Beam training methods, communication apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium

Abstract

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the technical field of communications. Provided are beam training methods, an apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium, which can effectively reduce the overhead of beam training in near-field scenarios. A method comprises: transmitting a measurement reference signal by means of a plurality of first beams; receiving a first measurement result sent by a second node, the first measurement result being used for indicating the number of beams meeting a preset condition amongst the plurality of first beams and an optimal beam amongst the plurality of first beams; sending the measurement reference signal by means of a plurality of second beams, the plurality of second beams being used for scanning a target area determined on the basis of said number of beams; and receiving a second measurement result sent by the second node, the second measurement result being used for indicating an optimal beam amongst the plurality of second beams. The present disclosure can be used in wireless communications.

Description

Beam training method, communication device, and computer-readable storage medium

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311073788.4, filed on August 23, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a beam training method, a communication device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0003] Ultra-large-scale multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems use beamforming technology to focus signals in a specific direction, improving received signal quality and spectral efficiency for user equipment (UE). To determine the optimal beam orientation for the base station (BS), beam training is required between the base station and the UE to determine the optimal beam.

[0004] As the aperture of a base station's antenna array increases, users are more likely to appear within the base station's near-field range. In near-field scenarios, electromagnetic waves exhibit spherical wave properties, meaning beams can be focused not only at different angles but also at different distances. This increases the number of candidate beams exponentially, increasing the overhead of beam training.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a beam training method, a communication device, and a computer-readable storage medium, which can effectively reduce the overhead of beam training in near-field scenarios.

[0007] In one aspect, a beam training method is provided, applied to a first node, comprising:

[0008] transmitting a measurement reference signal via a plurality of first beams;

[0009] receiving a first measurement result sent by the second node; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams in the plurality of first beams that meet a preset condition and an optimal beam in the plurality of first beams;

[0010] transmitting a measurement reference signal via a plurality of second beams; the plurality of second beams being used to scan a target area determined based on the number of beams;

[0011] A second measurement result sent by the second node is received; the second measurement result is used to indicate an optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0012] In another aspect, a beam training method is provided, applied to a second node, comprising:

[0013] measuring a measurement reference signal sent by the first node through the plurality of first beams;

[0014] Sending a first measurement result; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams in the multiple first beams that meet the preset conditions and the optimal beam in the multiple first beams;

[0015] measuring a measurement reference signal sent by the first node through a plurality of second beams; the plurality of second beams are used to scan a target area determined based on the number of beams;

[0016] A second measurement result is sent; the second measurement result is used to indicate an optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0017] In another aspect, a beam training method is provided, applied to a first node, comprising:

[0018] Measurement reference signals are transmitted via multiple beams over a transmission bandwidth; the transmission bandwidth is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signals do not satisfy a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship in different sub-frequency bands; any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with a different orientation in different sub-frequency bands;

[0019] Receive a measurement result sent by the second node; the measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet the preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among the multiple beams.

[0020] In another aspect, a beam training method is provided, applied to a second node, comprising:

[0021] Measuring measurement reference signals sent by the first node through multiple sub-beams of the multiple beams; the transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signals do not satisfy a QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands; any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with a different orientation in different sub-frequency bands;

[0022] Send measurement results; the measurement results are used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among multiple beams.

[0023] On the other hand, a communication device is provided, including: a sending module and a receiving module.

[0024] The sending module is used to send the measurement reference signal through multiple first beams;

[0025] The receiving module is configured to receive a first measurement result sent by the second node; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams in the plurality of first beams that meet a preset condition and the optimal beam in the plurality of first beams;

[0026] The transmitting module is further configured to transmit a measurement reference signal via a plurality of second beams; the plurality of second beams are configured to scan a target area determined based on the number of beams;

[0027] The receiving module is further used to receive a second measurement result sent by the second node; the second measurement result is used to indicate an optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0028] In yet another aspect, a communication device is provided, including: a measuring module and a sending module.

[0029] The measurement module is configured to measure a measurement reference signal sent by the first node through the plurality of first beams;

[0030] The sending module is used to send a first measurement result; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams in the multiple first beams that meet the preset conditions and the optimal beam in the multiple first beams;

[0031] The measurement module is used to measure the measurement reference signal sent by the first node through the multiple second beams; the multiple second beams are used to scan the target area determined based on the number of beams;

[0032] The sending module is further used to send a second measurement result; the second measurement result is used to indicate the optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0033] On the other hand, a communication device is provided, including: a sending module and a receiving module.

[0034] The transmitting module is configured to transmit a measurement reference signal through multiple beams over a transmission bandwidth; the transmission bandwidth is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signal does not satisfy a QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands; and any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with a different orientation in different sub-frequency bands;

[0035] The receiving module is used to receive the measurement result sent by the second node; the measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet the preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among the multiple beams.

[0036] In yet another aspect, a communication device is provided, including: a measuring module and a sending module.

[0037] The measurement module is configured to measure a measurement reference signal transmitted by the first node through multiple sub-beams of the multiple beams; the transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signal does not satisfy a QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands; any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands;

[0038] The sending module is used to send the measurement result; the measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet the preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among the multiple beams.

[0039] On the other hand, a communication device is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is used to store a computer program; and the processor implements the beam training method described in any of the above aspects when executing the computer program.

[0040] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which computer program instructions are stored. When the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the beam training method described in any of the above aspects is implemented.

[0041] In yet another aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising computer program instructions, which implement the beam training method described in any one of the above aspects when executed by a processor.

[0042] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a beam training method, in which a first node sends a measurement reference signal to a second node through multiple first beams. Reciprocally, the first node can receive a first measurement result sent by the second node, and the first measurement result can indicate the number of beams that meet a preset condition. The first node can determine the target area based on the number of beams, send a measurement reference signal through multiple second beams to scan the target area, and then receive the measurement result of the second node. The number of beams fed back by the second node in the method provided by the present disclosure can reflect the approximate location of the second node. The first node determines the target area to be scanned by the second round of beam scanning through the first round of beam scanning, and then can perform a second round of scanning on the target area in a targeted manner. This can reduce the number of candidate beams and effectively reduce the overhead of beam training in near-field scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings.

[0044] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG2 is a flow chart of a beam training method provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG3 is a flow chart of another beam training method provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a beam scanning method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of beam gain curves at different distances provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of beam curves in different frequency bands provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a QCL relationship provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG8 is a comparative schematic diagram of two implementations provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG9 is a flowchart of another beam training method provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG10 is a schematic flow chart of another beam training method provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of this disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of this disclosure, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0060] It should be noted that in this disclosure, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described in this disclosure as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0061] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0062] In the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or." For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document simply describes an association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exists simultaneously, and B exists alone. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more.

[0063] Massive MIMO is a key technology in the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) mobile communication system. Its core feature is that a large number of antennas are configured on the base station. The base station can use beamforming technology to concentrate the signal power in a specific area to improve signal quality and communication rate. During the beamforming process, in order to determine the optimal beam (that is, the beam pointing closest to the terminal position), beam training is required between the base station and the user equipment (UE). During the beam training process, the base station needs to send multiple beams with different directions, and each beam carries a predefined reference signal. The UE measures the reference signal and feeds back the indication information of each beam, and the base station can then refer to the beam indication information to determine the optimal beam.

[0064] To further enhance communication system performance, ultra-large-scale MIMO is considered a key technology for future mobile communication systems. Deploying hundreds or even thousands of antennas in an ultra-large-scale MIMO system can deliver higher beamforming gain. However, as the antenna array aperture increases, beam training becomes more expensive for the following reasons.

[0065] On the one hand, according to classical antenna theory, the width of the beam main lobe is inversely proportional to the antenna array aperture. Larger antenna arrays narrow the beam main lobe, which means that beam training requires more scans to cover the scan area, resulting in more candidate beam directions and increased beam training overhead. On the other hand, as the antenna array aperture increases, the base station's near-field coverage also increases, making the UE more likely to be located in the near field. Some solutions only consider scenarios where the UE is in the base station's far field. In this scenario, the electromagnetic waves can be considered plane waves, and the beam can only be focused at different angles. However, in scenarios where the UE is in the base station's near field, the electromagnetic waves have spherical wave characteristics, and beam training must consider not only the focusing angle but also the focusing distance. If an exhaustive approach is used to scan all possible angles and distances, the resulting large number of candidate beams will significantly increase beam training overhead.

[0066] To address the problem of excessive beam training overhead, some solutions use a phased approach to beam training. First, the base station sends a small number of wide beams for beam scanning, narrows the possible range of the optimal beam direction based on UE feedback, and sends a narrower beam for beam scanning in the next stage. However, current solutions are all based on far-field scenarios, that is, only considering beam scanning in the angular dimension. These solutions are not applicable to near-field scenarios. Studies have found that when the UE is in the near field, when the base station uses beamforming weights focused on the far field for beam scanning, the UE can measure multiple beams with similar power on multiple beams during measurement. And the more beams there are, the closer the terminal is to the base station.

[0067] Based on this, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a beam training method, in which the first node sends a measurement reference signal to the second node through multiple first beams. Relatively, the first node can receive the first measurement result sent by the second node, and the first measurement result can indicate the number of beams that meet the preset conditions. The first node can determine the target area based on the number of beams, send a measurement reference signal through multiple second beams to scan the target area, and then receive the measurement result of the second node. The number of beams fed back by the second node in the method provided by the present disclosure can reflect the approximate location of the second node. The first node determines the target area to be scanned by the second round of beam scanning through the first round of beam scanning, and then can perform a second round of scanning on the target area in a targeted manner. This can reduce the number of candidate beams and effectively reduce the overhead of beam training in near-field scenarios.

[0068] The network architecture of a mobile communication system (including but not limited to 5G and future 6G mobile communication systems) in the embodiments of the present disclosure may include a first node and a second node. In some examples, the first node may be a base station, and the second node may be a terminal / UE. In other examples, the first node may be a UE, and the second node may be a base station. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0069] The following description is made by taking the first node as a base station and the second node as a terminal as an example.

[0070] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system includes a base station and a user equipment (UE). The base station and the user equipment (UE) may be connected via a wireless network. The wireless network may be supported by a router, a switch, or other device that facilitates communication between the base station and the user equipment (UE), but this embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

[0071] In some embodiments, a base station is used to provide wireless access services to UEs. Specifically, a base station provides a service coverage area (also called a cell). UEs that enter this area can communicate with the base station via wireless signals to receive the wireless access services provided by the base station.

[0072] In some embodiments, the base station may be a millimeter wave base station, an evolution nodeB (eNB), a next generation nodeB (gNB), a transmission receive point (TRP), a transmission point (TP), and some other access node. Depending on the size of the service coverage area provided, the base station can be divided into a macro base station for providing macro cells (Macro cells), a micro base station for providing micro cells (Pico cells), and a femto base station for providing femto cells (Femto cells). With the continuous evolution of wireless communication technology, future base stations may also adopt other names. The signal coverage range of the base station also includes near field and far field, and the UE can be within the near field range or the far field range.

[0073] In some embodiments, the UE may be a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, an in-vehicle device, an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, a laptop computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. The embodiments of the present invention do not limit the specific type of UE.

[0074] It should be understood that FIG1 is an exemplary structural diagram, and the number of devices included in the communication system shown in FIG1 is not limited, for example, the number of base stations is not limited, and the number of UEs is not limited. Furthermore, in addition to the devices shown in FIG1 , the communication system shown in FIG1 may also include other devices, which is not limited.

[0075] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a beam training method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Exemplarily, the beam training method provided by the present disclosure can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1, and specifically to the base station shown in Figure 1.

[0076] As shown in FIG2 , the beam training method provided by the present disclosure may specifically include the following steps:

[0077] S201. A first node sends a sounding reference signal through multiple first beams.

[0078] In some embodiments, in a near-field scenario, the first node can perform angular beam scanning and transmit measurement reference signals via multiple first beams to obtain the UE's angular position. Specifically, the first node employs beamforming weights for focusing on the far field in related technologies to project multiple first beams at different angles.

[0079] It should be noted that the above-mentioned beam scanning in the angular dimension to determine the position of the UE in the angular dimension can be performed in two rounds of scanning according to the solution of the relevant technology, that is, the first node first sends a small number of wide beams for beam scanning, determines the possible range of the UE in the angular dimension based on the measurement results fed back by the UE, and then sends a narrower beam in the next node to perform beam scanning on the possible range to determine the optimal beam direction, that is, the position of the UE in the angular dimension. Alternatively, one round of scanning can be performed to directly use a narrow beam to scan all possible angles to determine the optimal beam direction. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this implementation.

[0080] S202: The first node receives a first measurement result sent by the second node.

[0081] The first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams that meet a preset condition among the multiple first beams, and the optimal beam among the multiple first beams.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first node may receive a first measurement result of a second node measuring multiple first beams. The first measurement result may be used to indicate the optimal beam among the multiple first beams (for example, the first measurement result includes a beam identifier corresponding to the optimal beam), and may also indicate the number of beams that meet preset conditions. The direction of the optimal beam among the first beams reflects the position information of the second node in the angular dimension. The beam meeting the preset conditions means that the beam can be used as a subsequent working beam, and the first node and the second node can communicate through the working beam.

[0083] In some embodiments, the preset condition is that the signal received power corresponding to the beam is greater than a first threshold. Alternatively, the difference between the signal received power corresponding to the beam and the maximum signal received power is less than a second threshold, where the maximum signal received power is the maximum signal received power corresponding to the optimal beam.

[0084] S203: The first node sends a sounding reference signal through multiple second beams.

[0085] The plurality of second beams are used to scan a target area determined based on the number of beams.

[0086] In some embodiments, as described above, the number of beams that meet the preset conditions in the first measurement result can reflect the approximate location of the UE in the range dimension (i.e., the target area). After obtaining the number of beams fed back by the second node, the first node can refer to the number of beams and determine the target area to be scanned based on the number of beams, and then send measurement reference signals through multiple second beams to scan the target area.

[0087] In some embodiments, a larger number of beams indicates that the second node is closer to the first node.

[0088] It should be noted that the specific reasons why the number of beams that meet the preset conditions can reflect the approximate position of the UE in the distance dimension can be found in the description of the relevant content below and will not be elaborated here.

[0089] S204: The first node receives the second measurement result sent by the second node.

[0090] The second measurement result is used to indicate the optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first node may receive a second measurement result of the second node measuring the plurality of second beams. The second measurement result indicates an optimal beam among the plurality of second beams. In other words, the optimal beam reflects the position information of the second node in the distance dimension.

[0092] At this point, through the angular position of the second node determined in S202 above and the distance position of the second node determined in S204, the position of the second node in the angular dimension and distance position and the optimal beam direction pointing to the second node can be accurately determined in the near-field scenario to complete the beam training.

[0093] Figure 3 is a flow chart of another beam training method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Exemplarily, the beam training method provided by the present disclosure can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1, and specifically to the UE in Figure 1.

[0094] As shown in FIG3 , the beam training method provided by the present disclosure may specifically include the following steps:

[0095] S301: A second node measures a measurement reference signal sent by a first node through multiple first beams.

[0096] S302: The second node sends a first measurement result.

[0097] The first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams that meet a preset condition among the multiple first beams, and the optimal beam among the multiple first beams.

[0098] With respect to S301 and S302 above, the second node may measure the multiple first beams of the first node to obtain the received signal power of one or more of the multiple first beams. Furthermore, based on the received signal power of each beam, the second node may determine the number of beams that meet a preset condition and the optimal beam among the multiple first beams. The second node may generate a first measurement result and transmit it to the first node.

[0099] S303: The second node measures the measurement reference signal sent by the first node through multiple second beams.

[0100] S304: The second node sends a second measurement result.

[0101] The second measurement result is used to indicate the optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0102] With respect to S303 and S304 above, the second node may measure the multiple second beams transmitted by the first node to obtain received signal power of one or more of the multiple second beams. Furthermore, the second node may determine an optimal beam among the multiple second beams based on the received signal power of each beam, generate a second measurement result, and transmit it to the first node.

[0103] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a beam training method, in which a first node sends a measurement reference signal to a second node through multiple first beams. Relatively, the first node can receive a first measurement result sent by the second node, and the first measurement result can indicate the number of beams that meet a preset condition. The first node can determine the target area based on the number of beams, send a measurement reference signal through multiple second beams to scan the target area, and then receive the measurement result of the second node. The number of beams fed back by the second node in the method provided by the present disclosure can reflect the approximate location of the second node. The first node determines the target area to be scanned by the second round of beam scanning through the first round of beam scanning, and then can perform a second round of scanning on the target area in a targeted manner. This can reduce the number of candidate beams and effectively reduce the overhead of beam training in near-field scenarios.

[0104] The two rounds of scanning performed by the first node in the above S201 - S204 will be described in detail below with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0105] The following formula is a possible phase shifter weight for beamforming: w = [1,e jο(α+β) ,e jο(2α+4β) ,…,ejο((N-1)α+(N-1)2β)]

[0106] Where w is the phase shifter weight and N is the antenna index.

[0107] The first node can configure multiple channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources for beam training, and one CSI-RS resource corresponds to a beam in one direction. In the first round of beam scanning, the first node sets the parameter β in w to a constant value, and different CSI-RS resources correspond to different parameters α to achieve beam scanning in the angle dimension. In addition, β=0 can be set, so that the beamforming can be focused on the far field, realizing traditional far-field DFT beam scanning. Furthermore, after the second node performs the measurement, the measurement results fed back include not only the CSI-RS resource indication information, but also the number of beams that meet the preset conditions.

[0108] Correspondingly, after receiving the feedback, the first node can determine the approximate distance to the second node based on the number of beams, and then configure the CSI-RS resource to perform the second stage of beam scanning based on the distance.

[0109] In the second round of beam scanning, the first node sets the parameter α in w to a fixed value (the specific value is determined based on the measurement results of the first phase). Different CSI-RS resources are associated with different parameter β, implementing beam scanning in the distance dimension. Furthermore, the second node provides feedback after performing measurements. Accordingly, after receiving the feedback, the first phase determines the optimal direction in the distance dimension.

[0110] In summary, after two stages of beam training, the first stage can determine the direction of the optimal beam ultimately used for data transmission.

[0111] It is understandable that for beam training in near-field scenarios, if the number of candidate beams in the angle dimension is N1 and the number of candidate beams in the distance dimension is N2, then the traditional exhaustive approach requires sending N1*N2 training beams. However, the method provided in this disclosure only requires N1+N3 training beams, where N3 represents the number of values ​​of the parameter β, and N3 is less than N2. Because the base station has already made a preliminary estimate of the UE's distance relative to itself, it does not need to scan all N2 distance dimensions, thereby effectively reducing the overhead of beam training.

[0112] The number of beams that meet the preset conditions can reflect the approximate location of the UE for the following reasons:

[0113] When the UE is in the near field range of the base station, if the base station uses a DFT beam focused on the far field to perform beam scanning, the UE can measure close powers on multiple beams. For example, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of beam scanning provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As can be seen from Figure 4, the base station sends out beams in three different directions, namely beam 1, beam 2 and beam 3. If the UE is located at the angle of beam 2, when the UE is at position 2, that is, close to the base station, the beams are relatively dense, and the signal receiving powers measured by the UE for the three beams are not much different, and all three beams meet the preset conditions. When the UE is at position 1, that is, far away from the base station, the beams are relatively sparse, and the directions of beam 1 and beam 3 deviate far from the UE. Therefore, when the UE performs measurements, it will be found that only beam 2 meets the preset conditions, and the signal receiving power of beam 1 and beam 3 are much lower than the signal receiving power of beam 2.

[0114] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a beam gain curve at different distances provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Figure 5, the horizontal axis represents the sine value sinθ of the angle θ of the UE relative to the base station, and the vertical axis represents the normalized beam gain. The closer it is to 1, the greater the beam gain, that is, the UE can measure a larger signal receiving power. Taking the UE at the position of sinθ=0 as an example, it can be seen from Figure 5 that the figure includes three curves at different distances, namely r=20, r=50 and r=200. For the curve of r=20, it can be seen that the beam sent by the base station at the angle corresponding to sinθ=0 has a beam gain between 0.2 and 0.3 relative to the UE. If the base station sends a beam to the corresponding angles of sinθ=-0.1 and 0.1 respectively, it is equivalent to shifting the curve of r=20 to the left / right by 0.1 units, then the beam gain relative to the UE (i.e. corresponding to sinθ=0) is between 0.2-0.3. Therefore, it can be explained that if the UE is close to the base station, the signal receiving powers of multiple beams are similar and meet the preset conditions.

[0115] In contrast, for the curve with r = 200, it can be seen that if the base station transmits a beam at the angle corresponding to sinθ = 0, the beam gain relative to the UE is 0.9. If the base station transmits a beam at the angle corresponding to sinθ = -0.1 or 0.1, which is equivalent to shifting the r = 200 curve left or right by 0.1 units, the beam gain relative to the UE (i.e., corresponding to sinθ = 0) is between 0 and 0.1, which is significantly different from 0.9. Therefore, if the UE is far from the base station, the number of beams that meet the preset conditions is smaller.

[0116] From the above analysis, it can be seen that the number of beams that meet the preset conditions can reflect the distance between the UE and the base station, and the more beams there are, the closer the UE is to the base station.

[0117] The following describes in detail the two scanning processes in S201 - S204 and S301 - S304 with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, taking into account the “dispersion effect” of the beam.

[0118] As the transmission bandwidth of large-scale antenna arrays increases, the beam will experience the so-called "dispersion effect", that is, the steering vector of the antenna array changes with the subcarrier frequency. Taking the uniform linear array (ULA) as an example, the antenna unit spacing d is usually set to the center frequency wavelength λ c Half of d, that is, d = 0.5λ c , then the steering vector of the antenna array can be expressed as:

[0119] It can be seen that the steering vector a(θ) is related to the subcarrier frequency f mRelated. Some base stations usually implement beamforming based on RF phase shifters, and achieve beam focusing by adjusting the signal phase. The RF phase shifters on the base station side are usually regarded as frequency-independent, that is, the same spatial domain processing is performed on signals of different frequencies within the entire bandwidth, which leads to differences in the orientation of the beams on different subcarriers. This phenomenon is called "beam split" or "beam squint", which is the "dispersion effect" of the beam. Although beam splitting will cause the signal power on the edge subcarriers to decrease, it can achieve differences in the orientation of beams at different frequencies at the same time. Furthermore, if frequency-related devices are used instead of phase shifters to achieve differentiated processing of beams at different frequencies, effective control of beam splitting can be achieved and applied in the process of beam training. By utilizing the characteristics of beam splitting, it is equivalent to a base station being configured to send beams in multiple directions at one time, thereby effectively reducing the time required for beam training.

[0120] In some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-band according to frequency, and the transmission bandwidth is the bandwidth occupied when sending the sounding reference signal. The same sounding reference signal does not satisfy a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship in different divided sub-bands.

[0121] It should be understood that the above-mentioned division step can be performed before S201. Since the dispersion effect is related to the subcarrier frequency, the transmission bandwidth can be divided into different sub-bands according to the frequency size, for example, according to factors such as the transmission bandwidth, the base station operating center frequency, the beam focusing direction, and the beamforming method. Among them, the division standard is that the same measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different sub-bands, or the same measurement parameter signal has different large-scale characteristics in different sub-bands. Therefore, the sub-band can also be called a QCL region. There is no intersection between different QCL regions.

[0122] In some embodiments, when a measurement reference signal is transmitted via a single beam, the beam is split into at least one sub-beam with different orientations across different sub-bands. One sub-beam corresponds to one sub-band. That is, each of the aforementioned first beams can be split into at least one sub-beam across different QCL regions, and each of the aforementioned first beams can also be split into at least one sub-beam across different QCL regions. This is equivalent to the base station transmitting a single beam after a single configuration, and the UE can detect at least one sub-beam resulting from the splitting of the beam.

[0123] In some embodiments, the number of divided QCL regions may be determined by the first node according to signal transmission characteristics.

[0124] For example, if the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the operating center frequency is less than a preset threshold, indicating low dispersion, the first node can divide the entire transmission bandwidth into a single QCL region. If the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the operating center frequency is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, indicating high dispersion and beam splitting, the first node can divide the entire transmission bandwidth into multiple QCL regions.

[0125] For another example, the division of the QCL area can also depend on the beam focusing direction selected by the base station. If the beamforming weight is expressed as [1,e jπdsinθ ,…,ejπ(N-1)sinθ] T , where the larger the value of |sinθ| is, the more obvious the beam splitting caused by the dispersion effect is, and the larger the QCL area that needs to be divided is, and vice versa, the fewer the QCL area that needs to be divided is. For example, FIG6 is a schematic diagram of beam curves at different frequency bands provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in the upper figure of FIG6, when a beam is sent at an angle corresponding to sinθ=0.5, the beam is respectively at a frequency of f c -B / 2,f c , f c On the QCL area corresponding to +B / 2, sub-beams with directions of 0.46, 0.5, and 0.54 are split. As shown in the lower figure in Figure 6, when a beam is sent to the angle corresponding to sinθ=0.1, the beam is at a frequency of f c -B / 2,f c , f c In the QCL region corresponding to +B / 2, sub-beams with directions of 0.09, 0.1, and 0.11 are split. This shows that the larger the value of |sinθ|, the more the directions of the sub-beams split from a beam deviate from the original direction, that is, the more obvious the beam splitting is.

[0126] In some embodiments, after determining at least one sub-frequency band, the first node may inform the second node so that the communicating parties maintain coordination and facilitate the implementation of the beam training scheme disclosed herein. Therefore, the beam training method disclosed herein further includes: the first node sends indication information to the second node, where the indication information indicates how at least one sub-frequency band is divided and the subcarrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band. Accordingly, the second node may receive the indication information from the first node to determine and indicate a sub-frequency band. Alternatively, the first node may autonomously determine at least one sub-frequency band based on the predefined transmission bandwidth of the first node.

[0127] In some embodiments, the indication information may be carried in higher layer signaling or dynamic control signaling.

[0128] In some embodiments, a frequency range of at least one sub-band is greater than or equal to a frequency range of a precoding resource block group (PRG) defined by a relevant protocol.

[0129] It should be understood that, considering the characteristics of the aforementioned QCL regions, a set of large-scale parameters for a reference signal corresponds to one QCL region of the reference signal. This reference signal has different large-scale parameters in different QCL regions. For example, if a reference signal corresponds to N QCL regions, then the reference signal corresponds to N different large-scale parameters, which can be specifically reflected as different beam directions.

[0130] In some embodiments, two reference signals associated with the same TCI state configuration have a QCL relationship in the same sub-band but do not have a QCL relationship in different sub-bands. TCI state is a parameter in the relevant standard that configures the QCL relationship between one or two reference signals.

[0131] It should be noted that in the relevant standards, the QCL relationship is established between two reference signals corresponding to different antenna ports. The presence of a QCL relationship indicates that the wireless channel properties of the reference signals are the same, so the property characteristics of another reference signal can be determined by measuring one reference signal. According to the relevant standards, for a reference signal, the reference signal satisfies the QCL relationship over the entire transmission bandwidth. The present disclosure defines the QCL area and determines that the reference signal satisfies the QCL relationship only within the same QCL area. Therefore, when the base station configures the QCL relationship between two reference signals, only the parts located in the same "QCL area" satisfy the QCL relationship. This definition can facilitate beam training and data transmission.

[0132] For example, the CSI-RS configured by the base station for beam training has a QCL relationship with the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS). As shown in Figure 7 (a), the direction of the CSI-RS beam is different in different QCL areas, so the large-scale parameter results obtained by the UE based on the CSI-RS measurement are different. If the base station uses the DM-RS in QCL area 2 for data demodulation, it must rely on the CSI-RS measurement results in QCL area 2, and cannot rely on the CSI-RS measurement results in QCL area 1. It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 7 (b), the above purpose can also be achieved by independently configuring multiple groups of reference signals in different frequency bands, but the independent configuration scheme needs to associate multiple TCI states, while relying on the division of QCL areas only requires associating one TCI state.

[0133] In one possible implementation, after dividing the transmission bandwidth into at least one QCL region, taking into account the dispersion effect of the beam, the first node transmits multiple first beams, each of which is split into at least one sub-beam in a different QCL region. The second node measures each sub-beam resulting from each split first beam and feeds back the first measurement result. Furthermore, the first node transmits multiple second beams, and the second node measures each sub-beam resulting from each split second beam and feeds back the second measurement result.

[0134] The first measurement result is specifically used to indicate: the number of sub-beams in the multiple first beams that meet the preset conditions, and the optimal sub-beam in the multiple first beams. The second measurement result is specifically used to indicate: the optimal sub-beam in the multiple second beams.

[0135] In addition, because the number of beams transmitted by the first node is inconsistent with the number of beams perceived by the second node, the measurement results fed back by the second node should include sub-band identifiers. Specifically, the first measurement result includes the identifier and received signal power of the sub-band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple first beams. The second measurement result includes the identifier and received signal power of the sub-band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple second beams.

[0136] In another possible implementation, the first node configures a CSI-RS resource for each QCL region, with different CSI-RS resource pairs using different beam orientations. Because the number of beams transmitted by the first node is consistent with the number of beams perceived by the second node, the measurement results fed back by the second node do not need to include the sub-band identifier.

[0137] Figure 8 is a comparative schematic diagram of two implementation methods provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8 (a), the CSI-RS1 sent by the first round of beam scanning occupies the entire transmission bandwidth, and the corresponding beam directions in different QCL areas are different (beam direction 1 and beam direction 2 in the figure). The CSI-RS2 sent by the second round of beam scanning occupies the entire transmission bandwidth, and the corresponding beam directions in different QCL areas are different (beam direction 3 and beam direction 4 in the figure). As shown in Figure 8 (b), each QCL area is configured with its own CSI-RS. The first round of beam scanning sends CSI-RS1 on QCL area 1, corresponding to beam direction 1. CSI-RS2 is sent on QCL area 2, corresponding to beam direction 2. The first round of beam scanning sends CSI-RS3 on QCL area 1, corresponding to beam direction 3. CSI-RS4 is sent on QCL area 2, corresponding to beam direction 4.

[0138] The above content describes the process of beam training in near-field scenarios. Based on the relevant description of the dispersion effect, the following content describes the process of beam training applicable to far-field scenarios.

[0139] Figure 9 is a flow chart of another beam training method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Exemplarily, the beam training method provided by the present disclosure can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1, and specifically to the base station shown in Figure 1.

[0140] As shown in FIG9 , the beam training method provided by the present disclosure may specifically include the following steps:

[0141] S901: A first node sends a measurement reference signal through multiple beams on a transmission bandwidth.

[0142] The transmission bandwidth is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, the measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands, and any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands.

[0143] S902: The first node receives a measurement result sent by the second node.

[0144] The measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among multiple beams.

[0145] In some embodiments, the measurement result includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple beams.

[0146] In some embodiments, the beam training method provided by the present disclosure further includes S903.

[0147] S903: The first node sends indication information to the second node. The indication information is used to indicate the division method of at least one sub-band and the subcarrier range occupied by each sub-band. It should be noted that S903 can be executed before S901, S903 can also be executed after S901, and both can be executed simultaneously. This embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.

[0148] In some embodiments, the indication information is carried in higher layer signaling or dynamic control signaling.

[0149] The relevant descriptions of the above S901-S903 can be found in the above content and will not be repeated here.

[0150] Figure 10 is a flow chart of another beam training method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Exemplarily, the beam training method provided by the present disclosure can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1, and specifically to the UE in Figure 1.

[0151] As shown in FIG10 , the beam training method provided by the present disclosure may specifically include the following steps:

[0152] S1001. A second node measures a measurement reference signal sent by a first node through multiple sub-beams of multiple beams.

[0153] The transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, the measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands, and any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands.

[0154] S1002: The second node sends a measurement result.

[0155] The measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among multiple beams.

[0156] In some embodiments, the beam training method provided by the present disclosure further includes the following S903.

[0157] S1003: Determine at least one sub-frequency band based on the transmission bandwidth. Alternatively, receive indication information from the first node, where the indication information is used to indicate a division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and a subcarrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

[0158] The relevant descriptions of the above S1001-S1003 can be found in the above content and will not be repeated here.

[0159] The beam training method provided by the disclosed embodiments utilizes the phenomenon of beam splitting to enable a first node to simultaneously deploy sub-beams in multiple directions. The corresponding second node can then measure each sub-beam and provide feedback. This allows a single beam to simultaneously scan multiple directions during beam training, effectively reducing beam scanning time and improving beam training efficiency.

[0160] It is understandable that, in order to implement the above functions, the communication device (which may be the first node or the second node) includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should easily appreciate that, in conjunction with the algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in a hardware or computer software driven hardware manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0161] The embodiments of the present disclosure can divide the functional modules of the communication device according to the above-mentioned method embodiments. For example, each functional module can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional module. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematic and is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. The following is an example of dividing each functional module corresponding to each function.

[0162] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, which can execute the beam training method provided in the above method embodiment. As shown in FIG11 , the communication device includes: a sending module 1101 and a receiving module 1102.

[0163] The sending module 1101 is configured to send a measurement reference signal through multiple first beams.

[0164] The receiving module 1102 is used to receive a first measurement result sent by the second node; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams in the multiple first beams that meet a preset condition and the optimal beam in the multiple first beams.

[0165] The sending module 1101 is used to send a measurement reference signal through a plurality of second beams; the plurality of second beams are used to scan a target area determined based on the number of beams.

[0166] The receiving module 1102 is used to receive a second measurement result sent by the second node; the second measurement result is used to indicate an optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0167] In some embodiments, the preset condition is: the signal receiving power corresponding to the beam is greater than a first threshold; or the difference between the signal receiving power corresponding to the beam and the maximum signal receiving power is less than a second threshold.

[0168] In some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-band according to the frequency size, and the transmission bandwidth is the bandwidth occupied when sending the measurement reference signal; the same measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different divided sub-bands.

[0169] In some embodiments, when a measurement reference signal is sent through a beam, the beam is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands; one sub-beam corresponds to one sub-frequency band.

[0170] In some embodiments, the first measurement result is specifically used to indicate: the number of sub-beams in the multiple first beams that meet the preset conditions, and the optimal sub-beam in the multiple first beams; the second measurement result is specifically used to indicate: the optimal sub-beam in the multiple second beams.

[0171] In some embodiments, the first measurement result includes: the identifier of the sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple first beams and the signal receiving power; the second measurement result includes: the identifier of the sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple second beams and the signal receiving power.

[0172] In some embodiments, the frequency range of the at least one sub-band is greater than or equal to the frequency range of the PRG.

[0173] In some embodiments, the sending module 1101 is further used to send indication information to the second node; the indication information is used to indicate the division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and the sub-carrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

[0174] In some embodiments, the indication information is carried in high-layer signaling or dynamic control signaling.

[0175] In some embodiments, two reference signals associated with the same TCI state configuration have a QCL relationship in the same sub-band, but do not have a QCL relationship in different sub-bands.

[0176] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which can execute the beam training method provided by the above method embodiment. As shown in FIG12 , the communication device includes: a measurement module 1201 and a sending module 1202.

[0177] The measurement module 1201 is configured to measure a measurement reference signal sent by a first node through multiple first beams.

[0178] The sending module 1202 is used to send a first measurement result; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams that meet a preset condition among the multiple first beams, and the optimal beam among the multiple first beams.

[0179] The measurement module 1201 is used to measure the measurement reference signal sent by the first node through multiple second beams; the multiple second beams are used to scan a target area determined based on the number of beams.

[0180] The sending module 1202 is used to send a second measurement result; the second measurement result is used to indicate an optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

[0181] In some embodiments, the preset condition is: the signal receiving power corresponding to the beam is greater than a first threshold; or the difference between the signal receiving power corresponding to the beam and the maximum signal receiving power is less than a second threshold.

[0182] In some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-band according to the frequency size, and the transmission bandwidth is the bandwidth occupied when sending the measurement reference signal; the same measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different divided sub-bands.

[0183] In some embodiments, when a measurement reference signal is sent through a beam, the beam is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands; one sub-beam corresponds to one sub-frequency band.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first measurement result is specifically used to indicate: the number of sub-beams that meet preset conditions in multiple first beams, and the optimal sub-beam in multiple first beams; the second measurement result is specifically used to indicate: the optimal sub-beam in multiple second beams.

[0185] In some embodiments, the first measurement result includes: the identifier and signal reception power of the sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple first beams; the second measurement result includes: the identifier and signal reception power of the sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple second beams.

[0186] In some embodiments, the frequency range of at least one sub-band is greater than or equal to the frequency range of the PRG.

[0187] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a determining module 1203. The determining module 1203 is configured to determine at least one sub-frequency band based on the transmission bandwidth; or the apparatus further includes a receiving module 1203. The receiving module 1203 is configured to receive indication information from the first node; the indication information is configured to indicate a division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and a subcarrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

[0188] In some embodiments, the indication information is carried in higher layer signaling or dynamic control signaling.

[0189] In some embodiments, two reference signals associated with the same TCI state configuration have a QCL relationship in the same sub-band, but do not have a QCL relationship in different sub-bands.

[0190] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which can execute the beam training method provided by the above method embodiment. As shown in FIG13 , the communication device includes: a sending module 1301 and a receiving module 1302.

[0191] The sending module 1301 is used to send a measurement reference signal through multiple beams on a transmission bandwidth; the transmission bandwidth is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands; any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands.

[0192] The receiving module 1302 is used to receive the measurement result sent by the second node; the measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet the preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among the multiple beams.

[0193] In some embodiments, the measurement result includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple beams.

[0194] In some embodiments, the sending module is further used to send indication information to the second node; the indication information is used to indicate the division method of at least one sub-frequency band and the sub-carrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

[0195] In some embodiments, the indication information is carried in higher layer signaling or dynamic control signaling.

[0196] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which can execute the beam training method provided by the above method embodiment. As shown in FIG14 , the communication device includes: a measurement module 1401 and a sending module 1402.

[0197] The measurement module 1401 is used to measure the measurement reference signal sent by the first node through multiple sub-beams of multiple beams; the transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands; any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands.

[0198] The sending module 1402 is used to send a measurement result; the measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet the preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among the multiple beams.

[0199] In some embodiments, the measurement result further includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple beams.

[0200] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a determination module 1403. Determination module 1403 is configured to determine at least one sub-frequency band based on the transmission bandwidth. Alternatively, the apparatus further includes a receiving module 1403. Receiving module 1403 is configured to receive indication information from the first node; the indication information is configured to indicate a division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and a subcarrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

[0201] The present disclosure provides a communication system including a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is configured to execute the method described in S201-S204, and the second node is configured to execute the method described in S301-S304. Alternatively, the first node is configured to execute the method described in S901-S903, and the second node is configured to execute the method described in S1001-S1003.

[0202] In the case of implementing the functions of the above-mentioned integrated modules in hardware, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide another possible structure of the communication device involved in the above-mentioned embodiments. As shown in Figure 15, the communication device 150 includes: a processor 1502 and a bus 1504. Optionally, the electronic device or communication device may also include a memory 1501; optionally, the electronic device or communication device may also include a communication interface 1503.

[0203] Processor 1502 may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 1502 may be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 1502 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, or a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor.

[0204] The communication interface 1503 is used to connect to other devices via a communication network, such as Ethernet, wireless access network, or wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0205] The memory 1501 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0206] As a possible implementation, the memory 1501 may exist independently of the processor 1502. The memory 1501 may be connected to the processor 1502 via a bus 1504 for storing instructions or program codes. When the processor 1502 calls and executes the instructions or program codes stored in the memory 1501, the access method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented.

[0207] In another possible implementation, the memory 1501 may also be integrated with the processor 1502 .

[0208] Bus 1504 can be an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 1504 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, FIG15 shows only one thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0209] In some embodiments, the memory 1501 stores executable instructions. When the processor 1502 executes the executable instructions, the communication device executes the beam training method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0210] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium), which stores computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the beam training method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0211] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes, etc.), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). The various computer-readable storage media described in the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media for storing information. The term "machine-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0212] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product comprising instructions. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the beam training method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0213] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A beam training method, characterized in that: Applied to the first node, the method comprises: Sending a measurement reference signal via a plurality of first beams; receiving a first measurement result sent by a second node; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams in the plurality of first beams that meet a preset condition and an optimal beam in the plurality of first beams; Sending a measurement reference signal through a plurality of second beams; the plurality of second beams are used to scan a target area determined based on the number of the beams; A second measurement result sent by the second node is received; the second measurement result is used to indicate an optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preset conditions are: The signal receiving power corresponding to the beam is greater than the first threshold; or, The difference between the signal receiving power corresponding to the beam and the maximum signal receiving power is less than the second threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-frequency band according to the frequency size, and the transmission bandwidth is the bandwidth occupied when sending the measurement reference signal; The same measurement reference signal does not satisfy the quasi-co-site QCL relationship in the different divided sub-frequency bands.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that When a measurement reference signal is sent through a beam, the beam is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands; one sub-beam corresponds to one sub-frequency band.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first measurement result is used to indicate: the number of sub-beams in the multiple first beams that meet the preset condition, and the best sub-beam in the multiple first beams; The second measurement result is used to indicate: a best sub-beam among the multiple second beams.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The first measurement result includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the plurality of first beams and a signal receiving power; The second measurement result includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple second beams and a signal receiving power.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The frequency range of the at least one sub-frequency band is greater than or equal to the frequency range of the precoding resource block group PRG.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The method further comprises: Send indication information to the second node; the indication information is used to indicate the division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and the sub-carrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The indication information is carried in high-level signaling or dynamic control signaling.

10. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two reference signals associated with the same TCI state configuration have a QCL relationship in the same sub-band, but do not have a QCL relationship in different sub-bands.

11. A beam training method, characterized in that: Applied to the second node, the method comprises: measuring a measurement reference signal sent by the first node through a plurality of first beams; Sending a first measurement result; the first measurement result is used to indicate the number of beams in the multiple first beams that meet a preset condition and the optimal beam in the multiple first beams; measuring a measurement reference signal sent by the first node through a plurality of second beams; the plurality of second beams are used to scan a target area determined based on the number of the beams; Send a second measurement result; the second measurement result is used to indicate the optimal beam among the multiple second beams.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The preset conditions are: The signal receiving power corresponding to the beam is greater than the first threshold; or, The difference between the signal receiving power corresponding to the beam and the maximum signal receiving power is less than the second threshold.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-frequency band according to the frequency size, and the transmission bandwidth is the bandwidth occupied when sending the measurement reference signal; The same measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in the different divided sub-frequency bands.

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that When a measurement reference signal is sent through a beam, the beam is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands; one sub-beam corresponds to one sub-frequency band.

15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The first measurement result is used to indicate: the number of sub-beams in the multiple first beams that meet the preset condition, and the best sub-beam in the multiple first beams; The second measurement result is used to indicate: a best sub-beam among the multiple second beams.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The first measurement result includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the plurality of first beams and a signal receiving power; The second measurement result includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple second beams and a signal receiving power.

17. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The frequency range of the at least one sub-frequency band is greater than or equal to the frequency range of the precoding resource block group PRG.

18. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on the transmission bandwidth, determining the at least one sub-frequency band; or, Receive indication information from the first node; the indication information is used to indicate the division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and the sub-carrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The indication information is carried in high-level signaling or dynamic control signaling.

20. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that Two reference signals associated with the same TCI state configuration have a QCL relationship in the same sub-band, but do not have a QCL relationship in different sub-bands.

21. A beam training method, characterized in that: Applied to the first node, the method comprises: Sending a measurement reference signal through multiple beams on a transmission bandwidth; the transmission bandwidth is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signal does not satisfy the QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands; any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands; A measurement result sent by the second node is received; the measurement result is used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet a preset condition and the best sub-beam among the multiple beams.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The measurement result includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple beams.

23. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending indication information to the second node; the indication information is used to indicate the division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and the division of each sub-frequency band Occupies the subcarrier range.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that The indication information is carried in high-level signaling or dynamic control signaling.

25. A beam training method, characterized in that: Applied to the second node, the method comprises: Measuring a measurement reference signal sent by a first node through multiple sub-beams of multiple beams on a transmission bandwidth; the transmission bandwidth of the first node is divided into at least one sub-frequency band, and the measurement reference signal does not satisfy a QCL relationship in different sub-frequency bands; any one of the multiple beams is split into at least one sub-beam with different directions in different sub-frequency bands; Sending measurement results; the measurement results are used to indicate the number of sub-beams that meet preset conditions and the optimal sub-beam among the multiple beams.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The measurement result also includes: an identifier of a sub-frequency band corresponding to each sub-beam in the multiple beams.

27. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on the transmission bandwidth, determining the at least one sub-frequency band; or, Receive indication information from the first node; the indication information is used to indicate the division method of the at least one sub-frequency band and the sub-carrier range occupied by each sub-frequency band.

28. A communication device, characterized in that: include: a processor and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; The processor is configured to execute the instructions so that the communication device performs the beam training method as described in any one of claims 1-20 or 21-27.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device executes the beam training method according to any one of claims 1-20 or 21-27.

Images