Microporous aerogel

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to microporous aerogels, processes for preparing microporous aerogels, and applications for microporous aerogels. The present disclosure also generally relates to devices for capturing carbon dioxide from gas streams or from the atmosphere, the devices comprising microporous aerogels for selectively adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide.

Claims

1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) ２ ) A silica-based microporous aerogel for capture, The microporous aerogel comprises a reaction product of a precursor component containing at least one amino-substituted silane, at least one silicate, and at least one alkyl-substituted silane. The microporous aerogel contains a plurality of pores, and at least 50% of the pores have a diameter of less than approximately 2 nm as measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The at least one silicate conforms to Equation 3, Si(OR 7) 4 Formula 3 (In the formula, R7 is a C1-6 alkyl group.) The at least one silicate has a filling percentage of at least about 20 mol% based on the total amount of the precursor component. Microporous aerogel.

2. The aerogel contains less than approximately 10% by volume of CO ２ CO2 ２ A microporous aerogel according to claim 1, which adsorbs.

3. The aerogel contains approximately 0.04 volume% CO ２ CO2 ２ A microporous aerogel according to claim 1 or 2, which adsorbs.

4. CO ２ A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adsorption is at least 0.47 mmol / g.

5. The amino-substituted silane conforms to formula 1, R １ Si(OR ２ ) ｎ -L-NH ２ Formula 1 During the ceremony, R １ However, C １～６ Alkyl or absent, R ２ However, C １～６ It is alkyl, L is the -C between silicon and nitrogen atoms. １～６ It is an alkyl-linker group, n is 2 or 3. A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amino-substituted silane has a filling percentage of at least about 40 mol% based on the total amount of the precursor component.

7. The alkyl-substituted silane conforms to formula 2, R ５ ｍ Si(OR ６ ) ｎ Formula 2 During the ceremony, R ５ and R ６ However, each is independent, C １～６ Selected from alkyl groups, A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein m is 1 and n is 3, or m and n are each 2.

8. The microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the alkyl-substituted silane has a filling percentage of at least about 10 mol% based on the total amount of the precursor components.

9. The density of the aerogel is approximately 0.02 g / cm³. ３ ~Approx. 0.6g / cm ３ A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which falls within the range of [the specified range].

10. The aerogel is approximately 0.1 m ２ / g ~ approx. 500m ２ A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, having a surface area in the range of / g.

11. The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 40 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane having a filling percentage of about 40 mol%, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having a filling percentage of about 20 mol%, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having a filling percentage of about 40 mol%, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane having about 60 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxy(ethyl)silane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane having a filling percentage of about 40 mol%, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxy(ethyl)silane having a filling percentage of about 40 mol%, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having a filling percentage of about 20 mol%, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is dimethyldiethoxysilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is a mixture of triethoxymethylsilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage and dimethyldiethoxysilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having a filling percentage of about 60 mol%, the alkyl-substituted silane is dimethyldiethoxysilane having a filling percentage of about 10 mol%, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having a filling percentage of about 30 mol%, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is dimethyldiethoxysilane having about 30 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 30 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is a mixture of triethoxymethylsilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage and dimethyldiethoxysilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is a mixture of triethoxymethylsilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage and triethoxy(ethyl)silane having about 20 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane having about 60 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having about 20 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 60 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is a mixture of triethoxymethylsilane having about 10 mol% fill percentage and triethoxy(ethyl)silane having about 10 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having a filling percentage of about 50 mol%, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having a filling percentage of about 25 mol%, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having a filling percentage of about 25 mol%, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having a filling percentage of about 60 mol%, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxy(ethyl)silane having a filling percentage of about 20 mol%, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having a filling percentage of about 20 mol%. A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having about 40 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having a filling percentage of about 60 mol%, the alkyl-substituted silane is triethoxymethylsilane having a filling percentage of about 20 mol%, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having a filling percentage of about 20 mol%, or The amino-substituted silane is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane having about 50 mol% fill percentage, the alkyl-substituted silane is a mixture of triethoxymethylsilane having about 15 mol% fill percentage and triethoxy(ethyl)silane having about 15 mol% fill percentage, and the silicate is tetraethyl orthosilicate having about 20 mol% fill percentage. A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. (i) A microporous aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 12, (ii) One or more additives selected from binders, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanoparticles, (iii) Optionally, a lubricant and an aerogel complex containing [the above].

14. The aerogel composite according to claim 13, wherein the additive is in an amount of about 5 to about 35% by weight based on the total weight of the microporous aerogel.

15. Carbon dioxide (CO2) ２ ) A process for preparing a silica-based microporous aerogel for capture, The microporous aerogel comprises a reaction product of a precursor component containing at least one amino-substituted silane, at least one silicate, and at least one alkyl-substituted silane. The at least one silicate conforms to Equation 3, Si(OR ７ ) ４ Formula 3 (In the formula, R7 is a C1-6 alkyl group.) The at least one silicate has a filling percentage of at least about 20 mol% based on the total amount of the precursor component, The aforementioned process, (i) (a) Mixing an aqueous solution comprising the at least one amino-substituted silane, the at least one silicate, the at least one alkyl-substituted silane, and a solvent system to form a wet gel matrix, (ii) drying the wet gel matrix to provide a dry silica-based aerogel, The dried silica-based microporous aerogel contains a plurality of pores, at least 50% of which have a diameter of less than approximately 2 nm as measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). However, the drying of the wet gel matrix is ​​supercritical CO ２ A process that does not involve

16. The process is a sol-gel process, and step (ii) is (a1) optionally heating the wet gel matrix to obtain a gel, (a2) The process according to claim 15, comprising drying the gel by solvent evaporation and / or heat treatment to provide a dried silica-based aerogel.

17. Step (ii) is (b1) Applying the wet gel matrix to a substrate to form a wet gel film coating, (b) The process according to claim 15 or 16, further comprising drying the wet gel film by solvent evaporation and / or heat treatment, thereby providing the dried silica-based microporous aerogel as a coating on the substrate.

18. The process further includes preparing an aerogel composite pellet, The method involves preparing a mixture comprising the dried silica-based microporous aerogel, one or more additives, and optionally a lubricant (provided that the additive has a filling percentage of about 5 to about 35% by weight), (c1) Compressing the mixture into pellets, or (c2) Forming a viscous paste and forming pellets by liquid extrusion molding of the mixture, The process according to claim 15 or 16, further comprising:

19. The amount of aminosubstituted silane is in the range of approximately 40% to 80% by weight based on the total aerogel. The amount of alkyl-substituted silane is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 80% by weight based on the total aerogel. The amount of silicate is in the range of approximately 10% to 50% by weight based on the total aerogel. The process according to any one of claims 15 to 18.

20. CO ２ A gas stream containing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. ２ ) is a process for capturing At least some CO2 from the aforementioned gas flow or atmosphere ２ A process comprising bringing the gas stream or atmosphere into contact with the aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 12 in order to capture the gas.

21. The process further includes a regeneration and recovery process for desorbing CO2 absorbed from the aerogel, The process according to claim 20, wherein the recycling and recovery process comprises one or more of the following: heating the aerogel to a temperature range of about 60°C to about 140°C, reducing the pressure, flowing a gas having low CO2, heating the silica-based microporous aerogel by contact with vapor, or a combination thereof.

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