Fungicidal combinations, methods, and applications thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a fungicidal combinations and compositions. The present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination and composition comprising fluazinam and at least two systemic fungicide, or fluazinam, at least one systemic fungicide, and at least one contact fungicide. The present disclosure also provides fungicidal combinations and compositions for controlling or preventing resistant fungal diseases.

Description

[0001] FUNGICIDAL COMBINATIONS, METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure pertains to the field of agrochemicals, particularly towards agricultural pest (fungal pathogen) control and corresponding products. In particular, the present disclosure relates to fungicidal combinations and compositions for controlling / preventing fungal disease in plants / crops.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0005] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present disclosure. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is relevant to the presently claimed disclosure, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art to the presently claimed disclosure.

[0006] Plant diseases caused by infection of various phytopathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, nematodes etc. cause deterioration of the quality of plants, considerable reduction of yield, and even death of plants, resulting in significant economic losses. Of these diseases, 70-80% are caused by pathogenic fungi. In recent years, fungal disease of crops have become increasingly serious as they have severely affected crop yield and quality, and they have become an important bottleneck for the development of sustainable agriculture. Thus, there is a dire need to effectively control fungal disease in crops to achieve efficient and stable production of agricultural crops.

[0007] Fungicides are chemical compounds used to prevent, control, or eradicate the spread of fungi on crop or plants, and are important tools for managing plant diseases. Fungicides are grouped as contact, translaminar, or systemic in nature. Contact fungicides protect plant tissue topically, translaminar fungicides are redistributed from the upper sprayed leaf surface to the lower unsprayed surface, and systemic fungicides enter into plant tissue and are distributed by xylem vessels throughout the plant. Fungicides are also grouped together according to their mode of action.

[0008] It is established that the repeated and exclusive application of an individual active compound or a binary mixture in the control of harmful fungi leads in many cases to a rapid selection of those fungus strains which have developed natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question. The application of single and / or binary mixture is no longer effective in controlling the fungal infections of plants.

[0009] Fluazinam is a broad-spectrum diarylamine fungicide and more specifically an arylaminopyridine class fungicide. Fluazinam is an extremely potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and also has high reactivity with thiols. One of the unique properties of fluazinam amongst other uncouplers in displaying broad-spectrum activity against fungi and very low toxicity to mammals due to it being rapidly metabolised to a compound without uncoupling activity. It acts by inhibiting the germination of spores and the development of infection structures. Fluazinam along with other fungicidal agents shows improved efficacy against various fungal pathogens.

[0010] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.

[0011] OBJECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0012] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing fungal disease in plants / crops. It is an object of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing resistant fungal disease in plants / crops.

[0013] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal composition for controlling or preventing fungal disease in plants / crops.

[0014] SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0015] The present disclosure pertains to the technical field of agricultural combinations and compositions. In particular, the present disclosure pertains to fungicidal combinations and compositions comprising compounds for controlling or preventing fungal disease in crops.

[0016] An aspect of the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0017] In some embodiment, the systemic fungicides are selected from azole fungicides, triazolinthione fungicides, pyrazolecarboxamide fungicides, pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicides, strobilurin fungicides and tetrazolinone fungicides.

[0018] In some embodiments, the contact fungicides are selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate.

[0019] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing fungal diseases in Glycine max (soybean), said combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0020] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing Asian soybean rust in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, said combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0021] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing target spot in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Corynespora cassiicola, said combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0022] An aspect of the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0023] In an aspect, the present disclosure also provides a method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in crops, method of preventing a fungal disease in crops, and method of improving crop health.

[0024] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the fungicidal combination or fungicidal composition described herein, for controlling fungal disease in crops, or for preventing fungal disease in crops. Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.

[0025] DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0026] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0027] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the disclosure disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and / or patentability.

[0028] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” and “including” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”

[0029] Reference throughout this specification to “an embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in some embodiments” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. As used in the description herein and throughout the numbered embodiments or claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0030] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, ratio and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the disclosure are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about”. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable.

[0031] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein.

[0032] The headings and abstract of the disclosure provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.

[0033] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illustrate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure otherwise claimed.

[0034] The following discussion provides many exemplary embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus, if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.

[0035] Various terms as used herein are described below. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.

[0036] The term “about” as used herein encompasses variations of + / -10% and more preferably + / -5%, or any such variations that are appropriate for practicing the present disclosure to achieve desired effects.

[0037] The term “locus” as used herein means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. The term also includes the vicinity of a desired crop in which fungal control is desired.

[0038] The term “crop” shall include a multitude of desired plants or an individual plant growing at a locus. As used herein, the term “plant” and “crop” have been used interchangeably throughout the present disclosure. Said term refers to all physical parts of a plant including foliage / leaves, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, and fruits. The term “control” or “controlling” or “prevent” or “preventing” a fungal pathogen refers to inhibiting or reducing the growth, reducing the ability of fungal pathogen to grow or reproduce or proliferate or spread, including killing (e.g. , causing the morbidity or mortality, or reduced fecundity) of fungal pathogen. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing, retardation, decrease or treatment of the disease.

[0039] The term “fungi”, “fungus”, “phytopathogenic fungi”, “phytopathogenic fungus” or the likes as used herein refers to fungi or fungus-like pathogens having the ability to cause infection or disease in plants.

[0040] The term “fungicide” as used herein means a compound that controls, modifies, inhibits or prevents the growth of fungi. The term “fungicidally effective amount” means the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that is capable of producing an effect on the growth of fungi.

[0041] As mentioned above, there are several different chemical classes of fungal control agents / fungicides available, each having variable degrees of systemicity, specificity, duration of activity and risk of resistance.

[0042] Fluazinam is a broad-spectrum diarylamine fungicide and more specifically an arylaminopyridine class fungicide. Fluazinam is an extremely potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and also has high reactivity with thiols. One of the unique properties of fluazinam amongst other uncouplers in displaying broad-spectrum activity against fungi and very low toxicity to mammals due to it being rapidly metabolised to a compound without uncoupling activity. It acts by inhibiting the germination of spores and the development of infection structures. Fluazinam along with other fungicidal agents shows improved efficacy against various fungal pathogens. It was surprisingly found by the present inventors that the triple combination of Fluazinam and other systemic fungicide or contact fungicides results in an enhancement of fungicidal efficacy, and a surprising reduction in fungal disease incidence. As will be demonstrated in the examples below, the enhanced effect of the present fungicidal combination and composition thereof in preventing various fungal disease is far superior to individual fungicides or similar double combinations of the prior art. Therefore, these unexpected advantages of the fungicidal products of the present disclosure in preventing various crop disease have been attributed to synergism between the three active compounds or class of compounds combined herein.

[0043] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0044] In an embodiment, the systemic fungicides are selected from azole fungicides, pyrazolecarboxamide fungicides, pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicides, strobilurin fungicides, and tetrazolinone fungicides.

[0045] In an embodiment, the azole fungicides are selected from imidazole fungicides, triazole fungicides, and triazolinthione fungicides.

[0046] In an embodiment, the imidazole fungicide is selected from climbazole, clotrimazole, fenapanil, imazalil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, viniconazole, or a combination thereof.

[0047] In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is selected from azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, or a combination thereof.

[0048] In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is cyproconazole.

[0049] In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is difenoconazole.

[0050] In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is epoxiconazole.

[0051] In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is hexaconazole.

[0052] In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is tebuconazole.

[0053] In an embodiment, the triazolinthione fungicide is selected from fluoxytioconazole or prothioconazole, or a combination thereof.

[0054] In an embodiment, the triazolinthione fungicide is prothioconazole.

[0055] In an embodiment, the pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide is selected from benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, flubeneteram, fluindapyr, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, inpyrfluxam, isoflucypram, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyrapropoyne, sedaxane, tolfenpyrad, or a combination thereof.

[0056] In an embodiment, the pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide is fluindapyr.

[0057] In an embodiment, the pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide is fluxapyroxad.

[0058] In an embodiment, the pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide is bixafen.

[0059] In an embodiment, the pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicide is fluopyram.

[0060] In an embodiment, the tetrazolinone fungicide is metyltetraprole.

[0061] In an embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from dihydrodioxazine fungicides, methoxyacetamide fungicides, methoxyacrylate fungicides, methoxycarbamate fungicides, oximinoacetamide fungicides, or oximino acetate fungicides.

[0062] In an embodiment, the dihydrodioxazine fungicide is fluoxastrobin.

[0063] In an embodiment, the methoxyacetamide fungicide is mandestrobin.

[0064] In an embodiment, the methoxyacrylate fungicide is selected from azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin, or pyraoxystrobin.

[0065] In an embodiment, the methoxyacrylate fungicide is picoxystrobin.

[0066] In an embodiment, the methoxycarbamate fungicide is selected from pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, or triclopyricarb.

[0067] In an embodiment, the oximinoacetamide fungicide is selected from dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, or orysastrobin.

[0068] In an embodiment, oximinoacetate fungicide is selected from kresoxim-methyl, or trifloxystrobin.

[0069] In an embodiment, oximinoacetate fungicide is trifloxystrobin.

[0070] In an embodiments, the contact fungicide are selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bis-guanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate.

[0071] In an embodiment, the inorganic compounds are selected from copper, sulfur, or a combination thereof.

[0072] In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide are selected from mancozeb, amobam ferbam, maneb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the phthalimide fungicides are selected from captan, captafol, folpet, or a combination thereof.

[0073] In an embodiment, the chloronitrile fungicides is chlorothalonil.

[0074] In an embodiment, the sulfamide fungicides are selected from dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid or a combination thereof.

[0075] In an embodiment, the bis-guanidine fungicides are selected from guazatine, iminoctadine, or a combination thereof.

[0076] In an embodiment, the triazines fungicide is anilazine.

[0077] In an embodiment, the quinone fungicide is dithianon.

[0078] In an embodiment, the quinoxaline fungicide is chinomethionat / quinomethionate.

[0079] In an embodiment, the maleimide fungicide is fluoroimide.

[0080] In an embodiment, the thiocarbamate fungicide is methasulfocarb.

[0081] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide selected from azole fungicides or tetrazolinone fungicides; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide selected from pyrazolecarboxamide fungicides or pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicides or strobilurin fungicide or azole fungicides.

[0082] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide selected from bixafen, fluindapyr or fluxapyroxad.

[0083] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) pro thioconazole; and c) at least an azole fungicide selected from tebuconazole or difenoconazole.

[0084] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) metyltetraprole; and c) at least a triazolinthione fungicide selected from fluoxytioconazole or prothioconazole.

[0085] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) metyltetraprole; and c) at least a triazole fungicide selected from azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole. diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole. fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole. flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-P. In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a contact fungicide selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate.

[0086] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a contact fungicide selected from mancozeb, copper based fungicide, sulphur or a combination thereof.

[0087] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an strobilurin fungicide selected from picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin or azoxystrobin; and c) at least a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide selected from bixafen, fluindapyr or fluxapyroxad.

[0088] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a strobilurin fungicide selected from picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin or azoxystrobin; and c) at least an azole fungicide selected from tebuconazole, difenoconazole, ipconazole or prothioconazole. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide, wherein the first and the second systemic fungicides are i. a combination of prothioconazole and dif enoconazole; or ii. a combination of prothioconazole and fluxapyroxad; or iii. a combination of prothioconazole and picoxystrobin; or iv. a combination of tebuconazole and fluxapyroxad; or v. a combination of tebuconazole and picoxystrobin.

[0089] A fungicidal combination, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a contact fungicide, wherein the first systemic fungicide and contact fungicides are i. a combination of prothioconazole and copper oxychloride; or ii. a combination of prothioconazole and sulfur; or iii. a combination of prothioconazole and mancozeb; or iv. a combination of tebuconazole and copper oxychloride; or v. a combination of tebuconazole and sulfur; or vi. a combination of tebuconazole and mancozeb.

[0090] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing fungal disease in Glycine max (soybean), said combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0091] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing Asian soybean rust in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, said combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0092] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing target spot in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Corynespora cassiicola, said combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0093] In some embodiments, the fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing fungal disease in crops of the present disclosure may further comprise additional fungicides selected from morpholine fungicides, triazole fungicides, acylamino acid fungicides, anilide fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, strobilurin fungicides, aromatic fungicides, arsenical fungicides, aryl phenyl ketone fungicides, benzimidazole fungicides, benzimidazole precursor fungicides, benzothiazole fungicides, bridged diphenyl fungicides, carbamate fungicides, conazole fungicides, copper fungicides, dicarboximide fungicides, dinitrophenol fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, dithiolane fungicides, hydrazide fungicides, imidazole fungicides, inorganic fungicides, organophosphorus fungicides, organotin fungicides, oxathiin fungicides, oxazole fungicides, pyrimidine fungicides, pyrrole fungicides, quinoline fungicides, quinone fungicides, quinoxaline fungicides, thiadiazole fungicides, thiazole fungicides, thiazolidine fungicides, thiocarbamate fungicides, thiophene fungicides, triazine fungicides, triazolopyrimidine fungicides, urea fungicides, zinc fungicides, unclassified fungicides and mixtures thereof.

[0094] In an embodiment the fungicidal combination comprising fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1: 100: 100 to 100:0.1:0.1.

[0095] In an embodiment, the fungicidal combination comprising fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1 :0.1 :0.1 to 100:0.1 :0.1 ; to 0.1 : 100:0.1 ; to 0.1 :0.1 : 100; to 0.1 : 100: 100; to 100: 100:0.1.

[0096] In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:80:80 to 80:0.1:0.1.

[0097] In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:60:60 to 60:0.1:0.1.

[0098] In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:40:40 to 40:0.1:0.1.

[0099] In an embodiment, the fungicidal combination comprising fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1 :0.1 :0.1 to 40:0.1 :0.1 ; to 0.1 :40:0.1 ; to 0.1:0.1:40; to 0.1:40:40; to 40:40:0.1. In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:20:20 to 20:0.1:0.1.

[0100] In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1: 10: 10 to 10:0.1:0.1.

[0101] In an embodiment, the fungicidal combination comprising fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:0.1:0.1 to 10:0.1:0.1; to 0.1: 10:0.1; to 0.1:0.1: 10; to 0.1:10: 10; to 10: 10:0.1.

[0102] In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:5:5 to 5:0.1:0.1.

[0103] In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:2:2 to 2:0.1:0.1.

[0104] In another embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio of 1: 1: 1.

[0105] In another embodiment, fluazinam, prothioconazole, and fluxapyroxad, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.25:0.15.

[0106] In another embodiment, fluazinam, tebuconazole, and fluxapyroxad, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.15. In another embodiment, fluazinam, difenoconazole, and fluxapyroxad, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.225:0.15.

[0107] In another embodiment, fluazinam, prothioconazole, and fluindapyr, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.25:0.175.

[0108] In another embodiment, fluazinam, tebuconazole, and fluindapyr, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.175.

[0109] In another embodiment, fluazinam, difenoconazole, and fluindapyr, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.225:0.175.

[0110] In another embodiment, fluazinam, prothioconazole, and picoxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.25:0.175.

[0111] In another embodiment, fluazinam, tebuconazole, and picoxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.175.

[0112] In another embodiment, fluazinam, difenoconazole, and picoxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.225:0.175.

[0113] In another embodiment, fluazinam, prothioconazole, and trifloxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.25:0.175.

[0114] In another embodiment, fluazinam, tebuconazole, and picoxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.175.

[0115] In another embodiment, fluazinam, difenoconazole, and trifloxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.225:0.175. In another embodiment, fluazinam, prothioconazole, and tebuconazole are employed in a ratio of 1:0.157:0.225.

[0116] In another embodiment, fluazinam, prothioconazole, and difenoconazole, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.2:0.225.

[0117] In another embodiment, fluazinam, difenoconazole, and tebuconazole, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.225:0.25.

[0118] In another embodiment, fluazinam, fluxapyroxad, and picoxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.15:0.175.

[0119] In another embodiment, fluazinam, fluxapyroxad, and trifloxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.15:0.175.

[0120] In another embodiment, fluazinam, fluindapyr, and picoxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.175:0.175.

[0121] In another embodiment, fluazinam, fluindapyr, and trifloxystrobin, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.175:0.175.

[0122] In another embodiment, fluazinam, prothioconazole, and sulphur, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.25:4.125.

[0123] In another embodiment, fluazinam, tebuconazole, and sulphur, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.3:4.125.

[0124] In another embodiment, fluazinam, difenoconazole, and sulphur, are employed in a ratio of 1:0.225:4.125. The below table exemplifies combinations of particular preference.

[0125] Each individual row in the below provided tables forms a preferred embodiment of the combinations of the present invention.

[0126] Table 1

[0127] According to some embodiments, fungicides of the combinations as disclosed above, may be mixed at the time of application or on the point of application. The point of application refers to the locus of application of the said fungicides. The said locus could be an infected plant or vicinity of the plant where the plant grows or a seed or any other plant propagation material, or an area adjacent to the said infected plant or a seed or any other plant propagation material and / or foliage.

[0128] While the subsequent embodiments focus on fungicide compositions, the features and characteristics of fungicides, fungal pathogen and disease, plant / crop, mode of action, are as described by any of the embodiments above. For the sake of brevity, and avoiding repetition, each of those embodiments are not being reiterated here again. However, each of the said embodiments completely fall within the purview of the fungicidal composition, described herein.

[0129] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0130] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide selected from azole fungicides or tetrazolinone fungicide; c) at least a second systemic fungicide selected from pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide or pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicide or strobilurin fungicide or azole fungicide; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0131] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; c) at least a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide selected from bixafen, fluindapyr or fluxapyroxad; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0132] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) metyltetraprole; c) at least a triazolinthione fungicide selected from fluoxytioconazole or prothioconazole; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0133] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) metyltetraprole; c) at least a triazole fungicide selected from azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-P; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0134] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or dif enoconazole; c) at least a contact fungicide selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0135] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition for controlling or preventing fungal disease in Glycine max (soybean), said composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0136] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition for controlling or preventing Asian soybean rust in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, said composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0137] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition for controlling or preventing target spot in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Corynespora cassiicola, said composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) a first systemic fungicide; c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0138] In an embodiment, fluazinam is present in a concentration of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0139] In another embodiment, fluazinam is present in a concentration of about 10 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0140] In another embodiment, fluazinam is present in a concentration of about 20 % w / w to about 80 % w / w.

[0141] In another embodiment, fluazinam is present in a concentration of about 30 % w / w to about 70 % w / w.

[0142] In another embodiment, fluazinam is present in a concentration of about 40 % w / w to about 60 % w / w.

[0143] In another embodiment, fluazinam is present in a concentration of about 45 % w / w to about 50 % w / w. In an embodiment, the first systemic fungicide is present in a concentration of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0144] In another embodiment, the first systemic fungicide is present in a concentration of about 10 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0145] In another embodiment, the first systemic fungicide is present in a concentration of about 20 % w / w to about 80 % w / w.

[0146] In another embodiment, the first systemic fungicide is present in a concentration of about 30 % w / w to about 70 % w / w.

[0147] In another embodiment, the first systemic fungicide is present in a concentration of about 40 % w / w to about 60 % w / w.

[0148] In another embodiment, the first systemic fungicide is present in a concentration of about 45 % w / w to about 50 % w / w.

[0149] In an embodiment, the second systemic fungicide or the contact fungicide is present in a concentration of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0150] In an embodiment, the second systemic fungicide or the contact fungicide is present in a concentration of about 10 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0151] In another embodiment, the second systemic fungicide or the contact fungicide is present in a concentration of about 20 % w / w to about 80 % w / w.

[0152] In another embodiment, the second systemic fungicide or the contact fungicide is present in a concentration of about 30 % w / w to about 70 % w / w. In another embodiment, the second systemic fungicide or the contact fungicide is present in a concentration of about 40 % w / w to about 60 % w / w.

[0153] In another embodiment, the second systemic fungicide or the contact fungicide is present in a concentration of about 45 % w / w to about 50 % w / w.

[0154] In an embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is present in a concentration of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0155] In another embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is present in a concentration of about 10 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0156] In another embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is present in a concentration of about 20 % w / w to about 80 % w / w.

[0157] In another embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is present in a concentration of about 30 % w / w to about 70 % w / w.

[0158] In another embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is present in a concentration of about 40 % w / w to about 60 % w / w.

[0159] In another embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is present in a concentration of about 45 % w / w to about 50 % w / w.

[0160] In an embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipients are selected from solvents, fillers, diluents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, surfactans, pH modifier, emulsifiers, anti-foaming agents, anti-caking agents, stabilizers, biocides, antifreeze agents or a combination thereof.

[0161] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable solvent is selected from aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and also ethers and esters thereof, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide, and also water.

[0162] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable carrier is selected from a solid carrier or a liquid carrier.

[0163] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable liquid carrier is selected from water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p- diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N- dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1- trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gammabutyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobomyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m- xylene, n- hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p -xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and combinations thereof.

[0164] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable solid carrier is selected from talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and combinations thereof.

[0165] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable surfactants may be selected from nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl (mono- or di-) phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene (mono-, di- or tri-) styrylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid (mono- or di-)esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, castor oil ethylene oxide adducts, acetylene glycol, acetylene alcohol, ethylene oxide adducts of acetylene glycol, ethylene oxide adducts of acetylene alcohol, alkyl glycosides, etc.; anionic surfactants, such as alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, naphthalene sulfonates, alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, salts of formalin condensate of naphthalenesulfonic acid, salts of formalin condensate of alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid ester salts, polyoxyethylene (mono- or di-) alkylphenyl ether sulfate or phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene (mono-, di- or tri) styrylphenyl ether sulfuric or phosphoric ester salts, polycarboxylates (for example, polyacrylic acid salts, polymaleic acid salts, a copolymer of maleic acid and olefin, etc.), polystyrene sulfonate, etc.; cationic surfactants, such as alkyl amine salts, alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, etc.; amphoteric surfactants of amino acid type, betaine type, etc.; silicone surfactants, fluorine surfactants, and combinations thereof.

[0166] In one embodiment, the fungicidal composition for controlling / preventing fungal disease in plants / crops may contain ionic and nonionic dispersing agents to enable disintegration of granules in water with ease, such as salts of polystyrenesulphonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulphonic acids, salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid / formaldehyde condensates, salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulphonic acid, polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, furthermore polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, furthermore alkyl ethoxylates and alkylarylethoxylates. The preferred dispersing agents include sodium naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, polyethyleneglycol mono- [2,4,6-tris (1- phenylethyl] phenyl ether or a combination thereof.

[0167] In one embodiment, the fungicidal composition for controlling / preventing fungal disease in plants / crops may contain stabilizers. Such stabilizers may include carboxylic acids, such as citric acid and butenedioic acid or inorganic components such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate which may also act as a pH modifier.

[0168] In some embodiments, the fungicidal composition for controlling / preventing fungal disease in plants / crops of the present disclosure comprise at least one antifoaming agent which are usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. In some embodiments, the preferred antifoaming agents are selected from silicone oil and magnesium stearate or a suitable combination thereof. In some embodiments, the fungicidal composition for controlling / preventing fungal disease in crops of the present disclosure comprise at least one pH modifier selected from organic and inorganic components that are usually employed in agrochemical compositions to modify the pH. In a non-limiting embodiment, the pH modifier may be selected from potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. However, the choice of a pH modifier is not particularly limiting.

[0169] In some embodiments, the fungicidal composition for controlling or preventing fungal disease is in a solid dosage form or liquid dosage form.

[0170] In some embodiments, the fungicidal composition for controlling or preventing fungal disease is in a dosage form selected from a group comprising aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates, warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules, flowable concentrates for the treatment of seed, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in- water emulsions, water-in oil emulsions, macrogranules, microgranules, oil- dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowable concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, foams, pastes, pesticide-coated seed, suspension concentrates, suspension emulsion concentrates, soluble concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble powders for the treatment of seed, wettable powders, natural products and synthetic substances impregnated with active compound, and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating materials for seed, and also ULV cold fogging and warm-fogging formulations.

[0171] The present disclosure further relates to a method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in crops, said method comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crops an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or fungicidal composition, as described above. The present disclosure also provides a method of preventing a fungal disease in crops, said method comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crops an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or fungicidal composition, as described above.

[0172] The present disclosure additionally provides a method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to phytopathogenic fungi, said method comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crops an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or fungicidal composition, as described above.

[0173] While the subsequent embodiments focus on method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in crops, method of preventing a fungal disease in crops, and method of improving crop health, all the features and characteristics of fungicidal combination, fungicidal composition, fungicides, fungal disease, fungal pathogen, and crop / plant are as described by any of the embodiments above. For the sake of brevity, and avoiding repetition, each of those embodiments are not being reiterated here again. However, each of the said embodiments completely fall within the purview of method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in crops, method of preventing a fungal disease in crops, and method of improving crop health.

[0174] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide. In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide wherein fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1: 100: 100 to 100:0.1:0.1.

[0175] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: d) fluazinam; e) at least a first systemic fungicide; and f) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide wherein fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:50:50 to 50:0.1:0.1.

[0176] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: g) fluazinam; h) at least a first systemic fungicide; and i) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide wherein fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1:25:25 to 25:0.1:0.1.

[0177] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide selected from azole fungicides or tetrazolinone fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide selected from pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide or pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicide or strobilurin fungicide or azole fungicide.

[0178] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole difenoconazole, or metyltetraprole; and c) at least a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide selected from bixafen, fluindapyr or fluxapyroxad.

[0179] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a contact fungicide selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate

[0180] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0181] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of Asian soybean rust in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the method of preventing the growth of Asian soybean rust in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0182] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of target spot in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Corynespora cassiicola, the method of preventing a fungal disease, or the method of improving crop health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0183] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Phakopsora pachyrhizi which causes Asian soybean rust; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range from about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0184] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Phakopsora pachyrhizi which causes Asian soybean rust; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w. In some embodiments of the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Corynespora cassiicola which causes target spot; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0185] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Corynespora cassiicola which causes target spot; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0186] In some embodiments, the method of preventing a fungal disease comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0187] In some embodiments, the method of preventing a fungal disease comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide wherein fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1: 100: 100 to 100:0.1:0.1.

[0188] In some embodiments, the method of preventing a fungal disease comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide selected from azole fungicides or tetrazolinone fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide selected from pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide or pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicide or strobilurin fungicide or azole fungicide.

[0189] In some embodiments, the method of preventing a fungal disease comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole difenoconazole, or metyltetraprole; and c) at least a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide selected from bixafen, fluindapyr or fluxapyroxad. In some embodiments, the method of preventing a fungal disease comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a contact fungicide selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate.

[0190] In some embodiments, the method of preventing a fungal disease in Glycine max (soybean) comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0191] In some embodiments, the method of preventing the growth of Asian soybean rust in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0192] In some embodiments, the method of preventing the growth of target spot in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Corynespora cassiicola, comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0193] In some embodiments of the method of preventing the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Phakopsora pachyrhizi which causes Asian soybean rust; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0194] In some embodiments of the method of preventing the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Phakopsora pachyrhizi which causes Asian soybean rust; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w. In some embodiments of the method of preventing the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Corynespora cassiicola which causes target spot; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0195] In some embodiments of the method of preventing the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in Glycine max (soybean), the phytopathogenic fungi is Corynespora cassiicola which causes target spot; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0196] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0197] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide wherein fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide, and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1: 100: 100 to 100:0.1:0.1.

[0198] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health fungal disease comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide selected from azole fungicides or tetrazolinone fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide selected from pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide or pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicide or strobilurin fungicide or azole fungicide.

[0199] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole difenoconazole, or metyltetraprole; and c) at least a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide selected from bixafen, fluindapyr or fluxapyroxad.

[0200] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a contact fungicide selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate.

[0201] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health in Glycine max (soybean) comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0202] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health in Glycine max (soybean) affected by Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide. In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health in Glycine max (soybean) affected by target spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola, comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, a seed, or a locus thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0203] In an embodiment, fluazinam, the first systemic fungicide, and the second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide, are employed in a ratio in the range from 0.1: 100: 100 to 100:0.1:0.1.

[0204] In some embodiments of the method of improving plant health in Glycine max (soybean) comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0205] In some embodiments of the method of improving plant health in Glycine max (soybean) affected by Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0206] In some embodiments, the method of improving plant health in Glycine max (soybean) affected by target spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w.

[0207] In some embodiments of the method of improving plant health in Glycine max (soybean), affected by target spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage or at the locus of crop an effective amount of a fungicidal composition comprising: a) fungicidally effective amount of fluazinam at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w; b) fungicidally effective amount of at least a first systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; c) fungicidally effective amount of at least a second systemic fungicide at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount in the range of about 0.01 % w / w to about 99 % w / w.

[0208] In some embodiments, fluazinam is applied in an amount in the range from about 200 g a.i. / ha to about 500 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, fluazinam is applied in an amount in the range from about 200 g a.i. / ha to about 400 g a.i. / ha.

[0209] In some embodiments, fluazinam is applied in an amount in the range from about 300 g a.i. / ha to about 350 g a.i. / ha.

[0210] In an embodiment, fluazinam is applied in an amount of 300 g a.i. / ha.

[0211] In an embodiment, fluazinam is applied in an amount of 340 g a.i. / ha.

[0212] In an embodiment, fluazinam is applied in an amount of 400 g a.i. / ha.

[0213] In some embodiments, systemic fungicide is applied in an amount in the range from about 10 to about 1000 g a.i. / ha.

[0214] In some embodiments, systemic fungicide is applied in an amount in the range from about 50 to about 900 g a.i. / ha.

[0215] In some embodiments, systemic fungicide is applied in an amount in the range from about 100 to about 700 g a.i. / ha.

[0216] In some embodiments, systemic fungicide is applied in an amount in the range from about 150 to about 600 g a.i. / ha.

[0217] In some embodiments, systemic fungicide is applied in an amount in the range from about 200 to about 500 g a.i. / ha.

[0218] In some embodiments, systemic fungicide is applied in an amount in the range from about 300 to about 400 g a.i. / ha.

[0219] In an embodiment, systemic fungicide is an azole fungicide.

[0220] In an embodiment, azole fungicide is tebuconazole and it is applied in an amount in the range from about 50 to 150 g a.i. / ha.

[0221] In another embodiment, azole fungicide is difenoconazole and it is applied at an amount in the range from about 50 to 100 g a.i. / ha.

[0222] In another embodiment, azole fungicide is prothioconazole and it is applied at an amount in the range from about 60 to 120 g a.i. / ha.

[0223] In an embodiment, systemic fungicide is a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide.

[0224] In an embodiment, pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide is fluxapyroxad and it is applied at an amount in the range from about 30 to 70 g a.i. / ha.

[0225] In an embodiment, pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide is fluindapyr and it is applied at an amount in the range from about 40 to 80 g a.i. / ha. In an embodiment, , systemic fungicide is a strobilurin fungicide.

[0226] In an embodiment, strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin and it is applied in the range from about 50 to 80 g a.i. / ha.

[0227] In an embodiment, strobilurin fungicide is trifloxystrobin and it is applied in the range from about 50 to 80 g a.i. / ha.

[0228] In some embodiments, contact fungicide is applied at an amount in the range from about 100 to 4000 g a.i. / ha.

[0229] In some embodiments, contact fungicide is applied at an amount in the range from about 1000 to 3000 g a.i. / ha.

[0230] In some embodiments, contact fungicide is applied at an amount in the range from about 2000 to 2500 g a.i. / ha.

[0231] In an embodiment, contact fungicide is mancozeb and it is applied in the range from about 500 to 2000 g a.i. / ha.

[0232] In an embodiment, contact fungicide is sulphur and it is applied in the range from about 1000 to 2000 g a.i. / ha.

[0233] The fungicidal combination for controlling or preventing fungal disease of the present disclosure may be applied simultaneously as a tank mix or may be applied sequentially. The application may be made to plant or parts thereof, or the soil before emergence of the plants, either pre-planting or post-planting. The application may be made as a foliar spray at different timings during crop development, with either one or two applications early or late post-emergence. The fungicidal combinations as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “readymix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e., one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few minutes, hours or days.

[0234] The methods of the present disclosure can be carried out in agricultural lands such as fields, lawns and orchards, or in non- agricultural lands. The present methods may be used to control diseases in agricultural lands for cultivating the plants without any phytotoxicity to the plant. The fungicidal combinations and compositions of the present disclosure do not show any sign or symptoms of any phytotoxicity and are safe at different growth stages of crops.

[0235] In some embodiments, the combinations or compositions of the present disclosure may be applied by various conventional preventing techniques and machines, such as sprayers, fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, drones, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters, spouted beds, etc. Pre- and post-coating procedures such as sizing etc., may also be carried out. Such procedures are known in the art. It is readily understood that plant propagation material will typically be treated only once it is removed from the plant and is ready to be re-sown.

[0236] In some embodiments, the treatment may occur before sowing of the plant propagation material so that the sown material has been pre-treated with the present fungicidal combination or composition. In particular, seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the present fungicidal combination or composition according to the disclosure. As a result of the treatment, the active ingredients in the combination and / or composition are adhered on to the seed and therefore available for disease control.

[0237] The present disclosure further relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or fungicidal composition described herein, for controlling fungal disease in crops.

[0238] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition comprising: ii. fluazinam; iii. at least a first systemic fungicide; and iv. at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0239] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide selected from azole fungicides or tetrazolinone fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide selected from pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide or pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicide or strobilurin fungicide or azole fungicide.

[0240] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide selected from bixafen, fluindapyr or fluxapyroxad.

[0241] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) metyltetraprole; and c) at least a triazolinthione fungicide selected from fluoxytioconazole or prothioconazole.

[0242] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) metyltetraprole; and c) at least a triazole fungicide selected from azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-P.

[0243] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least an azole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, ipconazole, tebuconazole or difenoconazole; and c) at least a contact fungicide selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate.

[0244] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition for controlling or preventing fungal disease in Glycine max (soybean) comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

[0245] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition for controlling or preventing Asian soybean rust in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide. In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition for controlling or preventing target spot in Glycine max (soybean) caused by Corynespora cassiicola, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide.

[0246] The fungicidal combinations of the present disclosure may be provided as a kit of parts such that individual fungicides of the kit may be tank mixed, alone or together, before spraying. In some embodiments, the kit of parts comprises fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide such that the three components may be tank mixed, alone or together, before spraying.

[0247] The combinations and the compositions according to the present disclosure are effective for controlling the plant diseases including the following ones:

[0248] Diseases in peanut, for example Seed rot, Crown rot, Damping off and Seedling blight

[0249] Diseases in cotton, for example Seed rot, Damping off, and Seedling blight

[0250] Diseases in rice, for example: Sheath blight and Sheath spot

[0251] Diseases in Com, for example: Sclerotial disease, Leaf blight, Banded leaf, Crown and brace rot

[0252] Diseases in Sorghum, for example: Leaf blight and Banded leaf

[0253] Diseases in Bean, for example: Leaf blight, Web blight and Root rot

[0254] Diseases in Soybean, for example: Leaf blight, Damping off, and Root rots

[0255] Diseases in Crimson clover, for example: Summer blight

[0256] Diseases in Camphor seedlings, for example: Southern blight Diseases in Turfgrass, for example s: Brown patch and Large patch

[0257] Diseases in Cabbage, for example: Rot

[0258] Diseases in Lettuce, for example: Bottom rot

[0259] Diseases in Buckwheat, for example: Damping off

[0260] Diseases in Carrot, for example: Damping off and crown root rot

[0261] Diseases in Crucifers, for example: Damping off

[0262] Diseases in Strawberry, for example: Bud rot

[0263] Diseases in Tulip, for example: Leaf blight

[0264] Diseases in Japanese radish, for example: Root rot

[0265] Diseases in Edible burdock, for example: Black scurf

[0266] Diseases in Sugar beet, for example: Damping off, Root rot and Leaf blight

[0267] Diseases in Konjak, for example: Root rot

[0268] Diseases in Potatoes, for example: Black scurf and stem / stolon cankers, and Damping off

[0269] Diseases in Tobacco, for example: Target spot

[0270] Diseases in Tomato, for example: Leaf blight and Fruit rot

[0271] Diseases in Eggplant, for example: Brown spot

[0272] Diseases in Pea, for example: Stem rot

[0273] Diseases in Snap bean, for example: Pod rot

[0274] Diseases in Cereals, for example: Seed rot, Damping off, Smut, Bunt, Seedling blight and Bare patches In an embodiment, the target crop may include cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, com, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops; beets such as sugar beet and fodder beet; leguminous plants such as beans, lentils, peas, peanut, soybean, chickpeas; dry bean, dry pea, rye, , oil plants such as rape, mustard, sunflowers; cucurbits such as marrows, cucumbers, melons; fibre plants such as cotton, flax, hemp, jute; vegetables such spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika as well as ornamentals such as flowers, shrubs, broadleaved trees and evergreens, such as conifers.

[0275] In one or more embodiments, combinations and compositions according to the present disclosure are effective in control of Cylindrocladi m parasiticum. Sclerotium rolfsii, Penicillium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia genus including Rhizoctonia Solani, Ustilago genus including Ustilago Tritici, Tilletia genus including Tilletia Tritici, Fusarium genus including Fusarium Pallidoroseum, Aspergillus genus, Aspergillus genus including Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus flavus, Phomopsis genus including Phomopsis longicolla, Ascochyta genus including Ascochyta lends, Ascochyta pinodella, Ascochyta pinodes, Ascochyta pisi, Macrophomina genus including Macrophomina faseolina, Phoma including Phoma sorghina, Slerotinia including Slerotinia slerotiorum, Alternaria alternata, Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora pisa-sativae, Chalara elegans, Cladosporium cladosporioides f. sp. pisicoia, Cladosporium pisicoia, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum pisi, Erysiphe pisi, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum. sp. pisi, Fusarium solani, Fusicladium pisicoia, Glomerella cingulata, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Oidium sp., Peronospora viciae, Phoma pinodella, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Septoria pisi, Thanatephonis cucumeris, Thielaviopsis hasicola and Uromyces fabae, Soybean diseases: Cercospora kikuchii, Elsinoe glycines, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae, Septoria glycines, Cercospora sojina, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, and Phytophthora sojae.

[0276] ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE The present fungicidal combination and fungicidal composition for controlling or preventing fungal disease in crops that demonstrates enhanced antifungal efficacy, reduced toxicity, reduced use rates, lesser damage to the environment.

[0277] The methods employed by the present disclosure indicate sustained and effective control and treatment of fungal disease in crops, preferably for controlling target spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola and Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Glycine max (soybean).

[0278] The methods employed by the present disclosure further result in enhancing crop yield and improving crop health, preferably in Glycine max (soybean) susceptible to various diseases.

[0279] This effectiveness of all treatments can be evaluated according to Colby’s equation. In the Colby’s equation given below, E is the expected efficacy of combination of Cyantraniliprole, and orange oil,

[0280] X is the observed efficacy of Cyantraniliprole or salts thereof and

[0281] Y is the observed efficacy of the orange oil.

[0282] Observed efficacy values i.e., X and Y are % weed control for Cyantraniliprole and an orange oil. If observed efficacy of combination of Cyantraniliprole and an orange oil is greater than its expected efficacy, then combination is determined to be synergistic. If observed efficacy is equal to or less than expected efficacy, then combination is determined to be non- synergistic.

[0283] Colby’s equation E = X + Y - XY / 100

[0284] The results of synergistic effects of the present combinations / compositions are represented in examples. As used herein, all numerical values or numerical ranges include integers within such ranges and fractions of the values or the integers within ranges unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a range of 90- 100%, includes 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., as well as 91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc., and so forth.

[0285] Specifically, the invention includes embodiments in which particular subject matter is excluded, in full or in part, such as substances or materials, method steps and conditions, protocols, procedures, assays or analysis. Thus, even though the invention is generally not expressed herein in terms of what the invention does not include aspects that are not expressly included in the invention are nevertheless disclosed herein. A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0286] EXAMPLES

[0287] Example 1: Bio efficacy of fluazinam solo and combinations (with mancozeb and Difenoconazole) on Asian Soybean Rust.

[0288] The present invention will now be explained in detail by reference to the following formulation examples and a test example, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0289] The trials were conducted to evaluate efficacy of fluazinam solo and fluazinam combinations as set out in table 1, on Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Soybean Glycine max). Fluazinam solo and combinations (tank mix) were applied as per rates mentioned in Table 1 and efficacy was observed at 21 days after fourth application. The trial were conducted in triplicates and average % control was noted.

[0290] Table 1: Effect of Fluazinam solo, double and triple combination on Asian Soybean Rust

[0291] Table 1 illustrates %control of fluazinam solo and fluazinam combinations with mancozeb and difenoconazole on Asian Soybean Rust, fluazinam + mancozeb + difenoconazole exhibits increased efficacy over 2 way combinations of fluazinam + mancozeb and fluazinam + difenoconazole.

[0292] Example 2: Bio efficacy of fluazinam solo and combinations (with Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole and Fluxapyroxad) on Asian Soybean Rust. The trials were conducted to evaluate efficacy of fluazinam solo and fluazinam combinations as set out in table 2, on Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Soybean Glycine max). Fluazinam solo and combinations (tank mix) were applied as per rates mentioned in Table 2 and efficacy was observed at 21 days after fourth application. The trial were conducted in triplicates and average % control was noted. Table 2: Effect of Fluazinam solo, double and triple combination on Asian Soybean

[0293] Rust

[0294] Table 2 illustrates % control of fluazinam solo and fluazinam combinations with prothioconazole, tebuconazole and fluxapyroxad on Asian Soybean Rust, fluazinam + prothioconazole + fluxapyroxad & fluazinam + tebuconazole +fluxapyroxad exhibits increased efficacy over 2 way combinations of fluazinam + prothioconazole, and prothioconazole + fluxapyroxad and tebuconazole + fluxapyroxad. Example 3: Bio efficacy of fluazinam solo and combinations (with Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole and difenoconazole) on Asian Soybean Rust

[0295] The trials were conducted to evaluate efficacy of fluazinam solo and fluazinam combinations as set out in table 3, on Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Soybean Glycine max). Fluazinam solo and combinations (tank mix) were applied as per rates mentioned in Table 3 and efficacy was observed at 21 days after fourth application. The trial were conducted in triplicates and average % control was noted.

[0296] Table 3 Table 3 illustrates % control of fluazinam solo and fluazinam combinations with prothioconazole, tebuconazole and difenoconazole on Asian Soybean Rust, fluazinam + difenoconazole + prothioconazole & fluazinam + difenoconazole + tebuconazole exhibits increased efficacy over 2 way combinations of difenoconazole + prothioconazole, and difenoconazole + tebuconazole.

[0297] Specifically, the invention includes embodiments in which a particular subject matter is excluded, in full or in part, such as substances or materials, method steps and conditions, protocols, procedures, assays or analysis. Thus, even though the invention is generally not expressed herein in terms of what the invention does not include aspects that are not expressly included in the invention are nevertheless disclosed herein.

[0298] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments in this disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.

[0299] Throughout this specification, the term ‘combinations thereof or ‘any combination thereof or ‘any combinations thereof are used interchangeably and are intended to have the same meaning, as regularly known in the field of patents disclosures.

[0300] As regards the embodiments characterized in this specification, it is intended that each embodiment be read independently as well as in combination with another embodiment. For example, in case of some embodiments 1 reciting 3 alternatives A, B and C, some embodiments 2 reciting 3 alternatives D, E and F and some embodiments 3 reciting 3 alternatives G, H and I, it is to be understood that the specification unambiguously discloses embodiments corresponding to combinations A, D, G; A, D, H; A, D, I; A, E, G; A, E, H; A, E, I; A, F, G; A, F, H;

[0301] A, F, I; B, D, G; B, D, H; B, D, I; B, E, G; B, E, H; B, E, I; B, F, G; B, F, H; B, F, I; C, D, G; C, D, H; C, D, I; C, E, G; C, E, H; C, E, I; C, F, G; C, F, H; C, F, I, unless specifically mentioned otherwise.

Claims

Claims:

1. A fungicidal combination comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the systemic fungicide is selected from azole fungicides, pyrazolecarboxamide fungicides, pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicides, strobilurin fungicides, and tetrazolinone fungicides.

3. The combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein the azole fungicide is selected from imidazole fungicides, triazole fungicides, and triazolinthione fungicides.

4. The combination as claimed in claim 3, wherein the imidazole fungicide is selected from climbazole, clotrimazole, fenapanil, imazalil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, viniconazole, or a combination thereof.

5. The combination as claimed in claim 3, wherein the triazole fungicide is selected from azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, or a combination thereof.

6. The combination as claimed in claim 3, wherein the triazolinthione fungicide is selected from fluoxytioconazole or pro thioconazole, or a combination thereof.

7. The combination as defined in claim 2, wherein the pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide is selected from benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, flubeneteram, fluindapyr, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, inpyrfluxam, isoflucypram, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyrapropoyne, sedaxane, tolfenpyrad, or a combination thereof.

8. The combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicide is fluopyram.

9. The combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein the tetrazolinone fungicide is metyltetraprole.

10. The combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is selected from dihydrodioxazine fungicides, methoxyacetamide fungicides, methoxyacrylate fungicides, methoxycarbamate fungicides, oximinoacetamide fungicides, oximinoacetate fungicides.

11. The combination as claimed in claim 10, wherein the methoxy acrylate fungicide is picoxystrobin.

12. The combination as claimed in claim 10, wherein the oximinoacetate fungicide is selected from kresoxim-methyl, or trifloxystrobin.

13. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contact fungicide is selected from inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitrile, sulfamides, bis-guanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimide and thiocarbamate.

14. The combination as claimed in claim 13, wherein the inorganic compounds are selected from copper, sulfur; dithiocarbamates are selected from mancozeb, amobam ferbam, maneb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram; phthalimides are selected from captan, captafol, folpet; chloronitrile fungicide is chlorothalonil.

15. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combination is used to control Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Asian soybean rust) and Corynespora cassiicola (Target spot).

16. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein fluazinam is employed in an amount in the range from about 200 to 500 g a.i. / ha.

17. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein systemic fungicide is employed in an amount in the range from about 10 to 1000 g a.i. / ha.

18. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contact fungicide is employed in an amount in the range from about 100 to 4000 g a.i. / ha.

19. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide and at least a second systemic or a contact fungicide is in the range from about 0.1:0.1:0.1 to 10:0.1:0.1, to 0.1: 10:0.1, to 0.1:0.1:10, to 0.1: 10: 10, to 10: 10:0.1.

20. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combination is used to control fungal diseases in Glycine max (Soybean).

21. A fungicidal combination, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide, wherein the first and the second systemic fungicides arei. a combination of prothioconazole and dif enoconazole; or ii. a combination of prothioconazole and fluxapyroxad; or iii. a combination of prothioconazole and picoxystrobin; or iv. a combination of tebuconazole and fluxapyroxad; or v. a combination of tebuconazole and picoxystrobin.

22. A fungicidal combination, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a contact fungicide, wherein the first systemic fungicide and contact fungicides are i. a combination of prothioconazole and copper oxychloride; or ii. a combination of prothioconazole and sulfur; or iii. a combination of prothioconazole and mancozeb; or iv. a combination of tebuconazole and copper oxychloride; or v. a combination of tebuconazole and sulfur; or vi. a combination of tebuconazole and mancozeb.

23. A fungicidal composition comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide; and d) at least an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

24. A method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, comprises contacting or applying to foliage of the crops, seed, or a locus thereof aneffective amount of a fungicidal combination or a fungicidal composition, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

25. Use of the fungicidal combination or the fungicide composition for controlling or preventing fungal disease, comprising: a) fluazinam; b) at least a first systemic fungicide; and c) at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

26. A kit of parts comprising fluazinam, at least a first systemic fungicide and at least a second systemic fungicide or a contact fungicide.

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