacking. For example, verifier applications 230, 232, and 234 may include an account management module that allows users to create and manage identities and aliases. For example, a user or market participant in the form of a seller, buyer, or third party 220, 222, or 224 can have multiple aliases / identities associated with a single account, enabling both anonymity and accountability. System 100 may also include an authentication module that allows users 220, 222, and 224 to manage passwords and secret keys and multi-factor authentication. Furthermore, the authentication module allows users 220, 222 to precisely manage third party 224's access to their identity and other data over time. For example, this precision access control can improve the security of users 220, 222, and 224 and reduce transaction costs arising from data compliance and data security costs with a proprietary centralized database. Examples of identity and related data include information such as birth dates, passport details, licenses, certificates, and other credentials, stored in verifiers 230, 232, and 234 and a secure data storage system that can function as a high-security digital asset and data storage system. Furthermore, the identity and related information and the corresponding transaction approval in GEARS may include a fully trusted blockchain-based delegated smart contract that delegates or enforces access to approved data during the approved (or set) time.

[0033] According to one exemplary embodiment, verifiers 230, 232, and 234 may also include the roles of one or more verifiers, which may include: (1) minter - minting and managing GEARS; (2) seller - the original seller of GEAR; (3) buyer - the party purchasing GEAR in a transaction; (4) holder - the current holder of GEAR; (5) third party - an ecosystem partner requested to provide input information and / or provide proof of information; and (6) striker - the party exercising the GEAR option. According to one exemplary embodiment, verifier activity may verify each of the market participants so that they can interact with each other. Thus, the verifiers act as a control center for the console, and users can receive and respond to push notifications of necessary actions, including messages, data sharing approvals, and document / transaction signings.

[0034] Land parcel 240 may include details of the area covered by the GEARS databank (e.g., land parcel 140). For example, the databank may include accompanying documentation that can be compiled, verified, and timestamped, along with proof to an accessible public blockchain 112. The databank may also include data for land parcel 140, including local precipitation, local temperature, local land use / deformability, permitted areas, contracted areas, registered areas, local zoning ownership, changes affecting the area covered by GEARS, attestations, and guarantees.

[0035] Furthermore, the management suite enables organizations and individuals to create GEARS using a set of tools and services that allow them to leverage Verifiers 230, 232, and 234 in a low-code / no-code environment, and consists of Verifiers 230, 232, and 234 for identity and access management, a secure data storage system for secure file and asset storage, a digital signature module for signing digital agreements, and a communication system or messenger for secure communication.

[0036] According to one exemplary embodiment, a secure data storage system, in combination with verifiers 230, 232, and 234, for example, creates private and secure cloud storage. For example, the owner of a “drive” within the secure data storage system can authenticate access to that data, and all third parties, including data hosts and digital service providers, must request file access from the owner in order to view the data. For example, drive data is stored using a distributed infrastructure in which all operations and events, including access requests, reads, and writes, are permanently recorded, thereby eliminating the risk of third-party companies or state actors secretly accessing or destroying data from the owner’s drives.

[0037] According to one exemplary embodiment, activities within the drive may include each party uploading relevant data to the drive. For example, in this manner, all data remains owned by the parties. For example, the minter requests copies of all relevant documentation, and access to that documentation is shared with the minter and any applicable third party in the role of attestation or assurance.

[0038] In one exemplary embodiment, a secure data storage system may also include a "vault," which leverages an additional protocol layer to protect the most sensitive data that users wish to retain, including digital assets, private keys, and passwords. The vault's multi-signature capabilities allow organizations to build and adhere to custom governance protocols tailored to their governance protocol needs when verifying data and moving assets.

[0039] According to one exemplary embodiment, the vault may be a multi-cloud financial data storage using an encrypted content-addressing distributed file system. For example, it may have functions for digital contract custody and the creation and secure storage of digital bearer securities. Furthermore, the vault may be a highly secure data storage that leverages distributed ledger technology and requires multi-signature authentication for any action. The vault may be designed for security-sensitive use cases such as digital contract custody and the storage of digital bearer securities.

[0040] According to one exemplary embodiment, a digital signature module (or “Sign”) for signing digital agreements can enable verifier applications 230, 232, and 234 to execute and store legal documents. For example, Sign allows parties to generate or upload legally binding agreements enforceable in court, sign those agreements using verifiers 230, 232, and 234, and then securely store the agreements in their respective drives or vaults, thereby concealing the terms and conditions from digital service providers. In addition to privacy, Sign can strongly link legal agreements with digital assets, creating a secure link between tokens and the world of real value. The Sign module and corresponding software can be used not only by seller 220 to create GEARS, but also by buyer 222 and third parties 224 for corresponding transactions between market participants.

[0041] According to one exemplary embodiment, in a workflow / sign activity (or POST) 252, once the land (or parcel) 140 is verified by the required signature in the workflow / sign module, the hash / derivative / compile of this documentation may be minted into a non-fungible token (NFT) representing, for example, GEARS. The GEARS digital asset may then be pushed into a vault for relatively high-security storage. Once verified by the required signature in the workflow / sign module, the hash / derivative / compile of this documentation is minted into an NFT representing the updated GEARS when the over-the-counter transaction of GEARS between seller 220 and buyer 222 in transaction 260 is executed.

[0042] According to one exemplary embodiment, updated / new GEARS digital assets are subsequently pushed to a vault for high-security storage. For example, seller 220 may be prompted (or required) to update the corresponding document of signature in the minter. Once verified by the required signature in the workflow / signature module, a hash / derivative / compile of this documentation is minted into a new NFT representing, for example, a record of past GEARS, preventing double payment or double use of future rights. According to one exemplary embodiment, the NFT is programmed to persist until the currently exercised right expires. For example, the digital asset of an updated / new right may be pushed into the GEARS striker's (or buyer's) vault. Meanwhile, previous GEARS may be invalidated, for example, by being sent to a one-way "burner" vault set up by the minter. Seller 220 may subsequently be prompted (or required) to update the document of signature in the minter, for example, as a condition for transaction execution and / or transfer of funds.

[0043] According to one exemplary embodiment, the workflow for creating GEARS may be SSID-enabled (Service Set Identifier-enabled) electronic documents and smart contract signatures. The management suite may also include a suite of productivity tools and integrations for the automation and secure signing of documents with immutable timestamps for proof of existence, including the secure creation, templating, routing, and signing of documents with immutable timestamps for proof of existence.

[0044] According to one exemplary embodiment, the communication system (or communication messenger) 270 may be chat, voice, and video communication tools. For example, communications may be fully encrypted end-to-end and securely stored on a drive or vault. Data owners may choose to keep these records completely private or they may be relatively easily attached to legal agreements, transaction records, and digital assets to facilitate the management of audit and regulatory requirements. For example, users and organizations can enjoy all the benefits of cloud-based digital services while eliminating the inherent counterparty risk of sensitive data being exposed to digital service providers.

[0045] According to one exemplary embodiment, communication messenger activity may include the relevant users interacting in a timely manner using a messenger application. For example, scheduled messages may be used in conjunction with workflows / signals to collect attestations from seller 220 and third parties 224 or to request updated documentation.

[0046] According to one exemplary embodiment, GEARS transactions and transactions 280 may also include a digital order book which can be provided for a formal process of matching, settlement, or transfer of ownership and custody. For example, the digital order book may be recorded on blockchain 112.

[0047] Furthermore, initially, updates to information on, for example, land parcels 140 290 can be performed at set intervals, and for some data, updates can be performed at least annually for sources of information that may include, for example, regional precipitation, regional temperature, regional land use and deformability, permitted areas, contracted areas, registered areas, regional zoning, ownership, changes affecting the areas covered by GEARS, and certificate / warranty updates. For example, the set intervals can be weekly, monthly, and / or annual. According to one exemplary embodiment, the final stage of the update may include verification of the updated information, and once the information is verified, the data is added to the GEARS database.

[0048] Figure 3 shows a graphical user interface (GUI) 312 of a computing device 310 and a mobile device 320 for verifying market participants according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, market participants, such as sellers 220, buyers 222, and / or third parties 224, can access the over-the-counter trading portal (or exchange portal) hosted on the processing server 110 by searching for the "Sign In" page 314 of the over-the-counter trading portal. On the "Sign In" page 314, market participants can obtain a code 330, such as a matrix code or a two-dimensional code (e.g., a QR code), displayed on the sign-in page 314 using a smart device, such as a mobile device or smartphone 320. For example, a code 330, such as the one shown on the sign-in page 314 of the graphical user interface 312, can be scanned with a smart device. If the market participant is authenticated, they can automatically log in to the over-the-counter trading portal using a combination of, for example, email, biometric authentication, and user-generated input, along with the security features of their mobile device or smartphone 320. Based on the acquired code 330, a secure link can be created between the market participant and the digital identity of their mobile device or smartphone 320.

[0049] As described above, this identity or credentials issued to market participants 220, 222, and 224 can be issued, for example, using World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards and stored in the credential wallets of verifiers 230, 232, and 234 to authenticate access to the integrated services. According to one exemplary embodiment, verifiers 230, 232, and 234 can become a relatively ultra-secure gateway to the rest of the integrated services provided by the processing server 110 by using a secure enclave to ensure that only the natural persons to whom their identities belong can sign transactions and attestations. Verification of sellers, buyers, and third parties 220, 222, and 224 using verifiers 230, 232, and 232 can be the first step in the process and is used by sellers, buyers, and third parties 220, 222, and 224 to create and maintain user identity and access.

[0050] According to one exemplary embodiment, once market participants 220, 222, and 224 are permitted access to the market portal or exchange portal 400, each market participant in the GEARS system will have access via verifiers 230, 232, and 234 to a number of applications 410, 412, 414, and 416, as shown in Figure 4, which facilitate secure and efficient transactions by providing institutional-grade tools for managing user accounts, sharing data, and executing transactions related to buying and selling GEARS, as disclosed above. One or more applications 410, 412, 414, and 416 may provide, for example, strategies for over-the-counter trading, exchange of related positions, trade, block trading, and tools for calculating and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Furthermore, one or more applications 410, 412, 414, 416 may include tools for sellers and buyers to calculate carbon content, allowing them to calculate the environmental impact of buying and selling GEARS on the over-the-counter trading portal and bundle it with the correct number of carbon offsets.

[0051] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method 500 for over-the-counter trading of GEARS according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 5, in step 510, a list of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits is hosted on the processing server. In step 520, metrics for one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits are received on the processing server. In step 530, the processing server verifies, based on at least the received metrics, that one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits meet one or more conditions of approval as GEARS and of development and title to carbon offset credits with reference to the protocol.

[0052] According to one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the steps of: documenting publicly available information on one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits on a processing server; and documenting one or more permits, contracts, registrations, zoning, and ownership rights on one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits on a processing server. Furthermore, metrics for one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits can be received from an imaging system. For example, the imaging system can receive images from one or more optical sensors, satellites, aircraft, drones, and balloons.

[0053] According to one exemplary embodiment, the method includes the step of having a processing server receive metrics from smart sensing technology for one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, the metrics received from smart sensing technology including one or more of local precipitation, local temperature, and changes in local land use or deformability. The metrics for one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits may be recorded, for example, on a blockchain associated with the processing server.

[0054] According to one exemplary embodiment, publicly available information of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, and one or more permits, contracts, registrations, zoning, and ownerships of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, may be recorded on a blockchain associated with a processing server. Furthermore, the method may include a step of providing the status of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits on the processing server, the status including ownership of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, ownership of the contractual development rights for carbon offset credits of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits, and the status of the contractual development rights for carbon offset credits of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for carbon offset credits.

[0055] According to one exemplary embodiment, the method includes the steps of registering on a processing server a plurality of market participants who are participating in one or more sales, purchases, or third-party activities in the development of carbon offset credits for one or more land parcels that have contractual development rights to carbon offset credits hosted by the processing server, and the steps of allowing one or more of the plurality of market participants to access data on an over-the-counter (OTC) trading portal relating to sales, purchases, or third-party activities in the development of one or more land parcels that have contractual development rights to carbon offset credits. Furthermore, the step of allowing access to the OTC trading portal may further include the steps of allowing one or more market participants to access the OTC trading portal via a digital identity system that includes a combination of a QR code on the OTC trading portal's sign-in page and biometric authentication of a QR code on a smartphone.

[0056] Figure 6 shows a typical computer system 600 in which embodiments or parts thereof of the embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented as computer-readable code executed on hardware. For example, the methods and systems for the bilateral trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights disclosed herein may be implemented in whole or in part by computer system 600 using hardware, software executed on hardware, firmware, non-temporary computer-readable media storing instructions, or a combination thereof, or may be implemented in one or more computer systems or other processing systems. Hardware, software executed on hardware, or any combination thereof can embody modules and components used to implement the methods and steps of the methods and systems described herein.

[0057] When programmable logic is used, such logic may be executed on a commercially available processing platform configured to become a purpose-specific computer or dedicated device (e.g., a programmable logic array, an application-specific integrated circuit, etc.) by executable software code. Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the subject matter of this disclosure can be implemented in a variety of computer system configurations, including multicore multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, computers with distributed and linked or clustered functions, and pervasive or miniature computers that can be embedded in virtually any device.

[0058] The processor units or devices described herein may be a single processor, multiple processors, or a combination thereof. A processor device may have one or more processor "cores." The terms “computer program medium,” “non-temporary computer-readable medium,” and “computer-usable medium” generally refer to tangible media such as the hard disks mounted in the removable storage unit 618, the removable storage unit 622, and the hard disk drive 612.

[0059] Various embodiments of this disclosure are described in relation to this representative computer system 600. By reading this description, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art how this disclosure may be implemented using other computer systems and / or computer architectures. While operations may be described as sequential processes, some operations may actually be executed in parallel, simultaneously, and / or in a distributed environment, using program code stored locally or remotely for access by single or multiprocessor machines. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the order of operations can be rearranged without departing from the spirit of the subject matter of this disclosure.

[0060] The processor device 604 may be a processor device specifically configured to perform the functions described herein. The processor device 604 may be connected to a communication infrastructure 606 such as a bus, message queue, network, or multicore multimessage passing scheme. The network may be any network suitable for performing the functions disclosed herein and may include a local area network ("LAN"), a wide area network ("WAN"), a wireless network (e.g., "Wi-Fi"), a mobile communication network, a satellite network, the Internet, optical fiber, coaxial cable, infrared, radio frequency ("RF"), or any combination thereof. Other suitable network types and configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The computer system 600 may include main memory 608 (e.g., random access memory, read-only memory, etc.) and may also include secondary memory 610. The secondary memory 610 may include a hard disk drive 612 and removable storage drives 614 such as a floppy disk drive, magnetic tape drive, optical disk drive, or flash memory.

[0061] The removable storage drive 614 can read from and / or write to the removable storage unit 618 in known ways. The removable storage unit 618 may include a removable storage medium that can be read from and written to by the removable storage drive 614. For example, if the removable storage drive 614 is a floppy disk or a universal serial bus port, the removable storage unit 618 may be a floppy disk or a portable flash drive, respectively. In one embodiment, the removable storage unit 618 may be a non-temporary computer-readable recording medium.

[0062] In some embodiments, the secondary memory 610 may include alternative means, removable storage units 622, and interfaces 620 that enable computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into, for example, a computer system 600. Examples of such means include program cartridges and cartridge interfaces (e.g., those found in video game systems), removable memory chips (e.g., EEPROM, PROM, etc.) and associated sockets, as well as other removable storage units 622 and interfaces 620 that would be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0063] Data stored in the computer system 600 (e.g., main memory 608 and / or secondary memory 610) may be stored on any type of suitable computer-readable medium, such as optical storage (e.g., compact discs, digital multipurpose discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.) or magnetic storage (e.g., hard disk drives). The data may be configured in any type of suitable database configuration, such as a relational database, a structured query language (SQL) database, a distributed database, or an object database. Suitable configurations and storage types will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0064] The computer system 600 may also include a communication interface 624. The communication interface 624 may be configured to allow software and data to be transferred between the computer system 600 and external devices. Examples of the communication interface 624 include modems, network interfaces (e.g., Ethernet cards), communication ports, PCMCIA slots and cards, etc. The software and data transferred via the communication interface 624 may be in the form of signals, which may be electronic signals, electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or other signals that would be obvious to those skilled in the art. The signals may travel via a communication channel 626, which may be configured to carry signals and may be implemented using wires, cables, optical fibers, telephone lines, mobile phone links, radio frequency links, etc.

[0065] The computer system 600 may further include a display interface 602. The display interface 602 may be configured to allow data to be transferred between the computer system 600 and an external display 630. Examples of the display interface 602 include high-definition multimedia interfaces (HDMI), digital visual interfaces (DVI), and video graphics arrays (VGA). The display 630 may be any suitable type of display for displaying data transmitted via the display interface 602 of the computer system 600, including cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light-emitting diode (LED) displays, capacitive touch displays, and thin-film transistor (TFT) displays. Computer program media and computer-usable media may refer to memories such as main memory 608 and secondary memory 610, which may be memory semiconductors (e.g., DRAM). These computer program products may be means of providing software to the computer system 600. Computer programs (e.g., computer control logic) may be stored in the main memory 608 and / or secondary memory 610. The computer program may also be received via the communication interface 624. When such a computer program is executed, it can cause the computer system 600 to carry out the methods described herein. In particular, when the computer program is executed, it can cause the processor device 604 to carry out the methods shown in Figures 1 to 5 described herein. Thus, such a computer program can represent a controller of the computer system 600. When the disclosure is carried out using software that runs on hardware, the software can be stored in a computer program product and loaded into the computer system 600 using the removable storage drive 614, interface 620, and hard disk drive 612, or the communication interface 624.

[0066] The processor device 604 may include one or more modules or engines configured to perform functions of the computer system 600. Each module or engine may be implemented using hardware, and may also utilize software that runs on hardware, such as program code and / or programs stored in main memory 608 or secondary memory 610. In such cases, the program code may be compiled by the processor device 604 (e.g., by a compilation module or engine) before execution by the hardware of the computer system 600. For example, the program code may be source code written in a programming language that is translated into any low-level language, such as assembly language or machine language, for execution by the processor device 604 and / or any additional hardware components of the computer system 600. The compilation process may include the use of lexical analysis, preprocessing, syntactic analysis, semantic analysis, syntactic-driven translation, code generation, code optimization, and any other techniques suitable for translating the program code into a low-level language suitable for controlling the computer system 600 to perform the functions disclosed herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that through this process, the computing system 600 becomes a specially configured computing system 600 that is uniquely programmed to perform the functions described above.

[0067] The technologies consistent with this disclosure, in particular, provide methods and systems for the bilateral trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights. While various exemplary embodiments of the systems and methods of this disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that these are presented for illustrative purposes only and not as limitations. This is not exhaustive and does not limit the disclosure to the disclosed forms themselves. Modified and altered forms are possible in light of the above teachings or can be obtained by implementing the disclosure without departing from its breadth or scope.

Claims

1. Computer-based methods for managing and trading greenhouse gases and environmental rights, The steps include hosting a portal on a processing server for contractual sales, purchases, or third-party activities relating to one or more land parcels of greenhouse gas and environmental rights (GEARS) credits, wherein the GEARS credits are separate from ownership of the one or more land parcels relating to them, The processing server grants one or more market participants access to the data on the portal. The processing server receives metrics for one or more land parcels that have contractual development rights to the GEARS credits, The processing server performs the steps of saving the metrics to secure data storage, On the processing server, the step of verifying, based on at least the received metrics, that one or more land parcels relating to the contractual development rights of the GEARS credits satisfy one or more conditions for development and potential title of the GEARS credits, Based on the results of verifying that at least one of the associated one or more land parcels satisfies the one or more conditions for the development and potential title of GEARS credits, the processing server generates a digital token representing the GEARS credits of at least one of the associated one or more land parcels. The processing server records the digital token in secure data storage, The processing server records the metrics for one or more land parcels on the portal relating to the contractual development rights and verification results of each of the GEARS credits for each of the related land parcels. The processing server generates a message containing the verification result for at least one of the related land parcels, The processing server sends the message to at least one of the one or more market participants. Methods that include...

2. In the method according to claim 1, The received metrics include publicly available information and one or more of the permit, contract, registration, zoning, and ownership data for the one or more related land parcels having contractual development rights for the greenhouse gas and environmental rights credits, and the method is The process server includes the steps of documenting the publicly available information of one or more land parcels that have contractual development rights for the GEARS credits, The process server includes the steps of documenting one or more permit, contract, registration, zoning, and ownership data for one or more land parcels that have contractual development rights to the GEARS credits. Methods that further include the above.

3. In the method according to claim 1, The processing server receives the metrics of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS credits from an imaging system that receives images from one or more of the optical sensors, satellites, aircraft, drones, and balloons. Methods that further include the above.

4. In the method according to claim 1, The processing server receives the metrics of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS credits from smart sensing technology, wherein the metrics received from smart sensing technology include one or more of local precipitation, local temperature, and changes in land use or deformability. Methods that further include the above.

5. In the method according to claim 1, A step of recording the metrics of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credits on the blockchain associated with the processing server. Methods that further include the above.

6. In the method of claim 2, Steps to record on the blockchain associated with the processing server the publicly available information relating to one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credits, and one or more of the permits, contracts, registrations, zoning, and ownership rights relating to one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credits. Methods that further include the above.

7. In the method according to claim 1, The step of providing the status of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS Credits on the processing server, wherein the status includes ownership of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS Credits, ownership of the contractual development rights for the GEARS Credits of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS Credits, and the status of the contractual development rights for the GEARS Credits of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS Credits. Methods that further include the above.

8. In the method according to claim 1, Steps to register on the processing server multiple market participants who have contractual development rights to the GEARS credits hosted by the processing server and who are involved in the sale, purchase, or one or more third-party activities in the development of the GEARS credits of one or more land parcels. Methods that further include the above.

9. In the method according to claim 8, the step of granting access to the portal is: The processing server grants access to the portal by one or more market participants via a digital identity system that includes a combination of a QR code on the portal's sign-in page and biometric authentication of the QR code on a smartphone. Methods that further include the above.

10. A system for the management and trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights, It is a processing server, Hosting a portal for contractual sales, purchases, or third-party activities relating to one or more land parcels of Greenhouse Gas and Environmental Rights (GEARS) credits, wherein the GEARS credits are separate from ownership of the said one or more land parcels of land. Allow one or more market participants to access the data on the portal, The metrics of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS credits are received. Based at least the metrics received, verify that the one or more parcels of land having contractual development rights to the GEARS credits satisfy one or more of the conditions for development and potential title to the GEARS credits, Based on the results of verifying that at least one of the one or more land parcels satisfies the one or more conditions for the development and potential title of GEARS Credits, a non-fungible token (NFT) digital token is generated representing the contractual development right of the GEARS Credits for at least one of the one or more land parcels. The digital token is recorded in secure data storage, The portal records the metrics for one or more land parcels relating to the contractual development rights and verification results of each of the GEARS credits for each of the said GEARS credits, A message is generated that includes the verification result for at least one of the one or more land parcels, and Send the message to at least one of the one or more market participants. A system equipped with a processing server configured in a certain way.

11. In the system according to claim 10, The received metrics include publicly available information and one or more permit, contract, registration, zoning, and ownership data for the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the greenhouse gas and environmental rights credits, and the processing server further: Document the publicly available information of the one or more land parcels that have contractual development rights under the aforementioned GEARS credit, and Document one or more of the permits, contracts, registrations, zoning, and ownership rights of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights in the GEARS Credit. A system that is configured in a certain way.

12. In the system according to claim 10, the processing server further: A system configured to receive the metrics of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS credits from an imaging system that receives images from one or more of the following: optical sensors, satellites, aircraft, drones, and balloons.

13. In the system according to claim 10, the processing server further: A system configured to receive the metrics of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights in GEARS from smart sensing technology, wherein the metrics received from smart sensing technology include one or more of local precipitation, local temperature, and changes in land use or deformability.

14. In the system according to claim 10, the processing server further: A system configured to record the metrics of one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credits on a blockchain associated with the processing server.

15. In the system according to claim 11, the processing server further: A system configured to record, on the blockchain, the publicly available information relating to one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credits, and one or more of the permits, contracts, registrations, zoning, and ownership rights relating to one or more of the land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credits.

16. In the system according to claim 10, the processing server further: A system configured to provide the status of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS Credits, wherein the status includes ownership of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS Credits, ownership of the contractual development rights to the GEARS Credits of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS Credits, and the status of the contractual development rights to the GEARS Credits of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS Credits.

17. In the system according to claim 10, the processing server further: Register multiple market participants who have contractual development rights to the GEARS credits hosted by the processing server and who participate in one or more sales, purchases, or third-party activities in the development of the GEARS credits of one or more land parcels. A system that is configured in a certain way.

18. In the system according to claim 17, the processing server further: Allowing one or more market participants to access the portal via a digital identity system that includes a combination of a QR code on the portal's sign-in page and biometric authentication of the QR code on a smartphone. A system configured to allow access to the aforementioned portal.

19. A non-temporary computer-readable medium that stores computer-readable program code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to provide an exchange for the management and trading of greenhouse gases and environmental rights, wherein the program code is An order to host a portal on a processing server for the contractual sale, purchase, or third-party activity of greenhouse gas and environmental rights (GEARS) credits related to one or more land parcels, wherein the GEARS credits are separate from the ownership of the one or more land parcels related thereto, The processing server issues a command granting one or more market participants access to data on the portal, An order to receive metrics for the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credits, The processing server issues an instruction to save the metrics to secure data storage, On the processing server, an order is issued to verify, based on at least the received metrics, that one or more land parcels relating to the contractual development rights of the GEARS credits satisfy one or more conditions of development and potential title to the GEARS credits, Based on the results of verifying that at least one of the associated one or more land parcels satisfies the one or more conditions for the development and potential title of GEARS credits, the processing server issues an instruction to generate a digital token representing the GEARS credits of at least one of the associated one or more land parcels, The processing server issues an instruction to record the digital token in secure data storage, The processing server issues an order to record the metrics of the one or more land parcels relating to the contractual development rights and verification results of each of the GEARS credits of the one or more land parcels on the portal, The processing server provides an instruction to generate a message containing the verification result for at least one of the associated one or more land parcels, The processing server issues a command to send the message to at least one of the one or more market participants. Non-temporary computer-readable media, including [specific examples of such media].

20. In the non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 19, The received metrics include publicly available information and one or more of the permit, contract, registration, zoning, and ownership data for the one or more related land parcels having contractual development rights for the greenhouse gas and environmental rights credits, and the program code is On the processing server, document the publicly available information of the one or more land parcels that have contractual development rights for the GEARS credits. On the processing server, document one or more of the permit, contract, registration, zoning, and ownership data for the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights for the GEARS credit, and Receiving the metrics of the one or more land parcels having contractual development rights to the GEARS credits from an imaging system that receives images from one or more of the following: optical sensors, satellites, aircraft, drones, and balloons. Non-temporary computer-readable media, including the above.

Images