Devices and methods for communication
By determining and measuring reference signal sets based on future durations and transmitting predicted beam failure information, the proposed solution addresses the inefficiencies in current beam failure detection and recovery processes, enhancing communication performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/109681
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-30
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems do not fully utilize predicted beam information during beam failure detection (BFD) and beam failure recovery (BFR) procedures, leading to unnecessary signaling overhead and communication interruptions.
The terminal device determines a reference signal (RS) set corresponding to future durations for BFD, candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring, and performs RS measurements accordingly. The network device generates configuration information indicating the RS sets and transmits it to the terminal device. Additionally, the terminal device transmits predicted beam failure information or recommended beam sets to the network device for future durations.
This approach reduces unnecessary beam failure reporting and improves the efficiency of BFD-related/BFR-related/RLM-related procedures by utilizing predicted beam information, thereby minimizing signaling overhead and communication interruptions.
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Figure CN2023109681_30012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for beam management.BACKGROUND
[0003] As communication networks and services increase in size, complexity, and number of users, operations in the communication networks may become increasingly more complicated. In order to improve the communication performance, machine learning (ML) / artificial intelligence (AI) technology is proposed to be used in the wireless communication network. For example, the terminal device and the network device may use different ML model to assist communication-related functionalities, such as, beam management (BM) .
[0004] As one example scenario, the ML / AL model may be deployed at either the terminal device or the network device, and information about predicted beams corresponding to a plurality of future time instances may be outputted as the results of the ML / AL model. Further, information about the predicted beams may be communicated between the terminal device and the network device. In current wireless communication system, the terminal device may perform beam failure detection (BFD) by measuring the reference signals (RSs) from the network device. Further, when the terminal device detects a beam failure, the terminal device may declare the beam failure to the network device and trigger a beam failure recovery (BFR) . So far, neither the BFD procedure nor the BFR procedure is performed by fully considering the predicted beam information, which causes unnecessary signalling overhead and communication interruption.SUMMARY
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine, at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and perform RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: generate, configuration information indicating at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and transmit the configuration information to a terminal device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine, at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device and a network device in at least one first future duration; and transmit, to the network device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a terminal device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: determining, at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and performing RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: generating, configuration information indicating at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and transmitting the configuration information to a terminal device.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: determining, at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device and a network device in at least one first future duration; and transmitting, to the network device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a terminal device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth aspect.
[0014] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 2A illustrates a signaling flow of BFR procedure;
[0018] FIG. 2B illustrates a block of BFD;
[0019] FIG. 2C illustrates a graph of beam quality;
[0020] FIG. 3 illustrates a timing of AI / ML based temporal beam prediction;
[0021] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIGS. 5A to 5D illustrate examples of configuration information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIGS. 6A to 6D illustrate examples of configuration information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 7 illustrates a timing of temporal beam prediction;
[0025] FIG. 8 illustrates a timing of temporal beam prediction;
[0026] FIGS. 9 illustrates an example of configuration information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 10 illustrates a timing of temporal beam prediction;
[0028] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of configuration information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIGS. 12A to 12C illustrate signaling flows of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of configuration information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIGS. 14A to 14C illustrate examples of configuration information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 15 illustrates a timing of temporal beam prediction;
[0033] FIG. 16 illustrates a timing of temporal beam prediction;
[0034] FIG. 17 illustrates a timing of temporal beam prediction;
[0035] FIG. 18 illustrates a timing of temporal beam prediction;
[0036] FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 21 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 22 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0040] FIG. 23 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0041] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0043] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0044] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0045] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0046] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0047] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0048] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0049] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0050] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0051] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0052] In legacy beam management, the BFD and BFR procedures are introduced to handle the blockage issue. As discussed above, in order to improve the communication performance, the ML / AI technology is proposed to be used in the wireless communication network. For example, the terminal device and the network device may use different ML model to assist communication-related functionalities, such as, beam management (BM) .
[0053] For AI / ML-based beam management, it has been agreed to support below BM-Case1 and BM-Case2:
[0054] BM-Case1: Spatial-domain downlink beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams.
[0055] BM-Case2: Temporal downlink L beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams.
[0056] Further, for BM-Case1 and BM-Case2, beams in above Set A and Set B may be in the same frequency range (FR) .
[0057] In case of BM-Case2, the following alternatives for the predicted beams may be supported: downlink transmitting (TX) beam prediction, downlink receiving (RX) beam prediction, beam pair prediction (a beam pair consists of a downlink TX beam and a corresponding downlink RX beam) .
[0058] Regarding the sub-use cases of BM-Case1 and BM-Case2, the following alternatives for AI / ML output may be supported: TX and / or RX Beam identity (ies) ID (s) and / or the predicted layer 1 (L1) -reference signal receiving power (RSRP) of the N predicted downlink TX and / or RX beams, e.g., N predicted beams can be the top-N predicted beams; TX and / or RX beam ID (s) of the N predicted downlink TX and / or TX beams and other information (e.g., probability for the beam to be the best beam, the associated confidence, beam application time / dwelling time, predicted beam failure) , where N predicted beams may be the top-N predicted beams; TX and / or RX Beam angle (s) and / or the predicted L1-RSRP of the N predicted DL TX and / or RX beams, where N predicted beams can be the top-N predicted beams.
[0059] Generally speaking, time-domain prediction may provide useful information to improve BFR-related and BFD-related procedures. So far, neither the BFD procedure nor the BFR procedure is performed by fully considering the predicted beam information, which causes unnecessary signalling overhead and communication interruption.
[0060] According to the example embodiments of the present discourse, a solution for beam management is proposed. In the solution, the terminal device determines, at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurement, where the at least one RS set is associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) . Then the terminal device performs RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration.
[0061] By determining at least one RS set corresponding to at least one future duration, the unnecessary beam failure reporting may be reduced and the BFD-related / BFR-related / RLM-related procedures may be improved accordingly.
[0062] For better descriptions, some terms used herein are listed as below:
[0063] AI / ML Model: refers to a data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs;
[0064] AI / ML model delivery: refers to a generic term referring to delivery of an AI / ML model from one entity to another entity in any manner. Note: An entity could mean a network node / function (e.g., gNB, LMF, etc. ) , UE, proprietary server, and so on;
[0065] AI / ML model Inference : refers to a process of using a trained AI / ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs;
[0066] AI / ML model testing: refers to a subprocess of training, to evaluate the performance of a final AI / ML model using a dataset different from one used for model training and validation. Differently from AI / ML model validation, testing does not assume subsequent tuning of the model;
[0067] AI / ML model training: refers to a process to train an AI / ML Model [by learning the input / output relationship] in a data driven manner and obtain the trained AI / ML Model for inference;
[0068] AI / ML model transfer: refers to delivery of an AI / ML model over the air interface in a manner that is not transparent to 3GPP signalling, either parameters of a model structure known at the receiving end or a new model with parameters. Delivery may contain a full model or a partial model;
[0069] AI / ML model validation: refers to a subprocess of training, to evaluate the quality of an AI / ML model using a dataset different from one used for model training, that helps selecting model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used for model training;
[0070] Data collection: refers to a process of collecting data by the network nodes, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI / ML model training, data analytics and inference;
[0071] Federated learning / federated training: refers to a machine learning technique that trains an AI / ML model across multiple decentralized edge nodes (e.g., UEs, gNBs) each performing local model training using local data samples. The technique requires multiple interactions of the model, but no exchange of local data samples;
[0072] Functionality identification: refers to a process / method of identifying an AI / ML functionality for the common understanding between the network and the UE. Note: Information regarding the AI / ML functionality may be shared during functionality identification. Where AI / ML functionality resides depends on the specific use cases and sub use cases;
[0073] Model activation: refers to enable an AI / ML model for a specific AI / ML-enabled feature;
[0074] Model deactivation: refers to disable an AI / ML model for a specific AI / ML-enabled feature;
[0075] Model download: refers to transfer a Model from the network to UE;
[0076] Model identification: refers to a process / method of identifying an AI / ML model for the common understanding between the network and the UE. Note: The process / method of model identification may or may not be applicable;
[0077] Information regarding the AI / ML model may be shared during model identification; Model monitoring: refers to a procedure that monitors the inference performance of the AI / ML model;
[0078] Model parameter update: refers to a process of updating the model parameters of a model;
[0079] Model selection: refers to a process of selecting an AI / ML model for activation among multiple models for the same AI / ML enabled feature. Note: Model selection may or may not be carried out simultaneously with model activation;
[0080] Model switching: refers to deactivating a currently active AI / ML model and activating a different AI / ML model for a specific AI / ML-enabled feature;
[0081] Model update: refers to a process of updating the model parameters and / or model structure of a model;
[0082] Model upload: refers to transfer a Model from UE to the network;
[0083] Network-side (AI / ML) model: refers to an AI / ML Model whose inference is performed entirely at the network;
[0084] Offline field data: refers to the data collected from field and used for offline training of the AI / ML model;
[0085] Offline training: refers to an AI / ML training process where the model is trained based on collected dataset, and where the trained model is later used or delivered for inference. Note: This definition only serves as a guidance. There may be cases that may not exactly conform to this definition but could still be categorized as offline training by commonly accepted conventions;
[0086] Online field data: refers to the data collected from field and used for online training of the AI / ML model;
[0087] Online training: refers to an AI / ML training process where the model being used for inference) is (typically continuously) trained in (near) real-time with the arrival of new training samples. Note: the notion of (near) real-time and non real-time are context-dependent and is relative to the inference time-scale. Note: This definition only serves as a guidance. There may be cases that may not exactly conform to this definition but could still be categorized as online training by commonly accepted conventions. Note: Fine-tuning / re-training may be done via online or offline training. (This note could be removed when we define the term fine-tuning) ;
[0088] Reinforcement Learning (RL) : refers to a process of training an AI / ML model from input (a.k.a. state) and a feedback signal (a.k.a. reward) resulting from the model’s output (a.k.a. action) in an environment the model is interacting with;
[0089] Semi-supervised learning A process of training a model with a mix of labelled data and unlabelled data;
[0090] Supervised learning: refers to a process of training a model from input and its corresponding labels;
[0091] Two-sided (AI / ML) model: refers to a paired AI / ML Model (s) over which joint inference is performed, where joint inference comprises AI / ML Inference whose inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, i.e., the first part of inference is firstly performed by UE and then the remaining part is performed by gNB, or vice versa;
[0092] UE-side (AI / ML) model: refers to an AI / ML Model whose inference is performed entirely at the UE;
[0093] Unsupervised learning: refers to a process of training a model without labelled data;
[0094] Proprietary-format models ML models of vendor- / device-specific proprietary format, from 3GPP perspective. They are not mutually recognizable across vendors and hide model design information from other vendors when shared. Note: An example is a device-specific binary executable format;
[0095] Open-format models: refers to ML models of specified format that are mutually recognizable across vendors and allow interoperability, from 3GPP perspective. They are mutually recognizable between vendors and do not hide model design information from other vendors when shared.
[0096] In the present disclosure,
[0097] terms of “ML model” , “AI model” , “ML function” , “AI function” and “algorithm” may be used interchangeably.
[0098] terms of “model” “functionality” and “model / functionality” may be used interchangeably.
[0099] terms of “ID” , “index” , “indicator” and “identifier” may be used interchangeably.
[0100] terms “ (time) duration” , “time instance” may be used interchangeably.
[0101] terms “future” , “prediction” and “predicted” may be used interchangeably.
[0102] terms “BFD” , “BFR” and “link failure recovery (LFR) ” , “radio link monitoring (RLM) ” and “candidate beam measurement” may be used interchangeably.
[0103] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0104] In the present disclosure, a beam may correspond to a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SSB) , a CSI-RS resource, or an SSB resource. Accordingly, a beam identity (ID) may be a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) , an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI) , or a RS ID. It also should be understood that in fact, a beam refers to a resource that enables a spatially directional communication, and thus may be identified by other suitable parameter in other embodiments. In present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0105] It is noted that when the term “a set of” is used, it may mean one or more elements / items, which may be replaced by terms of “at least one” , “a group of” or “a list of” . For example, “a set of X” means “at least one X” or “one or more Xs” .
[0106] In the following, a BFR / BFD procedure will be used as an example of BM procedure for describing some specific example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments described with regard to the BFR / BFD procedure are equally applicable to other type of BM, such as candidate beam measurement procedure, RLM procedure and so on.
[0107] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0108] Example Environment
[0109] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including a terminal device 110 and a network device 120, can communicate with each other.
[0110] Further, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is supported in the communication environment 100, such that the network device 120 and the terminal device 110 may communicate with each other via different beams to enable a directional communication.
[0111] In the example of FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may include a terminal device and the network device 120 may include a network device serving the terminal device. In this specific example embodiment, a link from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as uplink, while a link from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink.
[0112] In downlink, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) , and the network device 120 may transmit downlink transmission to the terminal device 110 via one or more beams. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the network device 120 transmits downlink transmission to the terminal device 110 via the one or more of beams 140-1, 140-2 and 140-3. For purpose of discussion, the beams 140-1 to 140-3 are collectively or individually referred to as beam 140.
[0113] Correspondingly, in uplink, the network device 120 is an RX device (or a receiver) and the terminal device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) , and the terminal device 110 may transmit uplink transmission to the network device 120 via one or more beams. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 transmits uplink transmission to the network device 120 via the beams 130-1 to 130-3. For purpose of discussion, the beams 130-1 to 130-3 are collectively or individually referred to as beam 130.
[0114] In some embodiments, one or more models may be deployed at the terminal device 110 and / or the network device 120. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the model 115 may be deployed at the terminal device 110. Alternatively, or in addition, the model 125 may be deployed at the terminal device 110. In case that both model 115 and model 125 are deployed, the model 115 and model 125 may be operated collaboratively with each other.
[0115] Additionally, a hybrid model monitoring is supported in the communication environment 100. Specifically, the terminal device 110 monitors the performance metric (s) while the network device 120 makes decision (s) on model-related operations, such as, selections, activation, deactivation, switching, fallback and so on.
[0116] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0117] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may communicate with each other via a channel such as a wireless communication channel on an air interface (e.g., Uu interface) . The wireless communication channel may comprise a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , a physical random-access channel (PRACH) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) . Of course, any other suitable channels are also feasible.
[0118] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0119] As discussed above, BFR procedures are introduced to handle the blockage issue. The BFR procedure mainly contains beam failure detection (BFD) , new beam identification, beam failure recovery request (BFRQ) , and response to BFRQ. During the BFR procedure, the UE monitors the quality of the serving beam, and if the quality falls to a certain condition, UE may notify the network about the information of beam failure and / or new beam which may be used for subsequent transmissions. The network device then may response to UE that this information is received.
[0120] References are now made to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, where FIG. 2A illustrates a signaling flow 200A of BFR procedure, and FIG. 2B illustrates a block 200B of BFD system.
[0121] In some embodiments, the radio resource control (RRC) is used to configure related information, where information element (IE) of RadioLinkMonitoringConfig comprises configurations about how to detect beam failure (such as, the BFD RS, and beam failure threshold, timer, counter information and so on) , IE of BeamFailureRecoveryConfig comprises configurations about candidate beam and BFRQ (such as, candidate beam detection (CBD) RS, and candidate beam threshold, association between CBD RS and PRACH, or PUCCH SR used for BFRQ, dedicated search space / CORESET to monitor network response) .
[0122] In some embodiments, upon receiving the RRC configuration for BFR, the UE may perform a beam failure detection (BFD) based on periodic 1-port CSI-RS for BM, such as, resources in a set q0, which may be explicitly configured or implicitly deduced from PDCCH quasi co-location (QCL) information. In some embodiments, the radio link quality threshold Qout, LR, which a hypothetical PDCCH block error rate (BLER) , is used for beam failure declaration.
[0123] In some embodiments, the candidate beam detection (CBD) may be based on synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) and CSI-RS for BM, and the CBD set may be represented as set q1. In some embodiments, resources in a set q1 may be cross-carrier.
[0124] In some embodiments, the radio link quality threshold Qin, LR, which is L1-RSRP, may be used for detecting the new / target beam, where the identified new / target beam beam may be represented as qnew.
[0125] In some embodiments, in case of special cell (spCell) BFR, the beam failure recovery request (BFRQ) may be carried by contention-free random access channel (RACH) , and BFRQ response may be carried by PDCCH in a dedicated control Rresource set (CORESET) / search space associated with configured recoverySearchSpaceId.
[0126] In some embodiments, in case of secondary cell (SCell) BFR, the UE may send a BFR MAC CE to the gNB, which may convey the following information: the failed component carrier (CC) index, whether a new beam is identified, the RS resource ID representing identified new beam index.
[0127] In some embodiments, the UE sends a scheduling request (SR) over PUCCH for BFR (which may be dedicatedly configured) to indicate beam failure and request resource for BFR media access control (MAC) control element (CE) report, where the SR may be dedicatedly configured. Further, if the SR is not configured, contention based PRACH may be used. Accordingly, the response of gNB may be the same as that in a normal SR procedure.
[0128] In some embodiments, after receiving the BFR MAC CE, the gNB may send a PDCCH to schedule a new transmission for the same hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process used to transmit BFR MAC CE. Then, after a certain time duration (e.g., 28 symbols) since the UE receives the response, the UE may apply the newly identified beam to all CORESETs and PUCCH resources.
[0129] In some embodiments, for multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) , the BFR procedure may be performed per TRP to have a per TRP BFD, CBD and BFR.
[0130] In some embodiments, the UE MAC layer may be responsible to receive indication from UE physical (PHY) layer, maintain counter and timer to decide whether to declare beam failure, trigger related PHY layer procedure and so on.
[0131] In some embodiments, the UE PHY layer may be responsible to measure all configured BFD RS and CBD RS, send beam failure instance indication to UE MAC layer, transmit BFRQ, monitor network response and so on.
[0132] FIG. 2C illustrates a graph of beam quality. In FIG. 2C, Beam #1 is the serving beam (s) , Beam #2 is the indicated beam (s) for future time instance based on prediction, and the switching point 280 is the indicated time point to apply Beam #2.
[0133] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, when serving beam (Beam #1 as in FIG. 2C) becomes worse, with the legacy method, beam failure detection is declared at UE side, which then triggers BFR-related procedures (may including e.g., candidate RS measurement, new beam identification, BFRQ transmission and BFRQ response reception and so on) to let the network device know the beam failure occurs and to request to switch to a new beam. This BFR procedure may take a relatively long time.
[0134] However, if beam to be used in near future has been known by temporal prediction, and if the time required for BFR procedure is longer than the time remaining for the next beam switching (duration Tr 260 in FIG. 2C) , there is no need to perform the legacy BFR procedure. In view of this, it would benefit if the beam failure detection may be performed with considering the temporal beam prediction.
[0135] Further, it is a common scenario where the network does not exactly follow the UE reported beams for beam indication. That is, the UE may report some future beam predictions, but the network may not always assign the reported predicted beams in those future time instances. In other word, the network scheduling algorithm may assign a beam different from the reported beams, or the reported beam with the best reported beam quality. As a result, the network may schedule a beam to be failed for the UE.
[0136] In view of this, if the UE-side AI / ML model may predict beam failure, it is useful to provide this information to the network such that the network may avoid assigning a to-be-failed beam to the terminal device.
[0137] Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a timing 300 of AI / ML based temporal beam prediction.
[0138] In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may be used to predict the beam and beam quality for future time instances, including the predicted beam failure information. By applying the AI / ML based temporal beam prediction, the RS overhead and / or RS measurement overhead may be reduced, for example, the RS periodicity in set B may be larger than the RS periodicity applied for non-AI beam management. Further, by applying the AI / ML based temporal beam prediction, the beam indication signaling overhead also may be reduced, for example, one beam indication may provide information required for several transmissions in the future.
[0139] Example Processes
[0140] It is to be understood that the operations at the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 should be coordinated. In other words, the network device 120 and the terminal device 110 should have common understanding about configurations, parameters and so on. Such common understanding may be implemented by any suitable interactions between the network device 120 and the terminal device 110 or both the network device 120 and the terminal device 110 applying the same rule / policy. In the following, although some operations are described from a perspective of the terminal device 110, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the network device 120. Similarly, although some operations are described from a perspective of the network device 120, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the terminal device 110. Merely for brevity, some of the same or similar contents are omitted here.
[0141] In addition, in the following description, some interactions are performed among the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 (such as, exchanging configuration (s) and so on) . It is to be understood that the interactions may be implemented either in one single signaling / message / configuration or multiple signaling / messages / configurations, including system information, RRC message, downlink control information (DCI) message, uplink control information (UCI) message, MAC CE and so on. The present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0142] Reference is made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signaling flow 400 for communicating information about the number of predicted beams in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120.
[0143] In FIG. 4, it is assumed that the future beams may be obtained, by a prediction either at the network device 120 side or at the terminal device 110 side.
[0144] In some embodiments, the temporal beam prediction may be used for improving the procedure for configurating the RSs to be measured.
[0145] In operation, the terminal device 110 may determine 420 at least one RS set (where each RS set comprises one or more RSs for measurement) corresponding to at least one future duration. In some embodiments, the at least one RS set being may be associated with at least one of the following: BFD, candidate beam measurement, or RLM. For example, the at least one RS set comprises: a first RS set which is represented as RS#1, a second RS set which is represented as RS#2 and a third RS set which is represented as RS#3; and the at least one future duration comprises: a first future duration which is represented as time duration #1, a second future duration which is represented as time duration #2 and a third future duration which is represented as time duration #3.
[0146] In some embodiments, the RS (s) comprised in the at least one RS set may be the RS (s) with the same RS ID (s) as the RS (s) comprised in Set B of BM Case 2, or the RS (s) associated with one or many of Set B RS (s) of BM Case 2.
[0147] Next, the terminal device 110 may perform 430 RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration. For example, the terminal device may measure RS#1 in time duration #1, measure RS#2 in time duration #2 and measure RS#3 in time duration #3.
[0148] That is, at least one (BFD / candidate beam measurement / RLM) RS set may be determined for different future durations, where each RS set comprises one or more RSs. In other words, the (BFD / candidate beam measurement / RLM) RS sets determined at a first time instance may include a (BFD / candidate beam measurement / RLM) RS set associated with a second time instance, where the second time instance may be a future time instance.
[0149] It is to be noted that in case that the number of RSs to be measured during each duration is one, the terminal device 110 may determine an RS set which comprising different RSs for different future duration (s) . For example, the terminal device 110 may determine an RS set comprising a first RS and a second RS, where the first RS is measured during the first future duration and the second RS is measured during the second future duration.
[0150] In the following, how to determine the at least one RS set is discussed. As illustrated in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive 410 configuration information from the network device 120, where the configuration information may indicate the at least one RS set, and the at least one future duration corresponding to the at least one RS set.
[0151] Further, the at least one RS set may be indicated by any suitable parameters, include but are not limited to, an identity of the RS, an identity of a beam associated with the RS, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the RS, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the RS.
[0152] Further, the at least one future duration may be indicated by any suitable parameters, include but are not limited to,
[0153] at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one future duration,
[0154] at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one future duration,
[0155] at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration,
[0156] a starting time point corresponding to the first of the at least one future duration, or
[0157] a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one future duration.
[0158] In some embodiments, the configuration information may further indicate at least one of the following: predicted quality information about the at least one RS set, or predicted failure information about the at least one RS set.
[0159] In some embodiments, a default BFD RS assumption may be adopted for the future durations if the BFD RS set (s) is not indicated.
[0160] It is noted that the at least one RS set may be configured explicitly or implicitly. In other words, the network device 120 may transmit configuration information which explicitly indicates the at least one RS set to the terminal device 110, or the terminal device 110 may determine the at least one RS set based on another configuration which is not dedicated for configuring the RS set (s) . Example processes are discussed as below separately.
[0161] In some embodiments, the at least one RS set may be configured by an explicit configuration of BFD RS set. In this event, the terminal device 110 may be provided with a BFD RS set configuration which comprises both time duration information (used for indicating the at least one future duration) and the RS information (used for indicating the at least one RS set) . In some embodiments, the explicit configuration may be transmitted by any of RRC, MAC CE or DCI.
[0162] In some embodiments, the UE may be provided, a list of BFD RS sets of RS resource configuration indexes, corresponding to a list of future time instances for radio link quality measurements on the BWP of the serving cell.
[0163] In some embodiments, the RS information may be RS ID (s) . Alternatively, the RS information also may be beam information in the form of: TCI state ID (s) , beam ID (s) , QCL information and others. The present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0164] In some embodiments, the unit of the time duration information may be counted in symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or in msec, seconds and so on. Alternatively, the time duration information also may be counted in the number of PDCCH monitoring occasions, PDSCH transmission occasions and so on.
[0165] In some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point (also referred to as first switching time point) corresponding to the at least one future duration. Reference is now made to FIG. 5A, which illustrates an example of configuration information 500A. In FIG. 5A, the terminal device 110 is configured to start / switch to measure the first RS set RS#1 at the time point #1, start / switch to measure the second RS set RS#2 at the time point #2 and so on.
[0166] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one ending time point (also referred to as second switching time point) corresponding to the at least one future duration. It may imply monitoring the first RS set RS #1 before time point #1, monitoring the second RS set RS #2 between time point #1 and time point #2 and so on. Additionally, in some embodiments, the starting time point of monitoring the first RS set RS #1 needs to be signaled or defined.
[0167] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration (also referred to as at least one lasting time duration, or at least one beam dwelling time) . Reference is now made to FIG. 5B, which illustrates an example of configuration information 500B. In FIG. 5B, the terminal device 110 is configured to monitor the first RS set RS #1 during the time duration #1, monitor the second RS set RS #2 during the time duration #2, and so on. In some embodiments, it may imply that time duration #1 and #2 are adjacent. Additionally, in some embodiments, the starting / ending time point of monitoring the first RS set RS #1 needs to be signaled or defined.
[0168] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point and at least one ending time point. In this way, the indicated future beams may be used in a discontinuous way.
[0169] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point and at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration. Reference is now made to FIG. 5C, which illustrates an example of configuration information 500C.
[0170] In addition to indicating each future BFD RS set explicitly, the time duration information also may be signaled or defined for all RS set (s) , for example, the same time interval T and a starting time point t0. Reference is now made to FIG. 5D, which illustrates an example of configuration information 500D.
[0171] In some embodiments, the at least one RS set may be determined implicitly. In some embodiments, the UE may determine the BFD RS set in a first time duration to include RS resource configuration indexes associated with RS indexes in the RS sets indicated by TCI-State for respective CORESETs that the UE uses for monitoring PDCCH in a second time duration.
[0172] In some embodiments, a default TCI state assumption may be adopted for the future durations if the TCI state set (s) is not indicated. For example, the TCI state associated with the earliest time information or the latest time information may be used as default TCI (s) .
[0173] Different from the explicit configuration, in some embodiments, the BFD RS set (s) may be determined based on the RS set (s) used for PDCCH monitoring and the time information.
[0174] In some embodiments, the RS set (s) used for PDCCH monitoring may be obtained based TCI state indication (s) for CORESET (s) .
[0175] In some embodiments, the TCI state indication (s) for CORESET (s) for future time instances may include a list of TCI state information and time duration information.
[0176] In some embodiments, the TCI state information may be in the form of: TCI state ID (s) , RS ID (s) , beam ID (s) , and so on.
[0177] In some embodiments, the TCI state information may be associated with predicted beam quality information, e.g., RSRP, SINR and so on. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the TCI state information may also include predicted beam failure information.
[0178] In some embodiments, the TCI state information may be unified TCI state for PDCCH and other channels / signals (such as, PDSCH) , or dedicated TCI state for PDCCH and so on.
[0179] In some embodiments, the unit of the time duration information may be counted in symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or in msec, seconds and so on. Alternatively, the time duration information also may be counted in the number of PDCCH monitoring occasions, PDSCH transmission occasions and so on.
[0180] In some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point (also referred to as first switching time point) corresponding to the at least one future duration. Reference is now made to FIG. 6A, which illustrates an example of configuration information 600A. In FIG. 6A, the terminal device 110 is configured to start / switch to measure the first TCI set TCI#1 at the time point #1, start / switch to measure the second TCI set TCI#2 at the time point #2 and so on.
[0181] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one ending time point (also referred to as second switching time point) corresponding to the at least one future duration. It may imply monitoring the first TCI set TCI #1 before time point #1, monitoring the second TCI set TCI #2 between time point #1 and time point #2 and so on. Additionally, in some embodiments, the starting time point of monitoring the first TCI set TCI #1 needs to be signaled or defined.
[0182] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration (also referred to as at least one lasting time duration, or at least one beam dwelling time) . Reference is now made to FIG. 6B, which illustrates an example of configuration information 600B. In FIG. 6B, the terminal device 110 is configured to monitor the first TCI set TCI #1 during the time duration #1, monitor the second TCI set TCI #2 during the time duration #2, and so on. In some embodiments, it may imply that time duration #1 and #2 are adjacent. Additionally, in some embodiments, the starting / ending time point of monitoring the first TCI set TCI #1 needs to be signaled or defined.
[0183] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point and at least one ending time point. In this way, the indicated future beams may be used in a discontinuous way.
[0184] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point and at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration. Reference is now made to FIG. 6C, which illustrates an example of configuration information 600C.
[0185] In addition to indicating each future TCI state explicitly, the time duration information also may be signaled or defined for all TCI state set (s) , for example, the same time interval T and a starting time point t0. Reference is now made to FIG. 6D, which illustrates an example of configuration information 600D.
[0186] In some embodiments. if an RS / TCI state set is associated with a predicted failure information, the terminal device 110 / the network device 120 may not include the RS / TCI state set in the at least one RS set (i.e., exclude the RS / RS set from the at least one RS set) . The predicted beam failure information may be determined by the AI / ML model inference performed in the network device 120 or the terminal device 110.
[0187] In some embodiments, the at least one RS set comprises a first RS set corresponding to a first duration and a second RS set corresponding to a second duration which follows the first duration, wherein the second RS set being at least partially different from the first RS set. In this event, the terminal device 110 may measure both the first and second RS sets during a third duration before an ending of the first duration (and / or before a starting of the second duration) .
[0188] In some embodiments, the third duration may be defined as a default value. As one example, the third duration is pre-defined by the communication organization (such as 3GPP) , or pre-defined by the network operator or service provider. In this way, no additional signaling exchanging between the terminal device and the network device 210 is needed.
[0189] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the third duration may be dynamically or semi-statically configured. For example, the third duration may be configured by the network device 120, or reported by the terminal device 110.
[0190] Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which illustrates a timing 700 of temporal beam prediction. In FIG. 7, the time duration 710 Ts (i.e., the third duration) before a switching time point, both the first BFD RS set RS#1 for and the second BFD RS set RS#2 may be assessed, where the first BFD RS set is associated with the first time information and the second BFD RS set is associated with the second time information.
[0191] In some embodiments, the radio link quality assessment may be improved. For example, the periodicity of BFD RS assessment and beam failure instance (BFI) indication to the higher layers may be based on, such as, RS periodicity and the AI / ML model description. Specifically, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may inform a beam failure to a higher layer of the terminal device 110 with a periodicity determined based on at least one of the following:
[0192] periodicities of RSs comprised in the at least one RS set,
[0193] a pre-defined time length,
[0194] a time length associated with a model (i.e., the AI / ML model description, (represented as “X” ) ,
[0195] a scaling factor configured for a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, or
[0196] a DRX cycle length.
[0197] In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may be used for predicting beams and the time length may be associated with a prediction capability of the model. Specifically, the AI / ML model may be used for time domain beam prediction (or predicting beams for future time instances) .
[0198] In some embodiments, a first value of the time length associated with the DRX mode may be different from a second value of the time length associated with a non-DRX mode.
[0199] In some embodiments, the periodicity may be determined to be the maximum value among at least one of the following: {the minimum of the periodicities of RSs, the pre-defined time length, or the time length associated with the model} .
[0200] In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 is in the DRX mode, the periodicity may be determined to be the maximum value among at least one of the following: {the minimum of scaled periodicities of RSs, a scaled time length associated with the model, or a scaled DRX cycle length} .
[0201] In some embodiments, during the BFI indication management, the periodicity of BFD RS assessment and BFI indication to the higher layers may be based on RS periodicity and the AI / ML model description (represented as “X” , i.e., the time length associated with a model) . In some embodiments, as for the AI / ML model with a better performance, the assessment periodicity may be larger, for example, every X ms, X is given by the AI / ML model description. In some embodiments, for AI / ML model used for predicting beams for future time instances, X may be based on the time interval between the future time instances, for example, X is a function of the time interval.
[0202] In some embodiments, the AI / ML model description X may be determined based on the time information, e.g., the lasting time duration, or time interval T of the future duration. Further, the AI / ML model description X may be separately configured.
[0203] In some embodiments, a first value of the AI / ML model description X associated with the DRX mode may be different from a second value of the AI / ML model description X associated with a non-DRX mode.
[0204] According to the legacy solution, the periodicity is the max {shortest RS periodicity, 2 msec} . In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the AI / ML model description X is considered, and thus the periodicity may be max {shortest RS periodicity, 2 msec, X msec} . Further, considering that X should usually be larger than 2 ms, the periodicity also may be max {shortest RS periodicity, X msec} .
[0205] In some embodiments, in DRX mode, the periodicity may be based on DRX cycle length, the AI / ML model description X, RS periodicity, and / or UE class.
[0206] In some embodiments, in DRX mode, the periodicity may be max (scaling_factor × DRX_cycle_length, scaling_factor × RS periodicity, scaling_factor × X) , if DRX_cycle_length ≤ Threshold ms. In some embodiments, the periodicity may be DRX_cycle_length, if DRX_cycle_length > Threshold ms. In some embodiments, the scaling factor may be e.g., 1.5, and the Threshold may be e.g., 320 ms.
[0207] In some embodiments, in AI / ML mode operation, the physical layer informs the higher layers when the radio link quality is worse than the threshold Qout, LR with a periodicity determined by the maximum between the shortest periodicity among the SS / PBCH blocks on the PCell or the PSCell and / or the periodic CSI-RS configurations in BFD RS set that the UE uses to assess the radio link quality and X msec, where X is based on AI / ML model description.
[0208] In case of BFR, if the radio link quality of a beam is assessed to be worse than a threshold, the physical layer of the terminal device 110 may inform the beam failure to the higher layer of the terminal device 110 by using a BFI indication. If the beam failure counter (BFI_COUNTER) is equal to or larger than the beamFailureInstanceMaxCount, a BFR-related procedure may be triggered by the terminal device 110. In view of this, in order to optimize the BFR procedure, the process for maintaining the beam failure counter may be improved.
[0209] In some embodiments, the BFI counter resetting procedure may be improved. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may reset 440 the beam failure counter according to some rules. As a general rule, if the future BFD RS is known and is to be switched to, the beam failure counter (which may be represented as BFI_COUNTER) of the BFD RS / BFD-RS may be set to ‘0’ .
[0210] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may reset the beam failure counter at a first time point in accordance with a determination that a target beam is to be applied at a second time point, wherein the first time point is earlier than the second time point.
[0211] In some embodiments, a value of the fourth duration may be ‘0’ . In this event, the terminal device 110 may not need to determine the fourth duration, and may reset the beam failure counter at the first / second time point.
[0212] In some embodiments, a fourth duration between the first time point and the second time point may be defined as a default value. As one example, the fourth duration is pre-defined by the communication organization (such as 3GPP) , or pre-defined by the network operator or service provider. In this way, no additional signaling exchanging between the terminal device and the network device 210 is needed.
[0213] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the fourth duration may be dynamically or semi-statically configured. For example, the fourth duration may be configured by the network device 120, or reported by the terminal device 110.
[0214] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may reset the beam failure counter at a third time point in accordance with a determination that a different RS or RS set is to be measured at a fourth time point, wherein the third time point is earlier than the fourth time point.
[0215] In some embodiments, a value of the fifth duration may be ‘0’ . In this event, the terminal device 110 may not need to determine the fourth duration, and may reset the beam failure counter at the third / fourth time point.
[0216] In some embodiments, a fifth duration between the third time point and the fourth time point may be defined as a default value. As one example, the fifth duration is pre-defined by the communication organization (such as 3GPP) , or pre-defined by the network operator or service provider. In this way, no additional signaling exchanging between the terminal device and the network device 210 is needed.
[0217] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the fifth duration may be dynamically or semi-statically configured. For example, the fifth duration may be configured by the network device 120, or reported by the terminal device 110.
[0218] In some embodiments, if the future BFD RS set has been known and is to be switched to, the related beam failure counter BFI_COUNTER of the BFD-RS may be set to 0. It implies that if predicted beam has been known and beam switch is to be performed, BFI counter may be reset.
[0219] Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which illustrates a timing 800 of temporal beam prediction. In some embodiments, the “to-be-switched” BFD RS set / beam (i.e., the RS#2 in FIG. 8) is monitored and it is better than the BFD threshold, and different from the current BFD RS set / beam (i.e., the RS#1 in FIG. 8) .
[0220] As illustrated in FIG. 8, at time point 810, the beam / BFD RS switching is to be performed in next time duration Tr (i.e., the fourth / fifth duration) . In some embodiments, the time duration Tr may be less than a threshold, which may be pre-defined, network configured or UE reported. In some embodiments, the time duration Tr may be less than the time required for BFR.
[0221] In some embodiments, the at least one RS set comprises a first RS set corresponding to a first duration and a second RS set corresponding to a second duration which follows the first duration. In this event, the terminal device 110 may start a beam failure counter at a start point of the first duration; and in accordance with a determination that the first RS set is at least partially overlapped with the second RS set, the terminal device 110 may continue the beam failure counter without resetting in the second duration.
[0222] In some embodiments, if a same BFD RS / TCI state (or, overlapping, partially overlapping RS list / TCI state list) is monitored / applied for different consecutive time durations, BFI counter does not need to be set to 0. E.g., RS #1 and RS #2 are pointing to same RS, or same RS list, or they are partially overlapped, and the BFI counter may be not set to 0 when switching from RS #1 to RS #2.
[0223] In some embodiments, at the starting time point of monitoring a different BFD RS (set) , the BFI counter may be reset. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may reset the beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring an RS set or a start of measuring a different RS set. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may reset the beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring the at least one RS set.
[0224] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the BFI counter is not reset until a reception of a new BFD RS set configuration or beam indication (as illustrated in FIG. 9, which illustrates an example of configuration information 900 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure) . In FIG. 9, the UE does not set BFI counter to 0 when it switches from monitoring RS #1 to monitor RS #2, and the BFI counter set to 0 only when all of the predicted future beams (BFD RS (s) ) are applied / monitored.
[0225] In some embodiments, the maximum value of a beam failure counter is associated with at least one of the following: the number of future durations of the at least one future duration, or the number of RSs comprised in an RS set.
[0226] In some embodiments, the maximum value of a beam failure counter with beam prediction beamFailureInstanceMaxCount may be configured with a larger value, e.g., N*beamFailureInstanceMaxCount, where N may be the number of the RS sets.
[0227] In some embodiments, if the serving cell is configured with BFD-RS sets, and if the reference signal (s) associated with a BFD-RS set of the Serving Cell used for beam failure detection is changed or to be changed in next Tr time, set BFI_COUNTER of the BFD-RS set to 0.
[0228] In some embodiments, if the temporal beam prediction is available, BFD procedure may be temporarily stopped. Specifically, in case that at least one beam to be used in the at least one future duration is predicted by either the terminal device 110 or the network device 120, the terminal device 110 may stop performing a BFD procedure.
[0229] In addition to the beam failure counter, the BFD timer management also may be improved.
[0230] The BFD timer is used to control the time length for assessment before BFD declaration when the BFI indication is received by the higher layers for the first time. When BFD timer expires, BFI_COUNTER of the BFD-RS set is set to 0.
[0231] In view of this, in some embodiments, if the future BFD RS has been known and is to be switched to, the BFD timer may be reset.
[0232] Reference is now made to FIG. 10, which illustrated a timing 1000 of temporal beam prediction. In some embodiments, the “to-be-switched” BFD RS set / beam (i.e., the RS#2 in FIG. 10) is monitored and it is better than the BFD threshold, and different from the current beam.
[0233] In some embodiments, the BFD timer may be configured with a value larger than the overall time length of the prediction. For example, the BFD timer >= N*T if the time information is provided as in FIG. 11 (illustrates an example of configuration information 1000) , which implies that BFD assessment needs to cover all predicted beams. For example, beamFailureDetectionTimer with beam prediction = Sum {Ti} , where i=1, …, N.
[0234] In some embodiments, the BFD timer may be configured with a value smaller than the lasting duration of one predicted beam, for example, the BFD timer <= T if the time information is provided as in FIG. 11, which implies that BFD assessment is performed for each beam as indicated sequentially. For example, beamFailureDetectionTimer with beam prediction = max {Ti} , where i=1, …, N.
[0235] In some embodiments, if the serving cell is configured with BFD-RS sets, and if beam failure instance indication for a BFD-RS set has been received from lower layer, start or restart the beamFailureDetectionTimer of the BFD-RS set. In some embodiments, if the Serving Cell is configured with BFD-RS sets, and if the reference signal (s) associated with a BFD-RS set of the Serving Cell used for beam failure detection is changed or to be changed in next Tr time, set the beamFailureDetectionTimer of this BFD-RS set as expired / stopped, and set BFI_COUNTER of the BFD-RS set to 0.
[0236] As clarified above, the above discussions about BFR are also suitable for candidate beam measurement and RLM.
[0237] In case of candidate beam measurement, the UE may determine that candidate beam RS set to include different RS (s) as the candidate beam RS (s) for different time duration (s) .
[0238] In some embodiments, the UE may be provided with candidate beam RS set configuration with both time duration information and the RS information. As how to indicate the time duration information and the RS information has been fully discussed. Merely for brevity, the same or the similar content are omitted here.
[0239] In some embodiments, the UE may be provided, a list of candidate beam RS sets of RS resource indexes for radio link quality measurements on the BWP of the serving cell, corresponding to a list of future time instances.
[0240] With the above processes, the unnecessary beam failure recovery procedure may be minimized / avoided by utilizing the future beam information, and thus resources that would be dedicated configured for BFR may be reduced and the BFR latency may be shortened accordingly.
[0241] Reference is made to FIG. 12A, which illustrates a signaling flow 1200A for communicating information about the number of predicted beams in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1200A will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120.
[0242] In operation, the terminal device 110 may determine 1210 at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device 110 and a network device 120 in at least one first future duration. Then, the terminal device 110 may transmit 1220 a first message to the network device 120.
[0243] In some embodiments, the second beam set comprises at least one of the following:
[0244] a beam with the highest failure probability, or
[0245] at least one beam with a failure probability higher than or equal to a threshold probability.
[0246] In some embodiments, the threshold probability may be defined as a default value. As one example, the threshold probability is pre-defined by the communication organization (such as 3GPP) , or pre-defined by the network operator or service provider. In this way, no additional signaling exchanging between the terminal device and the network device 210 is needed.
[0247] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold probability may be dynamically or semi-statically configured. For example, the threshold probability may be configured by the network device 120, or reported by the terminal device 110.
[0248] In some embodiments, a first message may indicate predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set.
[0249] Alternatively, the first message may indicate at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure. The at least one recommended beam set may imply the beam set has been predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0250] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the at least one first beam set based on an output of a model used for predicting beams and deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0251] In some embodiments, the at least one first beam set may be indicated by the network device 120. In this event, the terminal device 110 may receive configuration information from the network device 120, where the configuration information indicates the at least one first beam set, and the at least one first future duration.
[0252] In some embodiments, after transmitting the first message, the terminal device 110 may postpone application timing of the at least one second future duration or application timing of the configuration information.
[0253] In some embodiments, upon a receipt of the configuration information, the terminal device 110 may expect not to receive further configuration information indicating at least one further first beam set within the at least one first future duration.
[0254] Alternatively, or in addition, upon a receipt of the configuration information, the terminal device 110 may ignore at least one further first beam set comprised in further configuration information within the at least one first future duration.
[0255] In some embodiments, the first message may indicate the at least one second beam set and the at least one second future duration.
[0256] In some embodiments, the at least one second future duration may be indicated by one of the following:
[0257] at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration,
[0258] at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration,
[0259] at least one time length corresponding to the at least one respective future duration,
[0260] a starting time point of corresponding to the first of the at least one respective future duration, or
[0261] a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one respective future duration.
[0262] In some embodiments, a beam in the at least one second beam set may be indicated by one of the following:
[0263] a beam identity,
[0264] an identity of the RS associated with the beam,
[0265] a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the beam, or
[0266] quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the beam.
[0267] In some embodiments, the first message may indicate at least one recommended beam set, and the at least one third future duration.
[0268] In some embodiments, the at least one third future duration may be indicated by one of the following:
[0269] at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration,
[0270] at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration,
[0271] at least one time length corresponding to the at least one respective future duration,
[0272] a starting time point of corresponding to the first of the at least one respective future duration, or
[0273] a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one respective future duration.
[0274] In some embodiments, a beam in the at least one recommended beam set may be indicated by one of the following:
[0275] a beam identity,
[0276] an identity of the RS associated with the beam,
[0277] a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the beam, or
[0278] quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the beam.
[0279] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information may indicate at least one first indication, each first indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to a beam set or a future duration.
[0280] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information may indicate a plurality of second indication, each second indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to an RS.
[0281] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information comprises at least one of the following:
[0282] an indication indicating whether there is a predicted beam failure,
[0283] a predicted probability of beam failure, or
[0284] predicted quality information.
[0285] In some embodiments, after transmitting the first message , the terminal device 110 may receive a second message from the network device 120, the second message indicating at least one of the following:
[0286] a beam indication indicating at least one beam to be used in future durations,
[0287] at least one fourth beam set used to update the at least one second beam set,
[0288] confirmation information on the at least one recommended beam set, or
[0289] at least one fifth beam set used to update at least one rejected recommended beam set.
[0290] More details about how to indicate the predicted beam failure information will be discussed with reference to FIG. 12B and FIG. 12C. In FIG, 12B, the terminal device 110 may provide a predicted failure information of a beam to the network device 120, the beam may be one or many reported in a beam report for the UE-side prediction results report. In FIG, 12C, the terminal device 110 may provide a predicted failure information of a beam to the network device 120, the beam may be one or more indicated via the beam indication for future time instance.
[0291] In this away, the terminal device 110 may provide useful information on the potential beam quality to avoid the wrong configuration which may causing beam failure to the network device 120.
[0292] Reference is now made to FIG. 12B. As illustrated in FIG. 12B, the terminal device 110 provides the predicted failure information in the report of UE-side prediction results. Specifically, the network device 120 may configure set B measurement to the terminal device 110 and t the terminal device 110 may perform the beam prediction. Then, the terminal device 110 reports prediction results (i.e., the first message) to the network device, which includes predicted beam information, time information, and the predicted failure tag of one or many of predicted beams at one or many time instances. Based on the first message, the network device may send beam indication for future time instances.
[0293] In some embodiments, in one report instance, the terminal device 110 needs to report the prediction based on AI / ML model output, where the report may include both beam information (i.e., predicted beam failure information) and the time duration information.
[0294] In some embodiments, the beam information may be in the form of: TCI state ID (s) , RS ID (s) , beam ID (s) , and others. The beam information may also include predicted beam quality information (e.g., RSRP, SINR and so on) and / or predicted beam failure information. In some embodiments, the information can be 1-bit indicator (F-tag as illustrated in FIG. 13, illustrates an example of configuration information 1300) .
[0295] In some embodiments, the beam information may be a predicated failure probability or likelihood or confidence, e.g., within range 0 and 1.
[0296] In some embodiments, the beam information may be per beam or per future time instance, or only for the beam with highest predicted failure probability, or for beams with predicted failure probability higher than a threshold.
[0297] In some embodiments, whether and how to report predicted failure information may be based on network configuration.
[0298] In some embodiments, whether and how to report predicted failure information may be based on the predicated failure probability or confidence, e.g., only report when a certain probability or confidence threshold is satisfied.
[0299] In some embodiments, whether UE can predict the failure information can be based on UE capability, and / or AI / ML model description.
[0300] In some embodiments, the beam information may be unified for all channels / signals, or dedicated for a certain channel / signal.
[0301] In some embodiments, the time duration information may be in the form of one or many of the following:
[0302] Starting time point: beam #1 is the top-1 predicted beam from time point #1, beam #2 is the top-1 predicted beam from time point #2, and so on; In addition, UE may report top-K predicted beams instead of only 1; (as illustrated in FIG. 14A, which illustrates example of configuration information 1400A) ;
[0303] Lasting time duration: beam #1 is the top-1 predicted beam during time duration #1, beam #1 is the top-1 predicted beam during time duration #2, and so on; It may imply that time duration #1 and #2 are adjacent. In addition, the starting time point of beam #1 needs to be signaled or defined; (as illustrated in FIG. 14B, which illustrates example of configuration information 1400B) ;
[0304] Ending time point: beam #1 is the top-1 predicted beam till time point #1, beam #1 is the top-1 predicted beam till time point #2, and so on. In addition, the starting time point of beam #1 needs to be signaled or defined.
[0305] In some embodiments, the reported future beams may also be used in discontinuous time durations, that is for each reported future beam, the starting point and the lasting time, or the starting point and ending point needs to be signaled, as illustrated in FIG. 14C, which illustrates example of configuration information 1400C) .
[0306] In some embodiments, the time information may be indicated for each reported future beam explicitly. Alternatively, the time information can be signaled or defined for all beams.
[0307] As illustrated in FIG. 12C, the terminal device 110 may provide the predicted failure information feedback information of the beam indication.
[0308] The network device 120 may configure set B measurement to the UE and the UE may perform the beam prediction. Then, the UE reports prediction results to the network device. Based on the first message, the network device may send beam indication for future time instances. Next, the UE feedback predicted beam failure for one or many of those indicated beam in future time instances, i.e., the first message. In the following, the network device updates beam indication for future time instances.
[0309] In some embodiments, the beam indication for future time instances includes a list of beam information and time duration information. In some embodiments, the beam information may be in the form of: TCI state ID (s) , RS ID (s) , beam ID (s) , and so on.
[0310] In some embodiments, the beam information may also include predicted beam quality information (e.g., RSRP, SINR and so on) and / or predicted beam failure information, if the beam prediction is performed at the network side.
[0311] In some embodiments, the beam information may be unified for all channels / signals, or dedicated for a certain channel / signal.
[0312] In some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point (also referred to as first switching time point) corresponding to the at least one future duration. Reference is now made to FIG. 14A, which illustrates an example of configuration information 1400A. In FIG. 14A, the terminal device 110 is configured to start / switch to measure the first beam #1 at the time point #1, start / switch to measure the second beam #2 at the time point #1 and so on.
[0313] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one ending time point (also referred to as second switching time point) corresponding to the at least one future duration. It may imply applying the first beam #1 before time point #1, applying the second beam #2 between time point #1 and time point #2 and so on. Additionally, in some embodiments, the starting time point of applying the first beam #1 needs to be signaled or defined.
[0314] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration (also referred to as at least one lasting time duration, or at least one beam dwelling time) . Reference is now made to FIG. 14B, which illustrates an example of configuration information 1400B. In FIG. 14B, the terminal device 110 is configured to apply the first beam #1 during the time duration #1, apply the second beam #2 during the time duration #2, and so on. In some embodiments, it may imply that time duration #1 and #2 are adjacent. Additionally, in some embodiments, the starting / ending time point of applying the first beam #1 needs to be signaled or defined.
[0315] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point and at least one ending time point. In this way, the indicated future beams may be used in a discontinuous way.
[0316] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time duration information may be at least one starting time point and at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration. Reference is now made to FIG. 14C, which illustrates an example of configuration information 1400C.
[0317] In addition to indicating each future beam explicitly, the time duration information also may be signaled or defined for all beam (s) , for example, the same time interval T and a starting time point t0..
[0318] In some embodiments, the beam indication for future time instances can be configured via RRC, activated / indicated via MAC CE, DCI or their combination.
[0319] In some embodiments, the feedback (i.e., the first message) may be carried in a confirmation information of the reception of the beam indication.
[0320] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure tag can be 1-bit indicator per indicated beam, or per time instance, e.g., in a form of a bitmap with N-bit length.
[0321] Alternatively, the predicted beam failure information may be an indicator with a bit length ceil (log2 (N) ) , where N is the number of indicated future beams, or the number of indicated future time instance.
[0322] Alternatively, the predicted beam failure information may also be a predicated failure probability or likelihood or confidence, e.g., within range 0 and 1.
[0323] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information may be per beam or per future time instance, or only for the beam with highest predicted failure probability, or for beams with predicted failure probability higher than a threshold.
[0324] In some embodiments, whether and how to report predicted failure information may be based on network configuration.
[0325] In some embodiments, whether and how to report predicted failure information may be based on the predicated failure probability or confidence, e.g., only report when a certain probability or confidence threshold is satisfied.
[0326] In some embodiments, whether UE can predict the failure information can be based on UE capability, and / or AI / ML model description.
[0327] In some embodiments, the UE could recommend the suitable beam to replace the predicted-to-be-failed beam.
[0328] In some embodiments, the update information carries updated beam information, in addition, a selection information to select which future beam needs to be updated, or the beam corresponds which time information needs to be updated.
[0329] In some embodiments, if UE provides feedback on the beam indication including the predicted failure tag, UE may additionally postpone the application timing of the beam indication to: 1) The reception time of the indication + Tf, where Tf is a waiting time window for the network to update the beam indication; or, the time UE sends feedback on the reception of the indication + Tf, as illustrated in FIG. 15, which illustrates a timing 1500 of temporal beam prediction.
[0330] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may postpose the application of the beam associated with a predicted failure, or the beam associated with a predicted failure as indicated in the first message.
[0331] In some embodiments, if the beam indication is provided for future time instance, UE expects the DCI does not carry TCI information for a time duration, or UE ignores the TCI carried in the DCI received in the time duration, as illustrated in FIG. 16, which illustrates a timing 1600 of temporal beam prediction.
[0332] In some embodiments, if the beam indication for future time instance is provided (i.e., the network device 120 configures beams used in the future time instances to the terminal device 110) , and network device 120 may further provide enabling configuration / indication. As a result, in some embodiments, based on the configuration / indication, the terminal device 110 may expect not to receive further configuration information indicating at least one further first beam set within the at least one first future duration. Alternatively, or in addition, based on the configuration / indication, the terminal device 110 may ignore at least one further first beam set comprised in further configuration information within the at least one first future duration.
[0333] In some embodiments, a first in first out method may be used for updating of the beam indication. In this way, the update information only needs to provide beam information, as illustrated in FIG. 17, which illustrates a timing 1700 of temporal beam prediction.
[0334] In some embodiments, the update information only relates to the information of beam (s) (and future duration information; if the future duration is determined to be a default configuration, the future duration information may be omitted in the update information) . In addition, the number of beams also may be flexible configured. In some embodiments, the number of beams indicated by the update information is lesser than the number of beams indicated by the beam indication. In this way, the signaling overhead is reduced.
[0335] In some embodiments, the update information carries updated beam information and a selection information to select which future beam needs to be updated, or the beam corresponds which time information needs to be updated, as illustrated in FIG. 18, which illustrates a timing 1800 of temporal beam prediction.
[0336] In other word, the network device 120 may maintain / update the latest beam indication information via a first in first out (FIFO) manner. In this event, in some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit the beam indication to the terminal device 110 periodically. Alternatively, in some embodiments, upon receiving the beam feedback information (i.e., the first message) from the terminal device 110, the network device 120 may transmit the beam indication according to the maintained FIFO beam information. In this way, the logic for generating the beam information at the network device 120 may be simplified.
[0337] In some embodiments, the beam indication update is performed by UE autonomously by dropping the beam with predicted failure, or replacing it with a recommended beam or a default beam, once the predicted failure information is reported.
[0338] In some embodiments, the default beam can be the indicated future beam for the last time instance, or the indicated future beam for the next time instance.
[0339] In this way, as the network device 120 only need to update the beam which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure, the signalling overhead may be reduced.
[0340] Example Methods
[0341] FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1900 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1900 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0342] At block 1910, the terminal device 110 determines at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration. An RS set of the at least one RS set comprises one or more RSs for measurements. The at least one RS set is associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) .
[0343] At block 1920, the terminal device 110 performs RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration.
[0344] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 receives, from a network device 120, configuration information indicating: the at least one RS set, and the at least one future duration corresponding to the at least one RS set. Moreover, the terminal device 110 performs the RS measurements based on the configuration information.
[0345] In some example embodiments, the at least one future duration is indicated by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration, a starting time point corresponding to the first of the at least one future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one future duration.
[0346] In some example embodiments, an RS in the at least one RS set is indicated by one of the following: an identity of the RS, an identity of a beam associated with the RS, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the RS, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the RS.
[0347] In some example embodiments, the configuration information further indicates at least one of the following: predicted quality information about the at least one RS set, or predicted failure information about the at least one RS set.
[0348] In some example embodiments, in case that an RS is associated with predicted failure information, the terminal device 110 excludes the RS from the at least one RS set.
[0349] In some example embodiments, the at least one RS set comprises a first RS set corresponding to a first duration and a second RS set corresponding to a second duration which follows the first duration. The second RS set is at least partially different from the first RS set. Moreover, the terminal device 110 measures both the first and second RS sets during a third duration before an ending of the first duration.
[0350] In some example embodiments, the third duration is defined as a default value, or determined by network device 120 or the terminal device 110.
[0351] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 informs a beam failure to a higher layer of the terminal device 110 with a periodicity determined based on at least one of the following: periodicities of RSs comprised in the at least one RS set, a pre-defined time length, a time length associated with a model, a scaling factor configured for a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, or a DRX cycle length.
[0352] In some example embodiments, the model is used for predicting beams and the time length is associated with a prediction capability of the model.
[0353] In some example embodiments, a first value of the time length associated with the DRX mode is different from a second value of the time length associated with a non-DRX mode.
[0354] In some example embodiments, the periodicity is determined to be the maximum value among at least one of the following: the minimum of the periodicities of RSs, the pre-defined time length, or the time length associated with the model.
[0355] In some example embodiments, if the terminal device 110 is in the DRX mode, the periodicity is determined to be the maximum value among at least one of the following: the minimum of scaled periodicities of RSs, a scaled time length associated with the model, or a scaled DRX cycle length.
[0356] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 performs at least one of the following: resetting a beam failure counter at a first time point in accordance with a determination that a target beam is to be applied at a second time point, wherein the first time point is earlier than the second time point; resetting a beam failure counter at a third time point in accordance with a determination that a different RS or RS set is to be measured at a fourth time point, wherein the third time point is earlier than the fourth time point; resetting a beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring an RS set or a start of measuring a different RS set; or resetting a beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring the at least one RS set.
[0357] In some example embodiments, a fourth duration between the first time point and the second time point is defined as a default value, or determined by network device 120 or the terminal device 110. A fifth duration between the third time point and the fourth time point is defined as a default value, or determined by network device 120 or the terminal device 110.
[0358] In some example embodiments, the at least one RS set comprises a first RS set corresponding to a first duration and a second RS set corresponding to a second duration which follows the first duration. Moreover, the terminal device 110 starts a beam failure counter at a start point of the first duration. In accordance with a determination that the first RS set is at least partially overlapped with the second RS set, the terminal device 110 continues the beam failure counter without resetting in the second duration.
[0359] In some example embodiments, a maximum value of a beam failure counter is associated with at least one of the following: the number of future durations of the at least one future duration, or the number of RSs comprised in an RS set.
[0360] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 stops performing a BFD procedure in case that at least one beam to be used in the at least one future duration is predicted by either the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
[0361] FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2000 implemented at a network device 120 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2000 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0362] At block 2010, the network device 120 generates, configuration information indicating at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration. An RS set of the at least one RS set comprises one or more RSs for measurements. The at least one RS set is associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) .
[0363] At block 2020, the network device 120 transmits the configuration information to a terminal device 110.
[0364] In some example embodiments, the configuration information indicates the at least one future duration by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration, a starting time point corresponding to the first of the at least one future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one future duration.
[0365] In some example embodiments, the configuration information indicates an RS in the at least one RS set by one of the following: an identity of the RS, an identity of a beam associated with the RS, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the RS, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the RS.
[0366] In some example embodiments, the configuration information further indicates at least one of the following: predicted quality information about the at least one RS set, or predicted failure information about the at least one RS set.
[0367] In some example embodiments, in case that an RS is associated with predicted failure information, the network device 120 excludes the RS from the at least one RS set.
[0368] FIG. 21 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2100 implemented at a terminal device 110 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2100 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0369] At block 2110, the terminal device 110 determines, at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device 110 and a network device 120 in at least one first future duration.
[0370] At block 2120, the terminal device 110 transmits, to the network device 120, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0371] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 receives, from the network device 120, configuration information indicating: the at least one first beam set, and the at least one first future duration.
[0372] In some example embodiments, after transmitting the first message, the terminal device 110 postpones application timing of the at least one second future duration or application timing of the configuration information.
[0373] In some example embodiments, upon a receipt of the configuration information, the terminal device 110 performs at least one of the following: expecting not to receive further configuration information indicating at least one further first beam set within the at least one first future duration, or ignoring at least one further first beam set comprised in further configuration information within the at least one first future duration.
[0374] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 determines the at least one first beam set based on an output of a model used for predicting beams and deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0375] In some example embodiments, the first message indicates at least one of the following: the at least one second beam set and the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set, and the at least one third future duration.
[0376] In some example embodiments, the at least one second future duration or the at least one third future duration is indicated by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, a starting time point of corresponding to the first of the at least one respective future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one respective future duration.
[0377] In some example embodiments, a beam in the at least one second beam set or the recommended beam set is indicated by one of the following: a beam identity, an identity of the RS associated with the beam, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the beam, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the beam.
[0378] In some example embodiments, the predicted beam failure information indicating at least one of the following: at least one first indication, each first indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to a beam set or a future duration, a plurality of second indication, each second indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to an RS.
[0379] In some example embodiments, the predicted beam failure information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating whether there is a predicted beam failure, a predicted probability of beam failure, or predicted quality information.
[0380] In some example embodiments, the second beam set comprises at least one of the following: a beam with the highest failure probability, or at least one beam with a failure probability higher than or equal to a threshold probability.
[0381] In some example embodiments, the threshold probability is defined as a default value, or determined by network device 120 or the terminal device 110.
[0382] In some example embodiments, after transmitting the first message, the terminal device 110 receives a second message from the network device 120. The second message indicates at least one of the following: a beam indication indicating at least one beam to be used in future durations, at least one fourth beam set used to update the at least one second beam set, confirmation information on the at least one recommended beam set, or at least one fifth beam set used to update at least one rejected recommended beam set.
[0383] FIG. 22 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2200 implemented at a network device 120 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2200 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0384] At block 2210, the network device 120 receives, from a terminal device 110, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0385] In some example embodiments, prior to receiving the first message, the network device 120 receives, from the network device 120, configuration information indicating: at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device 110 and a network device 120, and at least one first future duration corresponding to the at least one first beam set.
[0386] In some example embodiments, after receiving the first message, the network device 120 postpones application timing of the at least one second future duration or application timing of the configuration information.
[0387] In some example embodiments, the first message indicates at least one of the following: the at least one second beam set and the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set, and the at least one third future duration.
[0388] In some example embodiments, the at least one second future duration or the at least one third future duration is indicated by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, a starting time point of corresponding to the first of the at least one respective future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one respective future duration.
[0389] In some example embodiments, a beam in the at least one second beam set or the recommended beam set is indicated by one of the following: a beam identity, an identity of the RS associated with the beam, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the beam, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the beam.
[0390] In some example embodiments, the predicted beam failure information indicating at least one of the following: at least one first indication, each first indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to a beam set or a future duration, a plurality of second indication, each second indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to an RS.
[0391] In some example embodiments, the predicted beam failure information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating whether there is a predicted beam failure, a predicted probability of beam failure, or predicted quality information.
[0392] In some example embodiments, the second beam set comprises at least one of the following: a beam with the highest failure probability, or at least one beam with a failure probability higher than or equal to a threshold probability.
[0393] In some example embodiments, the threshold probability is defined as a default value, or determined by network device 120 or the terminal device 110.
[0394] In some example embodiments, after receiving the first message, the network device 120 transmits a second message to the terminal device 110. The second message indicates at least one of the following: a beam indication indicating at least one beam to be used in future durations, at least one fourth beam set used to update the at least one second beam set, confirmation information on the at least one recommended beam set, or at least one fifth beam set used to update at least one rejected recommended beam set.
[0395] Example Devices and Apparatuses
[0396] FIG. 23 is a simplified block diagram of a device 2300 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 2300 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 2300 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
[0397] As shown, the device 2300 includes a processor 2310, a memory 2320 coupled to the processor 2310, a suitable transceiver 2340 coupled to the processor 2310, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 2340. The memory 2320 stores at least a part of a program 2330. The transceiver 2340 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 2340 may include at least one of a transmitter 2342 and a receiver 2344. The transmitter 2342 and the receiver 2344 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 2340 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0398] The program 2330 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 2310, enable the device 2300 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 23. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 2310 of the device 2300, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 2310 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 2310 and memory 2320 may form processing means 2350 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0399] The memory 2320 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 2320 is shown in the device 2300, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 2300. The processor 2310 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 2300 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0400] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine, at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and perform RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0401] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: generate, configuration information indicating at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and transmit the configuration information to a terminal device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0402] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine, at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device and a network device in at least one first future duration; and transmit, to the network device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0403] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a terminal device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0404] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0405] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal apparatus is provided. The terminal apparatus comprises means for determining, at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and means for performing RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1900. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0406] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network apparatus is provided. The network apparatus comprises means for generating, configuration information indicating at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and means for transmitting the configuration information to a terminal device. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2000. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 2000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0407] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal apparatus is provided. The terminal apparatus comprises means for determining, at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device and a network device in at least one first future duration; and means for transmitting, to the network device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2100. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 2100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0408] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network apparatus is provided. The network apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a terminal device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2200. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 2200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0409] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0410] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine, at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and perform RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration.
[0411] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, configuration information indicating: the at least one RS set, and the at least one future duration corresponding to the at least one RS set; and perform the RS measurements based on the configuration information.
[0412] In some embodiments, the at least one future duration is indicated by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration, a starting time point corresponding to the first of the at least one future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one future duration.
[0413] In some embodiments, an RS in the at least one RS set is indicated by one of the following: an identity of the RS, an identity of a beam associated with the RS, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the RS, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the RS.
[0414] In some embodiments, the configuration information further indicates at least one of the following: predicted quality information about the at least one RS set, or predicted failure information about the at least one RS set.
[0415] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: in case that an RS is associated with predicted failure information, exclude the RS from the at least one RS set.
[0416] In some embodiments, the at least one RS set comprises a first RS set corresponding to a first duration and a second RS set corresponding to a second duration which follows the first duration, the second RS set being at least partially different from the first RS set, and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: measure both the first and second RS sets during a third duration before an ending of the first duration.
[0417] In some embodiments, the third duration is defined as a default value, or determined by network device or the terminal device.
[0418] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: inform a beam failure to a higher layer of the terminal device with a periodicity determined based on at least one of the following: periodicities of RSs comprised in the at least one RS set, a pre-defined time length, a time length associated with a model, a scaling factor configured for a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, or a DRX cycle length.
[0419] In some embodiments, the model is used for predicting beams and the time length is associated with a prediction capability of the model.
[0420] In some embodiments, a first value of the time length associated with the DRX mode is different from a second value of the time length associated with a non-DRX mode.
[0421] In some embodiments, the periodicity is determined to be the maximum value among at least one of the following: the minimum of the periodicities of RSs, the pre-defined time length, or the time length associated with the model.
[0422] In some embodiments, if the terminal device is in the DRX mode, the periodicity is determined to be the maximum value among at least one of the following: the minimum of scaled periodicities of RSs, a scaled time length associated with the model, or a scaled DRX cycle length.
[0423] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to perform at least one of the following: resetting a beam failure counter at a first time point in accordance with a determination that a target beam is to be applied at a second time point, wherein the first time point is earlier than the second time point; resetting a beam failure counter at a third time point in accordance with a determination that a different RS or RS set is to be measured at a fourth time point, wherein the third time point is earlier than the fourth time point; resetting a beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring an RS set or a start of measuring a different RS set; or resetting a beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring the at least one RS set.
[0424] In some embodiments, a fourth duration between the first time point and the second time point is defined as a default value, or determined by network device or the terminal device, and wherein a fifth duration between the third time point and the fourth time point is defined as a default value, or determined by network device or the terminal device.
[0425] In some embodiments, the at least one RS set comprises a first RS set corresponding to a first duration and a second RS set corresponding to a second duration which follows the first duration, and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: start a beam failure counter at a start point of the first duration; and in accordance with a determination that the first RS set is at least partially overlapped with the second RS set, continue the beam failure counter without resetting in the second duration.
[0426] In some embodiments, a maximum value of a beam failure counter is associated with at least one of the following: the number of future durations of the at least one future duration, or the number of RSs comprised in an RS set.
[0427] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: stop performing a BFD procedure in case that at least one beam to be used in the at least one future duration is predicted by either the terminal device or the network device.
[0428] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: generate, configuration information indicating at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following: beam failure detection (BFD) , candidate beam measurement, or radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and transmit the configuration information to a terminal device.
[0429] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicates the at least one future duration by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration, a starting time point corresponding to the first of the at least one future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one future duration.
[0430] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicates an RS in the at least one RS set by one of the following: an identity of the RS, an identity of a beam associated with the RS, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the RS, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the RS.
[0431] In some embodiments, the configuration information further indicates at least one of the following: predicted quality information about the at least one RS set, or predicted failure information about the at least one RS set.
[0432] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: in case that an RS is associated with predicted failure information, exclude the RS from the at least one RS set.
[0433] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine, at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device and a network device in at least one first future duration; and transmit, to the network device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0434] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from the network device, configuration information indicating: the at least one first beam set, and the at least one first future duration.
[0435] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: after transmitting the first message, postpone application timing of the at least one second future duration or application timing of the configuration information.
[0436] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: upon a receipt of the configuration information, perform at least one of the following: expecting not to receive further configuration information indicating at least one further first beam set within the at least one first future duration, or ignoring at least one further first beam set comprised in further configuration information within the at least one first future duration.
[0437] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: determine the at least one first beam set based on an output of a model used for predicting beams and deployed at the terminal device.
[0438] In some embodiments, the first message indicates at least one of the following: the at least one second beam set and the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set, and the at least one third future duration.
[0439] In some embodiments, the at least one second future duration or the at least one third future duration is indicated by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, a starting time point of corresponding to the first of the at least one respective future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one respective future duration.
[0440] In some embodiments, a beam in the at least one second beam set or the recommended beam set is indicated by one of the following: a beam identity, an identity of the RS associated with the beam, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the beam, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the beam.
[0441] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information indicating at least one of the following: at least one first indication, each first indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to a beam set or a future duration, a plurality of second indication, each second indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to an RS.
[0442] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating whether there is a predicted beam failure, a predicted probability of beam failure, or predicted quality information.
[0443] In some embodiments, the second beam set comprises at least one of the following: a beam with the highest failure probability, or at least one beam with a failure probability higher than or equal to a threshold probability.
[0444] In some embodiments, the threshold probability is defined as a default value, or determined by network device or the terminal device.
[0445] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: after transmitting the first message, receive a second message from the network device, the second message indicating at least one of the following: a beam indication indicating at least one beam to be used in future durations, at least one fourth beam set used to update the at least one second beam set, confirmation information on the at least one recommended beam set, or at least one fifth beam set used to update at least one rejected recommended beam set.
[0446] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a terminal device, a first message indicating at least one of the following: predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
[0447] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: prior to receiving the first message, receive, from the network device, configuration information indicating: at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device and a network device, and at least one first future duration corresponding to the at least one first beam set.
[0448] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: after receiving the first message, postpone application timing of the at least one second future duration or application timing of the configuration information.
[0449] In some embodiments, the first message indicates at least one of the following: the at least one second beam set and the at least one second future duration, or at least one recommended beam set, and the at least one third future duration.
[0450] In some embodiments, the at least one second future duration or the at least one third future duration is indicated by one of the following: at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, at least one time length corresponding to the at least one respective future duration, a starting time point of corresponding to the first of the at least one respective future duration, or a common time length corresponding to each of the at least one respective future duration.
[0451] In some embodiments, a beam in the at least one second beam set or the recommended beam set is indicated by one of the following: a beam identity, an identity of the RS associated with the beam, a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) associated with the beam, or quasi co-location (QCL) information associated with the beam.
[0452] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information indicating at least one of the following: at least one first indication, each first indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to a beam set or a future duration, a plurality of second indication, each second indication indicating beam failure information corresponding to an RS.
[0453] In some embodiments, the predicted beam failure information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating whether there is a predicted beam failure, a predicted probability of beam failure, or predicted quality information.
[0454] In some embodiments, the second beam set comprises at least one of the following: a beam with the highest failure probability, or at least one beam with a failure probability higher than or equal to a threshold probability.
[0455] In some embodiments, the threshold probability is defined as a default value, or determined by network device or the terminal device.
[0456] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: after receiving the first message, transmit a second message to the terminal device, the second message indicating at least one of the following: a beam indication indicating at least one beam to be used in future durations, at least one fourth beam set used to update the at least one second beam set, confirmation information on the at least one recommended beam set, or at least one fifth beam set used to update at least one rejected recommended beam set.
[0457] In an aspect, a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0458] In an aspect, a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0459] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0460] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0461] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0462] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0463] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0464] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 23. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0465] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0466] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0467] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0468] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine, at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurement, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following:beam failure detection (BFD) ,candidate beam measurement, orradio link monitoring (RLM) ; andperform RS measurements on the at least one RS set in the at least one respective future duration.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, configuration information indicating:the at least one RS set, andthe at least one future duration corresponding to the at least one RS set; andperform the RS measurements based on the configuration information.3.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the at least one future duration is indicated by one of the following:at least one starting time point corresponding to the at least one future duration,at least one ending time point corresponding to the at least one future duration,at least one time length corresponding to the at least one future duration,a starting time point corresponding to the first of the at least one future duration, ora common time length corresponding to each of the at least one future duration.4.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the configuration information further indicates at least one of the following:predicted quality information about the at least one RS set, orpredicted failure information about the at least one RS set.5.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:in case that an RS is associated with predicted failure information, exclude the RS from the at least one RS set.6.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the at least one RS set comprises a first RS set corresponding to a first duration and a second RS set corresponding to a second duration which follows the first duration, the second RS set being at least partially different from the first RS set,and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:measure both the first and second RS sets during a third duration before an ending of the first duration.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:inform a beam failure to a higher layer of the terminal device with a periodicity determined based on at least one of the following:periodicities of RSs comprised in the at least one RS set,a pre-defined time length,a time length associated with a model,a scaling factor configured for a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, ora DRX cycle length.8.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein a first value of the time length associated with the DRX mode is different from a second value of the time length associated with a non-DRX mode.9.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the periodicity is determined to be the maximum value among at least one of the following:the minimum of the periodicities of RSs,the pre-defined time length, orthe time length associated with the model.10.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to perform at least one of the following:resetting a beam failure counter at a first time point in accordance with a determination that a target beam is to be applied at a second time point, wherein the first time point is earlier than the second time point;resetting a beam failure counter at a third time point in accordance with a determination that a different RS or RS set is to be measured at a fourth time point, wherein the third time point is earlier than the fourth time point;resetting a beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring an RS set or a start of measuring a different RS set; orresetting a beam failure counter upon a completion of measuring the at least one RS set.11.A network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:generate, configuration information indicating at least one reference signal (RS) set corresponding to at least one future duration, an RS set of the at least one RS set comprising one or more RSs for measurements, the at least one RS set being associated with at least one of the following:beam failure detection (BFD) ,candidate beam measurement, orradio link monitoring (RLM) ; andtransmit the configuration information to a terminal device.12.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine, at least one first beam set to be used for communications between the terminal device and a network device in at least one first future duration; andtransmit, to the network device, a first message indicating at least one of the following:predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, wherein the at least one second beam set is the same as or a part of the at least one first beam set, orat least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.13.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from the network device, configuration information indicating:the at least one first beam set, andthe at least one first future duration.14.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:after transmitting the first message, postpone application timing of the at least one second future duration or application timing of the configuration information.15.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:upon a receipt of the configuration information, perform at least one of the following:expecting not to receive further configuration information indicating at least one further first beam set within the at least one first future duration, orignoring at least one further first beam set comprised in further configuration information within the at least one first future duration.16.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the first message indicates at least one of the following:the at least one second beam set and the at least one second future duration, orat least one recommended beam set, and the at least one third future duration.17.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the predicted beam failure information comprises at least one of the following:an indication indicating whether there is a predicted beam failure,a predicted probability of beam failure, orpredicted quality information.18.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the second beam set comprises at least one of the following:a beam with the highest failure probability, orat least one beam with a failure probability higher than or equal to a threshold probability.19.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:after transmitting the first message, receive a second message from the network device, the second message indicating at least one of the following:a beam indication indicating at least one beam to be used in future durations, at least one fourth beam set used to update the at least one second beam set, confirmation information on the at least one recommended beam set, orat least one fifth beam set used to update at least one rejected recommended beam set.20.A network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:receive, from a terminal device, a first message indicating at least one of the following:predicted beam failure information of at least one second beam set corresponding to the at least one second future duration, orat least one recommended beam set corresponding to at least one third future duration, each recommended beam set corresponding to a beam set beam set which is predicted to be associated with a beam failure.
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