Method for communication via mobile base station

Abstract

Provided is a method by which a PCF communicates. The method comprises the steps of: performing a registration procedure with a VPLMN; performing a PDU session establishment procedure with the VPLMN; transmitting an NG configuration request to an AMF of the HPLMN through a PDU session, wherein the NG configuration request includes information notifying that the mobile base station operates as a base station that moves for an arbitrary UE; receiving an NG configuration response from the AMF on the basis of the NG configuration request, wherein the NG configuration response includes charging information indicating that an additional charge is imposed on the arbitrary UE when the arbitrary UE receives a service from the HPLMN via the mobile base station; broadcasting an SIB for the HPLMN on the basis of the NG configuration response, wherein the SIB includes the charging information; and receiving a registration request message from a specific UE on the basis of the SIB.

Description

Communication method via mobile base station

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communications.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communications. Numerous approaches have been proposed to achieve LTE's goals of reducing costs for users and operators, improving service quality, expanding coverage, and increasing system capacity. 3GPP LTE's high-level requirements include reduced cost per bit, improved service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple architecture, open interfaces, and adequate power consumption for terminals.

[0003] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP have begun work on developing requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components necessary to successfully standardize NR in a timely manner, meeting both urgent market needs and the longer-term requirements outlined by the ITU-R (ITU radio communication sector) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. NR must also be able to utilize any spectrum band up to at least 100 GHz, ensuring that it remains available for wireless communications well into the future.

[0004] NR aims to be a single technology framework that addresses all deployment scenarios, usage scenarios, and requirements, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). NR must be inherently forward-compatible.

[0005] When a terminal communicates with HPLMN through a mobile base station, an issue of additional charges arises.

[0006] The mobile base station broadcasts information via SIB that additional charges will be incurred.

[0007] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0008] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0009] Figure 3 shows an example of a UE to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0010] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a next-generation mobile communications network.

[0011] Figure 5 shows an example of a 5G system structure to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0012] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate examples of registration procedures to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0013] Figures 8 and 9 illustrate examples of a PDU session establishment procedure to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0014] Figure 10 shows an example of the architecture of a mobile base station.

[0015] Figure 11 shows an example of an architecture in which both the underlay and overlay of a mobile base station are home networks.

[0016] Figure 12 shows an example of an architecture where the underlay of a mobile base station is a visited network and the overlay is a home network.

[0017] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a procedure according to the disclosure of this specification.

[0018] Figure 14 illustrates the procedure of a mobile base station for the disclosure of this specification.

[0019] Figure 15 illustrates the AMF's procedure for the disclosure of this specification.

[0020] The following techniques, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented via wireless technologies such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented via wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long-term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL). Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-A (advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (new radio).

[0021] For convenience of explanation, the implementation of this specification is primarily described in relation to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, the following detailed description is provided based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, aspects of this specification that are not limited to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system can be applied to other mobile communication systems.

[0022] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to this specification.

[0023] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0024] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0025] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0026] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”. Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C”.

[0027] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0028] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0029] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0030] Hereinafter, the present specification will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and / or description, the same reference numbers may refer to the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.

[0031] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0032] The 5G usage scenario shown in FIG. 1 is only an example, and the technical features of this specification can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not shown in FIG. 1.

[0033] The three main requirement categories for 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).

[0034] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (1) includes wireless devices (100a to 100f), a base station (BS; 200), and a network (300). FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of a network of the communication system (1), but the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to a 5G system and can be applied to future communication systems beyond the 5G system.

[0035] The base station (200) and the network (300) may be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device may operate as a base station / network node in relation to other wireless devices.

[0036] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) refer to devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may also be referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may include, but are not limited to, robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), portable devices (100d), home appliances (100e), IoT devices (100f), and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles having wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices, and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs) and heads-up displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signs, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0037] In this specification, wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving functions, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a 5G service-related device, or a 4th industrial revolution-related device.

[0038] For example, a UAV may be an aircraft that is unmanned and navigated by radio control signals.

[0039] For example, a VR device may include a device for implementing objects or backgrounds in a virtual environment. For example, an AR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, an MR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them with objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device that implements 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing three-dimensional information using the light interference phenomenon that occurs when two laser lights, called holograms, meet.

[0040] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or imaging device that can be worn on the user's body.

[0041] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. Examples include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0042] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used for diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or damage. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a therapeutic device, a driving device, an (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid, or a surgical device.

[0043] For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent potential hazards and maintain safety. For example, a security device may be a camera, closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0044] For example, a fintech device may be a device capable of providing financial services, such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a point-of-sale system.

[0045] For example, a weather / environment device may include a device that monitors or predicts the weather / environment.

[0046] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a network after 5G. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (200) / network (300). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Additionally, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0047] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and / or between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and a base station (200) and / or between base stations (200). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, device-to-device (D2D) communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the base station (200) can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of the various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of this specification.

[0048] AI is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0049] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making decisions, and performing actions on its own can be called an intelligent robot. Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with a drive unit, including an actuator or motor, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots include wheels, brakes, and propellers in their drive unit, enabling them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0050] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving on one's own, while autonomous vehicles refer to vehicles that drive without, or with minimal, user intervention. For example, autonomous driving can include technologies such as lane keeping, automatic speed control like adaptive cruise control, autonomous driving along a set route, and autonomous driving based on a set destination. Vehicles encompass all types of vehicles: those with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles with only electric motors. These vehicles can include not only cars but also trains and motorcycles. Autonomous vehicles can be viewed as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0051] Extended reality is a general term for VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology provides virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a CG technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world. MR technology is similar to AR in that it displays real and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference: while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects equally.

[0052] NR supports multiple numerologies, or subcarrier spacing (SCS), to support diverse 5G services. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; an SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and an SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0053] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) can be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in NR systems, FR1 can mean the "sub-6GHz range," and FR2 can mean the "above 6GHz range," which can be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0054] Frequency Range DefinitionFrequency RangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0055] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands may be used for various purposes, such as for communications for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0056] Frequency Range DefinitionFrequency RangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0057] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (low power wide area network) technology and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced MTC). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE MTC, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0058] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0059] In FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and / or the second wireless device (200) may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service. For example, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the base station (200)}, {the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the wireless devices (100a to 100f)}, and / or {the base station (200) and the base station (200)} of FIG. 1. The first wireless device (100) and / or the second wireless device (200) may be configured by various components, devices / parts, and / or modules.

[0060] The first wireless device (100) may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (106), at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip (101), and / or one or more antennas (108).

[0061] The processing chip (101) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (102), and at least one memory, such as a memory (104). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (104) may be located external to the processing chip (101).

[0062] The processor (102) may control the memory (104) and / or the transceiver (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal and transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). The processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106) and store information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memory (104).

[0063] A memory (104) may be operatively connected to the processor (102). The memory (104) may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory (104) may store firmware and / or software code (105) that implements code, instructions and / or sets of instructions that, when executed by the processor (102), perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the firmware and / or software code (105) may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor (102), perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the firmware and / or software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more air interface protocol layers.

[0064] Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). Each transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present specification, the first wireless device (100) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0065] The second wireless device (200) may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (206), at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip (201), and / or one or more antennas (208).

[0066] The processing chip (201) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (202), and at least one memory, such as a memory (204). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (204) may be located external to the processing chip (201).

[0067] The processor (202) may control the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signal and transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signal via the transceiver (206). The processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signal via the transceiver (206) and store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signal in the memory (204).

[0068] A memory (204) may be operatively connected to the processor (202). The memory (204) may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory (204) may store firmware and / or software code (205) that implements instruction codes, commands and / or sets of instructions that, when executed by the processor (202), perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the firmware and / or software code (205) may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor (202), perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the firmware and / or software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more air interface protocol layers.

[0069] Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). Each transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with the RF unit. In the present specification, the second wireless device (200) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0070] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs), one or more service data units (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0071] The one or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, and / or a microcomputer. The one or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, and / or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors (102, 202). For example, the one or more processors (102, 202) may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphic processing unit (GPU), and a memory control processor.

[0072] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, hard drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0073] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, wireless signals, etc., to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, wireless signals, etc. from one or more other devices.

[0074] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208). Additionally and / or alternatively, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include one or more antennas (108, 208). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein via one or more antennas (108, 208). In the present specification, one or more antennas (108, 208) may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0075] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or a filter. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may up-convert an OFDM baseband signal to an OFDM signal via an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal via an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202).

[0076] Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, the wireless device (100, 200) may further include additional components. The additional components (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device (100, 200). For example, the additional components (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The additional components (140) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0077] In the implementation of the present specification, a UE can operate as a transmitter in the uplink (UL) and as a receiver in the downlink (DL). In the implementation of the present specification, a base station can operate as a receiver in the UL and as a transmitter in the DL. For the sake of convenience of description, it is mainly assumed below that the first wireless device (100) operates as a UE and the second wireless device (200) operates as a base station. For example, a processor (102) connected to, mounted on, or released in the first wireless device (100) can be configured to perform UE operations according to the implementation of the present specification or to control a transceiver (106) to perform UE operations according to the implementation of the present specification. A processor (202) connected to, mounted on, or released in the second wireless device (200) can be configured to perform base station operations according to the implementation of the present specification or to control a transceiver (206) to perform base station operations according to the implementation of the present specification.

[0078] In this specification, a base station may be referred to as a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0079] Figure 3 shows an example of a UE to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0080] Figure 3 shows an example of a UE to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 3, the UE (100) can correspond to the first wireless device (100) of FIG. 2.

[0082] The UE (100) includes a processor (102), memory (104), a transceiver (106), one or more antennas (108), a power management module (141), a battery (142), a display (143), a keypad (144), a SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) card (145), a speaker (146), and a microphone (147).

[0083] The processor (102) may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. The processor (102) may be configured to control one or more other components of the UE (100) to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. A layer of a radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor (102). The processor (102) may include an ASIC, other chipsets, logic circuits and / or data processing devices. The processor (102) may be an application processor. The processor (102) may include at least one of a DSP, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor (102) is the SNAPDRAGON manufactured by Qualcomm®. TM Series processors, EXYNOS made by Samsung® TM Series processors, A-series processors made by Apple®, HELIO made by MediaTek® TM ATOM series processors made by Intel® TM It can be found in the series processors or the corresponding next-generation processors.

[0084] Memory (104) is operatively coupled to the processor (102) and stores various information for operating the processor (102). Memory (104) may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and / or other storage devices. When the implementation is implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. The modules may be stored in memory (104) and executed by the processor (102). Memory (104) may be implemented within the processor (102) or external to the processor (102), in which case it may be communicatively coupled to the processor (102) via various methods known in the art.

[0085] A transceiver (106) is operably coupled to the processor (102) and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver (106) includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver (106) may include a baseband circuit for processing a radio frequency signal. The transceiver (106) controls one or more antennas (108) to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.

[0086] The power management module (141) manages the power of the processor (102) and / or the transceiver (106). The battery (142) supplies power to the power management module (141).

[0087] The display (143) outputs the results processed by the processor (102). The keypad (144) receives input to be used by the processor (102). The keypad (144) can be displayed on the display (143).

[0088] A SIM card (145) is an integrated circuit that securely stores an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and associated keys, and is used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers. Additionally, many SIM cards can store contact information.

[0089] The speaker (146) outputs sound-related results processed by the processor (102). The microphone (147) receives sound-related input to be used by the processor (102).

[0090] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a next-generation mobile communications network.

[0091] 5GC (5G Core) may include various components, and in FIG. 5, some of them include AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) (410), SMF (Session Management Function) (420), PCF (Policy Control Function) (430), UPF (User Plane Function) (440), AF (Application Function) (450), UDM (Unified Data Management) (460), and N3IWF (Non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Inter Working Function) (490).

[0092] The UE (100) is connected to a data network via UPF (440) through a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) including a gNB (20).

[0093] The UE (100) can also receive data services via untrusted non-3GPP access, such as a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). To connect the non-3GPP access to the core network, an N3IWF (490) may be deployed.

[0094] The illustrated N3IWF (490) performs the function of managing interworking between non-3GPP access and 5G system. When UE (100) is connected to non-3GPP access (e.g., WiFi, referred to as IEEE 801.11), UE (100) can be connected to 5G system through N3IWF (490). N3IWF (490) performs control signaling with AMF (410) and is connected to UPF (440) through N3 interface for data transmission.

[0095] The illustrated AMF (410) can manage access and mobility in a 5G system. The AMF (410) can perform functions to manage Non-Access Stratum (NAS) security. The AMF (410) can perform functions to handle mobility in the idle state.

[0096] The illustrated UPF (440) is a type of gateway through which user data is transmitted and received. The UPF node (440) can perform all or part of the user plane functions of the S-GW (Serving Gateway) and P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway) of 4th generation mobile communications.

[0097] The UPF (440) acts as a boundary point between the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) and the core network, and is an element that maintains a data path between the gNB (20) and the SMF (420). In addition, when the UE (100) moves across the area served by the gNB (20), the UPF (440) acts as a mobility anchor point. The UPF (440) can perform a function of handling PDUs. For mobility within the NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network defined after 3GPP Release-15), the UPF can route packets. Additionally, the UPF (440) may also function as an anchor point for mobility with other 3GPP networks (RANs defined before 3GPP Release-15, e.g., UTRAN, E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access Network)) or GERAN (GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) / EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) Radio Access Network). The UPF (440) may correspond to a termination point of a data interface toward a data network.

[0098] The illustrated PCF (430) is a node that controls the business operator's policy.

[0099] The illustrated AF (450) is a server for providing various services to the UE (100).

[0100] The illustrated UDM (460) is a type of server that manages subscriber information, such as the HSS (Home Subscriber Server) of 4th generation mobile communications. The UDM (460) stores and manages the subscriber information in a Unified Data Repository (UDR).

[0101] The illustrated SMF (420) can perform the function of allocating an IP (Internet Protocol) address of the UE. In addition, the SMF (420) can control a PDU (protocol data unit) session.

[0102] For reference, the drawing symbols for AMF (410), SMF (420), PCF (430), UPF (440), AF (450), UDM (460), N3IWF (490), gNB (20), or UE (100) may be omitted below.

[0103] 5G mobile communications support multiple numerologies, or subcarrier spacing (SCS), to support diverse 5G services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands. A 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS supports dense urban environments, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. An SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0104] Figure 5 shows an example of a 5G system structure to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0105] The 5G system (5GS; 5G system) structure consists of the following network functions (NF; Network Function).

[0106] - AUSF (Authentication Server Function)

[0107] - AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function)

[0108] - DN (Data Network), 예를 들어 운영자 서비스, 인터넷 접속 또는 타사 서비스

[0109] - USDF (Unstructured Data Storage Function)

[0110] - NEF (Network Exposure Function)

[0111] - I-NEF (Intermediate NEF)

[0112] - NRF (Network Repository Function)

[0113] - NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function)

[0114] - PCF (Policy Control Function)

[0115] - SMF (Session Management Function)

[0116] - UDM (Unified Data Management)

[0117] - UDR (Unified Data Repository)

[0118] - UPF (User Plane Function)

[0119] - UCMF (UE radio Capability Management Function)

[0120] - AF (Application Function)

[0121] - UE (User Equipment)

[0122] - (R)AN ((Radio) Access Network)

[0123] - 5G-EIR (5G-Equipment Identity Register)

[0124] - NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function)

[0125] - CHF (CHarging Function)

[0126] Additionally, the following network features may be considered:

[0127] - N3IWF (Non-3GPP InterWorking Function)

[0128] - TNGF (Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function)

[0129] - W-AGF (Wireline Access Gateway Function)

[0130] Figure 5 illustrates the 5G system architecture for a non-roaming case using a reference point representation showing how various network functions interact with each other.

[0131] For clarity of the point-to-point diagram in Figure 5, UDSF, NEF, and NRF are not illustrated. However, all network functions shown can interact with UDSF, UDR, NEF, and NRF as needed.

[0132] For clarity, the connection between UDR and other NFs (e.g., PCF) is not shown in Fig. 4. For clarity, the connection between NWDAF and other NFs (e.g., PCF) is not shown in Fig. 4.

[0133] The 5G system architecture includes the following benchmarks:

[0134] - N1: Reference point between UE and AMF.

[0135] - N2: Reference point between (R)AN and AMF.

[0136] - N3: Reference point between (R)AN and UPF.

[0137] - N4: Reference point between SMF and UPF.

[0138] - N6: Reference point between UPF and data network.

[0139] - N9: Reference point between two UPFs.

[0140] The following benchmarks illustrate the interactions that exist between NF services in NF.

[0141] - N5: Reference point between PCF and AF.

[0142] - N7: Reference point between SMF and PCF.

[0143] - N8: Reference point between UDM and AMF.

[0144] - N10: Reference point between UDM and SMF.

[0145] - N11: Reference point between AMF and SMF.

[0146] - N12: Reference point between AMF and AUSF.

[0147] - N13: Reference point between UDM and AUSF.

[0148] - N14: Reference point between two AMFs.

[0149] - N15: Reference point between PCF and AMF for non-roaming scenarios, and reference point between PCF and AMF of visited network for roaming scenarios.

[0150] - N16: Reference point between two SMFs (in case of roaming, between the SMF of the visited network and the SMF of the home network)

[0151] - N22: Reference point between AMF and NSSF.

[0152] In some cases, two NFs may need to be interconnected to serve a UE.

[0153] <Registration Procedure>

[0154] Describes the registration procedure. See section 4.2.2.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V16.3.0 (2019-12).

[0155] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate examples of registration procedures to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0156] A UE must register with the network to receive services, enable mobility tracking, and enable reachability. The UE initiates the registration process using one of the following registration types:

[0157] - Initial registration for 5GS; or

[0158] - mobility registration update; or

[0159] - Periodic registration update; or

[0160] - Emergency registration

[0161] The general registration procedures of Figures 6 and 7 apply to all registration procedures described above, but periodic registration updates do not need to include all parameters used in other registration procedures.

[0162] The general registration procedures of Figures 6 and 7 can also be used when registering for a 3GPP connection when the UE is already registered for a non-3GPP connection, and vice versa. Registering for a 3GPP connection when the UE is already registered for a non-3GPP connection scenario may require an AMF change.

[0163] First, the procedure of Fig. 6 is described.

[0164] (1) Step 1: The UE transmits a Registration Request message to the (R)AN. The Registration Request message corresponds to an AN message.

[0165] The registration request message may include AN parameters. For NG-RAN, the AN parameters include, for example, the 5G SAE temporary mobile subscriber identity (5G-S-TMSI) or globally unique AMF ID (GUAMI), the selected public land mobile network (PLMN) ID (or PLMN ID and network identifier (NID)), and the requested network slice selection assistance information (NSSAI). The AN parameters also include an establishment cause. The establishment cause provides the reason for requesting establishment of an RRC connection. Whether and how the UE includes the requested NSSAI as part of the AN parameters depends on the value of the access stratum connection establishment NSSAI inclusion mode parameter.

[0166] A registration request message may include a registration type. The registration type indicates whether the UE wants to perform an initial registration (i.e., the UE is in RM-DEREGISTERED state), or a mobility registration update (i.e., the UE is in RM-REGISTERED state and the registration procedure is initiated because the UE moves, or the UE wants to update its capabilities or protocol parameters, or because the UE requests a change in the set of network slices it is allowed to use), or a periodic registration update (i.e., the UE is in RM-REGISTERED state and the registration procedure is initiated because the periodic registration update timer has expired), or an emergency registration (i.e., the UE is in restricted service state).

[0167] When a UE performs initial registration, the UE indicates its UE ID in the registration request message, listed in decreasing priority order.

[0168] i) If the UE has a valid evolved packet system (EPS) globally unique temporary identifier (GUTI), 5G-GUTI mapped from the EPS GUTI;

[0169] ii) Native 5G-GUTI (if available) allocated by the PLMN in which the UE is attempting to register;

[0170] iii) Native 5G-GUTI allocated by a PLMN equivalent to the PLMN in which the UE is attempting to register;

[0171] iv) Native 5G-GUTI allocated by another PLMN (if available);

[0172] v) Otherwise, the UE includes a subscriber concealed identifier (SUCI) in the registration request message.

[0173] If a UE performing initial registration has both a valid EPS GUTI and a native 5G-GUTI, the UE also indicates the native 5G-GUTI as an additional GUTI. If more than one native 5G-GUTI is available, the UE selects a 5G-GUTI from items (ii)-(iv) in decreasing priority order in the list above.

[0174] When the UE performs initial registration with native 5G-GUTI, the UE indicates the relevant GUAMI information in the AN parameters. When the UE performs initial registration with SUCI, the UE does not indicate the GUAMI information in the AN parameters.

[0175] For emergency registration, if the UE does not have a valid 5G-GUTI, the SUCI is included. If the UE does not have a subscriber permanent identifier (SUPI) and does not have a valid 5G-GUTI, the PEI (Permanent Equipment Identifier) ​​is included. Otherwise, the 5G-GUTI is included, indicating the last serving AMF.

[0176] The registration request message may also include security parameters, PDU session status, etc. Security parameters are used for authentication and integrity protection. The PDU session status indicates a previously established PDU session in the UE. When the UE is connected to two AMFs belonging to different PLMNs via a 3GPP connection and a non-3GPP connection, the PDU session status indicates the PDU session currently established in the PLMN in the UE.

[0177] (2) Step 2: (R)AN selects AMF.

[0178] If 5G-S-TMSI or GUAMI is not included, or if 5G-S-TMSI or GUAMI does not indicate a valid AMF, the (R)AN selects an AMF based on the (R)AT and the requested NSSAI, if available.

[0179] When the UE is in CM-CONNECTED state, (R)AN can forward a registration request message to AMF based on the UE's N2 connection.

[0180] If the (R)AN cannot select an appropriate AMF, the (R)AN performs AMF selection by forwarding a registration request message to the AMF configured in the (R)AN.

[0181] (3) Step 3: (R)AN sends a registration request message to the new AMF. The registration request message corresponds to the N2 message.

[0182] The registration request message may contain all of the information and / or part of the information contained in the registration request message received from the UE described in step 1.

[0183] The registration request message may include an N2 parameter. When NG-RAN is used, the N2 parameter includes the selected PLMN ID (or PLMN ID and NID), location information and cell ID related to the cell where the UE is camping, and a UE context request indicating that a UE context including security information should be established in the NG-RAN. When NG-RAN is used, the N2 parameter also includes an establishment cause.

[0184] If the registration type indicated by the UE is periodic registration update, steps 4-19 described below may be omitted.

[0185] (4) Step 4: If the UE's 5G-GUTI is included in the registration request message and the serving AMF has changed since the last registration procedure, the new AMF may invoke the Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer service operation to the previous AMF, including the full registration request non-access stratum (NAS) message to request the UE's SUPI and UE context.

[0186] (5) Step 5: The old AMF can respond to the new AMF for the Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer call including the UE's SUPI and UE context.

[0187] (6) Step 6: If SUCI is not provided by the UE or not retrieved from the previous AMF, the new AMF may initiate an ID request procedure by sending an Identity Request message to request SUCI from the UE.

[0188] (7) Step 7: The UE may respond with an Identity Response message including the SUCI. The UE derives the SUCI using the provided public key of the home PLMN (HPLMN).

[0189] (8) Step 8: The new AMF may decide to initiate UE authentication by calling the AUSF. In this case, the new AMF selects the AUSF based on SUPI or SUCI.

[0190] (9) Step 9: Authentication / security can be established by UE, new AMF, AUSF and / or UDM.

[0191] (10) Step 10: If the AMF has changed, the new AMF may call the Namf_Communication_RegistrationCompleteNotify service operation to notify the old AMF that the UE registration with the new AMF is complete. If the authentication / security procedure fails, the registration is rejected and the new AMF may call the Namf_Communication_RegistrationCompleteNotify service operation with a reject indication reason code to the old AMF. The old AMF may continue as if the UE context transfer service operation was not received.

[0192] (11) Step 11: If the PEI was not provided by the UE or was not retrieved from the previous AMF, the new AMF may initiate the ID request procedure by sending an Identity Request message to the UE to retrieve the PEI. The PEI is transmitted encrypted, except when the UE performs emergency registration and cannot be authenticated.

[0193] (12) Step 12: Optionally, the new AMF can initiate ME ID checking by calling the N5g-eir_EquipmentIdentityCheck_Get service operation.

[0194] Now, the procedure of Fig. 7 following the procedure of Fig. 6 is described.

[0195] (13) Step 13: If step 14 below is performed, the new AMF can select a UDM based on SUPI, and the UDM can select a UDR instance.

[0196] (14) Step 14: New AMFs can be registered with UDM.

[0197] (15) Step 15: New AMF can select PCF.

[0198] (16) Step 16: The new AMF may optionally perform AM policy association establishment / modification.

[0199] (17) Step 17: The new AMF can send update / release SM context messages (e.g., Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext and / or Nsmf_PDUSession_ReleaseSMContext) to the SMF.

[0200] (18) Step 18: If the new AMF and the old AMF are in the same PLMN, the new AMF may send a UE context modification request to the N3IWF / TNGF / W-AGF.

[0201] (19) Step 19: N3IWF / TNGF / W-AGF may send a UE context modification response to the new AMF.

[0202] (20) Step 20: After the new AMF receives the response message from N3IWF / TNGF / W-AGF in step 19, the new AMF can register with UDM.

[0203] (21) Step 21: The new AMF sends a Registration Accept message to the UE.

[0204] The new AMF sends the UE a Registration Accept message indicating that the registration request has been accepted. If the new AMF allocates a new 5G-GUTI, it includes the 5G-GUTI. If the UE is already in the RM-REGISTERED state through another connection to the same PLMN, the UE uses the 5G-GUTI received in the Registration Accept message for both registrations. If the Registration Accept message does not include a 5G-GUTI, the UE uses the 5G-GUTI assigned to the existing registration for the new registration. If the new AMF allocates a new registration area, it sends the registration area to the UE in the Registration Accept message. If the Registration Accept message does not include a registration area, the UE considers the previous registration area to be valid. Mobility Restrictions are included if mobility restrictions apply to the UE and the registration type is not emergency registration. The new AMF indicates the PDU sessions established for the UE in the PDU Session State. The UE locally removes internal resources associated with PDU sessions that are not marked as established in the received PDU Session State. When a UE is connected to two AMFs belonging to different PLMNs via a 3GPP connection and a non-3GPP connection, the UE locally removes internal resources associated with PDU sessions in the current PLMN that are not marked as established in the received PDU session status. If PDU session status information is present in the Registration Accept message, the new AMF indicates the PDU session status to the UE.

[0205] The Allowed NSSAI provided in the Registration Accept message is valid for the registration area and applies to all PLMNs that have a tracking area included in the registration area. The Mapping of Allowed NSSAIs maps HPLMN S-NSSAIs to each S-NSSAI of the Allowed NSSAIs. The Mapping of Configured NSSAIs maps HPLMN S-NSSAIs to each S-NSSAI of the Configured NSSAI for the serving PLMN.

[0206] Additionally, optionally, the new AMF performs UE policy association establishment.

[0207] (22) Step 22: If the UE successfully updates itself, it can send a Registration Complete message to the new AMF.

[0208] The UE may send a registration complete message to the new AMF to confirm that a new 5G-GUTI has been allocated.

[0209] (23) Step 23: In case of registration via 3GPP connection, if the new AMF does not release the signaling connection, the new AMF may send RRC Inactive Assistance information to the NG-RAN. In case of registration via non-3GPP connection, if the UE is in CM-CONTENED state on the 3GPP connection, the new AMF may send RRC Inactive Assistance information to the NG-RAN.

[0210] (24) Step 24: AMF can perform information updates on UDM.

[0211] (25) Step 25: The UE may execute a network slice-specific authentication and authorization (NSSAA) procedure.

[0212] <PDU 세션 수립 절차>

[0213] Describes the PDU session establishment procedure. See Section 4.3.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V16.3.0 (2019-12).

[0214] Figures 8 and 9 illustrate examples of a PDU session establishment procedure to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0215] Establishing a PDU session may involve:

[0216] - UE-initiated PDU session establishment procedure

[0217] - PDU session handover between 3GPP and non-3GPP initiated by UE

[0218] - PDU session handover from UE-initiated EPS to 5GS.

[0219] - Network-triggered PDU session establishment procedure

[0220] A PDU session may be associated with either (a) a single connection type at a given time, i.e., either a 3GPP connection or a non-3GPP connection, or (b) multiple connection types simultaneously, i.e., one 3GPP connection and one non-3GPP connection. A PDU session associated with multiple connection types is called a multi-access (MA) PDU session and may be requested by an access traffic steering, switching, splitting (ATSS) capable UE.

[0221] Figures 8 and 9 specify the procedure for establishing a PDU session associated with a single connection type at a given time.

[0222] In the procedures shown in Figures 8 and 9, it is assumed that the UE is already registered with the AMF, so unless the UE is emergency registered, the AMF has already retrieved the user subscription data from the UDM.

[0223] First, the procedure of Fig. 8 is explained.

[0224] (1) Step 1: To establish a new PDU session, the UE generates a new PDU session ID.

[0225] The UE initiates the PDU session establishment procedure requested by the UE by sending an NAS message containing a PDU session establishment request message within the N1 SM container. The PDU session establishment request message includes the PDU session ID, the requested PDU session type, the requested session and service continuity (SSC) mode, 5G SM capabilities, Protocol Configuration Options (PCO), the SM PDU DN Request Container, and the UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate.

[0226] If the PDU session establishment is a request to establish a new PDU session, the request type is "Initial Request." If the request refers to an existing PDU session switching between a 3GPP connection and a non-3GPP connection, or a PDU session handover from an existing packet data network (PDN) connection in the EPC, the request type is "Existing PDU Session." If the PDU session establishment is a request to establish a PDU session for emergency services, the request type is "Emergency Request." If the request refers to an existing PDU session for emergency services switching between a 3GPP connection and a non-3GPP connection, or a PDU session handover from an existing PDN connection for emergency services in the EPC, the request type is "Existing Emergency PDU Session."

[0227] The UE includes the S-NSSAI from the allowed NSSAI of the current connection type. If a mapping of allowed NSSAIs (Mapping of Allowed NSSAIs) is provided to the UE, the UE provides both the S-NSSAI of the VPLMN (visited VPLMN) from the allowed NSSAIs and the corresponding S-NSSAI of the HPLMN from the mapping of allowed NSSAIs.

[0228] (2) Step 2: AMF selects an SMF. If the request type indicates "Initial Request" or the request is due to a handover from an EPS or other non-3GPP connection provided by an AMF, AMF stores the connection type of the PDU session as well as the association of S-NSSAI(s), data network name (DNN), PDU session ID, and SMF ID.

[0229] If the request type is "Initial Request" and the message also contains a previous PDU Session ID representing an existing PDU Session, AMF selects an SMF and stores the association of the new PDU Session ID, S-NSAI(s), and the selected SMF ID.

[0230] If the request type indicates "Existing PDU Session," AMF selects an SMF based on the SMF-ID received from the UDM. AMF updates the stored connection type for the PDU session.

[0231] If the request type indicates "Existing PDU Session", which refers to an existing PDU session moving between a 3GPP connection and a non-3GPP connection, and if the serving PLMN S-NSSAI of the PDU session is in the allowed NSSAI of the target connection type, the PDU session establishment procedure may be performed in the following cases:

[0232] - When the SMF ID and AMF corresponding to the PDU session ID belong to the same PLMN;

[0233] - If the SMF ID corresponding to the PDU session ID belongs to HPLMN;

[0234] Otherwise, AMF rejects the PDU session establishment request with an appropriate rejection cause.

[0235] AMF rejects requests from emergency-registered UEs whose request type does not indicate "Emergency Request" or "Existing Emergency PDU Session".

[0236] (3) Step 3: If the AMF is not associated with an SMF for the PDU session ID provided by the UE (e.g., when the request type indicates "Initial Request"), the AMF invokes the Create SM Context request procedure (e.g., Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request). If the AMF is already associated with an SMF for the PDU session ID provided by the UE (e.g., when the request type indicates "Existing PDU Session"), the AMF invokes the Update SM Context request procedure (e.g., Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request).

[0237] The AMF transmits the S-NSSAI of the serving PLMN to the SMF from the allowed NSSAI. For a roaming scenario of local breakout (LBO), the AMF also transmits the corresponding S-NSSAI of the HPLMN to the SMF from the mapping of the allowed NSSAI.

[0238] The AMF ID is the UE's GUAMI, which uniquely identifies the AMF serving the UE. The AMF passes the PDU session ID along with the N1 SM container containing the PDU session establishment request message received from the UE. The GPSI (generic public subscription identifier) ​​is included if available to the AMF.

[0239] If a UE in limited service state is registered for emergency services without providing SUPI, the AMF provides PEI instead of SUPI. If a UE in limited service state is registered for emergency services while providing SUPI but is not authenticated, the AMF indicates that the SUPI is not authenticated. If the SMF does not receive a SUPI for the UE or if the AMF indicates that the SUPI is not authenticated, the UE is considered unauthenticated.

[0240] AMF can include a PCF ID in Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext. This PCFID identifies the home PCF (H-PCF) in non-roaming cases and the visited PCF (V-PCF) in LBO roaming cases.

[0241] (4) Step 4: If the session management subscription data for the S-NSSAI of the corresponding SUPI, DNN, or HPLMN is not available, the SMF can retrieve the session management subscription data from the UDM and be notified when the subscription data is modified.

[0242] (5) Step 5: SMF sends a create SM context response message (e.g., Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response) or an update SM context response message (e.g., Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response) to AMF according to the request received in step 3.

[0243] If SMF receives the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request in step 3 and can process the PDU session establishment request, SMF creates an SM context and responds to AMF by providing the SM context ID.

[0244] If the SMF decides not to accept the PDU session establishment, the SMF rejects the UE request by sending a NAS SM signal including the relevant SM rejection cause by responding to the AMF with an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response. The SMF also indicates to the AMF that the PDU session ID is considered released and the SMF proceeds to step 20 below, aborting the PDU session establishment procedure.

[0245] (6) Step 6: Optional secondary authentication / authorization may be performed.

[0246] (7a) Step 7a: When dynamic policy and charging control (PCC) is used in a PDU session, the SMF can perform PCF selection.

[0247] (7b) Step 7b: SMF performs the SM policy association establishment procedure to establish a PCF and SM policy association, and obtains the basic PCC rules for the PDU session.

[0248] (8) Step 8: SMF selects one or more UPFs.

[0249] (9) Step 9: The SMF may provide information about the satisfied policy control request trigger conditions by performing the SM policy association modification procedure initiated by the SMF.

[0250] (10) Step 10: If the request type indicates an "Initial Request," the SMF may initiate the N4 Session Establishment procedure with the selected UPF. Otherwise, the SMF may initiate the N4 Session Modification procedure with the selected UPF.

[0251] In step 10a, the SMF can send an N4 session establishment / modification request to the UPF, providing packet detection, enforcement, and reporting rules to be installed in the UPF for the PDU session. In step 10b, the UPF can confirm by sending an N4 session establishment / modification response.

[0252] (11) Step 11: SMF sends an N1N2 message transfer message (e.g. Namf_Communication_N1N2 Message Transfer) to AMF.

[0253] The N1N2 message forwarding message may contain N2 SM information. The N2 SM information carries the following information that the AMF will forward to the (R)AN:

[0254] - CN Tunnel Info: Corresponds to the core network address of the N3 tunnel corresponding to the PDU session;

[0255] - QFI (QoS flow ID) corresponding to one or more QoS (quality of service) profiles;

[0256] - PDU Session ID: Indicates to the UE the association between RAN resources and a PDU session for the UE;

[0257] - S-NSSAI with value for serving PLMN (i.e. HPLMN S-NSSAI, or VPLMN S-NSSAI in case of LBO roaming);

[0258] - User plane security enforcement information determined by SMF;

[0259] - UE integrity protection maximum data rate received in PDU Session Establishment Request message: if integrity protection is indicated as "Preferred" or "Required" in the user plane security enforcement information.

[0260] - RSN (redundancy sequence number) parameter

[0261] The N1N2 message transfer message may include an N1 SM container. The N1 SM container includes a PDU Session Establishment Accept message that the AMF will provide to the UE. The PDU Session Establishment Accept message includes the S-NSSAI from the allowed NSSAI. For the LBO roaming scenario, the PDU Session Establishment Accept message includes the S-NSSAI from the allowed NSSAI for the VPLMN, and also includes the corresponding S-NSSAI of the HPLMN from the mapping of the allowed NSSAI received by the SMF in step 3.

[0262] Multiple QoS rules, QoS flow levels, and QoS parameters may be included in the PDU session establishment accept message and N2 SM information within the N1 SM container, if required, for QoS flows associated with QoS rules and QoS profiles.

[0263] If the PDU session establishment fails between steps 5 and 11, the N1N2 message forwarding message contains an N1 SM container containing a PDU session establishment rejection message, but does not contain N2 SM information. The (R)AN sends an NAS message containing a PDU session establishment rejection message to the UE. In this case, steps 12-17 below are omitted.

[0264] (12) Step 12: AMF sends a NAS message containing the PDU Session ID and PDU Session Establishment Accept message destined for the UE and the N2 SM information received from SMF to (R)AN within an N2 PDU Session Request message.

[0265] (13) Step 13: The (R)AN may perform AN-specific signaling exchanges with the UE related to the information received from the SMF. For example, in the case of the NG-RAN, the UE may perform an RRC connection reconfiguration with the UE to set up the necessary NG-RAN resources related to the QoS rules for the PDU session request received in step 12.

[0266] (R)AN forwards the NAS message (PDU Session ID, N1 SM container (PDU Session Establishment Accept message)) received in step 12 to the UE. (R)AN provides the NAS message to the UE only if the AN-specific signaling exchange with the UE includes (R)AN resource additions related to the received N2 command.

[0267] If N2 SM information is not included in step 11, steps 14-16b and 17 below are omitted.

[0268] Now, the procedure of Fig. 9 following the procedure of Fig. 8 is described.

[0269] (14) Step 14: (R)AN sends an N2 PDU Session Response message to AMF. The N2 PDU Session Response message may include PDU Session ID, cause, N2 SM information (PDU Session ID, AN tunnel information, accepted / rejected QFI list, user plane enforcement policy notification), etc.

[0270] (15) Step 15: AMF sends an update SM context request message (e.g., Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request) to SMF. AMF forwards the N2 SM information received from (R)AN to SMF.

[0271] (16a) Step S16a: SMF initiates the N4 session modification procedure with UPF. SMF provides AN tunnel information and corresponding forwarding rules to UPF.

[0272] (16b) Step S16b: UPF provides an N4 session modification response to SMF.

[0273] After this step, the UPF can forward any DL packets that may have been buffered for this PDU session to the UE.

[0274] (16c) Step 16c: If the SMF is not yet registered for this PDU session, the SMF may register with the UDM for the given PDU session.

[0275] (17) Step 17: SMF sends an update SM context response message (e.g., Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response) to AMF.

[0276] After this step, AMF forwards the relevant events to which SMF subscribes.

[0277] (18) Step 18: At any time during the procedure after Step 5, if the PDU session establishment is not successful, the SMF can notify the AMF by calling Nsmf_PDUSession_SMContextStatusNotify (release). The SMF can also release the created N4 session, the PDU session address (e.g., IP address) if assigned, and possibly the association with the PCF. In this case, Step 19 below is omitted.

[0278] (19) Step 19: For PDU session type IPv6 or IPv4v6, SMF may generate and send an IPv6 Router Advertisement to the UE.

[0279] (20) Step 20: SMF can perform SM policy association modification initiated by SMF.

[0280] (21) Step 21: If the PDU session establishment fails after step 4, the SMF may unsubscribe from modifications to the session management subscription data if the SMF no longer processes the UE's PDU session.

[0281] <mobile basestation>

[0282] Figure 10 shows an example of the architecture of a mobile base station.

[0283] MNO2 (mobile network operator2) can provide wireless access and transmission between a mobile base station (vehicle relay in Fig. 10) and MNO1.

[0284] MNO1 may decide to tunnel MNO1 traffic to a mobile base station, leveraging the 5G wireless (and transport) connectivity provided by MNO2.

[0285] The MNO2 connection between the mobile base station and MNO1 can be used to carry relay traffic between the mobile base station and MNO1 5GC.

[0286] (1) Service Flow

[0287] Step 1. The mobile base station can be provisioned and configured to register with MNO2 and establish the required PDU sessions using specific quality of service and policies (as negotiated for MNO1 traffic and subscribers).

[0288] Step 2. A mobile base station can be provisioned and configured to connect to the MNO1 network for communication between users of MNO1 and the MNO1 network.

[0289] Step 3. MN01 subscribers / UEs can camp on a mobile base station broadcasting the MNO1 PLMN ID. MN01 subscribers / UEs can then register and connect to the MNO1 network.

[0290] Step 4. All traffic generated by MNO1 UE through the mobile base station can be tunneled through MNO2 5G connection of the established relay.

[0291] (2) Architecture

[0292] In the architecture of a mobile base station, a Vehicle Mounted Relay (VMR) (or mobile base station) may be a relay belonging to MNO1. The VMR (or mobile base station) connects to the base station and 5GC of MNO2 to create a PDU session, and connects the N2 / N3 interface to the 5GC of MNO1 through the created PDU session, so that the VMR (or mobile base station) can directly operate as a base station.

[0293] Figure 11 shows an example of an architecture in which both the underlay and overlay of a mobile base station are home networks.

[0294] A VMR (or mobile base station) can connect to a base station and 5GC of a home network and establish and create PDU sessions. A VMR (or mobile base station) can operate as a base station by connecting the N2 / N3 interface to a 5GC of a home network through a PDU session.

[0295] In Fig. 11, 5G core network functions (i.e., AMF1, SMF1, UPF1, UDM1) for VMR-UE (terminal within a mobile base station) and 5G core network functions (i.e., AMF2, SMF2, UPF2, UDM2) for UE served by VMR-RAN are depicted as different NFs. However, some or all of these may be the same NF. For example, AMF1 and AMF2 may be the same AMF. Or, UDM1 and UDM2 may be the same UDM.

[0296] Figure 12 shows an example of an architecture where the underlay of a mobile base station is a visited network and the overlay is a home network.

[0297] A VMR (or mobile base station) can connect to a base station and 5GC of a visited network to create a PDU session. Through the created PDU session, the VMR (or mobile base station) can connect to the 5GC of the home network via the N2 / N3 interface and operate as a base station.

[0298] In Fig. 12, the UDM for the VMR-UE (a terminal inside a mobile base station) (i.e., UDM1) and the UDM for the UE served by the VMR-RAN (i.e., UDM2) are depicted as different NFs. However, UDM1 and UDM2 may be the same UDM.

[0299] MNO1 of Fig. 10 can correspond to the home network of Fig. 12.

[0300] MNO2 of Fig. 10 may correspond to the visiting network of Fig. 12.

[0301] In Figures 11 and 12, the underlay base station is depicted as a gNB (i.e., an NR base station). Alternatively, the underlay base station may be a base station / RAN supporting another RAT.

[0302] Since the VMR (or mobile base station) connects the N2 / N3 interface to MNO1, the VMR (or mobile base station) broadcasts MNO1's SIB. Therefore, a terminal that reads the SIB broadcast by the VMR (or mobile base station) can determine that it is within MNO1's network coverage even if the terminal is actually located in the VPLMN.

[0303] In this case, MNO1 operator can charge the terminal a roaming fee because it must provide the service through MNO2's network.

[0304] Therefore, the terminal must be able to decide whether to receive service through the VMR (or mobile base station).

[0305] Therefore, only when the user of the terminal is allowed to access via the VMR (or mobile base station) (or is subscribed to the relevant service), the terminal should be allowed to access the VMR (or mobile base station) and receive the service.

[0306] In this specification, a method may be proposed to enable a terminal to determine whether to receive a service through a VMR (or mobile base station) in such a case.

[0307] The VMR (or mobile base station) architecture shows a scenario where the VMR (or mobile base station) is connected to the MNO1 network via the MNO2 network, but the VMR (or mobile base station) can also operate as a base station by connecting to the base station and 5GC of MNO1 to create a PDU session and connecting the N2 / N3 interface to the 5GC of MNO1 through the created PDU session.

[0308] The proposed method may be comprised of a combination of one or more of the methods / operations / steps described herein. Furthermore, the methods / operations described herein may be performed or used in combination or complementary manner.

[0309] In this specification, UE (User Equipment) and terminal are used interchangeably.

[0310] In this specification, the terms Subscriber and User are used interchangeably.

[0311] In this specification, AF (Application Function) and AS (Application Server) are used interchangeably.

[0312] In this specification, VMR (Vehicle Mounted Relay) / Vehicle Relay / Relay / Mobile Relay / Mobile Base Station / MWAB (Mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling) can all be used interchangeably.

[0313] In this specification, a mobile base station (or VMR) may include a mobile base station RAN (VMR-RAN or NG-RAN) and a mobile base station UE (VMR UE or Vehicle Relay UE).

[0314] In this specification, the mobile base station UE may be a VMR UE or a Vehicle Relay UE.

[0315] In this specification, the mobile base station RAN may be a VMR-RAN or an NG-RAN.

[0316] In this specification, a mobile base station UE can register with the VPLMN and establish a PDU session. The mobile base station RAN can connect the interface by sending an NG setup request to the HPLMN through the PDU session established by the mobile base station UE. Based on this, the terminal can register with the HPLMN through the mobile base station (mobile base station RAN) and receive services.

[0317] The basic registration procedure and PDU session establishment procedure in this specification may follow the contents of FIGS. 6 to 9, the procedure of TS 23.501 v18.2.2 or TS 23.502 v18.2.0.

[0318] Mobile base stations can be mounted on a variety of vehicles, including ground vehicles (e.g., cars, trains), sea or river vehicles (e.g., ships, boats), aerial vehicles (e.g., airplanes, helicopters, drones), and satellites. When mounted on aerial vehicles, they may be referred to as Aerial Vehicle Relays (AVRs). Furthermore, mobile base stations do not necessarily have to be mobile; they can also function as base stations while stationary.

[0319] A mobile base station can serve not only UEs within a vehicle but also UEs in the surrounding area.

[0320] In this specification, a mobile base station may be a UE. This may be interpreted as the mobile base station including a UE part / operation / functionality or a MT (Mobile Terminal) part / operation / functionality.

[0321] A mobile base station can broadcast SIB information after performing registration with 5GC.

[0322] The mobile base station can perform registration with Network 2. The mobile base station can establish a PDU session with Network 2. The mobile base station can connect an interface with Network 1 through the PDU session. Then, the terminal can perform registration / communication with Network 1 through the mobile base station.

[0323] Network 1 in this specification may be a network to which a terminal has subscribed. Network 2 in this specification may be a network serving the area where the mobile base station is currently located.

[0324] I. First Disclosure

[0325] A mobile base station (or VMR) can transmit a SIB. The SIB can include information about whether the mobile base station is currently receiving service through a roaming network.

[0326] A mobile base station (or VMR) can register with Network 2 and establish a PDU session. Through this PDU session, the mobile base station can interface with Network 1 (create a connection or perform N2 configuration). Based on this, the mobile base station can operate as a base station for Network 1.

[0327] A mobile base station may broadcast a SIB for Network 1. The SIB may include information indicating that it is a mobile base station. The SIB may include information that it provides services through a roaming network (Network 2) rather than the HPLMN (Network 1).

[0328] The terminal can receive a system information block (SIB).

[0329] Based on user settings and / or information set in the terminal, the terminal can decide whether to receive service from a mobile base station serving through the roaming network.

[0330] Regardless of whether the service is provided through a roaming network, the mobile base station may broadcast in the SIB whether a separate charge is incurred to the terminal when the terminal receives the service through the mobile base station.

[0331] That is, a mobile base station can broadcast whether or not it applies different charges to the SIB.

[0332] To create a connection (N2 association) with Network 1 (HPLMN), the mobile base station may send a setup request (e.g., N2 setup request) to Network 1. The setup request may include information about the mobile base station's serving PLMN (Network 2).

[0333] Then, the AMF of Network 1 can send a setup response (e.g., N2 setup response) to the mobile base station. The setup response may include information on whether separate charges are incurred.

[0334] Based on the SIB, the mobile base station can broadcast a SIB containing information about whether separate charging is required (or whether the service is served through a roaming network).

[0335] When the serving PLMN of a mobile base station changes, the mobile base station can use the RAN Configuration Update procedure to transmit information to the AMF of Network 1 that the serving PLMN of the mobile base station has changed.

[0336] In this case, the AMF of Network 1 can transmit information to the mobile base station about whether separate charges will be incurred (or information indicating whether the service is provided through a roaming network) through a RAN Configuration Update Acknowledgement message or an AMF Configuration Update procedure, if necessary. Based on this, the base station can decide whether to include information about whether separate charges will be incurred (or information indicating whether the service is provided through a roaming network) in the SIB it broadcasts.

[0337] The mobile base station can transmit its serving PLMN information to Network 1 (via an NG-AP message). Alternatively, the network can determine the location of the mobile base station directly.

[0338] When a mobile base station performs registration in network 2, information about a serving PLMN / serving AMF (network 2 / AMF of network 2) can be stored in the UDM. The AMF (AMF of network 1) that receives the N2 setup request can transmit information about whether separate charges are incurred to the mobile base station based on the information stored in the UDM (AMF of network 1 can obtain information from the UDM) (e.g., information about whether separate charges are incurred to the terminal when the terminal receives service from network 1 through the mobile base station) to the mobile base station.

[0339] A mobile base station (or VMR) may transmit an N2 setup request including ID information (e.g., SUPI, SUCI, GPSI, 5G-GUTI, etc.) of a mobile base station terminal (or VMR terminal) to an AMF of network 1. The mobile base station terminal (or VMR terminal) may correspond to a terminal within the mobile base station (or VMR). The mobile base station terminal (or VMR terminal) may have performed registration with network 2 prior to the N2 setup request.

[0340] AMF of network 1 can obtain information (e.g. GUAMI) of the serving network (network 2) of the mobile base station from UDM based on the ID information of the mobile base station terminal (or VMR terminal).

[0341] AMF in Network 1 can use LCS procedures to determine whether a mobile base station is roaming by taking into account its location.

[0342] Alternatively, the terminal's ID information may be pre-configured in the AMF of Network 1 according to the Global RAN Node ID. Based on this, even if there is no ID information of the mobile base station terminal (or VMR terminal) in the N2 setup request, the AMF can recognize that the base station that transmitted the N2 setup request is a mobile base station (moving base station). Based on this, the AMF can obtain information (e.g., GUAMI) of the serving network (Network 2) of the mobile base station from the UDM using the terminal's ID information mapped to the Global RAN Node ID, determine whether separate charging is incurred, and transmit information about the charging to the mobile base station.

[0343] 1. First Example

[0344] The base station can inform the AMF of network 1 of serving network information and / or mobile base station information (Global RAN Node ID) through the N2 configuration request.

[0345] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a procedure according to the disclosure of this specification.

[0346] Figure 13 shows only the main steps without showing the entire registration procedure.

[0347] The basic registration procedure and PDU session establishment procedure may follow the contents of Figures 6 to 9, TS 23.501 v18.2.2 or TS 23.502 v18.2.0.

[0348] A mobile base station (VMR) may include a mobile base station RAN (VMR-RAN or NG-RAN) and a mobile base station UE (VMR UE or Vehicle Relay UE).

[0349] 1) Step 1. The mobile base station UE (VMR UE) can perform registration with the VPLMN (network 2).

[0350] A mobile base station UE (VMR UE) can send a registration request message to the AMF of a VPLMN.

[0351] The registration request message may include information indicating that the base station is operating as a mobile base station.

[0352] Step 2. The AMF of the VPLMN can perform Nudm_UECM_Registration after retrieving subscriber information from the UDM.

[0353] Based on the information received in step 1, the AMF can store information in the UDM indicating that the UE (mobile base station) requesting registration is operating as a mobile base station (Vehicle Mounted Relay).

[0354] Step 3. AMF can send a registration approval message to the vehicle mounted relay UE.

[0355] The registration grant message may include information that the mobile base station UE is permitted to create an N2 / N3 interface via a PDU session. Alternatively, the registration grant message may include information that the UE (mobile base station) is permitted to operate as a mobile base station.

[0356] The registration approval message may contain DNN / S-NSSAI information to be used in the PDU session to create the N2 / N3 interface to HPLMN.

[0357] Alternatively, the DNN / S-NSSAI information may be set in a mobile base station (VMR).

[0358] Step 4. The mobile base station UE (Vehicle Mounted Relay UE) can decide to create a PDU session based on the information received in step 3.

[0359] A vehicle mounted relay UE can create a PDU session using the DNN / S-NSSAI received in step 3.

[0360] Alternatively, a vehicle mounted relay UE can create a PDU session based on URSP rules.

[0361] Alternatively, a vehicle mounted relay UE can create a PDU session based on the configured information.

[0362] The PDU session established at this stage may be a local breakout PDU session.

[0363] Alternatively, the PDU session established at this stage may be a home-routed PDU session. In this case, the anchor UPF may belong to the HPLMN.

[0364] The anchor UPF selected based on the DNN / S-NSSAI may be a UPF co-located with the AMF of the HPLMN. To ensure that the anchor UPF co-located with the AMF is selected, the mobile base station UE (Vehicle Mounted Relay UE) may include information indicating that the session is for creating an N2 interface in the PDU session establishment request message.

[0365] The PDU session used to create the N2 interface and the PDU session used to create the N3 interface may be configured separately. In this case, the registration approval message in step 3 may include PDU session creation information (e.g., DNN / S-NSSAI) for the N2 interface and N3 interface. Then, when creating a PDU session, the terminal can request PDU session establishment using the PDU session creation information (e.g., DNN / S-NSSAI).

[0366] One of the PDU sessions used to create the N2 interface and one of the PDU sessions used to create the N3 interface may be created as a local breakout session and the other as a home routed session.

[0367] For example, a PDU session for an N2 interface can be created as a home routed session, and a PDU session for an N3 interface can be created as a local breakout.

[0368] The SMF of VPLMN (Network 2) can send a PDU Session Establishment Accept message to the terminal.

[0369] The PDU session establishment approval message may include AMF address information for the terminal to create an N2 interface. The AMF address information may be the address information of the AMF of the HPLMN (network 1).

[0370] The above AMF address information may be pre-configured in the SMF or included in the subscriber information of the mobile base station UE (Vehicle Mounted Relay UE).

[0371] Alternatively, the AMF address information may be configured in a vehicle mounted relay UE. This information may also be updated in the HPLMN.

[0372] Alternatively, when a vehicle mounted relay UE performs registration with a VPLMN and transmits information indicating that it is operating as a vehicle mounted relay, the AMF can provide an AMF address for creating an N2 interface to the vehicle mounted relay UE based on local configuration (or subscriber information obtained from the UDM).

[0373] Alternatively, if the AMF recognizes that the UE is acting as a vehicle mounted relay, the vehicle mounted relay UE can establish a PDU session using a preset DNN / S-NSSAI when the vehicle mounted relay UE requests establishment of a PDU session.

[0374] Step 5. The mobile base station (or VMR-RAN) can send an NG Setup Request to the AMF of the HPLMN (network 1) using the PDU session created in step 4.

[0375] The NG Setup Request may include information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a vehicle mounted relay and ID information (e.g., SUPI, SUCI, GPSI, 5G-GUTI) of the mobile base station UE (Vehicle Mounted Relay UE). The information indicating that the mobile base station transmitting the NG Setup Request operates as a mobile base station for the UE.

[0376] Alternatively, the NG Setup Request may include serving network information of the vehicle mounted relay UE (e.g., VPLMN ID).

[0377] Alternatively, the NG Setup Request may include the ID of the base station (Global RAN Node ID).

[0378] A mobile base station (or VMR-RAN) can send an NG Setup Request to multiple AMFs rather than just one. This may be to create an association with an AMF on a per-service / slice basis.

[0379] A mobile base station (or VMR-RAN) can transmit NG Setup Requests to multiple AMFs (perform NG setup) using multiple PDU sessions.

[0380] When a mobile base station (or VMR-RAN) provides services to multiple PLMNs, the mobile base station (or VMR-RAN) can send an NG Setup Request to the AMF of each PLMN (to perform NG setup).

[0381] To prepare for AMF failure, etc., a mobile base station (or VMR-RAN) can send an NG Setup Request to one or more AMFs of one PLMN (so that NG setup can be performed).

[0382] Step 6. The AMF of the HPLMN can request information (e.g., location information) of the Vehicle Mounted Relay from the UDM.

[0383] Based on the ID information of the mobile base station UE received in step 5, the AMF can request information (e.g., location information) of the mobile base station (Vehicle Mounted Relay) from the UDM.

[0384] For example, AMF can request location information of a vehicle mounted relay UE by sending GPSI or SUPI of the vehicle mounted relay UE to UDM via Nudm_UECM_Get.

[0385] If the AMF receives only the ID (Global RAN Node ID) of the base station without the ID information of the mobile base station UE in Step 5, the AMF can convert the ID (Global RAN Node ID) of the base station into GPSI (or SUPI), etc., according to the mapping information configured in the AMF.

[0386] The UDM can transmit GUAMI information, SUPI information, etc. of the serving AMF of the VPLMN where the mobile base station UE is registered to the AMF of the HPLMN. The UDM can transmit information about the serving AMF of the VPLMN where the mobile base station UE is registered to the AMF of the HPLMN.

[0387] Based on the information received, the AMF can recognize whether the mobile base station UE is roaming (or which network it is trying to serve).

[0388] Based on this, AMF can determine which terminals will incur separate charges when receiving service through a mobile base station.

[0389] At this time, AMF can determine whether to charge based on the fact that you are roaming and your carrier's settings. That is, even if you are roaming, AMF can determine not to charge based on your carrier's settings.

[0390] Step 7. AMF can send an NG Setup Response to the mobile base station.

[0391] If AMF determines that separate charges are applicable, the NG Setup Response may include information indicating that separate charges are required.

[0392] If the AMF determines that separate charging is required, the NG Setup Response may include information that causes the mobile base station to transmit information via SIB that separate charging is required.

[0393] If AMF determines that separate charges are incurred, the NG Setup Response may include information that separate charges will be incurred to the terminal when the terminal receives services from Network 1 (HPLMN) through the mobile base station.

[0394] Step 8. The mobile base station can configure SIB information based on the information in the NG Setup Response and broadcast it.

[0395] The above SIB may be a SIB for HPLMN (network 1).

[0396] The above SIB may contain information indicating that it is a SIB for HPLMN (network 1).

[0397] A mobile base station may broadcast a SIB containing information that receiving services through it incurs separate charges.

[0398] The above SIB may include information that additional charges will be incurred to the terminal when receiving services by registering with the HPLMN through the mobile base station.

[0399] A SIB may contain information indicating that it is a SIB from a mobile base station (VMR).

[0400] Step 9. The terminal can receive the SIB broadcast by the mobile base station.

[0401] Based on the SIB from the mobile base station, the terminal can determine (or determine) the presence of an HPLMN base station. Furthermore, the terminal can determine whether separate charges are required when receiving services through the mobile base station based on the SIB (e.g., information indicating that the SIB is a mobile base station (a mobile base station) and / or information indicating that separate charges are incurred).

[0402] The terminal (user of the terminal) can decide whether to perform registration through the mobile base station by considering the above decision.

[0403] If the user allows separate charging, the terminal may perform a registration procedure to receive services through the cell of the mobile base station.

[0404] The terminal can perform a registration procedure with the HPLMN through the mobile base station.

[0405] The action of a terminal deciding whether to perform registration through a mobile base station can be interpreted as a network selection action of the terminal.

[0406] In this specification, information regarding whether separate charges are incurred may be explicit or implicit. If implicit, information regarding whether separate charges are incurred may be expressed as information indicating that the mobile base station is serving a network other than the HPLMN, information indicating that the mobile base station is roaming, information indicating that the mobile base station is serving through a roaming network, or identification information regarding the roaming network of the VMR (e.g., VPLMN ID). These details may be applied throughout this specification.

[0407] II. Second Disclosure

[0408] You can determine whether separate charges apply based on the country in which the mobile base station UE is located.

[0409] A mobile base station (or mobile base station UE) can determine whether separate charges are incurred based on whether it is roaming directly without separate signaling.

[0410] A mobile base station (or mobile base station UE) may be configured in advance with information about whether separate charges are incurred when operating in each PLMN.

[0411] Alternatively, the network may configure, via signaling, information to the mobile base station (or mobile base station UE) as to whether separate charges are incurred when operating in each PLMN.

[0412] The network can update information via signaling about whether separate charges are incurred when operating in each PLMN.

[0413] Based on the information about whether separate charges are incurred, the mobile base station can include information about whether separate charges are required in the SIB.

[0414] III. Third Disclosure

[0415] When a terminal performs registration through a mobile base station, network 1 can approve the registration of the terminal by considering the subscriber information of the terminal.

[0416] When a terminal performs registration through a mobile base station, a registration request message transmitted by the terminal may include information indicating that registration is performed through the mobile base station.

[0417] That is, based on the SIB from the mobile base station, the terminal can determine that the registration requested by the terminal is registration via the mobile base station. Accordingly, based on the SIB from the mobile base station, the terminal can transmit a registration request message that includes information indicating that the registration is via the mobile base station.

[0418] If a specific AMF that has established an NG interface through NG settings (e.g., NG Setup) is a dedicated AMF, the specific AMF (the AMF of the HPLMN) can determine that all terminals that perform registration with the specific AMF perform registration through the mobile base station.

[0419] HPLMN's AMF can retrieve subscriber information from terminals.

[0420] Subscriber information may include information indicating whether the terminal can receive service through a mobile base station.

[0421] Subscriber information may include information on service availability based on the location of the terminal / mobile base station.

[0422] For example, subscriber information may include information indicating that the terminal is permitted to receive service through PLMN#1 but not permitted to receive service through PLMN#2.

[0423] Based on what is described in the first disclosure, the AMF can find out the serving PLMN of the mobile base station.

[0424] Based on the information of the mobile base station (e.g., serving PLMN), the subscriber information of the terminal, and the location of the terminal (either the terminal includes this information in its registration request or the AMF obtains this information using the LCS procedure), the AMF can decide whether to approve the registration by determining whether the terminal is allowed to be served by the mobile base station at its current location.

[0425] When a terminal performs registration through a mobile base station, the terminal may include location information of the terminal (e.g., the country where the terminal is located, e.g., MCC + MNC, VPLMN ID information, etc.) in the registration request message.

[0426] Alternatively, AMF can use the Location Services (LCS) procedure to determine the location of the terminal.

[0427] Alternatively, the mobile base station may transmit the terminal's ULI (User Location Information) information to the network. At this time, the mobile base station may also transmit its serving cell information, serving network information, etc. to the network.

[0428] AMF may send a registration approval message to the terminal, including information indicating that separate charges will be incurred. In this case, the terminal may only perform the PDU session establishment procedure if separate charges are permitted based on its settings (user settings and / or terminal settings).

[0429] If the registration approval message includes information that separate charges will be incurred, but separate charges are not permitted based on settings (user settings and / or terminal settings), the terminal can manage the TA (Tracking Area) of the cell provided by the mobile base station by including it in the forbidden TA list.

[0430] A terminal can transmit a registration request message to the AMF indicating whether it allows separate charging or whether it allows the use of a mobile base station. In other words, a terminal can transmit a registration request message to the AMF indicating that it will use the service even if separate charging is required for the service via a mobile base station.

[0431] The AMF can inform the HPLMN's NG-RAN (e.g., a mobile base station) whether the terminal can use the mobile base station by considering information received from the terminal (whether the terminal will use the service even if a separate fee is charged), the terminal's subscriber information, and the terminal's location information. Based on this, the HPLMN's NG-RAN can decide whether to handover (or redirect) the terminal to the mobile base station's cell.

[0432] The terminal can perform measurements on the mobile base station. The terminal can send a separate measurement report to the NG-RAN, distinguishing the measurements on the mobile base station's cell. Based on this, the NG-RAN can determine whether to handover (or redirect) the terminal to the mobile base station's cell.

[0433] The separate measurement of the aforementioned mobile base station cells may be based on the measurement configuration received from the NG-RAN.

[0434] A mobile base station can broadcast its identity via SIB. Based on this, a terminal can determine whether the cell is provided by the mobile base station.

[0435] In this specification, it is assumed that the mobile base station has all the functions of a base station and establishes the NG interface (N2 / N3 interface) through a PDU session. However, the mobile base station may not have all the functions of a base station, but only some. In this case, the mobile base station can set up another interface instead of the N2 / N3 interface. For example, if the mobile base station only has the DU function, it can set up the F1 interface. In this case, the base station in the HPLMN can act as the CU.

[0436] When applying a service-based interface to the N2 interface (e.g., a 6G system), the mobile base station can perform operations for AMF discovery via the Network Repository Function (NRF). To do this, the PDU session for the N2 interface can be used, or a separate PDU session can be created and used for NRF discovery.

[0437] Additionally, after creating an AMF and N2 association, the mobile base station (VMR-RAN) can store base station information supported by the Vehicle Mounted Relay (e.g. serving AMF ID, TAI, cell ID, supported features, etc.) in the NRF via Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister.

[0438] According to the disclosure of this specification, when a terminal receives a service through a mobile base station, the terminal can know whether a separate charge is incurred.

[0439] Based on user settings and / or terminal settings, the terminal may decide whether to receive services through a mobile base station.

[0440] The mobile base station broadcasts SIB information indicating whether separate charges are incurred, and the terminal can decide whether to receive service through the mobile base station based on this (network selection of the terminal).

[0441] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals, messages, and fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0442] Figure 14 illustrates the procedure of a mobile base station for the disclosure of this specification.

[0443] 1. The mobile base station can perform registration procedures with the VPLMN (Visited Public Land Mobile Network).

[0444] 2. The mobile base station can perform the procedure for establishing a PDU (Packet Data Unit) session with the above VPLMN.

[0445] 3. The mobile base station can send an NG setup request to the AMF (Access Mobility Function) of the HPLMN (Home PLMN) through the above PDU session.

[0446] The above NG setup request may include information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a mobile base station for any UE (User Equipment).

[0447] 4. Based on the above NG setup request, the mobile base station can receive an NG setup response from the AMF.

[0448] The above NG setup response may include charging information that additional charges will be incurred to the arbitrary UE when the arbitrary UE receives service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station.

[0449] 5. Based on the above NG setup response, the mobile base station can broadcast a SIB (System Information Block) for the HPLMN.

[0450] The above SIB may include the above charging information.

[0451] 6. Based on the above SIB, the mobile base station can receive a registration request message from a specific UE.

[0452] The above NG setup request may include the ID of the VPLMN.

[0453] Based on the current location, the mobile base station may determine that any UE will incur additional charges if it receives services from the HPLMN through the mobile base station.

[0454] Based on the above decision, the SIB may include the charging information.

[0455] The above NG setup request may include the ID of the mobile base station.

[0456] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals, messages, and fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0457] Figure 15 illustrates the AMF's procedure for the disclosure of this specification.

[0458] 1. AMF can receive NG setup request from mobile base station.

[0459] The above AMF may be included in the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN).

[0460] The above NG setup request may include information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a mobile base station for any UE (User Equipment).

[0461] 2. Based on the above NG setting request, AMF can send an information request of the mobile base station to UDM (Unified Data Management).

[0462] 3. Based on the above information request, AMF can receive information of the mobile base station from the UDM.

[0463] 4. Based on the NG setup request and the information of the mobile base station, the AMF can determine that additional charges will be incurred to the arbitrary UE when the arbitrary UE receives service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station.

[0464] 5. Based on the above NG setup request, the AMF can transmit an NG setup response to the mobile base station.

[0465] Based on the above decision, the NG setup response may include charging information indicating that additional charges will be incurred to the arbitrary UE when the arbitrary UE receives service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station.

[0466] 6. AMF may include a step of receiving a registration request message from a specific UE via the mobile base station.

[0467] The above NG setup request may include the ID of the VPLMN.

[0468] The information of the above mobile base station may include information about the serving AMF of the above mobile base station.

[0469] The information of the above mobile base station may be location information of the above mobile base station.

[0470] The above NG setup request may include the ID of the mobile base station.

[0471] Based on the above registration request message, the mobile base station can transmit a request for subscriber information of the specific UE to a specific UDM.

[0472] Based on the request for subscriber information of the specific UE, the mobile base station can receive subscriber information of the specific UE.

[0473] Based on subscriber information of the specific UE, information of the mobile base station, and location of the specific UE, the mobile base station can decide to approve the registration request message.

[0474] Based on the above approval, the mobile base station can send a registration approval message to the specific UE.

[0475] Hereinafter, a device for performing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0476] For example, a device may include a processor, a transceiver, and memory.

[0477] For example, a processor may be configured to be operatively coupled with memory and a processor.

[0478] The operations performed by the processor may include: performing a registration procedure with a VPLMN; performing a PDU session establishment procedure with the VPLMN; transmitting an NG setup request to an AMF of an HPLMN through the PDU session; the NG setup request including information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a mobile base station for a certain UE, and receiving an NG setup response from the AMF based on the NG setup request; the NG setup response including charging information indicating that additional charging is incurred to the certain UE when the certain UE receives a service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station, and broadcasting a SIB for the HPLMN based on the NG setup response; the SIB including the charging information, and receiving a registration request message from a specific UE based on the SIB.

[0479] Below, a processor of a device for providing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification is described.

[0480] The operations performed by the processor may include: performing a registration procedure with a VPLMN; performing a procedure for establishing a PDU session with the VPLMN; transmitting an NG setup request to an AMF of an HPLMN through the PDU session; the NG setup request including information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a mobile base station for an arbitrary UE, and receiving an NG setup response from the AMF based on the NG setup request; the NG setup response including charging information indicating that additional charging is incurred to the arbitrary UE when the arbitrary UE receives a service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station, and broadcasting a SIB for the HPLMN based on the NG setup response; the SIB including the charging information, and receiving a registration request message from a specific UE based on the SIB.

[0481] Hereinafter, a non-volatile computer-readable medium storing one or more commands for providing mobile communication according to some embodiments of the present specification is described.

[0482] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure may be implemented directly in hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, the software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or other storage media.

[0483] Some examples of storage media are coupled to the processor, allowing the processor to read information from the storage media. Alternatively, the storage media may be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage media may reside in an ASIC. In other examples, the processor and storage media may reside as separate components.

[0484] Computer-readable media may include tangible and non-volatile computer-readable storage media.

[0485] For example, nonvolatile computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), such as synchronized dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other media that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Nonvolatile computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0486] Additionally, the methods described herein can be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or transmits code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0487] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has one or more instructions stored thereon. The one or more stored instructions can be executed by a processor of a base station.

[0488] The stored one or more commands may include: performing a registration procedure with a VPLMN; performing a procedure for establishing a PDU session with the VPLMN; transmitting an NG setup request to an AMF of an HPLMN through the PDU session; the NG setup request including information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a mobile base station for a certain UE, and receiving an NG setup response from the AMF based on the NG setup request; the NG setup response including charging information indicating that additional charging is incurred to the certain UE when the certain UE receives a service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station, and broadcasting a SIB for the HPLMN based on the NG setup response; the SIB including the charging information, and receiving a registration request message from a specific UE based on the SIB.

[0489] Hereinafter, a non-volatile computer-readable medium storing one or more commands for providing mobile communication according to some embodiments of the present specification is described.

[0490] This specification may have various effects.

[0491] For example, through the procedures disclosed in this specification, it is possible to provide services based on energy consumption.

[0492] The effects that can be achieved through specific examples of this specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, a person with ordinary skill in the relevant technical field may understand or derive various technical effects from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0493] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method by which a mobile base station performs communication, Steps to perform registration procedures with VPLMN (Visited Public Land Mobile Network); A step of performing a procedure for establishing a PDU (Packet Data Unit) session with the above VPLMN; A step of transmitting an NG setup request to an AMF (Access Mobility Function) of the HPLMN (Home PLMN) through the above PDU session; The above NG setup request includes information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a mobile base station for any UE (User Equipment), A step of receiving an NG setting response from the AMF based on the above NG setting request; The above NG setup response includes charging information that additional charges will be incurred to the arbitrary UE when the arbitrary UE receives service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station, A step of broadcasting a SIB (System Information Block) for the HPLMN based on the above NG setting response; The above SIB includes the above charging information, A method comprising the step of receiving a registration request message from a specific UE based on the above SIB.

2. In paragraph 1, A method in which the above NG setup request includes the ID of the VPLMN.

3. In paragraph 1 or 2, A step of determining that additional charges will be incurred to any UE when the UE receives service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station based on the area where the mobile base station is currently located; A method in which the SIB includes the charging information based on the above decision.

4. In any one of the clauses 1 to 3, A method wherein the above NG setup request includes the ID of the mobile base station.

5. AMF (Access Mobility Function) is a method for performing communication. A step of receiving an NG setup request from a mobile base station; The above AMF is included in the HPLMN (Home Public Land Mobile Network), The above NG setup request includes information indicating that the mobile base station operates as a mobile base station for any UE (User Equipment), A step of transmitting an information request of the mobile base station to UDM (Unified Data Management) based on the above NG setting request; A step of receiving information of the mobile base station from the UDM based on the information request; A step of determining, based on the NG setup request and the information of the mobile base station, that additional charges will be incurred to the arbitrary UE if the arbitrary UE receives a service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station; A step of transmitting an NG setting response to the mobile base station based on the NG setting request; Based on the above decision, the NG setup response includes charging information that additional charges will be incurred to the arbitrary UE when the arbitrary UE receives service from the HPLMN through the mobile base station, A method comprising the step of receiving a registration request message from a specific UE via the mobile base station.

6. In paragraph 5, A method in which the above NG setup request includes the ID of the VPLMN.

7. In paragraph 5 or 6, A method wherein the information of the mobile base station includes information about the serving AMF of the mobile base station.

8. In any one of paragraphs 5 to 7, A method in which the information of the above mobile base station is location information of the above mobile base station.

9. In any one of paragraphs 5 to 8, A method wherein the above NG setup request includes the ID of the mobile base station.

10. In any one of the clauses 5 to 9, A step of transmitting a request for subscriber information of the specific UE to a specific UDM based on the registration request message; A step of receiving subscriber information of the specific UE based on a request for subscriber information of the specific UE; A step of determining approval for the registration request message based on subscriber information of the specific UE, information of the mobile base station, and location of the specific UE; A method further comprising the step of transmitting a registration approval message to the specific UE based on the above approval.

11. As a mobile base station performing communication, At least one transmitter and receiver; Contains at least one processor, A mobile base station, wherein the operation performed by at least one processor is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

12. As an AMF (Access Mobility Function) that performs communication, At least one transmitter and receiver; Contains at least one processor, The operation performed by said at least one processor is an AMF method according to any one of claims 5 to 10.

13. As an apparatus in mobile communication, at least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connected to the at least one processor, A device wherein the operation performed based on the command being executed by at least one processor is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

14. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that records commands, A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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