Cleaning laser apparatus and method for removing a coating layer containing asbestos material from a metal surface

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cleaning laser device (1) and a method for removing a coating layer (3) having an asbestos-containing material (2) from the surface (4) of a metal.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a cleaning laser apparatus for removing a coating layer containing asbestos material from a metal surface during a cleaning process.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for removing a coating layer containing asbestos material from a metal surface during a cleaning process. In this cleaning process, the asbestos fiber concentration in the workplace is 10,000 asbestos fibers / m³ on average for the work shift. 3 (F / m 3 The asbestos fiber receptor concentration is less than ). [Background technology]

[0003] Asbestos is a carcinogenic hazardous substance under Annex VI of Regulation (EG) No. 1272 / 2008 and the Hazardous Materials Regulation (GefStoff V) (Category 1A), and its use is generally prohibited. Exceptions to this rule are demolition, remodeling, and maintenance work under Annex II, No. 1 of the Hazardous Materials Regulation.

[0004] Here, the following silicates with a fibrous structure, namely actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, and tremolite, are referred to as asbestos.

[0005] Asbestos-containing materials refer to mixtures and products containing asbestos, and in the case of these mixtures and products, the work performed may lead to the generation or release of fibrous dust.

[0006] The technical rules for TRGS519 "Asbestos: Removal, Repair and Maintenance Work" as of March 31, 2022, regarding hazardous substances, summarize and specify the essential protective measures and organizational requirements for permitted activities concerning asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, in accordance with Annex I, No. 2.4 of the Hazardous Materials Regulations. When TRGS519 is referenced below, this March 31, 2022 edition is always referred to. Generally, protecting employees ensures the protection of third parties and the environment.

[0007] Basically, when handling asbestos, high levels of exposure to asbestos fibers are to be expected (in the worst case), and as a result, all requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations, Annex I, No. 2.4 must usually be met. This in particular, - Presence of specific qualifications / expertise compliant with TRGS 519 - Regular implementation of occupational health measures - Compliance with employment restrictions - Special construction site equipment such as lock rooms for personnel and materials - Technical ventilation measures, maintenance of negative pressure - Wear personal protective equipment This concerns... Annex I, No. 2.1 of the Hazardous Materials Regulations permits deviations from these requirements for activities involving asbestos that result in low exposure.

[0008] In relation to the TRGS910 risk concept regarding carcinogens, the average workplace asbestos fiber concentration per work shift is 10,000 asbestos fibers / m³. 3 If the asbestos fiber concentration is proven to be below the permissible level, then low exposure or low-risk activity is present.

[0009] A "low-emission method" in accordance with TRGS519, No. 2.9 is a low-exposure activity that has been inspected and approved by a government agency or statutory disability insurance agency. For approval, a low-emission method is based on standard operating procedures that have been proven to safely keep asbestos levels below the permissible limit.

[0010] If limits are not observed for other hazardous substances that may similarly be released as a result of the process, such as mineral dust, quartz-containing dust, and emissions from tar-based materials, the procedure manual must specify appropriate protective measures.

[0011] Regarding statutory disability insurance agencies, the "Construction" section of the German Statutory Disaster Insurance (DGUV) inspects and approves low-emission methods compliant with TRGS 519 under the jurisdiction of the DGUV Working Group "Low-Emission Methods Compliant with TRGS 519 for Activities Concerning Asbestos-Containing Materials." [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0012] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning laser apparatus and method for removing a coating layer having an asbestos-containing material from a metal surface, and this cleaning laser apparatus is particularly suitable for implementing the method as a low-emission method in accordance with TRGS519. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] This problem is solved by the cleaning laser apparatus of the type described at the beginning, comprising a cleaning laser having a laser optical system that emits laser light, and a suction device having a suction aperture, wherein the laser light emitted from the laser optical system during the cleaning process can remove the coating layer from the surface of a metal, and as a result, the asbestos-containing material can be at least partially ablated, and the suction aperture is positioned adjacent to the cleaning laser, so that the removed coating layer, along with the emitted asbestos-containing material, can be sucked into the suction device through the suction aperture. Here, an ablable coating layer means that the laser light emitted from the laser optical system evaporates and / or burns and / or explodes the coating layer on the surface of the metal. Advantageously, the cleaning laser apparatus provides a very efficient method for ablating minimal concentrations of asbestos fibers to remove the coating layer containing asbestos-containing material from the surface of a metal during the cleaning process, and as a result, activities in the work area are exposed to only low levels of asbestos. Preferably, the cleaning laser apparatus also enables a low-emission method in accordance with TRGS519.

[0014] Preferably, the suction device should have TRGS519 asbestos certification.

[0015] Low-exposure activities are low-risk work in accordance with TRGS910, where the permissible asbestos concentration is 10,000 asbestos fibers / m³. 3 Below (see TRGS519, No. 4.3, paragraph 1, March 31, 2022 edition, to determine the asbestos fiber concentration). If such activities are carried out inside a building, the asbestos fiber concentration in the indoor air should be 500 F / m³ after all work is completed. 3 It falls below this value, and the upper limit of Poisson's formula is 1000 F / m 3 It must be demonstrated that it is below [a certain level] (measurement in accordance with VDI3492).

[0016] The term "low-emission method" includes activities that are inspected and approved by the authorities or statutory accident insurance institutions in accordance with Section 2.8 of TRGS 519. The basis for the corresponding inspections is the evaluation criteria established by the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (IFA). The methods approved by the statutory accident insurance institutions are currently published in BGI664 (see www.dguv.de) (for the determination of asbestos fiber concentrations within the inspection of this method, see TRGS519, No. 4.3, Paragraph 2).

[0017] Regarding this, in an advantageous cleaning laser device, the cleaning laser is formed as a Nd:YAG solid laser.

[0018] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the cleaning laser device, the output density of the cleaning laser has a single-pulse output in the range of several hundred kilowatts. Preferably, the single-pulse output is greater than 200 kW, more preferably greater than 500 kW, and even more preferably greater than 1000 kW. The high output density enables efficient ablation.

[0019] According to a further advantageous development of the cleaning laser device, the suction device comprises a collection device for the suctioned asbestos-containing material. For example, a collection device formed like a vacuum cleaner bag enables the asbestos fibers released and suctioned by laser ablation to be collected separately. Laser ablation, also called laser evaporation, is the removal of a coating layer from the surface by irradiating the surface with pulsed laser light, also called laser vaporization. The high-output density laser light used here results in rapid heating on the surface and the formation of a plasma.

[0020] Regarding this, the collection device of the suction device is replaceable. Also, the collection device is preferably closable before replacement so that no asbestos fibers are released during replacement. Such a replaceable collection device can continue the operation without wasting time and can easily process asbestos fibers in accordance with the regulations.

[0021] Furthermore, the suction device includes a filter device, which is preferably formed as a HEPA filter. The filter device can clean the sucked air together with the removed coating layer and the released asbestos fibers. A HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air filter) is a particulate filter suitable for filtering more than 99.9% of all dust particles larger than 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers (μm), such as viruses, particulate matter, dust mite eggs and excrement, pollen, smoke particles, asbestos, bacteria, various toxic dusts, and aerosols from the air.

[0022] In this case, preferably, the filter device also includes a filter shaker. The filter shaker can clean the asbestos fibers deposited on the filter device from the filter device and enables, for example, the collection of asbestos fibers in the collection device. Preferably, the filter shaker is formed as a manually or mechanically operable filter shaker.

[0023] Advantageously, the cleaning laser device has a suction device with a suction force greater than 3 kW, preferably greater than 5 kW, more preferably greater than 7 kW. The suction force on this scale ensures the safe suction of asbestos fibers during the cleaning process. Preferably, the suction device is formed as a vacuum suction device. Since the inside of the suction device is in a vacuum and negative pressure, it guarantees that the asbestos fibers once sucked remain in the collection device of the suction device.

[0024] According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the cleaning laser apparatus, the cleaning laser apparatus has an enclosure, wherein the enclosure is formed so that the cleaning laser does not come into contact with asbestos during the cleaning process. In this regard, the enclosure is formed as a housing. In addition, the enclosure can be made of a tubular film having a specified thickness, preferably a 100 μm thick LDPE tubular film. Other tubular films having thicknesses in the range of 50 μm to 250 μm are also possible. Preferably, the enclosure prevents the cleaning laser from being exposed to asbestos, and as a result, the cleaning laser can still be used for other applications outside the asbestos area.

[0025] Furthermore, the cleaning laser apparatus is equipped with an operating device that has a control function, which is preferably configured to automatically adapt the suction flow of the suction device to the parameterization of the cleaning laser. For example, adapting the suction device is advantageous because, in some situations, higher energy density and shorter pulse length may release more asbestos fibers. In particular, for example, higher power density and / or shorter pulse length can result in stronger suction. The operating device also automatically and optimally adjusts the suction flow of the suction device.

[0026] Advantageously, the operating device is configured to trigger follow-up operation of the suction device after the cleaning process is complete. This ensures that after the cleaning process has stopped, the suction device continues to suction the work area for a certain period of time, thereby also suctioning up any asbestos fibers that may have been released without being aspirated.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment of the cleaning laser apparatus, the cleaning apparatus comprises a holding device, in which the cleaning laser can be positioned to maintain a constant distance from the surface of a metal having a coating layer. If the distance from the metal surface remains constant, it is sufficient to parameterize the cleaning laser before the cleaning process. Furthermore, it becomes easier to control the feed of the cleaning apparatus during the cleaning process. In addition, the workload for the operator is reduced. Preferably, the holding device is formed as an industrial robot.

[0028] Furthermore, according to the type of method described at the beginning, this problem is solved by removing the coating layer using a cleaning laser apparatus comprising a cleaning laser having a laser optical system that emits laser light and a suction device having a suction aperture. The level of exposure to asbestos fibers must be determined by workplace measurements in accordance with TRGS 402 in conjunction with DIN EN 689. This is explained by the measurement results of the average asbestos fiber concentration (average of the work shift) associated with an 8-hour work shift. Removing the coating layer using a cleaning laser apparatus provides a very efficient method for ablating the minimum concentration of asbestos fibers to remove the coating layer containing asbestos material from the metal surface during the cleaning process, and as a result, activities in the work area are exposed only to low levels of asbestos. A favorable method in this regard is the low-emission method in accordance with TRGS 519.

[0029] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the present method, during the cleaning process, the removed coating layer, along with the released asbestos-containing material, is drawn into a suction device through a suction opening. This ensures that asbestos fibers are released only at low concentrations.

[0030] A more advantageous method involves forming the cleaning laser as an Nd:YAG solid-state laser and emitting invisible infrared laser light, also known as laser radiation. Preferably, the infrared laser light is emitted at a wavelength of 1064 nm. Surprisingly, it has been found that an Nd:YAG solid-state laser emitting at a wavelength of 1064 nm yields optimal ablation results for coating layers containing asbestos-containing materials.

[0031] In a further preferred development of this method, the cleaning laser apparatus has a single pulse output in the range of 200 kW to 2000 kW, and a pulse length in the range of 50 ns to 200 ns. The combination of power density and pulse length in each of the aforementioned ranges causes significant heating of the surface during the pulse. Preferably, the power density is several hundred kilowatts, particularly 200 kW to 500 kW. Since heat conduction to the volume of the coating layer is relatively slow, rapidly introduced heat usually cannot dissipate. Therefore, the surface of the coating layer, which contains asbestos material, is heated to the extent that it changes into a plasma state. In this case, this plasma may become dense enough to absorb most of the laser light, thereby protecting the underlying surface from further heating. The cleaning laser apparatus optimally removes the coating layer.

[0032] A more advantageous method is to have a suction device that includes a filter device, wherein the filter device further includes a filter shaker suitable for cleaning the filter device. This ensures that the suctioned and removed coating layer is always optimally filtered along with the asbestos-containing material, and that, for example, the filter device does not become clogged with asbestos fibers.

[0033] According to an additional preferred embodiment of the present method, the cleaning laser apparatus comprises an operating device having a control function, which is configured to automatically adapt the suction flow of the suction device to the parameterization of the cleaning laser. Adaptation of the suction device is advantageous because, for example, higher energy density and shorter pulse length allow more asbestos fibers to be released by laser ablation during the cleaning process. In particular, for example, higher power density and / or shorter pulse length can result in stronger suction. Thus, the operating device also automatically adapts the suction flow of the suction device to the laser ablation for optimal results.

[0034] Advantageously, the operating device is configured to trigger a follow-up operation of the suction device after the cleaning process is complete. This ensures that after the cleaning process has stopped, the suction system continues to suction the work area for a certain period of time, thereby also suctioning up any asbestos fibers that may have been released and not been suctioned. In this regard, the follow-up operation takes place between 30 seconds and 10 minutes.

[0035] Furthermore, according to an additional embodiment of the preferred method, the cleaning laser apparatus includes an operating device having a control function, the operating device being configured to switch on the suction device when the cleaning laser is switched on. This ensures that the suction device is switched on during the cleaning process using the cleaning laser, and that the removed coating layer is always aspirated together with the asbestos-containing material.

[0036] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0037] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a preferred cleaning apparatus. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0038] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a cleaning apparatus 1 that removes a coating layer 3 having an asbestos-containing material 2 from a metal surface 4 during the cleaning process.

[0039] The following silicates, actinolites, amosites, anthophyllites, chrysotiles, crocidolites, and tremolites, which have a fibrous structure, are called asbestos.

[0040] Asbestos-containing material 2 refers to mixtures and products containing asbestos, and in the case of these mixtures and products, the execution of work may lead to the generation or release of fibrous dust.

[0041] The cleaning laser apparatus 1 comprises a cleaning laser 5 having a laser optical system 7 that emits laser light 6, and a suction apparatus 9 having a suction opening 8. The suction opening 8 is positioned adjacent to the cleaning laser 5, and as a result, during the cleaning process, the coating layer 3 removed by the laser light 6 emitted from the laser optical system 7 is sucked into the suction apparatus 9 through the suction opening, along with at least partially emitted asbestos-containing material 2.

[0042] In this method, the coating layer 3 is removed from the metal surface 4 by impact with pulsed laser light 6, forming a plasma. Preferably, the cleaning laser 5 is formed as an Nd:YAG solid-state laser 10. The Nd:YAG solid-state laser 10 emits non-visible infrared light with a wavelength of 1064 nm. Other cleaning lasers 5 with shorter emission wavelengths are also possible in principle, but these are generally less efficient at removing the coating layer 3 having asbestos-containing material 2.

[0043] To remove the coating layer 3 at an economically viable removal rate, a high power density with a single-pulse output in the range of several hundred kilowatts is required. The cleaning laser 5 used in the illustrated embodiment is a CL1000 laser cleaning system from Clean Laser Systems, with an OSH80 laser optical system. The nominal output of the CL1000 laser cleaning system is 1000W, and the single-pulse power density of the cleaning laser 5 used in this embodiment is several hundred kilowatts.

[0044] In unrealistic embodiments, manual optics such as the OSH80 or EffiScan and quick-change fibers were used. The single-pulse power densities used were greater than 200 kW, and especially greater than 500 kW.

[0045] The pulse length is typically in the range of 50 ns to 200 ns. In this embodiment, a pulse length on the order of 100 ns was selected to allow significant heating of the surface 4 during the pulse. Because heat conduction to the volume of the coating layer 4 is relatively slow, the rapidly introduced heat usually cannot dissipate, and as a result, the coating layer 3 is heated to the extent that it changes into a plasma state. In this case, this plasma may be dense enough to absorb most of the laser light 6, thereby protecting the underlying surface from further heating.

[0046] Preferably, the suction device 9 is formed as a vacuum suction device. In this embodiment, a DG50EXP asbestos suction system with a suction force of 5kW and asbestos approval by TRGS519 from Delfin Industrial Vacuum is used as the suction device 9.

[0047] In other realized embodiments, suction forces of 3 kW or 7 kW were used.

[0048] Furthermore, the suction device 9 includes a collection device 11 for the asbestos-containing material 2 that has been aspirated. Preferably, the collection device 11 of the suction device 9 is replaceable. Moreover, the collection device is designed to be dustproof and airtight during replacement, thereby preventing leakage of the asbestos-containing material 2.

[0049] Furthermore, the suction device 9 is equipped with a filter device 12, which is suitably formed as a HEPA filter 13 of filter class H14. In addition, the filter device 12 is equipped with a filter shaker 14 for mechanically cleaning the filter device 12 by manual operation.

[0050] In the illustrated embodiment, the cleaning laser apparatus 1 has an optional enclosure 15. The enclosure 15 is formed so that the cleaning laser 5 does not come into contact with the asbestos-containing material 2 during the cleaning process, and therefore remains asbestos-free. The enclosure 15 can optionally be formed as a housing 16, for example, as shown in the embodiment, or as a tubular film. When using a tubular film, it is preferable to use an LDPE tubular film with a thickness in the range of 50 μm to 200 μm, particularly preferably 100 μm, for a sufficient length.

[0051] In this embodiment, the cleaning laser apparatus 1 further comprises an operating device 17 having a control function. The operating device 17 is configured, in particular, to automatically adapt the suction flow of the suction device 9 to the parameterization of the cleaning laser 5, and / or to trigger follow-up operation of the suction device 9 after the completion of the cleaning process, and / or to switch on the suction device 9 when the cleaning laser 5 is switched on. If the cleaning laser apparatus does not have an operating device 17, the suction device 9 must always be set to maximum suction force.

[0052] Furthermore, the cleaning device 1 includes a holding device 18 on which the cleaning laser 5 can be arranged. The holding device 18 (preferably a movable frame or an industrial robot 19 having a plurality of robotic arms 23 arranged to be movable relative to each other as shown in the embodiment) ensures that the laser optical system 6 of the cleaning laser 5 always has the same distance 20 from the surface 4 of the metal having the coating layer 3. In addition, the holding device 18 can ensure the accurate feed 22 of the cleaning laser 5. Thereby, the quality of laser cleaning is significantly improved as compared with the manual cleaning laser 5.

[0053] A method for removing a coating layer 3 having an asbestos-containing material 2 from the surface 4 of a metal during a cleaning process, wherein during the cleaning process, the asbestos fiber concentration in the workplace 21 is less than the asbestos fiber acceptance concentration of 10,000 F / m on average during a work shift 3 In this method, the removal of the coating layer 3 is performed using the cleaning laser device 1, and the cleaning laser device 1 includes a cleaning laser 5 having a laser optical system 7 that emits laser light 6 and a suction device 9 having a suction opening 8. The suction device 9 is suitable for sucking the vaporized coating layer 3 together with the released asbestos-containing material 2 through the suction opening 8 into the suction device 9 during the cleaning process. This method is preferably a low-emission method compliant with TRGS 519.

[0054] Low-exposure activities are low-risk operations defined in TRGS 910, and operations with an asbestos fiber tolerance concentration of less than 10,000 asbestos fibers / m 3 (abbreviation F / m 3 ). When such activities are carried out in a building, after all operations are completed, it must be demonstrated that the fiber concentration in the indoor air is less than 500 F / m 3 and the upper limit Poisson value is less than 1000 F / m 3 (measurement compliant with VDI3492).

[0055] The term "low-emission method" includes activities that comply with TRGS 519 No. 2.8, which are inspected and approved by the government or statutory disability insurance agency. The basis for the corresponding inspection is the assessment criteria developed by the German Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (IFA) attached to statutory disability insurance. Methods approved by statutory disability insurance agencies are now published in BGI664 (see www.dguv.de) (for the determination of asbestos fiber concentration within the inspection of this method, see TRGS519, No. 4.3, paragraph 2).

[0056] Preferably, the cleaning laser apparatus 1 is formed as an Nd:YAG solid-state laser 10 and has a cleaning laser 5 that emits invisible infrared light, in which case the infrared laser light 6, also called infrared light, is preferably emitted at a wavelength of 1064 nm.

[0057] The cleaning laser apparatus 1 has a single-pulse output particularly in the range of 200kW to 2000kW, with a pulse length in the range of 50ns to 200ns. In particular, a power density of several hundred kilowatts with a pulse length in the range of 80ns to 150ns, especially 200kW to 500kW, is advantageous.

[0058] The suction device 9 has a filter device 12, which further includes a filter shaker 14 suitable for cleaning the filter device 12. Dust removal from the filter device 12 can be performed manually as needed or controlled by an operating device. Such dust removal can be activated, for example, when the pressure loss occurring through the filter device 12, which can be detected particularly by pressure difference measurement, increases beyond a threshold.

[0059] Finally, the cleaning laser apparatus 1 is equipped with an operating device 17 having a control function, which is configured to automatically adjust the suction flow of the suction device 9 to the parameterization of the cleaning laser 5, and / or to trigger follow-up operation of the suction device 9 after the completion of the cleaning process, in which case the follow-up operation preferably operates for 30 seconds to 10 minutes, and / or is configured to switch on the suction device 9 when the cleaning laser 5 is switched on. While this application relates to the invention described in the claims, it also includes the following other aspects. 1. In a cleaning laser apparatus (1) that removes a coating layer (3) having an asbestos-containing material (2) from a metal surface (4) during the cleaning process, The cleaning laser apparatus (1) comprises a cleaning laser (5) having a laser optical system (7) that emits laser light (6), and a suction apparatus (9) having a suction aperture (8). During the cleaning process, the laser light (6) emitted from the laser optical system (7) can remove the coating layer (3) from the metal surface (4), and as a result, the asbestos-containing material (2) can be released at least partially. The suction opening (8) is positioned adjacent to the cleaning laser, and as a result, the removed coating layer (3), along with the released asbestos-containing material (2), can be sucked into the suction device (9) through the suction opening (8). A cleaning laser apparatus (1) characterized by the following. 2. The cleaning laser (5) is formed as an Nd:YAG solid-state laser (10). The cleaning laser apparatus (1) described in item 1 above, characterized in that it is a cleaning laser apparatus (1). 3. The cleaning laser (5) has a single pulse output greater than 200 kW, preferably greater than 500 kW, and more preferably greater than 1000 kW. A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to the above 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a cleaning laser apparatus (1). 4. The suction device (9) is equipped with a collection device (11) for the aspirated asbestos-containing material (2). A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to any one of the above 1 to 3, characterized in that it is the same as described above. 5. The collection device (11) of the suction device (9) is replaceable. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) described in item 4 above, characterized in that it is a cleaning laser apparatus (1). 6. The suction device (9) has a filter device (12), and the filter device (12) is preferably formed as a HEPA filter (13). A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to any one of the above 1 to 5, characterized in that it is the same as described above. 7. The filter device (12) includes a filter shaker (14), and the filter shaker (14) is preferably formed as a filter shaker (14) that is manually and mechanically operated. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) described in 6 above, characterized in that it is the same as described in 6 above. 8. The suction device (9) is formed as a vacuum suction device. A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to any one of the above 1 to 7, characterized in that it is the same as described above. 9. The suction device (9) has a suction force greater than 3kW, preferably greater than 5kW, and more preferably greater than 7kW. A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to any one of the above 1 to 8, characterized in that it is the same as described above. 10. The cleaning laser device (1) includes an enclosure (15), In this case, the enclosure (15) is formed so that the cleaning laser (5) does not contain asbestos during the cleaning process. A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to any one of the above 1 to 9, characterized in that it is the same as described above. 11. The enclosure (15) is formed as a casing (16) or a tubular film. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to the above 10, characterized in that it is a cleaning laser apparatus (1). 12. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) is equipped with an operating device (17) that has a control function, The operating device (17) is configured to automatically adjust the suction flow of the suction device (9) to match the parameterization of the cleaning laser (5). A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to any one of the above 1 to 11, characterized in that it is the same as described above. 13. The operating device (17) is configured to trigger follow-up operation of the suction device (9) after the completion of the cleaning process. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) described in 12 above, characterized in that it is a cleaning laser apparatus (1). 14. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) is equipped with a holding device (18), The holding device (18) can be positioned such that it is always at the same distance (20) from the surface (4) of the metal having the coating layer (3). A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to any one of the above 1 to 13, characterized in that it is the same as described above. 15. A method for removing a coating layer (3) having an asbestos-containing material (2) from a metal surface (4) during a cleaning process, During the cleaning process, the asbestos fiber concentration in the workplace (21) was 10,000 F / m³ on average for the work shift. 3 The asbestos fiber receptor concentration is less than the following: In this method, The coating layer (3) is removed using a cleaning laser device (1), and the cleaning laser device (1) comprises a cleaning laser (5) having a laser optical system (7) that emits laser light (6), and a suction device (9) having a suction aperture (8). A method characterized by the following: 16. The above method is a low-emission method that complies with TRGS519 as of March 31, 2022. The method described in 15 above, characterized by the features described above. 17. During the cleaning process, the removed coating layer (3), along with the released asbestos-containing material (2), is drawn into the suction device (9) through the suction opening (8). The method according to 15 or 16 above, characterized by the features described above. 18 The cleaning laser (5) is formed as an Nd:YAG solid-state laser (10) and emits invisible infrared laser light (6). A method according to any one of the above 15 to 17, characterized by the features described above. 19. The infrared laser light (6) is emitted at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The method described in 18 above, characterized by the features described above. 20. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) has a single pulse output with an output density in the range of 200kW to 2000kW, and a pulse length in the range of 50ns to 200ns. A method according to any one of the above 15 to 19, characterized by the features described above. 21. The suction device (9) has a filter device (12), In this case, the filter device (12) further comprises a filter shaker (14) suitable for cleaning the filter device (12). A method according to any one of the above 15 to 20, characterized by the following: 22. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) is equipped with an operating device (17) that has a control function, The operating device (17) is configured to automatically adjust the suction flow of the suction device (9) to match the parameterization of the cleaning laser (5). A method according to any one of the above 15 to 21, characterized by the features described above. 23. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) has an operating device (17) that has a control function, The operating device (17) is configured to trigger follow-up operation of the suction device (9) after the completion of the cleaning process. A method according to any one of the above 15 to 22, characterized by the features described above. 24. The aforementioned follow-up operation is performed for a period of 30 seconds to 10 minutes. The method described in 23 above, characterized by the features described therein. 25. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) is equipped with an operating device (17) that has a control function, In this case, the operating device (17) is configured such that when the cleaning laser (5) is switched on, the suction device (9) is switched on. A method according to any one of the above 15 to 24, characterized by the following:

Claims

1. A cleaning laser apparatus (1) for removing a coating layer (3) having an asbestos-containing material (2) from a metal surface (4) during the cleaning process, The cleaning laser apparatus (1) comprises a cleaning laser (5) having a laser optical system (7) that emits laser light (6), and a suction apparatus (9) having a suction opening (8). During the cleaning process, the laser light (6) emitted from the laser optical system (7) can remove the coating layer (3) from the metal surface (4), and as a result, the asbestos-containing material (2) can be released at least partially. The suction opening (8) is positioned adjacent to the cleaning laser, and as a result, the removed coating layer (3), along with the released asbestos-containing material (2), can be sucked into the suction device (9) through the suction opening (8). In the cleaning laser apparatus (1), The cleaning laser apparatus (1) is equipped with an operating device (17) that has a control function. The operating device (17) is configured to trigger follow-up operation of the suction device (9) after the completion of the cleaning process. A cleaning laser apparatus (1) characterized by the following:

2. The cleaning laser (5) is formed as an Nd:YAG solid-state laser (10). The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

3. The power density of the cleaning laser (5) has a single pulse output greater than 200 kW, or greater than 500 kW, or greater than 1000 kW. A cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The suction device (9) is equipped with a collection device (11) for the aspirated asbestos-containing material (2). The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

5. The collection device (11) of the suction device (9) is replaceable. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 4.

6. The suction device (9) has a filter device (12), and the filter device (12) is preferably formed as a HEPA filter (13). The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

7. The filter device (12) includes a filter shaker (14), and the filter shaker (14) is preferably formed as a filter shaker (14) that is manually and mechanically operated. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 6.

8. The suction device (9) is formed as a vacuum suction device. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

9. The suction device (9) has a suction force greater than 3 kW, or greater than 5 kW, or greater than 7 kW. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

10. The cleaning laser device (1) includes an enclosure (15), In this case, the enclosure (15) is formed so that the cleaning laser (5) does not contain asbestos during the cleaning process. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

11. The enclosure (15) is formed as a casing (16) or a tubular film. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to the feature described in 10.

12. The operating device (17) having a control function is configured to automatically adapt the suction flow of the suction device (9) to the parameterization of the cleaning laser (5), The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

13. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) is equipped with a holding device (18), The holding device (18) can be positioned such that it is always at the same distance (20) from the surface (4) of the metal having the coating layer (3). The cleaning laser apparatus (1) according to feature 1.

14. A method for removing a coating layer (3) having an asbestos-containing material (2) from a metal surface (4) during a cleaning process using the cleaning laser apparatus (1) described in Claim 1, During the cleaning process, the asbestos fiber concentration in the workplace (21) was 10,000 F / m on average for the work shift. ３ A method characterized by having an asbestos fiber receptor concentration below [a certain level].

15. The method according to 14, characterized in that the method is a low-emission method compliant with TRGS519 as of March 31, 2022.

16. During the cleaning process, the removed coating layer (3), along with the released asbestos-containing material (2), is drawn into the suction device (9) through the suction opening (8). The method according to 14 or 15, characterized by the features described herein.

17. The cleaning laser (5) is formed as an Nd:YAG solid-state laser (10) and emits invisible infrared laser light (6). The method according to feature 14.

18. The infrared laser light (6) is emitted at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The method according to feature 17.

19. The cleaning laser apparatus (1) has a single pulse output with an output density in the range of 200 kW to 2000 kW, and a pulse length in the range of 50 ns to 200 ns. The method according to feature 14.

20. The suction device (9) has a filter device (12), In this case, the filter device (12) further comprises a filter shaker (14) suitable for cleaning the filter device (12). The method according to feature 14.

21. The operating device (17) is configured to automatically adjust the suction flow of the suction device (9) to the parameterization of the cleaning laser (5), The method according to feature 14.

22. The follow-up operation of the suction device (9) is performed for a period of 30 seconds to 10 minutes. The method according to feature 14.

23. The operating device (17) is configured such that when the cleaning laser (5) is switched on, the suction device (9) is switched on. The method according to feature 14.

Images