Signal transmission method and apparatus, communication device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present application pertains to the technical field of communications, and discloses a signal transmission method and apparatus, a communication device, and a storage medium. The signal transmission method in the embodiments of the present application comprises: on the basis of a target transmission power level, a transponder device transmits a first signal, the first signal being a signal modulated, generated, and backscattered on the basis of a second signal sent by a read-write device. When a current link of the transponder device is a non-amplified link, the transponder device is in a signal-non-amplified state, and the target transmission power level is a first transmission power level; and when the current link is an amplified link, the transponder device is in a signal-amplified state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level.

Description

Signal transmission method, device, communication equipment and storage medium

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on August 14, 2023, with application number 202311023539.4 and invention name “Signal Transmission Method, Device, Communication Equipment and Storage Medium”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to a signal transmission method, apparatus, communication equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0003] In the Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) system, a transponder device, such as a tag, can receive control signals or carrier signals from a read / write device, such as a reader, and modulate the data to be transmitted onto the carrier signal and send it out according to the instructions.

[0004] If a transponder is configured with both an amplified and unamplified link, switching to the uplink amplified link effectively improves uplink coverage. Switching to the downlink amplified link not only improves uplink coverage but also enhances downlink receive sensitivity. Switching to the unamplified link helps conserve energy. Therefore, defining different power levels for the transponder in the amplified and unamplified states, based on transmission over both amplified and unamplified links, to achieve optimal transmission of backscattered signals, thereby enhancing uplink coverage or achieving device energy conservation, is a pressing technical challenge for those skilled in the art.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] Embodiments of the present application provide a signal transmission method, apparatus, communication equipment, and storage medium to enhance uplink coverage or achieve device energy saving.

[0007] In a first aspect, a signal transmission method is provided, comprising:

[0008] The transponder transmits a first signal based on the target transmit power level;

[0009] Wherein, the first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device;

[0010] When the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is a first transmit power level;

[0011] In the case that the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

[0012] In a second aspect, a signal transmission method is provided, comprising:

[0013] The reader / writer device receives a first signal transmitted based on a target transmission power level from the answering device;

[0014] Wherein, the first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device;

[0015] In a case where the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is a first transmit power level;

[0016] In the case that the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

[0017] In a third aspect, a signal transmission device is provided, comprising:

[0018] a transmission module, configured to transmit a first signal based on a target transmit power level;

[0019] Wherein, the first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device;

[0020] When the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is a first transmit power level;

[0021] In the case that the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, a signal transmission device is provided, comprising:

[0023] a receiving module, configured to receive a first signal transmitted based on a target transmit power level from a response device;

[0024] Wherein, the first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device;

[0025] In a case where the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is a first transmit power level;

[0026] In the case that the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

[0027] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implements the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0028] In the sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0029] In the seventh aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0030] In an eighth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, comprising: a response device and a read-write device, wherein the response device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the read-write device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0031] In the ninth aspect, a chip is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0032] In the tenth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present application, the transponder transmits a first signal based on a target transmit power level. The first signal is a modulated and backscattered signal generated by a second signal sent by a reader / writer. The amplified link of the transponder corresponds to the second transmit power level. The unamplified link corresponds to the first transmit power level. This allows the transponder to use different transmit power levels for signal transmission when in an unamplified or amplified state, thereby enhancing uplink coverage or achieving device energy conservation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to embodiments of the present application;

[0035] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication process in the related art;

[0036] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a backscatter communication system in the related art;

[0037] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the modulation principle of backscatter communication in the related art;

[0038] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a first network architecture for environmental IoT communication in the related art;

[0039] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a second network architecture for environmental IoT communication in the related art;

[0040] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a third network architecture for environmental IoT communication in the related art;

[0041] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a fourth network architecture for environmental IoT communication in the related art;

[0042] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of information transmission between a reading / writing device and a response device in the related art;

[0043] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a terminal radio frequency link in the related art;

[0044] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission link of an AIoT device in the related art;

[0045] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the operating impedance of a reflection amplifier in the related art;

[0046] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a reflection amplifier in the related art;

[0047] FIG14 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission link configured with only an LNA in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission link configured with only a reflection amplifier in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG17 is a flowchart of another signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmission device corresponding to FIG14 in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmission device corresponding to FIG17 in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a network-side device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "or" in this application represents at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three options, such as Option 1: including A but not including B; Option 2: including B but not including A; Option 3: including both A and B. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0058] The term "indication" in this application can be either a direct indication (or explicit indication) or an indirect indication (or implicit indication). A direct indication can be understood as the sender explicitly informing the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc. in the instruction sent; an indirect indication can be understood as the receiver determining the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or making a judgment and determining the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc. based on the judgment result.

[0059] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the technology described can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and the NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as the 6th generation (6G) system. th Generation, 6G) communication system.

[0060] FIG1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Tablet Personal Computer), a laptop computer (Laptop Computer), a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR), a virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device (Wearable Device), an aircraft (Flight Vehicle), a vehicle-mounted device (VUE), a ship-mounted device, a pedestrian user equipment (PUE), a smart home (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), a game console, a personal computer (PC), an ATM, or a self-service machine, or other terminal-side devices. Wearable devices include: smart watches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among them, the vehicle-mounted device can also be called a vehicle-mounted terminal, a vehicle-mounted controller, a vehicle-mounted module, a vehicle-mounted component, a vehicle-mounted chip or a vehicle-mounted unit, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. The network side device 12 may include an access network device or a core network device, wherein the access network device may also be called a radio access network (Radio Access Network, RAN) device, a radio access network function or a radio access network unit. The access network device may include a base station, a wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN) access point (Access Point, AS) or a wireless fidelity (Wireless Fidelity, WiFi) node, etc.Among them, the base station can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), the next generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), access point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B (homeevolved Node B), Transmission Reception Point (TRP) or other appropriate terms in the field. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to a specific technical vocabulary. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is used as an example for introduction, and the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0061] To facilitate understanding, the application scenarios of the embodiments of this application, as well as the related technologies and concepts involved, are first introduced.

[0062] 1. Application Scenarios of the Embodiments of the Present Application

[0063] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application can be applied to environmental IoT communication scenarios. For example, they can be applied to scenarios such as item inventory, logistics inventory, and fire warning. Furthermore, they can be applied to dedicated readers for radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, WiFi transmission scenarios, cellular network transmission scenarios, or next-generation mobile communication scenarios.

[0064] 2. About the Environmental Internet of Things System

[0065] In the environmental Internet of Things system, a response device, such as a tag, can receive control signals or carrier signals from a read / write device, such as a reader, and modulate the data to be transmitted onto the carrier signal and send it out according to the instructions. The response device can also be called an AIoT device.

[0066] Types of answering machines include the following:

[0067] One type is a passive transponder, such as a tag device belonging to the passive Internet of Things (IoT) device (Passive-IoT). This type of transponder does not have energy storage capacitors or batteries, but relies on radio frequency (RF) signals for power supply. The received RF signal, such as the power signal of a rectifier, does not have carrier generation capability, and has the lowest power consumption.

[0068] The other type is a semi-passive transponder. This type of transponder has an energy storage capacitor or battery and relies on non-RF signals for energy storage. Optionally, this type of transponder is equipped with a power amplifier (PA) or a low-noise amplifier (LNA) or other active device. Its downlink reception or uplink reflection has a certain amplification capability, but it does not have carrier generation capability and has a lower power consumption.

[0069] Another type is active transponder devices, such as active tags. This type of transponder device has the ability to actively transmit, is equipped with energy storage capacitors or batteries, relies on non-RF signals for power supply, and can send information to base stations or reader devices without relying on reflection of incident signals. It has carrier generation capability and consumes the most power.

[0070] Backscatter communication is widely used in environmental Internet of Things systems. In backscatter communication, the transponder device can also be called a backscatter communication device. If the backscatter communication device is a passive transponder device or a semi-passive transponder device, it can use the radio frequency signals in other devices or the environment to modulate the signal to transmit its own information. If the backscatter communication device is an active transponder device, it can either generate the carrier signal itself and modulate the information based on the carrier signal generated by itself, or it can use the radio frequency signals in other devices or the environment for modulation like a passive transponder device or a semi-passive transponder.

[0071] As shown in Figure 2, this is a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication process. This process includes two links. One link is the link from the read-write device to the answering device. The read-write device can send control signaling (command) / carrier signal to the answering device. The carrier signal can be a continuous wave (CW). The other link is the link from the answering device to the read-write device. The answering device can send backscatter signals to the read-write device.

[0072] The basic building blocks and main functions of a backscatter communication device are as follows:

[0073] Antenna unit: used to receive radio frequency signals, control signaling, and also used to send modulated backscattered signals;

[0074] Energy harvesting module or power supply module: used for backscatter communication equipment to harvest radio frequency energy or other energy sources, including but not limited to solar energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy, etc. In addition to the energy harvesting module, it may also include a battery power supply module. In this case, the backscatter communication equipment is a semi-passive transponder. The energy harvesting module or power supply module provides power to all other modules in the device.

[0075] Microcontroller: used to control baseband signal processing, energy storage or data scheduling status, switch switching, system synchronization, etc.;

[0076] Signal receiving module: used to demodulate control commands or data sent by the backscatter communication receiving end or other network nodes;

[0077] Channel coding and modulation module: used to perform channel coding and signal modulation under the control of the microcontroller, and to achieve modulation by selecting different load impedances through a selection switch under the control of the microcontroller;

[0078] Memory or sensor module: used to store device ID information, location information, sensor data, etc.

[0079] In addition to the above-mentioned basic building blocks, backscatter communication equipment may also integrate tunnel diode amplifier modules, low-noise amplifier modules, etc. to improve the receiving sensitivity and transmitting power of the backscatter communication equipment.

[0080] Figure 3 shows the structure of a backscatter communication system. The transmitter of the reader / writer sends a carrier signal through a power amplifier (PA). The transponder modulates the signal through an RF harvester, demodulator, logic circuit, clock circuit, and other components, outputting a backscattered signal. The receiver of the reader / writer receives the backscattered signal through a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and performs corresponding demodulation processing. TX BB represents the baseband processing module on the transmitter side of the reader / writer, and RX BB represents the baseband processing module on the receiver side of the reader / writer.

[0081] A simple implementation is that the answering device reflects the incident carrier signal when it needs to send a "1", and does not reflect it when it needs to send a "0".

[0082] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the backscatter communication modulation principle. The transponder controls the circuit's reflection coefficient Γ by adjusting its internal impedance, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, phase, etc. of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation. The signal reflection coefficient can be expressed as:

[0083] Among them, Z ais the antenna characteristic impedance, Z1 is the load impedance. Assume that the input RF signal is S in (t), then the modulated backscattered signal output is The reflection coefficient (Γ T =Γ0、Γ T = Г1, Г T =Г2、……、Г T =G n ), the channel coding and modulation module can realize the corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation or phase modulation. The controller can control the reflection coefficient according to the following relationship:

[0084] The symbol 0 corresponds to an impedance of 0;

[0085] Symbol 1 corresponds to impedance 1;

[0086] Symbol 2 corresponds to impedance 2;

[0087] …

[0088] The symbol n corresponds to impedance n.

[0089] 3. Network Architecture for Environmental IoT Communications

[0090] The network architecture of environmental IoT communication is shown in Figures 5 to 8.

[0091] Figure 5 shows: a network-side device, such as a base station, acts as a reader / writer, sending a carrier signal or control signaling to a transponder, such as a tag, and receiving a backscattered signal from the transponder;

[0092] Figure 6 shows: a network-side device, such as a base station, communicating with a terminal. The terminal, acting as a reader / writer, sends a carrier signal or control signaling to a transponder, such as a tag, and receives a backscattered signal from the transponder.

[0093] Figure 7 shows a network-side device, such as a base station, sending a carrier signal or control signaling to a transponder, such as a tag. The terminal receives the backscattered signal sent by the transponder and then reports the demodulated data to the network-side device.

[0094] Figure 8 shows: a network side device, such as a base station, communicates with a terminal. The network side device sends instruction information to the terminal. The terminal sends a carrier signal or control signaling to a response device, such as a tag device. The network side device receives the backscattered signal sent by the response device.

[0095] Figures 5 and 6 are a representation of a single-base architecture, and Figures 7 and 8 are a representation of a dual-base architecture.

[0096] The type of control signaling may include at least one of the following: selection, inventory, and access.

[0097] 4. About the traditional RFID transmission process

[0098] As shown in Figure 9, taking the ISO 18000-6C protocol as an example, in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID protocol, in inventory mode, the reader selects a transponder and sends a query command (Query). The transponder responds (Relay), such as generating a 16-bit random number to the reader. The reader then sends the random number sequence to the transponder via an ACK response command (ACK). The transponder then sends relevant data to the reader, such as the Protocol Control Word (PC) / Extended Protocol Control Word (XPC), the Electronic Product Code (EPC), and the Packet CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). If the EPC is valid, the reader can send a repeat query command (QueryRep) or other commands. If the EPC is invalid, the reader can send a negative acknowledgment (NAK). The process from the reader sending the query command to the reader receiving the relevant data sent by the transponder is a single transponder response process.

[0099] 5. About the signal amplification link of traditional terminals

[0100] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of a terminal RF link. As can be seen from Figure 10, the signal output by the transceiver is first amplified by the PA, then filtered by the filter, and then transmitted through the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the filter, then amplified by the LNA, and then input into the transceiver. The PA requires power supply. Due to implementation limitations, the PA cannot fully convert input power into output power. The PA efficiency can be defined as:

[0101] Among them, P out is the RF signal power output by PA, P in is the RF signal power input to the PA, P DC This is the DC power supply for the PA.

[0102] Table 1 shows a set of terminal PAE test results. It can be seen that when the PA output power is low, for example, below 15dBm, the PAE is less than 10%, which means that 90% of the power supplied to the PA is consumed:

[0103] Table 1

[0104] If G is used to represent the amplification gain, PAE can be further expressed as:

[0105] 6. About the signal amplification link of AIoT devices

[0106] Similar to traditional terminals, the signal amplification link of AIoT devices includes an uplink amplification link including PA and a downlink amplification link including LNA. The amplification efficiency of the amplification link is related to the incident power, output power, DC power supply, signal frequency, etc.

[0107] Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the signal transmission link of an AIoT device, where a single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is responsible for switching between the amplification link and the non-amplification link. When switching to the non-amplification link, signal transmission can be performed through an energy collection module, a wake-up circuit, a microcontroller, a channel coding and modulation module, and the like. When switching to the amplification link, signal transmission can be performed through an energy collection module, a wake-up circuit, a microcontroller, a channel coding and modulation module, and a transmission amplifier / reflection amplifier, and the like. Taking the switching of the uplink reflection amplifier as an example, the difference between the amplification link and the non-amplification link is that the amplification link can amplify the backscattered signal; the non-amplification link cannot amplify the backscattered signal through the reflection amplifier. The different thicknesses of the connecting lines in Figure 11 represent different signal transmission processes.

[0108] In other words, the amplification link of AIoT devices includes the following important components:

[0109] Transmit amplifiers, such as LNAs;

[0110] Reflective amplifiers, such as PAs, typically amplify signals using tunnel diodes or CMOS transistors. Tunnel diodes consume tens to hundreds of microwatts, are less stable than CMOS transistors, and are more expensive. CMOS transistors consume hundreds of microwatts and offer greater stability.

[0111] It's worth emphasizing that the amplification principle of the reflection amplifier differs from that of the signal amplification link in the traditional terminal described above. As shown in Figure 12, the backscattered signal can only be amplified when the reflection amplifier operates in the negative impedance region.

[0112] Next, the negative impedance amplification principle is demonstrated through mathematical expressions. Assuming that the load impedance of the AIoT device is Z L , the reflection coefficient expression can be updated as:

[0113] The above expression shows that if the load impedance is positive, the absolute value of the reflection coefficient is always less than or equal to 1. Therefore, the backscattered signal cannot be amplified by a traditional amplifier. If the load impedance can be negative, such as the real part of the impedance is negative, then: Z L =-R L +jX L , R L >0;

[0114] In the above formula, if circuit matching is considered, then X L = 0. Substituting the above formula into the reflection coefficient expression, we can further obtain the amplitude expression of the reflection coefficient:

[0115] (consider matching);

[0116] (matching is not considered);

[0117] It can be seen from the above formula that in this case, the amplitude of the reflection coefficient is always greater than 1, such that the backscattered signal is amplified.

[0118] 7. Impact of Reflection Amplifiers on Downlink Receiver Sensitivity

[0119] As shown in Figure 13, the reflection amplifier is composed of diodes, resistors, etc., and does not have signal input and output ports like traditional amplifiers. In addition, the backscattered signal must be generated by the RF signal in the environment. Therefore, if the amplification link is switched, the presence of the uplink reflection amplifier will affect the sensitivity of the downlink receive signal, which is specifically reflected in the impact on the noise figure NF of the RF circuit of the answering device.

[0120] The noise figure NF of the answering device and the impedance R of the reflection amplifier NR The relationship is shown as follows:

[0121] Among them, K a is a constant, assuming it is 1.2, f is the center frequency of the carrier signal, f r0 is the cutoff frequency, and r is the shunt resistor of the reflection amplifier.

[0122] R NR The value of R will change with the change of DC bias, which further determines the amplification factor of the reflection amplifier. NR The impact on NF is as follows:

[0123] When R NR When it is a negative number, (1-r / R NR )>1,(1-f / f r0 )<1, the NF value can vary from less than 1dB to tens of dB;

[0124] When R NR When it is a positive number, (1-r / R NR )<1,(1-f / f r0 )<1, the NF value will be greater than 1dB.

[0125] Therefore, R NR The optimal choice can achieve the best magnification and the smallest NF.

[0126] 8. Definition of Power Levels for Traditional Terminals

[0127] As telecommunications evolve towards the next generation and new use cases, 3GPP has added new terminal power classes. According to this definition, a terminal power class can be defined as the maximum transmit power over the NR channel bandwidth. 5G NR operates in both FR1 and FR2 frequency ranges, and 3GPP has defined terminal power classes for both.

[0128] 3GPP TS 38.101-1 specifies terminal power classes for FR1, and 3GPP TS 38.101-2 specifies terminal power classes for FR2.

[0129] In the FR1 frequency range, terminal power levels are specified using wired measurements.

[0130] For the FR2 frequency range, terminal power levels are specified using over-the-air (OTA) measurements.

[0131] The above introduces the application scenarios, related technologies and concepts of the embodiments of the present application. Now, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the signal transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present application is described in detail through some embodiments and their application scenarios.

[0132] FIG14 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method includes the following steps:

[0133] S1410: The answering device transmits a first signal based on the target transmission power level.

[0134] The first signal is a signal generated by modulation based on the second signal sent by the read / write device and backscattered.

[0135] The second signal is a carrier signal. The reader sends the second signal to the transponder. The transponder modulates the second signal to generate the first signal and transmits the first signal based on the target transmission power level. The transmission power intensity of the first signal meets the target transmission power level requirement.

[0136] When the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is a first transmit power level;

[0137] In the case where the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmit power level is a second transmit power level, which is different from the first transmit power level.

[0138] Applying the method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the answering device transmits a first signal based on a target transmission power level. The first signal is a signal modulated and backscattered based on a second signal sent by a read / write device. The amplified link of the answering device corresponds to the second transmission power level, and the non-amplified link corresponds to the first transmission power level. This enables the answering device to use different transmission power levels for signal transmission when it is in a non-amplified state or amplified state, which helps to enhance uplink coverage or achieve device energy saving.

[0139] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the read / write device can be a handheld or fixed device that reads or writes information related to the answering device, or a device that communicates with the answering device. Optionally, the read / write device can be a network-side device, such as a base station. The types of base stations include but are not limited to integrated access backhaul nodes (IAB stations), repeaters, and pole stations, wherein the repeaters can be network controlled repeaters. The read / write device can also be a terminal, other network access devices, or devices with read / write functions, such as a reader / writer.

[0140] Transponders can be RFID tags, including passive, semi-passive, and active transponders. Transponders can transmit signals by backscattering RF signals, while some active transponders have the ability to generate active signals. Transponders can also be terminals, wearable devices, and other devices. Transponders derive their energy from the environment, such as RF energy, thermal energy, wind energy, kinetic energy, and so on. These devices are referred to as AIoT devices.

[0141] Optionally, the answering device can determine the target transmission power level based on the current link and transmit the first signal based on the target transmission power level; it can also determine the target transmission power level based on the relevant indication information received from the read-write device and transmit the first signal based on the target transmission power level; it can also use the transmission power level indicated by the received read-write device as the target transmission power level and transmit the first signal.

[0142] Optionally, when the answering device switches from a non-amplified link to an amplified link, or from an amplified link to a non-amplified link, if the distance between the answering device and the reader / writer device is the same before and after the switching, and the downlink transmission power of the reader / writer device is the same, then the second transmission power level corresponding to the amplified link is greater than the first transmission power level corresponding to the non-amplified link.

[0143] In some embodiments of the present application, when the current link is an amplification link, the answering device has a second transmission power level, and the second transmission power level includes multiple transmission power sub-levels, each transmission power sub-level corresponds to a different amplification factor of the amplification link, and the greater the amplification factor of the amplification link, the higher the level of the transmission power sub-level.

[0144] The transmit power level or transmit power sub-level can correspond to a power range or a power reference value. The higher the transmit power level or transmit power sub-level, the higher the upper and lower boundary power values ​​in the corresponding power range, or the larger the corresponding power reference value.

[0145] For example, the transmit power class (PC) of the answering device is as follows:

[0146] The answering device is in a non-amplified link state, with a first transmit power level, such as PC A;

[0147] The answering device is in the amplifying link, in the signal amplifying state, and has the second transmission power level, such as PC M;

[0148] The amplification link may include an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the following situations may occur:

[0149] In the case of downlink amplification only and the second signal entering the downlink amplification link of the answering device, the received power of the second signal can be enhanced, further enhancing the power of the first signal. The answering device has a second transmission power level PC M = PC B;

[0150] In the case of uplink amplification only, the second transmit power level PC M = PC C of the answering device. According to different amplification factors of the uplink amplification link, the second transmit power level PC C includes multiple transmit power sub-levels, such as PC C1, PC C2, ..., PC CN. N represents the number of possible amplification factors of the uplink amplification link, which depends on the uplink amplification capability of the answering device.

[0151] In the case of uplink amplification + downlink amplification, the second transmit power level PC M = PC D of the answering device. According to different amplification factors of the amplification link, the second transmit power level PC D includes multiple transmit power sub-levels, such as PC D1, PC D2, ..., PC DN. N represents the number of possible amplification factors of the amplification link, which depends on the uplink or downlink amplification capability of the answering device.

[0152] Different amplification factors of the amplification link correspond to different transmit power sub-levels, so that the answering device can use the corresponding transmit power sub-level for signal transmission, which helps to enhance uplink coverage or achieve device energy saving.

[0153] In some embodiments of the present application, the method may further include the following steps:

[0154] The answering device determines, based on the first information, whether to perform link switching, and performs a switching operation if it is determined to perform link switching;

[0155] Link switching includes: switching between an amplified link and a non-amplified link, or switching between different amplified links.

[0156] The answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the first information. The amplified link may include an uplink amplified link or a downlink amplified link.

[0157] If it is determined to perform link switching, the switching operation is performed. If switching from an amplified link to a non-amplified link, the current link is the non-amplified link; if switching from a non-amplified link to an amplified link, the current link is the amplified link; if switching from an uplink amplified link and a downlink amplified link to an uplink amplified link, the current link is the uplink amplified link; if switching from an uplink amplified link and a downlink amplified link to a downlink amplified link, the current link is the downlink amplified link.

[0158] If it is determined not to switch the link, the original link remains unchanged. If the original link is an amplifying link, the current link is the amplifying link; if the original link is a non-amplifying link, the current link is the non-amplifying link.

[0159] The answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the first information, and can perform link switching in a timely manner to enhance uplink coverage or achieve device energy saving.

[0160] In some embodiments of the present application, the first information may include at least one of the following:

[0161] Switching instruction information received from the read / write device;

[0162] Pre-acquired parameter information;

[0163] measurement information of the second signal;

[0164] Energy saving information;

[0165] Demodulation information of the switching indication information.

[0166] In the first case of an embodiment of the present application, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on first information. The first information may include switching indication information received from the read-write device. The switching indication information is used to instruct the answering device to perform link switching. For example, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the switching indication information received from the read-write device.

[0167] The amplification link includes an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the switching indication information includes first indication information, second indication information, third indication information, fourth indication information, fifth indication information, or sixth indication information;

[0168] The first indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link;

[0169] The second instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link;

[0170] The third instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the amplified link to the non-amplified link;

[0171] The fourth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link;

[0172] The fifth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the uplink amplification link;

[0173] The sixth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the downlink amplification link.

[0174] Optionally, when the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, if first indication information is received, it may determine to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link based on the first indication information; if second indication information is received, it may determine to switch from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link based on the second indication information; if first indication information and second indication information are received, it may determine to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link based on the first indication information and the second indication information, and the first indication information and the second indication information may be carried in the same signaling or in different signalings; if fourth indication information is received, it may determine to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link based on the fourth indication information.

[0175] Optionally, when the answering device is in the uplink signal amplification state, if the first indication information is received, the original uplink amplification link may be kept unchanged.

[0176] Optionally, when the answering device is in the downlink signal amplification state, if the second indication information is received, the original downlink amplification link may be kept unchanged.

[0177] Optionally, when the answering device is in the signal amplification state, if third indication information is received, it may determine to switch from the amplified link to the non-amplified link and perform power backoff according to the third indication information.

[0178] Optionally, when the answering device is in the uplink signal and downlink signal amplification state, if the fifth indication information or the sixth indication information is received, it can determine to switch from uplink and downlink amplification to only uplink amplification or only downlink amplification.

[0179] Optionally, when the answering device is in a signal non-amplification state, if the third indication information is received, the original non-amplification link may be kept unchanged.

[0180] Optionally, the first indication information, the second indication information, the third indication information, the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information may also be used to indicate at least one of a transmit power level and modulation information, where the modulation information may include at least one of the following:

[0181] On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation;

[0182] On-off keying modulation rate;

[0183] Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation;

[0184] Frequency shift keying modulation rate;

[0185] Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation;

[0186] Phase-shift keying modulation rate.

[0187] The first indication information, the second indication information, the third indication information, the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information is further used to indicate the transmission power level or modulation information of the answering device, to control the signal transmission of the answering device, and to help improve signal transmission efficiency.

[0188] Optionally, when the switching indication information includes the first indication information, the second indication information, or the fourth indication information, the read / write device may send the first indication information, the second indication information, or the fourth indication information to the answering device in at least one of the following situations:

[0189] detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is less than or equal to a first threshold;

[0190] No backscatter signal is received within a first time period;

[0191] A conflict was detected.

[0192] When the reader / writer detects that channel conditions have deteriorated, such as when the received power of the backscattered signal is less than or equal to a first threshold, or when no backscattered signal is received within a first time period, or when a conflict is detected, such as a collision between transmissions from multiple transponders, the reader / writer determines that the transponder should increase its signal transmission power and may send a first indication message, a second indication message, or a fourth indication message to the transponder. The first threshold and the first time period may be preconfigured or predefined.

[0193] Optionally, when the switching indication information includes the third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information, the read / write device may send the third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information to the answering device in at least one of the following situations:

[0194] Detecting that the answering device has entered a power saving state;

[0195] Interference with the backscattered signal is detected;

[0196] detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is greater than or equal to a second threshold;

[0197] It is detected that the distance between the answering device and the reading and writing device is less than or equal to a third threshold value.

[0198] When the read / write device detects that the answering device has entered the energy-saving state, or detects interference with the backscattered signal, or detects that the channel conditions have improved, such as the received power of the backscattered signal is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, or detects that the distance between the answering device and the read / write device is less than or equal to the third threshold value, it believes that the answering device should reduce the signal transmission power and can send the third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information to the answering device.

[0199] In the second case of an embodiment of the present application, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the first information. The first information may include pre-obtained parameter information. The parameter information may include information on the energy storage efficiency threshold or the duration threshold of signaling demodulation failure or the number threshold of signaling demodulation failure. For example, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the pre-obtained parameter information.

[0200] Optionally, when the answering device is in a non-amplified signal state, if the energy storage efficiency is less than or equal to an energy storage efficiency threshold, or the duration of the inability to correctly demodulate signaling is greater than or equal to a threshold for the duration of signaling demodulation failure, or the number of consecutive inability to correctly demodulate signaling is greater than or equal to a threshold for the number of signaling demodulation failures, then a decision can be made to switch from the non-amplified link to the amplified link. This helps improve the answering device's energy storage efficiency or the signaling demodulation success rate.

[0201] The energy storage efficiency threshold or the signaling demodulation failure duration threshold or the signaling demodulation failure number threshold may be predefined or indicated by the read / write device.

[0202] In the third case of the embodiment of the present application, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the first information. The first information may include measurement information of the second signal. For example, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the measurement information of the second signal.

[0203] Optionally, the measurement information of the second signal may include at least one of the following:

[0204] Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP);

[0205] Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI);

[0206] Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ);

[0207] Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR).

[0208] Optionally, when the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, if, based on measurement information of the second signal, it is determined that the second signal is weak, such as a reference signal received power less than or equal to a reference signal received power threshold, or a received signal strength indication less than or equal to a received signal strength indication threshold, or a reference signal received quality less than or equal to a reference signal received quality threshold, and a signal to interference plus noise ratio less than or equal to a signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold, it may be determined to switch from the non-amplified link to the amplified link.

[0209] Optionally, in the case where the first information includes measurement information of the second signal, the method may further include the following steps:

[0210] Step 1: When the answering device determines to switch from the non-amplified link to the amplified link, the answering device determines the available transmit power level based on the measurement information of the second signal;

[0211] Step 2: The answering device reports the available transmit power level or the duration of the available transmit power level.

[0212] For example, if the answering device determines to switch from the non-amplified link to the amplified link, it can determine the available transmit power level based on measurement information such as the reference signal received power, received signal strength indicator, reference signal received quality, and signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the second signal, and report the available transmit power level or the duration of the available transmit power level to the reader to meet radiation regulatory requirements. After receiving the available transmit power level reported by the answering device, the reader can select a transmit power level from the available transmit power levels and indicate it to the answering device to control the transmit power of the answering device.

[0213] In the fourth case of the embodiment of the present application, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching according to the first information. The first information may include energy-saving information. For example, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching according to the energy-saving information.

[0214] Optionally, when the answering device is in the signal amplification state, if it wants to enter the energy-saving state, it can determine to switch from the amplification link to the non-amplification link to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

[0215] In the fifth case of the embodiment of the present application, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the first information. The first information may include demodulation information of the switching indication information. For example, the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the demodulation information of the switching indication information.

[0216] Optionally, the answering device may determine whether to perform a link switch based on whether the demodulated information of the switching instruction information is correct. For example, when the answering device is in a non-amplified signal state, if the demodulated information of the switching instruction information is correct, then it is determined not to perform a link switch. However, if the switching instruction information cannot be correctly demodulated, or cannot be correctly demodulated within a set duration, or cannot be correctly demodulated for a set number of consecutive times, then there may be interference caused by a high-power backscattered signal, which has affected the switching instruction information. In this case, it may be determined to switch from the non-amplified link to the amplified link.

[0217] Optionally, the amplified link includes an uplink amplified link or a downlink amplified link. When the answering device determines to perform link switching, if it switches from a non-amplified link to an uplink amplified link, it also switches to a downlink amplified link to improve uplink coverage while effectively improving downlink receiving sensitivity.

[0218] Optionally, when the answering device determines to perform link switching, if it switches from a non-amplified link to a downlink amplified link, it also switches to an uplink amplified link to improve downlink reception sensitivity while enhancing uplink coverage, or does not switch to the uplink amplified link to save energy.

[0219] If switching to the uplink amplification link or the downlink amplification link, the answering device can report the available transmit power level or the duration of the available transmit power level to meet the requirements of radiation supervision.

[0220] It should be noted that the answering device may determine whether to perform link switching based on one of the above information, or may determine whether to perform link switching based on a combination of the above information.

[0221] In some embodiments of the present application, the target transmit power level is less than or equal to the maximum transmit power level, or the target transmit power level is greater than or equal to the minimum transmit power level, so that the answering device can effectively transmit the first signal based on the target transmit power level. The maximum transmit power level or the minimum transmit power level is preconfigured or indicated by the reader / writer device.

[0222] Optionally, before the reader / writer receives the first signal transmitted based on the target transmit power level from the answering device, the reader / writer may send the maximum transmit power level or minimum transmit power level of the answering device's communication interface to the answering device. For example, the reader / writer may directly configure the maximum transmit power level or minimum transmit power level of the answering device's communication interface based on deployment scenarios and service requirements. The reader / writer may also configure usage conditions for the communication interface transmit power level for the answering device based on deployment scenarios and service requirements.

[0223] Optionally, the maximum transmit power level is a transmit power level corresponding to a set amplification factor of the amplifying link, such as a transmit power level corresponding to a maximum amplification factor of the amplifying link.

[0224] In some embodiments of the present application, before the answering device determines whether to perform link switching based on the first information, the method may further include the following steps:

[0225] The answering device reports the amplification capability information.

[0226] In an embodiment of the present application, the answering device may report amplification capability information to the reading / writing device, so that the reading / writing device can more accurately send switching instruction information or make other instructions based on the amplification capability information of the answering device.

[0227] Optionally, the amplification capability information may include at least one of the following:

[0228] Information on whether the system has uplink amplification capability, such as whether it is equipped with a reflective amplifier, such as a PA;

[0229] In the case of uplink amplification capability, information on the uplink amplification capability, such as uplink amplification multiple;

[0230] Information on whether the system has downlink amplification capability, such as whether it is equipped with a transmission amplifier, such as an LNA;

[0231] In the case of downlink amplification capability, information on the downlink amplification capability, such as downlink amplification multiple;

[0232] Information about hardware capabilities that may affect downlink receive sensitivity, such as the bypass resistor of the reflection amplifier.

[0233] Optionally, the amplification capability information may further include at least one of the following:

[0234] Information on whether the transmit power levels of different communication interfaces are supported, such as whether the transmit power levels of the Uu interface, sidelink (SL) interface, or other newly defined interfaces are supported;

[0235] Information about adjustable power headroom, such as how much transmit power can be increased or decreased.

[0236] The amplification capability information includes one or more of the above information, which helps the reading and writing device to accurately perform switching instructions according to the amplification capability information of the answering device.

[0237] In some embodiments of the present application, the answering device reporting the amplification capability information may include the following steps:

[0238] The answering device reports the amplification capability information in at least one of the following situations:

[0239] Sending a random access request;

[0240] Send uplink control information;

[0241] Receive query signaling;

[0242] Receiving paging signaling;

[0243] Receiving a confirmation response signaling;

[0244] Report device capability information.

[0245] For example, the answering device may report the amplification capability information when sending a random access request, such as a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble or request;

[0246] Or the answering device may report the amplification capability information when sending uplink control information, such as the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH);

[0247] Or the answering device may report the amplification capability information after receiving the query signaling;

[0248] Or the answering device may report the amplification capability information after receiving the paging signaling;

[0249] Or the answering device may report the amplification capability information after receiving the confirmation response signaling, such as reporting the amplification capability information after receiving the confirmation signaling (ACK) from the read / write device or after the read / write device responds to the answering device ID;

[0250] Alternatively, the answering device may report the amplification capability information when reporting the device capability information.

[0251] Optionally, the amplification capability information may be based on the answering device, or based on the frequency band, or based on the frequency point.

[0252] For ease of understanding, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to specific examples.

[0253] In the following example, the signal transmission process is described by taking the reader / writer device as the base station (BS) and the transponder device as the tag.

[0254] Example 1: LNA-based transmit power level

[0255] The following describes a method for defining the transmit power level when the tag is configured with only a downlink LNA, as shown in Figure 15, and explains the signal transmission process based on the amplification capability reporting method.

[0256] The tag reports amplification capability information, including the LNA link and LNA-related hardware capability information;

[0257] The tag does not communicate with the base station through the LNA link, but sends a backscattered signal to the base station based on the carrier signal;

[0258] The base station does not receive the backscatter signal for a period of time. Based on the amplification capability information of the tag, the base station sends a second indication message to instruct the tag to switch to the LNA link and indicate that the transmission power level of the backscatter signal is PCB, for example, approximately -10dBm.

[0259] After receiving and demodulating the second indication information, the tag switches to the LNA link and sends a backscattered signal to the base station;

[0260] The base station receives and demodulates the backscattered signal transmitted based on the PCB.

[0261] In addition, the tag can also directly report the PCB transmit power level based on the Uu interface or SL interface. Taking the Uu interface as an example, a possible transmission process is as follows:

[0262] The tag reports whether it supports the PCB of the Uu interface, for example, reporting only support for PCB; or reporting support for PCA and PCB. Reporting can be based on tag (pertag), frequency band (perband) or frequency point (perfrequency);

[0263] The tag does not communicate with the base station through the LNA link, but sends a backscattered signal to the base station based on the carrier signal;

[0264] The base station does not receive the backscatter signal for a period of time. Based on the amplification capability information of the tag, the base station sends a second indication message to instruct the tag to switch to the LNA link and indicate that the transmission power level of the backscatter signal is PC B, for example, about -10dBm;

[0265] After receiving and demodulating the second indication information, the tag switches to the LNA link and sends a backscattered signal to the base station;

[0266] The base station receives and demodulates the backscattered signal transmitted based on the PC B.

[0267] In addition to the tag reporting supported transmit power levels, the base station can also directly configure the maximum transmit power level or minimum transmit power level based on the Uu interface or SL interface for the tag. The tag will only transmit backscattered signals when the transmit power level is less than or equal to the configured maximum transmit power level or greater than or equal to the configured minimum transmit power level. A possible transmission process under the minimum transmit power level constraint is as follows:

[0268] The tag reports amplification capability information, including the LNA link and LNA-related hardware capability information;

[0269] The tag does not communicate with the base station through the LNA link, but sends a backscattered signal to the base station based on the carrier signal;

[0270] The base station does not receive backscattered signals for a period of time. Based on the tag's amplification capability information, the base station sends a second indication message to the tag, indicating the minimum transmit power level, such as PCB. This configuration can be per tag, per band, or per frequency;

[0271] After receiving and demodulating the second indication information, the tag switches to the LNA link and sends a backscattered signal to the base station;

[0272] The base station receives and demodulates the backscattered signal transmitted based on the PC B.

[0273] Example 2: Transmit power level based on uplink reflective PA

[0274] This article describes how to define the transmit power level when the tag is configured with only an uplink reflector amplifier, as shown in Figure 16. It also describes the signal transmission process based on how the amplification capability is reported.

[0275] The tag reports amplification capability information, including hardware capability information related to the configured reflective amplification link and reflective amplifier;

[0276] The tag does not communicate with the base station through a reflective amplification link, but sends a backscattered signal to the base station based on the carrier signal;

[0277] The base station does not receive a backscatter signal for a period of time. Based on the amplification capability information of the tag, the base station sends a first indication message to instruct the tag to switch to the reflection amplification link and indicates that the transmission power level of the backscatter signal is PCC1, for example, about -5dBm.

[0278] After receiving and demodulating the first indication information, the tag switches to the reflection amplification link and sends a backscattered signal to the base station;

[0279] The base station receives and demodulates the backscattered signal transmitted based on PC C1.

[0280] Similar to Example 1, the tag can also directly report the PCC transmit power level supported over the Uu interface or SL interface. Taking the Uu interface as an example, a possible transmission process is as follows:

[0281] The tag reports whether it supports PC C of the Uu interface, for example, reporting that only PC C1-CN is supported; or reporting that all transmit power levels of PC A, PC B, and PCC are supported. Reporting can be per UE, per band, or per frequency;

[0282] The tag does not communicate with the base station through a reflective amplification link, but sends a backscattered signal to the base station based on the carrier signal.

[0283] The base station does not receive a backscatter signal for a period of time. Based on the amplification capability information of the tag, the base station sends a first indication message to instruct the tag to switch to the reflection amplification link and indicates that the transmission power level of the backscatter signal is PC C2, for example, about 0 dBm.

[0284] After receiving and demodulating the first indication information, the tag switches to the reflection amplification link and sends a backscattered signal to the base station;

[0285] The base station receives and demodulates the backscattered signal based on PC C2.

[0286] Similar to Example 1, in addition to the tag reporting the supported transmit power levels, the base station can also directly configure the tag with a maximum transmit power level or minimum transmit power level based on the Uu interface or SL interface. The tag will only transmit backscattered signals when the configured maximum transmit power level is less than or equal to the configured maximum transmit power level or when the configured minimum transmit power level is greater than or equal to the configured minimum transmit power level. In this case, the maximum transmit power level can be the transmit power level corresponding to the maximum amplification factor of the reflective amplifier, or the transmit power level corresponding to a certain amplification factor of the reflective amplifier.

[0287] In addition, when the base station determines the transmission power level, it can consider the impact of the transmission power level indication on the downlink receiving sensitivity based on the service scenario, channel conditions, etc., and indicate the optimal transmission power level according to the method in the related technology of the impact of the use of reflection amplifiers on downlink receiving sensitivity.

[0288] Example 3: Transmit power level based on uplink and downlink signal amplification

[0289] The method for defining the transmit power level when configuring the tag with an uplink reflector amplifier and downlink LNA is described. Figure 11 shows the structure. The signal transmission process is described based on the amplification capability reporting method. The transmission process for the tag reporting the transmit power level and the base station indicating the maximum or minimum transmit power level is similar to that in Examples 1 and 2 and is not repeated here.

[0290] The tag reports amplification capability information, including the hardware capability information of the reflective amplifier link, LNA link, reflective amplifier, and LNA.

[0291] The tag does not communicate with the base station through the reflective amplifier link and LNA link, but sends a backscattered signal to the base station based on the carrier signal;

[0292] The base station does not receive a backscatter signal for a period of time, for example, due to deterioration of channel conditions. The base station sends first indication information and second indication information based on the amplification capability information of the tag, to instruct the tag to switch to the reflective amplification link and the LNA link, and indicates that the transmit power level of the backscatter signal is PC D1, for example, approximately 5dBm.

[0293] After receiving and demodulating the first indication information and the second indication information, the tag switches to the reflection amplification link and the LNA link, and sends a backscattered signal to the base station;

[0294] The base station receives and demodulates the backscattered signal transmitted based on PC D1.

[0295] The above example shows a tag switching from a non-amplified link to an amplified link to enhance coverage. Alternatively, if the tag is close to the base station or to save energy, the tag can be instructed to power down.

[0296] Example 4: Different ways of reporting information

[0297] The traditional RFID tag inventory process is described in the related art. Correspondingly, in cellular networks, traditional contention-based random access requires at least four steps, including two information exchanges between the base station and the terminal. To reduce the number of Listen Before Talk (LBT) calls, access latency, and signaling overhead, 3GPP introduced a two-step Random Access Channel (RACH) in Release 16. This merges the two uplink channels, Msg1 and Msg3, from the original four-step RACH into a new MsgA, and Msg2 and Msg4 into a new MsgB.

[0298] The amplification capability information that the tag needs to report includes:

[0299] Information on whether it has uplink amplification capability;

[0300] Information on whether it has downlink amplification capability;

[0301] Information on whether it has uplink amplification capabilities and downlink amplification capabilities;

[0302] Information on uplink amplification capabilities;

[0303] Information on downlink amplification capabilities;

[0304] Magnification;

[0305] Other hardware capability information;

[0306] Information that may affect downlink receiver sensitivity, such as the bypass resistor of the reflection amplifier;

[0307] Information about whether the transmit power level of the Uu interface or SL interface is supported

[0308] Adjustable power headroom information.

[0309] Optionally, the above information reporting method may include:

[0310] Reported when sending a random access request; for example, the tag is reported in Msg1 initiated on the PRACH for uplink, or in the first RN16 sent after receiving the query. Here, Msg1 can also correspond to MsgA in the two-step RACH.

[0311] Reporting is performed after receiving query signaling and paging signaling. For example, the tag periodically monitors paging messages to establish a service connection. Then, the tag can report based on the paging message obtained by decoding the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and the configured uplink transmission resources.

[0312] Report after receiving the confirmation command (ACK) from the read / write device; for example, the tag reports when sending EPC after receiving ACK;

[0313] Reported when sending control information; specifically, the Msg does not report information. In the second interaction of the access process, the tag sends the Msg3 information containing the ID or the user identifier from the core network to the base station based on the timing advance (TA), resource configuration, power control and other information indicated by the scheduling, and the information to be reported is reported together with the Msg3; or no information is reported in the uplink channel after the query, and only a temporary identity such as RN16 is sent. The information to be reported is carried in the second uplink signal after receiving the response from the base station;

[0314] Reported when reporting hardware capability information; for example, when the base station selects a tag, the amplified capability information will be reported together with the corresponding tag when reporting its hardware capability information.

[0315] In an embodiment of the present application, the answering device switches to an amplified link according to the first information, and the uplink coverage can be improved through uplink amplification. The downlink amplification can effectively improve the downlink receiving sensitivity while improving the uplink coverage. The answering device switches to a non-amplified link according to the first information, which can avoid additional power waste caused by signal amplification, which is beneficial to energy saving of the device.

[0316] Corresponding to the above method embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a signal transmission method, as shown in FIG17 , the method includes the following steps:

[0317] S1710: The reader / writer device receives a first signal transmitted based on a target transmission power level from the answering device;

[0318] The first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on the modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device;

[0319] When the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is a first transmit power level;

[0320] In the case where the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmit power level is a second transmit power level, which is different from the first transmit power level.

[0321] By applying the method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the read / write device receives a first signal transmitted based on a target transmission power level from the answering device. The first signal is a signal modulated and backscattered based on a second signal sent by the read / write device. The amplified link corresponds to the second transmission power level, and the non-amplified link corresponds to the first transmission power level. This enables the answering device to use different transmission power levels for signal transmission when it is in a non-amplified state or amplified state, which helps to enhance uplink coverage or achieve device energy saving.

[0322] In some embodiments of the present application, when the current link is an amplification link, the answering device has a second transmission power level, and the second transmission power level includes multiple transmission power sub-levels, each transmission power sub-level corresponds to a different amplification factor of the amplification link, and the greater the amplification factor of the amplification link, the higher the level of the transmission power sub-level.

[0323] In some embodiments of the present application, the method may further include the following steps:

[0324] The read / write device sends a switching instruction message to the answering device, where the switching instruction message is used to instruct the answering device to perform link switching;

[0325] Link switching includes: switching between an amplified link and a non-amplified link, or switching between different amplified links.

[0326] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification link includes an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the switching indication information includes first indication information, second indication information, third indication information, fourth indication information, fifth indication information, or sixth indication information;

[0327] The first indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link;

[0328] The second instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link;

[0329] The third instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the amplified link to the non-amplified link;

[0330] The fourth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link;

[0331] The fifth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the uplink amplification link;

[0332] The sixth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the downlink amplification link.

[0333] In some embodiments of the present application, the first indication information, the second indication information, the third indication information, the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following:

[0334] Transmit power level;

[0335] Modulation information.

[0336] In some embodiments of the present application, the modulation information includes at least one of the following:

[0337] On-off keying modulation mode;

[0338] On-off keying modulation rate;

[0339] Frequency shift keying modulation mode;

[0340] Frequency shift keying modulation rate;

[0341] Phase shift keying modulation method;

[0342] Phase-shift keying modulation rate.

[0343] In some embodiments of the present application, when the switching indication information includes the first indication information, the second indication information, or the fourth indication information, the reading / writing device sends the switching indication information to the answering device, including:

[0344] The read / write device sends the first indication information, the second indication information, or the fourth indication information to the answering device in at least one of the following situations:

[0345] detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is less than or equal to a first threshold;

[0346] No backscatter signal is received within a first time period;

[0347] A conflict was detected.

[0348] In some embodiments of the present application, when the switching indication information includes the third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information, the reading / writing device sends the switching indication information to the answering device, including:

[0349] The read / write device sends the third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information to the answering device in at least one of the following situations:

[0350] Detecting that the answering device has entered a power saving state;

[0351] Interference with the backscattered signal is detected;

[0352] detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is greater than or equal to a second threshold;

[0353] It is detected that the distance between the answering device and the reading and writing device is less than or equal to a third threshold value.

[0354] In some embodiments of the present application, before the reader / writer device receives the first signal transmitted based on the target transmission power level from the answering device, the method further includes:

[0355] The read / write device sends the maximum transmission power level or the minimum transmission power level of the communication interface of the answering device to the answering device.

[0356] In some embodiments of the present application, before the read / write device sends the switching instruction information to the answering device, the method further includes:

[0357] The read / write device receives the amplification capability information from the answering device.

[0358] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information includes at least one of the following:

[0359] Information on whether it has uplink amplification capability;

[0360] If uplink amplification capability is available, information on the uplink amplification capability;

[0361] Information on whether it has downlink amplification capability;

[0362] If downlink amplification capability is available, information on the downlink amplification capability;

[0363] Information about hardware capabilities that affect downlink receive sensitivity.

[0364] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information further includes at least one of the following:

[0365] Information on whether the transmit power levels of different communication interfaces are supported;

[0366] Adjustable power headroom information.

[0367] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information is based on the answering device, or based on the frequency band, or based on the frequency point.

[0368] The signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiment shown in Figure 14 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0369] The signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by a signal transmission device. In the embodiment of the present application, the signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the signal transmission method executed by the signal transmission device as an example.

[0370] As shown in FIG18 , the signal transmission device 1800 may include the following modules:

[0371] The transmission module 1810 is configured to transmit a first signal based on a target transmission power level;

[0372] The first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on the modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device;

[0373] When the current link is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is the first transmit power level;

[0374] In the case where the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmit power level is a second transmit power level, which is different from the first transmit power level.

[0375] By using the device provided in the embodiment of the present application, a first signal is transmitted based on a target transmission power level. The first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of a second signal sent by a read / write device. The amplified link corresponds to the second transmission power level, and the non-amplified link corresponds to the first transmission power level. This allows the answering device to use different transmission power levels for signal transmission when it is in a non-amplified state or amplified state, which helps to enhance uplink coverage or achieve device energy saving.

[0376] In some embodiments of the present application, when the current link is an amplification link, the answering device has a second transmission power level, and the second transmission power level includes multiple transmission power sub-levels, each transmission power sub-level corresponds to a different amplification factor of the amplification link, and the greater the amplification factor of the amplification link, the higher the level of the transmission power sub-level.

[0377] In some embodiments of the present application, the signal transmission device 1800 further includes an execution module configured to:

[0378] determining, based on the first information, whether to perform link switching, and performing a switching operation if it is determined that the link switching is to be performed;

[0379] Link switching includes: switching between an amplified link and a non-amplified link, or switching between different amplified links.

[0380] In some embodiments of the present application, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0381] Switching instruction information received from the read / write device;

[0382] Pre-acquired parameter information;

[0383] measurement information of the second signal;

[0384] Energy saving information;

[0385] Demodulation information of the switching indication information.

[0386] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification link includes an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the switching indication information includes first indication information, second indication information, third indication information, fourth indication information, fifth indication information, or sixth indication information;

[0387] The first indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link;

[0388] The second instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link;

[0389] The third instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the amplified link to the non-amplified link;

[0390] The fourth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link;

[0391] The fifth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the uplink amplification link;

[0392] The sixth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the downlink amplification link.

[0393] In some embodiments of the present application, the first indication information, the second indication information, the third indication information, the fourth indication information, or the fifth indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following:

[0394] Transmit power level;

[0395] Modulation information.

[0396] In some embodiments of the present application, the modulation information includes at least one of the following:

[0397] On-off keying modulation mode;

[0398] On-off keying modulation rate;

[0399] Frequency shift keying modulation mode;

[0400] Frequency shift keying modulation rate;

[0401] Phase shift keying modulation method;

[0402] Phase-shift keying modulation rate.

[0403] In some embodiments of the present application, the parameter information includes information on an energy storage efficiency threshold, a duration threshold for signaling demodulation failure, or a number threshold for signaling demodulation failure.

[0404] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first information includes measurement information of the second signal, the signal transmission device 1800 further includes a first reporting module configured to:

[0405] In the case of determining to switch from the non-amplified link to the amplified link, determining an available transmit power level based on measurement information of the second signal;

[0406] Reports the available transmit power level or the duration of the available transmit power level.

[0407] In some embodiments of the present application, the measurement information of the second signal includes at least one of the following:

[0408] Reference signal received power;

[0409] Received signal strength indicator;

[0410] Reference signal reception quality;

[0411] Signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio.

[0412] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first information includes demodulation information of the handover indication information, the execution module is configured to:

[0413] Whether to perform link switching is determined based on whether demodulated information of the switching indication information is correct.

[0414] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification link includes an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the execution module is configured to:

[0415] In the case of determining to perform link switching, if switching is performed from a non-amplified link to an uplink amplified link, switching is also performed to a downlink amplified link;

[0416] Alternatively, when it is determined to perform link switching, if switching is performed from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link, switching is also performed to the uplink amplified link, or switching is not performed to the uplink amplified link.

[0417] In some embodiments of the present application, the target transmit power level is less than or equal to the maximum transmit power level;

[0418] Or, the target transmit power level is greater than or equal to the minimum transmit power level.

[0419] In some embodiments of the present application, the maximum transmission power level or the minimum transmission power level is pre-configured or indicated by the reading and writing device.

[0420] In some embodiments of the present application, the maximum transmit power level is a transmit power level corresponding to a set amplification factor of the amplification link.

[0421] In some embodiments of the present application, the signal transmission device 1800 further includes a second reporting module configured to:

[0422] Before determining whether to perform link switching according to the first information, the amplification capability information is reported.

[0423] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information includes at least one of the following:

[0424] Information on whether it has uplink amplification capability;

[0425] If uplink amplification capability is available, information on the uplink amplification capability;

[0426] Information on whether it has downlink amplification capability;

[0427] If downlink amplification capability is available, information on the downlink amplification capability;

[0428] Information about hardware capabilities that affect downlink receive sensitivity.

[0429] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information further includes at least one of the following:

[0430] Information on whether the transmit power levels of different communication interfaces are supported;

[0431] Adjustable power headroom information.

[0432] In some embodiments of the present application, the second reporting module is used to:

[0433] Report the amplification capability information in at least one of the following situations:

[0434] Sending a random access request;

[0435] Send uplink control information;

[0436] Receive query signaling;

[0437] Receiving paging signaling;

[0438] Receiving a confirmation response signaling;

[0439] Report device capability information.

[0440] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information is based on the answering device, or based on the frequency band, or based on the frequency point.

[0441] The signal transmission device 1800 provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented by the method embodiment shown in Figure 14 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0442] As shown in FIG19 , the signal transmission device 1900 may include the following modules:

[0443] A receiving module 1910 is configured to receive a first signal transmitted based on a target transmit power level from a response device;

[0444] The first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on the modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device;

[0445] When the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmit power level is a first transmit power level;

[0446] In the case where the current link is an amplified link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmit power level is a second transmit power level, which is different from the first transmit power level.

[0447] By using the device provided in the embodiment of the present application, a first signal transmitted based on a target transmission power level is received from the answering device. The first signal is a signal modulated and backscattered based on a second signal sent by the reading and writing device. The amplified link corresponds to the second transmission power level, and the non-amplified link corresponds to the first transmission power level. In this way, the answering device can use different transmission power levels for signal transmission when it is in a non-amplified state or amplified state, which helps to enhance uplink coverage or achieve device energy saving.

[0448] In some embodiments of the present application, when the current link is an amplification link, the answering device has a second transmission power level, and the second transmission power level includes multiple transmission power sub-levels, each transmission power sub-level corresponds to a different amplification factor of the amplification link, and the greater the amplification factor of the amplification link, the higher the level of the transmission power sub-level.

[0449] In some embodiments of the present application, the signal transmission device 1900 further includes a sending module configured to:

[0450] Sending switching instruction information to the answering device, where the switching instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to perform link switching;

[0451] Link switching includes: switching between an amplified link and a non-amplified link, or switching between different amplified links.

[0452] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification link includes an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the switching indication information includes first indication information, second indication information, third indication information, fourth indication information, fifth indication information, or sixth indication information;

[0453] The first indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link;

[0454] The second instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link;

[0455] The third instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the amplified link to the non-amplified link;

[0456] The fourth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link;

[0457] The fifth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the uplink amplification link;

[0458] The sixth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the downlink amplification link.

[0459] In some embodiments of the present application, the first indication information, the second indication information, the third indication information, the fourth indication information, or the fifth indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following:

[0460] Transmit power level;

[0461] Modulation information.

[0462] In some embodiments of the present application, the modulation information includes at least one of the following:

[0463] On-off keying modulation mode; on-off keying modulation rate; frequency shift keying modulation mode; frequency shift keying modulation rate; phase shift keying modulation mode; phase shift keying modulation rate.

[0464] In some embodiments of the present application, when the switching indication information includes the first indication information, the second indication information, or the fourth indication information, the sending module is configured to:

[0465] The first indication information, the second indication information, or the fourth indication information is sent to the answering device in at least one of the following situations:

[0466] detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is less than or equal to a first threshold;

[0467] No backscatter signal is received within a first time period;

[0468] A conflict was detected.

[0469] In some embodiments of the present application, when the switching indication information includes the third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information, the sending module is configured to:

[0470] The third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information is sent to the answering device in at least one of the following circumstances:

[0471] Detecting that the answering device has entered a power saving state;

[0472] Interference with the backscattered signal is detected;

[0473] detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is greater than or equal to a second threshold;

[0474] It is detected that the distance between the answering device and the reading and writing device is less than or equal to a third threshold value.

[0475] In some embodiments of the present application, the sending module is further configured to:

[0476] Prior to receiving a first signal transmitted based on the target transmit power level from the answering device, a maximum transmit power level or a minimum transmit power level of the communication interface of the answering device is sent to the answering device.

[0477] In some embodiments of the present application, the receiving module 1910 is further configured to:

[0478] Prior to sending the switching indication information to the answering machine, amplification capability information is received from the answering machine.

[0479] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information includes at least one of the following:

[0480] Information on whether it has uplink amplification capability;

[0481] If uplink amplification capability is available, information on the uplink amplification capability;

[0482] Information on whether it has downlink amplification capability;

[0483] If downlink amplification capability is available, information on the downlink amplification capability;

[0484] Information about hardware capabilities that affect downlink receive sensitivity.

[0485] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information further includes at least one of the following:

[0486] Information on whether the transmit power levels of different communication interfaces are supported;

[0487] Adjustable power headroom information.

[0488] In some embodiments of the present application, the amplification capability information is based on the answering device, or based on the frequency band, or based on the frequency point.

[0489] The signal transmission device 1900 provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented by the method embodiment shown in Figure 17 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0490] As shown in Figure 20, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 2000, including a processor 2001 and a memory 2002. The memory 2002 stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor 2001. For example, when the communication device 2000 is a response device, the program or instruction, when executed by the processor 2001, implements the various steps of the method embodiment shown in Figure 14 above, and can achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 2000 is a read-write device, the program or instruction, when executed by the processor 2001, implements the various steps of the method embodiment shown in Figure 17 above, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they are not repeated here.

[0491] The present application also provides a terminal comprising a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the communication interface being configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps of the method embodiments shown in Figures 14 or 17 . This terminal embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned method embodiments on the answering device or reader / writer side. The various implementation processes and methods of the aforementioned method embodiments are applicable to this terminal embodiment and achieve the same technical effects. Specifically, Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal implementing the present application embodiment.

[0492] The terminal 2100 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 2101, a network module 2102, an audio output unit 2103, an input unit 2104, a sensor 2105, a display unit 2106, a user input unit 2107, an interface unit 2108, a memory 2109 and at least some of the components of the processor 2110.

[0493] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terminal 2100 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 2110 via a power management system, thereby implementing functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The terminal structure shown in FIG21 does not constitute a limitation of the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently, which will not be described in detail here.

[0494] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the input unit 2104 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 21041 and a microphone 21042, and the graphics processor 21041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 2106 may include a display panel 21061, and the display panel 21061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 2107 includes a touch panel 21071 and at least one of other input devices 21072. The touch panel 21071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 21071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 21072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and an operating stick, which will not be repeated here.

[0495] In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving downlink data from the network-side device, the RF unit 2101 can transmit the data to the processor 2110 for processing. In addition, the RF unit 2101 can send uplink data to the network-side device. Generally, the RF unit 2101 includes but is not limited to an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, etc.

[0496] The memory 2109 can be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 2109 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, applications or instructions required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.). In addition, the memory 2109 may include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 2109 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0497] Processor 2110 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, processor 2110 integrates an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 2110.

[0498] It can be understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0499] The present application also provides a network-side device, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps of the method embodiment shown in FIG17 . This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned read-write device-side method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the aforementioned method embodiment is applicable to this network-side device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0500] Specifically, embodiments of the present application also provide a network-side device. As shown in Figure 22, the network-side device 2200 includes an antenna 2201, a radio frequency device 2202, a baseband device 2203, a processor 2204, and a memory 2205. Antenna 2201 is connected to radio frequency device 2202. In the uplink direction, radio frequency device 2202 receives information via antenna 2201 and sends the received information to baseband device 2203 for processing. In the downlink direction, baseband device 2203 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to radio frequency device 2202. Radio frequency device 2202 processes the received information and then sends it through antenna 2201.

[0501] The method executed by the network-side device in the above embodiment may be implemented in the baseband device 2203 , which includes a baseband processor.

[0502] The baseband device 2203 may include, for example, at least one baseband board, on which multiple chips are arranged, as shown in Figure 22, one of which is a baseband processor, for example, which is connected to the memory 2205 through a bus interface to call the program in the memory 2205 and execute the network side device operations shown in the above method embodiment.

[0503] The network side device may further include a network interface 2206, which is, for example, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0504] Specifically, the network side device 2200 of an embodiment of the present invention also includes: instructions or programs stored in the memory 2205 and executable on the processor 2204. The processor 2204 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 2205 to execute the method of executing each module shown in FIGXXX and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0505] An embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the various processes of the method embodiment shown in Figure 14 or Figure 17 above are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0506] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0507] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the method embodiments shown in Figures 14 or 17 above, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0508] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0509] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium. The computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the method embodiment shown in Figure 14 or Figure 17 above, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0510] An embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless communication system, including: a response device and a read-write device, wherein the response device can be used to execute the steps of the method shown in Figure 14 as described above, and the read-write device can be used to execute the steps of the method shown in Figure 17 as described above.

[0511] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0512] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of a computer software product plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0513] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms of implementation methods without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims. These implementation methods are all within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, wherein: include: The answering device transmits a first signal based on the target transmit power level; Wherein, the first signal is a signal modulated and backscattered based on the second signal sent by the read / write device; In the case where the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmission power level is a first transmission power level; In the case that the current link is an amplification link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: In the case where the current link is the amplification link, the response device has the second transmission power level, the second transmission power level includes multiple transmission power sub-levels, each transmission power sub-level corresponds to a different amplification factor of the amplification link, and the larger the amplification factor of the amplification link, the higher the level of the transmission power sub-level.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The method further comprises: The answering device determines whether to perform link switching according to the first information, and performs a switching operation if it is determined to perform link switching; The link switching includes: switching between the amplified link and the non-amplified link, or switching between different amplified links.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The first information includes at least one of the following: Switching indication information received from the read-write device; Pre-obtained parameter information; measurement information of the second signal; Energy saving information; Demodulation information of the switching indication information.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The amplification link includes an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the switching indication information includes first indication information, second indication information, third indication information, fourth indication information, fifth indication information, or sixth indication information; The first indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link; The second indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link; The third indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the amplified link to the non-amplified link; The fourth indication information is used to instruct the response device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link; The fifth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the uplink amplification link; The sixth indication information is used to instruct the response device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the downlink amplification link.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The first indication information, the second indication information, the third indication information, the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: Transmit power level; Modulation information.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The modulation information includes at least one of the following: On-off keying modulation mode; On-off keying modulation rate; Frequency shift keying modulation method; Frequency shift keying modulation rate; Phase shift keying modulation method; Phase-Shift Keying modulation rate.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein: The parameter information includes information on energy storage efficiency threshold or a duration threshold of signaling demodulation failure or a number threshold of signaling demodulation failure.

9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein: In the case where the first information includes measurement information of the second signal, the method further includes: The answering device determines, when determining to switch from the non-amplified link to the amplified link, an available transmission power level according to the measurement information of the second signal; The answering device reports the available transmit power level or a duration of the available transmit power level.

10. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein: The measurement information of the second signal includes at least one of the following: reference signal received power; Received signal strength indication; Reference signal reception quality; Signal-to-interference-noise ratio.

11. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein: In a case where the first information includes demodulation information of the switching indication information, the response device determines whether to perform link switching according to the first information, including: The response device determines whether to perform link switching according to whether demodulated information of the switching indication information is correct.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The amplified link includes an uplink amplified link or a downlink amplified link. When the answering device determines to perform link switching, the answering device performs a switching operation, including: When the answering device determines to switch the link, if it switches from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link, it also switches to the downlink amplified link; Or, when the response device determines to perform link switching, if it switches from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link, it also switches to the uplink amplified link, or does not switch to the uplink amplified link.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The target transmit power level is less than or equal to the maximum transmit power level; Or, the target transmit power level is greater than or equal to the minimum transmit power level.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The maximum transmission power level or the minimum transmission power level is pre-configured or indicated by the read / write device.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein: The maximum transmit power level is the transmit power level corresponding to the set amplification factor of the amplification link.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein: Before the answering device determines whether to perform link switching according to the first information, the method further includes: The answering device reports the amplification capability information.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein: The amplification capability information includes at least one of the following: Information on whether it has uplink amplification capability; In the case of uplink amplification capability, information on the uplink amplification capability; Information on whether it has downlink amplification capability; If the downlink amplification capability is available, the downlink amplification capability information; Information about hardware capabilities that affect downlink receive sensitivity.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein: The amplification capability information also includes at least one of the following: Information on whether the transmit power levels of different communication interfaces are supported; Adjustable power headroom information.

19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein: The answering device reports the amplification capability information, including: The answering device reports the amplification capability information in at least one of the following situations: Sending a random access request; Send uplink control information; Receive query signaling; Receiving a paging signaling; Receiving a confirmation response signaling; Report device capability information.

20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein: The amplification capability information is based on the answering device, or based on a frequency band, or based on a frequency point.

21. A signal transmission method, wherein: include: The reader / writer device receives a first signal transmitted based on a target transmission power level from the answering device; Wherein, the first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device; In the case where the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmission power level is a first transmission power level; In the case that the current link is an amplification link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein: In the case where the current link is the amplification link, the response device has the second transmission power level, the second transmission power level includes multiple transmission power sub-levels, each transmission power sub-level corresponds to a different amplification factor of the amplification link, and the larger the amplification factor of the amplification link, the higher the level of the transmission power sub-level.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein: The method further comprises: The read / write device sends switching instruction information to the answering device, where the switching instruction information is used to instruct the answering device to perform link switching; The link switching includes: switching between the amplified link and the non-amplified link, or switching between different amplified links.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein: The amplification link includes an uplink amplification link or a downlink amplification link, and the switching indication information includes first indication information, second indication information, third indication information, fourth indication information, fifth indication information, or sixth indication information; The first indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link; The second indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the non-amplified link to the downlink amplified link; The third indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the amplified link to the non-amplified link; The fourth indication information is used to instruct the response device to switch from the non-amplified link to the uplink amplified link and the downlink amplified link; The fifth indication information is used to instruct the answering device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the uplink amplification link; The sixth indication information is used to instruct the response device to switch from the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link to the downlink amplification link.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein: The first indication information, the second indication information, the third indication information, the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: Transmit power level; Modulation information.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein: The modulation information includes at least one of the following: On-off keying modulation mode; On-off keying modulation rate; Frequency shift keying modulation method; Frequency shift keying modulation rate; Phase shift keying modulation method; Phase-Shift Keying modulation rate.

27. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein: In a case where the switching indication information includes the first indication information or the second indication information or the fourth indication information, the reading and writing device sending the switching indication information to the answering device includes: The read / write device sends the first indication information, the second indication information, or the fourth indication information to the answering device in at least one of the following situations: Detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is less than or equal to a first threshold value; No backscatter signal is received within a first time period; A conflict was detected.

28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein: In the case where the switching indication information includes the third indication information or the fifth indication information or the sixth indication information, the reading and writing device sending the switching indication information to the answering device includes: The read / write device sends the third indication information, the fifth indication information, or the sixth indication information to the answering device in at least one of the following situations: detecting that the answering device enters a power saving state; Interference with the backscattered signal is detected; Detecting that the received power of the backscattered signal is greater than or equal to a second threshold value; It is detected that the distance between the answering device and the reading and writing device is less than or equal to a third threshold value.

29. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein: Before the read / write device sends the switching indication information to the answering device, the method further includes: The read / write device receives amplification capability information from the answering device.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein: The amplification capability information includes at least one of the following: Information on whether it has uplink amplification capability; In the case of uplink amplification capability, information on the uplink amplification capability; Information on whether it has downlink amplification capability; If the downlink amplification capability is available, the downlink amplification capability information; Information about hardware capabilities that affect downlink receive sensitivity.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein: The amplification capability information also includes at least one of the following: Information on whether the transmit power levels of different communication interfaces are supported; Adjustable power headroom information.

32. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein: The amplification capability information is based on the answering device, or based on a frequency band, or based on a frequency point.

33. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 32, wherein: Before the read / write device receives a first signal transmitted based on the target transmission power level from the answering device, the method further includes: The read / write device sends the maximum transmission power level or the minimum transmission power level of the communication interface of the response device to the response device.

34. A signal transmission device, wherein: include: A transmission module, configured to transmit a first signal based on a target transmission power level; Wherein, the first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device; In the case where the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmission power level is a first transmission power level; In the case that the current link is an amplification link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

35. A signal transmission device, wherein: include: A receiving module, configured to receive a first signal transmitted based on a target transmission power level from a response device; Wherein, the first signal is a signal generated and backscattered based on modulation of the second signal sent by the read / write device; In the case where the current link of the answering device is a non-amplified link, the answering device is in a signal non-amplified state, and the target transmission power level is a first transmission power level; In the case that the current link is an amplification link, the answering device is in a signal amplification state, and the target transmission power level is a second transmission power level, which is different from the first transmission power level.

36. A communication device, wherein: It includes a processor and a memory, the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 33 are implemented.

37. A readable storage medium, wherein: The readable storage medium stores a program or instruction, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 33 are implemented.

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