Artificial epiglottis and swallowing / breathing switching device

Abstract

This artificial epiglottis comprises: a membrane-like piezoelectric element that bends depending on the voltage; and a first drive electrode that applies a voltage to the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element is disposed on the larynx. Depending on the voltage, the piezoelectric element assumes a first shape in which the piezoelectric element blocks the entrance of the trachea and a second shape in which piezoelectric element opens the entrance of the trachea.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an artificial laryngeal cover and an artificial technique for switching swallowing and breathing using the artificial laryngeal cover.

Background Art

[0002] In an aging society with a high proportion of elderly people, the number of patients with swallowing dysfunction is increasing. Swallowing dysfunction may cause aspiration. Aspiration is the entry of substances that should enter the esophagus from the mouth into the airway, which has various adverse effects on the human body.

[0003] Patent Document 1 describes a swallowing exercise assisting device. The device in Patent Document 1 mechanically assists in pushing up the thyroid cartilage from the front lower side to the upper side during the laryngeal elevation movement that occurs in the pharyngeal stage of the swallowing movement.

[0004] Patent Document 2 describes a method for treating swallowing disorders by electrical stimulation. The method in Patent Document 2 stimulates the muscles by electrical stimulation to assist swallowing.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] However, the prior arts as shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are for assisting and training swallowing. Therefore, it is difficult for the prior arts to sufficiently suppress aspiration.

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a device that more reliably suppresses aspiration.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] An artificial epiglottis according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a membrane-shaped piezoelectric element that bends with voltage, and a drive electrode that applies voltage to the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element is positioned in the larynx. The piezoelectric element takes on a first shape that closes the entrance to the trachea or a second shape that opens the entrance to the trachea with voltage.

[0009] In this configuration, the bending of a piezoelectric element allows the artificial epiglottis to switch between a state where the tracheal opening is blocked and a state where the tracheal opening is open. Because the artificial epiglottis is formed from a piezoelectric element, the switching speed is fast, the switching accuracy is high, and the ability to maintain the posture in each state is excellent. Therefore, swallowing and breathing can be switched more reliably. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] This invention makes it possible to more reliably suppress aspiration. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is an external perspective view showing an example of the configuration of a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figures 2(A) and 2(B) are configuration diagrams of a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 3(A) is a schematic diagram showing the respiratory state with the artificial epiglottis and swallowing / breathing switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention attached, and Figure 3(B) is a schematic diagram showing the swallowing state with the artificial epiglottis and swallowing / breathing switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention attached. [Figure 4] Figures 4(A) and 4(B) are configuration diagrams of a swallowing / breathing switching device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a swallowing / breathing switching device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] Figures 12(A), 12(B), and 12(C) are perspective views showing configuration examples of the artificial epiglottis according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing the curved state of the artificial epiglottis in Figure 12(A). [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] [First Embodiment] The artificial epiglottis and the swallowing respiration switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is an external perspective view of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figures 2(A) and 2(B) are configuration diagrams of the swallowing respiration switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where Figure 2(A) shows the first shape of the artificial epiglottis and Figure 2(B) shows the second shape of the artificial epiglottis. Figure 3(A) is a schematic diagram showing the respiratory state with the artificial epiglottis and the swallowing respiration switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 3(B) is a schematic diagram showing the swallowing state with the artificial epiglottis and the swallowing respiration switching device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] (Physical Configuration of the Swallowing Respiration Switching Device 10) As shown in FIGS. 1, 2(A), and 2(B), the swallowing respiration switching device 10 includes an artificial epiglottis 20, a drive signal generation unit 31, a fixture 32, a physical switch 39, and a cable 40.

[0014] The drive signal generation unit 31 is configured using at least one of electric circuit elements and electronic circuit elements. The drive signal generation unit 31 is built into a predetermined housing H31.

[0015] The physical switch 39 is provided on the housing H31. The physical switch 39 is electrically connected to the drive signal generation unit 31.

[0016] The fixture 32 is belt-shaped. The housing H31 is fixed to the front side of the fixture 32.

[0017] The cable 40 includes a first cable 41, a second cable 42, and a third cable 43. The first cable 41, the second cable 42, and the third cable 43 are, for example, conductors whose peripheral surfaces are covered with an insulating material. The insulating material of the first cable 41, the second cable 42, and the third cable 43 may be a biocompatible material.

[0018] One end of the cable 40 (the first cable 41, the second cable 42, and the third cable 43) is connected to the drive signal generation unit 31. The cable 40 (the first cable 41, the second cable 42, and the third cable 43) is arranged to extend from the back surface of the fixture 32. The other end of the cable 40 (the first cable 41, the second cable 42, and the third cable 43) is connected to the artificial epiglottis 20.

[0019] The artificial epiglottis 20 includes a piezoelectric element 210, a first drive electrode 221, a second drive electrode 222, and a third drive electrode 223. The piezoelectric element 210 includes a first piezoelectric element 211 and a second piezoelectric element 212.

[0020] The first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 are flat films. The first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 are mainly made of, for example, polylactic acid. The first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 expand or contract in a direction parallel to the flat film surface in response to the applied voltage.

[0021] The first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 are stacked so that their flat film surfaces are parallel to each other.

[0022] The first drive electrode 221 is positioned on the flat surface of the first piezoelectric element 211 opposite to the surface facing the second piezoelectric element 212. The second drive electrode 222 is positioned on the flat surface of the second piezoelectric element 212 opposite to the surface facing the first piezoelectric element 211. The third drive electrode 223 is positioned between the first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212. As a result, the first piezoelectric element 211 is sandwiched between the first drive electrode 221 and the third drive electrode 223. The second piezoelectric element 212 is sandwiched between the second drive electrode 222 and the third drive electrode 223.

[0023] In the artificial epiglottis 20 with this configuration, the first piezoelectric element 211 neither expands nor contracts when the third drive electrode 223 and the first drive electrode 221 are at the same potential. Similarly, the second piezoelectric element 212 neither expands nor contracts when the third drive electrode 223 and the second drive electrode 222 are at the same potential. Therefore, the artificial epiglottis 20 is not bent (curved) as shown in Figure 2(A). This state is the first shape of the artificial epiglottis 20.

[0024] On the other hand, when a voltage is applied to the first piezoelectric element 211 such that the first drive electrode 221 is at a positive potential relative to the third drive electrode 223, the first piezoelectric element 211 expands in a direction parallel to the flat film surface. Similarly, when a voltage is applied to the second piezoelectric element 212 such that the first drive electrode 221 is at a positive potential relative to the third drive electrode 223, the second piezoelectric element 212 contracts in a direction parallel to the flat film surface.

[0025] The first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the flat film surface. As described above, when the first piezoelectric element 211 expands and the second piezoelectric element 212 contracts, the artificial epiglottis 20, which is formed by the stacked structure of the first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212, bends (curves) toward the second piezoelectric element 212, as shown in Figure 2(B). This state is the second shape of the artificial epiglottis 20. In this case, the expansion due to the voltage applied to the first piezoelectric element 211 and the contraction due to the voltage applied to the second piezoelectric element 212 are synergistic, and the artificial epiglottis 20 bends more than when only the first piezoelectric element 211 is present or only the second piezoelectric element 212 is present.

[0026] Preferably, the first piezoelectric element 211, the second piezoelectric element 212, the first drive electrode 221, the second drive electrode 222, and the third drive electrode 223 constituting the artificial epiglottis 20 are made of biocompatible materials. However, as shown in Figure 1, the artificial epiglottis 20 may also be equipped with a cover C20. The cover C20 is flexible to the extent that it does not hinder the bending of the artificial epiglottis 20. If a cover C20 is provided, the first piezoelectric element 211, the second piezoelectric element 212, the first drive electrode 221, the second drive electrode 222, and the third drive electrode 223 do not have to be made of biocompatible materials, provided that the cover C20 is made of a biocompatible material.

[0027] (Electrical configuration of the swallowing and breathing switching device 10) The drive signal generation unit 31 of the swallowing / breathing switching device 10 includes a power supply circuit 311, an electrical switch 312, an electrical switch 313, and a switch control circuit 310.

[0028] The power supply circuit 311 includes DC power supplies DC1 and DC power supplies DC2. DC power supplies DC1 and DC power supplies DC2 are, for example, primary batteries and secondary batteries.

[0029] The negative terminals of DC1 and DC2 are connected. The nodes of the negative terminals of DC1 and DC2 are connected to the third drive electrode 223 of the artificial epiglottis 20 via the third cable 43.

[0030] The positive terminal of the DC power supply DC1 is connected to the electrical switch 312. The electrical switch 312 is connected to the first drive electrode 221 of the artificial epiglottis 20 via the first cable 41.

[0031] The positive terminal of the DC power supply DC2 is connected to the electrical switch 313. The electrical switch 313 is connected to the second drive electrode 222 of the artificial epiglottis 20 via the second cable 42.

[0032] The switch control circuit 310 is connected to the physical switch 39, as well as to the electrical switches 312 and 313.

[0033] The switch control circuit 310 generates switch control signals for the electrical switches 312 and 313 according to the operating state of the physical switch 39. The electrical switches 312 and 313 switch between open and short circuits according to the switch control signals.

[0034] For example, when the physical switch 39 is not operated, the switch control circuit 310 does not output a switch control signal to the electrical switches 312 and 313. In this case, the electrical switches 312 and 313 are open. Therefore, no DC voltage for driving is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20. As a result, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on the first shape shown in Figure 2(A).

[0035] On the other hand, when the physical switch 39 is operated, the switch control circuit 310 generates a switch control signal that switches between a Hi state and a Low state at a predetermined period and outputs it to the electrical switches 312 and 313.

[0036] Electrical switches 312 and 313 are short-circuited when the switch control signal is in the Hi state and open when the switch control signal is in the Low state.

[0037] When electrical switches 312 and 313 are open, no DC voltage for driving is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20 (an example of the first state of the driving signal). Therefore, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on the first shape shown in Figure 2(A).

[0038] When electrical switches 312 and 313 are short-circuited, a DC voltage for driving is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20 (an example of the second state of the driving signal). Therefore, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on the second shape shown in Figure 2(B).

[0039] Thus, the swallowing and breathing switching device 10 can switch between a first shape in which the artificial epiglottis 20 is not bent and a second shape in which the artificial epiglottis 20 is bent.

[0040] (Condition of being worn on the human body and in practical use) As shown in Figures 3(A) and 3(B), the artificial epiglottis 20 is positioned in the larynx of the body. More specifically, one end of the artificial epiglottis 20 in the direction in which the first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 expand and contract is fixed to the larynx. The other end of the artificial epiglottis 20 in the direction in which the first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 expand and contract is not fixed to the larynx and is a free end.

[0041] When no voltage is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20, it is positioned so as shown in Figure 3(A) that it does not obstruct the entrance to the trachea. Furthermore, when voltage is applied, the artificial epiglottis 20 is positioned so as shown in Figure 3(B) that it obstructs the entrance to the trachea.

[0042] The housing H31, which houses the drive signal generation unit 31, is attached to the front of the neck by the orthosis 32. The cables 40 (first cable 41, second cable 42, and third cable 43) are routed through the larynx and connect the drive signal generation unit 31 to the artificial epiglottis 20.

[0043] In this state, when the wearer presses the physical switch 39, the switch control circuit 310 is activated. The switch control circuit 310 switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switches 312 and 313.

[0044] More specifically, when the drive signal generation unit 31 (switch control circuit 310) opens the electrical switches 312 and 313, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on the first shape, as shown in Figure 3(A), and the entrance to the trachea is not blocked. Therefore, air from the nasal cavity enters the trachea, and breathing can be performed without any problems.

[0045] On the other hand, when the drive signal generation unit 31 (switch control circuit 310) short-circuits the electrical switches 312 and 313, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on a second shape, as shown in Figure 3(B), and the entrance to the trachea is blocked by the artificial epiglottis 20. Therefore, food (drinks) from the oral cavity enter the esophagus, and swallowing is performed without any problems.

[0046] In the above configuration, the opening and short-circuiting of electrical switches 312 and 313, that is, the switching between the first and second shapes of the artificial epiglottis 20 at a predetermined period, was shown. However, the swallowing / breathing switching device 10 may selectively open and short-circuit electrical switches 312 and 313. Specifically, the swallowing / breathing switching device 10 controls the system to short-circuit electrical switches 312 and 313 only when swallowing is occurring. The swallowing / breathing switching device 10 controls the system to open electrical switches 312 and 313 when not swallowing (during breathing).

[0047] As described above, by providing the artificial epiglottis 20 and the swallowing / breathing switching device 10, aspiration can be suppressed more reliably.

[0048] Furthermore, by more effectively suppressing aspiration, aspiration pneumonia can be prevented. Also, by more effectively suppressing aspiration, food can be taken orally without the need for gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Additionally, by more effectively suppressing aspiration, tracheostomy can be avoided. Finally, by more effectively suppressing aspiration, dietary restrictions, such as the need to thicken food, can be eliminated.

[0049] Furthermore, by equipping the device with an artificial epiglottis 20 and a swallowing / breathing switching device 10, problems associated with tracheal cannulas (pain during periodic replacement, suffocation due to blockage inside the tracheal cannula) can be prevented. In addition, by equipping the device with an artificial epiglottis 20 and a swallowing / breathing switching device 10, rehabilitation exercises to strengthen the muscles around the throat are not required.

[0050] Furthermore, the swallowing and breathing switching device 10 uses a first piezoelectric element 211 and a second piezoelectric element 212 in the artificial epiglottis 20. This configuration allows the swallowing and breathing switching device 10 to switch between the first and second shapes of the artificial epiglottis 20 at high speed. In addition, the artificial epiglottis 20 can stably maintain the first and second shapes. Moreover, the artificial epiglottis 20 can be realized with low power consumption. Furthermore, electromagnetic noise generated by the artificial epiglottis 20 is suppressed. In addition, the artificial epiglottis 20 can be made small and thin and can be easily placed at a desired location in the larynx. Furthermore, the artificial epiglottis 20 can be realized with a simple configuration.

[0051] Furthermore, the artificial epiglottis 20 is constructed by stacking two first piezoelectric elements 211 and a second piezoelectric element 212. Moreover, the first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 expand and contract (displacement direction) in opposite directions when voltage is applied. Therefore, the bending effect of the first piezoelectric element 211 and the bending effect of the second piezoelectric element 212 are synergistic. As a result, the artificial epiglottis 20 can achieve a greater degree of bending. Consequently, the difference between the first shape, which does not block the entrance to the trachea, and the second shape, which blocks the entrance to the trachea, can be increased, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0052] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric element 210 is shown as a laminate of a first piezoelectric element 211 and a second piezoelectric element 212 (bimorph drive). However, the piezoelectric element 210 only needs to include at least one of the first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 (unimorph drive).

[0053] [Second Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figures 4(A) and 4(B) are configuration diagrams of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, where Figure 4(A) shows the first shape of the artificial epiglottis and Figure 4(B) shows the second shape of the artificial epiglottis.

[0054] As shown in Figures 4(A) and 4(B), the swallowing-breathing switching device 10A according to the second embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it includes an artificial epiglottis 20A and a drive signal generation unit 31A. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10A are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0055] The swallowing / breathing switching device 10A comprises an artificial epiglottis 20A, a drive signal generation unit 31A, and a cable 40A. Cable 40A comprises a first cable 41 and a second cable 42.

[0056] The artificial epiglottis 20A comprises a first piezoelectric element 211, a second piezoelectric element 212, a first drive electrode 221, and a second drive electrode 222. The first piezoelectric element 211 and the second piezoelectric element 212 are stacked in contact with each other. The first drive electrode 221 is positioned on the surface of the first piezoelectric element 211 opposite to the contact surface of the second piezoelectric element 212. The second drive electrode 222 is positioned on the surface of the second piezoelectric element 212 opposite to the contact surface of the first piezoelectric element 211.

[0057] When a voltage is applied to the first piezoelectric element 211 such that the first drive electrode 221 is at a positive potential relative to the second drive electrode 222, the first piezoelectric element 211 expands in a direction parallel to the flat film surface. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to the second piezoelectric element 212 such that the first drive electrode 221 is at a positive potential relative to the second drive electrode 222, the second piezoelectric element 212 contracts in a direction parallel to the flat film surface.

[0058] The drive signal generation unit 31A includes a power supply circuit 311A, an electrical switch 312, and a switch control circuit 310. The power supply circuit 311A ​​includes a DC power supply DC10. The positive terminal of the DC power supply DC10 is connected to the first drive electrode 221 through the electrical switch 312 and the first cable 41. The negative terminal of the DC power supply DC10 is connected to the second drive electrode 222 through the second cable 42.

[0059] In this configuration, when the electrical switch 312 is short-circuited, a voltage from the DC power supply DC10 is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20A (an example of the first state of the drive signal). When the electrical switch 312 is opened, no voltage is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20A (an example of the second state of the drive signal).

[0060] With this configuration, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10A, like the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, can switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0061] [Third Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 5 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] As shown in Figure 5, the swallowing / breathing switching device 10B according to the third embodiment differs from the swallowing / breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it includes an artificial epiglottis 20B, a drive signal generation unit 31B, and a cable 40B. The artificial epiglottis 20B is the same as the artificial epiglottis 20 according to the second embodiment. A Similarly, cable 40B is the same as cable 40A in the second embodiment.

[0063] The drive signal generation unit 31B includes a power supply circuit 311B. The power supply circuit 311B includes an AC power supply. One output terminal of the AC power supply is connected to the first drive electrode 221 via the first cable 41. The other output terminal of the AC power supply is connected to the second drive electrode 222 via the second cable 42. The physical switch 39 is connected to the power supply circuit 311B.

[0064] The power supply circuit 311B receives an operation signal from the physical switch 39 and drives the AC power supply. The AC power supply applies an AC voltage to the artificial epiglottis 20B. The AC voltage is a voltage that alternates between a Hi state (an example of the first state of the drive signal) and a Low state (an example of the second state of the drive signal).

[0065] The artificial epiglottis 20B, for example, has a first shape that does not bend when the AC voltage is low, and a second shape that bends when the AC voltage is high.

[0066] For example, the period of alternating current voltage corresponds to the cycle of saliva production and breathing during sleep.

[0067] With this configuration, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10B, like the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, can switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0068] [Fourth Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 6 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] As shown in Figure 6, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10C according to the fourth embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a drive signal generation unit 31C. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10C are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0070] The swallowing / breathing switching device 10C includes a drive signal generation unit 31C. The drive signal generation unit 31C includes a power supply circuit 311C, a power transmission control unit 314, a power transmission coil 315, a power receiving coil 316, and a power receiving control unit 317. The power supply circuit 311C, the power transmission control unit 314, and the power transmission coil 315 are located outside the body. The power receiving coil 316 and the power receiving control unit 317 are located inside the body.

[0071] The power supply circuit 311C includes a DC power supply DC10. The DC power supply DC10 is connected to the power transmission control unit 314. The power transmission control unit 314 is connected to the power transmission coil 315.

[0072] The power receiving coil 316 is connected to the power receiving control unit 317. The power receiving control unit 317 is connected to the artificial epiglottis 20 through cables 40 (first cable 41, second cable 42, and third cable 43).

[0073] The power transmission control unit 314 receives an operation signal from the physical switch 39, converts the DC voltage from the DC power supply DC10, and supplies an AC transmission current to the power transmission coil 315. The power transmission coil 315 excites an alternating magnetic field with the AC transmission current.

[0074] The receiving coil 316 is coupled to an alternating magnetic field and generates an alternating current. The receiving control unit 317 rectifies the receiving current to generate a DC voltage, which is supplied to the artificial epiglottis 20.

[0075] Thus, the drive signal generation unit 31C employs a wireless power supply system.

[0076] With this configuration, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10C, like the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, can switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0077] The power receiving control unit 317 may also be equipped with a storage battery. The swallowing / breathing switching device 10C can supply voltage to the artificial epiglottis 20 even when there is no external unit in the drive signal generation unit 31C by charging the storage battery.

[0078] [Fifth Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 7 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] As shown in Figure 7, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10D according to the fifth embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a drive signal generation unit 31D. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10D are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0080] The swallowing / breathing switching device 10D includes a drive signal generation unit 31D. The drive signal generation unit 31D differs from the drive signal generation unit 31 in that it omits the switch control circuit 310.

[0081] In the drive signal generation unit 31D, the electric switches 312 and 313 are directly connected to the physical switch 39. The electric switches 312 and 313 switch between an open state and a short-circuit state in response to the operation signal from the physical switch 39.

[0082] With this configuration, the swallowing and breathing switching device 10D can directly reflect the user's actions and switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked.

[0083] [Sixth Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 8 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] As shown in Figure 8, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10E according to the sixth embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it omits the physical switch 39 and includes an electromyography sensor 51 and a control signal generation unit 52. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10E are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0085] The swallowing / breathing switching device 10E includes an electromyography sensor 51 and a control signal generation unit 52. The electromyography sensor 51 is positioned in the oral cavity of the body to which the artificial epiglottis 20 is attached. The electromyography sensor 51 detects the movement of the oral muscles and generates an electromyography detection signal. The electromyography sensor 51 outputs the electromyography detection signal to the control signal generation unit 52.

[0086] The control signal generation unit 52 pre-stores the electromyography (EMG) detection signals during swallowing and during respiration in its memory. The control signal generation unit 52 only needs to store at least the EMG detection signals during swallowing in its memory.

[0087] The control signal generation unit 52 outputs a control signal indicating the swallowing state to the switch control circuit 310 if the electromyography detection signal from the electromyography sensor 51 and the electromyography detection signal during swallowing are the same. When the switch control circuit 310 receives input of a control signal indicating the swallowing state, it generates a switch control signal to short-circuit the electrical switches 312 and 313. The switch control circuit 310 outputs the switch control signal to the electrical switches 312 and 313.

[0088] When electrical switches 312 and 313 are short-circuited by the switch control signal, a voltage is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20. As a result, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on a second shape that blocks the entrance to the trachea.

[0089] On the other hand, the control signal generation unit 52 will not output a control signal to the switch control circuit 310 unless the electromyography detection signal from the electromyography sensor 51 and the electromyography detection signal during swallowing are the same. The switch control circuit 310 will not generate a switch control signal to short-circuit the electrical switches 312 and 313 unless it receives a control signal input from the control signal generation unit 52.

[0090] When electrical switches 312 and 313 are opened, no voltage is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20. Therefore, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on a first shape that does not block the entrance to the trachea.

[0091] With the above configuration and control, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10E, like the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, can switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0092] Furthermore, the swallowing and breathing switching device 10E can switch between a state where the tracheal opening is not blocked and a state where the tracheal opening is blocked, depending on the mouth movements of the wearer of the artificial epiglottis 20. Therefore, the swallowing and breathing switching device 10E can more reliably suppress aspiration.

[0093] [Seventh Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 9 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0094] As shown in Figure 9, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10F according to the seventh embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it omits the physical switch 39 and includes an electroencephalogram sensor 61 and a control signal generation unit 62. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10F are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0095] The swallowing / breathing switching device 10F includes an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor 61 and a control signal generation unit 62. The EEG sensor 61 is positioned on the head to which the artificial epiglottis 20 is attached. The EEG sensor 61 detects brain waves and generates an EEG detection signal. The EEG sensor 61 outputs the EEG detection signal to the control signal generation unit 62.

[0096] The control signal generation unit 62 pre-stores the brainwave detection signals during swallowing and during respiration in its memory. However, the control signal generation unit 62 only needs to store at least the brainwave detection signals during swallowing in its memory.

[0097] The control signal generation unit 62 outputs a control signal indicating the swallowing state to the switch control circuit 310 if the brainwave detection signal from the brainwave sensor 61 and the brainwave detection signal during swallowing are the same. When the switch control circuit 310 receives input of a control signal indicating the swallowing state, it generates a switch control signal to short-circuit the electrical switches 312 and 313. The switch control circuit 310 outputs the switch control signal to the electrical switches 312 and 313.

[0098] When electrical switches 312 and 313 are short-circuited by the switch control signal, a voltage is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20. As a result, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on a second shape that blocks the entrance to the trachea.

[0099] On the other hand, the control signal generation unit 62 will not output a control signal to the switch control circuit 310 unless the brainwave detection signal from the brainwave sensor 61 and the brainwave detection signal during swallowing are the same. The switch control circuit 310 will not generate a switch control signal to short-circuit the electrical switches 312 and 313 unless it receives a control signal input from the control signal generation unit 62.

[0100] When electrical switches 312 and 313 are opened, no voltage is applied to the artificial epiglottis 20. Therefore, the artificial epiglottis 20 takes on a first shape that does not block the entrance to the trachea.

[0101] With the above configuration and control, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10F, like the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, can switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0102] Furthermore, the swallowing and breathing switching device 10F can switch between a state where the tracheal opening is not blocked and a state where the tracheal opening is blocked, depending on the brainwaves of the wearer of the artificial epiglottis 20 during swallowing and breathing. Therefore, the swallowing and breathing switching device 10F can more reliably suppress aspiration.

[0103] [Eighth Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 10 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

[0104] As shown in Figure 10, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10G according to the eighth embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a drive signal generation unit 31G. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10G are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0105] The swallowing / breathing switching device 10G includes a drive signal generation unit 31G. The drive signal generation unit 31G differs from the drive signal generation unit 31 of the first embodiment in that it includes a power supply circuit 311G and a drive control circuit 390. The other components of the drive signal generation unit 31G are the same as those of the drive signal generation unit 31, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0106] The power supply circuit 311G includes a variable voltage generator 3161, a variable voltage generator 3162, and a memory 3163. The variable voltage generators 3161 and 3162 are programmable variable voltage generators, and the voltage value of the DC voltage they output can be set.

[0107] Memory 3163 stores voltage values ​​corresponding to the wearer. More specifically, memory 3163 stores the relationship between the bending angle of the artificial epiglottis 20 for the wearer and the voltage corresponding to that bending angle.

[0108] The drive control circuit 390 controls the variable voltage generators 3161 and 3162 based on the relationship between the bending angle of the artificial epiglottis 20 and the voltage corresponding to that bending angle. Based on the control from the drive control circuit 390, the variable voltage generators 3161 and 3162 generate a DC voltage corresponding to the voltage value stored in the memory 3163.

[0109] The drive control circuit 390 controls the drive of the variable voltage generators 3161 and 3162, and also controls the opening and short-circuiting of the electrical switches 312 and 313. The control of the electrical switches 312 and 313 by the drive control circuit 390 is the same as the control of the switch control circuit 310 described above.

[0110] With the above configuration and control, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10G, like the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, can switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0111] Furthermore, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10G can control the voltage value applied to the artificial epiglottis 20 using variable voltage generators 3161 and 3162. This allows the amount of bending of the artificial epiglottis 20 to be adjusted according to the wearer. Therefore, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10G can more reliably suppress aspiration.

[0112] [Ninth Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 11 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.

[0113] As shown in Figure 11, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10H according to the ninth embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it is equipped with connectors 318 and 49. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10H are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0114] The swallowing / breathing switching device 10H includes a drive signal generation unit 31H. The drive signal generation unit 31H differs from the drive signal generation unit 31 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a connector 318. The other components of the drive signal generation unit 31H are the same as those of the drive signal generation unit 31, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0115] Connector 318 is connected to electrical switch 312, electrical switch 313, and the nodes of DC power supply DC1 and DC power supply DC2 in the power supply circuit 311.

[0116] The connector 49 is connected to the cable 40 (first cable 41, second cable 42, and third cable 43).

[0117] Connectors 318 and 49 are detachable from each other. When connectors 318 and 49 are connected, the electrical switch 312 is connected to the first cable 41, and the electrical switch 313 is connected to the second cable 42. The nodes of DC power supply DC1 and DC power supply DC2 in the power supply circuit 311 are connected to the third cable 43.

[0118] With the above configuration, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10H, like the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, can switch between a state where the tracheal inlet is not blocked and a state where the tracheal inlet is blocked, thereby more reliably suppressing aspiration.

[0119] Furthermore, the swallowing / breathing switching device 10H has a replaceable drive signal generation unit 31H. Therefore, the swallowing / breathing switching device 10H becomes more user-friendly for the wearer.

[0120] [Tenth Embodiment] An artificial epiglottis according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figures 12(A), 12(B), and 12(C) are perspective views showing examples of the configuration of the artificial epiglottis according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention, respectively. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing the curved state of the artificial epiglottis in Figure 12(A). The dotted line in Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing an example where there are no parts with different piezoelectric constants as shown in Figure 12(A) (consisting of one type of piezoelectric constant).

[0121] As shown in Figure 12(A), the artificial epiglottis 20I1 according to the tenth embodiment differs from the artificial epiglottis 20 according to the first embodiment in that the piezoelectric element is composed of multiple parts with different piezoelectric constants. The basic configuration of the artificial epiglottis 20I1 is the same as that of the artificial epiglottis 20, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0122] The artificial epiglottis 20I1 includes a first piezoelectric element 211I and a second piezoelectric element 212I.

[0123] The first piezoelectric element 211I comprises a first portion 2111 and a second portion 2112. The first portion 2111 and the second portion 2112 are arranged in the order of first portion 2111 and second portion 2112, from one end of the first piezoelectric element 211I (the fixed end fixed to the pharynx) to the other end (the movable end) (direction L in the figure).

[0124] The piezoelectric constant of the second part 2112 is higher than the piezoelectric constant of the first part 2111.

[0125] The second piezoelectric element 212I comprises a third portion 2121 and a fourth portion 2122. The third portion 2121 and the fourth portion 2122 are arranged in the order of third portion 2121 and fourth portion 2122, from one end of the second piezoelectric element 212I (the fixed end fixed to the pharynx) to the other end (the movable end) (direction L in the figure).

[0126] The piezoelectric constant of the fourth part 2122 is higher than the piezoelectric constant of the third part 2121. The piezoelectric constant of the fourth part 2122 is the same as the piezoelectric constant of the second part 2112, and the piezoelectric constant of the third part 2121 is the same as the piezoelectric constant of the first part 2111.

[0127] The first drive electrode 221 overlaps the first portion 2111 and the second portion 2112. The second drive electrode 222 overlaps the third portion 2121 and the fourth portion 2122. The third drive electrode 223 is positioned between the first portion 2111 and the third portion 2121, and also between the second portion 2112 and the fourth portion 2122.

[0128] As a result, the same voltage is applied to the first stacked section, in which the first section 2111 and the third section 2121 are stacked, and to the second stacked section, in which the second section 2112 and the fourth section 2122 are stacked.

[0129] The piezoelectric constant of the second stacked portion, in which the second portion 2112 and the fourth portion 2122 are stacked, is higher than the piezoelectric constant of the first stacked portion, in which the first portion 2111 and the third portion 2121 are stacked.

[0130] Therefore, as shown in Figure 13, the second laminated section is more curved than the first laminated section.

[0131] In cases where the tracheal opening or esophagus is small, an artificial epiglot that does not have multiple piezoelectric constants may block part of the esophagus, or the artificial epiglot may not be able to fit snugly against the tracheal opening, as shown by the dotted line in Figure 13.

[0132] However, the artificial epiglottis 20I1 has a larger movable end portion than the fixed end portion. Curvature This ensures a more reliable opening area for the esophagus and allows the artificial epiglottis 20I1 to adhere more securely to the tracheal opening.

[0133] In this process, the curvature of the artificial epiglottis 20I1 can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage. Therefore, the artificial epiglottis 20I1 can more reliably secure the esophageal opening area and ensure a more secure seal with the tracheal opening, depending on the wearer.

[0134] As shown in Figure 12(B), the artificial epiglottis 20I2 differs from the artificial epiglottis 20I1 in the configuration of its drive electrodes. The other components of the artificial epiglottis 20I2 are the same as those of the artificial epiglottis 20I1, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0135] The artificial epiglottis 20I2 comprises a first drive electrode 2211, a second drive electrode 2221, a third drive electrode 2231, a fourth drive electrode 2212, a fifth drive electrode 2222, and a sixth drive electrode 2232.

[0136] The first drive electrode 2211 and the fourth drive electrode 2212 are arranged side by side, spaced apart from each other, in the L direction of the artificial epiglottis 20I2. The second drive electrode 2221 and the fifth drive electrode 22 2 Electrodes 2 are arranged in the L-direction of the artificial epiglottis 20I2, spaced apart from each other. The third drive electrode 2231 and the sixth drive electrode 2232 are arranged in the L-direction of the artificial epiglottis 20I2, spaced apart from each other.

[0137] The first drive electrode 2211 and the third drive electrode 2231 are positioned on either side of the first portion 2111 of the first piezoelectric element 211I. The fourth drive electrode 2212 and the sixth drive electrode 2232 are positioned on either side of the second portion 2112 of the first piezoelectric element 211I.

[0138] The second drive electrode 2221 and the third drive electrode 2231 are the second of the second piezoelectric element 212I. 3 They are positioned on either side of portion 2121. The fifth drive electrode 2222 and the sixth drive electrode 2232 are the second of the second piezoelectric element 212I 4 It is positioned with part 2122 in between.

[0139] The first drive electrode 2211 and the fourth drive electrode 2212 are connected to the first cable 41I2. The second drive electrode 2221 and the fifth drive electrode 2212 are connected to the second cable 42I2. The third drive electrode 2231 and the sixth drive electrode 2232 are connected to the third cable 43I2.

[0140] With this configuration, the artificial epiglottis 20I2 produces the same effects as the artificial epiglottis 20I1.

[0141] As shown in Figure 12(C), the artificial epiglottis 20I3 differs from the artificial epiglottis 20I2 in the configuration of the cables connected to the drive electrodes. The other components of the artificial epiglottis 20I3 are the same as those of the artificial epiglottis 20I2, and the explanation of the similar parts is omitted.

[0142] Artificial epiglottis 20I 3 It comprises a first cable 411, a second cable 421, a third cable 431, a fourth cable 412, a fifth cable 422, and a sixth cable 432.

[0143] The first cable 411 is connected to the first drive electrode 2211, and the fourth cable 412 is connected to the fourth drive electrode 2212. The second cable 421 is connected to the second drive electrode 2221, and the fifth cable 422 is connected to the fifth drive electrode 22 2 Connect to 2. The third cable 431 is connected to the third drive electrode 2231, and the sixth cable 432 is connected to the sixth drive electrode 2232.

[0144] With this configuration, the artificial epiglottis 20I3 produces the same effects as the artificial epiglottises 20I1 and 20I2.

[0145] Furthermore, the artificial epiglottis 20I3 can have different voltages applied to the fixed end and the movable end. Therefore, the amount of curvature of the artificial epiglottis 20I3 can be further adjusted. This allows the artificial epiglottis 20I3 to be more precisely adjusted to the shape of the wearer.

[0146] In this embodiment, a configuration is shown in which the artificial epiglottis has multiple parts with different piezoelectric constants along the L direction. However, a configuration is also possible in which the artificial epiglottis has multiple parts with different piezoelectric constants along the W direction (the direction perpendicular to the L direction). Furthermore, the number of parts with different piezoelectric constants is not limited to two, but may be three or more.

[0147] [Embodiment 11] An artificial epiglottis and a swallowing / breathing switching device according to the 11th embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures. Figure 14 is a configuration diagram of the swallowing / breathing switching device according to the 11th embodiment of the present invention.

[0148] As shown in Figure 14, the swallowing-breathing switching device 10J according to the 11th embodiment differs from the swallowing-breathing switching device 10 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a drive signal generation unit 31J. The other components of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10J are the same as those of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10, and a description of the similar parts will be omitted.

[0149] The drive signal generation unit 31J includes a drive control circuit 390J and a power supply circuit 311J. The power supply circuit 311J includes a variable voltage generator 3161J and a variable voltage generator 3162J.

[0150] The drive control circuit 390J controls the output voltages of the variable voltage generators 3161J and 3162J, i.e., the voltage supplied to the artificial epiglottis 20, based on the pressed state and pressing history of the physical switch 39.

[0151] For example, when the drive control circuit 390J detects that the physical switch 39 has been pressed, it performs output control in the first state. In the first state output control, the drive control circuit 390J performs output control of +3V to the variable voltage generator 3161J and output control of -3V to the variable voltage generator 3162J.

[0152] Next, when the drive control circuit 390J detects a further press of the physical switch 39, it performs output control for the second state. In the second state output control, the drive control circuit 390J controls the output of -3V to the variable voltage generator 3161J and controls the output of +3V to the variable voltage generator 3162J.

[0153] Next, when the drive control circuit 390J detects a further press of the physical switch 39, it performs output control for the first state. In the first state output control, the drive control circuit 390J performs output control of +3V to the variable voltage generator 3161J and output control of -3V to the variable voltage generator 3162J.

[0154] The drive control circuit 390J then repeatedly performs output control of the first state and output control of the second state.

[0155] This configuration allows the swallowing / breathing switching device 10J to easily control the voltage supplied to the artificial epiglottis 20. Furthermore, the swallowing / breathing switching device 10J can change the artificial epiglottis 20 to the shape desired by the wearer at the timing desired by the wearer.

[0156] Furthermore, the configurations of each embodiment described above can be combined as appropriate, and effects corresponding to each combination can be achieved. For example, the configuration of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10E according to the sixth embodiment and the configuration of the swallowing-breathing switching device 10F according to the seventh embodiment can be combined. With this combination, the swallowing-breathing switching device can switch between a state in which the entrance to the trachea is not blocked and a state in which the entrance to the trachea is blocked, using electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). Therefore, aspiration can be suppressed even more reliably.

[0157] <1> A film-like piezoelectric element that bends with voltage, A drive electrode for applying the voltage to the piezoelectric element, Equipped with, The piezoelectric element is Located in the larynx, An artificial epiglottis that, upon application of the voltage, takes on a first shape that closes the entrance to the trachea or a second shape that opens the entrance to the trachea.

[0158] <2> The piezoelectric elements are multiple in number, The plurality of piezoelectric elements are stacked in such a state that their film surfaces are parallel to each other. The plurality of piezoelectric elements generate bending that is synergistically affected by the voltage. <1> Artificial epiglottis.

[0159] <3> The plurality of piezoelectric elements are composed of a first piezoelectric element and a second piezoelectric element. The direction of displacement when the voltage is applied is opposite in the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element. <2> Artificial epiglottis.

[0160] <4> <1> ~ <3> One of the artificial epiglottises, A drive signal generation unit that generates a drive signal that produces the aforementioned voltage, A swallowing / breathing switching device equipped with this device.

[0161] <5> The drive signal generation unit switches between the first state of the drive signal and the second state of the drive signal. The artificial epiglottis switches between the first shape and the second shape depending on the first state and the second state. <4> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0162] <6> The drive signal generation unit includes an electrical switch, and switches between the first state and the second state by opening or short-circuiting the electrical switch. <5> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0163] <7> The system includes a physical switch that controls the aforementioned electrical switch. <6> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0164] <8> The drive signal generation unit includes an AC power supply and switches between the first state and the second state depending on the positive or negative voltage from the AC power supply. <5> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0165] <9> The drive signal generation unit is located outside the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached. The system includes a cable connecting the drive signal generation unit and the artificial epiglottis. <4> ~ <8> One of the following swallowing / breathing switching devices.

[0166] <10> The drive signal generation unit is located outside the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached. The drive signal generation unit is A power transmission coil located outside the body, A receiving coil, which is placed inside the body and connected to the artificial epiglottis, Equipped with, <4> ~ <8> One of the following swallowing / breathing switching devices.

[0167] <11> An electromyograph sensor that detects the movement of the oral muscles of the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached and generates an electromyograph detection signal, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the electromyography detection signal. <6> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0168] <12> A memory that stores the relationship between the electromyography detection signal and swallowing and respiration, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the relationship between the electromyography detection signal stored in the memory and swallowing and breathing. <11> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0169] <13> An electroencephalogram sensor that detects the brain waves of the body to which the artificial epiglot is attached and generates an electroencephalogram detection signal, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the electroencephalogram detection signal. <6> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0170] <14> A memory that stores the relationship between the electroencephalogram detection signal and swallowing and respiration, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the relationship between the electroencephalogram detection signal stored in the memory and swallowing and breathing. <13> A swallowing / breathing switching device.

[0171] <15> The drive signal generation unit includes a programmable variable voltage converter. <4> ~ <14> One of the following swallowing / breathing switching devices.

[0172] <16> A memory that stores the relationship between the bending angle of the artificial epiglottis for the wearer of the artificial epiglottis and the voltage corresponding to the bending angle, A drive control circuit for controlling the output voltage of the programmable variable voltage regulator, Equipped with, The drive control circuit controls the output voltage of the programmable variable voltmeter based on the relationship between the bending angle of the artificial epiglottis for the wearer of the artificial epiglottis and the voltage corresponding to the bending angle, which is stored in the memory. <15> A swallowing / breathing switching device. [Explanation of symbols]

[0173] 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H, 10J: Swallowing and breathing switching device 20, 20A, 20B, 20I1, 20I2, 20I3: Artificial epiglottis 31, 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D, 31G, 31H: Drive signal generation unit 32: Orthotics 39: Physical switch 40, 40A, 40B: Cable 41: Cable No. 1 42: Second cable 43: Third Cable 49: Connector 51: Electromyography Sensor 52: Control signal generation unit 61: EEG sensor 62: Control signal generation unit 211, 211I: First piezoelectric element 2111: Part 1 2122:Second part 212, 212I: Second piezoelectric element 2121: Third part 2122: 4th part 221, 2211: First drive electrode 222, 2221: Second drive electrode 223, 2231: Third drive electrode 2212: Fourth drive electrode 2222: Fifth drive electrode 2232: 6th drive electrode 310: Switch control circuit 311, 311A, 311B, 311C, 311G, 311J: Power supply circuit 312, 313: Electrical switches 314: Power transmission control unit 315: Power transmission coil 316: Power receiving coil 317: Power Receiving Control Unit 318: Connector 390, 390J: Drive control circuit 41, 41I2, 411: First cable 42, 42I2, 421: Second cable 43, 43I2, 431: Third cable 412: Fourth cable 422: Cable No. 5 432: Cable No. 6 3161, 3162, 3161J, 3162J: Variable voltage generator 3163: Memory AC: Alternating current power supply C20: Cover DC1, DC10, DC2: DC power supply H31: Enclosure

Claims

1. A film-like piezoelectric element that bends with voltage, A drive electrode for applying the voltage to the piezoelectric element, Equipped with, The piezoelectric element is Located in the larynx, The voltage results in either a first shape that blocks the entrance to the trachea or a second shape that opens the entrance to the trachea. Artificial epiglottis.

2. The piezoelectric elements are multiple in number, The plurality of piezoelectric elements are stacked in such a state that their film surfaces are parallel to each other. The plurality of piezoelectric elements generate bending that is synergistically affected by the voltage. The artificial epiglottis according to claim 1.

3. The plurality of piezoelectric elements are composed of a first piezoelectric element and a second piezoelectric element. The direction of displacement when the voltage is applied is opposite in the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element. The artificial epiglottis according to claim 2.

4. An artificial epiglottis according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, A drive signal generation unit that generates a drive signal that produces the aforementioned voltage, Equipped with, Swallowing / breathing switching device.

5. The drive signal generation unit switches between the first state of the drive signal and the second state of the drive signal. The artificial epiglottis switches between the first shape and the second shape depending on the first state and the second state. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 4.

6. The drive signal generation unit includes an electrical switch, and switches between the first state and the second state by opening or short-circuiting the electrical switch. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 5.

7. The system includes a physical switch that controls the aforementioned electrical switch. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 6.

8. The drive signal generation unit is equipped with an AC power supply and switches between the first state and the second state depending on the positive or negative voltage from the AC power supply. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 5.

9. The drive signal generation unit is located outside the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached. The system includes a cable connecting the drive signal generation unit and the artificial epiglottis. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 4.

10. The drive signal generation unit is located outside the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached. The drive signal generation unit is A power transmission coil located outside the body, A receiving coil, which is placed inside the body and connected to the artificial epiglottis, Equipped with, The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 4.

11. An electromyograph sensor that detects the movement of the oral muscles of the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached and generates an electromyograph detection signal, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the electromyography detection signal. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 6.

12. A memory that stores the relationship between electromyographic signals obtained by detecting the movement of the oral muscles of the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached, and swallowing and breathing, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the relationship between the electromyography detection signal stored in the memory and swallowing and breathing. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 6.

13. An electroencephalogram sensor that detects the brain waves of the body to which the artificial epiglot is attached and generates an electroencephalogram detection signal, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the electroencephalogram detection signal. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 6.

14. A memory that stores the relationship between brainwave detection signals obtained by detecting brainwaves of the body to which the artificial epiglottis is attached, and swallowing and breathing, A switch control circuit that controls the opening and short-circuiting of the aforementioned electrical switch, Equipped with, The switch control circuit switches between opening and short-circuiting the electrical switch based on the relationship between the electroencephalogram detection signal stored in the memory and swallowing and breathing. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 6.

15. The drive signal generation unit includes a programmable variable voltage converter. The swallowing and breathing switching device according to claim 4.

16. A memory that stores the relationship between the bending angle of the artificial epiglottis for the wearer of the artificial epiglottis and the voltage corresponding to the bending angle, A drive control circuit for controlling the output voltage of the programmable variable voltage regulator, Equipped with, The drive control circuit controls the output voltage of the programmable variable voltmeter based on the relationship between the bending angle of the artificial epiglottis for the wearer of the artificial epiglottis and the voltage corresponding to the bending angle, which is stored in the memory. The swallowing / breathing switching device according to claim 15.

Images