Plant biostimulating compositions and uses thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to plant biostimulating compositions comprising a unique mixture of biofriendly actives. The invention also relates to the use of such compositions in domestic plant production, broad acrage crop production and commercial hydroponic plant production.

Description

[0001] PLANT BIOSTIMULATING COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF Field The present invention relates to plant biostimulating compositions comprising a unique mixture of biofriendly actives. The invention also relates to the use of such compositions in domestic plant production, broad acrage crop production and commercial hydroponic plant production. Background There is an increasing global demand to provide improvement in sustainable agricultural practices. The improvements may involve increased food production, the minimisation of the harmful effects associated with the application of conventional fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, lessening the dependence of plant growth hormones / regulators, making plants (and crops) more tolerant to saline enviroments, and growing plants (and crops) in drier climates. It is expected that there will be an increase in agricultural demand by at least 70% by 2050, and that it includes the use of plants for human consumption, animal feed, energy production, and biodegradable and environmentally friendly chemical manufacturing, such as in the pharamecutical and cosmetics industry. The use of genetically modified plants is not seen as a viable solution to many of the aforemention problems due to unforeseen impacts. Microbial species have an important role in the plant-soil microbiome / system to improve the health and sustainability of agricultural production. Microorganisms have been intensively studied over the years due to their crucial role in the health, nutrition, and growth of their plant symbiot or host. They can also improve plant performance under biotic and abiotic environmental stress conditions. Microorganisms interact with plants above-ground in the phyllosphere, inside plant tissues (endophytes), or below-ground in the rhizosphere. Particularly, the rhizosphere is considered by its relevant role in the interaction with microbial communities. The rhizosphere is the region of soil surrounding living roots influenced by plant root exudates and associated with the greatest microbial activity. The plant provides nutrients to microorganisms through the rhizodeposits that contain high and low-molecular-weight compounds like sugars, amino acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, organic acids, and secondary metabolites. Rhizodeposition allows the selection of specific microbial communities in the rhizosphere of the plant host. There are also non-volatile metabolites emitted by microorganisms that provide protection (for example, hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, and antibiotics), promote growth by improving nutrient availability (for example, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization) and some that release growth inducers such as auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins. Many organic compounds have been shown to be benefical such as 1,3-butanediol emitted by B. subtilis GB03 is thought to promote growth on A. thaliana, dimethylhexadecylamine emitted by Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 is thought to stimulate growth on Medicago sativa, and dimethyl disulfide emitted by Bacillus sp. B55 is thought to increase growth on A. thaliana. Furthermore, many different organic compounds that have been reported to induce growth in various plant species, included saponins, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, albuterol, 1,3-propanediole, karrikinolide, trimethylbutenolide, cysteine, just to name a few. There is a constant need to improve upon current agiculture practices and in particualar a need to develop improved plant growth stimulating compostions which act on multiple physiological pathways to provide benefical outcomes in respect of commercial plant production. Summary The present invention is predicated on the discovery that a unique intimate mixture of biofriendly chemicals provides useful plant-growth stimulatory compositions which have the following combined benefical physiological effects: a) an increase in RuBisCo expression; b) an increased efficiency of electron transport in ATP production; c) an ability to facilate the closing of plant stomata so that water is conserved and to keep water in a higher respiring system; d) an ability to prevent inflammatory cascades being triggered may reduce plant production; and e) inducing plant signalling to microbes, insects and other plants that impact growth and reproduction outcomes. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventors postulate that the combined benefits (as mentioned above) are a result of a practical working interrelationship between the active components. In certain embodiments, the working interrelationship is an additive, supra additive or synergistic effect. The compositions of the present invention are characterised as biofriendly as they do not include amounts of known plant growth hormones and that the individual actives mentioned herein are considered safe for general agricultural use and are defined by the USA Food and Drug Administration as ‘generally regarded as safe’ (GRAS) compounds. In a first aspect the present invention provides liquid compositions comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; metal oxide or derivative or salt thereof; 2- acetoxybenzoic acid or salicyclic acid, or a salt thereof; and an organic solvent. In an embodiment the present invention provides liquid compositions comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, titanium oxide, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof, and an organic solvent. In an embodiment the present invention provides liquid compositions comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof, salicyclic acid or a salt thereof, and an organic solvent. In a second aspect the present invention provides for solid / freeze-dried compositions comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; metal oxide or derivative or salt thereof; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or salicyclic acid, or a salt thereof. In an embodiemtn the invention provides for solid / freeze-dried compositions comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof, salicyclic acid or a salt thereof, and an organic solvent In an embodiment the invention provides for solid / freeze-dried compositions comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, titanium oxide, and 2- acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof. In an embodiment, and with reference to the first aspect, the invention provides the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent. In certain embodiments, and with reference to the first aspect, the liquid compostion is a composition which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and methanol. In an embodiment, and with reference to the first aspect, the invention provides the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent. In certain embodiments, and with reference to the first aspect, the liquid compostion is a composition which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and glycerol. In a third aspect the invention provides for aqueous formulations comprising a compostion of the first aspect or a freeze-dried compostion of the second aspect. In an embodiment, and with reference to the third aspect, the invention provides aqueous formulations comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In an embodiment, and with reference to the third aspect, the invention provides aqueous formulations comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent. In an embodiment, and with reference to the third aspect, the invention provides aqueous formulations comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In an embodiment, and with reference to the third aspect, the invention provides aqueous formulations comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent, preferably glycerol. In a further aspect the invention provides for a method of enhancing mycorrhizal symbiosis in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition of the first aspect or a formulation of the third aspect to the plant structure or to the soil. In a further apect the invention provides for a method of upregulating Ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (RuBisCo) in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition of the first aspect or a formulation of the third aspect to the plant structure or to the soil. In still a further apect the invention provides for a method of reducing leaf transpiration in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition of the first aspect or a formulation of the third aspect to the plant structure or to the soil. In yet a further apect the invention provides for a method of downregulating inflammatory casacade pathways in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition of the first aspect or a formulation of the third aspect to the plant structure or to the soil. In a final aspect the invention provides for a method of upregulating or down regulating polination success in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition of the first aspect or a formulation of the third aspect to the plant structure. In preferred embodiments the compositions and formulations disclosed herein are foliar applied. Brief Description of Figures Figure 1 – is a photograph which depicts control (conventionally grown) and treated (plant biostimulant Example 1 + mycorrhiza fungi) wheat plants. The left panel shows control plants at the same stage of development on the left and treated plants on the right. The increase in biomass can be seen in the centre panel images and extends to root mass, and above ground biomass shown 30 days prior to harvest (dried plants, roots, tillers / leaf and grain from wheat heads) - control (middle panel lower images) and treated wheat from an imediately adjacent paddock (middle panel upper images). Finally, the wheat yielded from plant heads is shown in the right panel of two images. Lower image showing control yields compared to right panel upper image, which was the seed from increased yielding treated wheat plants. Figure 2 – is a graph that depicts comparable root weight (g) in grown lettuce in relation to a control nutrient media (which has none of the present actives), an old formulation (which comprises 1-triacontanol as the only active, and the new formulation as described in Example 2. Figure 3 – is a graph that depicts chlorophyll content in grown lettuce (applied foliar and to the root) in relation to a control nutrient media (which has none of the present actives), an old formulation (which comprises 1-triacontanol as only active), and the new formulation as described in Example 2. Figure 4 – is a graph that depicts root weight (g) in grown lettuce (applied foliar and to the root) in relation to a control nutrient media (which has none of the present actives), an old formulation (which comprises 1-triacontanol as only active), and the new formulation as described in Example 2. Detailed Descprition It will be appreciated that the present invention provides compostions, which may be in the form of organic solvent concentrates, liquid emulsified concentrates, aqueous formulations and freeze-dried / solid compostions. Both the organic solvent concentrates and freeze- dried / solid compostions may be formulated with water in order to prepare the aqueous formulations which are ready to be applied to a plant. In this regard the skilled person will undertsand that refernece to the phrase "which are (is) ready to be applied to a plant" means that the referred to compsotions and formulations are prepared for direct application to the plant with the required amounts of the active ingredients. This will typically take the form of diluted aqueous compostions / formulations and as such these compostions / formulations will be diluted with water to a level such that the applied formulation has the amounts of the active ingedients as disclosed herein. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that for other compositions (i.e, those that are concentrates ready to be diluted and applied) the amounts of each of the active ingredients can be in much higher amounts than those disclosed herein. In all embodiments, the compositions and / or formulations comprise a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; metal oxide or derivative or salt thereof; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or salicylic acid or a salt thereof and an organic solvent. In certain other embodiments, the compositions and / or formulations comprise a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, titanium oxide, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof and an organic solvent. In certain other embodiments, the compositions and / or formulations comprise a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof, salicylic acid or a salt thereof, and an organic solvent. In certain other embodiments, the organic solvent is methanol or an aqueuos methanol solvent (eg methylated spirits (about 70% aqueous methanol solution). In certain other embodiments, the organic solvent is gylcerol. In certain other embodiments, the fatty alcohol is 1-triacontanol. In certain other embodiments, the fatty alcohol is policosanol (which is a mixture of fatty alcohols (C28-C32)). In certain other embodiments, the fatty alcohol is octocosanol. In certain other embodiments, the fatty alcohol is nonacosanol. In certain other embodiments, the fatty alcohol is triacosanol. Chemical definitions Octocosanol, Nonacosanol, 1-Triacontanol (n-triacontanol) and 1-Dotriacontanol (Lacceryl alcohol) are fatty alcohols of the general formula C(28-32)H(58-66)O. 1-Triacontanol (also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol) is depicted below as an example of one of the four fatty alcohols embodied within the invention: These are typically found in plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax. For instance, Triacontanol is a growth stimulant for many plants, most notably roses, in which it rapidly increases the number of basal breaks. The present invention also contemplates the use of policosanol (a mixture of octacosanol, 1-triacontanol and 1-dotriacontanol) as well as 1-Triacontanol in isolation are natural plant biostimulants. Triacontanol is used to increase the growth of plants by enhancing the rates of photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, the transport of nutrients in a plant and enzyme activity, reducing complex carbohydrates among many other purposes. The fatty alcohol appears to increase the physiological efficiency of plant cells and boost the potential of the cells responsible for the growth and maturity of a plant. 2-acetoxybenzoic acid is also know as Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the following formula: The present invention also contemplates the use of salicylic acid of the following formula: invention also contemplates salt forms such as sodium salicylate and magnesium salicylate. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), also known as titanium (IV) oxide or titania, is an inorganic compound which is often used as a pigment called titanium white (Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891). It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. In certain emodiments the TiO2is used in a salt form such as TiO2NaK. In preferred embodiments the TiO2 is nano-anatase TiO2. The crystalline structure of anatase TiO2 is tetragonal and are different from rutile TiO2. In certain embodiments the TiO2 is added as an oxidised TiO composition so that the TiO2 can upregulate light capture and the electron transport chain in chloroplasts. For instance the composition may include: potassium bicarbonate; sodium bicarbonate; tartrate to fully chelate bicarbonates; and TiO and sufficient limolene to oxidise all TiO to TiO2, so it can upregulate light capture and the electron transport chain in chloroplasts. The present invention also contemples the use with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) or a derivative which produces ZnO in vivo such as Zn Carbonate (ZnCO3) or Zn Acetate (ZnC₄H₆O₄), and hydrate forms thereof, as an additional ingredient to TiO2, or as a substitute metal oxide. Compositions It will be appreciated that the actives in the present compositions are added as per ppm and ppb relative to the total volume of the compostion. One ppm is equivalent to 1milligram of each active per litre of the composition. It will also be appreciated that the compostions disclosed herein may be in the form of concentrates which can be diluted with water to form the aqueous formulations disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, and with respest to the compostion aspects, the a fatty alcohol of formula (C(28-32)H(58-66)O), or mixture of said fatty alcohols, is added at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm (relative to the total volume of the compositon), such as about 150ppb, 250ppb, 300ppb, 350ppb, 400ppb, 450ppb, 500ppb, 550ppb, 600ppb, 650ppb, 700ppb, 750ppb, 800ppb, 850ppb, 900ppb, or about 950 ppb, or a range between any two of these figures. In certain embodiments, and with respest to the compostion aspects, the 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof is added at about 3ppm to about 300ppm (relative to the total volume of the compositon), such as about 5ppm, 10ppm 15ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 60ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 850ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm, 105ppm 120ppm, 140ppm, 150ppm, 160ppm, 170ppm, 180ppm, 190ppm, 200ppm, 220ppm, 230ppm, 240ppm, 250ppm, 260ppm, 270ppm, 280ppm, or about 290ppm, or a range between any two of these figures. In certain embodiments, and with respest to the compostion aspects, the salicylic acid or a salt thereof is added at about 3ppm to about 300ppm (relative to the total volume of the compositon), such as about 5ppm, 10ppm 15ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 60ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 850ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm, 105ppm 120ppm, 140ppm, 150ppm, 160ppm, 170ppm, 180ppm, 190ppm, 200ppm, 220ppm, 230ppm, 240ppm, 250ppm, 260ppm, 270ppm, 280ppm, or about 290ppm, or a range between any two of these figures. In certain embodiments, and with respest to the compostion aspects, the titanium oxide is added at about 50ppb to about 5ppm (relative to the total volume of the compositon), such as about 60ppb, 80ppb, 100ppb, 120ppb, 150ppb, 250ppb, 300ppb, 350ppb, 400ppb, 450ppb, 500ppb, 550ppb, 600ppb, 650ppb, 700ppb, 750ppb, 800ppb, 850ppb, 900ppb, 950 ppb, 1ppm, 1.5ppm, 2ppm, 2.5ppm, 3ppm, 3.5ppm, 4ppm, or about 4.5ppm, or a range between any two of these figures. In certain embodiments, and with respest to the compostion aspects, the titanium oxide is replaced with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) or a derivative which produces ZnO physiologically in vivo such as Zn Carbonate (ZnCO3) or Zn Acetate (ZnC₄H₆O₄), added at about 50ppb to about 5ppm (relative to the total volume of the compositon), such as about 60ppb, 80ppb, 100ppb, 120ppb, 150ppb, 250ppb, 300ppb, 350ppb, 400ppb, 450ppb, 500ppb, 550ppb, 600ppb, 650ppb, 700ppb, 750ppb, 800ppb, 850ppb, 900ppb, 950 ppb, 1ppm, 1.5ppm, 2ppm, 2.5ppm, 3ppm, 3.5ppm, 4ppm, or about 4.5ppm, or a range between any two of these figures. In certain embodiments the formulation may be organic solvent free. In certain embodiments the formulation include an organic solvent and may further be solubilised with one or more emulsifying agents. In certain embodiments the formulation comprises a quantities of an organic solvent which is a polar protic solvent. In certain embodiments the organic solvent is a polar protic solvent selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, t-butanol, glycerol and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments the organic solvent is methanol. In certain embodiments the organic solvent is glycerol. In certain preferred embodiments the organic solvent is an aqueous methanol solution. In certain preferred embodiments the organic solvent is an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water). Accordingly, in certain embodiments the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and methanol. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an aqueous methanol solution. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water). Accordingly, in certain embodiments the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and glycerol. The liquid compositions may take the form of, but not limited to, solutions or suspensions. Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with agriculturally acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives, or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or gum acacia or gum xanthan); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters, ethyl alcohol, or fractionated vegetable oils); preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid); acids (e.g., phosphoric acid, or citric acid) or by simply mixing the active ingredients in the polar protic solvent such as methanol or glycerol, or a combinaion of glycerol and quanties of methanol to enhance shelf life stability. In one embodiemnt the composition takes the form of an emulsified concentrate which comprises the aforementioned ingredients with one or more emulsifying agents. In certain embodiments the one or more emulsifying agents are selected from one or more of the following: Lecithin (such as soy lecithin), acacia (such as gum Acacia), polysorbates, polysaccharide based emulsifying agents such as xanthan gum, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM (diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono- and diglycerides), calcium steroyl-2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate. Accordingly, in certain embodiments the liquid compostion is an emulsified concentrate which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; methanol; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents. In a certain embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents. In certain embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); at least one or more emulsifying agents agents. In certain embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; methanol; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl- 2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate. In a certain embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl- 2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate. In certain embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl- 2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate. Accordingly, in certain embodiments the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and one or more emulsifying agents. Accordingly, in certain embodiments the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and one or more emulsifying agents, selected from soy lecithicin, gum acacia, and gum xanthan. Accordingly, in certain embodiments the liquid compostion comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; one or more emulsifying agents, selected from soy lecithicin, gum acacia, and gum xanthan; and glycerol. In a preferred embodiment the emulsifying agent is soy lecithin. In certain embodiments the compostions of the present invention comprise a quantity of an inorganic or organic acid or inorganic acid in order to maintain the composition of a pH of between 2-5, such as about 2-4, or such as about 2.5-3.5. In other embodiments the compostions do not include an acid and are able to maintain a pH in the range of 6-8. For instance, in certain preferred embodiments the compostions are formulated with eutectic sodium and / or potassium sulfate prepared by reacting, inter alia, epsom salt (MgSO4) with postassium hydroxide and / or sodium hydroxide. These eutectics are added as potent formulation stabiliers and in nature faciliate resource movements between fungi and plants and through soil profiles. In certain embodiments the compostions of the present invention also comprise a quantity of a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT- C6 to C12) such as coconut oil or palm kernal oil. In certain embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; MCT Coconut Oil; Soy Lecithin; Methanol; Phosphoric Acid; TiO2NaK-Tartrate-Limonene NanoSolution; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof. In certain other embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols - at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; MCT Coconut Oil – at about 50mL to 150mL; Soy Lecithin – at about 5g to 20g; Methanol; Phosphoric Acid; TiO2NaK-Tartrate-Limonene NanoSolution - at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In certain embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; Soy Lecithin; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof. In certain other embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols - at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; Soy Lecithin – at about 5g to 20g; glycerol; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In certain other embodiments the liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols - at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; Soy Lecithin – at about 5g to 20g; glycerol; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and one or more additional emulsifying agents, selected from gum acacia and gum xanthan. It will be appreciated that the above liquid compositions can be solidified using stand freeze- dried techniques. When this is done the compostions may be presented, and packaged for storage and transport, as an intimate particle mixture or agglomerate. Thus the solid compostions may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle (e.g., water) before use. Accordingly the invention also provides a solid compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. Accordingly the invention also provides a solid compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In certain embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In certain embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. The invention also provides a solid freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl- 2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate. The invention also provides a solid freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, gum acacia, gum lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl-2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate. In certain embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents including lecithin. In certain embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents including lecithin. In certain embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; MCT Coconut Oil; Soy Lecithin; Methanol; Phosphoric Acid; TiO2NaK-Tartrate-Limonene NanoSolution; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof. In certain embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; Soy Lecithin; Glycerol; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof. In certain other embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols - at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; MCT Coconut Oil – at about 50mL to 150mL; Soy Lecithin – at about 5g to 20g; Methanol; Phosphoric Acid; TiO2NaK-Tartrate-Limonene NanoSolution - at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In certain other embodiments, the solid compostion is a freeze-dried compostion which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols - at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; Soy Lecithin – at about 5g to 20g; Glycerol; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm. In certain embodiments the formulation comprises (before any water is added): Ingredient %w / v total composition Tricacontanol 2-15% Soy Lecithin 1-12% Gum Acacia 0.5-7% Gum Xanthan 0.2-5% Glycerol 12-60% Epsom salts 0.5-10% Salicylic acid 0.5-10% KOH (to prepare K2SO4) 3-15% NaOH (to prepare Na2SO4) 1-10% Zinc Acetate 10-40% In certain embodiments the formulation comprises (before any water is added): Ingredient %w / v total composition Tricacontanol 4-12% Soy Lecithin 2-10% Gum Acacia 1-5% Gum Xanthan 0.5-3% Glycerol 10-50% Epsom salts 1-5% Salicylic acid 1-5% K2SO4 (to prepare K2SO4) 5-12% Na2SO4(to prepare Na2SO4) 2-8% Zinc Acetate 15-30% In certain embodiments the formulation consists essentially of (before any water is added): Ingredient %w / v total composition Tricacontanol 2-15% Soy Lecithin 1-12% Gum Acacia 0.5-7% Gum Xanthan 0.2-5% Glycerol 12-60% Epsom salts 0.5-10% Salicylic acid 0.5-10% KOH (to prepare K2SO4) 3-15% NaOH (to prepare Na2SO4) 1-10% Zinc Acetate 10-40% In certain embodiments the formulation consists essentially of (before any water is added): Ingredient %w / v total composition Tricacontanol 4-12% Soy Lecithin 2-10% Gum Acacia 1-5% Gum Xanthan 0.5-3% Glycerol 10-50% Epsom salts 1-5% Salicylic acid 1-5% K2SO4 (to prepare K2SO4) 5-12% Na2SO4(to prepare Na2SO4) 2-8% Zinc Acetate 15-30% Aqueous formulations As mentioned above the compositions can be diluted with water to form the aqueous formulations disclosed below. In a third aspect the invention provides for aqueous formulations comprising a composition of the first aspect, the liquid emulsified concentrate or a freeze-dried / solid compostion of the second aspect. Where the composition is in liquid form (including an emulsified concentrate), in certain embodiments the aqueous formulation comprises about 1L of the liquid compostion to about 50-200L of water. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and methanol. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and glycerol. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an aqueous methanol solution. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water). In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); and at least one emulsifing agent. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; and at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan. In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); at least one emulsifing agent; and water qs*. *quantum satis In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; and water qs*. *quantum satis In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; magnesium sulphate (epsom salts); and water qs*. *quantum satis In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; magnesium sulphate (epsom salts); at least one inorganic base; and water qs*. *quantum satis In certain embodiments the liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; magnesium sulphate (epsom salts); at least one inorganic base selected from potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH); and water qs*. *quantum satis Where the composition is in liquid form, in certain embodiments the aqueous formulation comprises about 1L of the liquid compostion to about 100L of water. Where the composition is in freeze-dried / solid form, in certain embodiments the aqueous formulation comprises about 1Kg of the solid compostion to about 50-200L of water. Where the composition is in freeze-dried / solid form, in certain embodiments the aqueous formulation comprises about 1Kg of the solid compostion to about 100L of water. In certain embodiments both the compositions and formulations disclosed herein may further comprise one of more agriculturally acceptable vehicles. As used herein, “agriculturally acceptable vehicle” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and penetration agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible to the plant species. Examples of agriculturally acceptable vehicles include one or more of water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, lecithin, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol and the like, as well as combinations thereof. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the composition. Agriculturally acceptable vehicles may further comprise minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives or buffers, which enhance the shelf life or effectiveness of the formulation / compositions as disclosed herein. The formulations may therefore take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and / or dispersing agents. Methods of application In certain embodiments the aqueous formultions may be applied in an effective amount to said plant (or part thereof), crop, or the soil assosoiated with said plant. Where application is directed to hydroponic production an effective amount of either the compostions or formulations may be added directly to the hydroponic aqueous growth media. The term "effective amount” includes within its meaning a non-toxic but sufficient amount of the compositions / formulations to provide the desired effect. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject depending on factors such as the plant species being treated, the severity of the weather conditions being treated, the particular agent being administered and the mode of administration and so forth. Thus, it is not possible to specify an exact “effective amount”. However, for any given case, an appropriate “effective amount” may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using only routine experimentation. In certain embodiments, and especially for broad crop acrage, about 1-10L of the formulation is applied to about 50-200 hectares. In certain embodiments, and especially for broad crop acrage, about 1-10L of the formulation is applied to about 100 hectares. In certain embodiments, and especially for broad crop acrage, about 1-10L of the formulation is applied to about 50-200 hectares, and applied on a weekly basis. In certain embodiments, and especially for broad crop acrage, about 1-10L of the formulation is applied to about 100 hectares, and applied on a weekly basis. In certain embodiments, and especially for broad crop acrage, about 110L of the formulation is applied to about 50-200 hectares, and applied on a weekly basis for 7-10 weeks. In certain embodiments, and especially for broad crop acrage, about 1-10L of the formulation is applied to about 100 hectares, and applied on a weekly basis for 7-10 weeks. Application is typically spraying directly on the plant foliage or surrounding soil. The methods of the invention encompass application of the compositions formulated as neutral or salt forms. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed with anions such as those derived from hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, tartaric acids, etc., and those formed with cations such as those derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, ferric hydroxides, isopropylamine, triethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, etc. The theory and advantages Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventors have identified a working interrelationship between the active compounds disclosed herein which enhances plant growth. It is belived that a single or combination of fatty alcohols lowers the inflammatory cascade and increases the activity of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco,RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme involved in light-independent (or "dark") part of photosynthesis, including the carbon fixation by which atmospheric carbon dioxide isnconverted by plants and other photosynthetic organisms to energy-rich molecules such as glucose. In chemical terms, it catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (also known as RuBP). RuBisCO is important biologically because it catalyzes the primary chemical reaction by which inorganic carbon enters the biosphere. While many autotrophic bacteria and archaea fix carbon via the reductive acetyl CoA pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, or the reverse Krebs cycle, these pathways are relatively small contributors to global carbon fixation compared to that catalyzed by RuBisCO. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, unlike RuBisCO, only temporarily fixes carbon. RuBisCO is the most abundant protein in leaves, accounting for 50% of soluble leaf protein in C3 plants (20–30% of total leaf nitrogen) and 30% of soluble leaf protein in C4plants (5–9% of total leaf nitrogen). Increased RuBisCO quantity enhances CO2 landing sites improving photosynthetic capabilities. A single or combination of fatty alcohols is also considered to increase levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG) within the plant. MGDG is the major lipid component of chloroplast membranes and is proposed to act directly in many important plastidic processes, especially during photosysthesis. As such increased levels of MGDG throughout the plant including Photostem I improves photosynthetic capabilities of said plant. Furthermore, the the inventors’ postulate that MGDG levels in root exudate signal low Pi (inorganic phosphate) status to AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) enhancing both speeds of symbiosis occurrence and stimulating the occurrence of symbiosis between for instance, Brassica plants and AMF. The deficiency of phosphorus in the soil severly affects crop production worldwide. Plants uptake phosphorus from the rhizosphere or from solutions in the form of Pi and respond to low Pi stress. Low Pi stress inhibits the growth of primary roots with the production of more lateral roots and root hairs for increased topsoil foraging of Pi. Phosphate Transporter families, which are involved in acquisition of Pi from soil, are induced under low Pi stress. It is posutlated that the compostions of the present invention further act to enhance the efficient access to Pi in the soil environment in order to minimise or avoid Pi stress in the plant because plant microbiomes in the soil can share and even direct Pi to plants in need of that resource. Thus triacontanol also signals / directs the plant it is applied to to opt for the production of galactolipids (like MGDG) within the root zone in place of phospholipids which helps initiate mycorrhizal symbiosis allowing plants such as Brassicas to experience the benefits of AMF. It is further postulated that a single or combination of fatty alcohols in the compositions enhances chlorophyll content, mitigates against salinity effects and aids in the closure of stomata to reduce transpiration rate, while enhancing CO2 draw-in. In relation to lowering the inflammatory cascade it is believed that a single or combination of fatty alcohols enhances the production of galactolipids (e.g., MGDG), and not phospholipids which downregulates inflammatory responses. Decreased levels of lipoxygenase (LOX) reduces levels of inflammatory actives that in-turn activate inflammatory pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, a single or combination of fatty alcohols is thought to regulate gene expression when a plant is responding to stress conditions by increasing its enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Notably, it also increases photosynthetic pigments and can maintain growth along with increasing the compatible osmolyte accumulation in plants. Thus a single or combination of fatty alcohols is thought to be a competitive 5-LOX Inhibitor, 40angstrom in length matching the 5LOX inlet port length on the hypotenuse, RuBisCO stimulation occurring at as little as 100ppb through to 1ppm, stomata undergoes great closure after application greatly minimizes leaf transpiration rate while improving CO2draw-in rate. The inventors have through trial and error determined that that smaller the emulsified micelle containing a single or combination of fatty alcohols within the emulsion, the better the formulation stability and shelf-life and use efficiency as the smaller micelles can be absorbed via stomata and plant cuticles. It is postulated that with a photocatalyzed characteristic, TiO2 and especially nano-anatase TiO2under light may cause an oxidation-reduction reaction. In conjunction with a single or combination of fatty alcohols the inventors postulate that TiO2promotes photosynthesis and greatly improve plant growth. For instance the inventors understand that nano-anatase TiO2 could greatly improve whole chain electron transport, photoreduction activity of photosystem II, O2-evolving and photophosphorylation activity of plant Chl not only under visible light, but also energy-enriched electron from nanoanatase TiO2, which entered Chl under ultraviolet light and was transferred in photosynthetic electron transport chain and made NADP+ be reduced into NADPH, and coupled to photophosphorylation and made electron energy be transformed to ATP. Moreover, nanoanatase h+, which photogenerated electron holes, captured an electron from water, which accelerated water photolysis and O2 evolution. Zinc derivtives and Salts (like Zinc Acetate) — Reacting with sugars, sulphates, and acetates in the formulation to generate three Zinc compounds, each uniquely helping provide a higher capacity to absorb light (photons) and turn light and CO2 into building blocks for growth and reproduction. Soy Lecithin — The phospholipids that make Soy Lecithin provide not only essential nutrients in the forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorous, but also critically, choline which can transfer methanol groups to the third Manganese of the water oxidisation complex (WOC- CaMn4O5). Providing methanol as a catalyst to the WOC allows the structural fold to be achieved more efficiently and with less energy expended as it breaks H2O apart which provides the protons that power energy production. The hydrophobic chains encase a core of triacontanol to form a milk-like stable micellular aqua-solution / suspension. Magnesium Salicylate — Salicylic acid is a potent COX inhibitor. Combined with Triacontanol, a potent LOX inhibitor, it dramatically reduces ROS damage and enhances overall enzymatic activities necessary for photosynthesis, plant growth, development, productivity, shelf-life and profitability. Magnesium is an essential co-factor for increased chlorophyll production, which occurs optimally in the absence of ROS stress. Gum Acacia — Naturally occurring sugar polymers have multiple applications in this formulation, one of which is acting as an effective emulsificant for the highly hydrophobic organic bioactives. We have combined this ingredient with other emulsification agents to generate a bioactive CORE coated by a protective SHELL that makes for a robust and stable emulsion without needing synthetic non-biologic and non-organic emulsification agents, detergents or surfactants. Gum Xanthan — Produced by Xanthomonas bacteria, Xanthan is a potent exopolysaccharide that aids in the adhesion of the beneficial biochemicals and or biologicals to plant surfaces or seeds, helping to promote beneficial pro-biotic impacts as well as root colonisation when used in seed inoculants / coatings. Eutectic Sodium / Potassium Sulfate — Eutectics are potent formulation stabilisers and in nature facilitate resource movements between fungi and plants and through soil profiles. Methanol is one of the closest analogues of water. EPR spectroscopy studies have shown that methanol binds at—or at least very close to—the Mn4O x Ca cluster of photosystem II (PSII). In contrast, Clark-type oxygen rate measurements demonstrate that the O2 evolving activity of PSII is surprisingly unaffected by methanol concentrations of up to 10%. In the present compostions the inventors have used methanol to beneficially modulate photosynthetic water-splitting. There is predicted to be a linear dependence of the miss parameter for S i state advancement on the methanol concentrations in the range of 0–10% (v / v). This finding is consistent with the idea that methanol binds in PSII with similar affinity as water to one or both substrate binding sites at the Mn4O x Ca cluster. The possibility is discussed that the two substrate water molecules bind at different stages of the cycle, one during the S4 → S0 and the other during the S2 → S3 transition. In all oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms (cyanobacteria, green algae, and higher plants) water-splitting takes place at the μ-oxo bridged tetra-manganese calcium cluster (Mn4OxCa, with 4 ≤ x ≤ 8) of photosystem II (PSII). This process is energetically driven by strongly oxidizing equivalents that are generated one at a time following light absorption in the chlorophyll-containing reaction center of PSII. In turn the Mn4OxCa cluster is oxidized stepwise and cycles through five oxidation states that are referred to as S i states. In Mn4OxCa methylation of Mn3+ with methanol assists with improving folding speed. When methanol is foliar applied at about 2% the methanol bonds to the third Mn cluster allowing the CaMn4O5 to fold faster and split water quicker allowing a faster respiration of water. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life including plants. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated immunity is known. Their functions comprise direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites as well as redox-regulation of immune signalling and induction of inflammasome activation. In the repsent invention the added asprin (2-acetoxybenzoic acid) in the compostion aids in the reducing ROS and oxidative stress associated with ROS build up (such as inflammatory response), and also contributes to permanent COX inhibition improving RuBisCO stimulation along with plant growth and development. Furthermore, it is postulated that plant physiology changes from exposure to a single or combination of fatty alcohols upregulates or down regulates plant flower attractiveness to pollinators Furthermore, it is also postulated C32 – increases stability and decreases foaming of fatty alcohol formulations once diluted in polar solvents like water to aid foliar application to plants. Prepartion of formulations Typical process: The compostions may be prepared by initially heating the 1-triacontanol slightly above its melting point, which is around 86°C (187°F). One may use MCT such as coconut oil (fat soluble) as the carrier oil for a single or combination of fatty alcohols. This may further aid in dispersing a single or combination of fatty alcohols which are highly lipophilic. An emulsifier such as soy or egg lecithin may be then added. Lecithin contains phospholipids that have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and lipophilic (fat-attracting) properties. This aids with the creation of a stable emulsion by reducing the surface tension between the oil and water phases. One may use about 0.5-1% wt / wt of lecithin by weight of the total composition. Water is gradually add water to the mixture of triacontanol, MCT, and lecithin while continuously mixing. This will form the water phase of the emulsion. Optionally, sugar can also help stabilize the emulsion. Sucrose molecules can associate with water molecules, giving them less opportunity to disrupt the oil droplets. Additionally, sugar can increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase which can also contribute to stabilizing the emulsion. High Shear Mixing or Homogenization: One my use high shear mixing or homogenization to create a fine emulsion. This mechanical process will break down the triacontanol and oil into very small droplets that are dispersed throughout the water phase. Optionally, small amounts of a food-grade alcohol like ethanol can be used to help reduce the interfacial tension and assist in the formation of smaller droplets. Cooling and Stability Testing: Once the emulsion is formed, it may be allowed to cool, for instance, to room temperature. Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the phrase "consisting essentially of", and variations such as "consists essentially of" will be understood to indicate that the recited element(s) is / are essential i.e. necessary elements of the invention. The phrase allows for the presence of other non- recited elements which do not materially affect the characteristics of the invention but excludes additional unspecified elements which would affect the basic and novel characteristics of the method defined. The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates. Certain embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the following examples which are intended for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the generality hereinbefore described. EXAMPLES Preparation of Formulations Example 1 – Emulsifed Concentrate Fatty alcohols (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) are long-chain fatty alcohols that are poorly soluble in water. To emulsify any of them efficiently at scale using natural and organically certified food grade ingredients, the inventors sought to create a formulation that allows the fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) to be dispersed in small particles throughout a water-based medium. 1L Product Equipment Required; Ingredient List & Amount Required; 1. Ingredients List: a. Fatty alcohol(s) ~43-45g b. MCT Coconut Oil - 100mL c. Soy Lecithin - 10g d. Methanol - 200mL e. DI Water - 700mL f. TiO2NaK-Tartrate-Limonene NanoSolution - 50ppm g. 2-acetoxybenzoic acid – 300ppm Prepartion method; 1. 1a.500mL Beaker with a stir bar is placed on a heat stir pad and set to 90*C. 1b.100mL MCT Coconut oil is added to the beaker and brought to temp. 1c.43.8g Triacontanol is added to MCTOil and dissolved into oil. 1d.10g Soy Lecithin is added to the beaker. 1e. Solution is mixed with a stir bar at medium speed until completely homogenous. 2. 2a.2L Beaker with stir bar is placed on heat stir pad and set to 100oC. 2b.700mL DI H2O is added to the beaker and brought to temperature. 2c. A sheer mixer or cavitating ultrasound is used in the aqueous phase to generate a vortex in the heated DI Water. 3. 3a. Heated MCTOil-Triacontanol-SoyLecithin mixture is then gradually added to the heated DIWater vortex. 3b. Then heating is turned off and mixing can continue as the solution returns to room temperature. 4. 4a. Once 800mL solution is at room temperature, 200mL Methanol is added to preserve the super concentrate solution. 5. 5a. TiO2NaK-Tartrate-Limonene Salt NanoSolution is added to the cooling solution once the temperature reaches 50oC. 5b.2-acetoxybenzoic acid is added to the cooling solution once the temperature reaches 40oC. TiO2NaK-Tartrate-Limonene Salt NanoSolution composition includes: 0.77M potassium bicarbonate 0.23M of sodium bicarbonate 1M of tartrate to fully chelate bicarbonates Equivalent 1M of TiO and sufficient limolene to oxidise all TiO to TiO2.so it can upregulate light capture and the electron transport chain in chloroplasts. 0.77M potassium bicarbonate 0.23M of sodium bicarbonate 1M of tartrate to fully chelate bicarbonates Equivalent 1M of TiO and sufficient limolene to oxidise all TiO to TiO2.

[0002] Plant growth test results based on 50 wheat plants treated with plant biostimulant as a foliar spray to emerged crop post inoculating seed with mycorrhiza fungi: Xincrease Harvest Results: >1.25t / Ha grain (vs control) Reduced screenings (small pinched seeds) by 2% by treating with plant biostimulant as a foliar spray to emerged crop post inoculating grain with mycorrhiza fungi by 2% Improved nutritional and commercial value of crop due to increased protein levels in grain induced by plant biostimulant foliar spray to emerged crop post inoculating seed with mycorrhiza fungi. Leafy Green horticultural production improvements treated via fertigation with plant biostimulant + mycorrhiza fungi as a foliar application to crop and the soil it was growing in: tment ys ek Example 2 – Emulsified Concentrate Formulation comprises (prior to or excluding H2O): Ingredient %w / v total composition Tricacontanol 8.9% Soy Lecithin 5.0% Gum Acacia 3.6% Gum Xanthan 1.1% Glycerol 40.3% Epsom salts 2.5% Salicylic acid 2.8% KOH 9.6% NaOH 4.1% Zinc Acetate 22.1%

[0003] *Designed to produce 10L super concentrate P I i A M h of e and w to l and w to l and w to l. quired] .77g of stand f KOH , allow eaker ng to an Sdi 10907 T Idiid l 2L B k Required] 20, .0 ml of g of allow ated, ughly bath for and , and ix, and ix, and x, and ix, and haken ual Ingredients included within 10L Super Concentrate to suit 500Ha O i M il El l M il N Chl i Materials 545.34g - 69g te ate The advantages of the above formaultions are as follows: Upregulate Photosynthesis Promote Fungal-Crop Symbiosis Increase Plant resilience Increase Water Use Efficiency Advance Stable-Carbon % in Soils Known symbiotic fungi formulations coupled with the presently described biostimulant formulations upregulate photosynthesis, downregulate plant inflammatory cascades, promote fungi-plant colonisation and increase water / nutrient use efficiencies. Their combined activities increase plant profitability / ha and lead to higher crop nutritional qualities as well as greater plant / soil health. Upregulating Photosynthesis: Plant productivity and profitability is correlated to photosynthetic rates. Photosynthetic rates are dependent on how well plants capture and use light, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients. Symbiotic fungi formulations helps plants access water and nutrients more efficiently than they can without symbiotic fungi colonisation of roots. The present formulations described herein upregulates the production of the green pigment plants need to capture and process light energy as well as critical enzyme complexes plants use to create energy for growth and reproduction. The present formulations described herein at the same time down-regulates plant inflammatory responses, which keeps productivity rates higher through a growing season as well as making them more resilient to disease, pests and weather extremes. The combined effects are increased profits per hectare for a majority of crop types (broadacre, horticulture, hydroponic). Water-Use-Efficiency (WUE): The amount of plant biomass grown per unit of water used. Enhancing WUE will result in greater yields per millilitre of rain or irrigation for host plant and symbiotic fungi, regardless of soil type, plant type, temperature, and humidity changes. At the leaf level, the present formulations described herein can change the gradients of CO2 and H2O which directly influence the biological processes controlling a plant's Water Use Efficiency, such that one can grow more using less water (rainfall or irrigation). Down-regulating Inflammation: Disease, pest and weather stress activate plant inflammatory responses. Primary and secondary inflammatory enzymes, 5- Lipoxygenase(5-LOX) and 2-Cyclooxygenase (2-COX) result in a build-up of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When ROS concentrations in the plant are too high they damage plant cells and structures. In certain embodiments present formulations described herein contains salicyclic acid (magnesium salt) which inhibits 2-COX and Triacontinol which inhibits 5-LOX. The combination allows plants to maintain or increase productivity / profitability and increase WUE under ideal growing conditions or when plants are under stressed growing conditions. Root-Exudate Signalling: The biochemical exudates involved in plant-to-plant, plant to fungi and fungi-to-fungi signalling mediate interactions across soil-hosted networks. The present formulations described herein triggers plants to make root exudates that promote root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi (AMFungi) regardless of soil phosphorous(P) levels. Low levels of P are known as a natural driver of root colonisation, but the fungi are often absent in soils due to conventional farming practices. Fungal / mycelial networks actively control nutrient and water resource sharing between plants. Plant-fungi assemblies respond to root exudates containing phospholipids, galactolipids and other organic compounds that are essential for fungal symbiotic colonisation of plant roots. The present formulations described herein directly impacts the composition of plant root exudates and drives the symbiotic connection between fungi and plants. Nutrient Rebalancing: Known symbiotic fungi formulations often contains zeolitic minerals, also termed volcanic isolates, as a carrying compound for beneficial fungi. In addition to providing a fungi homebase these minerals benefit soil cation-exchange capacity and provide an ideal soil architecture for AMFungi to store Glomalin (specialised organic exudates) for extended periods, enhancing soil health. Zeolites contain abundant nanochannels that act as mineral ‘sponges’ that store nutrients as well as other metals and metallic salts so the potential for leaching is reduced. Eutectic Mineral Complexes: Mineral combinations like Sodium and Potassium salts in the correct ratios allow for eutectic formations with other elements such as Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Manganese, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to optimise plant health and productivity. Long-Term Carbon Sequestration and Soil Health: Glomalin is soil's long-term natural organic glue produced by AMFungi to retain nutrients in root zones and reduce leaching and erosion. Glomalin consists of carbohydrates, proteins, nutrients and approx.9% iron, that all attract and hold water in soil profiles. Glomalin is excreted from and coats the hyphae of the AMFungi. Coated hyphae have an increased capacity to carry water and mineral nutrients to the roots of their host plants. Over time, glomalin binds soil particles together forming "aggregates" of different size. This clumping effect reduces soil compaction because the larger clumps pack together less tightly, allowing spaces for air and water infiltration and increases soil biota / biological activity. Glomalin reduces soil erosion by increasing soil porosity and CEC, but not soil dispersion characteristics or sodicity. The chosen ingredients and manufacturing methodology allow the production of micelles containing the active ingredients which make them more bioavailable at lower concentrations than bio-similar products. These qualities are the co-factors of bioactivity that are built into the formulation products disclosed herein.

Claims

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. A liquid composition comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; metal oxide or derivative or salt thereof; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or salicyclic acid, or a salt thereof; and an organic solvent.

2. A liquid composition according to claim 1 comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, titanium oxide, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof, and an organic solvent.

3. A liquid composition according to claim 1 comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof, salicyclic acid or a salt thereof, and an organic solvent.

4. A solid / freeze-dried composition comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols; metal oxide or derivative or salt thereof; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or salicyclic acid, or a salt thereof.

5. A solid / freeze-dried composition according to claim 4 comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof, salicyclic acid or a salt thereof.

6. A solid / freeze-dried composition according to claim 4 comprising a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols, titanium oxide, and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof.

7. A liquid compostion according to claim 1 which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent.

8. A liquid compostion ready to be applied to a plant which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and methanol.

9. A liquid compostion according to claim 1 which comprises comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent.

10. A liquid compostion ready to be applied to a plant which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and glycerol.

11. An aqueous formulation comprising a compostion or a freeze-dried compostion of of anyone of claims 1 to 10.

12. An aqueous formulation according to claim 11 comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm.

13. An aqueous formulation according to claim 11 comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less that 1ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent.

14. An aqueous formulation according to claim 11 comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; and salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm.

15. An aqueous formulation according to claim 11 comprising: a fatty alcohol (C28-C32) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to lessthan 1 ppm; zinc oxide or derivative or salt thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an organic solvent, preferably glycerol.

16. A liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is an emulsified concentrate which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; methanol; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents.

17. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents.

18. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); at least one or more emulsifying agents agents.

19. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb toless than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; methanol; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl-2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate.

20. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution; and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl-2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate.

21. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); and at least one or more emulsifying agents agents selected from lecithin, polysorbates, sucrose esters, sorbitan tristearate, cetearyl alcohol, sorbitan monolaurate, DATEM, calcium steroyl-2-lactylate, sorbitan monoleate, carrageenan,mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and stearyl aceatate isobutyrate.

22. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and one or more emulsifying agents.

23. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and one or more emulsifying agents, selected from soy lecithicin, gum acacia, and gum xanthan.

24. A liquid composition according to claim 1 which is a liquid emulsified concentrate which comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; one or more emulsifying agents, selected from soy lecithicin, gum acacia, and gum xanthan; and glycerol.

25. The liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; andan aqueous methanol solution.

26. The liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; and an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water).

27. The liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); and at least one emulsifing agent.

28. The liquid composition according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; and at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan.

29. The liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; titanium oxide at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid and a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm;an aqueous methanol solution, which is methylated spirits (ie, 70% methanol in water); at least one emulsifing agent; and water qs*. *quantum satis.

30. The liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; and water qs*. *quantum satis.

31. The liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; magnesium sulphate (epsom salts); and water qs*. *quantum satis.

32. The liquid compostion according to claim 1 which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm;glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; magnesium sulphate (epsom salts); at least one inorganic base; and water qs*. *quantum satis.

33. The liquid compostion which is ready to be applied to a plant and comprises: a fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) or mixture of said fatty alcohols at about 100ppb to less than 1 ppm; zinc oxide or a derivative thereof at about 50ppb to about 5ppm; salicyclic acid or a salt thereof at about 3ppm to about 300ppm; glycerol; at least one other emulsifing agent seleceted from gum Acacia and gum xanthan; magnesium sulphate (epsom salts); at least one inorganic base selected from potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH); and water qs*. *quantum satis.

34. A composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 33 wherein the fatty alcohol (C(28-32)H(58-66)O) is 1-triacontanol.

35. A compostion according to anyone of claims 3, 5, 9, 10, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34 wherein the zino xide or derivative thereof is zinc acetate.

36. A compostion according to claim 35 wherein the salicyclic acid or a salt thereof is magnesium salicylate.

37. A compostion according to anyone of claims 34 to 36 wherein the compoistion has a pH of about 6-8.

38. A compostion according to anyone of claims 34 to 36 wherein the compoistion further comprises sodium sulfate and / or potassium sulfate.

39. A compostion according to anyone of claims 1 to 38, wherein the compostion is combined with a compostion comprising mycorrhiza fungi.

40. A method of enhancing mycorrhizal symbiosis in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition or a formulation according toanyone of claims 1 to 39 to the plant structure or to the soil.

41. A method according to claim 40 wherein the compostion or formulation according to anyone of claims 1 to 35, is applied with a compostion comprising a mycorrhiza fungi.

42. A method of upregulating Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (RuBisCo) in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition or a formulation according to anyone of claims 1 to 39 to the plant structure or to the soil.

43. A method of reducing leaf transpiration in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition or a formulation according to anyone of claims 1 to 39 to the plant structure or to the soil.

44. A method of downregulating inflammatory casacade pathways in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition or a formulation according to anyone of claims 1 to 39 to the plant structure or to the soil.

45. A method of upregulating or down regulating polination success in a plant, said method including the step of applying an effective amount of a composition or a formulation according to anyone of claims 1 to 39 to the plant structure.

46. A method according to anyone of claims 40 to 45 wherein the composition or formulation is applied to the foliage (foliar feeding).

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