Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, electronic device, and lighting device

Abstract

To provide a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and high reliability.SOLUTION: The light-emitting element includes a light-emitting layer having a first organic compound and a guest material. The first organic compound has a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton. The light-emitting layer includes a substituted hydrocarbon group substitution product in which at least one hydrogen atom in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number from 1 to 6. The same content is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in a weight ratio to the first organic compound.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to a novel light-emitting element. Or, it relates to a light-emitting element with specific impurities reduced. Or, it relates to a light-emitting device, an electronic device, and a lighting device having the light-emitting element. Note that one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. One aspect of the present invention relates to an object, a method

[0002] or a manufacturing method. Or, the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture or a composition (composition of matter). In particular, one aspect of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a light-emitting device, a display device, a lighting device, a light-emitting element, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background Art

[0003] The practical application of a light-emitting element (organic EL element) using electroluminescence (EL) of an organic compound is progressing. The basic configuration of these light-emitting elements is such that an organic compound layer (EL layer) containing a light-emitting material is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. By applying a voltage to this element to inject carriers and utilizing the recombination energy of the carriers, light emission from the light-emitting material can be obtained. <http: / / www.google.com / patents / US20090237982>

[0004] Since the above-described light-emitting element is self-emitting, a display device using this has advantages such as excellent visibility, no need for a backlight, and low power consumption. Furthermore, it also has advantages such as being able to be manufactured in a thin and lightweight form and having a high response speed.

[0005]

[0006] <000*********

[0007] <00********* This can sometimes cause interference. In particular, the reliability of the element is susceptible to the effects of impurities.

[0006] Therefore, in order to obtain a light-emitting element with good characteristics, especially a light-emitting element with good reliability, impurities must be removed. It is important to reduce it. Patent documents 1 and 2 describe the EL layer having an organic compound. By focusing on halogen compounds and keeping their concentration below a certain level, highly reliable light-emitting elements can be created. It has been disclosed that it can be obtained. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 00 / 41443 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-174901 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0008] While some impurities can degrade the characteristics of light-emitting elements, others can affect the characteristics of light-emitting elements. It is known that some impurities are absent. Therefore, impurities that degrade the characteristics of light-emitting elements Identifying the type of impurity is important. Also, identifying the impurity concentration that affects the light-emitting element is crucial. This is also important. Furthermore, the mechanism that degrades the characteristics of light-emitting elements is not yet fully understood. It's not.

[0009] Therefore, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel light-emitting element. The objective is to provide a light-emitting element with high reliability. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, the light-emitting effect The objective is to provide a light-emitting element with a high efficiency.

[0010] Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide a light-emitting element with reduced power consumption. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, one objective is to provide a novel light-emitting device. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, a highly reliable light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, and an electronic device are provided, respectively. The objective is to provide a light-emitting element with low power consumption. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting element with low power consumption is provided. The objective is to provide a light-emitting device and electronic equipment, respectively.

[0011] The description of the above problems does not preclude the existence of other problems. Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention is not necessarily However, it is not necessary to solve all of these issues. Other issues can be addressed by describing them in the specifications, etc. This is self-evident, and it is possible to extract other issues from the description in the specification, etc. . [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] One aspect of the present invention has an EL layer between a pair of electrodes, the EL layer having at least an emissive layer, The light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound and a hydrocarbon group-substituted compound, wherein the first organic compound is a substituted compound. Alternatively, it has an unsubstituted carbazole skeleton, and the hydrocarbon group-substituted product has hydrogen in the first organic compound. The carbonized water has a structure in which at least one atom is replaced by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The content of the elementary group-substituted compound is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in weight ratio relative to the first organic compound. It is a light-emitting element.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the hydrocarbon group-substituted product is the hydrogen atom in the first organic compound Preferably, at least one compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, at least of the hydrogen atoms in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound One is a compound substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, Hydrogenated compound is a water molecule at the 2-position in the carbazole skeleton of at least the first organic compound. These are compounds in which elementary atoms are substituted with hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the first organic compound is further a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterofragrance. It is preferable that it has a ring.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the light-emitting layer further comprises a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring. It may also have a second organic compound.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G0). It would be desirable to have it.

[0017] [ka]

[0018] However, in the general formula (G0), A is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing complex element with 1 to 25 carbon atoms. It represents an aromatic ring, where Ar represents an arylene group with 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1. Cz represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1). It would be desirable to have it.

[0020] [ka]

[0021] However, in the general formula (G1), A is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing complex element having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. It represents an aromatic ring, where Ar represents an arylene group with 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1. R 1 ~R 8 Each is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. cyclic hydrocarbon groups and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms Each represents one.

[0022] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G2). It would be desirable to have it.

[0023] [ka]

[0024] However, in the general formula (G2), A is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing complex element having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. The character represents an aromatic ring, where Ar represents an arylene group with 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1.

[0025] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the content of the hydrocarbon group-substituted product in the light-emitting layer is the first organic compound Preferably, the weight ratio to the compound is greater than 0 and 0.05 or less, and more preferably 0 It is greater than or equal to 0.025 or less.

[0026] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the guest material converts the triplet excitation energy into light emission. It is preferable that the guest material has the ability to do so. Furthermore, it is preferable that the guest material contains iridium. .

[0027] Another aspect of the present invention involves the light-emitting element of each of the above configurations and a color filter or transistor. A display device having at least one zista. Another aspect of the present invention is the said It is an electronic device having a display device and at least one of a housing or a touch sensor. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the light-emitting element of each of the above configurations and at least one housing or touch sensor. It is a lighting device having one and a light-emitting device. Another aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting device having a light-emitting element. Furthermore, electronic devices having light-emitting devices are also included in the scope. Therefore, the term "light" in this specification is also used. A light device refers to an image display device or a light source (including lighting devices). connectors, for example, FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), Display module with TCP (Tape Carrier Package) attached , a display module with a printed circuit board located beyond the TCP, or a COG ( A display module with an IC (integrated circuit) directly mounted using the Chip-On-Glass (Chip-On-Glass) method. This is also one aspect of the present invention. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] According to one aspect of the present invention, a novel light-emitting element can be provided. In particular, a highly reliable light-emitting element can be provided. An optical element can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting element with high luminescence efficiency can be provided. This can provide a light-emitting element with reduced power consumption according to one aspect of the present invention. It can provide a child. Or, according to one aspect of the present invention, a novel light-emitting element can be provided. This is possible. Alternatively, according to one aspect of the present invention, a novel light-emitting device can be provided. Alternatively, according to one aspect of the present invention, a novel display device can be provided.

[0029] Furthermore, the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. One aspect of the present invention is: It is not necessarily required to have all of these effects. Other effects are described in the specification. This is obvious from the descriptions in the specifications, drawings, and claims, and the descriptions in the specifications, drawings, and claims Therefore, it is possible to extract effects other than those mentioned above. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0030] [Figure 1] A schematic diagram of a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 2] A diagram illustrating the spin density distribution of a material according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 3] A diagram illustrating a reaction according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 4] A schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention, and a diagram illustrating the correlation of energy levels related to the light-emitting layer. [Figure 5] A conceptual diagram of an active matrix type light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 6] A conceptual diagram of an active matrix type light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 7] A conceptual diagram of an active matrix type light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 8] A schematic diagram of a display device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 9] A circuit diagram of a display device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 10] A circuit diagram of a display device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 11] A schematic diagram of a display device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 12] A schematic diagram of a display device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 13] A schematic diagram of an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 14] A diagram showing an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 15] A diagram showing an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 16] A diagram showing an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 17] A diagram showing an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 18] A diagram showing an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 19] A diagram showing an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 20] A diagram showing a lighting device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 21] A diagram showing a lighting device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 22] A diagram showing a lighting device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 23] A diagram showing a lighting device according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 24] A diagram illustrating the NMR chart of a compound in an example. [Figure 25] A diagram illustrating the MS spectrum related to the example. [Figure 26] A diagram illustrating the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of a compound in an example. [Figure 27] A diagram illustrating the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of a compound in an example. [Figure 28] A schematic diagram of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Figure 29] A diagram illustrating the current efficiency-luminance characteristics of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Figure 30] A diagram illustrating the brightness-voltage characteristics of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Figure 31] A diagram illustrating the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Figure 32] A diagram illustrating the emission spectrum of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Figure 33] A diagram illustrating the reliability test of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is as follows The description is not limited to the present invention, and the form and details may not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is possible to change this in various ways. Therefore, the present invention is an embodiment and implementation as shown below. The interpretation is not limited to the content of the example given.

[0032] For the sake of ease of understanding, the position, size, and scope of each component shown in the drawings, etc., are as follows: The actual location, size, and range may not be represented. Therefore, the disclosed invention may not reflect the actual location, size, or range. It is not necessarily limited to the location, size, or scope disclosed in drawings, etc.

[0033] Furthermore, in this specification, the ordinal numbers used as "1st," "2nd," etc., are used for convenience. The order of processes or stacking may not be indicated. For example, "the first" may be written as "the second" or This can be replaced with "third," etc., as appropriate in the explanation. The ordinal numbers used to specify one aspect of this invention may not be the same. be.

[0034] Furthermore, in this specification and other documents, when describing the structure of the invention using drawings, the same thing is used The symbols used may be consistent across different drawings.

[0035] Furthermore, in this specification, the terms "membrane" and "layer" are interchangeable. It is possible to change the term. For example, the term "conductive layer" can be changed to the term "conductive film." It may be possible to change it. Or, for example, change the term "insulating film" to "insulating layer". In some cases, it may be possible to change the terminology to this.

[0036] In this specification, etc., the singlet excited state (S * ) is a single with excitation energy It refers to a singlet state. Furthermore, the S1 level is the lowest singlet excitation energy level. It is the excitation energy level of the lowest singlet excited state (S1 state). Multiplet excited state (T * ) refers to a triplet state that has excitation energy. Also, T1 The level is the lowest level of triplet excitation energy levels, and is the lowest triplet excited state (T This refers to the excitation energy level of a state (1). In this specification, the term "singlet excitation" is used more specifically. Even when referred to as the initial state and the singlet excitation energy level, the S1 state and S1 level This may be expressed as a triplet excited state and triplet excited energy level. However, this may still represent a T1 state or T1 level.

[0037] Furthermore, in this specification, a fluorescent compound is defined as a compound that relaxes from a singlet excited state to a ground state. It is a substance that emits light in the visible light region when exposed to light. On the other hand, phosphorescent compounds are substances that exhibit triplet excited states. It is a substance that emits light in the visible light region at room temperature when it relaxes from its state to the ground state. In other words... Therefore, phosphorescent compounds are one type of substance that can convert triplet excitation energy into visible light. .

[0038] In this specification, room temperature refers to any temperature between 0°C and 40°C.

[0039] Furthermore, in this specification, the blue wavelength region refers to waves between 400 nm and 500 nm. It is a long region, and blue emission means that there is at least one emission spectral peak in that region. It is light emission. Furthermore, the green wavelength range is the wavelength range between 500 nm and less than 580 nm. Green emission is defined as emission having at least one emission spectral peak in that region. Furthermore, the red wavelength range is the wavelength range between 580 nm and 680 nm, and the red wavelength range is Emission is defined as emission having at least one emission spectral peak in the region.

[0040] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention will be described below using Figures 1 to 3. I will reveal it.

[0041] <Example of light-emitting element configuration> First, regarding the configuration of a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention, use Figures 1(A) and (B) to show the following: I will explain below.

[0042] Figure 1(A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element 150 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] The light-emitting element 150 has a pair of electrodes (electrode 101 and electrode 102), and between the pair of electrodes It has an EL layer 100 provided therein. The EL layer 100 has at least an emissive layer 130. .

[0044] Furthermore, the EL layer 100 shown in Figure 1(A) includes, in addition to the light-emitting layer 130, a hole injection layer 111, and It has functional layers such as a pore transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 119.

[0045] In this embodiment, of the pair of electrodes, electrode 101 is used as the anode, and electrode 1 Although 02 is described as the cathode, this is not the case for the configuration of the light-emitting element 150. Then, electrode 101 is used as the cathode and electrode 102 as the anode, and the stacking of each layer between these electrodes is done in the reverse order. It may also be arranged in this order. That is, from the anode side, a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, and The order in which the optical layer 130, electron transport layer 118, and electron injection layer 119 are stacked should be as follows. .

[0046] Note that the configuration of the EL layer 100 is not limited to the configuration shown in Figure 1(A), and at least the light-emitting layer 130 has a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 130. Each layer 119 may or may not have a hole. Also, the EL layer 100 is a hole Or reduce the electron injection barrier, improve hole or electron transport, hole or electron To inhibit transport, or to suppress quenching by electrodes, to suppress exciton diffusion, The configuration may also include a functional layer that has functions such as being able to do the following. It may be a single layer or a configuration in which multiple layers are stacked.

[0047] Figure 1(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the light-emitting layer 130 shown in Figure 1(A). The light-emitting layer 130 shown in B) comprises a host material 131 and a guest material 132.

[0048] The host material 131 only needs to contain at least an organic compound 131_1. Compound 131_1 is a compound that has the function of transporting electrons (has electron transport properties). Preferably, the compound has a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic skeleton. It is even more preferable if it has a group skeleton. Nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeletons have high electron transport properties and are stable. It is preferable.

[0049] Furthermore, it is preferable that the host material 131 also contains an organic compound 131_2. Compound 131_2 is a compound that has the function of transporting holes (has hole transport properties). It is preferable.

[0050] Furthermore, the combination of organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 131_2 exhibits electron transport properties. In the case of a combination of a compound that possesses hole transport properties and a compound that has hole transport properties, the mixing ratio of the two compounds will This makes it possible to easily control the carrier balance. Specifically, it has electron transport properties. Compounds: Compounds with hole transport properties = preferably in the range of 1:9 to 9:1 (weight ratio). Furthermore, having this configuration makes it easy to perform carrier balance and carrier recombination regions (exciton generation). Control of the (component region) can also be easily performed.

[0051] Furthermore, as the guest material 132, any luminescent organic compound can be used, which emits fluorescence. Substances that can do so (hereinafter referred to as fluorescent compounds) or substances that can emit phosphorescence (hereinafter referred to as It is preferable that the guest material 132 is a fluorescent compound. A description will be given of a configuration using a photochromic compound or a phosphorescent compound.

[0052] One of the required characteristics of the light-emitting element 150 is high luminous efficiency. Furthermore, there is little decrease in luminous efficiency due to long-term storage or long-term operation, that is, long Long lifespan and high reliability are required. The light-emitting element 150 has high luminous efficiency. Furthermore, in order to have high reliability, the EL layer 100, and especially the light-emitting layer 130, must contain impurities. It is preferable to use organic compounds in small quantities. Examples of impurities include organic materials. Examples include those in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbon groups or halogens. In particular, EL layer 100 In the organic compound used, it is preferable that the content of the halogenated compound is low.

[0053] In order to create a light-emitting element with a low impurity content, the organic compounds used in the light-emitting element must be... Higher purity is preferable. Therefore, the synthesis of the organic compound is carried out using reagents with few impurities or pure It is preferable to synthesize using a solvent with a high degree of purity. The impurities in the reagents used during synthesis are the target. This is because it may be present in organic compounds. Furthermore, the purification of such organic compounds is performed by sublimation. This is the common practice. Sublimation purification removes residual solvents from the synthesis and trace amounts of impurities (for example, It can separate (halides).

[0054] However, for example, because the molecular structure is similar to the organic compound used in the EL layer 100, The compound contains impurities that are difficult to separate during the purification process and whose content is difficult to reduce. In some cases, impurities may be introduced during the fabrication of the light-emitting element, resulting in impurities being incorporated into the light-emitting element. This may include substances produced by the decomposition of organic compounds during vacuum deposition. These impurities may be mixed into the light-emitting element. Also, for example, in coating methods, inkjet methods... In manufacturing methods using solvents, such as the photon process and printing method, impurities in the solvent may cause the light-emitting element to... It may get mixed into the child. Also, when driving the light-emitting element, organic compounds decompose. The generated substance may be included in the light-emitting element as an impurity. Therefore, the light-emitting element It is difficult to eliminate all impurities.

[0055] As mentioned above, it is difficult to form the EL layer 100 without impurities, The inventors have shown that if a certain impurity is below a certain concentration, it does not affect the characteristics of the light-emitting element. They found that, specifically, a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention has a host material in the light-emitting layer 130 and The material contains an organic compound having a carbazole skeleton and a guest material, and an impurity is the luminescent layer 1 At least one of the hydrogen atoms in the host material contained in 30 is a carbonized atom having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The content of hydrocarbon-substituted materials having a structure substituted with hydrogen groups is heavy relative to the host material. This is a light-emitting element whose quantitative ratio is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1.

[0056] Furthermore, when a hydrocarbon group-substituted product is a methyl group-substituted product, this methyl group-substituted product is approximately H The material has an m / z expressed as m / z + 14n (where n is a natural number).

[0057] Preferably, the content of the hydrocarbon group substitution is greater than 0 in weight ratio to the host material. It is 0.05 or less, and more preferably greater than 0 and 0.025 or less.

[0058] Organic compounds with a carbazole skeleton have a high T1 level and high carrier transport properties. Therefore, it is suitably used in light-emitting elements.

[0059] Carbazole, which is a raw material for organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton used in light-emitting devices. The derivatives are hydrocarbon groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the carbazole skeleton, in most cases A hydrocarbon group-substituted product, in which alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly a methyl group, is substituted, is an impurity. It may contain the hydrocarbon group substituted product (an organic compound having a carbazole skeleton). Because its physical properties are similar to those of the compound or its raw material, the carbazole derivative, it is purified and removed. Because it is difficult to do so.

[0060] As described above, organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton may have hydrocarbon group substitutions as impurities. Because it may be included in the composition, it could potentially have an adverse effect on the characteristics of the light-emitting element.

[0061] <Analysis of the effects of impurities using quantum chemical calculations> Here, we see the effects of hydrocarbon-substituted organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton on light-emitting elements. This will be explained below using quantum chemical calculations.

[0062] The organic compounds containing a carbazole skeleton used in the analysis and their names are listed below.

[0063] [ka]

[0064] 35DCzPPy is used as a material for electron transport layers and light-emitting layers in light-emitting devices. e-35DCzPPy is a substance that is thought to be an impurity contained in 35DCzPPy. It can be described as a methyl group-substituted derivative of 35DCzPPy.

[0065] Regarding the triplet excited state (T1) of 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy, the T1 quad We performed vibration (spin density) analysis in both the most stable structure and the metastable structure, where the lowest position is reached. The calculation method used was density functional theory (DFT). The results are shown in Figure 2. Energy consists of potential energy, electrostatic energy between electrons, and kinetic energy of electrons. It is expressed as the sum of exchange-correlation energies that include all complex electron-electron interactions. In DFT, A functional (meaning a function of functions) of a one-electron potential expressed in terms of electron density, showing exchange-correlation interactions. Since it approximates the function, the calculation is fast. Here, we use the mixture functional B3LYP. Then, the weights of each parameter related to exchange and correlation energy were defined. Furthermore, the basis functions were defined. Therefore, 6-311G(d,p) was used. Gaussian 09 was used as the calculation program. Used.

[0066] In Figure 2, the shadows within the molecule indicate the spin in the T1 excited state. 35DCzPPy There is a significant difference in the spin density distribution in the T1 most stable structure of Me-35DCzPPy. This was not observed, indicating that the spin tends to spread to the pyridine ring and phenylene group. On the other hand, In the T1 metastable structure, the spins are mainly in both 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy. Although it extends to the carbazole ring, in Me-35DCzPPy the spin is on the methyl group. It can be seen that it extends to this extent. Furthermore, the spin density of the methyl group is approximately 3% of the total. Oh, the ratio of spin densities was calculated from the sum of the absolute values ​​of the spin densities of each atom.

[0067] The calculation procedure is as follows: First, the most stable structure of the ground state (S0 state) is used as the initial structure. The T1 metastable structure was obtained by recalculating the most stable structure of T1. The initial structure is designed to facilitate the presence of electrons with the spin in the T1 excited state on the lysine ring and phenylene group. This sets the structure. The excitation energy is the energy of the most stable structure of S0 and each The energy difference of the stabilized structures at T1 is being calculated. The most stable structure at T1 is considered the initial structure. Even if we recalculate the S0 most stable structure again, it will be the same structure as the S0 most stable structure calculated previously. This became an energy value.

[0068] In other words, the excitation from the ground state (S0 state) of Me-35DCzPPy to the T1 excited state is Considering the structural changes due to this, the structural changes between the ground state and the T1 most stable structure are greater than the structural changes between the ground state and the T1 most stable structure. The molecular twisting is greater than that between T1 metastable structures, making it less likely to occur. The energy difference between the T1 most stable structure and the T1 metastable structure of Me-35DCzPPy is 0.0 Because it is small at 9eV, the T1 excited state of Me-35DCzPPy is smaller than that of 35DCzPPy. It can be said that it is prone to becoming a T1 metastable structure. As mentioned above, the T1 metastable structure of Me-35DCzPPy Under constant conditions, the spin extends to the methyl group, so a reaction originating from the methyl group occurs. There are cases where this occurs.

[0069] Next, quantum chemical calculations revealed that the methyl group in Me-35DCzPPy between the two molecules and Through interaction of the pyridine rings, a hydrogen atom from the methyl group moves to the pyridine ring, forming CH2 Analysis of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction that produces -35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy-H. The reaction equations and names of the organic compounds used in the analysis are shown below.

[0070] [ka]

[0071] Analysis of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction in the triplet lowest excited state revealed the reaction pathway and energy The diagram is shown in Figure 3.

[0072] Figure 3 shows Me-35DCzPPy in the T1 state and Me-35 in the ground state (S0 state). DCzPPy was referenced to the energy of the state where it is dissociated at infinity. The activation energy for the reaction in which an atom moves to a pyridine ring is 0.54 eV, and it occurs at room temperature. This can happen. Furthermore, in the final state after hydrogen atom transfer, CH2-35DCzPPy and Me-35 DCzPPy-H are each in a radical state, and the energy of the final state is the same as the initial state. It is stable at an energy lower than that, and this reaction is exothermic. In the light-emitting layer (excited state) when the optical element is driven, Me-3 between two molecules If the molecular configuration of 5DCzPPy is such that the methyl group and the pyridine ring interact, A hydrogen atom transfer reaction may occur.

[0073] The generated radical states CH2-35DCzPPy and Me-35DCz During operation of the light-emitting element, PPy-H receives electrons or holes, respectively, and generates singlets. It enters the ground state. CH2-35DCzPPy, which has become an anion state by accepting electrons, T1 The T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy-H, which has become a cation state by accepting a level and a hole. The calculated values ​​are shown in Table 1. The measured values ​​for the T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy are also shown. vinegar.

[0074] The calculations were performed in the same manner as the calculation method for the T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy mentioned earlier.

[0075] [Table 1]

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the anionic state CH2-35DC produced by the hydrogen atom transfer reaction The T1 level of zPPy and the T1 level of the cation state Me-35DCzPPy-H are very These values ​​are small. Therefore, they can be a factor in deactivation of light-emitting elements. In other words, CH2-35DCz from an excited state guest material or host material to an anionic state. An excitation energy transfer occurs between PPy and the cation state Me-35DCzPPy-H. As a result, light emission from the guest material is lost, and the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting element decreases. ru.

[0077] As described above, compounds in which hydrogen atoms in the carbazole skeleton are replaced by methyl groups are light-emitting elements. If present inside, driving the light-emitting element can generate substances within the element that can cause deactivation. This can sometimes negatively impact reliability. Therefore, the carbazole skeleton... It is preferable to have a low content of compounds in which the hydrogen atoms are replaced by methyl groups. As mentioned above. The spin density of the methyl group in the T1 state of Me-35DCzPPy is approximately 3% of the total. It is expected that substances that could cause deactivation will have an effect if they are present in amounts equivalent to those in the guest material. Therefore, it is preferable that the content is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in weight ratio to the host material. More preferably, it is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, and even more preferably greater than 0 It is 0.025 or less.

[0078] Note that in this calculation, the calculation was performed for the case where the substituent in the carbazole skeleton is a methyl group. The reaction is not limited to methyl groups. The substituent is a hydrocarbon group, at least an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. In that case, it can be said that a similar reaction occurs.

[0079] Note that this calculation involved the reaction with nitrogen in the pyridine skeleton, but the above reaction is pyridine This reaction is not limited to skeletons. Similar reactions are expected to occur in nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring compounds. At the very least, it can be said that similar reactions occur in compounds having a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic ring. That is, it has a pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, and triazine ring. It can be said that a similar reaction occurs in compounds that have a lone pair of electrons. This phenomenon occurs in the case of aromatic compounds.

[0080] Furthermore, in hydrocarbon-substituted materials, at least one hydrogen atom in the host material within the luminescent layer is a hydrocarbon group. It can be said that the above reaction occurs when the replaced structure is present.

[0081] Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layer is the substituted or unsubstituted carbazolite layer described above. It comprises a first organic compound having a ring skeleton, and the first organic compound is a nitrogen-containing six-membered ring heterofragrance. The compound is either a compound having a ring or a heteroaromatic compound having a lone pair of electrons. It is an optical element. Alternatively, the light-emitting layer contains not only the first organic compound, but also a second organic The compound has a second organic compound having a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic ring, Alternatively, the light-emitting element is a heteroaromatic compound having a lone pair of electrons.

[0082] Furthermore, the radical molecules generated in this calculation accept electrons or holes and reach a singlet ground state. We performed an analysis of the case where this occurs, but since radicals are generally highly reactive, they are generated within the light-emitting element. This can cause reactions with other organic materials (such as host materials and guest materials), leading to degradation. Furthermore, the excitation energy of the radical itself is low, making it likely to act as a quenching factor. .

[0083] Note that the above calculation involves quantum chemical calculations of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction between Me-35DCzPPy molecules. However, a similar reaction occurred in the excited state, i.e., the T1 state or S1 state of Me-35DCz. Assuming that this occurs in PPy and the ground state (S0 state) of 35DCzPPy, quantum chemical calculations are performed. If this is done, it can be said that the same results as the calculation results above will be obtained. This is because of the carbazole skeleton. This is because it is a reaction between the methyl group bonded to the pyridine skeleton and the nitrogen atom of the pyridine skeleton.

[0084] Furthermore, the above hydrogen atom transfer reaction can also occur between two different molecules. In the luminescent layer, carbazo Organic compounds in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbon skeleton is replaced by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. When a compound and an organic compound having a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring are present simultaneously, the above hydrogen atom transfer occurs. A reaction may occur.

[0085] Furthermore, the above calculations involved quantum chemical calculations regarding the reaction of the methyl group bonded to the carbazole skeleton. However, the above reaction is not limited to substituents on the carbazole skeleton. The spin is spread out. If hydrocarbon groups are present as substituents on the skeleton, a similar reaction is expected to occur.

[0086] Furthermore, the above calculation involved quantum chemical calculations of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction, but as mentioned above, Me-3 In the T1 state of 5DCzPPy, the spin is spread across the methyl group. Therefore, Other reactions besides the hydrogen atom transfer reaction starting from the chill group may also occur. In this case, Similar to the hydrogen atom transfer reaction, Me-35DCzPPy is converted into a radical molecule, and the radical Cal molecules can act as a quenching factor, which can lead to device degradation. Therefore, carbazole bone It is preferable that the content of compounds in which a hydrogen atom in the cell is replaced by a methyl group is low, host Preferably, the content is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 by weight relative to the material. It is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, and more preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.025. ru.

[0087] <Material> Next, the details of the components of the light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention will be described below.

[0088] ≪Luminous layer≫ The light-emitting layer 130 has at least a host material 131 and further a guest material 132 This is preferable. Also, the host material 131 is organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 131_2 It may have the following. In the light-emitting layer 130, the host material 131 is present in the largest amount by weight. The guest material 132 is dispersed in the host material 131. The guest material 132 becomes fluorescent. In the case of a composite, the host material 131 of the light-emitting layer 130 (organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 1 The S1 level in 31_2) is the S1 level of the guest material (guest material 132) in the emissive layer 130. It is also preferable that the luminescence is high. Furthermore, if the guest material 132 is a phosphorescent compound, the luminescent layer 130 The T1 level of the host material 131 (organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 131_2) is It is preferable that the T1 level of the guest material (guest material 132) in the light-emitting layer 130 is higher than that of the guest material 132.

[0089] The host material 131 is preferably a compound having a carbazole skeleton. Examples of basol derivatives include 3-[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)- N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA1), 3,6- Bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcap Luvazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA2), 3,6-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophen [Nyl)-N-(1-naphthyl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzTP) N2), 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]- 9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N-(9-phenyl Lucarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation) :PCzPCA2),3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazole- 3-yl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), N,N-di Phenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazo 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl) Riphenylamine (abbreviation: DPhPA), 4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-4' -(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA), N, 9-Diphenyl-N-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H- Luvazole-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-{4-[4- (10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]phenyl}-9H-carbazole-3- Amine (abbreviation: PCAPBA), N,9-diphenyl-N-(9,10-diphenyl-2) -Anthril)-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), 9-pheni Lu-3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole ( Abbreviation: PCzPA), 3,6-diphenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antri [Phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as DPCzPA), etc., can be used.

[0090] Furthermore, if the host material 131 has organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 131_2, Organic compound 131_1 has a carbazole skeleton and is further a nitrogen-containing six-membered heterogeneous aromatic compound. It is preferable that the compound has a group skeleton. Specifically, as a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, Pyridine skeleton, diazine skeleton (pyrazine skeleton, pyrimidine skeleton, and pyridazine skeleton), Examples include compounds having a triazine skeleton. These basic nitrogen-containing heterofragrance compounds are also included. Examples of compounds having a fragrance group skeleton include pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, and pyrimi Zin derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, f Examples include compounds such as phenanthroline derivatives and purine derivatives. Also, organic compounds 13 1_1 is to use materials that have higher electron transport capabilities than holes (electron transport materials). Yes, 1 x 10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has an electron mobility of / Vs or higher. Furthermore, these materials consist of only one type of host material 131, i.e., the host material of the light-emitting layer. It can also be suitably used in the following cases.

[0091] Specifically, for example, 2-[3-(3,9'-bi-9H-carbazole-9-yl) [enyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzCzPDBq), 4,6-bi Su[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mCz) Heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton such as P2Pm, and 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl Lu-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl]phenyl}-4 Triazines such as 6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn) Heterocyclic compounds having a 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) Phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy), and other heterocyclic compounds with a pyridine skeleton. Compounds can also be used. Among the heterocyclic compounds mentioned above, triazine skeletons and diazines are also available. Heterocyclic compounds having a (pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine) skeleton or a pyridine skeleton. It is stable, reliable, and preferable. Furthermore, the heterocyclic compound having this skeleton is electron It offers high transportability and contributes to reducing drive voltage.

[0092] In addition, as organic compound 131_1, in addition to the heteroaromatic ring compounds mentioned above, the following are also included: Hetero-aromatic ring compounds can also be used.

[0093] Vasophenanthroline (abbreviated as BPhen), vasocuproin (abbreviated as BCP), etc. Heterocyclic compounds having a pyridine skeleton, or 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl) [enyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[ 3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h] Noxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(9H-carbazole) [-9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCz) BPDBq), 2-[4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl) [nyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7-[3- (Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II), and 6-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)fer [nyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), 4,6- Bis[3-(phenanthrene-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP) 2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothienyl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 1,3,5-tri[3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl] Examples include heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton, such as benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB). Also, poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexyl Fluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)(abbreviation: PF- Py), poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2' Using polymer compounds such as (-bipyridine-6,6'-diyl) (abbreviation: PF-BPy) It is also possible. The substances described herein are mainly 1×10 -6 cm 2 with an electron mobility of / Vs or more. Note that as long as the substance has higher electron transportability than holes, substances other than the above may be used.

[0094] As the organic compound 131_2, a compound having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton or a tertiary amine skeleton can be used, and it is preferable to have a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton. Specifically , a pyrrole skeleton or an aromatic amine skeleton can be mentioned. Specifically , an indole derivative , a carbazole derivative, a triarylamine derivative, etc. can be mentioned. Further, as the nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton , an imidazole skeleton, a triazole skeleton, and a tetrazole skeleton can be mentioned . Further, as the organic compound 131_2, a material having higher hole transportability than electrons (hole transport material) can be used, and it is preferably a material having a hole mobility of 1×10 cm -6 / Vs or more 2 . Further, the hole transport material may be a polymer compound . Further, among the compounds having the carbazole skeleton described above, a material having a hole mobility of 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more can also be preferably used

[0095] As these materials with high hole transportability, specifically, as aromatic amine compounds, N ,N’-di(p-tolyl)-N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DT DPPA), 4,4’-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N’-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl amino]}biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N’-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl [amino]phenyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4' -Diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5-tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophen) Examples include [phenyl]-N-phenylaminobenzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), etc. .

[0096] Also, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK) and poly(4-vinyltriphen Nylamine (abbreviation: PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenyl [amino)phenyl]phenyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylamide]( Abbreviation: PTPDMA), poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis High molecular weight compounds such as (phenyl)benzidine (abbreviated as Poly-TPD) can also be used. can.

[0097] Furthermore, as a material with high hole transport properties, for example, 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthium [N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviated as NPB or α-NPD) or N,N'- Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4, 4'-Diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4',4''-Tris(carbazole-9-yl) ) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(1-naphtholamine) [1'-TNATA]-N-phenylaminotriphenylamine (abbreviation: 1'-TNATA), 4,4 ',4''-Tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDAT) A) 4,4',4''-Tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino] Triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA), 4,4'-bis[N-(spiro-9,9' -bifluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4 -phenyl-4'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)trife Nylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2) -yl)-N-{9,9-dimethyl-2-[N'-phenyl-N'-(9,9-dimethyl -9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino]-9H-fluoren-7-yl}phenylamine N (abbreviation: DFLADFL), N-(9,9-dimethyl-2-diphenylamino-9H- Fluoren-7-yl)diphenylamine (abbreviation: DPNF), 2-[N-(4-diphenyl [Nylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPASF), 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(9- Phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1B) P), 4-(1-naphthyl)-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4'-di(1-naphthyl)-4''- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBN) BB), 4-phenyldiphenyl-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl) Min (abbreviation: PCA1BP), N,N'-bis(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl) -N,N'-diphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine (abbreviation: PCA2B), N,N', N''-triphenyl-N,N',N''-tris(9-phenylcarbazole-3-I) (iii) benzene-1,3,5-triamine (abbreviation: PCA3B), N-(4-biphenyl) -N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carb azole-3-amine (abbreviation: PCBiF), N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-di methyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), 9,9-dimethyl-N -phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]f luorene-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl -9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene-2-a mine (abbreviation: PCBASF), 2-[N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N -phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: PCASF), 2,7-bi s[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-spiro-9,9' -bifluorene (abbreviation: DPA2SF), N-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl]-N-(4-phenyl)phenylaniline (abbreviation: YGA1BP), N,N’ -bis[4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N’-diphenyl-9,9- dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2F), and other aromatic amine compounds etc. can be used. Further, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl -9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPN), 3-[4-(9-phenanthryl)-phe nyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPPn), 3,3'-bis(9 -phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl benzene) (abbreviation: mCP), 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenyl carbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl) -9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PhCzGI), 2,8-di(9H-carbazol -9-yl)-dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: Cz2DBT) and other amine compounds, carbazole compounds, etc. can be used. Among the above-mentioned compounds, compounds having a pyrrole skeleton, aromatic amine skeleton are stable and have good reliability and are preferable. Further, compounds having such a skeleton have high hole transportability and contribute to reducing the driving voltage.

[0098] In addition, as the organic compound 131_2, compounds having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton such as an imidazole skeleton, a triazole skeleton, and a tetrazole skeleton can be used. Specifically for example, 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butyl ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Examples of compounds include anthracene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, and phenanthochemicals. Pyrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, perylene derivatives, stilbene derivatives, acridone derivatives, Marine derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, phenothiazine derivatives, etc. are preferred, for example: The following substances can be used.

[0100] Specifically, 5,6-bis[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-2 ,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-bis[4'-(10-phenyl -9-anthryl)biphenyl-4-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2) BPy), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorine [Len-9-yl]phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FLPAPrn) N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis[3-(9-phenyl-9H -Fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6mMem FLPAPrn), N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl] )phenyl]-N,N'-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-pyrene-1,6-di Amine (abbreviation: 1,6tBu-FLPAPrn), N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl -9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-3,8-dicyclo Hexylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: ch-1,6FLPAPrn), N,N'- Bis[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenylsyl Ben-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) )-4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA) ), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4'-(9,10-diphenyl-2-yl) Tolyl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4 -(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine( Abbreviation: PCAPA), Perylene, 2,5,8,11-Tetra(tert-butyl)perylene (Abbreviation: TBP), 4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)-4'-(9-phenyl -9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPA), N,N ''-(2-tert-butylanthracene-9,10-diyldi-4,1-phenylene )Bis[N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] (abbreviation: DPA) BPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) Phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPPA), N-[4-( 9,10-Diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl- 1,4-Phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPPA), N,N,N',N',N'', N'',N''',N'''-Octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,1 0,15-tetraamine (abbreviation: DBC1), coumarin 30, N-(9,10-diphenyl Lu-2-anthryl)-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-an [Tryl]-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCABP) hA), N-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,N',N'-triphenyl 1,4-Phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPA), N-[9,10-bis(1, 1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1 ,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPABPhA), 9,10-bis(1,1'-bi phenyl-2-yl)-N-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N- phenylanthracen-2-amine (abbreviation: 2YGABPhA), N,N,9-triphe nylanthracen-9-amine (abbreviation: DPhAPhA), coumarin 6, coumarin 545 T, N,N'-diphenylquinacridone (abbreviation: DPQd), rubrene, 2,8-di-t ert-butyl-5,11-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6,12-diphe nyltetracene (abbreviation: TBRb), Nile red, 5,12-bis(1,1'-biphe nyl-4-yl)-6,11-diphenyltetracene (abbreviation: BPT), 2-(2-{2 -[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-yl lidene)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM1), 2-{2-methyl-6-[2-(2, 3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl yl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM2), N,N, N',N'-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,11-diamine (abbreviation : p-mPhTD), 7,14-diphenyl-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-me thylphenyl)acenaphtho[1,2-a]fluoranthene-3,10-diamine (abbreviation: p-mPhAFD), 2-{2-isopropyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetrame thyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl [Ethenyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTI) ), 2-{2-tert-butyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3 ,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl ]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTB), 2-(2 ,6-bis{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-4H-pyran-4- Iridene)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCM), 2-{2,6-bis[2-(8 -Methoxy-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5 H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene} Propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCJ™), 5,10,15,20-tetrapheny Rubisbenzo[5,6]indeno[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]perile Examples include n, etc.

[0101] As shown in Table 1, the hydrocarbon group-substituted derivative of the first organic compound described above is at the T1 level. This affects the decrease. Therefore, the guest material converts the triplet excitation energy into luminescence. In the case of a material having the function of being able to do this, one aspect of the present invention is more effective. Triplet excitation energy Materials that have the function of converting energy into light include phosphorescent materials and thermally activated retarders. Thermally activated delayed fluoresc Examples of materials include ence:TADF, which are described below. When the T1 level of the guest material is high, specifically, the emission peaks exhibited by these guest materials When the wavelength is between 450 nm and 530 nm, one aspect of the present invention is particularly effective.

[0102] Guest material 132 (phosphorescent compound) can be iridium, rhodium, or platinum-based. Examples include organometallic complexes or metal complexes, among which organoiridium complexes, for example, iridium Um-based orthometallic complexes are preferred. 4H-triazo is a suitable ligand for orthometallation. 1H-triazole ligand, 1H-triazole ligand, imidazole ligand, pyridine ligand, pyrimi Examples include din ligands, pyrazine ligands, or isoquinoline ligands. Metal complexes Examples include platinum complexes containing porphyrin ligands.

[0103] Examples of substances that have a blue or green emission peak include tris{2-[5-(2 -methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazo [Ir-3-yl-κN2]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpp) tz-dmp)3), Tris(5-methyl-3,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-) Ryasolato) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(Mptz)3), Tris[4-(3- [Biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato] Lydium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPrptz-3b)3), Tris[3-(5-Bif [Phenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridi Um(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPr5btz)3), a 4H-triazole skeleton organometallic iridium complexes having, or tris[3-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl) -5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir (Mptz1-mp)3), Tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H- 1,2,4-Triazolat) Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: Ir(Prptz1-Me) 3) Organometallic iridium complexes having a 1H-triazole skeleton, or fac-tri S[1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole] Rydium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPrpmi)3), Tris[3-(2,6-dimethyl Iridium (I)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f]phenantridinato]iridium II) (abbreviation: Ir(dmpimpt-Me)3) has an imidazole skeleton iridium metal complexes and bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinate- N,C 2’ Iridium(III) tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl) borate (abbreviation: FI) r6), bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinate-N,C 2’ ] Iri Dium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: Firpic), bis{2-[3',5'-bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) pico Rinart (abbreviation: Ir(CF3ppy)2(pic)), Bis[2-(4',6'-Jif Luorophenyl)pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Fir(acac)) contains a phenylpyridine derivative having an electron-withdrawing group. Examples include organometallic iridium complexes used as ligands. Among those mentioned above, 4H-triazole is one example. It has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton, such as a 1H-triazole skeleton and an imidazole skeleton. The organometallic iridium complex has a high triplet excitation energy and offers reliability and luminescence efficiency. It is particularly preferable because it also excels in other areas.

[0104] Furthermore, examples of substances that have a green or yellow emission peak include tris(4-methyl Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppm)3), 6-phenylpyrimidinato Tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: I r(tBuppm)3), (acetylacetonate)bis(6-methyl-4-phenylpyryl) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppm)2(acac)), (acetyl Luacetonato)bis(6-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium III) (Abbreviation: Ir(tBuppm)2(acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis [4-(2-norbornyl)-6-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation) :Ir(nbppm)2(acac)),(acetylacetonato)bis[5-methyl-6 -(2-methylphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpmppm)2(acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis{4,6-dimethicone} Lu-2-[6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-pyrimidinyl-κN3]phenyl- κC} Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(dmppm-dmp)2(acac)), ( Acetylacetonato)bis(4,6-diphenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III)( Abbreviation: Organometallic irritants with a pyrimidine skeleton, such as Ir(dppm)2(acac) Dium complexes, and (acetylacetonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazine Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppr-Me)2(acac)), (acetyl Luacetonato)bis(5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyradinato)iridi Pyrazine bones like Um(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppr-iPr)2(acac)) iridium organometallic complexes with a specific classification, and tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C) 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(ppy)3), bis(2-phenylpyridinate-N) ,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(ppy)2(ac) ac)), bis(benzo[h]quinolinate)iridium(III)acetylacetonate (Abbreviation: Ir(bzq)2(acac)), Tris(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridiu Mu(III) (abbreviation: Ir(bzq)3), Tris(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C) 2 ’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(pq)3), bis(2-phenylquinolinazole- N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(pq)2(ac) Organometallic iridium complexes having a pyridine skeleton, such as ac)), and bis(2,4-diph Enyl-1,3-oxazolato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) Acetylaceton (abbreviation: Ir(dpo)2(acac)), bis{2-[4'-(perfluorophenicol) [Phenyl]pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate ( Abbreviation: Ir(p-PF-ph)2(acac)), bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolat -N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(bt)2(a) In addition to organometallic iridium complexes such as CAC, there are also tris(acetylacetonate)(monophenate). Nanthroline terbium(III) (abbreviation: Tb(acac)3(Phen)) Examples include rare earth metal complexes. Among those mentioned above, organometallic ylids having a pyrimidine skeleton are particularly noteworthy. Dium complexes are particularly preferred because they offer outstanding reliability and luminous efficiency.

[0105] Furthermore, examples of substances that have a yellow or red emission peak include (diisobutyryl Methanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato]iridium(II) I) (abbreviation: Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)), bis[4,6-bis(3-methyl [Phenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir (5 mdppm)2(dpm)), bis[4,6-di(naphthalene-1-yl)pyrimid Nat] (dipivaloylmethanato) Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: Ir(d1npm)2) Organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrimidine skeleton such as dpm, and (acetylacet Tonato)bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyradinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: I r(tppr)2(acac)), bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinate)(dipy Valoylmethanato) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(tppr)2(dpm)), ( Acetylacetonato)bis[2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)quinoxalinato] A pyrazine skeleton like lysium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(Fdpq)2(acac)) The organometallic iridium complexes and tris(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C) 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(piq)3), bis(1-phenylisoquinolinate) -N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(piq)2( In addition to organometallic iridium complexes with a pyridine skeleton such as acac), 2, 3, 7, 8,12,13,17,18-Octaethyl-21H,23H-Porphyrin Platinum(II) Platinum complexes such as (abbreviation: PtOEP) and tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-p Europium(III) (Abbreviation: Eu(DB) M)3(Phen)), Tris[1-(2-tenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetate Tonato (monophenanthroline) europium(III) (abbreviation: Eu(TTA)3) Examples include rare earth metal complexes such as Phen). Among those mentioned above, the pyrimidine skeleton The organometallic iridium complex possesses outstanding reliability and luminescence efficiency, and is therefore particularly preferred. Furthermore, organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrazine skeleton can produce a red emission with good chromaticity. It is possible.

[0106] The light-emitting material included in the light-emitting layer 130 is capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission. A material is preferable. A material that can convert the triplet excitation energy into light emission is phosphorescent. In addition to phosphorescent compounds, TADF materials can be mentioned. Therefore, the part that says phosphorescent compound Regarding this, it is acceptable to interpret it as thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. A material is one in which the difference between the triplet excitation energy level and the singlet excitation energy level is small, and the opposite interval A material that has the function of converting energy from a triplet excited state to a singlet excited state through crossing. It is a material. Therefore, the triplet excited state can be brought to a singlet excited state with only a small amount of thermal energy. Upconversion (reverse intersystem crossing) is possible, and emission (fluorescence) from singlet excited states can be efficiently performed. It can exhibit this. Furthermore, conditions under which thermally activated delayed fluorescence can be efficiently obtained include triple The energy difference between the singlet excitation energy level and the singlet excitation energy level is preferably 0 eV. It is greater than 0.2 eV and less, and more preferably greater than 0 eV and less than 0.1 eV. These are some examples.

[0107] When a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is composed of only one type of material, for example, the following materials can be used. It is possible.

[0108] First, there are fullerenes and their derivatives, acridine derivatives such as proflavin, and eosin. It can be produced. Also, magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (S) n) Metals containing platinum (Pt), indium (In), or palladium (Pd), etc. Examples include metal-containing porphyrins. For example, protoporph Fluorine-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Proto IX)), mesoporphyrin-fluoride Tin complex (SnF2(Meso IX)), hematoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (Sn F2 (Hemato IX), coproporphyrin tetramethyl ester - tin fluoride Complex (SnF2(Copro III-4Me)), octaethylporphyrin-fluoride Tin complex (SnF2(OEP)), Ethioporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(E Examples include tio I)) and octaethylporphyrin-platinum chloride complex (PtCl2OEP). It can be done.

[0109] Furthermore, as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material composed of one type of material, a π-electron-rich complex atom is an example. Heterocyclic compounds having aromatic rings and π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic rings can also be used. Specifically is 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4,6-bis(12-phenylindoro[2,3- a)Carbazole-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PIC-TRZ), 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol [9-yl]phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PC) CzPTzn), 2-[4-(10H-phenoxazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4, 6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PXZ-TRZ), 3-[4-(5- Phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4,5-diphenyl Lu-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: PPZ-3TPT), 3-(9,9-dimethyl- 9H-acridine-10-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (abbreviation: ACRXTN) , bis[4-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)phenyl]sulfone (Abbreviation: DMAC-DPS), 10-phenyl-10H,10'H-spiro[acridine] Examples include -9,9'-anthracene]-10'-one (abbreviated as ACRSA). Because the cyclic compounds have π-electron-rich heteroaromatic rings and π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic rings, High transportability and hole transportability are desirable. In particular, a skeleton having a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring is preferred. Among these, diazine skeletons (pyrimidine skeletons, pyrazine skeletons, pyridazine skeletons), or tri The azine skeleton is preferred because it is stable and reliable. Furthermore, the π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring is also preferred. Among the skeletons it possesses, the acridine skeleton, phenoxazine skeleton, thiophene skeleton, and furan skeleton are particularly noteworthy. The pyrrole skeleton is stable and reliable, therefore any of the skeletons can be selected. It is preferable to have one or more of these. The pyrrole skeleton is indole. The skeleton, the carbazole skeleton, and 3-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)- A 9H-carbazole skeleton is particularly preferred. Note that π-electron-rich heteroaromatic rings and π-electron-deficient rings are also preferred. Substances directly bonded to a type of heteroaromatic ring exhibit both donor and π-electron-deficient properties for π-electron-rich heteroaromatic rings. Both the acceptor properties of the complex aromatic ring are strong, and the energy levels of the singlet excited state and the triplet excited state are also strong. This is particularly preferable because it reduces the energy level difference from the initial state's energy level.

[0110] Furthermore, the light-emitting layer 130 contains materials other than the host material 131 and the guest material 132. It's okay to do so.

[0111] There are no particular limitations on the materials that can be used for the light-emitting layer 130, but for example, ant spiral derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, dibenzo[g, Examples include condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds such as p]chrysene derivatives, specifically 9,10-diph Phenylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 6,12-dimethoxy-5,11-diphenylanthracene Nyl chrysene, 9,10-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: D PPA), 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 2-tert -butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 9, 9'-Biantril (abbreviation: BANT), 9,9'-(Stilben-3,3'-Zil) Diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS), 9,9'-(stilben-4,4'-diyl)di Phenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS2), 1,3,5-tri(1-pyrenyl)benzene (abbreviation) Examples include (name: TPB3). Furthermore, from among these and known substances, the above Singlet or triplet excitation energy levels higher than the excitation energy levels of guest material 132 One or more materials having excitation energy levels can be selected and used.

[0112] Furthermore, for example, a compound having a heteroaromatic skeleton such as an oxadiazole derivative is used in the light-emitting layer 1. It can be used in 30. Specifically, for example, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4 -tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), and 1 ,3-bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole- 2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 9-[4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-o Xadiazole-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CO11), 4, 4'-Bis(5-methylbenzoxazol-2-yl)stilbene (abbreviation: BzOs) Examples of heterocyclic compounds include the following.

[0113] Furthermore, metal complexes containing heterocyclic rings (for example, zinc and aluminum-based metal complexes) emit light. It can be used in layer 130. For example, quinoline ligand, benzoquinoline ligand, oxy Examples include metal complexes having a sazole ligand or a thiazole ligand. Specifically, For example, tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Alq), tri (4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Almq3), (10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviation: BeBq2) ), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolate)(4-phenylphenolate)aluminum ( III) (Abbreviation: BAlq), Bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (Abbreviation: Znq) Examples include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton. In addition, bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnP) BO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnB) Metal complexes with oxazole-based or thiazole-based ligands, such as TZ, are also used. It is possible.

[0114] The light-emitting layer 130 can also be composed of two or more layers. For example, the first When the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer are stacked in order from the hole transport layer side to form the light-emitting layer 130, A material having hole transport properties is used as the host material for the first light-emitting layer, and the host material for the second light-emitting layer This includes configurations that use materials with electron transport properties. Also, the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer The light-emitting material in the light layer may be the same material or different materials, and the same color light-emitting material may be emitted. Even if a material has the function of emitting light, it is a material that has the function of emitting light of different colors. It is also acceptable to use two light-emitting layers, each containing a light-emitting material that exhibits different colors of light emission. By using each of them, multiple light sources can be obtained simultaneously. In particular, the two light-emitting layers exhibit It is preferable to select the light-emitting material used in each light-emitting layer so that it becomes white due to the light emission.

[0115] The light-emitting layer 130 is produced by vapor deposition (including vacuum deposition), inkjet, coating, etc. It can be formed by methods such as labia printing. In addition to the materials mentioned above, quantum dots, etc. Even if it has an inorganic compound or polymer compound (oligomer, dendrimer, polymer, etc.) good.

[0116] ≪Hole Injection Layer≫ The hole injection layer 111 is a hole injection layer that receives holes from one of the pair of electrodes (electrode 101 or electrode 102). It has the function of promoting hole injection by reducing the injection barrier, for example, transition metal oxides, f It is formed by tarocyanine derivatives or aromatic amines, etc. Transition metal oxides and For example, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide Examples include manganese oxides. Phthalocyanine derivatives include phthalocyanine and Examples include metal phthalocyanines. Aromatic amines include benzidine derivatives and phenyl Examples include lendiamine derivatives. Polymer compounds such as polythiophene and polyaniline. It is also possible to use substances, for example, self-doped polythiophenes such as poly(ethylenedi(ethylenedi) Typical examples include oxythiophene / poly(styrene sulfonic acid).

[0117] As the hole injection layer 111, a hole transport material and a material that exhibits electron-accepting properties in relation to it are combined. A layer containing composite material can also be used. Alternatively, a layer containing an electron-accepting material and a positive A lamination of layers containing pore-transporting material may also be used. Between these materials, a steady state or electrical current may be maintained. Charge transfer is possible in the presence of an electron barrier. Examples of materials exhibiting electron-accepting properties include Kinojimeta. Organic acceptors such as chloranil derivatives and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives We can list the following: Specifically, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6- Tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F4-TCNQ), chloranil, 2,3,6,7, 10,11-Hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-Hexazatriphenylene (abbreviated) These are compounds that have electron-withdrawing groups (halogen groups or cyano groups), such as HAT-CN. Furthermore, transition metal oxides, such as oxides of Group 4 to Group 8 metals, can be used. Specifically, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, acid These include tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide. Among these, molybdenum oxide is particularly toxic to the atmosphere. Among them, it is preferable because it is stable, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle.

[0118] As a hole-transporting material, a material with higher hole transport capabilities than electron transport can be used, ×10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has a hole mobility of / Vs or greater. Specifically Aromatic amines and calcine are listed as hole transport materials that can be used in the light-emitting layer 130. Basol derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, stilbene derivatives, etc., can be used. The hole-transporting material may be a polymer compound.

[0119] Other hole-transporting materials include aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 2-tert -butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 2- tert-butyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,10-bis(3, 5-Diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 2-tert-butyl-9 ,10-Bis(4-phenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDBA), 9,1 0-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 9,10-diphenylanthracene Cene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 2-tert-butylanthracene (abbreviation: t-BuAn) th), 9,10-bis(4-methyl-1-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DMNA) , 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthrace n, 9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene, 2,3,6,7- Tetramethyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl Chil-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,9'-biantril, 10,1 0'-Diphenyl-9,9'-biantryl, 10,10'-bis(2-phenylphenyl Ru)-9,9'-Biantril, 10,10'-Bis[(2,3,4,5,6-Pentaf [phenyl]-9,9'-bianthryl, anthracene, tetracene, rubrene, Examples include perylene and 2,5,8,11-tetra(tert-butyl)perylene. In addition, pentacene, coronene, etc. can also be used. -6 cm 2 Aromatic hydrocarbons having a hole mobility of / Vs or greater and having 14 to 42 carbon atoms. It is preferable to use

[0120] Furthermore, aromatic hydrocarbons may have a vinyl skeleton. Examples of group hydrocarbons include 4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (Abbreviation: DPVBi), 9,10-bis[4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl] Examples include anthracene (abbreviated as DPVPA).

[0121] Also, 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl)phenyl] Benzyl dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II), 4,4',4''-(be (Dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II), 1,3,5-tri(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)benzene (abbreviation: DBT3P-II) ), 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl) [phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), 4-[4-(9-phenyl Lu-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation) :DBTFLP-IV), 4-[3-(triphenylene-2-yl)phenyl]dibenzo Thiophene compounds such as thiophene (abbreviation: mDBTPTp-II), furan compounds, and flu Orene compounds, triphenylene compounds, phenanthrene compounds, etc., can be used. Among the compounds mentioned above, pyrrole skeleton, furan skeleton, thiophene skeleton, aromatic amine skeleton Compounds having this structure are stable, reliable, and therefore preferable. The material has high hole transport properties and also contributes to reducing the drive voltage.

[0122] ≪Hole transport layer≫ The hole transport layer 112 is a layer containing a hole transportable material, and is an example of the material used for the hole injection layer 111. The hole transport material shown can be used. The hole transport layer 112 is in the hole injection layer 111. Because it has the function of transporting the injected holes to the light-emitting layer 130, the HOM of the hole injection layer 111 O(Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) It is preferable to have the same or close HOMO level as the occupying orbital level.

[0123] Also, 1 × 10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the substance has a hole mobility of / Vs or higher. However, other materials may be used as long as they have higher hole transport capabilities than electron transport. Furthermore, the layer containing the material with high hole transport properties may be a single layer, or a double layer consisting of the aforementioned material. You may stack more than this amount.

[0124] ≪Electron transport layer≫ The electron transport layer 118 passes through the electron injection layer 119 to the other of the pair of electrodes (electrode 101 or electron It has the function of transporting electrons injected from pole 102) to the light-emitting layer 130. Electron transport material For this purpose, materials with higher electron transport capabilities than holes can be used, resulting in 1 × 10⁻⁶ -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has an electron mobility of / Vs or higher. Examples of materials (materials with electron transport properties) include π-electron-deficient types such as nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds. Hetero-aromatic compounds and metal complexes can be used. Specifically, they can be used in the light-emitting layer 130. Pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, and pyrimidines were listed as electron transport materials that can perform this function. Derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, phena Introlin derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, oxadiazole Examples include derivatives. Also, 1 × 10 -6 cm 2 Objects with electron mobility of / Vs or greater It is preferable that it be of a certain quality. However, any material that has higher electron transport capabilities than holes is acceptable, except as described above. The following materials may be used as the electron transport layer. Also, the electron transport layer 118 may be more than just a single layer. Two or more layers made of the above-mentioned material may be stacked.

[0125] Other examples include metal complexes having heterocyclic rings, such as quinoline ligands and benzoquinoline. Examples include metal complexes having ligands, oxazole ligands, or thiazole ligands. Specifically, for example, tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: A lq), Tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Al mq3), bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviation) :BeBq2), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolate)(4-phenylphenolate) Luminium(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation) Examples include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton, such as Znq. In addition, bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) Abbreviation: ZnPBO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) Metal complexes having oxazole or thiazole ligands (abbreviated as ZnBTZ) Other options can also be used.

[0126] Furthermore, a layer for controlling the movement of electron carriers is provided between the electron transport layer 118 and the light-emitting layer 130. It is also acceptable to use materials with high electron transport properties, as described above, and materials with high electron trapping properties. A layer to which a small amount of is added, thereby suppressing the movement of electron carriers, carrier balance This makes it possible to adjust the balance. With such a configuration, the electron transport properties of the electron transport material are correct. Problems that occur when the hole transport properties of a pore transport material are significantly higher than those of a pore transport material (e.g., low device lifetime) It is highly effective in suppressing (the lower part).

[0127] ≪Electron injection layer≫ The electron injection layer 119 promotes electron injection by reducing the electron injection barrier from the electrode 102. It has the function of being, for example, Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, or their oxides and halides. Carbonates and the like can be used. In addition, the electron transport material shown above and the electron transport material therefor Composite materials exhibiting electron-donating properties can also be used. Examples of electron-donating materials include: Examples include Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, or oxides thereof. Specifically These are lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and cesium fluoride (CsF). ), calcium fluoride (CaF2), lithium oxide (LiO2) x ) and other alkali metals Alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used. Also, fluoride Rare earth metal compounds such as bium (ErF3) can be used. Furthermore, electron injection layers can be used. An electride may be used in 119. For example, calcium Examples include substances obtained by adding a high concentration of electrons to a mixed oxide of aluminum and luminum. The injection layer 119 may be made of a material that can be used in the electron transport layer 118.

[0128] Furthermore, the electron injection layer 119 is a composite made by mixing an organic compound and an electron donor. Materials may be used. Such composite materials are created when electrons are released from the organic compound by an electron donor. Therefore, it exhibits excellent electron injection and electron transport properties. In this case, as an organic compound, It is preferable that the material is excellent in transporting the generated electrons, and specifically, for example, the material described above The material constituting the subtransport layer 118 (such as a metal complex or a heteroaromatic compound) can be used. The electron donor can be any substance that exhibits electron-donating properties towards organic compounds. Specifically Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals are preferred, as are lithium, sodium, Examples include cesium, magnesium, calcium, erbium, and ytterbium. Alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides are preferred, as are lithium oxides and calcium oxides. Examples include magnesium oxides and barium oxides. Also, Lewis salts such as magnesium oxide. The group can also be used. Furthermore, organic compounds such as tetrathiafulvalene (abbreviated as TTF) can also be used. You can also use this.

[0129] Furthermore, the above-mentioned light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and electron injection layer are, These methods include vapor deposition (including vacuum deposition), inkjet printing, coating, and gravure printing. It can be formed by the above-mentioned method. In addition, the light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron In addition to the materials mentioned above, the transport layer and electron injection layer also contain inorganic compounds such as quantum dots and high-molecular-weight materials. Sub-compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) may also be used.

[0130] Quantum dots Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals ranging in size from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, with a size of 1 × 10⁻¹⁶. 3 From 1 x 10 6 It is composed of about 100 atoms. The energy of a quantum dot depends on its size. Because of this shift, even quantum dots composed of the same material will emit different light waves depending on their size. The lengths are different. Therefore, by changing the size of the quantum dots used, light emission can be easily achieved. The wavelength can be changed.

[0131] Furthermore, quantum dots have a narrow peak width in their emission spectrum, resulting in emission with good color purity. It is possible. Furthermore, the theoretical internal quantum efficiency of quantum dots is said to be almost 100%. It accounts for a significant portion of the 25% of organic compounds that exhibit fluorescence, and the proportion of organic compounds that exhibit phosphorescence is much higher than that of organic compounds that exhibit phosphorescence. It is equivalent to a compound. Therefore, by using quantum dots as a light-emitting material... This allows us to obtain light-emitting elements with high luminescence efficiency. Moreover, quantum dots, which are inorganic materials, Furthermore, because of its excellent inherent stability, it is possible to obtain a desirable light-emitting element from the standpoint of lifespan. It is possible.

[0132] The materials that make up quantum dots include Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, Group 16 elements, and composite Compounds consisting of elements from Group 14, and elements belonging to Groups 4 through 14 and Group 16. Compounds, compounds of Group 2 and Group 16 elements, compounds of Group 13 and Group 15 elements Compounds of Group 13 and Group 17 elements, compounds of Group 14 and Group 15 elements, Compounds of Group 11 and Group 17 elements, iron oxides, titanium oxides, chalcogenides Examples include semiconductor clusters and other similar devices.

[0133] Specifically, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and selenium sulfide. Lead, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc telluride, mercury sulfide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, arsenic Indium, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium nitride, nitride Gallium, indium antimonide, gallium antimonide, aluminum phosphide, arsenide Aluminum, aluminum antimonide, lead selenide, lead telluride, lead sulfide, selenide Indium, indium telluride, indium sulfide, gallium selenide, arsenic sulfide, sele Arsenic arsenide, arsenic telluride, antimony sulfide, antimony selenide, antimony telluride, Bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, bismuth telluride, silicon, silicon carbide, germanium M, tin, selenium, tellurium, boron, carbon, phosphorus, boron nitride, boron phosphide, boron arsenide Aluminum nitride, aluminum sulfide, barium sulfide, barium selenide, barium telluride Beryllium, calcium sulfide, calcium selenide, calcium telluride, beryllium sulfide, Beryllium selenide, beryllium telluride, magnesium sulfide, magnesium selenide, Germanium sulfide, germanium selenide, germanium telluride, tin sulfide, tin selenide tin telluride, lead oxide, copper fluoride, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide, copper oxide, copper selenide, acid Nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfide, iron oxide, iron sulfide, manganese oxide, molybdenum sulfide Density, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide Aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, germanium nitride, barium titanate, selenium and ammonium compounds. Compounds of lead and cadmium, compounds of indium, arsenic and phosphorus, cadmium, selenium and sulfur Compounds of cadmium, selenium, and tellurium, compounds of indium, gallium, and arsenic Compounds of indium, gallium, and selenium; compounds of indium, selenium, and sulfur; copper and Examples include compounds of ionium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, but are not limited to these. It is not determined. Also, even if so-called alloy-type quantum dots, whose composition is expressed in any ratio, are used... Good. For example, a quantum dot of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur alloy can change the elemental content ratio. By doing so, the emission wavelength can be changed, making it one of the effective methods for obtaining blue light emission. That is the case.

[0134] Quantum dot structures include core type, core-shell type, and core-multishell type. Either of these can be used, but another inorganic ion with a wider band gap can be used to cover the core. By forming a shell with the material, defects and dangling bones present on the nanocrystalline surface can be eliminated. The effects of the luminescence can be reduced. This greatly improves the quantum efficiency of the luminescence. It is preferable to use A-shell type or core-multi-shell type quantum dots. Examples of materials include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide.

[0135] Furthermore, because quantum dots have a high proportion of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and prone to aggregation. Therefore, a protective agent is attached to the surface of the quantum dot or a protective group is provided. It is preferable that the protective agent is attached or a protective group is provided. This prevents aggregation and increases solubility in the solvent. Furthermore, it reduces reactivity and electrical... It is also possible to improve stability. Examples of protective agents (or protective groups) include polio Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as ethylene oleyl ether, tripropyl phosphate Fins, tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, trioctylphosphine, etc. Trialkylphosphines, polyoxyethylene n-octylphenyl ether, polio Polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers such as xyethylene n-nonylphenyl ether Tel compounds, tri(n-hexyl)amines, tri(n-octyl)amines, tri(n-decyl) ) Tertiary amines such as amines, tripropylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphine Oxide, trihexylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine oxide, tridec Organophosphorus compounds such as sylphosphine oxide, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, Polyethylene glycol diesters such as polyethylene glycol distearate, and Organic nitrogen compounds such as nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds like pyridine, lutidine, colidine, and quinolines. Hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine aminoalkanes such as hexadecylamine and octadecylamine, and dibutyl sulfide Dialkyl sulfides such as dipropyl sulfate, dipropyl sulfate such as dimethyl sulfoxide and dibutyl sulfoxide Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfur-containing aromatic compounds including sulfur sulfoxides and thiophenes, palmite Higher fatty acids such as tinic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, alcohols, and sorbitan fatty acid Polyesters, fatty acid-modified polyesters, tertiary amine-modified polyurethanes, polyethylene Examples include mines, etc.

[0136] Quantum dots have a larger band gap as their size decreases, so they can produce the desired wave. The size is adjusted appropriately to obtain sufficient light. Therefore, the emission of quantum dots shifts towards the blue side, that is, towards the higher energy side. By changing the size of the swatch, the wavelengths of the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectra can be adjusted. The emission wavelength can be adjusted across the region. The size (diameter) of the quantum dot is A range of 0.5 nm to 20 nm, preferably 1 nm to 10 nm, is commonly used. Furthermore, the narrower the size distribution of quantum dots, the narrower the emission spectrum becomes. This allows for emission with good color purity. Furthermore, the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited. It may be spherical, rod-shaped, disc-shaped, or in any other shape. Note that a rod-shaped quantum dot is a quantum Since the rod has the function of exhibiting directional light, quantum rods are used as light-emitting materials. By doing so, it is possible to obtain a light-emitting element with better external quantum efficiency.

[0137] By the way, in organic EL elements, the light-emitting material is often dispersed in the host material, and the light-emitting material By suppressing density quenching, the luminescence efficiency is increased. The host material is superior to the luminescent material. The material must have a doublet or triplet excitation energy level. In particular, when using blue phosphorescent materials as light-emitting materials, a triplet excitation energy greater than that is required. A host material is needed that possesses energy levels and is also superior in terms of lifespan, and its development is extremely difficult. Here, the quantum dots constitute the light-emitting layer using only quantum dots without using a host material. Because it can maintain its luminous efficiency, it is a desirable light-emitting element from the standpoint of lifespan. This can be obtained. When the light-emitting layer is formed using only quantum dots, the quantum dots are the core- A shell structure (including a core-multishell structure) is preferred.

[0138] When quantum dots are used as the light-emitting material for the light-emitting layer, the film thickness of the light-emitting layer is 3 nm to 100 nm. The n-thickness is preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, and the quantum dot content in the light-emitting layer is 1 to 1 The volume percentage is set to 00%. However, it is preferable to form the light-emitting layer using only quantum dots. When forming a light-emitting layer by dispersing the quantum dots as a light-emitting material in a host, the host material Disperse quantum dots in a suitable liquid medium, or dissolve the host material and quantum dots in a suitable liquid medium. Dispersed wet processes (spin coating, casting, die coating, blade coating) Coating method, roll coating method, inkjet method, printing method, spray coating method, curtain coating It can be formed by methods such as the stencil method or the Langmuir-Bludget method. Phosphorescent luminescent material For the light-emitting layer using the above wet process, vacuum deposition is also suitably used. It is possible.

[0139] Examples of liquid media used in wet processes include methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexyl ester. Ketones such as xanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, and halogens such as dichlorobenzene Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, and cyclohexylbenzene. Hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin, and dodecane, dimethylform Organic solvents such as humic acid (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be used. Cut.

[0140] ≪A pair of electrodes≫ Electrodes 101 and 102 function as the anode or cathode of the light-emitting element. 101 and electrode 102 are made of metals, alloys, conductive compounds, and mixtures or laminates thereof. It can be formed using [this method].

[0141] Either electrode 101 or electrode 102 is formed by a conductive material having the function of reflecting light. Preferably, this is done. The conductive material is aluminum (Al) or an Al-containing alloy. Examples include gold. Alloys containing Al include Al and L (where L is titanium (Ti) and neodymium). Includes (one or more of Nd, Ni, and La) Examples include alloys containing Al and Ti, or Al, Ni, and La. Aluminum has low resistance and high light reflectivity. Also, aluminum is found in the Earth's crust. Because it is abundant and inexpensive, using aluminum reduces the cost of manufacturing light-emitting devices. It can reduce the amount of silver (Ag), or Ag and N (N is yttrium). Y), Nd, Magnesium (Mg), Ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, Gallium ( Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), Tin (Sn), iron (Fe), nickel, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir ), or alloys containing one or more gold (Au) may be used. Examples of alloys include alloys containing silver, palladium, and copper, alloys containing silver and copper, and alloys containing silver and magnesium. Alloys containing nesium, alloys containing silver and nickel, alloys containing silver and gold, and alloys containing silver and ytterbium Examples include alloys containing tungsten, chromium (Cr), and molybdenum (Mo). ), transition metals such as copper and titanium can be used.

[0142] Furthermore, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer passes through one or both of electrodes 101 and 102. And it is removed. Therefore, at least one of electrode 101 or electrode 102 is transparent to light. Preferably, it is formed from a conductive material having a conductive function. The conductive material is preferably a conductive material. The light transmittance is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 60% or more and 100% or less, Its resistivity is 1 × 10 -2 Examples include conductive materials with a conductivity of Ω·cm or less.

[0143] Furthermore, electrodes 101 and 102 have the function of transmitting light and the function of reflecting light. It may be formed from a conductive material having a visible light reflectance of 20. The resistivity is between % and 80%, preferably between 40% and 70%, and its resistivity is 1 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Examples of conductive materials include those with a conductivity of Ω·cm or less. For example, conductive metals, alloys, and conductive materials. It can be formed using one or more types of chemical compounds. Specifically, for example, Indium tin oxide (ITO), silicon, or silicon oxide Indium tin oxide (abbreviated as ITSO), indium oxide-zinc oxide (Indi Indium-tin oxide containing titanium (indium zinc oxide), indium Metals such as indium oxide containing titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, and zinc oxide. Oxides can be used. Also, the degree to which light is transmitted (preferably 1 nm to 30 nm) A thin metal film with a thickness of m or less can be used. Examples of metals include Ag, or Alloys such as Ag and Al, Ag and Mg, Ag and Au, and Ag and Yb can be used.

[0144] In this specification, etc., a material having the function of transmitting light is defined as a material having the function of transmitting visible light. Any material that has and is conductive is acceptable, for example, ITO as described above. In addition to oxide conductors, the collection includes oxide semiconductors or organic conductors containing organic materials. Examples of organic conductors include those obtained by mixing an organic compound with an electron donor. Examples include composite materials, such as composite materials formed by mixing organic compounds with electron acceptors. It is possible to use inorganic carbon-based materials such as graphene. Preferably, the ratio is 1 × 10⁻⁶. 5 Ω·cm or less, more preferably 1 × 10⁻⁶ 4 Ω·cm The following applies:

[0145] Furthermore, by stacking multiple of the above materials, one of the electrodes 101 and 102 can be made They may form both.

[0146] Furthermore, in order to improve the light extraction efficiency, the electrode having a light-transmitting function is brought into contact with the A material with a refractive index higher than that of the electrode may be formed. Such a material may transmit visible light. Any material that has the function of being conductive is acceptable, and even if it is a conductive material, it does not have that function. Other options include oxide conductors, oxide semiconductors, and organic materials. Examples of organic materials include the light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, or electric Examples of materials used in the sub-injection layer include inorganic carbon-based materials and metals that are transparent to light. Thin films can also be used, and multiple layers of several nanometers to tens of nanometers in thickness may be stacked.

[0147] When electrode 101 or electrode 102 functions as a cathode, the work function is small. It is preferable that the material has a (3.8 eV or less) energy. For example, it is preferable that it has elements from Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table. Elements belonging to the group (alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, and cesium, calcium, stoichiometric compounds) Alkaline earth metals such as rontium, magnesium, etc., and alloys containing these elements (for example, Rare earth metals such as Ag and Mg, Al and Li, europium (Eu), Yb, and these rare earths Metal alloys, aluminum alloys, silver alloys, etc., can be used.

[0148] Furthermore, when electrode 101 or electrode 102 is used as the anode, the work function is large (4. It is preferable to use a material with a voltage of 0 eV or higher.

[0149] Furthermore, electrodes 101 and 102 are made of a conductive material that has the function of reflecting light and a material that transmits light. It may also be laminated with a conductive material having a function of passing through. In that case, electrode 101 and electrode 1 02 can resonate the light of a desired wavelength from each light-emitting layer, thereby intensifying the light of the desired wavelength. It is preferable because it can have a function to adjust the optical distance.

[0150] The methods for forming the film of electrodes 101 and 102 include sputtering, vapor deposition, printing, and coating. MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy), CVD, Pulse Ray The deposition method, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition), etc., are used as appropriate. It is possible.

[0151] Circuit board Furthermore, a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention is placed on a substrate made of glass, plastic, or the like. It is fine to manufacture it. In terms of the order in which it is manufactured on the substrate, it is fine to stack them in order from the electrode 101 side. You may also stack them sequentially starting from pole 102.

[0152] Examples of substrates on which a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention can be formed include glass and quartz. , or plastic can be used. A flexible substrate may also be used. A substrate is a flexible substrate that can be bent, for example, polycarbonate Examples include plastic substrates made of nate, polyarylate, etc. Also, films, Inorganic vapor-deposited films can also be used. Note: The manufacturing process for light-emitting elements and optical elements. Anything other than these that functions as a support in the context is acceptable. Alternatively, Any device that has the function of protecting optical elements and other optical components is acceptable.

[0153] For example, in the present invention, a light-emitting element can be formed using various substrates. The type of substrate is not particularly limited. One example of such a substrate is a semiconductor substrate (e.g., a single crystal). Substrates (or silicon substrates), SOI substrates, glass substrates, quartz substrates, plastic substrates, metal Substrates, stainless steel substrates, substrates with stainless steel foil, tungsten Substrate, substrate having tungsten foil, flexible substrate, laminated film, fibrous Examples include paper or substrate films containing the material. An example of a glass substrate is barium phosphate. Examples include borosilicate glass, aluminoborsilicate glass, or soda-lime glass. Flexible Examples of substrates, laminated films, and base films include the following: For example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), Representative examples include polyethersulfone (PES) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). There are plastics. Or, for example, there are resins such as acrylic. Or, Examples include polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride. These include, for example, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy, and anomalous. Examples include metallized films or paper products.

[0154] Alternatively, a flexible substrate may be used as the substrate, and the light-emitting element may be formed directly on the flexible substrate. Alternatively, a release layer may be provided between the substrate and the light-emitting element. The release layer is provided on top of the light-emitting element. After partially or completely completing the child component, it is separated from the circuit board and used for transferring it to another circuit board. This allows for the transfer of light-emitting elements to substrates with poor heat resistance or flexible substrates. Oh, the aforementioned delamination layer has, for example, a laminated inorganic film structure of a tungsten film and a silicon oxide film. Configurations such as the one shown, or a configuration in which a resin film such as polyimide is formed on the substrate, can be used.

[0155] In other words, a light-emitting element is formed using one substrate, and then the light-emitting element is transferred to another substrate. The light-emitting element may be placed on a different substrate. An example of a substrate on which the light-emitting element is placed is the above In addition to the substrates mentioned above, there are also cellophane substrates, stone substrates, wood substrates, and cloth substrates (natural fibers (silk, cotton, Hemp), synthetic fibers (nylon, polyurethane, polyester) or regenerated fibers (acetate) (including t, cupro, rayon, recycled polyester, etc.), leather substrate, or rubber substrate. These substrates can be used to create light-emitting elements that are less prone to breakage and have high heat resistance. This can be a child, a lightweight light-emitting element, or a thinned light-emitting element.

[0156] Furthermore, a field-effect transistor (FET), for example, is formed on the aforementioned substrate, and the FET and The light-emitting element 150 may be fabricated on electrically connected electrodes. This allows the FET to This allows us to create an active-matrix type display device that controls the driving of the light-emitting element 150.

[0157] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with other embodiments. Cut.

[0158] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the light-emitting element has a configuration different from that shown in Embodiment 1. The light-emitting mechanism of the said light-emitting element will be explained below using Figures 4(A) to 4(C). This is performed. Note that in Figures 4(A) to 4(C), the symbols have the same function as those shown in Figure 1(A). In areas with the same feature, a similar hatch pattern may be used, and the symbol may be omitted. Sections with the same function are denoted by the same symbols, and detailed explanations may be omitted.

[0159] <Example of light-emitting element configuration 1> Figure 4(A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element 252.

[0160] The light-emitting element 252 shown in Figure 4(A) has a pair of electrodes (electrode 101 and electrode 102) between them. , multiple light-emitting units (in Figure 4(A), light-emitting unit 106 and light-emitting unit 1 10) has at least one light-emitting unit having a configuration similar to that of the EL layer 100. Note that the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 may have the same configuration or different configurations. .

[0161] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element 252 shown in Figure 4(A), the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 and are stacked, and between the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 there is an electric current A raw layer 115 is provided. For example, the light-emitting unit 106 has a configuration similar to that of the EL layer 100. It is preferable to use it.

[0162] Furthermore, the light-emitting element 252 has a light-emitting layer 140 and a light-emitting layer 170. In addition to the light-emitting layer 170, knit 106 also includes a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, and an electron transport layer. It has a layer 113 and an electron injection layer 114. The light-emitting unit 110 also has a light-emitting layer 140 In addition, there is a hole injection layer 116, a hole transport layer 117, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 11 It has 9.

[0163] The charge generation layer 115 is a hole transport material to which an acceptor substance, which is an electron acceptor, is added. Even with such a configuration, the electron transport material is combined with a donor substance that acts as an electron donor. This is also acceptable. Furthermore, both of these configurations may be stacked.

[0164] If the charge generation layer 115 contains a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance, The composite material used is a composite material that can be used in the hole injection layer 111 shown in Embodiment 1. That's all. As for organic compounds, aromatic amine compounds, carbazole compounds, aromatic carbon compounds Various compounds are used, such as hydrogen and polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.). It can exist. Furthermore, as an organic compound, its hole mobility is 1 × 10⁻⁶. -6 cm 2 / Vs It is preferable to apply materials that meet the above criteria. However, materials that have higher hole transport capabilities than electron transport capabilities. If so, other materials may be used. Composite materials of organic compounds and acceptor substances. Because the material has excellent carrier injection and carrier transport properties, it enables low-voltage and low-current operation. This can be achieved. Furthermore, the anode side of the light-emitting unit is in contact with the charge generation layer 115. In this case, the charge generation layer 115 also plays the role of a hole injection layer or hole transport layer of the light-emitting unit. Therefore, the light-emitting unit is configured without a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. That is also acceptable. Alternatively, if the cathode side of the light-emitting unit is in contact with the charge generation layer 115. This means that the charge generation layer 115 also plays the role of an electron injection layer or electron transport layer of the light-emitting unit. Therefore, the light-emitting unit is configured without an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer. That's good too.

[0165] Furthermore, the charge generation layer 115 is a layer containing a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance, and other It may be formed as a laminated structure by combining layers made of the following materials. For example, organic A layer containing a composite material of a compound and an acceptor substance, and one selected from among electron-donating substances. A layer containing the compound and a compound with high electron transport properties may be formed by combining them. A layer containing a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance is combined with a layer containing a transparent conductive film. They may be formed together.

[0166] Furthermore, the charge generation layer 115 sandwiched between the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 108 is electric When a voltage is applied to electrode 101 and electrode 102, electrons are injected into one of the light-emitting units. Any method that injects holes into the other light-emitting unit is acceptable. For example, in Figure 6(A), When a voltage is applied such that the potential of electrode 101 is higher than the potential of electrode 102, The charge generation layer 115 injects electrons into the light-emitting unit 106 and holes into the light-emitting unit 108. Enter.

[0167] Furthermore, the charge generation layer 115 has light transmission to visible light (specifically) from the viewpoint of light extraction efficiency. It is preferable that the charge generation layer 115 has a visible light transmittance of 40% or more. Furthermore, the charge generation layer 115 has lower conductivity than the pair of electrodes (electrode 101 and electrode 102). It still works.

[0168] By forming the charge generation layer 115 using the materials described above, the light-emitting layer is stacked in the field This can suppress the rise in drive voltage during operation.

[0169] Furthermore, Figure 4(A) illustrates a light-emitting element having two light-emitting units. However, the same principle can also be applied to light-emitting devices that have three or more light-emitting units stacked on top of each other. As shown in the light-emitting element 252, multiple light-emitting units are placed between a pair of electrodes in a charge generation layer. By partitioning and arranging the elements, high-brightness light emission is possible while maintaining a low current density, and further This enables the creation of light-emitting elements with a long lifespan. Furthermore, it enables the creation of light-emitting elements with low power consumption. .

[0170] Furthermore, of the multiple units, at least one unit has the configuration shown in Embodiment 1. By applying this technology, we can provide light-emitting elements with high luminous efficiency and high reliability. It is possible.

[0171] Furthermore, it is preferable that the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting unit 110 contains a phosphorescent compound. That is, The light-emitting layer 140 of the light-emitting unit 110 contains a phosphorescent compound, and the light-emitting unit 106 The light-emitting layer 170 has preferably the same configuration as the light-emitting layer 130 shown in Embodiment 1. The following describes an example of the configuration of the light-emitting element 252 in this case.

[0172] The light-emitting layer 140 of the light-emitting unit 110 is made of host material 1, as shown in Figure 4(B). It comprises 41 and a guest material 142. Furthermore, the host material 141 is an organic compound 141_ It comprises 1 and organic compound 141_2. Note that the guest material 14 of the light-emitting layer 140 Compound 2 is a phosphorescent compound, which will be explained below.

[0173] ≪Light-emitting mechanism of light-emitting layer 140≫ Next, the light-emitting mechanism and material composition of the light-emitting layer 140 will be explained below.

[0174] The organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 in the light-emitting layer 140 form an excited complex. It is preferable to form [this].

[0175] The combination of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 forms excited complexes with each other. Any combination that is possible is acceptable, but one of the compounds must be a hole-transporting compound. It is more preferable that the other compound is an electron-transporting compound.

[0176] Organic compound 141_1, organic compound 141_2, and guest material in the light-emitting layer 140 The correlation of energy levels with 142 is shown in Figure 4(C). Note that the notation in Figure 4(C) and The symbols are as follows: ·Host(141_1): Organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·Host(141_2): Organic compound 141_2 (host material) • Guest (142): Guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound) ·S PH1: S1 level of organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·T PH1 :T1 level of organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·S PH2 : S1 level of organic compound 141_2 (host material) ·T PH2 :T1 level of organic compound 141_2 (host material) ·T PG : T1 level of guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound) ·S PE : S1 level of the excited complex ·T PE : T1 level of the excited complex

[0177] Organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 receive holes and electrons, one receives a hole and the other receives an electron. By removing it, an excited complex is rapidly formed (see Root E1 in Figure 4(C)). Alternatively, When one atom enters an excited state, it quickly interacts with the other to form an excited complex. Excitation energy levels of the complex (S PE or T PE ) is the host material that forms the excitation complex ( S1 level of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 (S PH1 and S PH2 ) Because it becomes lower, the excited state of the host material 141 is formed at a lower excitation energy. This makes it possible to lower the driving voltage of the light-emitting element.

[0178] And the excited complex (S PE ) and (T PE The energy of both ) is used by guest material 142 Luminescence is obtained by shifting to the T1 level of (phosphorescent compound) (Figure 4(C) Route E2, E See 3).

[0179] Note that the T1 level of the excited complex (T PE ) is the T1 level of guest material 142 (T PG)twist The large size and each organic compound that forms the excited complex (organic compound 141_1 and organic compound T1 level of object 141_2) (T PH1 and T PH2 It is preferable that it be equal to or smaller than ) i. By doing so, the singlet excitation energy and triplet excitation energy of the generated excited complex - to the S1 level (S PE ) and T1 level (T PE ) Guest material 142 T 1 level (T PG Energy can be efficiently transferred to ).

[0180] Furthermore, organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 efficiently form an excited complex. For this to happen, the HOMO level of one of the organic compounds 141_1 and 141_2 must be the other It is desirable that one LUMO level is higher than the other HOMO level, and that one LUMO level is higher than the other LUMO level. It seems so.

[0181] Furthermore, the combination of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 exhibits hole transport properties. In the case of a combination of a compound that possesses electron transport properties and a compound that has electron transport properties, the mixing ratio of the two compounds... This makes it possible to easily control the carrier balance. Specifically, it has hole transport properties. Compounds: Compounds with electron transport properties = preferably in the range of 1:9 to 9:1 (by weight). Furthermore, having this configuration makes it easy to control the career balance. Furthermore, the carrier recombination region can be easily controlled.

[0182] Furthermore, the processes of routes E1 to E3 shown above are referred to as ExTET(Ex in this specification, etc.). It is sometimes referred to as ciplex-triplet energy transfer. In other words, the light-emitting layer 140 provides the excitation energy from the excited complex to the guest material 142. There is a provision. Note that in this case, it is not necessarily T PE From S PE The reverse interterm crossing efficiency needs to be high. No, S PE Since a high emission quantum yield is not required, a wide range of materials can be selected. It becomes possible.

[0183] By using ExTET, it is possible to obtain light-emitting elements with high luminescence efficiency and reliability. .

[0184] Furthermore, the light-emitting layer 170 has the same configuration as the light-emitting layer 130 shown in Embodiment 1, and the same configuration as the light-emitting layer 140. It can have a configuration.

[0185] In addition, in each of the above configurations, the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 use The light-emitting colors exhibited by the material may be the same or different. The guest has the function of emitting light of the same color from both the 106 and the light-emitting unit 110. When the material is present, the light-emitting element 252 becomes a light-emitting element that exhibits high luminous brightness with a low current value. It is preferable. Also, the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 emit different colors from each other. When a guest material having the function of emitting light is present, the light-emitting element 252 exhibits multicolor emission. It is preferable to have an optical element. In this case, either the light-emitting layer 140 or the light-emitting layer 170 By using multiple light-emitting materials with different emission wavelengths in both cases, the light-emitting element 252 exhibits The resulting emission spectrum is a composite of light with different emission peaks, therefore, Both result in emission spectra with two maximal values.

[0186] The above configuration is also suitable for obtaining white light emission. Light-emitting layer 140 and light-emitting layer 170, By making the light sources complementary in color, white light emission can be obtained. In particular, color rendering Guess the result of high white light emission, or light emission having at least red, green, and blue light. It is preferable to select a material.

[0187] Furthermore, at least one of the light-emitting layer 140 or the light-emitting layer 170 is further divided into layers, Each divided layer may contain a different light-emitting material. That is, light-emitting layer 14 0, or at least one of the light-emitting layers 170 may be composed of two or more layers. For example, a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer are stacked in order from the hole transport layer side to form a light-emitting layer. In this case, a material having hole transport properties is used as the host material for the first light-emitting layer, and the second light-emitting layer One configuration involves using an electron-transporting material as the host material. In this case, the first The light-emitting material of the light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer may be the same material or different materials. Even if materials have the function of emitting light of the same color, they may have the function of emitting light of different colors. It may also be a material having the function of exhibiting light emission of different colors from each other. This configuration allows for the production of highly color-rendering white light consisting of three primary colors or four or more emission colors. It is also possible.

[0188] Furthermore, this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments.

[0189] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, the light-emitting device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is used This will be explained using Figures 5(A) and 5(B).

[0190] Figure 5(A) is a top view showing the light-emitting device, and Figure 5(B) is Figure 5(A) cut along A, B, and C. This is a cross-sectional view. This light-emitting device controls the light emission of the light-emitting element and is indicated by the dotted line. The drive circuit section (source-side drive circuit) 601, the pixel section 602, the drive circuit section (gate-side drive circuit) It includes the dynamic circuit 603. Also, 604 is the sealing substrate, 625 is the desiccant, and 605 is the sealant. It is made of a material, and the inside, surrounded by the sealing material 605, is a space 607.

[0191] The routing wiring 608 is input to the source-side drive circuit 601 and the gate-side drive circuit 603. FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) is a wiring system for transmitting signals and serves as an external input terminal. (Input circuit) 609 receives video signals, clock signals, start signals, reset signals, etc. Receive. Note that only the FPC is shown in the diagram here, but this FPC has a print distribution Even if a Printed Wiring Board (PWB) is attached Good. The light-emitting device in this specification includes not only the light-emitting device body but also an FPC or This includes the state in which the PWB is installed.

[0192] Next, the cross-sectional structure of the above-mentioned light-emitting device will be explained using Figure 5(B). On the element substrate 610 A drive circuit section and a pixel section are formed here, but here, the source-side drive is the drive circuit section. The circuit 601 and one pixel in the pixel section 602 are shown.

[0193] The source-side drive circuit 601 uses an n-channel TFT623 and a p-channel TFT624. A CMOS circuit is formed by combining these. In addition, the drive circuit can be various CMOS circuits, P It may be formed using MOS circuits or NMOS circuits. Also, in this embodiment, the drive circuit is placed on the board. The image shows a driver integrated into the circuit board, but this is not always necessary, and the drive circuit can be located on the board. Furthermore, it can also be formed externally.

[0194] Furthermore, the pixel section 602 consists of a switching TFT 611 and a current control TFT 612 and its drain It is formed by a pixel including a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the input. An insulator 614 is formed to cover the end of the electrode 613. The insulator 614 is positive It can be formed by using a photosensitive resin film of a mold.

[0195] Furthermore, in order to improve the coverage of the film formed on the insulator 614, the insulator 614 A surface having curvature is formed at the upper or lower end. For example, the insulating material 614 When using photosensitive acrylic as the material, the curved surface is made only at the upper end of the insulator 614. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. For the border material 614, either negative or positive type photosensitive material can be used.

[0196] An EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed on the first electrode 613, respectively. Here, the material used for the first electrode 613 which functions as an anode is a material with a large work function. It is desirable to use a small material. For example, an ITO film or silicon-containing indigo film. Indium oxide film containing 2 wt% to 20 wt% zinc oxide, zinc nitride film In addition to single-layer films such as tungsten, chromium, zinc, and Pt films, titanium nitride and Lamination with a film mainly composed of luminium, titanium nitride film and film mainly composed of aluminum A three-layer structure with a titanium nitride film can be used. Furthermore, if a laminated structure is used, the wiring will be... It has low resistance, provides good ohmic contact, and can also function as an anode. It is possible.

[0197] Furthermore, the EL layer 616 was coated using a vapor deposition method with a vapor deposition mask, an inkjet method, and a spin coating method. It is formed by various methods such as the above. The material constituting the EL layer 616 is a low molecular weight compound It may be a substance or a polymer compound (including oligomers and dendrimers).

[0198] Furthermore, the material used for the second electrode 617, which is formed on the EL layer 616 and functions as a cathode. Examples include materials with a low work function (Al, Mg, Li, Ca, or alloys and compounds thereof) It is preferable to use materials such as MgAg, MgIn, AlLi, etc. If the generated light passes through the second electrode 617, the film thickness of the second electrode 617 is thinned. A thin metal film and a transparent conductive film (ITO, containing 2 wt% to 20 wt% zinc oxide) The product of indium oxide, silicon-containing indium tin oxide, zinc oxide (ZnO), etc. Using layers is a good approach.

[0199] Furthermore, the first electrode 613, the EL layer 616, and the second electrode 617 form the light-emitting element 618. It is done. The light-emitting element 618 is a light-emitting element having the configuration of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. It is preferable that this is the case. Note that the pixel portion is made up of multiple light-emitting elements, but in this embodiment In the embodiment, the light-emitting device has the configuration described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. The device may include both an element and a light-emitting element having other components.

[0200] Furthermore, by bonding the sealing substrate 604 to the element substrate 610 with the sealing material 605, A light-emitting element 6 is located in the space 607 surrounded by the sub-substrate 610, the sealing substrate 604, and the sealing material 605. The structure is equipped with 18. Furthermore, the space 607 is filled with a filler material. In addition to cases where an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) is used for filling, resin or desiccant or both thereof may be used. In some cases, it may be filled in this way.

[0201] Furthermore, it is preferable to use epoxy resin or glass frit for the sealing material 605. These materials should ideally be as impermeable to moisture and oxygen as possible. In addition to glass substrates and quartz substrates, other materials can be used for the encapsulating substrate 604, such as FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic). reinforced plastics, PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), polyester A plastic substrate made of tel or acrylic can be used.

[0202] As described above, a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. You can obtain this.

[0203] <Example of Light-Emitting Device Configuration 2> Figure 6 shows an example of a display device, in which a light-emitting element that emits white light is formed, and a colored layer (colorf An example of a light-emitting device with a filter is shown.

[0204] Figure 6(A) shows the substrate 1001, the underlayer insulating film 1002, the gate insulating film 1003, and the gate electrode. 1006, 1007, 1008, first interlayer insulating film 1020, second interlayer insulating film 1021 , peripheral portion 1042, pixel portion 1040, drive circuit portion 1041, first electrode 102 of the light-emitting element 4W, 1024R, 1024G, 1024B, partition 1026, EL layer 1028, light-emitting element The second electrode 1029, the sealing substrate 1031, the sealing material 1032, etc., are shown in the diagram.

[0205] Furthermore, Figures 6(A) and 6(B) show the colored layers (red colored layer 1034R, green colored layer 10 34G, a blue colored layer (1034B) is provided on a transparent substrate 1033. Also, a black layer ( A black matrix (1035) may be further provided. A colored layer and a black layer are provided. The transparent substrate 1033 is aligned and fixed to the substrate 1001. Note that the colored layer and black The color layer is covered with an overcoat layer 1036. Also, in Figure 5(A), light A light-emitting layer that emits light to the outside without passing through the colored layer, and a light-emitting layer that emits light to the outside by passing through the colored layer of each color. There are layers, and light that does not pass through the colored layer is white, while light that passes through the colored layer is red, blue, and green. Furthermore, images can be represented using four-color pixels.

[0206] Figure 6(B) shows the red colored layer 1034R, the green colored layer 1034G, and the blue colored layer 103 An example is shown in which 4B is formed between the gate insulating film 1003 and the first interlayer insulating film 1020. As shown in Figure 6(B), the colored layer may be provided between the substrate 1001 and the sealing substrate 1031. stomach.

[0207] Furthermore, in the light-emitting device described above, light is taken to the substrate 1001 on which the TFT is formed. Although a light-emitting device with a bottom-emission structure was used, the light emission was taken from the sealing substrate 1031 side. It can also be used as a light-emitting device with a projection structure (top emission type).

[0208] <Example of Light-Emitting Device Configuration 3> Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a top-emission type light-emitting device. In this case, the substrate 1001 emits light. A non-transparent substrate can be used. A connecting electrode is made to connect the TFT and the anode of the light-emitting element. Until manufacturing, it is formed in the same way as a bottom-emission type light-emitting device. After that, the third interlayer An insulating film 1037 is formed covering the electrode 1022. This insulating film plays a role in planarization. It is also acceptable. The third interlayer insulating film 1037 is made of the same material as the second interlayer insulating film 1021, as well as other materials. It can be formed using a variety of materials.

[0209] The lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, 1025G, and 1025B of the light-emitting element are the anodes here. However, it can also be a cathode. Also, a top-emission type light-emitting device as shown in Figure 7. In that case, the lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, 1025G, and 1025B are reflective electrodes. It is preferable that the second electrode 1029 has the function of reflecting light and the function of transmitting light. It is preferable to have a second electrode 1029 and lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, A microcavity structure is applied between 1025G and 1025B to amplify light of a specific wavelength. It is preferable that it has the function of having the following. The configuration of the EL layer 1028 is as described in Embodiment 2. The device structure is designed to produce white light emission.

[0210] In Figures 6(A), 6(B), and 7, the configuration of the EL layer that produces white light emission is as follows: This can be achieved by using multiple light-emitting layers or multiple light-emitting units. Furthermore, the configurations for obtaining white light emission are not limited to these.

[0211] In the top emission structure shown in Figure 7, the colored layer (red colored layer 1034R, green colored layer) The sealing is performed using a sealing substrate 1031 having layer 1034G and a blue colored layer 1034B. Yes, it is possible. The encapsulating substrate 1031 has a black layer (black matrix) positioned between the pixels. A colored layer (red colored layer 1034R, green colored layer 1) may be provided. 034G, the blue colored layer (1034B), and the black layer (black matrix) 1035 are It may be covered with a bar coat layer. The sealing substrate 1031 is a translucent substrate. Use this.

[0212] Furthermore, while we have shown an example of full-color display using four colors—red, green, blue, and white—this is not particularly limited. Alternatively, full-color display may be performed using three colors: red, green, and blue. Alternatively, four colors may be used: red, green, blue, and yellow. Full-color display is permitted.

[0213] As described above, a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiments 3 and 4 You can obtain this.

[0214] Furthermore, this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments.

[0215] (Embodiment 4) This embodiment describes a display device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. Let's explain a more specific example. The display device described below uses a reflective liquid crystal element and A display having both light-emitting and light-emitting elements, capable of displaying in both transmission and reflection modes. This is a device. When the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is applied to the light-emitting element, preferable.

[0216] [Example of display device configuration 1] Figure 8(A) is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the display device 400. Display device 400 The display unit 362 has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a matrix. 00 has circuit GD and circuit SD. Also has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in direction R, and Multiple wires G1, multiple wires G2, multiple wires ANO, and are electrically connected to circuit GD. It has multiple wiring CSCOMs. It also has multiple pixels 410 arranged in direction C, and circuit SD. It has multiple wirings S1 and multiple wirings S2 that are electrically connected to it.

[0217] Pixel 410 has a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element. In pixel 410, the liquid crystal element The child and the light-emitting element have overlapping portions.

[0218] Figure 8(B1) shows an example of the configuration of the electrode 311b of the pixel 410. The electrode 311b is It functions as a reflective electrode for the liquid crystal element in pixel 410. Also, electrode 311b has aperture 4 51 is provided.

[0219] In Figure 8(B1), the light-emitting element 360 located in the region overlapping with electrode 311b is shown by a dashed line. The light-emitting element 360 is positioned to overlap with the aperture 451 of the electrode 311b. As a result, the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360 is projected towards the display surface through the aperture 451.

[0220] In Figure 8(B1), pixels 410 adjacent to a pixel in direction R correspond to pixels of different colors. In this case, as shown in Figure 8(B1), in two pixels adjacent to each other in direction R, aperture 451 It is preferable that the electrodes 311b are located at different positions so that they are not arranged in a single line. This makes it possible to separate the two light-emitting elements 360, and the light emitted by the light-emitting elements 360 The phenomenon where light from an adjacent pixel 410 enters the colored layer of that pixel (also called crosstalk) It can be suppressed. Also, two adjacent light-emitting elements 360 can be placed far apart. Therefore, even when differentiating the EL layer of the light-emitting element 360 using a shadow mask, etc. This enables the creation of high-resolution display devices.

[0221] Alternatively, the arrangement shown in Figure 8(B2) may also be used.

[0222] If the ratio of the total area of ​​the aperture 451 to the total area of ​​the non-apertures is too large, the liquid crystal elements will not be used. The display becomes dim. Also, the ratio of the total area of ​​the opening 451 to the total area of ​​the non-openings. If the value is too small, the display using the light-emitting element 360 will become dim.

[0223] Furthermore, if the area of ​​the opening 451 provided in the electrode 311b, which functions as a reflective electrode, is too small This reduces the efficiency of the light that can be extracted from the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360.

[0224] The shape of the opening 451 may be, for example, a polygon, a square, an ellipse, a circle, or a cross. It is possible to have long, narrow stripes, slits, or checkerboard patterns. The aperture 451 may be positioned close to adjacent pixels. Preferably, the aperture 451 is the same color. Position the pixels close to the other pixels being displayed. This helps suppress crosstalk.

[0225] [Circuit Configuration Example] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram showing an example configuration of pixel 410. In Figure 9, two adjacent pixels 41 It indicates 0.

[0226] Pixel 410 consists of switch SW1, capacitive element C1, liquid crystal element 340, switch SW2, and It has a transistor M, a capacitive element C2, and a light-emitting element 360, etc. Furthermore, the pixel 410 has Wiring G1, G2, ANO, CSCOM, S1, and S2 are electrically connected. They are connected. Also, in Figure 12, the wiring VCOM1 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340. The diagram also shows the wiring VCOM2 that electrically connects to the light-emitting element 360.

[0227] Figure 9 shows an example where transistors are used for switches SW1 and SW2. They are doing it.

[0228] Switch SW1 has its gate connected to wiring G1, and either its source or drain connected to wiring S Connected to 1, with the other being either the source or drain, one electrode of the capacitive element C1 and the liquid crystal element 3 One electrode of 40 is connected. The capacitive element C1 has the other electrode connected to the wiring CSCOM. The liquid crystal element 340 has its other electrode connected to the wiring VCOM1.

[0229] Switch SW2 has its gate connected to wiring G2, and either the source or drain is connected to wiring Connected to line S2, the other of the source or drain is one electrode of the capacitive element C2, transient It is connected to the gate of transistor M. Capacitive element C2 has its other electrode connected to the sole of transistor M. Transistor M is connected to either the source or the drain, and to wiring ANO. Transistor M is connected to the source or the drain. The other end of the drain is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The light-emitting element 360 is The other electrode is connected to the wiring VCOM2.

[0230] In Figure 10(A), transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor, and these are connected. This shows an example where the current that transistor M can supply is increased. It can be made to happen.

[0231] Wiring G1 is used to provide a signal that controls switch SW1 to either a conductive or non-conductive state. This is possible. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A liquid can be applied to the wiring S1. A signal can be provided to control the orientation state of the liquid crystal in the crystal element 340. (Wiring CSC) A predetermined potential can be applied to the OM.

[0232] Wiring G2 is used to provide a signal that controls switch SW2 to either a conductive or non-conductive state. This is possible. A potential difference is generated between wiring VCOM2 and wiring ANO, causing the light-emitting element 360 to emit light. The potentials can be applied to each. Wiring S2 controls the conduction state of transistor M. It can provide signals to control the situation.

[0233] Pixel 410 shown in Figure 10, for example, when displaying in reflection mode, wiring G1 and wiring It is driven by a signal applied to line S1 and displays using optical modulation by the liquid crystal element 340. This is possible. Also, when displaying in transparent mode, the signal to wiring G2 and wiring S2 It is driven by a motor, and the light-emitting element 360 can be illuminated to display information. Also, both modes When driven by this, the signals given to each of the wires G1, G2, S1 and S2 It can be driven by a number.

[0234] In Figure 9, one pixel 410 contains one liquid crystal element 340 and one light-emitting element 360. An example with one pixel 410 is shown, but it is not limited to this. Figure 10(A) shows one Liquid crystal element 340 and four light-emitting elements 360 (light-emitting elements 360r, 360g, 360b, 36 This shows an example having 0w). Pixel 410 shown in Figure 10(A) is different from Figure 9, 1 This is a pixel capable of displaying full color using only one pixel.

[0235] In Figure 10(A), in addition to the example in Figure 9, wiring G3 and wiring S3 are connected to pixel 410. Yes, they are.

[0236] In the example shown in Figure 10(A), for example, four light-emitting elements 360 are colored red (R) and green, respectively. Light-emitting elements exhibiting color (G), blue (B), and white (W) can be used. As the crystal element 340, a reflective liquid crystal element that exhibits white color can be used. Furthermore, when displaying in reflective mode, a highly reflective white display can be used. When displaying in transmissive mode, high color rendering can be achieved with low power consumption.

[0237] Figure 10(B) also shows an example of the configuration of pixel 410. Pixel 410 is connected to electrode 31 A light-emitting element 360w overlapping with the opening of 1, and light-emitting elements arranged around the electrode 311. It has 360r, light-emitting element 360g, and light-emitting element 360b. Light-emitting element 360r, It is preferable that the light-emitting element 360g and the light-emitting element 360b have approximately the same light-emitting area.

[0238] [Example of display device configuration 4] Figure 11 is a schematic perspective view of a display device 300 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The display device 300 is The substrate 351 and substrate 361 are bonded together. In Figure 11, substrate 361 is broken. It is clearly indicated by a line.

[0239] The display device 300 includes a display unit 362, a circuit unit 364, wiring 365, a circuit unit 366, and wiring 3 It has 67 etc. The substrate 351 has, for example, a circuit section 364, wiring 365, circuit section 366, wiring Lines 367 and electrodes 311b, which function as pixel electrodes, are provided. Also, in Figure 11, the substrate An example where IC373, FPC372, IC375, and FPC374 are implemented on 351. This indicates that the configuration shown in Figure 11 consists of the display device 300, IC373, and FPC3 It can also be described as a display module having IC375 and FPC374.

[0240] The circuit section 364 can be, for example, a circuit that functions as a scan line driving circuit.

[0241] Wiring 365 has the function of supplying signals and power to the display unit and circuit unit 364. Power is input to wiring 365 from an external source via FPC372 or from IC373.

[0242] Furthermore, in Figure 11, the substrate 351 is formed using the COG (Chip On Glass) method, etc. This shows an example where IC373 is provided. IC373 is, for example, in the scan line drive circuit. Alternatively, an IC that functions as a signal line driving circuit can be applied. When it includes a circuit that functions as a scan line drive circuit and a signal line drive circuit, or when the scan line drive circuit External circuits are provided to function as roads and signal line drive circuits, and the display device 3 is connected via the FPC372. In cases where a signal is input to drive 00, for example, a configuration without IC373 can be used. Good. Also, IC373 can be made into an FPC using COF (Chip On Film) or similar methods. It can also be implemented in version 372.

[0243] Figure 12 shows a magnified view of a part of the display unit 362. The display unit 362 has multiple tables The electrodes 311b of the display element are arranged in a matrix. The electrodes 311b are visible light It has the function of reflecting light and functions as a reflective electrode for the liquid crystal element 340, which will be described later.

[0244] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 12, electrode 311b has an opening. The substrate 351 side has a light-emitting element 360. Light from the light-emitting element 360 is directed to the electrode 311b. It is injected towards the substrate 361 through the opening.

[0245] Figure 12 shows a portion of the region including the FPC 372, and the circuit section 36 of the display device illustrated in Figure 11. A portion of the area including 4, a portion of the area including the display unit 362, a portion of the area including the circuit unit 366, Examples of cross-sections obtained by cutting a portion of the region containing FPC374 are shown.

[0246] The display device shown in Figure 12 has a configuration in which a display panel 700 and a display panel 800 are stacked on top of each other. The display panel 700 has a resin layer 701 and a resin layer 702. Display panel 80 0 has resin layer 201 and resin layer 202. Resin layer 702 and resin layer 201 are adhesive layers. It is bonded by 50. The resin layer 701 is also bonded to the substrate 351 by the adhesive layer 51. Furthermore, the resin layer 202 is bonded to the substrate 361 by the adhesive layer 52.

[0247] [Display Panel 700] The display panel 700 consists of a resin layer 701, an insulating layer 478, multiple transistors, and capacitive elements 4. 05, insulating layer 411, insulating layer 412, insulating layer 413, insulating layer 414, insulating layer 415, light emission Element 360, spacer 416, adhesive layer 417, colored layer 425, light-shielding layer 426, insulating layer 47 It has 6 and a resin layer 702.

[0248] The circuit section 364 has a transistor 401. The display section 362 has a transistor 402 and It has transistor 403.

[0249] Each transistor has a gate, an insulating layer 411, a semiconductor layer, a source, and a drain. The gate and semiconductor layer overlap via an insulating layer 411. A portion of the insulating layer 411 is gate insulating It functions as a marginal layer, while the other part functions as a dielectric for the capacitive element 405. The conductive layer that functions as the source or drain of transistor 402 is part of the capacitive element 405. It also serves as one of the electrodes.

[0250] Figure 12 shows a bottom-gate transistor. Circuit section 364 and display section 362 The transistor structure may be different. The circuit section 364 and the display section 362 are Each may have multiple types of transistors.

[0251] The capacitive element 405 has a pair of electrodes and a dielectric between them. A conductive layer formed using the same material and process as the gate of the transistor, and the transistor It has a conductive layer formed from the same material and process as the source and drain.

[0252] The insulating layer 412, insulating layer 413, and insulating layer 414 each cover the transistor, etc. The number of insulating layers covering transistors, etc., is not particularly limited. The insulating layer 414 is It functions as a planarizing layer. Of the insulating layer 412, insulating layer 413, and insulating layer 414 It is preferable to use a material that does not easily allow impurities such as water or hydrogen to diffuse in at least one layer. It is possible to effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor. This can improve the reliability of the display device.

[0253] When an organic material is used as the insulating layer 414, the insulating layer 414 exposed at the end of the display device There is a risk that moisture and other impurities may enter the light-emitting element 360, etc., from outside the display device. If the light-emitting element 360 deteriorates due to the intrusion of pure substances, it will lead to deterioration of the display device. As shown in Figure 12, it is preferable that the insulating layer 414 is not located at the edge of the display device. In the configuration shown in Figure 12, the insulating layer made of organic material is not located at the edge of the display device, therefore the light-emitting element This prevents impurities from entering the 360mm socket.

[0254] The light-emitting element 360 has an electrode 421, an EL layer 422, and an electrode 423. 60 may have an optical adjustment layer 424. The light-emitting element 360 has light on the colored layer 425 side. It is a top-emission structure that ejects [the material].

[0255] Transistors, capacitive elements, and wiring are arranged in overlap with the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 360. This allows for an increase in the aperture ratio of the display unit 362.

[0256] Of electrodes 421 and 423, one functions as the anode and the other as the cathode. It is possible. A voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light-emitting element 360 is applied between electrodes 421 and 423. When added, holes are injected into the EL layer 422 from the anode side, and electrons are injected from the cathode side. The incoming electrons and holes recombine in the EL layer 422, and the luminescent material contained in the EL layer 422 It emits light.

[0257] Electrode 421 is electrically connected to the source or drain of transistor 403. These may be connected directly or connected via other conductive layers. Electrode 421 is They function as pixel electrodes and are provided for each light-emitting element 360. Two adjacent electrodes 42 1 is electrically insulated by the insulating layer 415.

[0258] Electrode 423 functions as a common electrode and is provided across multiple light-emitting elements 360. A constant potential is supplied to electrode 423.

[0259] The light-emitting element 360 overlaps with the colored layer 425 via the adhesive layer 417. The spacer 416 is The light-shielding layer 426 overlaps with the adhesive layer 417. In Figure 12, the electrode 423 and the light-shielding layer 426 This shows a case where there is a gap between them, but they may also be in contact. In Figure 12, the space Although the configuration shown involves providing the 416 on the substrate 351 side, the substrate 361 side (for example, the light-shielding layer 426) It may also be provided on the substrate 361 side.

[0260] The color filter (coloring layer 425) and the microcavity structure (optical adjustment layer 424) Through this combination, the display device can extract light with high color purity. Optical adjustment The film thickness of layer 424 is varied according to the color of each pixel.

[0261] The colored layer 425 is a colored layer that transmits light in a specific wavelength range. For example, red, green, blue. Alternatively, a color filter that transmits light in the yellow wavelength range can be used.

[0262] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the color filter method, but also includes the color separation method and the color conversion method. Alternatively, a quantum dot method or the like may be applied.

[0263] The light-shielding layer 426 is provided between the adjacent colored layers 425. This blocks light from the light-emitting element 360 and suppresses color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements 360. Here, by providing the edge of the colored layer 425 to overlap with the light-shielding layer 426, light leakage is prevented. This can be suppressed. The light-shielding layer 426 is a material that blocks the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360. Materials can be used. Note that the light-shielding layer 426 is applied to the circuit section 364 and other parts other than the display section 362. It is preferable to place it in this region because it can suppress unintended light leakage caused by guided light, etc.

[0264] An insulating layer 478 is formed on one surface of the resin layer 701. Also, the resin layer 702 An insulating layer 476 is formed on one of the surfaces. Moisture-resistant properties are provided for the insulating layer 476 and the insulating layer 478. It is preferable to use a film with high moisture resistance. A light-emitting element 360 and By arranging transistors and other components, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of impurities such as water into these elements. This is preferable because it increases the reliability of the display device.

[0265] Examples of highly moisture-resistant insulating films include silicon nitride films and silicon nitride oxide films, which contain nitrogen and silicon. Examples include films containing nitrogen and aluminum, such as aluminum nitride films. Alternatively, silicon oxide films, silicon oxide-nitride films, aluminum oxide films, etc., may be used.

[0266] For example, the water vapor transmission rate of a highly moisture-resistant insulating film is 1 × 10⁻⁶ -5 [g / (m 2 ·day) ] Preferably 1 × 10 -6 [g / (m 2 ·day)] Below, more preferably 1×1 0 -7 [g / (m 2 (day) More preferably 1 x 10 -8 [g / (m 2 ·d (ay) and below.

[0267] The connection part 406 has wiring 365. The wiring 365 is the source and drain of the transistor. It can be formed using the same material and process as the input. The connecting part 406 is the circuit part 3 64 is electrically connected to an external input terminal that transmits external signals and potentials. This shows an example where FPC372 is provided as an input terminal. FPC3 72 and the connector 406 are electrically connected.

[0268] The connecting layer 419 can be any anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film) and Anisotropic Conductive Paste (ACP: Anisotr You can use opic conductive paste, etc.

[0269] The above is a description of the display panel 700.

[0270] [Display Panel 800] The display panel 800 is a reflective liquid crystal display device to which a vertical electric field method is applied.

[0271] The display panel 800 consists of a resin layer 201, an insulating layer 578, multiple transistors, and capacitive elements 5. 05, Wiring 367, Insulating layer 511, Insulating layer 512, Insulating layer 513, Insulating layer 514, Liquid crystal element Substrate 529, alignment film 564a, alignment film 564b, adhesive layer 517, insulating layer 576, and resin layer It has 202.

[0272] The resin layer 201 and the resin layer 202 are bonded together by the adhesive layer 517. The liquid crystal 563 is sealed in the region surrounded by 201, the resin layer 202, and the adhesive layer 517. A polarizing plate 599 is located on the outer surface of the substrate 361.

[0273] The liquid crystal element 529 has an electrode 311b, an electrode 562, and liquid crystal 563. Electrode 311 b functions as a pixel electrode. Electrode 562 functions as a common electrode. Electrode 311b and the electrode The orientation of the liquid crystal 563 can be controlled by the electric field generated between it and the pole 562. An alignment film 564a is provided between 63 and electrode 311b. Liquid crystal 563 and electrode 562 An alignment film 564b is provided between them.

[0274] The resin layer 202 is provided with an insulating layer 576, an electrode 562, and an alignment film 564b, etc. ru.

[0275] The resin layer 201 contains an electrode 311b, an alignment film 564a, a transistor 501, and a transistor A terminal 503, a capacitive element 505, a connection part 506, and wiring 367 are provided.

[0276] On the resin layer 201 are insulating layers 511, 512, 513, 514, etc. An insulating layer is provided.

[0277] Here, of the source or drain of transistor 503, the electrode 311b is electrically connected The unconnected conductive layer may function as part of the signal line. Also, transistor The conductive layer acting as the gate for 503 may also function as part of the scan line.

[0278] Figure 12 shows an example where a transistor 501 is provided as an example of the circuit section 366. Yes, they are.

[0279] At least one of the insulating layers 512 and 513 covering each transistor is protected from water and hydrogen It is preferable to use materials that do not easily allow impurities such as these to diffuse.

[0280] An electrode 311b is provided on the insulating layer 514. Through the openings formed in the insulating layer 513, insulating layer 512, etc., the saw of transistor 503 It is electrically connected to either the spool or the drain. Also, electrode 311b is connected to capacitive element 505 It is electrically connected to one of the electrodes.

[0281] Since the display panel 800 is a reflective liquid crystal display device, visible light is reflected by the electrode 311b. A conductive material is used, and a conductive material that transmits visible light is used for electrode 562.

[0282] Examples of conductive materials that transmit visible light include indium (In), zinc (Zn), It is preferable to use a material containing one selected type of tin (Sn). Specifically, indioxide Indium tin oxide (ITO), indium tin oxide Lead oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide Indium oxide containing titanium dioxide, indium oxide containing titanium dioxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium dioxide Substances, indium tin oxide (ITSO) containing silicon oxide, zinc oxide, and gallium-containing acids Examples include zinc oxide. Furthermore, a film containing graphene can also be used. Graphene A film containing this material can be formed, for example, by reducing a film containing graphene oxide.

[0283] Examples of conductive materials that reflect visible light include aluminum, silver, or gold. Examples include alloys containing the same material. Other examples include gold, platinum, nickel, tungsten, and chromium alloys. Metal materials such as iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or these gold Alloys containing the above-mentioned materials can be used. In addition, lantern, Neodymium or germanium may be added. Aluminum and titanium alloy. Aluminum and nickel alloy, aluminum and neodymium alloy, aluminum, nickel Aluminum alloys such as kel and lanthanum alloys (Al-Ni-La) (Aluminum alloy), silver-copper alloy, silver-palladium-copper alloy (Ag-Pd-Cu, also known as APC) (Note), a silver-containing alloy such as a silver-magnesium alloy may also be used.

[0284] Here, a linear polarizer may be used as the polarizer 599, but a circular polarizer may also be used. For circular polarizers, for example, a plate made by laminating a linear polarizer and a quarter-wavelength phase difference plate can be used. This makes it possible to suppress external light reflection. Also, the polarizing plate 599 Depending on the type, the cell gap, orientation, driving voltage, etc. of the liquid crystal element used in the liquid crystal element 529 are adjusted. The goal is to adjust the image so that the desired contrast is achieved.

[0285] The electrode 562 is provided on the resin layer 201 side in a portion close to the edge of the resin layer 202. The conductive layer and the connector 543 are electrically connected. Potential and signals can be supplied to electrode 562 from the FPC374 or IC placed there.

[0286] For example, conductive particles can be used as the connector 543. In this case, a material is used in which the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica is coated with a metal material. Yes, it is possible. Using nickel or gold as the metallic material is preferable because it reduces contact resistance. Particles coated in layers of two or more metal materials, such as nickel further coated with gold. It is preferable to use a material that undergoes elastic or plastic deformation as the connecting body 543. It is preferable to use it. At this time, the conductive particles, which are the connectors 543, are as shown in Figure 12. In some cases, it may take on a shape that is flattened in the vertical direction. This allows the connector 543 and the electric The contact area with the conductive layer that is connected by gas is increased, which reduces contact resistance and also prevents connection failures. This can suppress the occurrence of malfunctions.

[0287] It is preferable that the connecting body 543 be positioned so as to be covered by the adhesive layer 517. The connecting elements 543 can be dispersed in the previous adhesive layer 517.

[0288] A connecting portion 506 is provided in the region near the edge of the resin layer 201. The connecting portion 506 is It is electrically connected to the FPC374 via the connection layer 519.

[0289] The above is a description of the display panel 800.

[0290] [About the display element] The display element of the first pixel located on the display surface side includes an element that reflects ambient light for display. Such elements can be used. Because they do not have a light source, the power consumption during display is extremely low. It becomes possible to make it even smaller. The display element of the first pixel is typically a reflective type. A liquid crystal element can be used. Alternatively, the display element of the first pixel may be a shutter MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) m) Elements, optical interference MEMS elements, as well as microcapsule type, electrophoretic type, and ELE Elements using methods such as the cutrowetting method and the electronic powder fluid (registered trademark) method are used. It is possible.

[0291] Furthermore, the display element of the second pixel located on the opposite side from the display surface has a light source, A display element that utilizes light from a light source can be used. Because light's brightness and chromaticity are not affected by ambient light, it has high color reproduction capabilities (wide color gamut). ), and also enable high-contrast, i.e., vivid display. The second pixel has For example, the display element used is an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Display). Diode), LED(Light Emitting Diode), QLED(Qu Self-luminescent light emission (such as antum-dot light-emitting diodes) Optical elements can be used. Alternatively, a light source can be used as a display element of the second pixel. A backlight and a transmissive liquid crystal element that controls the amount of light transmitted from the backlight. You may also use a combination of them.

[0292] [Liquid crystal element] Examples of liquid crystal elements include vertical alignment (VA). Liquid crystal elements to which the mode is applied can be used. As for the vertical alignment mode, MVA( Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, PVA Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, ASV (Adv Features such as the (anced Super View) mode can be used.

[0293] Furthermore, liquid crystal elements with various modes applied can be used. For example, In addition to VA mode, there are also TN (Twisted Nematic) mode and IPS (In-Plant Nematic) mode. -Plane-Switching) mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switch) itching) mode, ASM(Axially Symmetric aligne) d Micro-cell) mode, OCB (Optically Compensated) (ed Birefringence) mode, FLC (Ferroelectric L iquix Crystal mode, AFLC (AntiFerroelectric) Liquid crystal elements with modes such as Liquid Crystal applied can be used. .

[0294] Furthermore, liquid crystal elements control the transmission or non-transmission of light through the optical modulation effect of liquid crystals. It is a child. Furthermore, the optical modulation effect of liquid crystals is due to the electric field acting on the liquid crystal (horizontal electric field, vertical electric field) It is controlled by an electric field (including an electric field in an oblique direction). Note that the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element is For example, thermotropic liquid crystals, low molecular weight liquid crystals, polymer liquid crystals, polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs): Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) Antiferroelectric liquid crystals, guest-host type liquid crystals, etc., can be used. These liquid crystal materials Depending on the conditions, the cholesteric phase, smectic phase, cubic phase, chiral nematics This shows the cubic phase, isotropic phase, etc.

[0295] Furthermore, either positive-type or negative-type liquid crystals may be used as the liquid crystal material. The optimal liquid crystal material should be used depending on the mode and design to be applied.

[0296] Furthermore, an alignment film can be provided to control the orientation of the liquid crystal. If adopted, a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase without an alignment layer may be used. The blue phase is the liquid crystal phase. One such example is when a cholesteric liquid crystal is heated, and it transitions from the cholesteric phase to the isotropic phase. This phase appears just before transfer. The blue phase only appears within a narrow temperature range. To improve the properties, a liquid crystal composition containing several weight percent or more of a chiral agent is used in the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and optical isotropy. It is a property. Furthermore, a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent is an alignment treatment. It is essential and has low viewing angle dependence. Also, since an alignment layer is not required, rubbing treatment is not necessary. As this is essential, it can prevent electrostatic discharge damage caused by rubbing, and This can reduce defects and damage to liquid crystal display devices during the manufacturing process.

[0297] When using reflective liquid crystal elements, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. In addition, Placing a light diffuser on the display side is preferable because it improves visibility.

[0298] [Light-emitting element] As the light-emitting element, a self-emitting element can be used, and it will light up when current or voltage is applied. This category includes elements whose brightness is controlled. For example, LEDs, QLEDs, and organic EL elements. Inorganic EL elements and the like can be used, but the generation described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 It is preferable to use an optical element.

[0299] In this embodiment, in particular, a top-emission type light-emitting element is used. Preferably, a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode that extracts light. For the electrode that does not emit light, it is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light. The element may be a single element having one EL layer, or multiple EL layers may be used as charge generation layers. They may be tandem elements stacked via a barrier.

[0300] The EL layer has at least an emissive layer. The EL layer has layers other than the emissive layer, such as hole injection layers. High-performance materials, materials with high hole transport, hole-blocking materials, materials with high electron transport, electron injection This includes substances with high electron transport and hole transport properties, or bipolar substances (substances with high electron transport and hole transport properties), etc. It may have further layers.

[0301] The EL layer contains the low molecular weight compounds, polymer compounds, and inorganic compounds mentioned in Embodiment 1 above. It can be used. The layers constituting the EL layer are each deposited by a vapor deposition method (including vacuum deposition method), It can be formed by methods such as transfer, printing, inkjet, and coating.

[0302] [Adhesive layer] The adhesive layer can be a photocuring adhesive such as an UV-curing type, a reaction-curing adhesive, or a thermosetting adhesive. Various types of curing adhesives, such as anaerobic adhesives, can be used. Epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin, imi Plastic resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, E Examples include VA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin. In particular, the moisture permeability of epoxy resins, etc. Materials with low properties are preferred. A two-part resin mixture may also be used. Furthermore, adhesive sheets, etc. You may use it.

[0303] Furthermore, the above resin may contain a desiccant. For example, an alkaline earth metal oxide (acid Using substances that adsorb moisture by chemical adsorption, such as calcium carbonate or barium oxide. It is possible to remove moisture through physical adsorption, such as with zeolite or silica gel. Adsorbent substances may be used. If a desiccant is included, impurities such as moisture may enter the element. This is preferable because it can suppress the process and improve the reliability of the display panel.

[0304] Furthermore, by mixing a filler or light scattering material with a high refractive index into the above resin, light can be extracted. This can improve efficiency. For example, titanium dioxide, barium oxide, zeolite, and Aquatic plants such as ruconium can be used.

[0305] [Connection layer] As a connecting layer, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is used. (Active Film) and anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic C) You can use inductive pastels, etc.

[0306] [Colored layer] Materials that can be used for the colored layer include metal materials, resin materials, pigments, or dyes. Examples include resin materials.

[0307] [Light blocking layer] Materials that can be used as a light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, Examples include metals, metal oxides, and composite oxides containing solid solutions of multiple metal oxides. Light-shielding layer This may be a film containing a resin material, or a thin film of an inorganic material such as a metal. Furthermore, a laminated film containing the material for the colored layer can be used as the light-shielding layer. For example, a film of a certain color A film containing a material used for a light-transmitting colored layer, and a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of other colors. A laminated structure with a film containing can be used. By using the same material for the colored layer and the light-shielding layer, This is preferable because it allows for the standardization of equipment and simplifies the process.

[0308] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be appropriately combined with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It is possible.

[0309] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, the electron light-emitting element shown in Embodiments 1 and 2 is included as part of the electron The device will now be described. The light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is one embodiment of the present invention. Because it includes a light-emitting element of the same type, it is a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and good reliability, As a result, the electronic device described in this embodiment has reduced power consumption and a reliable display. It is possible to create an electronic device having a section.

[0310] <Explanation regarding the display module>

[0311] The display module 6000 shown in Figure 13(A) consists of an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 60 Between 02 and FPC6005 are the display panel 6006, frame 6009, and It has a lint substrate 6010 and a battery 6011.

[0312] For example, a display device manufactured using one aspect of the present invention may be used as a display panel 6006. This allows for the production of display modules with a high yield.

[0313] The upper cover 6001 and lower cover 6002 are sized to match the display panel 6006. The shape and dimensions can be changed as needed.

[0314] Alternatively, a touch panel may be provided on top of the display panel 6006. This involves superimposing a resistive or capacitive touch panel onto the display panel 6006. It is possible to also provide a touch panel without a touch panel, on the display panel 6006. It is also possible to give it abilities.

[0315] Frame 6009 provides protection for the display panel 6006, as well as the movement of the printed circuit board 6010. It has the function of an electromagnetic shield to block electromagnetic waves generated by the operation. The 6009 may also function as a heat sink.

[0316] Printed circuit board 6010 is a power supply circuit and a signal for outputting video signals and clock signals. It has a power processing circuit. The power supply that provides power to the power supply circuit is an external commercial power supply. Alternatively, a separate battery 6011 may be used as the power source. This can be omitted when using commercial power.

[0317] Furthermore, the display module 6000 includes components such as polarizing plates, phase difference plates, and prism sheets. They may also be provided.

[0318] Figure 13(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display module 6000 equipped with an optical touch sensor. That is the case.

[0319] The display module 6000 includes a light-emitting section 6015 and a receiver provided on the printed circuit board 6010. It has a light-emitting section 6016. It is also surrounded by an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002. The region has a pair of light guides (light guide 6017a, light guide 6017b).

[0320] The upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be made of, for example, plastic. Also, the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 are each thin (for example, 0. It is possible to make it (5mm or more and 5mm or less). Therefore, display module 6000 is extremely It becomes possible to make it lighter. Also, the upper cover 6001 and lower cover 6 Since 002 can be produced, manufacturing costs can be reduced.

[0321] The display panel 6006 connects to the printed circuit board 6010 and battery via the frame 6009. It is installed overlapping with Ri 6011. The display panel 6006 and frame 6009 are light guides. 6017a is fixed to the light guide section 6017b.

[0322] Light 6018 emitted from the light-emitting unit 6015 is directed by the light guide unit 6017a to the display panel 60 It passes through the upper part of 06, through the light guide part 6017b, and reaches the light receiving part 6016. For example, a finger or When light 6018 is blocked by an object being detected, such as a tyrus, touch operation is detected. It is possible.

[0323] Multiple light-emitting units 6015 are provided, for example, along two adjacent sides of the display panel 6006. Multiple light-receiving units 6016 are provided at positions opposite to the light-emitting unit 6015, with the light-receiving unit 6015 in between. This allows us to obtain information about the location where a touch operation was performed.

[0324] The light-emitting part 6015 can use a light source such as an LED element. In particular, the light-emitting part 6015 refers to infrared light that is invisible to the user and harmless to the user. It is preferable to use a source.

[0325] The light-receiving unit 6016 is a photoelectric element that receives light emitted by the light-emitting unit 6015 and converts it into an electrical signal. A photodiode capable of receiving infrared light can be used. can.

[0326] The light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b are members that transmit at least light 6018. The following can be used. By using the light guide part 6017a and the light guide part 6017b, the light-emitting part 6015 and the light receiving unit 6016 can be placed below the display panel 6006, and ambient light This can prevent the light from reaching the light-receiving unit 6016 and causing the touch sensor to malfunction. In particular, visible light It is preferable to use a resin that absorbs and transmits infrared rays. This reduces the error of the touch sensor. It can suppress the movement more effectively.

[0327] One aspect of the present invention can be used in at least the display panel 6006.

[0328] <Explanation regarding electronic equipment> Figures 14(A) through 14(G) show electronic devices. These electronic devices are enclosed in a casing. Body 9000, display unit 9001, speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (power switch, or (including the operating switch), connection terminal 9006, sensor 9007 (force, displacement, position, velocity, Acceleration, angular velocity, rotational speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electricity To measure fields, currents, voltages, power, radiation, flow rates, humidity, gradients, vibrations, odors, or infrared radiation. It may have a microphone 9008 (including functions), etc. Also, sensor 9 007 may have a function for measuring biological information, such as a pulse sensor or a fingerprint sensor.

[0329] The electronic devices shown in Figures 14(A) to 14(G) can have a variety of functions. For example, a function that displays various information (still images, videos, text images, etc.) on the display unit, Chiss sensor function, calendar, date or time display function, various software ( The program controls processing, provides wireless communication, and uses wireless communication to perform various tasks. Features include the ability to connect to computer networks and transmit various types of data using wireless communication. Alternatively, it can perform receiving functions, or read programs or data recorded on a recording medium and display them. It can have a function to display on the display unit, etc. Note that Figures 14(A) to 14(G) The functions that the electronic devices shown may have are not limited to these, and may have a variety of functions. This is possible. Also, although not shown in Figures 14(A) to 14(G), electronic devices include: The configuration may have multiple display units. Furthermore, the electronic device may be equipped with a camera or the like to capture still images. Functions for taking photos, recording videos, and recording images on a storage medium (external or built into the camera). It may also have a function to save the image to the display unit, a function to display the captured image on the display unit, etc.

[0330] Details of the electronic equipment shown in Figures 14(A) to 14(G) will be explained below.

[0331] Figure 14(A) is a perspective view showing the personal digital assistant 9100. The display unit 9001 has flexibility. Therefore, it can be used on the curved surface of the curved housing 9000. The display unit 9001 can be incorporated accordingly. Furthermore, the display unit 9001 is a touch sensor. It features a stylus that allows you to operate it by touching the screen with your finger or a stylus. For example, the display By touching the icon displayed on the display unit 9001, you can launch the application. can.

[0332] Figure 14(B) is a perspective view showing the personal digital assistant 9101. The personal digital assistant 9101 is It has one or more functions selected from, for example, a telephone, a notebook, or an information viewing device. Physically, it can be used as a smartphone. Furthermore, the mobile information terminal 9101 is... The speaker 9003, connection terminal 9006, sensor 9007, etc. are omitted from the diagram, but It can be installed in the same position as the portable information terminal 9100 shown in 14(A). The information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on its multiple surfaces. For example, Three operation buttons 9050 (also called operation icons or simply icons) are on the display unit 900. It can be displayed on one side of 1. Also, the information 9051 shown by the dashed rectangle is displayed on the display unit 90 It can be displayed on other sides of 01. For example, information 9051 is an email. A display that notifies you of incoming calls from social networking services (SNS) or phone calls. Subject of email or social media post, sender's name, date and time, time, It displays the remaining battery level, the strength of received signals such as radio waves, etc. Alternatively, information 9051 is Even if you display operation button 9050 or something similar in place of information 9051, good.

[0333] For example, alloys, plastics, ceramics, etc., can be used as materials for the casing 9000. It is possible. Reinforced plastic can also be used as the plastic. Carbon fiber reinforced resin composite material (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) is a type of plastic. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have the advantages of being lightweight and corrosion-resistant. Other types of reinforced plastics include glass fiber reinforced plastics and aramic plastics. Reinforced plastics can be produced using fiber. Compared to alloys, they can withstand strong impacts. In some cases, the fibers may peel off from the resin, so an alloy is preferred. Aluminum is a suitable alloy. Examples include nium alloys and magnesium alloys, but among them, zirconium, copper, nickel, and thi Amorphous alloys containing tannin (also called metallic glass) are superior in terms of elastic strength. Crystalline alloys are amorphous alloys that have a glass transition region at room temperature, and bulk solidified amorphous Also known as an alloy, it is an alloy that has a substantially amorphous atomic structure. It is produced by solidification casting, and a small amount of... However, in some cases, alloy material is cast into the mold of the housing and solidified, and some of the housings are bulk solidified. It is formed from a crystalline alloy. Amorphous alloys include zirconium, copper, nickel, titanium, and also beryllium. Lime, silicon, niobium, boron, gallium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, It may also contain iron, cobalt, yttrium, vanadium, phosphorus, carbon, etc. Furthermore, it may be amorphous. The alloy is not limited to solidification casting, but can also be produced by vacuum deposition, sputtering, electrolytic plating, and electroless metallurgy. It may also be formed by methods such as the Kick method. Furthermore, amorphous alloys as a whole exhibit long-range order (periodic order). If it maintains a state without structure, it may contain microcrystals or nanocrystals. Oh, an alloy is a complete solid solution alloy having a single solid phase structure, and a part having two or more phases. It shall include both the solution and the body. By using an amorphous alloy for the housing 9000, it will have high elasticity. This allows for the realization of a casing that is not damaged. Therefore, even if the mobile information terminal 9101 is dropped, the casing 9000 will not be damaged. In the case of crystalline alloys, even if they temporarily deform at the moment of impact, they will return to their original shape, so portable devices This can improve the shock resistance of the information terminal 9101.

[0334] Figure 14(C) is a perspective view showing the personal digital assistant 9102. The personal digital assistant 9102 is The display unit 9001 has the function of displaying information on three or more sides. Here, information 9052, This shows an example where information 9053 and information 9054 are displayed on different sides. For example, The user of the mobile information terminal 9102 stores the mobile information terminal 9102 in the breast pocket of their clothing. In this state, you can check the display (information 9053 in this case). Specifically, when an incoming call is received... The phone number or name of the caller can be observed from above the mobile information terminal 9102. The information is displayed on the device. The user can view the information without taking the portable information terminal 9102 out of their pocket. This allows you to check and decide whether or not to answer the call.

[0335] Figure 14(D) is a perspective view showing the wristwatch-type personal information terminal 9200. Personal information terminal The 9200 is a mobile phone, email, document viewing and creation, music playback, and internet communication. It can run various applications such as computer games. The display unit 9001 has a curved display surface, and displays are performed along the curved display surface. It can do this. Furthermore, the personal information terminal 9200 can perform standardized short-range wireless communication. This is possible. For example, by communicating with a wireless headset, It is also possible to make calls using the free-call function. In addition, the mobile information terminal 9200 has a connection terminal 9006. It has the capability to directly exchange data with other information terminals via a connector. Charging can also be performed via connection terminal 9006. Note that the charging operation is performed via connection terminal 900 This may also be done by wireless power transfer without using 6.

[0336] Figures 14(E), (F), and (G) are perspective views showing a foldable portable information terminal 9201. Furthermore, Figure 14(E) is a perspective view of the mobile information terminal 9201 in an unfolded state, and Figure 14 (F) changes the mobile information terminal 9201 from one state to the other, either unfolded or folded. This is a perspective view of the device in the process of being folded, with Figure 14(G) showing the portable information terminal 9201 in its folded state. This is a perspective view of the device. The 9201 portable information terminal offers excellent portability when folded, and when unfolded... In this configuration, the seamless, wide display area provides excellent readability. (Portable Information Terminal 92) The display unit 9001 of 01 is connected by three housings 9000 via a hinge 9055. It is supported by bending the two housings 9000 via the hinge 9055. Furthermore, the mobile information terminal 9201 can be reversibly transformed from an unfolded state to a folded state. This is possible. For example, the mobile information terminal 9201 can bend with a radius of curvature of 1 mm or more and 150 mm or less. It is possible to do so.

[0337] Furthermore, electronic devices include, for example, television equipment (television or television receiver). (also called a machine), computer monitors, digital cameras, digital video cameras, Digital photo frames, mobile phones (also called mobile phones or mobile phone devices), goggles Displays (head-mounted displays), portable game consoles, personal digital assistants, audio playback devices. Examples include live-action devices and large-scale game machines such as pachinko machines.

[0338] Furthermore, an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention may have a secondary battery and contactless power transmission It is preferable that the secondary battery can be charged using this method.

[0339] Examples of secondary batteries include lithium polymer batteries (lithium-ion batteries) that use a gel-like electrolyte. Lithium-ion secondary batteries such as polymer batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries Pond, nickel-cadmium battery, organic radical battery, lead-acid battery, air rechargeable battery, nickel-zinc battery, silver-sulfide battery Lead-acid batteries are one example.

[0340] An electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention may have an antenna. The antenna receives a signal. This allows the display unit to show images, information, etc. Also, electronic devices can use secondary batteries. If it has this feature, the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.

[0341] Figures 15(A), (B), and (C) each show a foldable electronic device.

[0342] The electronic device 900 shown in Figure 15(A) consists of a housing 901a, a housing 901b, a hinge 903, It has a display unit 902, etc. The display unit 902 is incorporated into housing 901a and housing 901b. It is.

[0343] The housing 901a and housing 901b are rotatably connected by a hinge 903. The device 900 can be in a state where the housing 901a and housing 901b are closed, as shown in Figure 15(A). It can be transformed between an open state and a closed state. This makes it highly portable when carrying it around. When in use, the large display area provides excellent visibility.

[0344] Furthermore, when the housings 901a and 901b are opened, the hinge 903 will open at these angles. It is preferable to have a locking mechanism to prevent the angle from becoming greater than a predetermined angle. For example, the angle at which it locks (cannot be opened any further) is between 90 and 180 degrees. It is preferable to do so, typically at 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, or 150 degrees, 175 degrees. This can be done in various ways. This can improve convenience, safety, and reliability. ru.

[0345] The display unit 902 functions as a touch panel and can be operated with a finger or stylus. It is possible.

[0346] A wireless communication module is provided in either housing 901a or housing 901b. Internet, LAN (Local Area Network), Wi-Fi (registration required) It is possible to send and receive data via computer networks such as trademarks. .

[0347] The display unit 902 is preferably composed of a single flexible display. This enables continuous, uninterrupted display between enclosure 901a and enclosure 901b. This can be done. Furthermore, each of the casings 901a and 901b is equipped with a display. It can also be configured in a way that allows for this.

[0348] Figure 15(B) shows an electronic device 910 that functions as a portable game console. The sub-device 910 consists of a housing 911a, a housing 911b, a display unit 912, a hinge 913, and operation buttons. It has a 914a, an operation button 914b, etc.

[0349] Furthermore, a cartridge 915 can be inserted into the housing 911b. The 915, for example, stores application software such as games, and is a cartridge. By replacing the 915, various applications can be performed with the electronic device 910. It is possible.

[0350] Furthermore, Figure 15(B) shows the size of the part of the display unit 912 that overlaps with the housing 911a, and the housing The images show examples where the size of the overlapping area with 911b differs. Specifically, the operation button The display unit 912 overlaps with the housing 911b, which is provided with the tan 914a and the operation buttons 914b. A portion of the display unit 912 provided on the housing 911a is larger than a portion of the housing 911a. For example, the display unit 9 The main display is shown on the 911a side of the casing, and the operation screen is shown on the 911b side. Each display unit can be used in different ways, such as for displaying information.

[0351] The electronic device 920 shown in Figure 15(C) is connected to a housing 921a by a hinge 923. A flexible display unit 922 is provided across the housing 921b.

[0352] In Figure 15(C), when the housings 921a and 921b are opened, the display unit 922 is large It is held in a curved shape. For example, the radius of curvature is preferably between 1 mm and 50 mm. Alternatively, the display unit 922 can be held in a state of 5mm to 30mm. It is possible. A part of the display unit 922 has pixels that are continuously arranged from the housing 921a to the housing 921b. It can be positioned and displayed on a curved surface.

[0353] Because the hinge 923 has the locking mechanism described above, no excessive force is applied to the display unit 922. Without any issues, damage to the display unit 922 can be prevented. Therefore, high reliability This enables the creation of advanced electronic devices.

[0354] Figure 16(A) shows a video camera, consisting of a housing 7701, a housing 7702, a display unit 7703, It has an operation key 7704, a lens 7705, a connector 7706, etc. Operation key 7704 and The lens 7705 is located in the housing 7701, and the display unit 7703 is located in the housing 7702. And the housing 7701 and housing 7702 are connected by the connecting part 7706. The angle between housing 7701 and housing 7702 can be changed by the connecting part 7706. Yes. The video in the display unit 7703 is connected to the housing 7701 and housing 77 in the connection unit 7706. The configuration may also be configured to switch according to the angle between 02 and 03.

[0355] Figure 16(B) shows a notebook personal computer, consisting of a casing 7121 and a display unit 712 2. It has a keyboard 7123, a pointing device 7124, etc. Note that the display unit 7 122 has a very high pixel density and can achieve high resolution, so even though it is small to medium size, 8 It is possible to display k values, and a very clear image can be obtained.

[0356] Figure 16(C) shows the external appearance of the head-mounted display 7200.

[0357] The head-mounted display 7200 consists of a mounting part 7201, lenses 7202, and a main body 72 03, it has a display unit 7204, a cable 7205, etc. Also, the mounting part 7201 has It has a built-in 7206 battery.

[0358] Cable 7205 supplies power from battery 7206 to main unit 7203. 03 is equipped with a wireless receiver and displays received video information such as image data on the display unit 7204. It can also detect the movement of the user's eyeballs and eyelids using a camera located on the main unit 7203. By capturing the user's perspective and calculating the coordinates of their viewpoint based on that information, the user's viewpoint is determined. It can be used as an input method.

[0359] Furthermore, the attachment portion 7201 may be provided with multiple electrodes in positions that come into contact with the user. The main unit 7203 detects the current flowing through the electrodes in response to the user's eye movements, It may also have a function to recognize the user's viewpoint. Furthermore, it may detect the current flowing through the electrode. By doing so, it may have a function to monitor the user's pulse. Also, the attachment part 720 1 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor. The display unit 7204 may also have a function to display the user's biometric information. The movement of the unit is detected, and the image displayed on the display unit 7204 is changed in accordance with that movement. That's good too.

[0360] Figure 16(D) shows the external appearance of camera 7300. Camera 7300 consists of housing 7301, front It includes an indicator unit 7302, an operation button 7303, a shutter button 7304, a coupling unit 7305, etc. Additionally, the 7300 camera can be fitted with the 7306 lens.

[0361] The coupling section 7305 has electrodes and, in addition to the viewfinder 7400 described later, a strobe device. It can connect to things like this.

[0362] Here, we'll use camera 7300 and replace lens 7306 by removing it from housing 7301. Although the configuration allows for this, the lens 7306 and the housing 7301 may be integrated. .

[0363] Images can be taken by pressing the shutter button 7304. Also, the display unit 7 Unit 302 has a touch sensor and can also capture images by operating the display unit 7302. That is the case.

[0364] A display device according to one aspect of the present invention, or a touch sensor, can be applied to the display unit 7302. can.

[0365] Figure 16(E) shows an example of the camera 7300 with the viewfinder 7400 attached. They are doing it.

[0366] The viewfinder 7400 has a housing 7401, a display unit 7402, buttons 7403, etc. .

[0367] The housing 7401 has a coupling portion that engages with the coupling portion 7305 of the camera 7300. The viewfinder 7400 can be attached to the camera 7300. Furthermore, the connection point has The device has electrodes, and displays images and other data received from the camera 7300 via these electrodes on the display unit 7402. It can be demonstrated.

[0368] Button 7403 functions as a power button. Button 7403 controls the display. You can switch the display of 7402 on and off.

[0369] Note that in Figure 16(D)(E), the camera 7300 and the viewfinder 7400 are connected by separate electronics. The device is designed to have a detachable configuration, but the housing 7301 of the camera 7300 is configured with the present invention. A display device in one form, or a viewfinder equipped with a touch sensor, may be incorporated. .

[0370] Figures 17(A) to (E) show the appearance of the head-mounted displays 7500 and 7510. This is a diagram.

[0371] The head-mounted display 7500 consists of a housing 7501, two display units 7502, and an operating system. It has a button 7503 and a band-shaped fastener 7504.

[0372] The head-mounted display 7500 is an upgrade of the head-mounted display 7200 mentioned above. In addition to its existing functions, it is equipped with two display units.

[0373] Having two display units 7502 allows the user to view one display unit per eye. This allows for high resolution even when performing 3D displays using parallax. It can display images. Furthermore, the display unit 7502 is an arc roughly centered on the user's eyes. It is curved in a specific shape. This ensures that the distance from the user's eye to the display surface of the display unit remains constant. Therefore, users can see more natural images. In addition, the brightness and color of the light from the display unit Even in cases where the display changes depending on the viewing angle, the normal direction of the display surface of the display unit Because the user's eyes are positioned there, the effect can be practically ignored, resulting in a more realistic feel. It can display images that have a certain feature.

[0374] Operation button 7503 has functions such as a power button. In addition to operation button 7503 It may have buttons.

[0375] Furthermore, the head-mounted display 7510 consists of a housing 7501, a display unit 7502, and a van. It has a D-shaped fixing device 7504 and a pair of lenses 7505.

[0376] The user can view the display on the display unit 7502 through the lens 7505. Furthermore, it is preferable to arrange the display unit 7502 in a curved shape. By placing it there, users can experience a high level of realism.

[0377] A display device according to one aspect of the present invention can be applied to the display unit 7502. Because the display device can achieve high resolution, as shown in Figure 17(E), lens 75 Even when enlarged using 05, the user cannot see the individual pixels, resulting in a more realistic image. It can display video.

[0378] Figure 18(A) shows an example of a television system. The television system 9300 has a housing 9 The display unit 9001 is incorporated into 000. Here, the stand 9301 is used for the housing 9 This shows a configuration that supports 000.

[0379] The operation of the television device 9300 shown in Figure 18(A) is performed using the operating system provided by the housing 9000. This can be done via a switch or a separate remote control unit 9311. Alternatively, the display unit 90 01 may be equipped with a touch sensor, and can be operated by touching the display unit 9001 with a finger, etc. This is also acceptable. The remote control unit 9311 displays the information output from the remote control unit 9311. It may have a display unit. Operation keys or touch controls provided on the remote control unit 9311. The control panel allows you to operate the channel and volume, and the information is displayed on the display unit 9001. The video can be manipulated.

[0380] The television system 9300 will consist of a receiver, modem, and other components. This allows for the reception of general television broadcasts. Furthermore, it enables wired or wireless reception via a modem. By connecting to a communication network, one-way (sender to receiver) or two-way communication is possible. It is also possible to communicate information (between a sender and a receiver, or between receivers, etc.).

[0381] Furthermore, since the electronic device or lighting device according to one aspect of the present invention is flexible, it can be used inside houses and buildings. It can also be incorporated along curved surfaces of walls or exterior walls, or the interior or exterior of automobiles. be.

[0382] Figure 18(B) shows the exterior of the automobile 9700. Figure 18(C) shows the driver's seat of the automobile 9700. This shows that the automobile 9700 consists of the body 9701, wheels 9702, dashboard 9703, and It has Ito 9704, etc. A display device or light-emitting device, etc. according to one aspect of the present invention is an automobile 9700 It can be used in the display section, etc. For example, the display section 9710 to the display shown in Figure 18(C) A display device or light-emitting device, etc., according to one aspect of the present invention can be provided in the display section 9715.

[0383] Display unit 9710 and display unit 9711 are display devices installed on the windshield of an automobile. Yes. A display device or light-emitting device, etc., according to one aspect of the present invention, uses a light-transmitting conductive material for electrodes and wiring. By using a transparent material, it becomes possible to create a so-called see-through state where the other side is visible. This is possible. If the display unit 9710 or the display unit 9711 is in a see-through state, the automobile 97 It does not obstruct the view even when driving. Therefore, a display device according to one aspect of the present invention or The light-emitting device and the like can be installed on the windshield of the automobile 9700. Alternatively, if transistors or the like are provided to drive light-emitting devices, organic semiconductor materials may be used. The organic transistors used, as well as transistors using oxide semiconductors, have light-transmitting properties. Using a transistor would be a good idea.

[0384] The display unit 9712 is a display device provided on the pillar portion. For example, it is provided on the vehicle body. By displaying the image from the imaging device on the display unit 9712, the view obstructed by the pillar is revealed. It can be supplemented. The display unit 9713 is a display device provided on the dashboard. For example, by displaying images from an imaging device installed on the vehicle body on the display unit 9713. This can compensate for the view obstructed by the dashboard. In other words, it can provide a view of the outside of the car. By displaying images from imaging devices installed in the area, blind spots are compensated for, and safety is enhanced. This is possible. Furthermore, by displaying images that fill in the gaps in the unseen areas, the unnaturalness can be reduced. Safety checks can be performed without any sense of touch.

[0385] Figure 18(D) shows the interior of a car with bench seats for both the driver and passenger. The display unit 9721 is a display device provided in the door section. For example, it is provided on the vehicle body. By displaying the image from the captured imaging device on the display unit 9721, the view obstructed by the door is cleared. It can complement this. Also, the display unit 9722 is a display device provided on the handle. The display unit 9723 is a display device located in the center of the seat surface of the bench seat. The display device is installed on the seat or backrest, and the heat generated by the display device is... It can also be used as a seat heater with this as the heat source.

[0386] Display unit 9714, display unit 9715, or display unit 9722 displays navigation information, speed The odometer, tachometer, mileage, fuel level, gear status, air conditioning settings, etc. It can also provide various other types of information. Furthermore, the display items and layout shown on the display unit... These can be changed as needed to suit the user's preferences. Note that the above information is displayed on the display unit. It can also be displayed on display units 9710 to 9713, display unit 9721, and display unit 9723. Furthermore, display units 9710 to 9715 and 9721 to 9723 are illuminated. It can also be used as a lighting device. In addition, the display units 9710 to 9715, display Sections 9721 to 9723 can also be used as heating devices.

[0387] The display device 9500 shown in Figures 19(A) and 19(B) consists of multiple display panels 9501 and a shaft portion 9 It has 511 and a bearing portion 9512. In addition, the multiple display panels 9501 have a display area It has a region 9502 and a translucent region 9503.

[0388] Furthermore, the multiple display panels 9501 are flexible. Also, two adjacent display panels The 9501 is provided such that parts of them overlap each other. For example, two adjacent The translucent areas 9503 of the display panel 9501 can be superimposed. By using the display panel 9501, a large-screen display device can be created. Depending on the situation, the display panel 9501 can be rolled up, making it a highly versatile display. It can be used as a display device.

[0389] Furthermore, in Figures 19(A)(B), the display area 9502 is adjacent to the display panel 950 The diagram illustrates the state of separation at point 1, but it is not limited to this; for example, adjacent display panels 9 By overlapping the 501 display area 9502 without any gaps, a continuous display area 9502 and You may do so.

[0390] The electronic device described in this embodiment has a display unit for displaying some kind of information. However, the light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention can also be applied to electronic devices that do not have a display unit. This is possible. Furthermore, the display unit of the electronic device described in this embodiment has flexibility. a configuration that allows display along a curved display surface, or a foldable display unit. While examples of configurations have been given, the structure is not limited to these, and may also include non-flexible structures that display on a flat surface. It may be considered a success.

[0391] The configuration shown in this embodiment may be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It is possible.

[0392] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device having a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention is shown in Figure 20 and This will be explained using Figure 21.

[0393] A perspective view of the light-emitting device 3000 shown in this embodiment is shown in Figure 20(A). Figure 20(B) shows the cross-sectional views corresponding to the section between the dashed lines EF. In A), some of the components are shown with dashed lines to avoid complexity in the drawing.

[0394] The light-emitting device 3000 shown in Figures 20(A) and (B) consists of a substrate 3001 and a light-emitting device on the substrate 3001. The optical element 3005, the first sealing region 3007 provided on the outer periphery of the light-emitting element 3005, and It has a second sealing region 3009 provided on the outer periphery of the first sealing region 3007.

[0395] Furthermore, the light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted from either substrate 3001 or substrate 3003. Or they are emitted from both. In Figures 20(A)(B), the emission from the light-emitting element 3005 This section describes a configuration in which light is emitted downwards (towards the substrate 3001).

[0396] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 20(A) and (B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a light-emitting element 3005. A double sealing structure is arranged surrounded by a first sealing region 3007 and a second sealing region 3009. It is constructed in a double-sealed structure that prevents external impurities from entering the light-emitting element 3005 side (e.g., For example, water, oxygen, etc. can be suitably suppressed. However, the first sealing region 300 7 and the second sealing region 3009 do not necessarily need to be provided. For example, the first sealing region 3 It may also consist solely of 007.

[0397] In Figure 20(B), the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are , provided in contact with substrates 3001 and 3003. However, it is not limited to this, for example If, then, one or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are located on the substrate 30 The configuration may also involve providing the insulating film or conductive film formed above 01 in contact with it. Alternatively, one or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are substrate The 3003 may be configured to be in contact with an insulating film or conductive film formed below it. stomach.

[0398] Substrates 3001 and 3003 are, respectively, substrate 200 as described in the previous embodiment. The same configuration as the substrate 220 can be used. As for the light-emitting element 3005, The same configuration as the light-emitting element described above may be used.

[0399] The first sealing region 3007 is a material containing glass (e.g., glass frit, glass). A ribbon or similar material can be used. Furthermore, the second sealing region 3009 may be a resin-containing material. This can be used. By using a material containing glass as the first sealing region 3007, Productivity and sealing properties can be improved. In addition, the second sealing region 3009 contains resin. By using this material, impact resistance and heat resistance can be improved. However, the first sealing area 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are, but are not limited to, the first sealing region 3007 The first part is formed from a resin-containing material, and the second sealing region 3009 is formed from a glass-containing material. That's good too.

[0400] Furthermore, the above-mentioned glass frits include, for example, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, Strontium oxide, barium oxide, cesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, acid Boron oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, tellurium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, acid Lead oxide, tin oxide, phosphorus oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhodium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, magnesium dioxide Niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, bismuth oxide, Zirconium oxide, lithium oxide, antimony oxide, lead borate glass, tin phosphate glass , including vanadate glass or borosilicate glass, etc. In order to absorb infrared light, Preferably, both contain one or more transition metals.

[0401] Furthermore, as for the glass frit mentioned above, for example, by applying frit paste onto a substrate, This is then subjected to heat treatment or laser irradiation. The frit paste contains the above glass frit It contains a stencil and a resin (also called a binder) diluted with an organic solvent. A net containing an absorbent that absorbs light of the wavelength of laser light may also be used. For example, it is preferable to use an Nd:YAG laser or a semiconductor laser. Furthermore, the shape of the laser beam during laser irradiation can be either circular or square.

[0402] Furthermore, examples of materials containing the above-mentioned resins include polyester, polyolefin, and poly Amides (nylon, aramid, etc.), polyimides, polycarbonates, or acrylic resins. Polyurethane and epoxy resins can be used. Alternatively, silicone and other silicones can be used. Materials containing resins with 3-bonds can be used.

[0403] Furthermore, either one or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 may be used. When using a material containing glass, the thermal expansion coefficient between the glass-containing material and the substrate 3001 It is preferable that they are close together. With the above configuration, the material containing glass or base will be affected by thermal stress. This can prevent cracks from forming in plate 3001.

[0404] For example, a material containing glass is used in the first sealing region 3007, and the second sealing region 3009 When using a material containing resin, the following excellent effects are obtained.

[0405] The second sealing region 3009 extends further outward than the first sealing region 3007 of the light-emitting device 3000. It is located on the side closer to the part. The light-emitting device 3000 is distorted by external forces, etc., as it moves towards the outer circumference. The distortion increases. Therefore, the outer periphery side of the light-emitting device 3000, i.e., the second side, becomes more distorted. The sealing region 3009 is sealed with a resin-containing material, and the second sealing region 3009 is By sealing the first sealing region 3007 provided on the inside with a material including glass, The light-emitting device 3000 becomes less prone to damage even when subjected to external forces or other distortions.

[0406] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 20(B), substrate 3001, substrate 3003, first sealing region 30 In the region surrounded by 07 and the second sealing region 3009, the first region 3011 is formed. Furthermore, substrate 3001, substrate 3003, light-emitting element 3005, and the first sealing region 300 A second region 3013 is formed in the area enclosed by 7.

[0407] The first region 3011 and the second region 3013 are, for example, noble gases or nitrogen gases. It is preferable that the container is filled with an inert gas such as acrylic or epoxy. It is preferable that it is filled. The first region 3011 and the second region 3013 are It is preferable that the pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure.

[0408] Furthermore, a modified version of the configuration shown in Figure 20(B) is shown in Figure 20(C). Figure 20(C) shows the light emission. This is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the apparatus 3000.

[0409] Figure 20(C) shows a recess provided in a part of the substrate 3003, with a desiccant 3018 placed in the recess. This is the configuration. The rest of the configuration is the same as that shown in Figure 20(B).

[0410] Desiccant 3018 is a substance that adsorbs moisture, etc., by chemical adsorption, or by physical adsorption. Therefore, a substance that adsorbs moisture, etc., can be used. For example, it can be used as a desiccant 3018. Substances that can be converted include alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides (oxidation). Calcium, barium oxide, etc.), sulfates, metal halides, perchlorates, zeolites, Examples include silica gel.

[0411] Next, regarding a modified example of the light-emitting device 3000 shown in Figure 20(B), see Figures 21(A)(B)( We will explain using C)(D). Note that Figures 21(A)(B)(C)(D) are the same as Figure 20(B). This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modified example of the light-emitting device 3000 shown.

[0412] The light-emitting device shown in Figures 21(A), (B), (C), and (D) does not have a second sealing region 3009. This configuration includes a first sealing region 3007. Also, see Figure 21(A)(B)(C)(D) The light-emitting device shown has region 3014 instead of the second region 3013 shown in Figure 20(B). do.

[0413] Examples of materials in area 3014 include polyester, polyolefin, and polyamide (nylon Polyimide, polycarbonate or acrylic resin, polyurethane, (e.g., aramid), polyimide, polycarbonate or acrylic resin, polyurethane Epoxy resin can be used. Alternatively, a material having siloxane bonds such as silicone can be used. Materials containing resin can be used.

[0414] Region 3014, by using the materials described above, is made into a so-called solid-encapsulated light-emitting device. It is possible.

[0415] Furthermore, the light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(B) is on the substrate 3001 side of the light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(A). The configuration involves providing a substrate 3015.

[0416] The substrate 3015 has irregularities as shown in Figure 21(B). By providing this on the side from which the light-emitting element 3005 is extracted, the light-emitting element 3005 This can improve the efficiency of light extraction. Furthermore, the uneven surface shown in Figure 21(B) Instead of having a structure, a substrate that functions as a diffuser may be provided.

[0417] Furthermore, the light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(C) is located on the substrate 3001 side of the light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(A). While the previous structure extracted light from one side, this structure extracts light from the substrate 3003 side.

[0418] The light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(C) has substrate 3015 on the substrate 3003 side. The configuration is the same as that of the light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(B).

[0419] Furthermore, the light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(D) is the substrate 3003 of the light-emitting device shown in Figure 21(C), This configuration involves providing substrate 3016 without providing 3015.

[0420] The substrate 3016 has a first uneven surface located near the light-emitting element 3005, and the light-emitting element 300 It has a second uneven surface located on the far side of 5. By using the configuration shown in Figure 21(D), The efficiency of light extraction from the light-emitting element 3005 can be further improved.

[0421] Therefore, by implementing the configuration shown in this embodiment, impurities such as water and oxygen can be eliminated. This makes it possible to realize a light-emitting device in which the degradation of the light-emitting element is suppressed. Alternatively, this implementation By implementing the configuration shown in the image, it is possible to realize a light-emitting device with high light extraction efficiency. Cut.

[0422] The configuration shown in this embodiment may be appropriately combined with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It is possible.

[0423] (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment, a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention is applied to various lighting devices and electronic devices. An example of this will be explained using Figures 22 and 23.

[0424] A light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention is fabricated on a flexible substrate, thereby having a curved surface. This enables the realization of electronic devices and lighting devices that have a light-emitting region.

[0425] Furthermore, a light-emitting device using a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to the lighting of automobiles. This allows for, for example, the installation of lighting on the dashboard, windshield, ceiling, etc. can.

[0426] Figure 22(A) shows a perspective view of one side of the multifunction terminal 3500, and Figure 22(B) shows a multi This shows a perspective view of the other side of the functional terminal 3500. The multifunctional terminal 3500 is housed in a casing 350. The display unit 3504, camera 3506, lighting 3508, etc. are incorporated into 2. The light-emitting device of the form can be used for illumination 3508.

[0427] The illumination 3508 functions as a surface light source by using a light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention. Therefore, unlike point light sources such as LEDs, it is possible to obtain light emission with less directionality. When using the lighting 3508 and camera 3506 in combination, the lighting 3508 is turned on. Alternatively, it can be made to blink and imaged by camera 3506. The illumination 3508 is as follows: Because it functions as a surface light source, it can take photos that look like they were taken under natural light. Cut.

[0428] Note that the multi-function terminal 3500 shown in Figures 22(A) and (B) is the same as those shown in Figures 14(A) to 14( Similar to the electronic devices shown in G), they can have a variety of functions.

[0429] Furthermore, inside the housing 3502 are a speaker and sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angle). Speed, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, electric current, Includes functions for measuring voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared radiation. It can have a microphone, etc. Also, inside the multifunction terminal 3500, By providing a detection device that has sensors for detecting tilt, such as gyroscopes and accelerometers, The orientation (portrait or landscape) of the functional terminal 3500 is determined, and the screen display of the display unit 3504 is automatically adjusted. It can be made to switch between modes.

[0430] The display unit 3504 can also function as an image sensor. For example, the display unit 3 By touching the 504 with their palm or fingers, the user can be authenticated by capturing images of their palm print, fingerprints, etc. Furthermore, the display unit 3504 is equipped with a backlight that emits near-infrared light or a sensor that emits near-infrared light. By using a light source for imaging, it is also possible to image finger veins, palmar veins, etc. Note that the display unit 35 A light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention may be applied to 04.

[0431] Figure 22(C) shows a perspective view of the security light 3600. The light 3600 is, The housing 3602 has lighting 3608 on its exterior, and the housing 3602 incorporates a speaker 3610, etc. It is incorporated. A light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention can be used in illumination 3608.

[0432] Light 3600, for example, grips, grasps, or holds Light 3608. It can emit light by doing so. Also, inside the housing 3602, from light 3600 The device may also include an electronic circuit capable of controlling the method of light emission. For example, the electronic circuit may be one Alternatively, the circuit may be designed to emit light intermittently multiple times, or the current value of the light emission may be controlled. This may result in a circuit that allows the amount of light emitted to be adjusted. Also, the light emitted from the lighting 3608 and At the same time, you could incorporate a circuit that outputs a loud alarm sound from speaker 3610. stomach.

[0433] As for the Light 3600, it can emit light in any direction, so for example, against an assailant It can be used to intimidate animals with light, or light and sound. Additionally, the Light 3600 has digital capabilities. It may also be equipped with a camera or other camera-related functions that allow for shooting.

[0434] Figure 23 shows an example in which the light-emitting element is used as an indoor lighting device 8501. Because it can be scaled up to cover a large area, it can also be used to form large-area lighting devices. In addition, curved surfaces By using a housing having the above characteristics, a lighting device 8502 having a curved surface in the light-emitting area can be formed. This is also possible. The light-emitting element shown in this embodiment is a thin film, which allows for a high degree of freedom in the design of the housing. Therefore, lighting devices with various elaborate designs can be created. Furthermore, indoor A large lighting fixture 8503 may be installed on the wall. Also, lighting fixtures 8501, 8502, 8 A touch sensor may be provided in 503 to turn the power on or off.

[0435] Furthermore, by using the light-emitting element on the surface side of the table, it is equipped with the functionality of a table. It can be a lighting device 8504. Furthermore, light-emitting elements can be used in other parts of the furniture. This allows for the creation of a lighting device that also functions as furniture.

[0436] As described above, a lighting device and an electronic device are obtained by applying a light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention. This is possible. The applicable lighting devices and electronic equipment are those shown in this embodiment. It is not limited to that; it can be applied to electronic devices in all fields.

[0437] Furthermore, the configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It is possible to be there. [Examples]

[0438] In this example, one of the organic compounds according to one aspect of the present invention is 3,5-bis[3-(9 H-2-methylcarbazole-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: Me-35DCz) The synthesis method of PPy) (structural formula (100)) and the physical properties of the compound will be described.

[0439] <Synthesis Example 1> 1.5 g (6.4 mmol) of 3,5-dibromopyridine in a 200 mL three-necked flask, 3- (2-methyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenylboronic acid 4.3g (14mmo l) Tri(orthototril)phosphine 0.39g (1.3 mmol), potassium carbonate Add 3.5g (26mmol), 60mL of toluene, 12mL of ethanol, and 6.0mL of water. This mixture was then degassed by stirring under reduced pressure, and the flask was purged with nitrogen. To the mixture, add 58 mg (0.26 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate, and under a nitrogen stream, The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 44 hours. After the predetermined time, extraction was performed with toluene, and silica gel was used. The yellow powder was purified by Lamb chromatography (eluent: toluene). When the end was recrystallized using ethyl acetate, the target product was obtained as a white powder with a yield of 2.0 g and a yield of 54. The result was obtained in %. The synthesis scheme is shown in equation (A-1) below.

[0440] [ka]

[0441] The obtained white powder (2.0 g) was purified by sublimation using the train sublimation method. The process was carried out by heating at a pressure of 2.2 Pa, an argon flow rate of 10 ml / min, and 310°C. Sublimation After purification, 1.2 g of the target substance was obtained as a white solid with a recovery rate of 60%.

[0442] Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the obtained solid ( 1 The analysis data obtained by 1H NMR is shown below. 1 1H NMR (chloroform-d, 300MHz): δ=8.94 (d, J=2.0Hz) , 2H), 8.14(t, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 8.08-8.12(m, 2H), 8.02(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.86(m, 2H), 7.72- 7.77(m, 4H), 7.60-7.67(m, 2H), 7.33-7.44(m, 4 H), 7.27-7.31(m, 2H), 7.20-7.24(m, 2H), 7.10- 7.14 (m, 2H).

[0443] Also, the obtained solid's 1 1H NMR charts are shown in FIGS. 24(A) and 24(B). Incidentally, FIG. 24(B) is an enlarged view of the range from 7.0 ppm to 9.0 ppm in FIG. 24(A). It was found from the measurement results that the target product, Me-35DCzPPy, was obtained. .

[0444] <Properties of Me-35DCzPPy> Next, the Me-35DCzPPy obtained in this example was analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (abbreviated : LC / MS analysis). : LC / MS analysis).

[0445] The LC / MS analysis was performed by using Waters Acquity UPLC for LC (liquid chromatography) separation and Waters Xevo G2 To f MS for MS analysis (mass spectrometry). The column used for LC separation was Acquity UPLC BEH C8 (2.1×100 mm 1.7 μm), and the column temperature was set at 40°C. The mobile phase was such that mobile phase A was acetonitrile and mobile phase B was a 0.1% aqueous formic acid solution. Also, the sample was prepared by dissolving Me-35DCzPPy at an arbitrary concentration in toluene and diluting it with acetonitrile, and the injection volume was set at 5.0 μL. concentration in toluene and diluting it with acetonitrile, and the injection volume was 5.0 μL. The injection volume was 5.0 μL.

[0446] For LC separation, a gradient method of changing the composition of the mobile phase was used. From 0 minutes to 1 minute after the start of measurement, the ratio of mobile phase A:mobile phase B was 65:35, and then the composition was changed so that the ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B at 10 minutes was mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 95:5. The composition was changed linearly. until 1 minute, the ratio of mobile phase A:mobile phase B was 65:35, and then the composition was changed so that the ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B at 10 minutes was mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 95:5. The composition was changed linearly. phase A and mobile phase B was mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 95:5. The composition was changed linearly. changed.

[0447] MS analysis uses electrospray ionization. Ionization was performed using ionization (abbreviated as ESI). The capillary voltage at this time was 3 The sample cone voltage was set to 0kV and 30V, and detection was performed in positive mode. Under the above conditions, the ionized components are collided with argon gas in a collision chamber (collision cell). This caused the product ions to dissociate. The energy used when colliding with argon (collision The energy (in) was set to 70 eV. The mass range measured was m / z = 100 to 1200. Figure 25 shows the results of detecting the dissociated product ions using time-of-flight (TOF) MS. The results are shown.

[0448] From the results in Figure 25, Me-35DCzPPy is mainly around m / z = 574, with 409. Product ions were detected near 180. The results shown in Figure 25 are also included. The results show characteristic results derived from Me-35DCzPPy, indicating a mixture. This data can be considered important for identifying Me-35DCzPPy contained in materials.

[0449] The product ion around m / z=574 is C42H28N3. ·+ (·+ is a radio This represents a cation. ) The methyl group in Me-35DCzPPy has been removed. It is presumed to be a radical cation in its state, and the product ion around m / z=409 is C30. H21N2 ·+ The 2-methylcarbazole in Me-35DCzPPy, represented by [the formula shown], It is presumed to be a radical cation in an detached state, and the product ion around m / z=180 is C13H10N ·+Represented by 2-methylcarbazol in Me-35DCzPPy, It is presumed to be a radical cation of 2-methylcarbazole, and Me-35DCzPPy is 2-methylcarbazole This suggests that it contains a skeleton. Furthermore, as a proton addition and detachment product, There is a possibility that a loduct ion of ±1 may be detected.

[0450] Next, the absorption and emission spectra of Me-35DCzPPy in toluene solution. Figure 26 shows this. Figure 27 also shows the absorption and emission spectra of the thin film. The film was fabricated on a quartz substrate using vacuum deposition. For measuring the absorption spectrum of the toluene solution, A UV-Vis spectrophotometer (V550 model, manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used. Only toluene was used in the quartz solution. The absorption spectrum of toluene measured in a container was obtained using Me-35DCzPPy in toluene solution. By subtracting it from the absorption spectrum of the liquid, the absorption spectrum of the Me-35DCzPPy solution shown in Figure 26 can be obtained. The absorption spectrum was obtained. Furthermore, a spectrophotometer (Hitachi Corporation) was used to measure the absorption spectrum of the thin film. A High Technologies U4100 spectrophotometer was used. Emission spectra were also measured. A fluorescence spectrometer (FS920, manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Ltd.) was used for this purpose.

[0451] As shown in Figure 26, the toluene solution of Me-35DCzPPy absorbs at approximately 323 nm and 338 nm. A peak is observed, and similarly, from Figure 26, the peak emission wavelength is 373 nm (excitation wavelength 333 nm). The wavelength was 210 nm. Also, from Figure 27, the thin film of Me-35DCzPPy was 24 nm. Absorption peaks are observed around 3nm, 295nm, 326nm, and 338nm, similarly shown in Figure 27. Furthermore, the emission wavelength peaks are observed around 350 nm and 382 nm (excitation wavelength 300 nm). Therefore, Me-35DCzPPy, which is one aspect of the present invention, emits light, and is used as a light-emitting material. It was found that it can also be used.

[0452] Furthermore, the phosphorescence spectrum of a Me-35DCzPPy thin film was measured, and the T1 level was determined. For this, a micro-PL device, LabRAM HR-PL (Horiba, Ltd.), was used to measure temperature. The temperature is 10K, a He-Cd laser (325nm) is used as the excitation light, and a CCD is used as the detector. A detector was used. The first peak on the short-wavelength side of this phosphorescence was 451 nm (2.75 eV). It was found to have a high T1 level and to be suitable as a host for blue phosphorescent central material. Ta. [Examples]

[0453] In this embodiment, an example of fabricating a light-emitting element containing an organic compound according to one aspect of the present invention, and the light-emitting element The characteristics of this device will be explained. A cross-sectional view of the device structure fabricated in this embodiment is shown in Figure 28. The detailed structure of the device is shown in Tables 2 and 3. The structures and abbreviations of the compounds used are also shown below. For other organic compounds, please refer to the previous examples and Embodiment 1.

[0454] In this embodiment, light-emitting elements 1 to 6 are fabricated, and light-emitting element 1 contains a host material for the light-emitting layer and Furthermore, only 35DCzPPy is used as the electron transport layer, and light-emitting elements 2 to 6 emit light. 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCz are used as deposition sources for the host material and electron transport layer material of the layer. PPy was used for each element. 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy were used for each element. The mixing ratios are as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0455] In this embodiment, 35DCzPPy and Me-35D were used as the host material and electron transport layer material. The physical properties of CzPPy are shown in Table 4. The physical properties show only small differences in the HOMO levels. ru.

[0456] [ka]

[0457] [Table 2]

[0458] [Table 3]

[0459] [Table 4]

[0460] <Fabrication of light-emitting elements> <<Fabrication of light-emitting elements 1 to 6>> An ITSO film was formed on a glass substrate as electrode 101, with a thickness of 70 nm. The electrode area of ​​electrode 101 is 4 mm². 2 (2mm x 2mm)

[0461] Next, a hole injection layer 111 is placed on electrode 101, and 1,3,5-tri(dibenzothiophenate) (DBT3P-II)benzene (abbreviation: DBT3P-II) and MoO3 are mixed in a weight ratio (DBT3P-II). The 3P-II:MoO3 ratio is set to 1:0.5, and the thickness is set to 20 nm. It was vapor-deposited.

[0462] Next, on the hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112 is added, which is 9-phenyl-9H-3-(9 -Phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)carbazole (abbreviation: PCCP) is thick The film was deposited to a wavelength of 20 nm.

[0463] Next, on the hole transport layer 112, a light-emitting layer 160(1) is formed using PCCP and 35DCzPP. y, Me-35DCzPPy and Tris{2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2 ,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl-κN 2 ]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpptz-diPrp)3 The weight ratio should be 1:0.3 × (1-x):0.3x:0.06, and the thickness should be 30n. Co-deposited to form m, and then as the light-emitting layer 160(2), the weight ratio (35DCzPPy :Me-35DCzPPy:Ir(mpptz-diPrp)3) is 1-x:x:0.0 Co-deposited so that the number of layers was 6 and the thickness was 10 nm. Note that the light-emitting layer 160(1 In the ) and light-emitting layer 160(2), Ir(mpptz-diPrp)3 exhibits phosphorescence. This is a guest material. Note that the value of x differs depending on each light-emitting element. The values ​​of x are shown in Table 3.

[0464] Next, on the light-emitting layer 160(2), a first electron transport layer 118(1) is provided, which is 35DCzP Py:Me-35DCzPPy with a weight ratio of 1-x:x and a thickness of 10nm Co-deposited in such a manner. Subsequently, a second electron transport layer was deposited on the first electron transport layer 118(1). As 118(2), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPhen) is applied to a film thickness of 15 nm. The deposition was carried out as shown. Note that the value of x differs for each light-emitting element, and the x value for each light-emitting element is The values ​​are shown in Table 3.

[0465] Next, on the second electron transport layer 118(2), lithium fluoride is added as an electron injection layer 119. LiF was deposited to a thickness of 1 nm.

[0466] Next, on the electron injection layer 119, an electrode 102 made of aluminum (Al) with a thickness of 20 It was formed to have a wavelength of 0 nm.

[0467] Next, the glove box is sealed using an organic EL sealing material in a nitrogen atmosphere. By fixing the glass substrate for this purpose to the glass substrate on which the organic material is formed, the light-emitting element 1 to 6 was sealed. Specifically, a sealing material was applied around the organic material on the glass substrate on which the organic material was formed. The substrate is coated, and the substrate and a glass substrate for sealing are bonded together, and ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365 nm is applied. Light at 6 J / cm 2 The light-emitting element 1 was irradiated and heat-treated at 80°C for 1 hour. A light-emitting element 6 was obtained.

[0468] <Characteristics of light-emitting elements> Next, the characteristics of the fabricated light-emitting elements 1 to 6 were measured. Brightness and CIE chromaticity were measured. For the measurement, a colorimeter (Topcon BM-5A) was used to measure the field emission spectrum. A multi-channel spectrometer (Hamamatsu Photonics, PMA-11) was used for this purpose.

[0469] Figure 29 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting elements 1 to 6. Also, the luminance-voltage characteristics are shown. The properties are shown in Figure 30. Furthermore, the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics are shown in Figure 31. Note that each light-emitting element... The measurements were taken at room temperature (in an atmosphere maintained at 23°C).

[0470] Also, 1000 cd / m² 2 Table 5 shows the element characteristics of light-emitting elements 1 to 6 in the vicinity. This will be shown.

[0471] [Table 5]

[0472] Furthermore, the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 have a current of 2.5 mA / cm². 2 When current flows at this current density Figure 32 shows the field emission spectrum.

[0473] As shown in Figures 29 to 32 and Table 3, the external quantum efficiency of light-emitting elements 1 to 6 is The maximum values ​​for each were 26% or more, and light-emitting elements 1 to 6 each had very high outward values. The partial quantum efficiency was shown. In particular, the light-emitting element 1 in which the content of Me-35DCzPPy is 0 The external quantum efficiency showed particularly high values.

[0474] Furthermore, as shown in Table 5, light-emitting elements 1 to 6 each have a light intensity of 1000 cd / m². 2 Nearby: 4.6V The following blue phosphorescent element exhibited a low driving voltage and good power efficiency: 35DCzPP No significant difference in drive voltage was observed depending on the mixing ratio of y and Me-35DCzPPy.

[0475] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 32, the electroluminescence spectra of light-emitting elements 1 to 6 are 474n It has spectral peaks around m and 501 nm, with a full width at half maximum of approximately 68 nm. Therefore, light-emitting elements 1 to 6 emitted light in a light blue color. 35DCzPPy and Me- No significant differences were observed in the electroluminescence spectra at different mixing ratios of 35DCzPPy.

[0476] <Reliability of light-emitting elements> Next, the 2.5 mA / cm² of light-emitting elements 1 to 6. 2 A constant current drive test was conducted. The results are shown in Figure 33. As can be seen from Figure 33, the degradation curve of light-emitting elements 1 to 4 The lines are almost identical, and their brightness half-life is consistently good, at approximately 500 hours. It was found that, on the other hand, in light-emitting elements 5 and 6, Me- The higher the ratio of 35DCzPPy in the element, the shorter the half-life of its brightness, and the light-emitting element 1 Compared to light-emitting element 4, the brightness half-life is shorter. That is, the Me- in the light-emitting element Up to 10% of the 35DCzPPy content, there is no significant difference in reliability. Although not observed, it has been found that when the value exceeds 10%, it affects the reliability of the light-emitting element. This is because the hydrogen atom transfer reaction described above had an effect on the content of Me-35DCzPPy. This is thought to be because the effect on CzPPy becomes apparent at concentrations greater than 10%.

[0477] Therefore, the content of organic compounds in which hydrogen atoms in the carbazole skeleton are replaced by alkyl groups. Reducing the amount of host material to less than 10% is necessary to obtain a light-emitting element with good reliability. It was shown to be suitable for [the purpose]. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0478] 50 Adhesive layer 51 Adhesive layer 52 Adhesive layer 100 EL layer 101 Electrode 102 electrode 106 Light-emitting unit 108 Light-emitting units 110 Light-emitting unit 111 Hole injection layer 112 Hole transport layer 113 Electron transport layer 114 Electron injection layer 115 Charge generation layer 116 Hole injection layer 117 Hole transport layer 118 Electron transport layer 119 Electron injection layer 130 Emitting layer 131 Host Materials 131_1 Organic compounds 131_2 Organic compounds 132 Guest Materials 140 Emitting layer 141 Host Materials 141_1 Organic compounds 141_2 Organic compounds 142 Guest Materials 150 light-emitting elements 160 Emitting layer 170 Emitting layer 200 circuit boards 201 Resin layer 202 Resin layer 220 circuit boards 252 Light-emitting element 300 display device 311 Electrode 311b electrode 340 LCD buttons 351 circuit board 360 light-emitting elements 360b light-emitting element 360g light-emitting element 360r light-emitting element 360W light-emitting element 361 circuit boards 362 Display section 364 Circuit section 365 Wiring 366 Circuit section 367 Wiring 372 FPC 373 IC 374 FPC 375 IC 400 display device 401 Transistors 402 transistors 403 Transistors 405 Capacitive element 406 Connection part 410 pixels 411 Insulating layer 412 Insulating layer 413 Insulating layer 414 Insulating layer 415 Insulating layer 416 Spacer 417 Adhesive layer 419 Connecting Layer 421 Electrode 422 EL layer 423 Electrode 424 Optical adjustment layer 425 Colored layer 426 Light blocking layer 451 Aperture 476 Insulating layer 478 Insulating layer 501 Transistors 503 Transistors 505 Capacitive element 506 Connection part 511 Insulating layer 512 Insulating layer 513 Insulating layer 514 Insulating layer 517 Adhesive layer 519 Connecting Layer 529 liquid crystal elements 543 Connector 562 Electrode 563 LCD 564a Alignment film 564b oriented film 576 Insulating layer 578 Insulating layer 599 Polarizing plate 601 Source-side drive circuit 602 pixel section 603 Gate-side drive circuit 604 Sealing substrate 605 Sealant 607 Space 608 Wiring 610 element substrate 611 Switching TFT 613 Electrode 614 Insulators 616 EL layer 617 Electrode 618 Light-emitting element 623 n-channel TFT 624 p-channel TFT 700 Display Panel 701 Resin layer 702 Resin layer 800 Display Panel 900 Electronic equipment 901a enclosure 901b enclosure 902 Display section 903 Hinge 910 Electronic equipment 911a enclosure 911b enclosure 912 Display section 913 Hinge 914a Operation Buttons 914b Operation Buttons 915 Cartridge 920 Electronic equipment 921a enclosure 921b enclosure 922 Display section 923 Hinge 1001 circuit board 1002 Underlying insulating film 1003 Gate Insulator 10:06 Guard Station 1007 🙏 1008 Gate 1020 Interlayer insulating film 1021 Interlayer insulating film 1022 Electrode 1024B Electrode 1024G electrode 1024R electrode 1024W electrode 1025B Lower electrode 1025G bottom electrode 1025R lower electrode 1025W bottom electrode 1026 Bulkhead 1028 EL layer 1029 Electrode 1031 Sealing substrate 1032 Sealant 1033 Base material 1034B Colored layer 1034G colored layer 1034R colored layer 1036 Overcoat layer 1037 Interlayer insulating film 1040 pixel section 1041 Drive circuit section 1042 Peripheral area 3000 Light-emitting devices 3001 circuit board 3003 circuit board 3005 Light-emitting element 3007 Sealing area 3009 Sealing area 3011 area 3013 area 3014 area 3015 circuit board 3016 circuit board 3018 Desiccant 3500 Multifunctional Terminals 3502 enclosure 3504 Display section 3506 Camera 3508 Lighting 3600 Lights 3602 enclosure 3608 Lighting 3610 speaker 6000 Display Module 6001 Top cover 6002 Lower cover 6005 FPC 6006 Display Panel 6009 Frame 6010 Printed Circuit Board 6011 Battery 6015 Light-emitting part 6016 Light receiving section 6017a Light guiding part 6017b Light guiding part 6018 light 7121 enclosure 7122 Display section 7123 Keyboard 7124 Pointing device 7200 Head-Mounted Display 7201 Mounting part 7202 Lens 7203 Main Unit 7204 Display section 7205 Cable 7206 Battery 7300 Camera 7301 enclosure 7302 Display section 7303 Operation Buttons 7304 Shutter button 7305 Joint 7306 Lens 7400 Finder 7401 enclosure 7402 Display section 7403 button 7500 Head-Mounted Displays 7501 enclosure 7502 Display section 7503 Operation Buttons 7504 Fixtures 7505 lens 7510 Head-Mounted Display 7701 enclosure 7702 Casing 7703 Display section 7704 Operation Keys 7705 Lens 7706 Connection part 8501 Lighting device 8502 Lighting device 8503 Lighting device 8504 Lighting device 9000 cabinets 9001 Display section 9003 Speaker 9005 Operation Keys 9006 Connection terminal 9007 Sensor 9008 Microphone 9050 Operation Buttons 9051 Information 9052 Information 9053 Information 9054 Information 9055 Hinge 9100 Mobile Information Terminal 9101 Mobile Information Terminal 9102 Mobile Information Terminal 9200 Mobile Information Terminal 9201 Mobile Information Terminal 9300 Television equipment 9301 Stand 9311 Remote Control Unit 9500 display device 9501 Display Panel 9502 Display area 9503 area 9511 Shaft 9512 Bearing section 9700 automobiles 9701 Car body 9702 wheels 9703 Dashboard 9704 Light 9710 Display section 9711 Display section 9712 Display section 9713 Display section 9714 Display section 9715 Display section 9721 Display section 9722 Display section 9723 Display section

Claims

1. A light-emitting layer is provided between a pair of electrodes. The light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group-substituted compound, and a phosphorescent compound. The first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton. The T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound. The hydrocarbon group-substituted compound is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group-substituted material is greater than 0 and 0.1 or less by weight relative to the first organic compound (except in cases where the proportion of CH groups in the hydrocarbon group-substituted material in the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group-substituted material is 70 ppm or less).

2. The device has a light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer between a pair of electrodes. The light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group-substituted compound, and a phosphorescent compound. The electron transport layer comprises the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substituted product. The first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton. The T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound. The hydrocarbon group-substituted compound is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group-substituted material is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in weight ratio to the first organic compound.

3. A light-emitting layer is provided between a pair of electrodes. The light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group-substituted compound, a second organic compound, and a phosphorescent compound. The first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton. The T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound. The T1 level of the second organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound. The hydrocarbon group-substituted compound is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The second organic compound has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton, A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group-substituted material is greater than 0 and 0.1 or less by weight relative to the first organic compound (except in cases where the proportion of CH groups in the hydrocarbon group-substituted material in the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group-substituted material is 70 ppm or less).

4. The device has a light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer between a pair of electrodes. The light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group-substituted compound, a second organic compound, and a phosphorescent compound. The electron transport layer comprises the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substituted product. The first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton. The T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound. The T1 level of the second organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound. The hydrocarbon group-substituted compound is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The second organic compound has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton, A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group-substituted material is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in weight ratio to the first organic compound.

5. In claim 3 or claim 4, A light-emitting element in which the first organic compound and the second organic compound are a combination that forms an excited complex.

6. A light-emitting device using a light-emitting element according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. An electronic device using the light-emitting device described in claim 6.

8. A lighting device using the light-emitting device described in claim 6.

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