ADAPTIVE ROUTING UNIT FOR AERONAUTICAL RADIO COMMUNICATION NETWORK NODES WITH TECHNICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FUNCTION

Abstract

This utility model relates to aircraft onboard radio-electronic equipment. The technical result consists of increasing the survivability and resilience of an airborne radio communication network when exposed to destabilizing factors. The device comprises a data transmission network control panel, an adaptive device control unit, a network communication line status memory register, units for determining the composition and availability of new routes, a communication line parameter value memory unit, an optimal route determination unit, a communication line control unit, and an information display with a network diagram.Additionally, the device is equipped with a microelectronic systems telemetry collection unit, a geoinformation data processing unit with primary and backup channels, a technical risk metric calculation unit, a unit for searching for an optimal route based on the criterion of minimum total technical risk, a unit for generating routing tables for a standard special router, a real-time clock with a battery backup for time synchronization, and a MIL-STD-1553 interface for interaction with the onboard information and control system. 1 fig.

Description

[0001] This utility model pertains to the field of aviation onboard electronic equipment, specifically to computing routing units for airborne radio communication network (ARCN) nodes of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating under the targeted influence of destabilizing factors (DF) sources—electronic warfare systems, natural interference, and fire damage. The adaptive routing unit for airborne radio communication network nodes with a technical risk assessment function (BAM-TP) is a specialized onboard module connected in parallel to the standard communication system (CS) of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

[0002] The proposed device allows for the real-time collection and processing of telemetry from UAV microelectronic systems (processor load, temperature of transmitting and receiving modules), the integration of geoinformation data (digital terrain maps, height matrices, line of combat contact), the calculation of a technical risk metric for each edge of the network graph, the selection of a data transmission route that minimizes the total risk, and the transfer of optimized routing tables to a standard router, which ensures proactive adaptive routing, increasing the survivability of the UAV system in a complex tactical situation.

[0003] An analysis of current solutions shows that existing onboard routers and route selection methods in airborne radio networks have a number of significant limitations: the lack of direct consideration of the spatial and energy characteristics of the IDF; the inability to predict the physical or electromagnetic destruction of the channel; the absence of a specialized computer within the KSS that combines microelectronic telemetry and geospatial data to calculate technical risk metrics; and a dependence on metrics such as the number of hops, throughput, and latency, which do not reflect the actual threat of communication loss in the SVRS.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for an on-board device capable of not only assessing the current technical condition of a node, but also proactively predicting the risk of communication failure based on the integration of telemetry and geoinformation information, with subsequent automatic generation of routing tables for a special router.

[0005] The following technical solutions are known in this technical field.

[0006] A method and device for interference-based routing in a wireless mesh network are known [Russian Federation Patent for Invention No. 2404525 C2, IPC H04L 12 / 56, H04W 40 / 16]. The device comprises processing circuits, memory, and a detector, and selects a route by determining the interference energy for each transit segment, taking into account the transmission time, transmitter power, and the number of nodes within the interference zone. The route is selected based on the criterion of minimizing the total combined interference energy. This solution optimizes network throughput and node power consumption.

[0007] However, a drawback of the known device is that it relies solely on current interference estimates based on measured signal parameters and energy propagation models, but does not utilize a priori geoinformation data on terrain, coordinates, and IDF coverage areas. The device does not include the means to collect and analyze telemetry from the node's microelectronic systems (FPGA failures, ADC degradation, processor load) and does not predict changes in the node's technical condition. Furthermore, it does not generate routing tables for the standard dedicated router, which limits its use in existing airborne nodes.

[0008] A router for establishing communication between a client device and onboard aircraft systems is known [patent EP 2779481 B1, IPC H04 B 7 / 185, H04L 12 / 801]. The router provides a connection between a ground-based client device and an onboard server via a virtual private network and interacts with a closed avionics data network, supporting network address translation. It is implemented as a hardware module installed onboard the aircraft.

[0009] The disadvantage of this router is its focus on connecting to onboard systems in civil aviation and the lack of adaptive routing capabilities in dynamically changing tactical situations and under IDF attack. The device does not include technical risk assessment units, does not integrate geoinformation data, and does not analyze microelectronic system telemetry, and therefore cannot be used for proactively selecting data transmission routes in combat UAV air defense systems.

[0010] The adaptive data transmission network control device [Russian Federation Patent for Invention No. 2435318 C1, IPC H04L 12 / 24] was selected as a prototype. The device comprises a control panel, a memory register for the status of network channel sections, units for determining the composition and presence of new routes, a memory unit for channel characteristic values, a unit for determining the optimal route, and a unit for managing network channel sections. It ensures automatic network adaptation to the failure of individual channels and the selection of the optimal route based on stored channel characteristics, such as reliability. The network structure is described as fragments of a fully connected graph, and route search is performed by hardware transformation of logical connectivity formulas.

[0011] However, the prototype has the following disadvantages:

[0012] does not contain a specialized technical risk assessment block that combines the probabilistic component (the probability of bit error) and the deterministic forecast of damage from known IDFs (damage forecast coefficient);

[0013] does not have a channel for receiving, storing and processing geoinformation data (digital terrain maps, height matrices, combat contact lines) and, as a result, is not capable of assessing the radio accessibility of nodes taking into account the terrain and affected areas;

[0014] there is no subsystem for collecting and analyzing telemetry of the microelectronic systems of the unit itself (ADC degradation, accumulated FPGA failures, processor load), which is necessary for predicting the technical condition;

[0015] There is no provision for proactive rerouting based on risk change forecasts, which reduces the responsiveness to dynamic tactical situations.

[0016] The task that the claimed utility model is aimed at solving is the creation of an on-board adaptive routing unit that implements the selection of a data transmission route in the SVRS based on the criterion of the minimum total technical risk, calculated in real time using on-board telemetry of microelectronic systems and geoinformation data.

[0017] The technical result is an increase in the survivability and stability of the airborne radio communication network when exposed to IDF by ensuring proactive route selection that minimizes technical risk, as well as by integrating in a single onboard module the subsystems for collecting telemetry, storing and processing GIS data for risk calculation and generating optimized routing tables.

[0018] The technical result is achieved in that the adaptive routing unit, containing a control panel for the information transmission network (1), a control unit for the operation of the adaptive device (2), a register for the memory of the state of the network channel sections (3), a unit for determining the composition of the new route channel sections (4), a unit for determining the presence of new information transmission routes (5), a unit for recording new routes (6), a unit for indicating the presence of new routes (7), a unit for generating data for indicating new routes (8), a unit for storing the values ​​of the characteristics of the network channel sections (10, a unit for determining the optimal route (10), a unit for controlling the network channel sections (11) and an information board with a network diagram (12), is additionally equipped with a unit for collecting telemetry of microelectronic systems (13), connected via SPI interfaces (serial peripheral interface), I 2C (inter-chip bus) and CAN (local area network of controllers) to the sensors of microelectronic systems, a GIS data processing unit (14), the input of which is connected via an Ethernet channel (RMII interface - a reduced interface independent of the transmission medium, and Ethernet PHY - physical layer) to the digital signal processing unit (DSP-B), and the backup input - via the RS-485 interface (serial data transmission interface), a technical risk metric calculation unit (15), which calculates for each edge of the network graph a combined indicator based on the probability of a bit error coming from the memory register of the state of the network channel sections (3), and the damage forecast coefficient determined by the GIS data processing unit (14), a unit for searching for an optimal route based on the criterion of minimum total technical risk (16), a routing table generation unit (17), the output of which is intended for transmission to a standard special router via the Ethernet interface,and is also additionally equipped with a real-time clock (18) with a battery backup, connected to units (13), (14) and (15) to provide a single time scale, and a MIL-STD - 1553 interface for interaction with the on-board information and control system (BIUS).,

[0019] Fig. 1 shows the structural diagram of the adaptive routing block BAM-TP

[0020] 1 - control panel of the information transmission network;

[0021] 2 - control unit for the operation of the adaptive device;

[0022] 3 - register for memory of network channel sections status;

[0023] 4 - block for determining the composition of channel sections of new routes;

[0024] 5 - block for determining the presence of new information transmission routes;

[0025] 6 - block for fixing new routes;

[0026] 7 - new route availability indication block;

[0027] 8 - block for generating data indicating new routes;

[0028] 9 - memory block of the values ​​of characteristics of network channel sections;

[0029] 10 - block for determining the optimal route (can be used as a backup);

[0030] 11 - network channel section control unit;

[0031] 12 - information board with network diagram;

[0032] 13 - microelectronic systems telemetry collection unit;

[0033] 14 - GIS data processing block (caching, radio accessibility calculation);

[0034] 15 - technical risk metric calculation block;

[0035] 16 - block for searching for the optimal route based on the criterion of minimum total technical risk;

[0036] 17 - block for generating routing tables for a standard special router;

[0037] 18 - Real Time Clock (RTC) with battery backup;

[0038] 19 - MIL-STD - 1553 interface for interaction with the combat information and control system.

[0039] The main functional relationships shown in the figure by lines with arrows:

[0040] the output of block 13 (telemetry) is connected to the first input of block 15 (risk calculation) - transmission of normalized time series of telemetry of microelectronic systems;

[0041] output of block 14 (GIS data is connected to the second input of block 15 - transmission of calculated damage forecast coefficients;

[0042] The output of block 3 (channel status register) is connected to the third input of block 15 - current bit error probabilities and channel performance data;

[0043] The output of block 9 (channel characteristic memory) is connected to the fourth input of block 15 - reference reliability values ​​or weighting factors;

[0044] The output of block 15 (technical risk matrix) is connected to the input of block 16 (route search);

[0045] The output of block 16 (optimal route) is connected to the input of block 17 (formation of routing tables);

[0046] The output of block 17 is intended for connection to an external standard special router (shown as an Ethernet output port);

[0047] Block 18 (RTC) is connected to the clock inputs of blocks 13, 14 and 15, providing a single time scale;

[0048] Block 19 (MIL-STD - 1553) is connected to the BIUS (external source) and transmits node coordinates, routing policies and control commands to the inputs of blocks 13 and 14.

[0049] Blocks 1-12 operate according to the known prototype scheme, providing the operator with information on the topology and channel status. Block 10 can perform a backup route selection function, while the primary determination of the optimal route is performed by blocks 15 and 16.

[0050] Device operation.

[0051] The BAM-TP adaptive routing unit operates as follows. During preflight preparation, up-to-date GIS data for the flight area and information on known IDFs are downloaded to unit 14 via the main Ethernet channel. These are stored on a removable drive, which is part of the computing core of units 13-17, and, if necessary, cached in RAM. The onboard 27 V network supplies power to the unit; the time synchronization subsystem is activated by the RTC (18).

[0052] During flight, the telemetry acquisition unit (13) continuously polls microelectronic system sensors via multiplexers: transceiver temperature, the number of accumulated faults in programmable logic integrated circuits, and the CPU load. The received readings are time-stamped and stored in a circular buffer in the RAM.

[0053] In parallel, the geographic information data (GIS) processing unit (14), using coordinates received from the combat information and control system via interface (19), determines the position of each node relative to the IDF zones and, using a digital elevation model, assesses radio accessibility (presence of a direct radio beam, terrain shielding). Based on these assessments, a damage prediction coefficient is calculated for each graph edge.

[0054] The technical risk metric calculation block (15) combines the current bit error probabilities obtained from the channel state memory register (3) with the damage forecast coefficients received from block 14 at a specified frequency and, if necessary, takes into account the reference characteristics from block 9. As a result, a technical risk matrix is ​​formed.

[0055] The optimal route search block (16) runs an algorithm to search for the optimal route on a graph whose edge weights are equal to the current technical risks, and finds a route that minimizes the total risk from the source to the sink. The found route is passed to the routing table generation block (17), which converts it into a format compatible with the standard router protocols and immediately uploads the updated tables to the router via the Ethernet interface.

[0056] If the tactical situation changes significantly (new IDFs appear, BER increases sharply, node fails), the risk and route recalculation cycle is repeated out of turn.

[0057] Additionally, the computing core (the processor module on which blocks 13-17 are implemented) can employ machine learning algorithms: spectral correlation analysis (SCD analysis) of telemetry signals for early degradation detection and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for predicting the node's technical condition. The predicted values ​​are used to proactively adjust risk factors before the channel physically fails.

[0058] The essence of the utility model is that in the adaptive routing block, built on the basis of the known architecture of the adaptive device for controlling the information transmission network (blocks 1-12), additionally introduced are means for collecting and processing telemetry of the microelectronic systems of the node itself (block 13), means for integrating and processing geoinformation data with the main and backup receiving channels (block 14), means for calculating the technical risk metric, combining probabilistic and geospatial components (block 15), means for searching for a route that minimizes the total technical risk (block 16), as well as means for generating routing tables for a standard special router (block 17), and all of the said new blocks operate in a coordinated manner under the control of a single computing core with time synchronization (block 18) and interaction with the on-board information and control system via the MIL-STD - 1553 interface (block 19),This ensures proactive selection of the data transmission route, minimizing the risk of loss of communication under the influence of destabilizing factors.

[0059] Application example: A medium-class UAV is performing a mission within an air defense zone. Prior to takeoff, 1:200,000 scale maps, a 30-meter resolution height matrix, and operational data on three stationary SAM kill zones are loaded on board. During flight, the BAM-TP detects a gradual increase in the transmitter output stage temperature on one of the nodes (via unit 13) and simultaneously, via unit 14, determines that the direct edge between nodes 3 and 4 passes through the guaranteed kill zone. Coefficient C 34The risk increases sharply, and the resulting risk of route 1-3-4-5-8-9 becomes unacceptably high. Block 16 finds an alternative route 1-2-7-9, which runs in the shadow of terrain with a low damage prediction coefficient, and the overall risk is reduced by 30%. The routing tables in the router are updated, and the data flow is rerouted, maintaining the coherence of the tactical group.

[0060] The advantages of the developed BAM-TP block are

[0061] the presence of a specialized channel for receiving, storing and updating GIS data, which allows for taking into account the terrain, IDF zones and the line of combat contact when choosing a route for transmitting information;

[0062] the ability to proactively correct routes based on predicting changes in the technical condition of nodes using neural network models;

[0063] integration into an existing UAV communication system without modifying standard equipment, through parallel connection and standard interfaces (Ethernet, MIL-STD - 1553).

[0064] This utility model is industrially applicable, as it can be implemented using readily available components, such as off-the-shelf microcontrollers, memory chips, and off-the-shelf interface chips (e.g., multiplexers) manufactured using highly integrated technology. The device is designed for installation on medium- and heavy-duty unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a 27 V onboard network and meets weight and size requirements (dimensions 45 x 170 x 200 mm, weight no more than 300 g, power consumption no higher than 4.6 W).

[0065] The utility model is new, since the set of essential features, including a unit for collecting telemetry of microelectronic systems (13), a unit for storing and processing GIS data with the main Ethernet and backup RS-485 channels (14), a unit for calculating the technical risk metric (15), combining probabilistic and geospatial components, a unit for searching for a route that minimizes risk (16), and a unit for generating routing tables for a standard router (17), has not been found in known sources.

Claims

A device for adaptive routing in airborne radio communication networks with a function for assessing technical risks, comprising a control panel for the information transmission network, a control unit for the operation of the adaptive device, a memory register for the state of the network communication lines, a unit for determining the composition of the communication lines of new routes, a unit for determining the presence of new information transmission routes, a unit for recording new routes, a unit for indicating the presence of new routes, a unit for generating data for indicating new routes, a unit for storing the values ​​of the characteristics of the network communication lines, a unit for determining the optimal route, a unit for controlling the network communication lines and an information board with a network diagram, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a unit for collecting telemetry from microelectronic systems connected via a serial peripheral interface, an interface between the microcircuit bus and a local network of controllers to the sensors of the microelectronic systems, a unit for processing geoinformation data,the input of which is connected via an Ethernet channel to a digital signal processing unit, and the backup input is connected via a serial interface, a data transmission interface, a technical risk metric calculation unit that calculates for each edge of the network graph a combined indicator based on the bit error probability received from the network communication line state memory register and the damage forecast coefficient determined by the geoinformation data processing unit, a unit for searching for an optimal route based on the minimum total technical risk criterion, a routing table generation unit, the output of which is intended for transmission to a standard special router via an Ethernet interface, and is also additionally equipped with a real-time clock with backup battery power, connected to the telemetry collection units, geoinformation data processing units and technical risk metric calculation units to ensure a single time scale,and a MIL-STD - 1553 interface for interaction with the on-board information and control system.,

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