Dispersion, resin composition, interlayer for laminated glass, and laminated glass

Abstract

Provided is a dispersion with which the transparency and heat shielding properties of an obtained interlayer film for a laminated glass can be improved, when a dispersion-containing material is used as a material of an interlayer film for a laminated glass.　A dispersion according to the present invention includes: tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one configuration among a first configuration (when the sum of the integrated intensities of the peaks in a wide-angle X-ray scattering is It, and the integrated intensity of the peak of (222) plane is I0, I0 / It is less than 0.380), a second configuration (when the integrated intensity of the peak of (222) plane in a wide-angle X-ray scattering is I0, and the integrated intensity of the peak of (622) plane is Ia, Ia / I0 is at least 0.31), and a third configuration (when the integrated intensity of the peak of (222) plane in a wide-angle X-ray scattering is I0, and the integrated intensity of the peak of (440) plane is Ib, Ib / I0 is at least 0.41); and a dispersion medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a dispersion liquid in which tin-doped indium oxide particles are dispersed, and a resin composition containing the above dispersion liquid. The present invention also relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass containing tin-doped indium oxide particles, and laminated glass using the above interlayer film for laminated glass.

Background Art

[0002] Laminated glass has a small amount of scattered glass fragments even when damaged by an external impact, and is excellent in safety. Therefore, laminated glass is widely used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, and the like. Laminated glass is manufactured by sandwiching an interlayer film between a pair of glass plates.

[0003] Infrared rays with a wavelength of 780 nm or more, which is longer than visible light, have a smaller amount of energy compared to ultraviolet rays. However, infrared rays have a large thermal effect, and when infrared rays are absorbed by a substance, they are released as heat. Therefore, infrared rays are generally called heat rays. Therefore, in order to enhance the heat insulation property of laminated glass, it is necessary to sufficiently block infrared rays.

[0004] In order to effectively block the above infrared rays (heat rays), Patent Document 1 below discloses an interlayer film containing tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) or antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] With conventional interlayers containing tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), it is difficult to improve both transparency and heat shielding properties.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a dispersion that can enhance the transparency and heat shielding properties of a laminated glass interlayer when a material containing a dispersion is used as the interlayer material for laminated glass. Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass interlayer that can enhance transparency and heat shielding properties. Furthermore, the present invention also aims to provide a resin composition using the above dispersion and laminated glass using the above laminated glass interlayer. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A broader aspect of the present invention provides a dispersion comprising tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the following first, second, and third configurations, and a dispersion medium.

[0009] First configuration: The sum of the integrated intensities of the peaks in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I t Let I0 be the integral intensity of the peak on the (222) plane. t The value is less than 0.380.

[0010] Second configuration: The integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is defined as I0, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the (622) plane is defined as I a When that happens, I a / I0 is 0.31 or greater.

[0011] Third configuration: The integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I0, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the (440) plane is I b When that happens, I b / I0 is 0.41 or greater.

[0012] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the first configuration.

[0013] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the second configuration.

[0014] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the third configuration.

[0015] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise at least two of the first, second, and third configurations.

[0016] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration.

[0017] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the dispersion contains a plasticizer.

[0018] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the plasticizer is an organic ester plasticizer.

[0019] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the dispersion medium contains an organic solvent, and the organic solvent contains an alcohol.

[0020] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the alcohol is a monohydric alcohol or a dihydric alcohol.

[0021] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the dispersion contains a dispersion stabilizer.

[0022] In a particular aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the dispersion stabilizer is a sulfate ester compound, a phosphate ester compound, ricinoleic acid, polyricinoleic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a polyhydric alcohol-type surfactant.

[0023] In a specific aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the average particle diameter of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

[0024] In a specific aspect of the dispersion according to the present invention, the lattice constant of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 10.11 Å or more and 10.16 Å or less.

[0025] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a resin composition including the above-described dispersion and a thermoplastic resin.

[0026] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as an interlayer film) including a layer formed from the above-described resin composition.

[0027] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as an interlayer film) including a layer X including at least one of the following first configuration, the following second configuration, and the following third configuration, and a thermoplastic resin.

[0028] First configuration: Let the sum of the integrated intensities of the peaks in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles be I t and when the integrated intensity of the peak of the (222) plane is I0, I0 / I t is less than 0.380.

[0029] Second configuration: When the integrated intensity of the peak of the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I0 and the integrated intensity of the peak of the (622) plane is I a then I a / I0 is 0.31 or more.

[0030] Third configuration: When the integrated intensity of the peak of the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I0 and the integrated intensity of the peak of the (440) plane is I b then I b / I0 is 0.41 or greater.

[0031] In a particular aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the first configuration.

[0032] In a particular aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the second configuration.

[0033] In a particular aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the third configuration.

[0034] In a particular aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise at least two of the first, second, and third configurations.

[0035] In a particular aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration.

[0036] In a specific aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the content of the tin-doped indium oxide particles in layer X is 0.1 parts by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in layer X.

[0037] In a particular aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the layer X contains a plasticizer.

[0038] In a specific aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the plasticizer is an organic ester plasticizer.

[0039] In a specific aspect of the interfilm according to the present invention, the content of the plasticizer in layer X is 20 parts by weight or more and 60 parts by weight or less, relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in layer X.

[0040] In a specific surface of the interfilm according to the present invention, the average particle size of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

[0041] In a specific plane of the interfilm according to the present invention, the crystal lattice constant of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 10.11 Å or more and 10.16 Å or less.

[0042] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, a laminated glass is provided comprising a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-described interlayer for laminated glass, wherein the interlayer for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. [Effects of the Invention]

[0043] The dispersion according to the present invention comprises tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the first, second, and third components described above, and a dispersion medium. Because the dispersion according to the present invention has the above components, when a material containing the dispersion is used as a material for a laminated glass interlayer, the transparency and heat shielding properties of the resulting laminated glass interlayer can be improved.

[0044] The interlayer according to the present invention comprises a layer X containing tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the first, second, and third configurations described above, and a thermoplastic resin. Because the interlayer according to the present invention has the above configuration, transparency and heat shielding properties can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0045] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an interlayer for laminated glass according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an interlayer for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown in Figure 1. [Figure 4]Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown in Figure 2. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows the measurement data of tin-doped indium oxide particles used in the example in wide-angle X-ray scattering. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0046] The details of the present invention will be described below.

[0047] The dispersion according to the present invention comprises tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the following first, second, and third configurations, and a dispersion medium.

[0048] The interlayer for laminated glass according to the present invention (which may be abbreviated as "interlayer" in this specification) comprises a layer X containing tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the following first, second, and third configurations, and a thermoplastic resin.

[0049] First configuration: The sum of the integrated intensities of the peaks in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I t Let I0 be the integral intensity of the peak on the (222) plane. t The value is less than 0.380.

[0050] Second configuration: Let I0 be the integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles described above, and let I be the integrated intensity of the peak in the (622) plane. a When that happens, I a / I0 is 0.31 or greater.

[0051] Third configuration: Let I0 be the integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles described above, and let I be the integrated intensity of the peak in the (440) plane. b When that happens, I b / I0 is 0.41 or greater.

[0052] The dispersion according to the present invention has the above configuration, so when a material containing the dispersion is used as a material for an interlayer for laminated glass, the transparency and heat shielding properties of the resulting interlayer can be improved. The material containing the dispersion used as the interlayer is, for example, a resin composition containing the dispersion and a thermoplastic resin. The dispersion according to the present invention, when the resin composition is used as a material for an interlayer, the transparency and heat shielding properties of the resulting interlayer can be improved.

[0053] The interlayer according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, which allows for improved transparency and heat shielding properties.

[0054] Conventional interlayers containing tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) make it difficult to improve both the transparency and heat shielding properties of the interlayer. The inventors have discovered that differences in the crystallinity of the ITO particles alter the transparency and heat shielding properties of the interlayer. In the present invention, since ITO particles with a specific configuration are used, it is possible to improve both the transparency and heat shielding properties of the interlayer.

[0055] (Tin-doped indium oxide particles) The dispersion according to the present invention comprises tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the first, second, and third components described above. The interlayer according to the present invention comprises a layer X containing tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the first, second, and third components described above.

[0056] Hereinafter, in this specification, tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the first, second, and third configurations described above may be referred to as "ITO particles (X)".

[0057] Therefore, the dispersion contains ITO particles (X). The interlayer contains ITO particles (X). The interlayer comprises a layer containing ITO particles (X). The interlayer comprises a layer (layer X) containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin. When the interlayer is a multilayer interlayer, it comprises at least one layer containing ITO particles (X).

[0058] The sum of the integrated peak intensities in wide-angle X-ray scattering of ITO particles. t , Integrated intensity I0 of the peak on the (222) plane, Integrated intensity I of the peak on the (622) plane a , the integrated intensity of the peak on the (440) plane I b It is measured under the following conditions:

[0059] Tube:Cu tube Tube voltage: 40kV Tube current: 40mA Measurement method: Concentration method X-ray diffraction method: θ-2θ method

[0060] ITO particles (X) can be obtained, for example, as follows:

[0061] An aqueous solution containing indium chloride and a small amount of tin chloride aqueous salt is reacted with an alkali to coprecipitate indium hydroxide and tin hydroxide. This coprecipitate is then heated and calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere from which oxygen has been removed to convert it into an oxide. In this way, ITO particles (X) can be produced.

[0062] The ITO particle (X) may preferably have the first configuration, the second configuration, or the third configuration. The ITO particle (X) may have only the first configuration, only the second configuration, or only the third configuration.

[0063] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, it is preferable that the ITO particles (X) comprise at least two of the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration described above. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention even more effectively, it is preferable that the ITO particles (X) comprise the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration described above.

[0064] An ITO particle (X) having the above-described first configuration has a total integrated intensity of peaks in wide-angle X-ray scattering of the ITO particle. t Let I0 be the integral intensity of the peak on the (222) plane. t (I0 of I t These are ITO particles whose ratio to is less than 0.380.

[0065] In an ITO particle (X) having the above first configuration, the integrated intensity ratio (I0 / I t The integral intensity ratio (I0 / I) is preferably 0.300 or higher, more preferably 0.330 or higher, even more preferably 0.360 or higher, and preferably 0.379 or lower. t The effects of the present invention can be exhibited more effectively when the integral intensity ratio (I0 / I) is greater than or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to the upper limit. In an ITO particle (X) having the second configuration or the third configuration, t ) may be 0.420 or less, or 0.400 or less.

[0066] In the ITO particle (X) having the second configuration described above, the integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the ITO particle is I0, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the (622) plane is I a When that happens, I a / I0(I a These are ITO particles whose ratio to I0 is 0.31 or greater.

[0067] In the ITO particle (X) having the second configuration described above, the integrated intensity ratio (I aThe integral intensity ratio (I0) is preferably 0.310 or higher, more preferably 0.320 or higher, even more preferably 0.330 or higher, preferably 0.360 or lower, more preferably 0.350 or lower, and even more preferably 0.340 or lower. a When / I0) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0068] In the ITO particle (X) having the third configuration described above, the integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the ITO particle is I0, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the (440) plane is I b When that happens, I b / I0(I b These are ITO particles whose ratio to I0 is 0.41 or greater.

[0069] In the ITO particle (X) having the above third configuration, the integrated intensity ratio (I b The integral intensity ratio (I0) is preferably 0.410 or higher, preferably 0.440 or lower, more preferably 0.430 or lower, and even more preferably 0.420 or lower. b When the integral intensity ratio (I0) is greater than or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively. In an ITO particle (X) having the first configuration or the second configuration, the integral intensity ratio (I b / I0) may be 0.390 or greater, or 0.400 or greater.

[0070] The average particle size of the ITO particles (X) contained in the above dispersion is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 90 nm or less. If the average particle size is above the lower limit, the heat shielding performance of the resulting interlayer film will be sufficiently high. If the average particle size is below the upper limit, the dispersibility of the ITO particles (X) will be high. If the average particle size is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, both the transparency and heat shielding performance of the resulting interlayer film can be further improved.

[0071] The average particle diameter of the ITO particles (X) contained in the above layer X is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 90 nm or less. If the above average particle diameter is above the lower limit, the heat shielding performance will be sufficiently high. If the above average particle diameter is below the upper limit, the dispersibility of the ITO particles (X) will be high. If the above average particle diameter is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, both transparency and heat shielding performance can be further enhanced.

[0072] The "average particle diameter" mentioned above refers to the volume-average particle diameter. The average particle diameter of ITO particles (X) can be measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (for example, HORIBA's "LB-550" and "SZ-100").

[0073] Preferably, the ITO particles (X) include first tin-doped indium oxide particles (first ITO particles (X)) with an average particle diameter of 5 nm or more and less than 60 nm, and second tin-doped indium oxide particles (second ITO particles (X)) with an average particle diameter of 60 nm or more and 100 nm or less. In this case, the blue scattering due to Rayleigh scattering caused by the small average particle diameter of the ITO particles (X) is effectively suppressed, and the haze can be improved. Furthermore, although the durability of the interlayer may be impaired when the average particle diameter of the ITO particles (X) is small, the durability of the interlayer can be improved by using ITO particles (X) with a larger average particle diameter.

[0074] In the volume-based particle size distribution of ITO particles (X), it is preferable that there are two or more peaks in the region where the particle diameter is 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less. In the volume-based particle size distribution of ITO particles (X), it is more preferable that there are two or more peaks in the region where the particle diameter is 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and at least one of these two or more peaks is in the region where the particle diameter is 5 nm or more and less than 60 nm. In the volume-based particle size distribution of ITO particles (X), it is more preferable that there are two or more peaks in the region where the particle diameter is 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and at least one of these two or more peaks is in the region where the particle diameter is 60 nm or more and 100 nm or less. In these cases, blue scattering due to Rayleigh scattering caused by the small average particle diameter of ITO particles (X) can be effectively suppressed, and haze can be improved. Furthermore, although the durability of the interlayer may be impaired when the average particle diameter of ITO particles (X) is small, the durability of the interlayer can be improved by using ITO particles (X) with a large average particle diameter.

[0075] In the above layer X, the content of ITO particles (X) with a particle diameter of 50 nm or more is preferably 5 particles / μm 2 More preferably, 0.1 particles / μm 2 The following applies. In this case, the blue scattering due to Rayleigh scattering caused by the small average particle size of the ITO particles (X) is effectively suppressed, and the haze can be improved. Also, although the durability of the interlayer may be impaired when the average particle size of the ITO particles (X) is small, the durability of the interlayer can be improved by using ITO particles (X) with a large average particle size. In the above layer X, the content of ITO particles (X) with a particle size of 50 nm or more is 0 particles / μm 2 It may be 0 particles / μm 2 It's okay to exceed it.

[0076] Content of ITO particles (X) with a particle size of 50 nm or larger (particles / μm 2 ) can be measured by observing layer X with an electron microscope (TEM).

[0077] The crystal lattice constant of the ITO particles (X) contained in the above dispersion is preferably 10.11 Å or higher, and preferably 10.16 Å or lower. When the crystal lattice constant is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, both the transparency and heat shielding properties of the resulting interlayer can be further enhanced.

[0078] The crystal lattice constant of the ITO particles (X) contained in the above layer X is preferably 10.11 Å or higher, and preferably 10.16 Å or lower. When the above crystal lattice constant is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, both transparency and heat shielding properties can be further enhanced.

[0079] The crystal lattice constant of ITO particles (X) can be determined by measuring X-ray diffraction.

[0080] In 100% by weight of the above dispersion, the content of ITO particles (X) is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 20% by weight or more, even more preferably 30% by weight or more, preferably 75% by weight or less, more preferably 60% by weight or less, and even more preferably 45% by weight or less. When the content of ITO particles (X) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, both the transparency and heat shielding properties of the resulting interlayer film can be further enhanced.

[0081] In 100% by weight of the above layer X, the content of ITO particles (X) is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.5% by weight or more, still more preferably 1% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 1.5% by weight or more. In 100% by weight of the above layer X, the content of ITO particles (X) is preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, still more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less, and most preferably 3% by weight or less. When the content of ITO particles (X) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, both transparency and heat shielding properties can be further enhanced.

[0082] With respect to 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin in the above layer X, the content of ITO particles (X) in the above layer X is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, preferably 10 parts by weight or less, more preferably 6 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 3 parts by weight or less. When the content of ITO particles (X) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, both transparency and heat shielding properties can be further enhanced.

[0083] (Plasticizer) The above dispersion preferably contains a plasticizer. In the above dispersion, the plasticizer may also act as a dispersion medium. The above interlayer preferably contains a plasticizer. The above layer X preferably contains a plasticizer. The first layer, described later, may or may not contain a plasticizer. The second layer, described later, may or may not contain a plasticizer. The third layer, described later, may or may not contain a plasticizer.

[0084] The plasticizer described above is not particularly limited. Conventionally known plasticizers can be used as the plasticizer. Only one type of plasticizer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0085] Examples of the above-mentioned plasticizers include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic phosphate plasticizers, and organic phosphite plasticizers. The above-mentioned plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer. The above-mentioned plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.

[0086] Examples of the monobasic organic acid esters mentioned above include glycol esters obtained by the reaction of glycol with a monobasic organic acid. Examples of the glycols mentioned above include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol. Examples of the monobasic organic acids mentioned above include butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, n-nonylic acid, decyl acid, and benzoic acid.

[0087] Examples of the above-mentioned polybasic organic acid esters include ester compounds of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure with 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the above-mentioned polybasic organic acids include adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid.

[0088] The above organic ester plasticizers include dihexyl adipate, tetraethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, tetraethylene glycol-di-heptanoate, triethylene glycol-di-heptanoate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol-di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol-di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol-di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4- Examples include butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexylcyclohexyl adipate, a mixture of heptyl adipate and nonyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified alkyd sebacate, and a mixture of phosphate esters and adipate esters. Other organic ester plasticizers may also be used as the above-mentioned organic ester plasticizers. Other adipic acid esters besides the adipic acid esters mentioned above may be used as the organic ester plasticizer.

[0089] Examples of the above-mentioned organic phosphate plasticizers include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, and triisopropyl phosphate.

[0090] The above plasticizer is preferably a diester plasticizer represented by the following formula (1).

[0091] [ka]

[0092] In formula (1) above, R1 and R2 each represent an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents an ethylene group, an isopropylene group, or an n-propylene group, and p represents an integer from 3 to 10. Preferably, R1 and R2 in formula (1) above are organic groups having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably are organic groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. In formula (1) above, R1 and R2 may be the same or different.

[0093] The above plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer. The above plasticizer preferably contains dihexyl adipate, tetraethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, tetraethylene glycol-di-heptanoate, triethylene glycol-di-heptanoate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethyl butyrate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, or tetraethylene glycol-di-2-ethyl butyrate.

[0094] The above plasticizer more preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate (3GH), or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate. The above plasticizer is even more preferably containing triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate (3GH), and particularly preferably containing triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).

[0095] In 100% by weight of the above dispersion, the content of the plasticizer is preferably 15% by weight or more, more preferably 25% by weight or more, even more preferably 35% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or less, more preferably 80% by weight or less, and even more preferably 70% by weight or less. If the content of the plasticizer is above the lower limit, the flexibility of the resulting interlayer film increases, making it easier to handle. If the content of the plasticizer is below the upper limit, the puncture resistance of the laminated glass increases even further.

[0096] In a resin composition comprising the above dispersion and a thermoplastic resin, the content of the plasticizer per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 15 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 35 parts by weight or more, preferably 80 parts by weight or less, more preferably 65 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 50 parts by weight or less. If the content of the plasticizer is above the lower limit, the flexibility of the resulting interlayer film increases, making it easier to handle. If the content of the plasticizer is below the upper limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass increases even further.

[0097] The amount of the plasticizer in the layer containing the plasticizer is preferably 20 parts by weight or more, more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, preferably 60 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 50 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin in the layer containing the plasticizer. If the amount of the plasticizer is above the lower limit, the flexibility of the interlayer increases, making it easier to handle. If the amount of the plasticizer is below the upper limit, the puncture resistance of the laminated glass increases even further.

[0098] The amount of the plasticizer in layer X is preferably 20 parts by weight or more, more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, preferably 60 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 50 parts by weight or less, relative to 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin in layer X. If the amount of the plasticizer is above the lower limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film increases, making it easier to handle. If the amount of the plasticizer is below the upper limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass increases even further.

[0099] (Organic solvents) The above dispersion preferably contains an organic solvent. In the above dispersion, the organic solvent plays the role of a dispersion medium. Therefore, it is preferable that the dispersion medium contains the organic solvent. The above interlayer may or may not contain an organic solvent. The above layer X may or may not contain an organic solvent. When a resin composition containing the above dispersion is used as the material for the interlayer, the organic solvent usually evaporates mostly or completely during molding. Therefore, layer X contains little or no organic solvent. The first layer, described later, may or may not contain an organic solvent. The second layer, described later, may or may not contain an organic solvent. The third layer, described later, may or may not contain an organic solvent.

[0100] Examples of the above-mentioned organic solvents include alcohols and carboxylic acids. Only one of these organic solvents may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0101] Examples of the alcohols mentioned above include monohydric alcohols, dihydric alcohols, and trihydric or higher alcohols. Only one type of alcohol may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0102] Examples of the above-mentioned alcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, lauryl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol.

[0103] From the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of ITO particles (X), the alcohol is preferably a monohydric alcohol or a dihydric alcohol. The alcohol is preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, lauryl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, or triethylene glycol. In this case, the dispersibility of ITO particles (X) can be further improved.

[0104] In 100% by weight of the above organic solvent, the content of the above alcohol is preferably greater than 0% by weight, more preferably 1% by weight or more, even more preferably 2% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 18% by weight or less, and even more preferably 16% by weight or less. When the content of the above alcohol satisfies the above lower limit and upper limit, the dispersibility of ITO particles (X) can be further improved. In 100% by weight of the above organic solvent, the content of the above alcohol may be 100% by weight. That is, the above organic solvent may be an alcohol.

[0105] In 100% by weight of the above dispersion, the content of the above organic solvent is preferably greater than 0% by weight, more preferably 1% by weight or more, even more preferably 2% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 19% by weight or less, and even more preferably 18% by weight or less. When the content of the above organic solvent satisfies the above lower limit and upper limit, the dispersibility of ITO particles (X) can be further improved.

[0106] (Dispersion stabilizer) The above dispersion preferably contains a dispersion stabilizer. The above interlayer preferably contains a dispersion stabilizer. The above layer X preferably contains a dispersion stabilizer. By using the above dispersion stabilizer, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be increased, and as a result, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited more effectively. The first layer, described later, may or may not contain a dispersion stabilizer. The second layer, described later, may or may not contain a dispersion stabilizer. The third layer, described later, may or may not contain a dispersion stabilizer.

[0107] Examples of the above-mentioned dispersion stabilizers include sulfate ester compounds, phosphate ester compounds, ricinoleic acid, polyricinoleic acid, polycarboxylic acids, and polyhydric alcohol-type surfactants. The above-mentioned dispersion stabilizers may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0108] The above-mentioned dispersion stabilizer preferably contains a sulfate ester compound, a phosphate ester compound, ricinoleic acid, polyricinoleic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a polyhydric alcohol-type surfactant. More preferably, the above-mentioned dispersion stabilizer is a sulfate ester compound, a phosphate ester compound, ricinoleic acid, polyricinoleic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a polyhydric alcohol-type surfactant. In this case, the dispersion stability of ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0109] In 100% by weight of the above dispersion, the content of the above dispersion stabilizer is preferably 1.0% by weight or more, more preferably 2.0% by weight or more, even more preferably 3.0% by weight or more, preferably 8.0% by weight or less, more preferably 7.0% by weight or less, and even more preferably 6.0% by weight or less. When the content of the above dispersion stabilizer is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0110] In the above dispersion, the weight ratio of the content of the ITO particles (X) to the content of the dispersion stabilizer (content of ITO particles (X) / content of dispersion stabilizer) is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1 or more, even more preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 19 or less, and even more preferably 18 or less. When the above weight ratio (content of ITO particles (X) / content of dispersion stabilizer) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0111] In a resin composition comprising the above dispersion and a thermoplastic resin, the content of the dispersion stabilizer per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 0.001 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.005 parts by weight or more, and even more preferably 0.010 parts by weight or more. In a resin composition comprising the above dispersion and a thermoplastic resin, the content of the dispersion stabilizer per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 0.030 parts by weight or less, more preferably 0.020 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 0.015 parts by weight or less. When the content of the dispersion stabilizer is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0112] In a resin composition comprising the above dispersion and a thermoplastic resin, the weight ratio of the content of the ITO particles (X) to the content of the dispersion stabilizer (content of ITO particles (X) / content of dispersion stabilizer) is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1 or more, even more preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 19 or less, and even more preferably 18 or less. When the weight ratio (content of ITO particles (X) / content of dispersion stabilizer) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0113] In a 100% by weight layer containing the above-mentioned dispersion stabilizer, the content of the dispersion stabilizer is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.010% by weight or more, preferably 0.020% by weight or less, more preferably 0.016% by weight or less, and even more preferably 0.012% by weight or less. When the content of the above-mentioned dispersion stabilizer is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0114] In 100% by weight of the above layer X, the content of the above dispersion stabilizer is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.010% by weight or more, preferably 0.020% by weight or less, more preferably 0.016% by weight or less, and even more preferably 0.012% by weight or less. When the content of the above dispersion stabilizer is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0115] In the above layer X, the weight ratio of the content of the ITO particles (X) to the content of the dispersion stabilizer (content of ITO particles (X) / content of dispersion stabilizer) is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1 or more, even more preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 19 or less, and even more preferably 18 or less. When the above weight ratio (content of ITO particles (X) / content of dispersion stabilizer) is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the dispersion stability of the ITO particles (X) can be further enhanced.

[0116] (thermoplastic resin) The above resin composition contains a thermoplastic resin. The above interlayer contains a thermoplastic resin. The above layer X contains a thermoplastic resin. The first layer, described later, may or may not contain a thermoplastic resin. The second layer, described later, may or may not contain a thermoplastic resin. The third layer, described later, may or may not contain a thermoplastic resin.

[0117] Examples of the thermoplastic resins mentioned above include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, ionomer resin, and polyvinyl alcohol resin. Other thermoplastic resins may also be used. Only one of the thermoplastic resins may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0118] The thermoplastic resin is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin, and more preferably a polyvinyl butyral resin. When the interlayer is a multilayer interlayer consisting of two or more layers, the thermoplastic resins contained in each layer may be the same or different.

[0119] The above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced, for example, by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde. Preferably, the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin is an acetalized product of polyvinyl alcohol. The above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. The degree of saponification of the above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol is generally in the range of 70 mol% to 99.9 mol%.

[0120] The average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferably 200 or higher, more preferably 500 or higher, even more preferably 1500 or higher, still more preferably 1600 or higher, particularly preferably 2600 or higher, most preferably 2700 or higher, preferably 5000 or lower, more preferably 4000 or lower, and still more preferably 3500 or lower. If the average degree of polymerization is above the lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further increased. If the average degree of polymerization is below the upper limit, the molding of the interlayer film becomes easier.

[0121] The average degree of polymerization of the above polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method in accordance with JIS K6726 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Alcohol".

[0122] The number of carbon atoms in the acetal group contained in the above polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited. The aldehyde used in the production of the above polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited. The number of carbon atoms in the acetal group in the above polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 3 to 5, and more preferably 3 or 4. When the number of carbon atoms in the acetal group in the above polyvinyl acetal resin is 3 or more, the glass transition temperature of the interlayer becomes sufficiently low. The number of carbon atoms in the acetal group in the above polyvinyl acetal resin may be 4 or 5.

[0123] The above aldehyde is not particularly limited. Generally, aldehydes having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are preferably used. Examples of the above aldehydes having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, n-nonylaldehyde, n-decylaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. The above aldehyde is preferably propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, or n-valeraldehyde, more preferably propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, or isobutyraldehyde, and even more preferably n-butyraldehyde. The above aldehydes may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0124] The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin described above is preferably 15 mol% or more, more preferably 18 mol% or more, preferably 40 mol% or less, and more preferably 35 mol% or less. When the hydroxyl group content is above the lower limit, the adhesive strength of the interlayer film is further increased. Furthermore, when the hydroxyl group content is below the upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film is increased, making it easier to handle.

[0125] When the above resin composition is used as a material for the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm, and when layer X is the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm, it is preferable that the hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm is preferably satisfied with the following lower or upper limits. That is, the hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 17 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and even more preferably 22 mol% or more. The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 28 mol% or less, even more preferably 27 mol% or less, even more preferably 25 mol% or less, particularly preferably less than 25 mol%, and most preferably 24 mol% or less. When the hydroxyl group content is above the above lower limit, the mechanical strength of the interfilm is further increased. In particular, when the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 20 mol% or more, the reaction efficiency is high and productivity is excellent, when it is 28 mol% or less, the sound insulation of the laminated glass is further improved, and when it is 28 mol% or less, the sound insulation is further improved. Furthermore, when the hydroxyl group content is below or equal to the above upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer is increased and the handling of the interlayer becomes easier. In addition, it is preferable that the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the interlayer layer that does not contain ITO particles (X) also satisfies the above lower limit and upper limit.

[0126] When the above resin composition is used as a material for the surface layer of a multilayer interfilm or a single-layer interfilm, and when layer X is the surface layer of a multilayer interfilm or the single-layer interfilm itself, the hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the surface layer of a multilayer interfilm and a single-layer interfilm preferably satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The content of the above polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 28 mol% or more, even more preferably 30 mol% or more, even more preferably exceeding 31 mol%, even more preferably 31.5 mol% or more, particularly preferably 32 mol% or more, and most preferably 33 mol% or more. The content of the above polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 37 mol% or less, even more preferably 36.5 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 36 mol% or less. When the hydroxyl group content is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the adhesive strength of the interlayer film increases further. Furthermore, when the hydroxyl group content is equal to or less than the upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film increases, making it easier to handle. In addition, it is preferable that the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the surface layer that does not contain ITO particles (X) also satisfies the lower and upper limits.

[0127] The hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin described above is the mole fraction obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are attached by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, expressed as a percentage. The amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are attached can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0128] The degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the above polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 0.3 mol% or more, even more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, and even more preferably 20 mol% or less. When the degree of acetylation is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer is high. When the degree of acetylation is below the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer and laminated glass is high.

[0129] When the above resin composition is used as a material for the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm, and when layer X is the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm, the degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm preferably satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more, even more preferably 7 mol% or more, still more preferably 9 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, still more preferably 24 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 20 mol% or less. When the degree of acetylation is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer is increased. When the degree of acetylation is below the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interfilm and the laminated glass is increased. In particular, if the degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 0.1 mol% or more and 25 mol% or less, it exhibits excellent puncture resistance. Furthermore, it is preferable that the degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the intermediate layer that does not contain ITO particles (X) also satisfies the above lower and upper limits.

[0130] When the above resin composition is used as a material for the surface layer of a multilayer interlayer or a single-layer interlayer, and when layer X is the surface layer of a multilayer interlayer or the single-layer interlayer itself, it is preferable that the degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the surface layer of a multilayer interlayer and a single-layer interlayer preferably satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, preferably 10 mol% or less, and more preferably 2 mol% or less. If the degree of acetylation is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer is high. If the degree of acetylation is below the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer and laminated glass is high. Furthermore, it is preferable that the degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the surface layer that does not contain ITO particles (X) also satisfies the above lower and upper limits.

[0131] The degree of acetylation described above is a value expressed as a percentage of the mole fraction obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are attached by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are attached can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0132] The degree of acetalization of the above polyvinyl acetal resin (or the degree of butyralization in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) preferably satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The degree of acetalization of the above polyvinyl acetal resin (or the degree of butyralization in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 60 mol% or more, more preferably 63 mol% or more, preferably 85 mol% or less, more preferably 75 mol% or less, and even more preferably 70 mol% or less. If the degree of acetalization is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer will be high. If the degree of acetalization is below the upper limit, the reaction time required to produce the polyvinyl acetal resin will be shortened.

[0133] When the above resin composition is used as a material for the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm, and when layer X is the intermediate layer of a multilayer interfilm, it is preferable that the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin (or the degree of butyralization in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the intermediate layer of the multilayer interfilm (or the degree of butyralization in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 47 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, preferably 85 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less, and even more preferably 75 mol% or less. When the degree of acetalization is above the lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer is increased. When the degree of acetalization is below the upper limit, the reaction time required to produce the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened. Furthermore, it is preferable that the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the intermediate layer that does not contain ITO particles (X) also satisfies the above lower limit and upper limit.

[0134] When the above resin composition is used as a material for the surface layer of a multilayer interfilm or a single-layer interfilm, and when the above layer X is the surface layer of a multilayer interfilm or the single-layer interfilm itself, it is preferable that the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin (degree of butyralization in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) satisfies the following lower or upper limits. The degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the surface layer of the multilayer interfilm and the single-layer interfilm (degree of butyralization in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 55 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or less, and more preferably 71 mol% or less. When the degree of acetalization is above the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer is increased. If the degree of acetalization is below the upper limit, the reaction time required to produce the polyvinyl acetal resin will be shortened. Furthermore, it is preferable that the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the surface layer that does not contain ITO particles (X) also satisfies the lower and upper limits.

[0135] The degree of acetalization is determined as follows: First, the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are attached and the amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are attached are calculated from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The mole fraction is obtained by dividing the resulting value by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The value of this mole fraction expressed as a percentage is the degree of acetalization.

[0136] Furthermore, it is preferable to calculate the above-mentioned hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups), degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization), and degree of acetylation from the results measured by a method conforming to JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral". However, measurement according to ASTM D1396-92 may also be used. If the polyvinyl acetal resin is polyvinyl butyral resin, the above-mentioned hydroxyl group content (amount of hydroxyl groups), degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization), and degree of acetylation can be calculated from the results measured by a method conforming to JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0137] In the above resin composition, the content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of thermoplastic resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component of the thermoplastic resin in the above resin composition (50% by weight or more) is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0138] In the layer containing the thermoplastic resin, the content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component of the thermoplastic resin in the layer containing the above thermoplastic resin (50% by weight or more) is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0139] In the thermoplastic resin contained in layer X, the content of polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in layer X is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0140] (Other ingredients) The above dispersion may or may not contain other components other than the above-described components. The above resin composition may or may not contain other components other than the above-described components. The above layer X may or may not contain other components other than the above-described components. The first layer described later may or may not contain other components other than the above-described components. The second layer described later may or may not contain other components other than the above-described components. The third layer described later may or may not contain other components other than the above-described components.

[0141] Examples of the above other components include heat shielding substances other than ITO particles (X), metal salts, ultraviolet ray blocking agents, antioxidants, coupling agents, surfactants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, adhesion adjusters other than metal salts, moisture resistant agents, fluorescent brightening agents, infrared absorbers, and the like. Only one kind of the above other components may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

[0142] <Heat shielding substances other than ITO particles (X)> Examples of the heat shielding substances other than the above ITO particles (X) include heat shielding compounds, heat shielding particles other than ITO particles (X), and the like. Only one kind of the above heat shielding substances may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

[0143] Examples of the above heat-shielding compounds include phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and anthracianine compounds. Examples of the above heat-shielding particles include aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimond-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped titanium oxide particles, tungsten oxide particles (sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles), tin-doped indium oxide particles other than ITO particles (X) (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) particles.

[0144] <metal salts> Examples of the above-mentioned metal salts include alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts. The above-mentioned interlayer preferably contains at least one metal salt (hereinafter sometimes referred to as metal salt M) from among alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts. Alkaline earth metals refer to the six metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra. The use of the above-mentioned metal salt M makes it easy to control the adhesion between the interlayer and laminated glass members such as glass plates, or the adhesion between each layer in the interlayer. The above-mentioned metal salt M may be used by one type only, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0145] The above metal salt M preferably contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, and more preferably contains at least one metal from K and Mg.

[0146] <UV shielding agent> The use of the above-mentioned UV shielding agent makes it less likely for the visible light transmittance of the interlayer and laminated glass to decrease even after long-term use. The above-mentioned UV shielding agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0147] The above-mentioned UV shielding agent includes a UV absorber. Preferably, the above-mentioned UV shielding agent is a UV absorber.

[0148] Examples of the above-mentioned ultraviolet shielding agents include ultraviolet shielding agents containing metal atoms, ultraviolet shielding agents containing metal oxides, ultraviolet shielding agents having a benzotriazole structure (benzotriazole compounds), ultraviolet shielding agents having a benzophenone structure (benzophenone compounds), ultraviolet shielding agents having a triazine structure (triazine compounds), ultraviolet shielding agents having a malonic acid ester structure (malonic acid ester compounds), ultraviolet shielding agents having an oxalic acid anilide structure (oxalic acid anilide compounds), and ultraviolet shielding agents having a benzoate structure (benzoate compounds).

[0149] <Antioxidant> Examples of the above-mentioned antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants, sulfuric antioxidants, and phosphorusic antioxidants. The phenolic antioxidant is an antioxidant having a phenol skeleton. The sulfuric antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a sulfur atom. The phosphorusic antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a phosphorus atom. The above-mentioned antioxidants may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0150] (Other details about the dispersion) The above dispersion is preferably used in combination with a thermoplastic resin. The above dispersion is preferably used to obtain a resin composition containing the dispersion and a thermoplastic resin. The above dispersion is preferably used to obtain a material for an interlayer film for laminated glass.

[0151] (Other details about the resin composition) The above resin composition comprises the above-described dispersion and the above-described thermoplastic resin. The above resin composition can be suitably used as a material for an interlayer for laminated glass. It is preferable that the above resin composition be used to obtain an interlayer for laminated glass.

[0152] (Other details about the interlayer) The above-mentioned interlayer comprises a layer containing ITO particles (X). Preferably, the above-mentioned interlayer comprises a layer containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin. Preferably, the above-mentioned interlayer comprises a layer formed from the above-mentioned resin composition. Preferably, the above-mentioned interlayer comprises a layer X containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin.

[0153] The above-mentioned interlayer may be a single-layer interlayer or a multilayer interlayer. The above-mentioned interlayer may have a single-layer structure, a two-layer structure, a structure with two or more layers, a structure with three layers, a structure with three or more layers, or a structure with four or more layers. The above-mentioned interlayer comprises at least a first layer. An interlayer having a structure with two or more layers comprises a first layer and a second layer. In this case, the second layer is located on the first surface side of the first layer. An interlayer having a structure with three or more layers comprises a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. In this case, the second layer is located on the first surface side of the first layer, and the third layer is located on the second surface side of the first layer opposite to the first surface.

[0154] In the above-described interlayer, the first layer may be the layer X, the second layer may be the layer X, and the third layer may be the layer X. When the interlayer comprises multiple layers X, each layer X may have the same composition or may have different compositions from one another.

[0155] When the above-mentioned interlayer is a single-layer interlayer comprising only a first layer, the first layer is layer X.

[0156] If the interlayer is a multilayer interlayer comprising the first layer and the second layer, the first layer may be a layer containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin, or a layer molded from the resin composition containing the dispersion and the thermoplastic resin. If the interlayer is a multilayer interlayer comprising the first layer and the second layer, the second layer may be a layer containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin, or a layer molded from the resin composition containing the dispersion and the thermoplastic resin. If the interlayer is a multilayer interlayer comprising the first layer, the second layer and the third layer, the third layer may be a layer containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin, or a layer molded from the resin composition containing the dispersion and the thermoplastic resin.

[0157] The above layer X may be a surface layer or an intermediate layer in the interlayer. The above layer X may constitute both a surface layer and an intermediate layer in the interlayer.

[0158] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an interlayer for laminated glass according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0159] The interlayer 11 shown in Figure 1 is a multilayer interlayer having a structure of two or more layers. The interlayer 11 is used to obtain laminated glass. The interlayer 11 is an interlayer for laminated glass. The interlayer 11 comprises a first layer 1, a second layer 2, and a third layer 3. The interlayer 11 has a three-layer structure. The second layer 2 is arranged and laminated on the first surface 1a of the first layer 1. The third layer 3 is arranged and laminated on the second surface 1b of the first layer 1, opposite to the first surface 1a. The first layer 1 is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2 and the third layer 3 are protective layers, and in this embodiment, they are surface layers. The first layer 1 is arranged and sandwiched between the second layer 2 and the third layer 3. Therefore, the interlayer 11 has a multilayer structure (second layer 2 / first layer 1 / third layer 3) in which the second layer 2, the first layer 1, and the third layer 3 are stacked in this order. In this embodiment, the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 are layers X containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin.

[0160] Furthermore, other layers may be arranged on the surface of the second layer 2 opposite to the first layer 1, and on the surface of the third layer 3 opposite to the first layer 1. Also, both the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 may not contain ITO particles (X), and the first layer 1 may be a layer X containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin. Alternatively, the first layer 1, the second layer 2, and the third layer 3 may be layers X containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin.

[0161] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an interlayer for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0162] The interlayer 11A shown in Figure 2 is a single-layer interlayer having a single-layer structure. Interlayer 11A is the first layer. Interlayer 11A is used to obtain laminated glass. Interlayer 11A is an interlayer for laminated glass. The first layer, interlayer 11A, is layer X containing ITO particles (X) and a thermoplastic resin.

[0163] The average thickness of the interlayer described above is not particularly limited. From a practical standpoint, and from the viewpoint of sufficiently increasing the penetration resistance and bending rigidity of the laminated glass, the average thickness of the interlayer is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.25 mm or more, preferably 3 mm or less, and more preferably 1.5 mm or less. If the thickness of the interlayer is above the lower limit, the penetration resistance and bending rigidity of the laminated glass will be further increased. If the thickness of the interlayer is below the upper limit, the transparency of the interlayer and the laminated glass will be further improved.

[0164] Let T be the average thickness of the interlayer.

[0165] The intermediate layer of the interfilm may be a layer containing ITO particles (X), a layer X, or a layer not containing ITO particles (X). The average thickness of the above intermediate layer is preferably 0.005T or more, more preferably 0.01T or more, even more preferably 0.02T or more, preferably 0.17T or less, more preferably 0.15T or less, more preferably 0.13T or less, more preferably 0.1T or less, and even more preferably 0.09T or less. In an interfilm having a multilayer structure of a second layer / first layer / third layer, the average thickness of the above first layer is preferably 0.005T or more, more preferably 0.01T or more, and even more preferably 0.02T or more. In an interfilm having a multilayer structure of a second layer / first layer / third layer, the average thickness of the above first layer is preferably 0.17T or less, more preferably 0.15T or less, more preferably 0.13T or less, more preferably 0.1T or less, and even more preferably 0.09T or less. If the average thickness of the first layer described above is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the sound insulation performance will be further enhanced over a wide temperature range.

[0166] The surface layer of the interlayer may be a layer containing ITO particles (X), layer X, or a layer not containing ITO particles (X). The average thickness of the surface layer is preferably 0.005T or more, more preferably 0.01T or more, even more preferably 0.02T or more, preferably 0.17T or less, more preferably 0.15T or less, more preferably 0.13T or less, more preferably 0.1T or less, and even more preferably 0.09T or less. In an interlayer having a multilayer structure of a second layer / first layer / third layer, the average thickness of the second layer is preferably 0.005T or more, more preferably 0.01T or more, and even more preferably 0.02T or more. In an interlayer having a multilayer structure of a second layer / first layer / third layer, the average thickness of the second layer is preferably 0.17T or less, more preferably 0.15T or less, more preferably 0.13T or less, more preferably 0.1T or less, and even more preferably 0.09T or less. In an interlayer having a multilayer structure of a second layer / first layer / third layer, the average thickness of the third layer is preferably 0.005T or more, more preferably 0.01T or more, and even more preferably 0.02T or more. In an interlayer having a multilayer structure of a second layer / first layer / third layer, the average thickness of the third layer is preferably 0.17T or less, more preferably 0.15T or less, more preferably 0.13T or less, more preferably 0.1T or less, and even more preferably 0.09T or less. When the average thickness of the second layer and the third layer are above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the sound insulation performance is further enhanced over a wide temperature range.

[0167] The above-mentioned interlayer may be an interlayer with a uniform thickness, or an interlayer with a varying thickness. The cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned interlayer may be rectangular, or it may be wedge-shaped.

[0168] The interlayer may be wound to form a roll of interlayer material. The roll may comprise a core and the interlayer material wound around the outer circumference of the core.

[0169] The distance between one end and the other end of the above-mentioned interlayer is preferably 0.5 m or more, more preferably 0.8 m or more, particularly preferably 1 m or more, preferably 3 m or less, more preferably 2 m or less, and particularly preferably 1.5 m or less.

[0170] The method for manufacturing the above-mentioned interlayer film is not particularly limited. The interlayer film can be manufactured, for example, using a resin composition obtained by mixing the above-mentioned dispersion and the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin. Examples of methods for manufacturing the interlayer film according to the present invention include, in the case of a single-layer interlayer film, a method of extruding the resin composition using an extruder and a method of heat press molding. Examples of methods for manufacturing the interlayer film according to the present invention include, in the case of a multilayer interlayer film, a method of forming each layer using each resin composition for forming each layer, and then laminating the obtained layers, and a method of laminating each layer by co-extruding each resin composition for forming each layer using an extruder.

[0171] It is preferable that the two surface layers contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin, as this improves the efficiency of interlayer production. It is more preferable that the two surface layers contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer, as this improves the efficiency of interlayer production. It is even more preferable that the two surface layers are formed from the same resin composition, as this improves the efficiency of interlayer production. In an interlayer having a multilayer structure of a second layer / first layer / third layer, it is preferable that the second layer and the third layer are formed from the same resin composition.

[0172] The interlayer film described above preferably has an uneven surface on at least one of its two surfaces. It is more preferable that the interlayer film has an uneven surface on both surfaces. The method for forming the uneven surface is not particularly limited and includes, for example, lip embossing, embossing roll, calendering roll, and shape extrusion. Embossing roll is preferred because it can form a large number of uneven patterns that are quantitatively consistent.

[0173] (Laminated glass) The laminated glass according to the present invention comprises a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-described interlayer for laminated glass. In the laminated glass according to the present invention, the interlayer for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

[0174] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown in Figure 1.

[0175] The laminated glass 31 shown in Figure 3 comprises a first laminated glass member 21, a second laminated glass member 22, and an interlayer 11. The interlayer 11 is positioned and sandwiched between the first laminated glass member 21 and the second laminated glass member 22.

[0176] A first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the first surface 11a of the interlayer 11. A second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the second surface 11b of the interlayer 11, opposite to the first surface 11a. A first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the outer surface 2a of the second layer 2. A second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the outer surface 3a of the third layer 3.

[0177] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown in Figure 2.

[0178] The laminated glass 31A shown in Figure 4 comprises a first laminated glass member 21, a second laminated glass member 22, and an interlayer 11A. The interlayer 11A is positioned and sandwiched between the first laminated glass member 21 and the second laminated glass member 22.

[0179] A first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the first surface 11Aa of the interlayer film 11A. A second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the second surface 11Ab of the interlayer film 11A, which is opposite to the first surface 11Aa.

[0180] The first laminated glass member described above is preferably a first glass plate. The second laminated glass member described above is preferably a second glass plate.

[0181] Examples of the first and second laminated glass members mentioned above include glass plates and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films. The laminated glass includes not only laminated glass in which an interlayer is sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass in which an interlayer is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like. The laminated glass is a laminate comprising glass plates, and it is preferable that at least one glass plate is used. It is preferable that the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member are each glass plates or PET films, and that the laminated glass comprises a glass plate as at least one of the first and second laminated glass members. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates.

[0182] Examples of the above-mentioned glass plates include inorganic glass and organic glass. Examples of the above-mentioned inorganic glass include float glass, heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflective glass, polished glass, patterned glass, wired glass, and green glass. Examples of the above-mentioned organic glass include synthetic resin glass that can be used as an alternative to inorganic glass. Examples of the above-mentioned organic glass include polycarbonate sheets and poly(meth)acrylic resin sheets. Examples of the above-mentioned poly(meth)acrylic resin sheets include polymethyl(meth)acrylate sheets.

[0183] The thickness of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member described above is preferably 1 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. Furthermore, if the laminated glass member is a glass plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. If the laminated glass member is a PET film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more, and more preferably 0.5 mm or less.

[0184] The method for manufacturing the laminated glass described above is not particularly limited. For example, an interlayer film is placed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member, and the air remaining between the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film is removed by passing them through a pressing roll or by placing them in a rubber bag and applying reduced pressure and suction. Then, a laminate is obtained by pre-bonding at approximately 70°C to 110°C. Next, the laminate is placed in an autoclave or pressed and compressed at approximately 120°C to 150°C and a pressure of 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa. In this way, laminated glass can be obtained. During the manufacturing of the laminated glass described above, each layer of the interlayer film may be laminated.

[0185] The above-mentioned interlayer and laminated glass can be used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, and buildings, etc. The above-mentioned interlayer and laminated glass can also be used for applications other than those listed above. The above-mentioned interlayer and laminated glass are preferably for use in vehicles or buildings, and more preferably for use in vehicles. The above-mentioned interlayer and laminated glass can be used in the windshield, side windows, rear windows, or roof windows of automobiles, etc. The above-mentioned interlayer and laminated glass are suitably used in automobiles. The above-mentioned interlayer is used to obtain laminated glass for automobiles.

[0186] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0187] In the polyvinyl acetal resin used, n-butyraldehyde with 4 carbon atoms was used for acetalization. For the polyvinyl acetal resin, the degree of acetalization (butyralization), degree of acetylation, and hydroxyl group content were measured according to the method specified in JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral". Furthermore, measurements using ASTM D1396-92 yielded similar values ​​to those obtained using the method specified in JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0188] The following materials were prepared.

[0189] (ITO particles) ITO particles (X1) (average particle size: 55 nm, crystal lattice constant: 10.13 Å) ITO particles (X2) (average particle diameter: 45 nm, crystal lattice constant: 10.13 Å) ITO particles (X3) (average particle diameter: 35 nm, crystal lattice constant: 10.12 Å) ITO particles (Y1) (average particle diameter: 65 nm, crystal lattice constant: 10.11 Å)

[0190] The average particle size and crystal lattice constant of each ITO particle were measured using the method described above.

[0191] (Plasticizer) Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO)

[0192] (Organic solvents) ethanol

[0193] (Dispersion stabilizer) Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether phosphate

[0194] (thermoplastic resin) Polyvinyl acetal resin (PVB, average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, degree of acetylation 1 mol%, degree of acetalization 69 mol%)

[0195] (Example 1) (1) Preparation of dispersion The following ingredients were combined and a dispersion was prepared using a bead mill.

[0196] ITO particles (X1): 100 parts by weight 3GO: 125 parts by weight Ethanol: 12.5 parts by weight Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether phosphate: 10 parts by weight

[0197] (2) Preparation of resin composition The following components were blended and thoroughly mixed using a mixing roll to prepare a resin composition.

[0198] PVB: 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight Dispersion liquid: 1.07 parts by weight

[0199] The resulting resin composition contains ITO particles (X1) in an amount of 0.3% by weight of 100% by weight of the resulting interlayer film (first layer).

[0200] (3) Fabrication of interlayers for laminated glass The obtained resin composition was extruded using an extruder to obtain a single-layer interlayer for laminated glass with a thickness of 760 μm, comprising only the first layer (layer X). The structure of the obtained interlayer is shown in Table 1.

[0201] (4) Fabrication of laminated glass The obtained interlayer was cut to a size of 30 cm x 30 cm. Next, two sheets of green glass (30 cm x 30 cm x 2 mm thick) conforming to JIS R3208 were prepared. The obtained interlayer was sandwiched between these two sheets of green glass and pre-bonded using the vacuum backing method. The pre-bonded laminate was held in an autoclave at a temperature of 140°C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa for 10 minutes, and then the temperature was lowered to 50°C and returned to atmospheric pressure to complete the final bonding and obtain laminated glass.

[0202] (Examples 2-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5) The dispersion, resin composition, interlayer, and laminated glass were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the type of ITO particles was changed as shown in Tables 1-3, and the amount of ITO particles in the resulting interlayer was changed to match the content shown in Tables 1-3. Organic solvents and dispersion stabilizers not listed in the tables were used in the same amounts as in Example 1.

[0203] (evaluation) (1) Wide-angle X-ray scattering of ITO particles Using the method described above, the sum of the integrated intensities of the peaks in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of ITO particles is calculated. t , Integrated intensity I0 of the peak on the (222) plane, Integrated intensity I of the peak on the (622) plane a , the integrated intensity of the peak on the (440) plane I b The integral intensity was calculated. From the obtained integral intensity, the integral intensity ratio (I0 / I) was calculated. t ), integrated intensity ratio (I a / I0) and integrated intensity ratio (I b The value of / I0) was calculated.

[0204] Figure 5 shows the measurement data for wide-angle X-ray scattering of ITO particles (X1), ITO particles (X2), and ITO particles (X3).

[0205] (2) Yellow Index Using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech Corporation's "U-4100"), the resulting laminated glass was placed parallel to the normal of the optical axis on the optical path between the light source and the integrating sphere, and 13 cm away from the integrating sphere, so that only transmitted parallel light was received by the integrating sphere. Visible light transmittance was measured, and the yellow index was calculated in accordance with JIS K7373. A smaller yellow index value indicates less yellow tint and better aesthetics.

[0206] [Criteria for determining the Yellow Index] ○: Yellow index is less than 1.0 ×: Yellow index is 1.0 or higher

[0207] (3)T 550 / T 1400 Using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech Corporation "U-4100"), the resulting laminated glass was placed parallel to the normal of the optical axis on the optical path between the light source and the integrating sphere, and 13 cm away from the integrating sphere, so that only transmitted parallel light was received by the integrating sphere. The transmittance of the laminated glass at a wavelength of 550 nm was then measured. 550 The transmittance of laminated glass at a wavelength of 1400nm is T 1400 As, T 550 / T 1400 (T 550T 1400 The ratio to T was calculated. 550 The higher the value, the greater the transparency. 1400 The lower the value, the higher the heat shielding performance. Therefore, T 550 / T 1400 The higher the value, the better both transparency and heat shielding properties can be achieved.

[0208] [T 550 / T 1400 [Criteria for judgment] ○:T 550 / T 1400 is over 6.8 ×:T 550 / T 1400 6.8 or less

[0209] (4)T 550 / Infrared shielding rate The above "(3)T 550 / T 1400 Similarly, the transmittance of the obtained laminated glass at a wavelength of 550 nm (T 550 The following was measured: Furthermore, the infrared shielding rate of the laminated glass was calculated by normalizing the weighting coefficients for each wavelength from 780nm to 2100nm, as shown in Appendix 2 of JIS R3106:1998, so that the sum of these weighting coefficients equals 1, and then multiplying these coefficients by the resulting transmittances from 780nm to 2100nm to obtain the new weighting coefficients. 550 From the infrared shielding rate, T 550 / Infrared shielding rate (T 550 The ratio of (to infrared shielding rate) was calculated. 550 The higher the value, the higher the transparency. The lower the infrared shielding rate, the higher the heat shielding. Therefore, T 550 The higher the infrared shielding rate, the better both transparency and heat shielding properties can be achieved.

[0210] [T 550 [Criteria for determining infrared shielding rate] ○:T 550 / Infrared shielding rate exceeds 3.0 ×:T 550 / Infrared shielding rate is 3.0 or less

[0211] The composition and results of the interlayer are shown in Tables 1-3 below.

[0212] [Table 1]

[0213] [Table 2]

[0214] [Table 3]

[0215] Furthermore, an example of a single-layer interlayer containing only a layer with ITO particles (X) was evaluated. In a multilayer interlayer containing a layer with ITO particles (X) and other layers, good results similar to those of a single-layer interlayer were obtained, due to the layer with ITO particles (X). [Explanation of symbols]

[0216] 1…First layer 1a...First surface 1b...Second surface 2…Second layer 2a...Outer surface 3…The third layer 3a...Outer surface 11…Interlayer 11A…Interlayer (first layer) 11a, 11Aa… First surface 11b, 11Ab…Second surface 21...First laminated glass component 22...Second laminated glass component 31,31A…Laminated glass

Claims

1. The material comprises tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the following configurations: the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration, and a dispersion medium. A dispersion in which the average particle size of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 55 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and the crystal lattice constant of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 10.11 Å or more and 10.16 Å or less. First configuration: The sum of the integrated intensities of the peaks in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I ｔ Let the integrated intensity of the peak on the (222) plane be I ０ When that happens, I ０ / I ｔ It is less than 0.

380. Second configuration: The integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I ０ Let the integrated intensity of the peak on the (622) plane be I ａ When that happens, I ａ / I ０ The value is 0.31 or higher. Third configuration: Let I be the integrated intensity of the peak of the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles ０ and let I be the integrated intensity of the peak of the (440) plane. When ｂ I ｂ / I ０ is 0.41 or more.

2. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the first configuration.

3. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the second configuration.

4. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the third configuration.

5. The dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise at least two of the first, second, and third configurations.

6. The dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration.

7. A dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a plasticizer.

8. The dispersion according to claim 7, wherein the plasticizer is an organic ester plasticizer.

9. The dispersion medium includes an organic solvent, The dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic solvent contains an alcohol.

10. The dispersion according to claim 9, wherein the alcohol is a monohydric alcohol or a dihydric alcohol.

11. A dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a dispersion stabilizer.

12. The dispersion according to claim 11, wherein the dispersion stabilizer is a sulfate ester compound, a phosphate ester compound, ricinoleic acid, polyricinoleic acid, polycarboxylic acid, or a polyhydric alcohol-type surfactant.

13. A dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, A resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin.

14. An interlayer for laminated glass comprising a layer formed from the resin composition according to claim 13.

15. The material comprises a layer X containing tin-doped indium oxide particles having at least one of the following configurations: the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration, and a thermoplastic resin. The thermoplastic resin includes polyvinyl acetal resin, An interlayer for laminated glass, having an average thickness of 0.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less. First configuration: The sum of the integrated intensities of the peaks in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I ｔ Let the integrated intensity of the peak on the (222) plane be I ０ When that happens, I ０ / I ｔ It is less than 0.

380. Second configuration: The integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I ０ Let the integrated intensity of the peak on the (622) plane be I ａ When that happens, I ａ / I ０ The value is 0.31 or higher. Third configuration: The integrated intensity of the peak in the (222) plane in the wide-angle X-ray scattering of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is I ０ Let the integrated intensity of the peak on the (440) plane be I ｂ When that happens, I ｂ / I ０ The value is 0.41 or higher.

16. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 15, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the first configuration.

17. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 15, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the second configuration.

18. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 15, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles have the third configuration.

19. The interfilm for laminated glass according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise at least two of the first, second, and third configurations.

20. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the tin-doped indium oxide particles comprise the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration.

21. An interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the content of the tin-doped indium oxide particles in the layer X is 0.1 parts by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the layer X.

22. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the layer X contains a plasticizer.

23. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 22, wherein the plasticizer is an organic ester plasticizer.

24. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 22, wherein the content of the plasticizer in the layer X is 20 parts by weight or more and 60 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the layer X.

25. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the average particle size of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

26. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the crystal lattice constant of the tin-doped indium oxide particles is 10.11 Å or more and 10.16 Å or less.

27. The first laminated glass member, A second laminated glass component, The laminated glass interlayer described in claim 14 is further comprising: A laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

28. The first laminated glass member, A second laminated glass component, The laminated glass interfilm is as described in any one of claims 15 to 18, A laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

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