Compression friction resistance mechanism for exercise machines

Abstract

A compression friction resistance mechanism for exercise machines, the mechanism having a resistance mechanism mounting plate, an axle shaft, a compression component, a cap plate, a rocker lever, at least one friction plate, and a movable adjustment assembly, in which the compression component maintains an adjustable compression force on contact surfaces of the compression component, the rocker lever, the at least one friction plate, and the cap plate such that the compression friction resistance mechanism creates an adjustable friction resistance to the motion of the rocker lever, the at least one exercise motion linkage bar, and exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONTechnical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the general technical field of physical fitness, physical therapy and exercise equipment and machines. This invention relates more specifically to the field of friction resistance mechanisms for exercise machines.Prior Art

[0002] Resistance mechanisms for exercise, physical fitness and physical therapy equipment and machines are available in various configurations and for various purposes. In the exercise equipment field, there are generally two categories of products. One category of products known as strength or anaerobic training machines are geared more towards lower repetition, shorter duration, and higher resistance exercises. A second category of products commonly known as cardiovascular or aerobic training machines are generally geared towards longer duration, lower resistance, and higher repetition or steady state exercising. There are resistance mechanisms in both of these product categories that will create one-directional resistance. There are also resistance mechanisms in both of these product categories that will create bi-directional resistance.

[0003] For strength exercise machines, a common example of a one-directional resistance mechanism is a weight stack, wherein a user performs a pushing or pulling motion on an exercise machine whereby the machine's user engagement component is operatively connected to a weight stack. For this type of resistance, the user's concentric pushing or pulling exercise motion lifts a portion of the weight stack, then the user's eccentric pushing or pulling exercise motion resist the force of the weight while the weight is being lowered back into the start position. A common example of a bi-directional resistance mechanism for strength machines would be a bi-directional hydraulic piston wherein a user performs a pushing or pulling motion on an exercise machine and the pushing or pulling component is operatively connected to the hydraulic or pneumatic piston. For this type of resistance, the user's first direction concentric exercise motion either extends or contracts the piston, then the user's second direction concentric exercise motion moves the piston in the opposite direction and the pushing or pulling component moves back into the start position. Neither of these mechanisms works effectively for cardiovascular training. The weight stack resistance generally only works one set of muscles so it is difficult to maintain the exercise motion for a duration that would be effective for cardiovascular conditioning improvement. The hydraulic or pneumatic piston resistance does not have a smooth transition from one direction to the second direction making it uncomfortable to maintain the exercise motion for an extended enough period to effectively improve cardiovascular conditioning.

[0004] Cardiovascular exercise machines generally use some type of spinning flywheel for resistance. Examples of these types of machines include exercise bikes, rowing machines and elliptical trainers. Some common resistant mechanisms for these types of machines include electro-magnetic brakes, fan blades and friction pads. Although some of these machines resist the user's upper body in both the push and pull directions, the flywheel moves in one direction with a high rpm inertia based resistance. The deficiency of these types of resistance is that it is difficult to produce a high amount of smooth resistance that is difficult enough for low repetition, low speed strength training. This is because the flywheel generally has to spin at a high rpm to create the resistance force.

[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,700 of Mastropaolo discloses a “Frictional Type Exercise Device” comprising a first axle projecting horizontally outward from a frame, a second axle parallel to the frame, a rotatable idler means mounted at the ends of both axles, foot restraints mounted on the frame, a carriage for supporting the body of the subject, a rotatable friction load means mounted on the frame, a first endless drive cable means disposed about the rotatable idler and connected to drive the frictional load means, and a transmission means. A second endless drive cable means is disposed about the second rotatable idler and connected to drive the frictional load means. A hand grip is mounted on each cable means for rotating the frictional load means through a transmission means which converts the reciprocating motion of the cable means into a unidirectional rotation of the friction load means. Although this friction resistance system creates resistance when a user moves the exercise engagement components in any direction, it does so with a complex device comprising a series of cables, idlers, multiple axles, and a transmission means. This transmission means rotates a wheel in a single direction. The rotation of this wheel provides resistance by the adjustable tension of a band looped around a substantial portion of said wheel. This system is not only complex and costly to produce, this inertia-based system requires the use of multiple flexible members such as cables or chains which require substantial maintenance and adjustment. Also, this type of resistance requires high speed rotation of the resistance wheel to produce smooth and adequate resistance. Therefore, this system is designed for higher speed and constant movement cardiovascular training. Slower speed movements or start and stop movements will not work smoothly for this resistance system which renders it ineffective for strength training.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,888 of Stearns discloses a “A Device for Restraining Motion of Exercise Equipment” comprising a base, a support member secured to the base, a rotating means including a drive cylinder, a bearing means disposed between said drive cylinder and said base, a plurality of weighted members pivoted to said rotating means so as to pivot from a inner position when said drive cylinder is not rotating to a radially outer position in response to centrifugal force when said drive cylinder is rotating, whereby said device restrains bi-directional forces tending to rotate said rotating means at a higher angular speed more than forces tending to rotate said rotating means at a lower angular speed. This is another inertia-based mechanism that requires high speed motion to create higher resistance and is therefore ineffective for low-speed high resistance strength training. This mechanism is also highly mechanized with a flexible member wrapped around a rotatable cylinder to create the rotating centrifugal force of the separate weighted members which are secured to the device with multiple bearings and other components. This creates additional manufacturing cost and higher maintenance than the current invention.

[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,324 of Lull discloses an “Exercise Bicycle with Mechanical Flywheel Brake” comprising an exercise bicycle including a frame supporting a wheel such as a flywheel. A brake assembly (or resistance assembly) including a brake arm is pivotally coupled with the frame. The brake arm assembly includes a brake pad engaging the flywheel to alter the power needed to rotate the flywheel during exercise. A brake adjustment assembly is operably coupled with the brake arm. The adjustment assembly includes a shaft rotatably supported on the frame and mounted to be translated toward the flywheel while being restricted from translating away from the flywheel. A spring is positioned between the threaded shaft and the brake arm whereby rotation of the shaft increases or decreases compression of the spring thereby increasing or decreasing a frictional force between the brake pad and the flywheel. This is another inertia based spinning flywheel where the flywheel is driven by a flexible member such as a chain or belt that rotates the flywheel and one side of a brake pad applies a frictional braking force to the outer perimeter of the flywheel. This type of resistance is only effective for high-speed constant rotation of an exercise engagement feature such as pedals on an exercise bicycle. This type of resistance does not create a reciprocating or low speed / high resistance type of exercise that is common for strength training.

[0008] An improved resistance mechanism that could mechanically cooperate with exercise machines for creating low speed / high resistance reciprocating pushing and pulling strength exercising and also create high speed / low resistance reciprocating pushing and pulling cardiovascular exercising would greatly improve the efficiency and versatility of an exercise machine. If such a mechanism was also compact with minimal moving parts, said mechanism would be lower cost, more durable, and the exercise machine would require less space in a fitness facility. If such a mechanism did not require any flexible power transfer components such as cables, belts, chains, or pulleys, said mechanism would eliminate backlash for smooth and low impact transitions between the reciprocating motions and require less maintenance than prior art resistance mechanism for exercise machines. The present invention provides such an improved resistance mechanism for exercise machines as is described herein.BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention provides a compression friction resistance mechanism for exercise machines. A preferred embodiment is mounted on a resistance mechanism mounting plate. An axle shaft is rigidly mounted in a perpendicular configuration on a central portion of the resistance mechanism mounting plate. At least one anchor shaft is mounted on the resistance mechanism mounting plate at a location distal to the axle shaft. A compression component is movably mounted on the axle shaft at a location proximal to the first end of the axle shaft. A cap plate is rigidly connected proximal to a second end of the axle shaft. A central section of a rocker lever is pivotably mounted on the axle shaft at a location between the compression component and the cap plate. A friction plate is mounted on the axle shaft at a location between the rocker lever and the cap plate. The cap plate is rigidly connected to the at least one anchor shaft to restrain movement of the cap plate. At least one outer section of the rocker lever is pivotably attached to the first end of a least one exercise motion linkage bar and the second end of the at least one exercise motion linkage bar is operatively connected to an exercise motion component of an exercise machine. An outer portion of the compression component is rigidly connected to the first end of a movement lever and the second end of the movement lever is operatively connected to the first end of an adjustment linkage bar.

[0010] The second end of the adjustment linkage bar is operatively connected to a resistance adjustment assembly. Prior to operation of the machine, the location of the compression component can be adjusted along the axle shaft by movement of the resistance adjustment assembly to set the compression force on the compression component, the rocker lever, the friction plate, and the cap plate. During operation of the exercise machine and the compression friction resistance mechanism, a coefficient of friction is created by the reciprocal pivotal motion of the rocker lever. Said coefficient of friction resists the reciprocal pivotal motion of the rocker lever during operation of the compression friction resistance mechanism and the exercise motion of the exercise machine.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In some figures certain components have been removed or are illustrated as transparent such that the view of other components is not obstructed.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a partially exploded side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0013] FIG. 2 is a partially exploded rear perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0014] FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0016] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0017] FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0018] FIG. 7 is a top perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0019] FIG. 8 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0020] FIG. 9 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0021] FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0022] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0023] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0024] FIG. 13 is a partially exploded side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0025] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0026] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0027] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0028] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0029] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0030] FIG. 19 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0031] FIG. 20 is a side perspective view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine.

[0032] FIG. 21 is a top perspective view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine.

[0033] FIG. 22 is a side perspective view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine.

[0034] FIG. 23 is a side view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine with a user in the operating position on the exercise machine.

[0035] FIG. 24 is a top perspective view of an exercise machine with no resistance mechanism.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0036] An exemplary preferred embodiment is disclosed below in connection with the attached drawings. Throughout this specification, various terms will be used to describe various components or sets of components, features or sets of features, hardware, mechanisms, and devices. For example, the term “in between” will refer to when a component contacts and or cooperates with other components on either side of it. The term “pivot” will refer to any combination of an axle and a component or components that cooperate with said axle to at least partially rotate on said axle. The term “assembly” will refer to a group of components that cooperate together to create a function feature of the invention or exercise machine.

[0037] The invention is comprised of many identical left and right components as illustrated in various perspective views and many of these components will frequently be referred to and described in a plural context so as to prevent the duplication of descriptions of identical or mirror-image left and right components. Many of these components will have the same identification number and will frequently be referred to as a left or right component or identified by the components they are connected to or cooperate with. A “left” or “left side” component or set of components will refer to those that would be on the user's left side of the machine when the user is mounted on the machine and a “right” or “right side” component or set of components will refer to those that would be on the user's right side of the machine when the user is mounted on the machine. Descriptions of components or sets of components that are identified once as being identical on the left and right side of the machine may be referred to in a singular dialogue to prevent excessive duplication of description, but it is to be understood that the description or terminology of a left component or set of components applies to the right counterpart component or set of components and vice versa unless expressly stated otherwise. Also, it is to be understood that when components or sets of components that have been identified at least once as being duplicates on the left and right sides of the machine are described as cooperating with or being connected to other components or sets of components that have been identified at least once as being duplicates on the left and right sides of the machine, that left side components or sets of components will cooperate with or connect to left side components and right side components or sets of components with cooperate with or connect to right side components.

[0038] Certain components throughout the specification are referred to as “plates”, but these same components could also be referred to as “discs”, “bars”, “sheets”, or the like. Certain of these components referred to as “plates” could also come in other forms or structures and perform the same function. Certain hardware components may be referred to as “fasteners” and it is to be understood that the term “fastener” could refer to bolts, nuts, washers or other components that secure one component to another component. Certain components may be described as “bars, but these same components could also be referred to as “tubes”, “plates”, “pipes”, or the like. Certain of these components referred to as “bars” could also come in other forms or structures and perform the same function. When referring to a “forward section” of an exercise machine it is to be understood that the reference is to the section of the exercise machine most proximal to the exercise handles. When referring to a “rearward section” of an exercise machine it is to be understood that the reference is to the section of the exercise machine most proximal to the exercise pedals.

[0039] FIGS. 1-23 are all views of preferred embodiments of the invention this inventor refers to as a “Compression Friction Resistance Mechanism for Exercise Machines”. Generally, the invention is a mechanism that can be fastened to, coupled with or made part of an exercise machine for mechanically cooperating with the exercise motion of the exercise machine for providing adjustable reciprocating resistance to the exercise motion of the exercise machine. Although the invention is only illustrated for exemplary purposes as being incorporated into the function of a certain exercise machine herein, the mechanism can cooperate with a wide variety of exercise machines for providing smooth friction resistance for high speed exercise motions, low speed exercise motions, low resistance exercise motions, high resistance exercise motions, or any combination thereof. The versatility of the invention makes it useful for bi-directionally resisted pushing and pulling exercising for cardiovascular conditioning and for strength conditioning. In all embodiments of the invention, the reciprocating resistance can be adjusted to a plurality of levels of compressed friction force prior to or during the exercise motion. Preferred embodiments of the invention herein are illustrated with a singularity of certain components and a plurality of other components. However, a different quantity of each component may be utilized in the mechanism to create the same type of function. The quantity of each component utilized may be based on the function of the exercise machine the invention is cooperating with and or the required resistance force capacity for a particular application.

[0040] FIG. 24 is a view of an exercise machine with no resistance system. The purpose of this illustration is to show an example of a location and method for mounting the invention into an exercise machine.

[0041] FIGS. 1-24 illustrate various views of preferred embodiments of the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and the compression resistance mechanism 1A and an exercise machine 30 to provide a more complete understanding of the invention. FIGS. 1-12 illustrate the support structure and the functional components of the compression friction resistance mechanism 1. FIGS. 13-19 illustrate the support structure and the functional components of the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. FIGS. 20-23 illustrate the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 in cooperation with an exercise machine 30. FIG. 24 illustrates an exercise machine with no resistance mechanism.

[0042] Now referring to FIGS. 1-12, FIGS. 1-12 are detailed drawings of the components, structures and assemblies that create the compression friction resistance system 1.

[0043] As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 8, and 9, a mounting plate 2 supports an axle shaft 3 and two anchor shafts 10, such that axle shaft 3 is rigidly mounted on a central section of mounting plate 2 and anchor shafts 10 are rigidly mounted on outer sections of mounting plate 2. A compression component 4 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a first end of axle shaft 3 and a cap plate 6 is rigidly mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a second end of axle shaft 3. A rocker lever 7 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 between compression component 4 and cap plate 6. A friction plate 8 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 between rocker lever 7 and cap plate 6. The first ends of first and second linkage bars 11 are pivotally connected proximal to opposing ends of rocker lever 7. A first end of a movement lever 5 is rigidly connected to an outer section of compression component 4 and a second end of movement lever 5 is pivotally connected to a first end of an adjustment linkage bar 9. The second end of adjustment linkage bar 9 is pivotally connected to a resistance adjustment assembly 50.

[0044] As best illustrated in FIG. 4, mounting plate 2 is represented as an elongated somewhat rectangular metal plate comprising four mounting holes 21 for securing mounting plate 2 to exercise machine 30. However, mounting plate 2 could be constructed of various materials and shapes capable of housing and supporting the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0045] As best illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 9 axle shaft 3 is represented as a circular metal shaft comprising axle shaft compression threads 3A proximal to a first end for cooperating with the threads 4A of compression component 4 and comprising axle shaft cap threads 3B for cooperating with fastener 16. Axle shaft 3 can be constructed of various materials with metal being the most common.

[0046] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 9, and 11, first and second anchor shafts 10 are represented as metal cylinders with internal threads for accepting fasteners 17. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 9, first ends of anchor shafts 10 are rigidly connected to mounting plate 2 and the second ends of anchor shafts 10 are rigidly connected to opposing ends of cap plate 6 with fasteners 17. The purpose of anchor shafts 10 is to restrain the movement of cap plate 6 during the operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. One or more anchor shafts 10 can be mounted at various locations on mounting plate 2 or exercise machine 30 to achieve the movement restraint of cap plate 6. Anchor shafts 10 can also be constructed of various materials and shapes capable of restraining the movement of cap plate 6.

[0047] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 9, and 12, compression component 4 is a metal cylinder with a center hole and internal compression component threads 4A. Compression component threads 4A function like a nut fastener to cooperate with the external axle shaft compression threads 3A of axle shaft 3. The shape of compression component 4 includes a flange that extends from the outer perimeter of compression component 4 and a first end of a movement lever 5 is rigidly connected to said flange. A first flat surface of compression component 4 is in cooperative contact with a first flat surface of rocker lever 7. The function of compression component 4 is to increase, decrease and maintain the compression force on compression friction resistance mechanism 1. A threaded component such as compression component 4 is the most common way to create this function. However, other components can create a similar function such as a set of rotational ramps.

[0048] As best illustrated in FIGS. 2, 5, 10, and 11, rocker lever 7 is represented as a flat metal plate comprising a central aperture 7A for mounting rocker lever 7 onto axle shaft 3. A first flat surface of rocker lever 7 is in cooperative contact with a first flat surface of compression component 4. Opposing ends of rocker lever 7 comprise first and second apertures 7B for accepting fasteners 18. Fasteners 18 pivotally connect first and second exercise motion linkage bars 11 to rocker lever 7 at first and second linkage connections 11A. Apertures 7B are spaced from linkage connections 11A by first and second spacers 20 such that exercise motion linkage bars 11 can move freely during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 by preventing contact of exercise motion linkage bars 11 with rocker lever 7. Fasteners 18 pass through linkage connections 11A, spacers 20, and apertures 7B to securely fasten exercise motion linkage bars 11 to rocker lever 7. In other embodiments (not illustrated), the function of certain exercise machines may require rocker lever 7 to comprise one central aperture 7A and only one outer aperture 7B wherein rocker lever 7 is operatively connected with only one exercise motion linkage bar 11. Rocker lever 7 is represented as a flat plate but can be configured as a tube, pipe, or other structure or shape capable of transferring the force from an exercise motion component of exercise machine 30 to compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0049] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, and 11, friction disc 8 is represented as a round disc comprising a central aperture 8A for mounting friction disc 8 onto axle shaft 3. A first flat surface of friction disc 8 is in cooperative contact with a second flat surface of rocker lever 7 and a second flat surface of friction disc 8 is in cooperative contact with a first flat surface of cap plate 6. Friction disc 8 is represented as being loosely mounted on axle shaft 3 which is the most practical for long term durability and serviceability of compression friction resistance mechanism 1; however, friction disc 8 can be rigidly connected to rocker lever 7 or cap plate 6 and achieve a same or similar function of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. Friction disc 8 can be constructed of various materials including but not limited to carbon fiber, fiber glass, felt, leather, and composites of these or other materials.

[0050] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 7, 10, and 11, cap plate 6 is represented as a flat metal plate comprising a central aperture 6A for securing cap plate 6 to the second end of axle shaft 3 with axle shaft cap thread 3B and a fastener 16. A first flat side of cap plate 6 is in cooperative contact with a second flat side of friction disc 8. Cap plate 6 also comprises first and second apertures 6B on opposing outer ends of cap plate 6 for securing cap plate 6 to first and second anchor shafts 10 to restrain movement of cap plate 6 during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. The first side of cap plate 6 also comprises a recessed circular section that is centered on aperture 6A and has a larger circumference than aperture 6A. This recessed circular section allows certain components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1A to occupy at least a portion of this recessed section for applying additional compression force to the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. The movement of cap plate 6 could be restrained with various methods and those other methods can require a different shape for cap plate 6.

[0051] As best illustrated in FIG. 5, first and second exercise motion linkage bars 11 are represented as elongated rigid rods comprised of pivotable linkage connects 11A at first ends and pivotable linkage connections 11B at the second ends. First and second linkage ends 11A connect to rocker lever 7 at first and second apertures 7B as previously described herein, and linkage ends 11B pivotally connect to an operable component of the exercise motion of exercise machine 30 as will be further described in detail herein. Exercise motion linkage bars 11 can be made of various materials but require the strength and durability to transfer the force of an exercise motion component of exercise machine 30 to compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0052] As best illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 9, resistance adjustment assembly 50 is comprised of an adjustment lever 51, an axle 52, a connection boss 53 and an adjustment handle 54. A central section of adjustment lever 51 is pivotally mounted on axle 52 for reciprocal pivotable movement about axle 52. Connection boss 53 is rigidly connected proximal to a first end of resistance lever 51 and below axle 52. Connection boss 53 is pivotally fastened to adjustment linkage bar 9 with a fastener 18 at linkage connection 9B. Adjustment lever handle 54 is rigidly connected proximal to the second end of resistance lever 51 and above axle 52.

[0053] Adjustment lever 51 is represented as an elongated formed sheet metal component couple with an elongated rod above axle 52 such that the formed sheet metal and the rod are rigidly connected and together form the adjustment lever 51. The adjustment lever 51 can be configured in various forms including an elongated tube, pipe, plate, or the like and perform the same function.

[0054] Axle 52 is a rigid circular shaped elongated rod sturdy enough to support the structure and function of the adjustment lever 51.

[0055] Connection boss 53 is represented as an elongated metal rod that extends through adjustment lever 51 and extends to be spaced from one side of adjustment lever 51 for receiving a fastener 18. The function of connection boss 53 is to secure a second end of adjustment linkage bar 9 to resistance adjustment assembly 50 with a connection that spaces linkage connection 9B from adjustment lever 51 so as to allow adjustment lever linkage bar 9 to rotate freely and not contact adjustment lever 51 during movement of adjustment lever 51.

[0056] Adjustment lever handle 54 is represented as a round rigid component that is rigidly attached to second end of adjustment lever 51. However, various shapes and material can be substituted for adjustment lever handle 54 to create the same function of adjustment lever handle 54. The function of adjustment lever handle 54 is to be the engagement feature that an exercise machine operator engages to adjust the level of resistance on compression friction resistance mechanism 1 while operating exercise machine 30.

[0057] Prior to or during operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression force of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 can be adjusted as follows.

[0058] To increase the compression force on compression friction resistance mechanism 1, thereby increasing the force of resistance against the exercise motion of an exercise machine, the operator of the exercise machine grasps adjustment lever handle 54 and urges resistance lever 51 in a first direction causing adjustment lever 51 to pivot about axle 52. This causes connection boss 53 to move in a first pivotal direction, causing linkage connection 9B to pivot on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 moves in a first direction and linkage connection 9A pivots on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 urges movement lever 5 in a first direction. This causes movement lever 5 to move in a first direction with compression component 4 as compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3. When compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3, compression component threads 4A cooperate with axle shaft compression threads 3A causing compression component 4 to move along axle shaft 3 and towards rocker lever 7 which increases the compression force on the contact surfaces of the compression component 4 with the rocker lever 7, the contact surfaces of the rocker lever 7 with the friction plate 8, and the contact surfaces of the friction plate 8 with the cap plate 6. This increased compression force increases the force required to move rocker lever 7, exercise motion linkage bars 11, and the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0059] To decrease the compression force on compression friction resistance mechanism 1, thereby decreasing the force of resistance against the motion of an exercise machine, the operator of the exercise machine grasps adjustment lever handle 54 and urges resistance lever 51 in a second direction causing adjustment lever 51 to pivot about axle 52. This causes connection boss 53 to move in a second pivotal direction, causing linkage connection 9B to pivot on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 moves in a second direction and linkage connection 9A pivots on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 urges movement lever 5 in a second direction. This causes movement lever 5 to move in a second direction with compression component 4 as compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3. When compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3, compression component threads 4A cooperate with axle shaft compression threads 3A causing compression component 4 to move along axle shaft 3 and away from rocker lever 7 which decreases the compression force on the contact surfaces of the compression component 4 with the rocker lever 7, the contact surfaces of the rocker lever 7 with the friction plate 8, and the contact surfaces of the friction plate 8 with the cap plate 6. This decreased compression force decreases the force required to move rocker lever 7, exercise motion linkage bars 11, and the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0060] During operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 operates as follows.

[0061] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pushing direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a first direction. Concurrently with this motion, the second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pulling direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the first direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, rocker lever 7, friction disc 8, and the cap plate 6 during the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the first direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the first direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0062] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pulling direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a second direction. Concurrently with this motion, a second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pushing direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the second direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the friction disc 8, and the cap plate 6 during the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the second direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the second direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0063] Although not illustrated, during the operation of certain exercise machines, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 can operate with a single exercise motion linkage bar 11 as follows.

[0064] When the exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a push direction, this causes linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, rocker lever 7, and cap plate 6 during the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, first direction exercise motion of linkage bar 11, and the first direction motion of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

[0065] When the exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pull direction, this causes linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, rocker lever 7, and cap plate 6 during the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, second direction exercise motion of linkage bar 11, and the second direction motion of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

[0066] Now referring to FIGS. 13-19, FIGS. 13-19 are detailed drawings of the components, structures, and assemblies that create the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. Compression friction resistance mechanism 1A comprises all of the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and functions nearly identical to compression friction resistance mechanism 1. However, compression friction resistance mechanism 1A comprises other components in addition to those components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 in order to create a higher amount of resistance than compression friction resistance mechanism 1 for exercise machines that require a higher level of resistance force. Compression friction resistance mechanism 1A cooperates with resistance adjustment assembly 50 identically to the method of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. Compression friction resistance mechanism 1A also cooperates with an exercise machine such as an exercise machine 30 identically to the method of compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0067] The detailed description of many of the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A have previously described in detail herein. Therefore, to prevent duplication of description, only the components that have not be previously described herein will be described in detail unless required to clearly describe a feature or function of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A.

[0068] As illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 19, a mounting plate 2 supports an axle shaft 3 and two anchor shafts 10, such that axle shaft 3 is rigidly mounted on a central section of mounting plate 2 and anchor shafts 10 are rigidly mounted on outer sections of mounting plate 2. A compression component 4 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a first end of axle shaft 3 and a cap plate 6 is rigidly mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a second end of axle shaft 3. A slotted sleeve 12 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 such that slotted sleeve 12 spans most of the distance between compression component 4 and cap plate 6 wherein the first end of slotted sleeve 12 is more proximal to compression component 4 and the second end of slotted sleeve 12 is more proximal to cap plate 6. A rocker lever 7 is rigidly connected to a first end of slotted sleeve 12 such that rocker lever 7 and slotted sleeve 12 move in unison on axle shaft 3. A first friction plate 8 is movably mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between rocker lever 7 and cap plate 6, and first friction plate 8 moves independently of slotted sleeve 12. A restrained pressure plate 13 is fixedly mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between first friction disc 8 and cap plate 6. A second friction plate 8 is movably mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between restrained pressure plate 13 and cap plate 6, and second friction plate 8 moves independently of slotted sleeve 12. A pivotable pressure plate 14 is mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between second friction plate 8 and cap plate 6 such that pivotable pressure plate 14 is operatively connected with slotted sleeve 12 such that pivotable pressure plate 14 and slotted sleeve 12 move in unison. A third friction plate 8 is movably mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between pivotable pressure plate 14 and cap plate 6, and third friction plate 8 moves independently of slotted sleeve 12. The ends of first and second linkage bars 11 are pivotally connected proximal to opposing ends of rocker lever 7 as illustrated and previously described herein. A first end of a movement lever 5 is rigidly connected to an outer section of compression component 4. A resistance adjustment assembly 50 is operatively connected to the second end of movement lever 5 as illustrated and previously described herein.

[0069] As best illustrated in FIGS. 13, 14, 17, 18, and 19, slotted sleeve 12 is represented as an elongated metal cylinder with a center aperture 12A that fits over the outside diameter of axle shaft 3, such that slotted sleeve 12 pivots about axle shaft 3 during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. The outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12 comprises a series of U-shaped slots 12B that span the longitudinal length of slotted sleeve 12. Slotted sleeve 12 is represented with six slots 12B; however, slotted sleeve 12 can comprise a different number of slots with a different shape and achieve the same function. A first end of the outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12 is rigidly connected to rocker lever 7 at aperture 7A such that rocker lever 7 and slotted sleeve 12 pivot about axle shaft 3 in unison. Friction plates 8 and restrained pressure plate 13 are sleeved over the outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12; however, friction plates 8 and restrained pressure plate 13 do not pivot with slotted sleeve 12. A pivotable pressure plate 14 is operatively engage with the outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12 such that slotted sleeve 12, rocker lever 7, and pivotable pressure plate 14 pivot about axle shaft 3 in unison during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. The primary functions of slotted sleeve 12 are to unify the motions of rocker lever 7 and pivotable pressure plate 14 and to locate restrained pressure plate 13 and friction plates 8 while rocker lever 7, friction plates 8, restrained pressure plate 13, and pivotable pressure plate 14 are compressed between compression component 4 and cap plate 6. To facilitate maximum compression on rocker lever 7, friction plates 8, restrained pressure plate 13, and pivotable pressure plate 14, the contact surface side of cap plate 6 can comprise a recessed central circular area that is slightly larger than the outside diameter of slotted sleeve 12 such that slotted sleeve 12 can be compressed into a portion of cap plate 6.

[0070] As best illustrated in FIGS. 13, 15, and 19, restrained pressure plate 13 is represented as a flat metal plate comprising a central aperture 13A for mounting restrained pressure plate 13 onto slotted sleeve 12. Restrained pressure plate 13 also comprises first and second apertures 13B on opposing outer ends of restrained pressure plate 13. First and second apertures 13B cooperate with first and second anchor shafts 10 to restrain pivotal movement of restrained pressure plate 13 during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. However, restrained pressure plate 13 can move linearly along first and second anchor shafts 10. A first flat side of restrained pressure plate 13 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of a first friction disc 8 and a second flat side of restrained pressure plate 13 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of second friction plate 8. The pivotal movement of restrained pressure plate 13 can be restrained with various methods and those other methods can require a different shape for restrained pressure plate 13.

[0071] As best illustrated in FIGS. 13, 16, 18, and 19, pivotable pressure plate 14 is represented as a metal round disc comprising a center aperture 14A and a plurality of U-shaped teeth 14B projecting into aperture 14A. Pivotable pressure plate 14 is represented with six teeth 14B; however, pivotable pressure plate 14 can comprise a different number of teeth with a different shape and achieve the same function. Pivotable pressure plate 14 is mounted on slotted sleeve 12 such that the U-shaped teeth 14B of pivotable pressure plate 14 fit into and cooperate with the U-shaped slots of slotted sleeve 12 such that pivotable pressure plate 12, slotted sleeve 12, and rocker lever 7 pivot in unison during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. A first flat side of pivotable pressure plate 14 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of a second friction disc 8 and a second flat side of restrained pressure plate 13 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of third friction plate 8.

[0072] Prior to or during operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression force of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A can be adjusted with resistance adjustment assembly 50 identically to the method previously described for adjusting the compression force of compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0073] During operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A operates as follows.

[0074] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a push direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a first direction. Concurrently with this motion, the second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pulling direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12 and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the first direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the first direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the first direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0075] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pull direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a second direction. Concurrently with this motion, the second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pushing direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the second direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the second direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the second direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0076] Although not illustrated during the operation of certain exercise machines, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A can operate with a single exercise motion linkage bar 11 as follows.

[0077] When exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a push direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the first direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the first direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the first direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0078] When exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pull direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the second direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the second direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the second direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0079] Now referring to FIGS. 20-24, FIGS. 20-23 are detailed drawings of the components, structures, and assemblies that illustrate an exercise machine 30 that is operatively coupled to mechanically cooperate with compression friction resistance mechanism 1. Exercise machine 30 can also be operatively coupled to mechanically cooperate with compression friction resistance mechanism 1A and achieve the same function.

[0080] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-23 the components of exercise machine 30 are supported by exercise machine frame 37 and the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 is mounted on a forward end of exercise machine 30 with receiver plate 38 and fasteners 39. Left and right exercise pedal assemblies 31 are movably mounted on a rearward section of exercise machine frame 37. A first end of left and right pedal linkage bars 32A are rigidly connected to exercise pedal assemblies 31, and a second end of pedal linkage bars 32A are pivotally connected to a first end of left and right pedal linkage bars 32B, and the second end of pedal linkage bars 32B are rigidly connected to left and right exercise motion pivot hubs 35. A first end of left and right handle linkage bars 34 are rigidly connected proximal to second ends of pedal linkage bars 32B, and a second end of handle linkage bars 34 are rigidly connected to left and right exercise handles 33. Left and right exercise motion pivot hubs 35 are pivotally mounted on a forward section of exercise machine frame 37. A first end of left and right connection flanges 36 are rigidly mounted on exercise motion pivot hubs 35, and a second end of connection flanges 36 are rigidly connected to connection bosses 36A, and connection bosses 36A are pivotally and operatively connected the left and right exercise motion linkage bars 11.

[0081] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-24, exercise machine frame 37 comprises a structure that is represented as a combination of round and rectangular metal tubes for supporting all of the exercise motion components of exercise machine 30 and the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. However, other shapes and materials can also be substituted and achieve the same or similar support structure.

[0082] As best illustrated in FIGS. 21, 22, and 24, a portion of exercise machine frame 37 has been removed to better illustrate a receiver plate 38 that is represented as a metal plate with 90-degree formed ends. Receiver plate 38 is rigidly connected to exercise machine frame 37 proximal to a forward section of exercise machine 30. Receiver plate 38 comprises four circular receiving holes that are configured in a rectangular pattern. The locations and configuration of the four circular receiving holes in receiver plate 38 match the locations and configuration of the four mounting holes 21 in mounting plate 2 such that the four circular holes in receiver plate 38 and the four mounting holes 21 in mounting plate 2 are aligned and fastened together with fasteners 39. This rigid connection of receiver plate 38 and mounting plate 2 securely holds compression friction resistance mechanism 1 in place during operation of machine 30 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0083] As best illustrated in FIGS. 20, 21, and 23, left and right exercise pedal assemblies 31 comprise multiple components (some are not shown) that support and transport exercise pedal assemblies 31 forward and rearward along exercise machine frame 37 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. The most common method for transporting exercise pedal assemblies 31 along exercise machine frame 37 is with a wheel carriage. The function of exercise pedal assemblies 31 is to receive a user U's feet and transfer the pushing and pulling force generated by user U's feet to pedal linkage bars 32A and pedal linkage bars 32B during the operation of exercise machine 30.

[0084] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-24, left and right pedal linkage bars 32A and left and right pedal linkage bars 32B are represented as round metal tubes. Left pedal linkage bars 32A and left pedal linkage bars 32B operatively connect and synchronize the exercise motion of left exercise pedal assemblies 31 with left exercise handle 33 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. Right pedal linkage bars 32A and right pedal linkage bars 32B operatively connect and synchronize the exercise motion of right exercise pedal assemblies 31 with right exercise handle 33 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. During the exercise motion of exercise machine 30, left pedal linkage bar 32B pivots about left exercise motion pivot housings 35. During the exercise motion of exercise machine 30, right pedal linkage bar 32B pivots about right exercise motion hubs 35. Pedal linkage bars 32A and pedal linkage bars 32B transfer the pushing and pulling force generated by user U's hands and feet to exercise motion pivot hubs 35 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30.

[0085] As best illustrated in FIG. 20, left and right exercise handles 33 are represented as metal tubes shaped into a plurality of gripping configurations for receiving a user U's hands during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. Left and right exercise handles 33 are rigidly connected to left and right handle linkage bars 34. The function of exercise handles 33 is to receive user U's hands and transfer the pushing and pulling force generated by user U's hands to handle linkage bars 34 during the operation of exercise machine 30.

[0086] As best illustrated in FIG. 20, left and right handle linkage bars 34 are represented as metal tubes that rigidly and operatively connect left and right exercise handles 33 to left and right pedal linkage bars 32B. This operative connection transfers the pushing and pulling force of exercise handles 33 to pedal linkage bars 32B. This allows the pushing and pulling force of user U's hands to be combined and synchronized with the pushing and pulling force of user U's feet to rotate exercise motion pivot hubs 35 during the exercise operation of machine 30.

[0087] As best illustrated in FIGS. 20, 21, 22, and 24, left and right exercise motion pivot housings 35 are represented as elongated metal cylinders that rotate on a forward section of exercise machine frame 37. Left and right pedal linkage bars 32A are rigidly connected proximal to a first end of left and right exercise motion pivot hubs 35, and left and right connection flanges 36 and left and right connection bosses 36A are rigidly connected proximal to a second end of left and right exercise motion pivot hub 35. The function of exercise motion pivot hubs 35 is to transfer the force generated by user U's exercise motion from the pedal linkage bars 32B to the connection flanges 36.

[0088] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-22, left and right connection flanges 36 are represented as somewhat triangular shaped formed metal plates that are rigidly connected at a first end to the curved surface of left and right exercise motion pivot hub 35. The second ends of left and right connection flanges 36 are rigidly connected to left and right connection bosses 36A. Connection bosses 36A are elongated metal cylinders with internal threads for receiving fasteners 18. Left and right connection bosses 36A are pivotally connected to left and right linkage connections 11B with fasteners 18. The function of left and right connection flanges 36 and left and right connection bosses 36A are to transfer the force generated by user U's exercise motion from the left and right exercise motion pivot hub 35 to the left and right exercise motion linkage bars 11.

[0089] When exercise machine 30 is coupled with compression friction resistance mechanism 1 such that compression friction resistance mechanism 1 creates an adjustable resistance to the exercise motion of exercise machine 30, the concurrent function of exercise machine 30 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1 is as follows.

[0090] A user U enters the machine by grasping exercise handles 33 with user U's hands and placing user U's feet on the exercise pedal assemblies 31.

[0091] When User U begins a first direction exercise motion, user U's left hand urges the left exercise handle 33 forward and user U's left foot urges the left exercise pedal assembly 31 rearward. This causes the left pedal linkage bar 32A and the left pedal linkage bar 32B to move rearward and left handle linkage bar 34 to move forward as left pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about left exercise motion pivot hub 35 causing left exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a forward direction. This causes left connection flange 36 to rotate forward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes left exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move forward. This causes the left side of rocker lever 7 to move forward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. Concurrently with this motion, the user's right hand urges the right exercise handle 33 rearward, and the user's right foot urges the right exercise pedal assembly 31 forward. This causes the right pedal linkage bar 32A and the right pedal linkage bar 32B to move forward and right handle linkage bar 34 to move rearward as right pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about right exercise motion pivot hub 35 causing right exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a rearward direction. This causes right connection flange 36 to rotate rearward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes right exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move rearward. This causes the right side of rocker lever 7 to move rearward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. This motion of the left and right side components of exercise machine 30 combined with the concurrent motion of the left and right side components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 creates a friction resistance to the exercise motion of machine 30 as previously described herein.

[0092] When user U reciprocates this exercise motion in a second direction, user U's left hand urges the left exercise handle 33 rearward and user U's left foot urges the left exercise pedal assembly 31 forward. This causes the left pedal linkage bar 32A and the left pedal linkage bar 32B to move forward and left handle linkage bar 34 to move rearward as left pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about left exercise motion pivot hub 35 causing left exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a rearward direction. This causes left connection flange 36 to rotate rearward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes left exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move rearward. This causes the left side of rocker lever 7 to move rearward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. Concurrently with this motion, the user's right hand urges the right exercise handle 33 forward, and the user's right foot urges the right exercise pedal assembly 31 rearward. This causes the right pedal linkage bar 32A and the right pedal linkage bar 32B to move rearward and right handle linkage bar 34 to move forward as right pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about right exercise motion pivot housing 35 causing right exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a forward direction. This causes right connection flange 36 to rotate forward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes right exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move forward. This causes the right side of rocker lever 7 to move forward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. This motion of the left and right side components of exercise machine 30 combined with the concurrent motion of the left and right side components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 creates a friction resistance to the exercise motion of machine 30 as previously described herein.

[0093] While the invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the spirit or scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth, but is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appending claims.REFERENCE NUMERALS1. Compression friction resistance mechanism

[0095] 1A. Compression friction resistance mechanism

[0096] 2. Mounting plate

[0097] 3. Axle shaft

[0098] 3A. Axle shaft compression threads

[0099] 3B. Axle shaft cap threads

[0100] 4. Compression component

[0101] 4A. Compression component threads

[0102] 5. Movement lever

[0103] 6. Cap plate

[0104] 6A. Aperture

[0105] 6B. Aperture

[0106] 7. Rocker lever

[0107] 7A. Aperture

[0108] 7B. Aperture

[0109] 8. Friction material plate

[0110] 8A. Aperture

[0111] 9. Adjustment linkage bar

[0112] 9A. Linkage connection

[0113] 9B. Linkage connection

[0114] 10. Anchor shaft

[0115] 11. Exercise motion linkage bars

[0116] 11A. Linkage connection

[0117] 11B. Linkage connection

[0118] 12. Slotted sleeve

[0119] 12A. Aperture

[0120] 12B. Slot

[0121] 13. Restrained pressure plate

[0122] 13B. Aperture

[0123] 13C. Aperture

[0124] 14. Pivotable pressure plate

[0125] 14A. Aperture

[0126] 14B. Teeth

[0127] 16. Fastener

[0128] 17. Fastener

[0129] 18. Fastener

[0130] 20. Spacer

[0131] 21. Resistance mechanism mounting holes

[0132] 30. Exercise machine

[0133] 31. Exercise pedal assembly

[0134] 32A. Pedal linkage bar

[0135] 32B. Pedal linkage bar

[0136] 33. Exercise handle

[0137] 34. Handle linkage bar

[0138] 35. Exercise motion pivot hub

[0139] 36. Connection flange

[0140] 36A. Connection boss

[0141] 37. Exercise machine frame

[0142] 38. Receiver plate

[0143] 39. Fastener

[0144] 50. Resistance adjustment assembly

[0145] 51. Adjustment lever

[0146] 52. Axle

[0147] 53. Connection Boss

[0148] 54. Adjustment lever handle

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0036]An exemplary preferred embodiment is disclosed below in connection with the attached drawings. Throughout this specification, various terms will be used to describe various components or sets of components, features or sets of features, hardware, mechanisms, and devices. For example, the term “in between” will refer to when a component contacts and or cooperates with other components on either side of it. The term “pivot” will refer to any combination of an axle and a component or components that cooperate with said axle to at least partially rotate on said axle. The term “assembly” will refer to a group of components that cooperate together to create a function feature of the invention or exercise machine.

[0037]The invention is comprised of many identical left and right components as illustrated in various perspective views and many of these components will frequently be referred to and described in a plural context so as to prevent the duplication of descriptions of identica...

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONTechnical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the general technical field of physical fitness, physical therapy and exercise equipment and machines. This invention relates more specifically to the field of friction resistance mechanisms for exercise machines.Prior Art

[0002] Resistance mechanisms for exercise, physical fitness and physical therapy equipment and machines are available in various configurations and for various purposes. In the exercise equipment field, there are generally two categories of products. One category of products known as strength or anaerobic training machines are geared more towards lower repetition, shorter duration, and higher resistance exercises. A second category of products commonly known as cardiovascular or aerobic training machines are generally geared towards longer duration, lower resistance, and higher repetition or steady state exercising. There are resistance mechanisms in both of these product categories that will create one-directional resistance. There are also resistance mechanisms in both of these product categories that will create bi-directional resistance.

[0003] For strength exercise machines, a common example of a one-directional resistance mechanism is a weight stack, wherein a user performs a pushing or pulling motion on an exercise machine whereby the machine's user engagement component is operatively connected to a weight stack. For this type of resistance, the user's concentric pushing or pulling exercise motion lifts a portion of the weight stack, then the user's eccentric pushing or pulling exercise motion resist the force of the weight while the weight is being lowered back into the start position. A common example of a bi-directional resistance mechanism for strength machines would be a bi-directional hydraulic piston wherein a user performs a pushing or pulling motion on an exercise machine and the pushing or pulling component is operatively connected to the hydraulic or pneumatic piston. For this type of resistance, the user's first direction concentric exercise motion either extends or contracts the piston, then the user's second direction concentric exercise motion moves the piston in the opposite direction and the pushing or pulling component moves back into the start position. Neither of these mechanisms works effectively for cardiovascular training. The weight stack resistance generally only works one set of muscles so it is difficult to maintain the exercise motion for a duration that would be effective for cardiovascular conditioning improvement. The hydraulic or pneumatic piston resistance does not have a smooth transition from one direction to the second direction making it uncomfortable to maintain the exercise motion for an extended enough period to effectively improve cardiovascular conditioning.

[0004] Cardiovascular exercise machines generally use some type of spinning flywheel for resistance. Examples of these types of machines include exercise bikes, rowing machines and elliptical trainers. Some common resistant mechanisms for these types of machines include electro-magnetic brakes, fan blades and friction pads. Although some of these machines resist the user's upper body in both the push and pull directions, the flywheel moves in one direction with a high rpm inertia based resistance. The deficiency of these types of resistance is that it is difficult to produce a high amount of smooth resistance that is difficult enough for low repetition, low speed strength training. This is because the flywheel generally has to spin at a high rpm to create the resistance force.

[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,700 of Mastropaolo discloses a “Frictional Type Exercise Device” comprising a first axle projecting horizontally outward from a frame, a second axle parallel to the frame, a rotatable idler means mounted at the ends of both axles, foot restraints mounted on the frame, a carriage for supporting the body of the subject, a rotatable friction load means mounted on the frame, a first endless drive cable means disposed about the rotatable idler and connected to drive the frictional load means, and a transmission means. A second endless drive cable means is disposed about the second rotatable idler and connected to drive the frictional load means. A hand grip is mounted on each cable means for rotating the frictional load means through a transmission means which converts the reciprocating motion of the cable means into a unidirectional rotation of the friction load means. Although this friction resistance system creates resistance when a user moves the exercise engagement components in any direction, it does so with a complex device comprising a series of cables, idlers, multiple axles, and a transmission means. This transmission means rotates a wheel in a single direction. The rotation of this wheel provides resistance by the adjustable tension of a band looped around a substantial portion of said wheel. This system is not only complex and costly to produce, this inertia-based system requires the use of multiple flexible members such as cables or chains which require substantial maintenance and adjustment. Also, this type of resistance requires high speed rotation of the resistance wheel to produce smooth and adequate resistance. Therefore, this system is designed for higher speed and constant movement cardiovascular training. Slower speed movements or start and stop movements will not work smoothly for this resistance system which renders it ineffective for strength training.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,888 of Stearns discloses a “A Device for Restraining Motion of Exercise Equipment” comprising a base, a support member secured to the base, a rotating means including a drive cylinder, a bearing means disposed between said drive cylinder and said base, a plurality of weighted members pivoted to said rotating means so as to pivot from a inner position when said drive cylinder is not rotating to a radially outer position in response to centrifugal force when said drive cylinder is rotating, whereby said device restrains bi-directional forces tending to rotate said rotating means at a higher angular speed more than forces tending to rotate said rotating means at a lower angular speed. This is another inertia-based mechanism that requires high speed motion to create higher resistance and is therefore ineffective for low-speed high resistance strength training. This mechanism is also highly mechanized with a flexible member wrapped around a rotatable cylinder to create the rotating centrifugal force of the separate weighted members which are secured to the device with multiple bearings and other components. This creates additional manufacturing cost and higher maintenance than the current invention.

[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,324 of Lull discloses an “Exercise Bicycle with Mechanical Flywheel Brake” comprising an exercise bicycle including a frame supporting a wheel such as a flywheel. A brake assembly (or resistance assembly) including a brake arm is pivotally coupled with the frame. The brake arm assembly includes a brake pad engaging the flywheel to alter the power needed to rotate the flywheel during exercise. A brake adjustment assembly is operably coupled with the brake arm. The adjustment assembly includes a shaft rotatably supported on the frame and mounted to be translated toward the flywheel while being restricted from translating away from the flywheel. A spring is positioned between the threaded shaft and the brake arm whereby rotation of the shaft increases or decreases compression of the spring thereby increasing or decreasing a frictional force between the brake pad and the flywheel. This is another inertia based spinning flywheel where the flywheel is driven by a flexible member such as a chain or belt that rotates the flywheel and one side of a brake pad applies a frictional braking force to the outer perimeter of the flywheel. This type of resistance is only effective for high-speed constant rotation of an exercise engagement feature such as pedals on an exercise bicycle. This type of resistance does not create a reciprocating or low speed / high resistance type of exercise that is common for strength training.

[0008] An improved resistance mechanism that could mechanically cooperate with exercise machines for creating low speed / high resistance reciprocating pushing and pulling strength exercising and also create high speed / low resistance reciprocating pushing and pulling cardiovascular exercising would greatly improve the efficiency and versatility of an exercise machine. If such a mechanism was also compact with minimal moving parts, said mechanism would be lower cost, more durable, and the exercise machine would require less space in a fitness facility. If such a mechanism did not require any flexible power transfer components such as cables, belts, chains, or pulleys, said mechanism would eliminate backlash for smooth and low impact transitions between the reciprocating motions and require less maintenance than prior art resistance mechanism for exercise machines. The present invention provides such an improved resistance mechanism for exercise machines as is described herein.BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention provides a compression friction resistance mechanism for exercise machines. A preferred embodiment is mounted on a resistance mechanism mounting plate. An axle shaft is rigidly mounted in a perpendicular configuration on a central portion of the resistance mechanism mounting plate. At least one anchor shaft is mounted on the resistance mechanism mounting plate at a location distal to the axle shaft. A compression component is movably mounted on the axle shaft at a location proximal to the first end of the axle shaft. A cap plate is rigidly connected proximal to a second end of the axle shaft. A central section of a rocker lever is pivotably mounted on the axle shaft at a location between the compression component and the cap plate. A friction plate is mounted on the axle shaft at a location between the rocker lever and the cap plate. The cap plate is rigidly connected to the at least one anchor shaft to restrain movement of the cap plate. At least one outer section of the rocker lever is pivotably attached to the first end of a least one exercise motion linkage bar and the second end of the at least one exercise motion linkage bar is operatively connected to an exercise motion component of an exercise machine. An outer portion of the compression component is rigidly connected to the first end of a movement lever and the second end of the movement lever is operatively connected to the first end of an adjustment linkage bar.

[0010] The second end of the adjustment linkage bar is operatively connected to a resistance adjustment assembly. Prior to operation of the machine, the location of the compression component can be adjusted along the axle shaft by movement of the resistance adjustment assembly to set the compression force on the compression component, the rocker lever, the friction plate, and the cap plate. During operation of the exercise machine and the compression friction resistance mechanism, a coefficient of friction is created by the reciprocal pivotal motion of the rocker lever. Said coefficient of friction resists the reciprocal pivotal motion of the rocker lever during operation of the compression friction resistance mechanism and the exercise motion of the exercise machine.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In some figures certain components have been removed or are illustrated as transparent such that the view of other components is not obstructed.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a partially exploded side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0013] FIG. 2 is a partially exploded rear perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0014] FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0016] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0017] FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0018] FIG. 7 is a top perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0019] FIG. 8 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0020] FIG. 9 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0021] FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0022] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0023] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0024] FIG. 13 is a partially exploded side perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0025] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0026] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0027] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a component of the invention.

[0028] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0029] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of certain components of the invention.

[0030] FIG. 19 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention.

[0031] FIG. 20 is a side perspective view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine.

[0032] FIG. 21 is a top perspective view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine.

[0033] FIG. 22 is a side perspective view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine.

[0034] FIG. 23 is a side view of the invention assembled into an exercise machine with a user in the operating position on the exercise machine.

[0035] FIG. 24 is a top perspective view of an exercise machine with no resistance mechanism.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0036] An exemplary preferred embodiment is disclosed below in connection with the attached drawings. Throughout this specification, various terms will be used to describe various components or sets of components, features or sets of features, hardware, mechanisms, and devices. For example, the term “in between” will refer to when a component contacts and or cooperates with other components on either side of it. The term “pivot” will refer to any combination of an axle and a component or components that cooperate with said axle to at least partially rotate on said axle. The term “assembly” will refer to a group of components that cooperate together to create a function feature of the invention or exercise machine.

[0037] The invention is comprised of many identical left and right components as illustrated in various perspective views and many of these components will frequently be referred to and described in a plural context so as to prevent the duplication of descriptions of identical or mirror-image left and right components. Many of these components will have the same identification number and will frequently be referred to as a left or right component or identified by the components they are connected to or cooperate with. A “left” or “left side” component or set of components will refer to those that would be on the user's left side of the machine when the user is mounted on the machine and a “right” or “right side” component or set of components will refer to those that would be on the user's right side of the machine when the user is mounted on the machine. Descriptions of components or sets of components that are identified once as being identical on the left and right side of the machine may be referred to in a singular dialogue to prevent excessive duplication of description, but it is to be understood that the description or terminology of a left component or set of components applies to the right counterpart component or set of components and vice versa unless expressly stated otherwise. Also, it is to be understood that when components or sets of components that have been identified at least once as being duplicates on the left and right sides of the machine are described as cooperating with or being connected to other components or sets of components that have been identified at least once as being duplicates on the left and right sides of the machine, that left side components or sets of components will cooperate with or connect to left side components and right side components or sets of components with cooperate with or connect to right side components.

[0038] Certain components throughout the specification are referred to as “plates”, but these same components could also be referred to as “discs”, “bars”, “sheets”, or the like. Certain of these components referred to as “plates” could also come in other forms or structures and perform the same function. Certain hardware components may be referred to as “fasteners” and it is to be understood that the term “fastener” could refer to bolts, nuts, washers or other components that secure one component to another component. Certain components may be described as “bars, but these same components could also be referred to as “tubes”, “plates”, “pipes”, or the like. Certain of these components referred to as “bars” could also come in other forms or structures and perform the same function. When referring to a “forward section” of an exercise machine it is to be understood that the reference is to the section of the exercise machine most proximal to the exercise handles. When referring to a “rearward section” of an exercise machine it is to be understood that the reference is to the section of the exercise machine most proximal to the exercise pedals.

[0039] FIGS. 1-23 are all views of preferred embodiments of the invention this inventor refers to as a “Compression Friction Resistance Mechanism for Exercise Machines”. Generally, the invention is a mechanism that can be fastened to, coupled with or made part of an exercise machine for mechanically cooperating with the exercise motion of the exercise machine for providing adjustable reciprocating resistance to the exercise motion of the exercise machine. Although the invention is only illustrated for exemplary purposes as being incorporated into the function of a certain exercise machine herein, the mechanism can cooperate with a wide variety of exercise machines for providing smooth friction resistance for high speed exercise motions, low speed exercise motions, low resistance exercise motions, high resistance exercise motions, or any combination thereof. The versatility of the invention makes it useful for bi-directionally resisted pushing and pulling exercising for cardiovascular conditioning and for strength conditioning. In all embodiments of the invention, the reciprocating resistance can be adjusted to a plurality of levels of compressed friction force prior to or during the exercise motion. Preferred embodiments of the invention herein are illustrated with a singularity of certain components and a plurality of other components. However, a different quantity of each component may be utilized in the mechanism to create the same type of function. The quantity of each component utilized may be based on the function of the exercise machine the invention is cooperating with and or the required resistance force capacity for a particular application.

[0040] FIG. 24 is a view of an exercise machine with no resistance system. The purpose of this illustration is to show an example of a location and method for mounting the invention into an exercise machine.

[0041] FIGS. 1-24 illustrate various views of preferred embodiments of the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and the compression resistance mechanism 1A and an exercise machine 30 to provide a more complete understanding of the invention. FIGS. 1-12 illustrate the support structure and the functional components of the compression friction resistance mechanism 1. FIGS. 13-19 illustrate the support structure and the functional components of the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. FIGS. 20-23 illustrate the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 in cooperation with an exercise machine 30. FIG. 24 illustrates an exercise machine with no resistance mechanism.

[0042] Now referring to FIGS. 1-12, FIGS. 1-12 are detailed drawings of the components, structures and assemblies that create the compression friction resistance system 1.

[0043] As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 8, and 9, a mounting plate 2 supports an axle shaft 3 and two anchor shafts 10, such that axle shaft 3 is rigidly mounted on a central section of mounting plate 2 and anchor shafts 10 are rigidly mounted on outer sections of mounting plate 2. A compression component 4 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a first end of axle shaft 3 and a cap plate 6 is rigidly mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a second end of axle shaft 3. A rocker lever 7 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 between compression component 4 and cap plate 6. A friction plate 8 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 between rocker lever 7 and cap plate 6. The first ends of first and second linkage bars 11 are pivotally connected proximal to opposing ends of rocker lever 7. A first end of a movement lever 5 is rigidly connected to an outer section of compression component 4 and a second end of movement lever 5 is pivotally connected to a first end of an adjustment linkage bar 9. The second end of adjustment linkage bar 9 is pivotally connected to a resistance adjustment assembly 50.

[0044] As best illustrated in FIG. 4, mounting plate 2 is represented as an elongated somewhat rectangular metal plate comprising four mounting holes 21 for securing mounting plate 2 to exercise machine 30. However, mounting plate 2 could be constructed of various materials and shapes capable of housing and supporting the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0045] As best illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 9 axle shaft 3 is represented as a circular metal shaft comprising axle shaft compression threads 3A proximal to a first end for cooperating with the threads 4A of compression component 4 and comprising axle shaft cap threads 3B for cooperating with fastener 16. Axle shaft 3 can be constructed of various materials with metal being the most common.

[0046] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 9, and 11, first and second anchor shafts 10 are represented as metal cylinders with internal threads for accepting fasteners 17. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 9, first ends of anchor shafts 10 are rigidly connected to mounting plate 2 and the second ends of anchor shafts 10 are rigidly connected to opposing ends of cap plate 6 with fasteners 17. The purpose of anchor shafts 10 is to restrain the movement of cap plate 6 during the operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. One or more anchor shafts 10 can be mounted at various locations on mounting plate 2 or exercise machine 30 to achieve the movement restraint of cap plate 6. Anchor shafts 10 can also be constructed of various materials and shapes capable of restraining the movement of cap plate 6.

[0047] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 9, and 12, compression component 4 is a metal cylinder with a center hole and internal compression component threads 4A. Compression component threads 4A function like a nut fastener to cooperate with the external axle shaft compression threads 3A of axle shaft 3. The shape of compression component 4 includes a flange that extends from the outer perimeter of compression component 4 and a first end of a movement lever 5 is rigidly connected to said flange. A first flat surface of compression component 4 is in cooperative contact with a first flat surface of rocker lever 7. The function of compression component 4 is to increase, decrease and maintain the compression force on compression friction resistance mechanism 1. A threaded component such as compression component 4 is the most common way to create this function. However, other components can create a similar function such as a set of rotational ramps.

[0048] As best illustrated in FIGS. 2, 5, 10, and 11, rocker lever 7 is represented as a flat metal plate comprising a central aperture 7A for mounting rocker lever 7 onto axle shaft 3. A first flat surface of rocker lever 7 is in cooperative contact with a first flat surface of compression component 4. Opposing ends of rocker lever 7 comprise first and second apertures 7B for accepting fasteners 18. Fasteners 18 pivotally connect first and second exercise motion linkage bars 11 to rocker lever 7 at first and second linkage connections 11A. Apertures 7B are spaced from linkage connections 11A by first and second spacers 20 such that exercise motion linkage bars 11 can move freely during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 by preventing contact of exercise motion linkage bars 11 with rocker lever 7. Fasteners 18 pass through linkage connections 11A, spacers 20, and apertures 7B to securely fasten exercise motion linkage bars 11 to rocker lever 7. In other embodiments (not illustrated), the function of certain exercise machines may require rocker lever 7 to comprise one central aperture 7A and only one outer aperture 7B wherein rocker lever 7 is operatively connected with only one exercise motion linkage bar 11. Rocker lever 7 is represented as a flat plate but can be configured as a tube, pipe, or other structure or shape capable of transferring the force from an exercise motion component of exercise machine 30 to compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0049] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, and 11, friction disc 8 is represented as a round disc comprising a central aperture 8A for mounting friction disc 8 onto axle shaft 3. A first flat surface of friction disc 8 is in cooperative contact with a second flat surface of rocker lever 7 and a second flat surface of friction disc 8 is in cooperative contact with a first flat surface of cap plate 6. Friction disc 8 is represented as being loosely mounted on axle shaft 3 which is the most practical for long term durability and serviceability of compression friction resistance mechanism 1; however, friction disc 8 can be rigidly connected to rocker lever 7 or cap plate 6 and achieve a same or similar function of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. Friction disc 8 can be constructed of various materials including but not limited to carbon fiber, fiber glass, felt, leather, and composites of these or other materials.

[0050] As best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 7, 10, and 11, cap plate 6 is represented as a flat metal plate comprising a central aperture 6A for securing cap plate 6 to the second end of axle shaft 3 with axle shaft cap thread 3B and a fastener 16. A first flat side of cap plate 6 is in cooperative contact with a second flat side of friction disc 8. Cap plate 6 also comprises first and second apertures 6B on opposing outer ends of cap plate 6 for securing cap plate 6 to first and second anchor shafts 10 to restrain movement of cap plate 6 during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. The first side of cap plate 6 also comprises a recessed circular section that is centered on aperture 6A and has a larger circumference than aperture 6A. This recessed circular section allows certain components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1A to occupy at least a portion of this recessed section for applying additional compression force to the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. The movement of cap plate 6 could be restrained with various methods and those other methods can require a different shape for cap plate 6.

[0051] As best illustrated in FIG. 5, first and second exercise motion linkage bars 11 are represented as elongated rigid rods comprised of pivotable linkage connects 11A at first ends and pivotable linkage connections 11B at the second ends. First and second linkage ends 11A connect to rocker lever 7 at first and second apertures 7B as previously described herein, and linkage ends 11B pivotally connect to an operable component of the exercise motion of exercise machine 30 as will be further described in detail herein. Exercise motion linkage bars 11 can be made of various materials but require the strength and durability to transfer the force of an exercise motion component of exercise machine 30 to compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0052] As best illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 9, resistance adjustment assembly 50 is comprised of an adjustment lever 51, an axle 52, a connection boss 53 and an adjustment handle 54. A central section of adjustment lever 51 is pivotally mounted on axle 52 for reciprocal pivotable movement about axle 52. Connection boss 53 is rigidly connected proximal to a first end of resistance lever 51 and below axle 52. Connection boss 53 is pivotally fastened to adjustment linkage bar 9 with a fastener 18 at linkage connection 9B. Adjustment lever handle 54 is rigidly connected proximal to the second end of resistance lever 51 and above axle 52.

[0053] Adjustment lever 51 is represented as an elongated formed sheet metal component couple with an elongated rod above axle 52 such that the formed sheet metal and the rod are rigidly connected and together form the adjustment lever 51. The adjustment lever 51 can be configured in various forms including an elongated tube, pipe, plate, or the like and perform the same function.

[0054] Axle 52 is a rigid circular shaped elongated rod sturdy enough to support the structure and function of the adjustment lever 51.

[0055] Connection boss 53 is represented as an elongated metal rod that extends through adjustment lever 51 and extends to be spaced from one side of adjustment lever 51 for receiving a fastener 18. The function of connection boss 53 is to secure a second end of adjustment linkage bar 9 to resistance adjustment assembly 50 with a connection that spaces linkage connection 9B from adjustment lever 51 so as to allow adjustment lever linkage bar 9 to rotate freely and not contact adjustment lever 51 during movement of adjustment lever 51.

[0056] Adjustment lever handle 54 is represented as a round rigid component that is rigidly attached to second end of adjustment lever 51. However, various shapes and material can be substituted for adjustment lever handle 54 to create the same function of adjustment lever handle 54. The function of adjustment lever handle 54 is to be the engagement feature that an exercise machine operator engages to adjust the level of resistance on compression friction resistance mechanism 1 while operating exercise machine 30.

[0057] Prior to or during operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression force of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 can be adjusted as follows.

[0058] To increase the compression force on compression friction resistance mechanism 1, thereby increasing the force of resistance against the exercise motion of an exercise machine, the operator of the exercise machine grasps adjustment lever handle 54 and urges resistance lever 51 in a first direction causing adjustment lever 51 to pivot about axle 52. This causes connection boss 53 to move in a first pivotal direction, causing linkage connection 9B to pivot on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 moves in a first direction and linkage connection 9A pivots on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 urges movement lever 5 in a first direction. This causes movement lever 5 to move in a first direction with compression component 4 as compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3. When compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3, compression component threads 4A cooperate with axle shaft compression threads 3A causing compression component 4 to move along axle shaft 3 and towards rocker lever 7 which increases the compression force on the contact surfaces of the compression component 4 with the rocker lever 7, the contact surfaces of the rocker lever 7 with the friction plate 8, and the contact surfaces of the friction plate 8 with the cap plate 6. This increased compression force increases the force required to move rocker lever 7, exercise motion linkage bars 11, and the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0059] To decrease the compression force on compression friction resistance mechanism 1, thereby decreasing the force of resistance against the motion of an exercise machine, the operator of the exercise machine grasps adjustment lever handle 54 and urges resistance lever 51 in a second direction causing adjustment lever 51 to pivot about axle 52. This causes connection boss 53 to move in a second pivotal direction, causing linkage connection 9B to pivot on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 moves in a second direction and linkage connection 9A pivots on a fastener 18 as adjustment linkage bar 9 urges movement lever 5 in a second direction. This causes movement lever 5 to move in a second direction with compression component 4 as compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3. When compression component 4 pivots about axle shaft 3, compression component threads 4A cooperate with axle shaft compression threads 3A causing compression component 4 to move along axle shaft 3 and away from rocker lever 7 which decreases the compression force on the contact surfaces of the compression component 4 with the rocker lever 7, the contact surfaces of the rocker lever 7 with the friction plate 8, and the contact surfaces of the friction plate 8 with the cap plate 6. This decreased compression force decreases the force required to move rocker lever 7, exercise motion linkage bars 11, and the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0060] During operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 operates as follows.

[0061] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pushing direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a first direction. Concurrently with this motion, the second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pulling direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the first direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, rocker lever 7, friction disc 8, and the cap plate 6 during the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the first direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the first direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0062] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pulling direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a second direction. Concurrently with this motion, a second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pushing direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the second direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the friction disc 8, and the cap plate 6 during the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the second direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the second direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0063] Although not illustrated, during the operation of certain exercise machines, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 can operate with a single exercise motion linkage bar 11 as follows.

[0064] When the exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a push direction, this causes linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, rocker lever 7, and cap plate 6 during the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, first direction exercise motion of linkage bar 11, and the first direction motion of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

[0065] When the exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pull direction, this causes linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and friction disc 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7 can also cause the contact surfaces between the friction disc 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, rocker lever 7, and cap plate 6 during the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, second direction exercise motion of linkage bar 11, and the second direction motion of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

[0066] Now referring to FIGS. 13-19, FIGS. 13-19 are detailed drawings of the components, structures, and assemblies that create the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. Compression friction resistance mechanism 1A comprises all of the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 and functions nearly identical to compression friction resistance mechanism 1. However, compression friction resistance mechanism 1A comprises other components in addition to those components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 in order to create a higher amount of resistance than compression friction resistance mechanism 1 for exercise machines that require a higher level of resistance force. Compression friction resistance mechanism 1A cooperates with resistance adjustment assembly 50 identically to the method of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. Compression friction resistance mechanism 1A also cooperates with an exercise machine such as an exercise machine 30 identically to the method of compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0067] The detailed description of many of the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A have previously described in detail herein. Therefore, to prevent duplication of description, only the components that have not be previously described herein will be described in detail unless required to clearly describe a feature or function of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A.

[0068] As illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 19, a mounting plate 2 supports an axle shaft 3 and two anchor shafts 10, such that axle shaft 3 is rigidly mounted on a central section of mounting plate 2 and anchor shafts 10 are rigidly mounted on outer sections of mounting plate 2. A compression component 4 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a first end of axle shaft 3 and a cap plate 6 is rigidly mounted on axle shaft 3 proximal to a second end of axle shaft 3. A slotted sleeve 12 is movably mounted on axle shaft 3 such that slotted sleeve 12 spans most of the distance between compression component 4 and cap plate 6 wherein the first end of slotted sleeve 12 is more proximal to compression component 4 and the second end of slotted sleeve 12 is more proximal to cap plate 6. A rocker lever 7 is rigidly connected to a first end of slotted sleeve 12 such that rocker lever 7 and slotted sleeve 12 move in unison on axle shaft 3. A first friction plate 8 is movably mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between rocker lever 7 and cap plate 6, and first friction plate 8 moves independently of slotted sleeve 12. A restrained pressure plate 13 is fixedly mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between first friction disc 8 and cap plate 6. A second friction plate 8 is movably mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between restrained pressure plate 13 and cap plate 6, and second friction plate 8 moves independently of slotted sleeve 12. A pivotable pressure plate 14 is mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between second friction plate 8 and cap plate 6 such that pivotable pressure plate 14 is operatively connected with slotted sleeve 12 such that pivotable pressure plate 14 and slotted sleeve 12 move in unison. A third friction plate 8 is movably mounted on slotted sleeve 12 between pivotable pressure plate 14 and cap plate 6, and third friction plate 8 moves independently of slotted sleeve 12. The ends of first and second linkage bars 11 are pivotally connected proximal to opposing ends of rocker lever 7 as illustrated and previously described herein. A first end of a movement lever 5 is rigidly connected to an outer section of compression component 4. A resistance adjustment assembly 50 is operatively connected to the second end of movement lever 5 as illustrated and previously described herein.

[0069] As best illustrated in FIGS. 13, 14, 17, 18, and 19, slotted sleeve 12 is represented as an elongated metal cylinder with a center aperture 12A that fits over the outside diameter of axle shaft 3, such that slotted sleeve 12 pivots about axle shaft 3 during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. The outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12 comprises a series of U-shaped slots 12B that span the longitudinal length of slotted sleeve 12. Slotted sleeve 12 is represented with six slots 12B; however, slotted sleeve 12 can comprise a different number of slots with a different shape and achieve the same function. A first end of the outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12 is rigidly connected to rocker lever 7 at aperture 7A such that rocker lever 7 and slotted sleeve 12 pivot about axle shaft 3 in unison. Friction plates 8 and restrained pressure plate 13 are sleeved over the outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12; however, friction plates 8 and restrained pressure plate 13 do not pivot with slotted sleeve 12. A pivotable pressure plate 14 is operatively engage with the outer perimeter of slotted sleeve 12 such that slotted sleeve 12, rocker lever 7, and pivotable pressure plate 14 pivot about axle shaft 3 in unison during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. The primary functions of slotted sleeve 12 are to unify the motions of rocker lever 7 and pivotable pressure plate 14 and to locate restrained pressure plate 13 and friction plates 8 while rocker lever 7, friction plates 8, restrained pressure plate 13, and pivotable pressure plate 14 are compressed between compression component 4 and cap plate 6. To facilitate maximum compression on rocker lever 7, friction plates 8, restrained pressure plate 13, and pivotable pressure plate 14, the contact surface side of cap plate 6 can comprise a recessed central circular area that is slightly larger than the outside diameter of slotted sleeve 12 such that slotted sleeve 12 can be compressed into a portion of cap plate 6.

[0070] As best illustrated in FIGS. 13, 15, and 19, restrained pressure plate 13 is represented as a flat metal plate comprising a central aperture 13A for mounting restrained pressure plate 13 onto slotted sleeve 12. Restrained pressure plate 13 also comprises first and second apertures 13B on opposing outer ends of restrained pressure plate 13. First and second apertures 13B cooperate with first and second anchor shafts 10 to restrain pivotal movement of restrained pressure plate 13 during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. However, restrained pressure plate 13 can move linearly along first and second anchor shafts 10. A first flat side of restrained pressure plate 13 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of a first friction disc 8 and a second flat side of restrained pressure plate 13 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of second friction plate 8. The pivotal movement of restrained pressure plate 13 can be restrained with various methods and those other methods can require a different shape for restrained pressure plate 13.

[0071] As best illustrated in FIGS. 13, 16, 18, and 19, pivotable pressure plate 14 is represented as a metal round disc comprising a center aperture 14A and a plurality of U-shaped teeth 14B projecting into aperture 14A. Pivotable pressure plate 14 is represented with six teeth 14B; however, pivotable pressure plate 14 can comprise a different number of teeth with a different shape and achieve the same function. Pivotable pressure plate 14 is mounted on slotted sleeve 12 such that the U-shaped teeth 14B of pivotable pressure plate 14 fit into and cooperate with the U-shaped slots of slotted sleeve 12 such that pivotable pressure plate 12, slotted sleeve 12, and rocker lever 7 pivot in unison during operation of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A. A first flat side of pivotable pressure plate 14 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of a second friction disc 8 and a second flat side of restrained pressure plate 13 is in cooperative contact with a flat side of third friction plate 8.

[0072] Prior to or during operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression force of compression friction resistance mechanism 1A can be adjusted with resistance adjustment assembly 50 identically to the method previously described for adjusting the compression force of compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0073] During operation of an exercise machine, such as exercise machine 30, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A operates as follows.

[0074] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a push direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a first direction. Concurrently with this motion, the second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pulling direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12 and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the first direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the first direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the first direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0075] When the first exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pull direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a second direction. Concurrently with this motion, the second exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pushing direction, which causes a second linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the second direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the second direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the second direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0076] Although not illustrated during the operation of certain exercise machines, the compression friction resistance mechanism 1A can operate with a single exercise motion linkage bar 11 as follows.

[0077] When exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a push direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a first direction. This first direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the first direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the first direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the first direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the first direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0078] When exercise motion linkage bar 11 moves in a pull direction, this causes a first linkage connection 11A to urge rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 to pivot in a second direction. This second direction pivotal movement of rocker lever 7, slotted sleeve 12, and pivotable pressure plate 14 causes the contact surfaces between the compression component 4 and the rocker lever 7 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the rocker lever 7 and a first friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This first direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the first friction plate 8 and the restrained pressure plate 13 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the restrained pressure plate 13 and the second friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the second friction plate 8 and the pivotable pressure plate 14 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the pivotable pressure plate 13 and the third friction plate 8 to create a coefficient of friction. This second direction movement also causes the contact surfaces between the third friction plate 8 and the cap plate 6 to create a coefficient of friction. These combined coefficients of friction created by the second direction movements between the contact surfaces of compression component 4, the rocker lever 7, the first friction plate 8, the restrained pressure plate 13, the second friction plate 8, the pivotable pressure plate 14, the third friction plate 8, and the cap plate 6 creates a resistance to the second direction pivotal motion of rocker lever 7, the second direction motion of linkage bars 11, and the second direction of the exercise motion components of an exercise machine such as exercise machine 30.

[0079] Now referring to FIGS. 20-24, FIGS. 20-23 are detailed drawings of the components, structures, and assemblies that illustrate an exercise machine 30 that is operatively coupled to mechanically cooperate with compression friction resistance mechanism 1. Exercise machine 30 can also be operatively coupled to mechanically cooperate with compression friction resistance mechanism 1A and achieve the same function.

[0080] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-23 the components of exercise machine 30 are supported by exercise machine frame 37 and the compression friction resistance mechanism 1 is mounted on a forward end of exercise machine 30 with receiver plate 38 and fasteners 39. Left and right exercise pedal assemblies 31 are movably mounted on a rearward section of exercise machine frame 37. A first end of left and right pedal linkage bars 32A are rigidly connected to exercise pedal assemblies 31, and a second end of pedal linkage bars 32A are pivotally connected to a first end of left and right pedal linkage bars 32B, and the second end of pedal linkage bars 32B are rigidly connected to left and right exercise motion pivot hubs 35. A first end of left and right handle linkage bars 34 are rigidly connected proximal to second ends of pedal linkage bars 32B, and a second end of handle linkage bars 34 are rigidly connected to left and right exercise handles 33. Left and right exercise motion pivot hubs 35 are pivotally mounted on a forward section of exercise machine frame 37. A first end of left and right connection flanges 36 are rigidly mounted on exercise motion pivot hubs 35, and a second end of connection flanges 36 are rigidly connected to connection bosses 36A, and connection bosses 36A are pivotally and operatively connected the left and right exercise motion linkage bars 11.

[0081] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-24, exercise machine frame 37 comprises a structure that is represented as a combination of round and rectangular metal tubes for supporting all of the exercise motion components of exercise machine 30 and the components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1. However, other shapes and materials can also be substituted and achieve the same or similar support structure.

[0082] As best illustrated in FIGS. 21, 22, and 24, a portion of exercise machine frame 37 has been removed to better illustrate a receiver plate 38 that is represented as a metal plate with 90-degree formed ends. Receiver plate 38 is rigidly connected to exercise machine frame 37 proximal to a forward section of exercise machine 30. Receiver plate 38 comprises four circular receiving holes that are configured in a rectangular pattern. The locations and configuration of the four circular receiving holes in receiver plate 38 match the locations and configuration of the four mounting holes 21 in mounting plate 2 such that the four circular holes in receiver plate 38 and the four mounting holes 21 in mounting plate 2 are aligned and fastened together with fasteners 39. This rigid connection of receiver plate 38 and mounting plate 2 securely holds compression friction resistance mechanism 1 in place during operation of machine 30 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1.

[0083] As best illustrated in FIGS. 20, 21, and 23, left and right exercise pedal assemblies 31 comprise multiple components (some are not shown) that support and transport exercise pedal assemblies 31 forward and rearward along exercise machine frame 37 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. The most common method for transporting exercise pedal assemblies 31 along exercise machine frame 37 is with a wheel carriage. The function of exercise pedal assemblies 31 is to receive a user U's feet and transfer the pushing and pulling force generated by user U's feet to pedal linkage bars 32A and pedal linkage bars 32B during the operation of exercise machine 30.

[0084] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-24, left and right pedal linkage bars 32A and left and right pedal linkage bars 32B are represented as round metal tubes. Left pedal linkage bars 32A and left pedal linkage bars 32B operatively connect and synchronize the exercise motion of left exercise pedal assemblies 31 with left exercise handle 33 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. Right pedal linkage bars 32A and right pedal linkage bars 32B operatively connect and synchronize the exercise motion of right exercise pedal assemblies 31 with right exercise handle 33 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. During the exercise motion of exercise machine 30, left pedal linkage bar 32B pivots about left exercise motion pivot housings 35. During the exercise motion of exercise machine 30, right pedal linkage bar 32B pivots about right exercise motion hubs 35. Pedal linkage bars 32A and pedal linkage bars 32B transfer the pushing and pulling force generated by user U's hands and feet to exercise motion pivot hubs 35 during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30.

[0085] As best illustrated in FIG. 20, left and right exercise handles 33 are represented as metal tubes shaped into a plurality of gripping configurations for receiving a user U's hands during the exercise motion of exercise machine 30. Left and right exercise handles 33 are rigidly connected to left and right handle linkage bars 34. The function of exercise handles 33 is to receive user U's hands and transfer the pushing and pulling force generated by user U's hands to handle linkage bars 34 during the operation of exercise machine 30.

[0086] As best illustrated in FIG. 20, left and right handle linkage bars 34 are represented as metal tubes that rigidly and operatively connect left and right exercise handles 33 to left and right pedal linkage bars 32B. This operative connection transfers the pushing and pulling force of exercise handles 33 to pedal linkage bars 32B. This allows the pushing and pulling force of user U's hands to be combined and synchronized with the pushing and pulling force of user U's feet to rotate exercise motion pivot hubs 35 during the exercise operation of machine 30.

[0087] As best illustrated in FIGS. 20, 21, 22, and 24, left and right exercise motion pivot housings 35 are represented as elongated metal cylinders that rotate on a forward section of exercise machine frame 37. Left and right pedal linkage bars 32A are rigidly connected proximal to a first end of left and right exercise motion pivot hubs 35, and left and right connection flanges 36 and left and right connection bosses 36A are rigidly connected proximal to a second end of left and right exercise motion pivot hub 35. The function of exercise motion pivot hubs 35 is to transfer the force generated by user U's exercise motion from the pedal linkage bars 32B to the connection flanges 36.

[0088] As illustrated in FIGS. 20-22, left and right connection flanges 36 are represented as somewhat triangular shaped formed metal plates that are rigidly connected at a first end to the curved surface of left and right exercise motion pivot hub 35. The second ends of left and right connection flanges 36 are rigidly connected to left and right connection bosses 36A. Connection bosses 36A are elongated metal cylinders with internal threads for receiving fasteners 18. Left and right connection bosses 36A are pivotally connected to left and right linkage connections 11B with fasteners 18. The function of left and right connection flanges 36 and left and right connection bosses 36A are to transfer the force generated by user U's exercise motion from the left and right exercise motion pivot hub 35 to the left and right exercise motion linkage bars 11.

[0089] When exercise machine 30 is coupled with compression friction resistance mechanism 1 such that compression friction resistance mechanism 1 creates an adjustable resistance to the exercise motion of exercise machine 30, the concurrent function of exercise machine 30 and compression friction resistance mechanism 1 is as follows.

[0090] A user U enters the machine by grasping exercise handles 33 with user U's hands and placing user U's feet on the exercise pedal assemblies 31.

[0091] When User U begins a first direction exercise motion, user U's left hand urges the left exercise handle 33 forward and user U's left foot urges the left exercise pedal assembly 31 rearward. This causes the left pedal linkage bar 32A and the left pedal linkage bar 32B to move rearward and left handle linkage bar 34 to move forward as left pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about left exercise motion pivot hub 35 causing left exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a forward direction. This causes left connection flange 36 to rotate forward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes left exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move forward. This causes the left side of rocker lever 7 to move forward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. Concurrently with this motion, the user's right hand urges the right exercise handle 33 rearward, and the user's right foot urges the right exercise pedal assembly 31 forward. This causes the right pedal linkage bar 32A and the right pedal linkage bar 32B to move forward and right handle linkage bar 34 to move rearward as right pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about right exercise motion pivot hub 35 causing right exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a rearward direction. This causes right connection flange 36 to rotate rearward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes right exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move rearward. This causes the right side of rocker lever 7 to move rearward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. This motion of the left and right side components of exercise machine 30 combined with the concurrent motion of the left and right side components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 creates a friction resistance to the exercise motion of machine 30 as previously described herein.

[0092] When user U reciprocates this exercise motion in a second direction, user U's left hand urges the left exercise handle 33 rearward and user U's left foot urges the left exercise pedal assembly 31 forward. This causes the left pedal linkage bar 32A and the left pedal linkage bar 32B to move forward and left handle linkage bar 34 to move rearward as left pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about left exercise motion pivot hub 35 causing left exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a rearward direction. This causes left connection flange 36 to rotate rearward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes left exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move rearward. This causes the left side of rocker lever 7 to move rearward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. Concurrently with this motion, the user's right hand urges the right exercise handle 33 forward, and the user's right foot urges the right exercise pedal assembly 31 rearward. This causes the right pedal linkage bar 32A and the right pedal linkage bar 32B to move rearward and right handle linkage bar 34 to move forward as right pedal linkage bar 32B rotates about right exercise motion pivot housing 35 causing right exercise motion pivot hub 35 to rotate in a forward direction. This causes right connection flange 36 to rotate forward about exercise motion pivot hub 35. This causes right exercise motion linkage bar 11 to move forward. This causes the right side of rocker lever 7 to move forward as rocker lever 7 pivots about axle shaft 3. This motion of the left and right side components of exercise machine 30 combined with the concurrent motion of the left and right side components of compression friction resistance mechanism 1 creates a friction resistance to the exercise motion of machine 30 as previously described herein.

[0093] While the invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the spirit or scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth, but is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appending claims.REFERENCE NUMERALS1. Compression friction resistance mechanism

[0095] 1A. Compression friction resistance mechanism

[0096] 2. Mounting plate

[0097] 3. Axle shaft

[0098] 3A. Axle shaft compression threads

[0099] 3B. Axle shaft cap threads

[0100] 4. Compression component

[0101] 4A. Compression component threads

[0102] 5. Movement lever

[0103] 6. Cap plate

[0104] 6A. Aperture

[0105] 6B. Aperture

[0106] 7. Rocker lever

[0107] 7A. Aperture

[0108] 7B. Aperture

[0109] 8. Friction material plate

[0110] 8A. Aperture

[0111] 9. Adjustment linkage bar

[0112] 9A. Linkage connection

[0113] 9B. Linkage connection

[0114] 10. Anchor shaft

[0115] 11. Exercise motion linkage bars

[0116] 11A. Linkage connection

[0117] 11B. Linkage connection

[0118] 12. Slotted sleeve

[0119] 12A. Aperture

[0120] 12B. Slot

[0121] 13. Restrained pressure plate

[0122] 13B. Aperture

[0123] 13C. Aperture

[0124] 14. Pivotable pressure plate

[0125] 14A. Aperture

[0126] 14B. Teeth

[0127] 16. Fastener

[0128] 17. Fastener

[0129] 18. Fastener

[0130] 20. Spacer

[0131] 21. Resistance mechanism mounting holes

[0132] 30. Exercise machine

[0133] 31. Exercise pedal assembly

[0134] 32A. Pedal linkage bar

[0135] 32B. Pedal linkage bar

[0136] 33. Exercise handle

[0137] 34. Handle linkage bar

[0138] 35. Exercise motion pivot hub

[0139] 36. Connection flange

[0140] 36A. Connection boss

[0141] 37. Exercise machine frame

[0142] 38. Receiver plate

[0143] 39. Fastener

[0144] 50. Resistance adjustment assembly

[0145] 51. Adjustment lever

[0146] 52. Axle

[0147] 53. Connection Boss

[0148] 54. Adjustment lever handle

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0036]An exemplary preferred embodiment is disclosed below in connection with the attached drawings. Throughout this specification, various terms will be used to describe various components or sets of components, features or sets of features, hardware, mechanisms, and devices. For example, the term “in between” will refer to when a component contacts and or cooperates with other components on either side of it. The term “pivot” will refer to any combination of an axle and a component or components that cooperate with said axle to at least partially rotate on said axle. The term “assembly” will refer to a group of components that cooperate together to create a function feature of the invention or exercise machine.

[0037]The invention is comprised of many identical left and right components as illustrated in various perspective views and many of these components will frequently be referred to and described in a plural context so as to prevent the duplication of descriptions of identica...

Claims

1. A compression friction resistance mechanism for exercise machines comprising:a) a resistance mechanism mounting plate;b) an axle shaft rigidly mounted on the resistance mechanism mounting plate;c) a compression component movably mounted on the axle shaft at a location proximal to a first end of the axle shaft;d) a cap plate rigidly connected to the axle shaft at a location proximal to a second end of the axle shaft;e) a rocker lever pivotably mounted on the axle shaft at a location on the axle shaft between the compression component and the cap plate;f) at least one friction plate mounted on the axle shaft at a location on theaxle shaft between the compression component and the cap plate;g) at least one exercise motion linkage bar operatively connecting the rocker lever to an exercise motion component of an exercise machine; andh) a movable adjustment assembly operatively connected to the compression component for urging movement of the compression component along the stationary shaft,wherein, the compression component maintains an adjustable compression force on contact surfaces of the compression component, the rocker lever, the at least one friction plate, and the cap plate whereby the compression friction resistance mechanism creates an adjustable friction resistance to the motion of the rocker lever, the at least one exercise motion linkage bar, and exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

2. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the compression friction resistance is bi-directional whereby resistance is applied to any motion of the rocker lever, the at least one exercise motion linkage bar, and exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

3. The mechanism of claim 2, wherein when the compression component moves in a first direction along the axle shaft, a higher compression friction resistance force is created and when the compression component moves in a second direction along the axle shaft, a lower compression friction resistance force is created.

4. The mechanism of claim 3, wherein the compression component is movable along the axle shaft by the movable adjustment assembly, prior to or during an exercise motion of the exercise machine.

5. The mechanism of claim 4, wherein the axle shaft and the compression component cooperate with a threaded connection.

6. The mechanism of claim 4, wherein the axle shaft and the compression component cooperate with a ramped connection.

7. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the stationary cap plate is connected to the axle shaft in a perpendicular configuration.

8. The mechanism of claim 7, further comprising a means for restraining the cap plate from rotation about the axle shaft.

9. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the friction plate is mounted on the axle shaft whereby the axle shaft passes through an aperture of the friction plate.

10. A compression friction resistance mechanism for exercise machines comprising:a) a resistance mechanism mounting plate;b) an axle shaft rigidly mounted on the resistance mechanism mounting plate;c) a compression component movably mounted on the axle shaft at a location proximal to a first end of the axle shaft;d) a cap plate rigidly connected to the axle shaft at a location proximal to a second end of the axle shaft;e) a rocker lever pivotably mounted on the axle shaft at a location on the axle shaft between the compression component and the cap plate;f) a plurality of friction plates mounted on the axle shaft at a location on the axle shaft between the compression component and the cap plate;g) at least one restrained pressure plate mounted on the axle shaft at a location on the axle shaft between the compression component and the cap plate;h) at least one pivotable pressure plate mounted on the axle shaft at a location on the axle shaft between the compression component and the cap plate;i) at least one exercise motion linkage bar operatively connecting the rocker lever to an exercise motion component of an exercise machine; andj) a movable adjustment assembly operatively connected to the compression component for urging movement of the compression component along the stationary shaft,wherein, the compression component maintains an adjustable compression force on contact surfaces of the compression component, the rocker lever, the plurality of friction plates, the at least one restrained pressure plate, the at least one pivotable pressure plate, and the cap plate whereby the compression friction resistance mechanism creates an adjustable friction resistance to the motion of the rocker lever, the at least one exercise motion linkage bar, and exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

11. The mechanism of claim 10, wherein a first contact surface side of each of the friction plates is in contact with a contact surface of the rocker lever or a pivotable pressure plate and the second contact surface side of each of the friction plates is in contact with a contact surface of a restrained pressure plate or the cap plate.

12. The mechanism of claim 11, wherein the compression friction resistance is bi-directional whereby resistance is applied to any motion of the rocker lever, the at least one exercise motion linkage bar, and exercise motion components of an exercise machine.

13. The mechanism of claim 12, wherein when the compression component moves in a first direction along the axle shaft, a higher compression friction resistance force is created and when the compression component moves in a second direction along the axle shaft, a lower compression friction resistance force is created.

14. The mechanism of claim 13, wherein the compression component is movable along the axle shaft by the movable adjustment assembly, prior to or during an exercise motion of and exercise machine.

15. The mechanism of claim 14, wherein the axle shaft and the compression component cooperate with a threaded connection.

16. The mechanism of claim 14, wherein the axle shaft and the compression component cooperate with a ramped connection.

17. The mechanism of claim 10, wherein the stationary cap plate is connected to the axle shaft in a perpendicular configuration.

18. The mechanism of claim 17, further comprising a means for restraining the cap plate from rotation about the axle shaft.

19. The mechanism of claim 10, wherein the rocker lever and the at least one pivotable pressure plate are operatively connected to move concurrently and in unison.

20. The mechanism of claim 10, wherein the friction plate is mounted on the axle shaft whereby the axle shaft passes through an aperture of the friction plate.

Images