3-layer glass assembly
The three-layer glass assembly with ordinary glass and inner low-emissivity films, combined with tempered glass and reinforced spacer members, addresses cost and fire resistance issues while maintaining security, achieving effective fire protection and safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- EXCEL SHANON CORP
- Filing Date
- 2022-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-22
AI Technical Summary
Conventional three-layer glass assemblies are expensive due to the use of heat-resistant glass, have a risk of low-emissivity film damage, poor security properties without tempered glass, and inadequate fire resistance, especially against internal flames.
A three-layer glass assembly composed of ordinary glass in the center with low-emissivity films on the inner surfaces of non-heat-resistant glass on both sides, using spacer members with metal and synthetic resin components for reinforcement, and incorporating tempered glass for enhanced strength.
Reduces manufacturing costs, provides sufficient fire resistance against external and internal flames, and ensures security features through tempered glass fragments and low-emissivity film protection.
Smart Images
Figure 0007876936000001
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a three-layer glass assembly, and more particularly to a three-layer glass assembly equipped on a shoji such as various windows or various doors of a building.
Background Art
[0002] The following Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose three-layer glass assemblies equipped on shoji. The three-layer glass assembly disclosed in Patent Document 1 below is composed of a non-heat-resistant glass located in the center, a heat-resistant glass disposed at a predetermined interval on one side of this non-heat-resistant glass, and a non-heat-resistant glass disposed at a predetermined interval on the other side of the non-heat-resistant glass. A low-emissivity film (Low-E film) is coated on the outer surface of the heat-resistant glass (the opposite side of the surface facing the non-heat-resistant glass located in the center). The three-layer glass assembly disclosed in Patent Document 2 below is composed of a non-heat-resistant glass located in the center, a heat-resistant glass disposed at a predetermined interval on one side of this non-heat-resistant glass, and a non-heat-resistant glass disposed at a predetermined interval on the other side of the non-heat-resistant glass located in the center. A low-emissivity film is coated on the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass disposed on the other side of the non-heat-resistant glass located in the center (the surface facing the non-heat-resistant glass located in the center). The three-layer glass assembly disclosed in Patent Document 3 below is composed of a soda-lime glass located in the center, a soda-lime glass disposed at a predetermined interval on one side of this soda-lime glass, and a soda-lime glass disposed at a predetermined interval on the other side of the soda-lime glass located in the center. Low-emissivity films are respectively coated on one side surface of the soda-lime glass located in the center, the inner surface of the soda-lime glass located on one side of the soda-lime glass located in the center (the surface facing the soda-lime glass located in the center), and the inner surface of the soda-lime glass located on the other side of the soda-lime glass located in the center (the surface facing the soda-lime glass located in the center).
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-97901 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-133675 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-169114 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]
[0004] However, conventional three-layer glass assemblies, as described above, have several problems that need to be solved: they are expensive to manufacture because they contain expensive heat-resistant glass (three-layer glass assemblies disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 above), the low-emissivity film is coated on the exposed outer surface of the glass and there is a risk that the low-emissivity film will be damaged in a short period of time (three-layer glass assemblies disclosed in Patent Document 1 above), they have poor security properties because tempered glass is not used (three-layer glass assemblies disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3), they have poor fire resistance properties (three-layer glass assemblies described in Patent Documents 1 and 3), and they have fire resistance properties against flames from the outside but poor fire resistance properties against flames from the inside (three-layer glass assemblies disclosed in Patent Document 2).
[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above facts, and its main technical objective is to provide a novel and improved triple-pane glass assembly that has sufficient fire-resistant properties against flames from the outside and / or from the inside, despite having sufficiently reduced manufacturing costs.
[0006] Another technical objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved three-layer glass assembly that, in addition to achieving the main technical objectives described above, also possesses sufficient security features. [Means for solving the problem]
[0007] As a result of diligent research and experimentation, the inventors have found that the main technical problem described above can be solved without using heat-resistant glass, by using ordinary glass for the central glass and coating the inner surfaces of the glass on both sides that face the central glass with a low-emissivity film.
[0008] In other words, according to the present invention, a three-layer glass assembly that can achieve the above-mentioned main technical objectives is composed of ordinary glass, one-sided non-heat-resistant glass arranged at a predetermined interval on one side of the ordinary glass, and the other-sided non-heat-resistant glass arranged at a predetermined interval on the other side of the ordinary glass, wherein a low-emissivity film is coated on the inner surface of the one-sided non-heat-resistant glass facing the ordinary glass and / or the inner surface of the other-sided non-heat-resistant glass facing the ordinary glass. hand , Spacer members are provided between the periphery of the ordinary glass and the periphery of the non-heat-resistant glass on one side, and between the periphery of the ordinary glass and the periphery of the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side, and each of the spacer members includes a metal plate reinforcing piece and a synthetic resin member that define its inner circumferential surface and both sides. The synthetic resin member has an outer peripheral wall portion extending in the width direction and side legs protruding circumferentially inward from both sides of the outer peripheral wall portion, and the metal plate reinforcing piece has an inner peripheral wall portion defining the inner peripheral surface of the spacer member and side legs protruding circumferentially outward from the inner peripheral wall portion defining both sides of the spacer member, and the synthetic resin member and the metal plate reinforcing piece are assembled by fitting the side legs of the metal plate reinforcing piece onto the side legs of the synthetic resin member and engaging the bent ends of the side legs of the metal plate reinforcing piece with the bases of the side legs of the synthetic resin member. A three-layer glass assembly is provided, characterized by the following: The term "ordinary glass" generally refers to relatively inexpensive, non-heat-resistant, and non-tempered glass, such as what is commonly called float glass.
[0009] The other technical challenges mentioned above are addressed by the fact that the non-heat-resistant glass on one side and / or the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side are tempered glass having a surface compressive stress of 90 MPa or more as specified in JIS R3222, or the glass fragmentation state as specified in JIS R3206, with 200 or more fragments within a 50 × 50 mm square area.
[0010] Preferably, the normal emissivity of the low-emissivity film is 0.15 or less. . Applicable The metal plate reinforcing piece preferably has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. [Effects of the Invention]
[0011] In the three-layer glass assembly of the present invention, since heat-resistant glass is not used, manufacturing costs can be reduced. In a configuration in which ordinary glass is placed in the center and a low-emissivity film is coated on the inner surfaces of the glass on both sides that face the ordinary glass in the center, sufficient fire protection properties are obtained against both flames from the outside and flames from the inside, as can be clearly seen from the experimental examples described later.
[0012] Sufficient security features can be obtained if the non-heat-resistant glass on one side and the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side are tempered glass with a surface compressive stress of 90 MPa or more as specified in JIS R3222, or if the glass fragment state as specified in JIS R3206, where the number of fragments within a 50 x 50 mm square area is 200 or more. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0013] [Figure 1] A cross-sectional view illustrating a window equipped with a preferred embodiment of a three-layer glass assembly constructed according to the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0014] The following description will be made in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of a three-layer glass assembly constructed according to the present invention.
[0015] Referring to Figure 1, the illustrated window consists of a window frame, indicated as number 2, and a three-layer glass assembly, indicated as number 4. The window frame 2, which is preferably made of a suitable synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride resin, has a rectangular frame shape overall and includes an upper frame 6, a lower frame 8, and vertical frames (not shown), with both ends of the upper frame 6 and lower frame 8 connected to the upper and lower ends of the vertical frames, respectively. The three-layer glass assembly 4 is enclosed and held by the window frame 2. In Figure 1, the left side of the three-layer glass assembly 4 is the exterior, and the right side of the glass assembly 4 is the interior. The window frame 2 itself and the way the window frame 2 holds the three-layer glass assembly 4 may be in forms well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore a detailed explanation of these is omitted in this specification.
[0016] The three-layer glass assembly 4 consists of a standard glass 10 positioned in the center, a non-heat-resistant glass 12 positioned at a predetermined interval on one side of the standard glass 10 (left side in Figure 1), and a non-heat-resistant glass 14 positioned on the other side of the standard glass 10 (right side in Figure 1). The standard glass 10 is a relatively inexpensive, non-heat-resistant, and non-tempered glass, such as a glass generally referred to as float glass, formed by the float glass manufacturing method. The non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the non-heat-resistant glass 14 are not necessarily limited to these, but are preferably glass with higher strength than standard glass, particularly tempered glass with a surface compressive stress of 90 MPa or more as defined in JIS R3222, or tempered glass with a fragment state of 200 or more fragments within a 50 × 50 mm square area as defined in JIS R3206. It is preferable that both the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side and the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side are made of tempered glass, but if desired, only one of them may be made of tempered glass.
[0017] A low-emissivity film 16 is applied to the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side (i.e., the surface facing the normal glass 10, the right side in Figure 1). Similarly, a low-emissivity film 18 is applied to the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side (i.e., the surface facing the normal glass 10, the left side in Figure 1). The low-emissivity films 16 and 18 can be applied to the entire inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the non-heat-resistant glass 14, respectively, but in the illustrated embodiment, they are applied to the area inside the primary seal described later, and not to the peripheral areas of the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the non-heat-resistant glass 14. It is preferable that the low-emissivity films 16 and 18 are applied to both the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the non-heat-resistant glass 14, but if desired, the low-emissivity films may be applied to only one of the inner surfaces. The low-emissivity films 16 and 18 preferably have a normal emissivity of 0.15 or less. The lower the normal emissivity, the greater the degree to which the flame is reflected, which suppresses the temperature rise in the center of the glass and reduces the temperature difference with the edges of the glass, thus minimizing the risk of thermal cracking.
[0018] Continuing the description with reference to FIG. 1, between the peripheral edge of the normal glass 10 disposed in the center and the peripheral edge of the one-side non-heat-resistant glass 12, and between the peripheral edge of the normal glass 10 disposed in the center and the peripheral edge of the other-side non-heat-resistant glass 14, spacer members 20 and 22, primary sealants 24 and 26, and secondary sealants 28 and 30 are respectively disposed. More specifically, each of the spacer members 20 and 22 in the illustrated embodiment includes synthetic resin members 20a and 22a and reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b made of metal plates. The synthetic resin members 20a and 22a can be formed from an appropriate synthetic resin such as vinyl chloride resin or polyolefin resin. The reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b made of metal plates are formed from an appropriate metal plate such as a stainless steel plate, and preferably have a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm. Each of the synthetic resin members 20a and 22a has an outer peripheral wall portion extending in the width direction (the left-right direction in FIG. 1) and both side leg portions protruding inward in the circumferential direction from both sides of such outer peripheral wall portion. Each of the reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b made of metal plates has an inner peripheral wall portion defining the inner peripheral surface of the spacer members 20 and 22 and both side leg portions protruding outward in the circumferential direction from this inner peripheral wall portion and defining both side surfaces of the spacer members 20 and 22. By fitting both side leg portions of the reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b made of metal plates onto both leg portions of the synthetic resin members 20a and 22a and locking the bent tip portions of both side leg portions of the reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b to the bases of both side leg portions of the synthetic resin members 20a and 22a, the synthetic resin members 20a and 22a and the reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b made of metal plates are combined. It is convenient that a desiccant (not shown) such as silica gel is filled in the space defined by the synthetic resin members 20a and 22a and the reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b made of metal plates. Since the spacer members 20 and 22 include the synthetic resin members 20a and 22a, they have the required heat insulation property, and since they include the reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b made of metal plates, they have the required strength.
[0019] Between each of the both side legs of the metal plate reinforcing piece 20b of the spacer member 20 and the normal glass 10 and between the spacer member 20 and the single-side non-heat-resistant glass 12, a primary seal 24 which is preferably made of polyisobutylene or urethane and has excellent adhesiveness and sealing properties is interposed. Similarly, between each of the both side legs of the metal plate reinforcing piece 22b of the spacer member 22 and the normal glass 10 and between the spacer member 22 and the other-side non-heat-resistant glass 14, a primary seal 26 which is preferably made of polyisobutylene or urethane and has excellent adhesiveness and sealing properties is interposed. Further, the outer peripheral side of the spacer member 20 is filled with a secondary seal 28 which is preferably made of polysulfide or silicone. Similarly, the outer peripheral side of the spacer member 22 is also filled with a secondary seal 30 which is preferably made of polysulfide or silicone.
[0020] In the illustrated embodiment, the thicknesses of the single-side non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the other-side non-heat-resistant glass are substantially the same, and the distance between the normal glass 10 located at the center and the single-side non-low-heat glass 12 is substantially the same as the distance between the normal glass 10 located at the center and the other-side non-heat-resistant glass 14. Also, the spacer member 20, the primary seal 24 and the secondary seal 28 are substantially the same as the spacer member 22, the primary seal 26 and the secondary seal 30, respectively. Therefore, the illustrated three-layer glass assembly 4 has a plane-symmetric shape with respect to a center plane extending in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 1 in the thickness direction center of the normal glass 10.
[0021] As described above, the window equipped with the three-layer glass assembly 4 possesses the required fire resistance characteristics. If the exterior side (left side in Figure 1) is exposed to flames, the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side will break relatively quickly due to the fact that it is not heat-resistant glass and that the outer surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 12 (left side in Figure 1) is not covered with a low-emissivity film. If the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side is tempered glass, it will shatter and break, generating small fragments. However, the glass 10 usually functions as a barrier, preventing the small fragments from interfering with and damaging the low-emissivity film 18 covering the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side. However, according to the inventors' experience, if the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side is maintained for a relatively long period of time without breaking in a relatively short time, the gas between the non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the normal glass 10 tends to be excessively heated and expand, causing the normal glass 10 to break before the non-heat-resistant glass 12. Furthermore, if the normal glass 10 is damaged before the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side is damaged, the normal glass 10 will not function as a barrier when the non-heat-resistant glass 12 is damaged later. This could lead to small fragments generated by the damage to the non-heat-resistant glass 12 interfering with and damaging the low-emissivity film 18 covering the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side. Additionally, fragments of the normal glass 10, which is still intact within the relatively narrow, enclosed space between the non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the non-heat-resistant glass 14, could also damage the low-emissivity film 18 covering the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 14. Therefore, it is actually advantageous for the non-heat-resistant glass 12 to be damaged within a relatively short time. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the ordinary glass 10 located in the center will break when exposed to flames due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients caused by the temperature difference between its center and periphery. However, even if it is directly exposed to flames after the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side has broken, it will remain undamaged for a certain period of time.The breakage of the ordinary glass 10 is a so-called thermal crack caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient resulting from the temperature difference between its center and periphery, and it does not break into small fragments (shatter and shatter) like tempered glass, and the breakage of the ordinary glass 10 after the breakage of the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side does not damage the low-emissivity film 18 covering the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side. After the ordinary glass 10 is broken, the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side is exposed to flames, but because the inner surface of the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side, i.e. the surface exposed to flames, is covered with the low-emissivity film 18, the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side remains undamaged for a considerable amount of time. The behavior of the indoor side (right side in Figure 1) of the triple-layered glass assembly 4 when exposed to flames is substantially the same as the behavior described above when the outdoor side of the triple-layered glass assembly 4 is exposed to flames. For these reasons, the three-layer glass assembly 4 constructed according to the present invention provides sufficient fire resistance characteristics desired for ordinary buildings against both flames on the exterior and on the interior. Furthermore, in embodiments that include metal plate reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b that define both sides together with the inner circumferential surface of the spacer members 20 and 22, the metal plate reinforcing pieces 20b and 22b maintain as much space as possible between the non-heat-resistant glass 12 on one side and the ordinary glass 10, and between the ordinary glass 10 and the non-heat-resistant glass 14 on the other side, thereby enhancing the fire resistance characteristics.
[0022] Furthermore, if one side of the non-heat-resistant glass 12 and the other side of the non-heat-resistant glass 14 are made of tempered glass, sufficient physical strength is ensured on both the exterior and interior sides, and therefore sufficient security characteristics are achieved.
[0023] Fire prevention experiment example 1 A three-layer glass assembly, as shown in Figure 1, was installed on the window frame of an inward-opening, tilt-and-turn window sold by Excel Shannon Co., Ltd. under the product name "Dreakip Window". The width of the window frame was 1185 mm and the height was 1189 mm. The width of the three-layer glass assembly was 955 mm and the height was 964 mm. The standard glass in the center was 3 mm thick transparent float glass, and both the non-heat-resistant glass on one side and the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side were 4 mm thick tempered glass with a surface compressive stress of 90 MPa or more as specified in JIS R3222 and a glass fragment state of 200 or more fragments within a 50 x 50 mm square area as specified in JIS R3206. The inner surfaces of the non-heat-resistant glass on both sides were coated with a low-emissivity film with a normal emissivity of 0.15 or less. The distance between the standard glass in the center and the non-heat-resistant glass on one side, and the distance between the standard glass in the center and the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side, were both 15 mm.
[0024] Regarding the window described above, a fire resistance test was conducted by applying a flame from the outside in accordance with the provisions of Article 2, Item 9, Subparagraph 2(b) of the Building Standards Act and Article 109-2 of the Enforcement Regulations of the same Act. As a result, approximately 3 minutes and 27 seconds after the start of the test, one side (outside) of the non-heat-resistant glass broke, and immediately afterward, cracks appeared in the normal glass, and small pieces fell due to localized damage. However, even after 20 minutes and 00 seconds, the other side (inside) of the non-heat-resistant glass remained intact (therefore, it passed the fire resistance test in accordance with the provisions of Article 2, Item 9, Subparagraph 2(b) of the Building Standards Act and Article 109-2 of the Enforcement Regulations of the same Act), and the fire resistance test was continued until 24 minutes and 00 seconds had elapsed, at which point the other side of the non-heat-resistant glass remained intact.
[0025] The fire safety tests described above were reported to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and the Minister issued a certificate of passing the fire safety tests (National Housing and Construction No. 1780).
[0026] Fire prevention experiment example 2 Except for the fact that the window frame was 775 mm wide and 1189 mm high, the triple-pane glass assembly was 545 mm wide and 964 mm high, and both the non-heat-resistant glass on one side and the other side had a surface compressive stress of approximately 50 MPa as specified in JIS R3222 and the number of glass fragments within a 50 x 50 mm square area was approximately 40 as specified in JIS R3206, a fire resistance test was conducted in the same manner as in Fire Resistance Test Example 1. As a result, approximately 3 minutes and 59 seconds after the start of the test, the non-heat-resistant glass on one side (outside) broke, and immediately afterward, cracks appeared in the normal glass and small fragments fell due to localized breakage. Subsequently, 9 minutes and 18 seconds later, the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side (inside) broke. [Explanation of symbols]
[0027] 2: Window frame 4:3 layer glass assembly 10: Standard glass 12: One side is not heat-resistant glass. 14: Non-heat-resistant glass on the other side 16:Low emissivity film 18:Low emissivity film 20: Spacer member 20a: Synthetic resin component 20b: Metal plate reinforcement piece 22: Spacer member 22a: Synthetic resin component 20b: Metal plate reinforcement piece
Claims
1. It consists of ordinary glass, one side non-heat-resistant glass arranged at a predetermined interval on one side of the ordinary glass, and the other side non-heat-resistant glass arranged at a predetermined interval on the other side of the ordinary glass, and a low-emissivity coating is applied to the inner surface of the one side non-heat-resistant glass facing the ordinary glass and / or the inner surface of the other side non-heat-resistant glass facing the ordinary glass. Spacer members are provided between the periphery of the ordinary glass and the periphery of the non-heat-resistant glass on one side, and between the periphery of the ordinary glass and the periphery of the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side, and each of the spacer members includes a metal plate reinforcing piece and a synthetic resin member that define its inner circumferential surface and both sides. A three-layer glass assembly characterized in that the synthetic resin member has an outer peripheral wall portion extending in the width direction and side legs protruding circumferentially inward from both sides of the outer peripheral wall portion, the metal plate reinforcing piece has an inner peripheral wall portion defining the inner peripheral surface of the spacer member and side legs protruding circumferentially outward from the inner peripheral wall portion defining both sides of the spacer member, and the synthetic resin member and the metal plate reinforcing piece are combined by fitting the side legs of the metal plate reinforcing piece onto the side legs of the synthetic resin member and engaging the bent ends of the side legs of the metal plate reinforcing piece with the bases of the side legs of the synthetic resin member.
2. The three-layer glass assembly according to claim 1, wherein the normal emissivity of the low-emissivity film is 0.15 or less.
3. The three-layer glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the non-heat-resistant glass on one side and / or the non-heat-resistant glass on the other side is tempered glass having a surface compressive stress of 90 MPa or more as defined in JIS R3222, or the number of glass fragments within a 50 × 50 mm square area is 200 or more as defined in JIS R3206.
4. The three-layer glass assembly according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate reinforcing piece has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.
Citation Information
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