pH ADJUSTER COMPRISING POLYAMINE-LACTONE / LACTIDE BASED REACTION PRODUCT(S) AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

Abstract

The present application provides a pH adjuster comprising a reaction product, obtained from the partial reaction of at least one polyamine with at least one lactone or lactide, which comprises a mono-substituted product having at least one primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group and a hydroxy group; and further comprises a di-substituted product, and an unreacted polyamine. The pH adjuster comprising a reaction product is useful in a wide variety of compositions and applications thereof.

Description

Docket No.: 4361PCT pH ADJUSTER COMPRISING POLYAMINE-LACTONE / LACTIDE BASED REACTION PRODUCT(S) AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present application provides a pH adjuster comprising a reaction product, obtained from the partial reaction of at least one polyamine with at least one lactone or lactide, which comprises a mono-substituted product having at least one primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group and a hydroxy group. The pH adjuster is useful in a wide variety of compositions and applications. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Polymers have a defined pH and are made in a specific method. Whether a polymer requires pH adjustment depends on the type of polymer because polymer stability is sometimes pH dependent. In general, all polymers in dispersion have reasonable stability between pH 7.5 and 8.5, while some, like vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymers, can withstand a pH of 5 and even some varieties of polyvinylchloride (PVC), can withstand a pH of 1. There are several factors that can destabilize a polymer, like changes in pH, that can have a direct impact on desired properties, for example malfunction of the additives, generating a film with properties of low adhesion, poor color quality, bad texture, low brightness, procreation of bacteria and consequently a bad smell. Hence, good product stability of various compositions can be achieved with a suitable pH adjuster.

[0003] A pH adjuster of the present application can be added to a formulation in certain amounts and can be utilized to obtain a desired pH value in the final composition or in the preparation of active ingredient. Such compositions include, but are not limited to, personal care (e.g., hair care, sun care, skin care, oral care), adhesives, coatings, paints, electronics, household, industrial and institutional (HI&I) compositions, inks, membranes, metal working fluids, oilfield chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, textiles, industrial products, biocides, pharmaceuticals / nutraceuticals, and agrochemical compositions.

[0004] It has been known to add a pH adjusting compound to the active component or to the composition to adjust the pH of the medicament and improve the release of the active principle. pH adjusters can significantly affect the overall performance of various formulations, even though they are normally only added in levels ranging from 0.1% to 95% of the compositions.Docket No.: 4361PCT Manufacturers can change the pH of their formulations in several ways, depending on the composition. The pH adjuster can be added to a formulation or in preparation of any active compound. Thus, the pH adjuster can be utilized in any amount necessary to obtain a desired pH value in the final composition.

[0005] JP Patent 9137095 A discloses an aqueous recording ink with good storage stability comprising triethanolamine as pH adjuster.

[0006] KR Publication 2013015340 A discloses a cream composition useful for treating atopic dermatitis and skin inflammation, containing semen armeniacae extract, cortex magnoliae extract, radix sanguisorbae extract, solvent, glyceryl stearate, sorbitan stearate, stearic acid and triethanol amine as a pH adjusting agent.

[0007] US 20020189034 A1 discloses a primary agent for a two-agent hair dyeing / bleaching composition containing alkali agents, water-soluble ammonium salt and pH adjuster selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylic acids and their salts.

[0008] JP Patent 06265624 B2 discloses an external pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) luliconazole and / or its salt and includes pH adjusters selected from the group which consists of urea, a diisopropanolamine, a triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, and trometamol.

[0009] US publication 20230053399 A1 discloses an agricultural adjuvant comprising at least one polyphenol containing natural or synthetic oil composition including black currant seed oil, at least one anionic surfactant, at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one pH adjuster selected for the group which consists of sodium hydroxide and citric acid monohydrate.

[0010] US Publication 20140272422 A1 discloses an anti-corrosion composition for natural gas recovery comprising an epoxy resin, curing agent and surfactant comprising an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid at least partially neutralized to a pH of from about 6-11 with a neutralizing agent selected from the group consisting of ammonia, the morpholine alkyl amines, the cyclohexylamines, the alkanolamines, the alkylene amines, and mixtures thereof.

[0011] US Patent 10836856 B2 discloses [(dimethylamino)alkyl]-imino-dialcohol pH neutralizing agents for use as low volatile compound (VOC) containing aqueous and organic coating compositions.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0012] US Patent 9403997 B2 discloses paint formulations neutralized with a non-VOC pH neutralizing agent of an amino phosphate, an amino phosphonate, amino sulfate, or amino sulfonate.

[0013] PCT application 2010151479 A2 discloses polyhydroxy-diamines as a low odor, low VOC multi-functional additives for paints and coatings.

[0014] US patent 9017473 B2 discloses neutralizing agent comprising at least one neutralizing group N and at least one nitrogenous associative group bonded together by at least one “spacer” group for paints.

[0015] US Publication 20120202966A1 discloses a polyester and co-polyester composition prepared by reacting at least one lactone and at least one alcohol or amine (as starter) in the presence of bismuth triflate as a catalyst.

[0016] EP patent 3428216 B1 discloses a preparation of amino-functional polyester from reaction of a lactone monomer, catalyst, and polyamine having primary and secondary amino group in the application of adhesives.

[0017] CN Patent 101434687A discloses a preparation of epoxy cured agent involving dripping a specified amount of butyrolactone into aliphatic polyamine or aromatic polyamine at specified condition and curing at room temperature.

[0018] FR Patent 1224810 A discloses products of reaction of gamma-lactones with polyamines.

[0019] CN Patent 103408726 B discloses a toughened epoxy resin curing agent composed of a mixture of compounds A and B, formed by the reaction between a polyamine and cyclic carbonate, compound A, and polyamine and lactone, compound B.

[0020] Inorganic bases like ammonia, potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are the most widely utilized inorganic pH neutralizers or adjusters. Despite being a powerful adjuster, ammonia has a strong odor that prevents it from being used in various compositions. Strong inorganic bases like KOH and NaOH have no smell, but they produce coatings that have poor water- and scrub-resistant. The use of siliconates, a less popular inorganic adjuster, frequently results in gloss loss and cause stability issues.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0021] Suitable pH adjusters including ammonium hydroxide, triethanolamine, primary amino alcohols, and mixtures have been used in agricultural applications to make homogenous adjuvant blends for use in spray carriers.

[0022] Suitable pH adjusters including basic pH adjusters such as ammonia, mono-, di- and tri- alkyl amines, mono-, di- and tri-alkanolamines, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides (e.g., ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, triethylamine, isopropylamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine); acid pH adjusters such as mineral acids and polycarboxylic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, and lactic acid); vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C; polyamino acids and salts, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been used in cosmetics.

[0023] Organic amines are widely accepted by the coatings industry for their multifunctional benefits beyond pH neutralization, such as pigment co-dispersancy, rheology stability, low odor, and in-can corrosion resistance.

[0024] pH adjusters such as acids or bases, e.g., sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate; triethanolamine, tromethamine, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH); sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3); or a silicate, such as sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), or aqueous ammonia (NH3) solution and combinations thereof are used in drug formulations or in drug preparation.

[0025] Therefore, there is a need to develop a new pH adjuster that could provide the multifunctional benefits of an amine without negatively affecting the application or dry-film properties, better gloss, scrub resistance, water resistance and corrosion resistance and to provide major positive impact on the performance in overall coating / paint formulation.

[0026] Therefore, there is a need to develop a pH adjuster which has the effect of maintaining the stability and efficacy of the drug and acts as a preservative.

[0027] It is necessary to ensure proper stability and efficacy of the finished product and / or key ingredients in each personal care formulations using a suitable pH adjuster as an ingredient or combination of ingredients used to establish and maintain the pH in preparation of personal care ingredients or formulations.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0028] Therefore, a new pH adjuster is required in agricultural field that regulates the acid level and avoids the ravage. This will aid in the instant uptake of nutrients by the plants, resulting in a significant and quick improvement in crop yield.

[0029] This is why it is necessary to research alternatives to the neutralizing agents used today, which make it possible to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above. In addition, meeting the requirements of current regulations can be achieved with the present invention comprising a pH adjuster having a reaction product obtained from the partial reaction of at least one polyamine with at least one lactone or lactide. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0030] The present invention relates to a pH adjuster in a formulation comprising a reaction product obtained from the partial reaction of at least one polyamine with at least one lactone or lactide producing a mono-substituted product having at least one primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group and a hydroxy group.

[0031] The present invention provides a pH adjuster further comprising a di-substituted product, and an unreacted polyamine.

[0032] The present invention provides a pH adjuster comprising mono-substituted product represented by Formula I (a) or Formula I (b); O Owherein n is an independently selected integer from 1 to 20; L is a linking group independently selected from the group consisting of functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups; R1,R2and R3are independently selected from the group consisting ofDocket No.: 4361PCT hydrogen or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups; and R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

[0033] The present invention provides a pH adjuster having a reaction product further comprising a di-substituted product as represented by Formula (II), and an unreacted polyamine; O O wherein n is anindependently selected from the group consisting of functionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the beforementioned groups are having at least one amino group; R1and R3are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups; and R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

[0034] The present invention provides a process for preparing a pH adjuster reaction product obtained by reacting at least one polyamine and at least one lactone or lactide in a mole ratio of 1:0.01 to 1:2.0 to form a mono-substituted product at a reaction temperature of from about 20- 100℃, wherein the reaction time is from about 0.5 to 3 hours; with the proviso that if the mole ratio is 1:2.0, then the polyamine contains at least three amino groups, and at least two of the amino groups are primary or secondary.

[0035] The present invention provides a process for preparing a pH adjuster reaction product which further comprises a di-substituted product, and an unreacted polyamine.

[0036] The present invention provides a pH adjuster having a reaction product used in the process for preparing active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), skin care active compounds, hairDocket No.: 4361PCT care active compounds, oral care active compounds, home care active compounds, biocide active compounds, preservative compounds, nutraceutical active compounds, food active compounds, agricultural active compounds, coating compounds, oilfield compounds, metal working or forming compounds, cosmetic active compounds, industrial and institutional compounds, textile compounds, laundry compounds, cleaning compounds or disinfection active compounds.

[0037] The present invention provides a pH adjuster comprising a reaction product used in end- user compositions selected from the group consisting of skin care composition, hair care composition, oral care composition, home care composition, energy composition, construction composition, pharmaceutical composition, biocide composition, preservative composition, nutraceutical composition, food composition, agricultural composition, coating composition, oilfield composition, metal working and forming composition, cosmetic composition, industrial and institutional composition, textile composition, laundry composition, cleaning composition or disinfection composition.

[0038] In another aspect of the invention, the present application provides a coating composition comprising (A) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide; and (B) at least one additive in the range of from about 5.0 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.%.

[0039] In another aspect of the invention, the present application provides a pigment dispersion comprising: (a) at least one pigment component; (b) at least one pH adjuster; and (c) at least one pigment dispersing additives.

[0040] In another aspect of the invention, the present application provides a metal working fluid composition comprising (A) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide; and (B) one or more metal working fluid additives in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0041] In another aspect of the invention, the present application provides a personal care composition comprising (A) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide; and (B) at least one personal care functional system active ingredient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0042] In another aspect of the invention, the present application provides an agriculture composition comprising (A) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide; and (B) one or more agriculturally active ingredient and one or more additional ingredient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0043] In another aspect of the invention, the present application provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising (A) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide; and (B) at least one pharmaceutically accepted excipient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0044] Further embodiments of the present application can be understood with the appended figures.

[0045] Figure 1 represents amylase activity in the presence of pH adjusters DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0046] The present application provides a pH adjuster comprising a reaction product, obtained from the partial reaction of at least one polyamine with at least one lactone or lactide, which comprises a mono-substituted product having at least one primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group and a hydroxy group and further comprises a di-substituted product, and an unreacted polyamine. The pH adjuster comprising a reaction product is useful in a wide variety of compositions and its applications.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined herein, technical terms used in connection with the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s) shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular.

[0048] The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise specified or clearly implied to the contrary by the context in which the referenceDocket No.: 4361PCT is made. The term “Comprising” and “Comprises of” includes the more restrictive claims such as “Consisting essentially of” and “Consisting of”.

[0049] For purposes of the following detailed description, other than in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, numbers that express, for example, quantities of ingredients used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". The numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained in carrying out the invention.

[0050] All percentages, parts, proportions, and ratios as used herein, are by weight of the total composition, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not include solvents or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.

[0051] All publications, articles, papers, patents, patent publications, and other references cited herein are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety for all purposes to the extent consistent with the disclosure herein.

[0052] The use of the term “at least one” will be understood to include one as well as any quantity more than one, including but not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc. The term “at least one” may extend up to 100 or 1000 or more depending on the term to which it is attached. In addition, the quantities of 100 / 1000 are not to be considered limiting as lower or higher limits may also produce satisfactory results.

[0053] The term "branched and unbranched alkyl groups" refers to alkyl groups, which may be straight chained or branched. Branched groups include isopropyl, tert-butyl, and the like.

[0054] As used herein, the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0055] The term “each independently selected from the group consisting of” means when a group appears more than once in a structure, that group may be selected independently each time it appears.

[0056] The term “polymer” refers to a compound comprising repeating structural units (monomers) connected by covalent chemical bonds. Polymers may be further derivatized, crosslinked, grafted or end-capped. Non-limiting examples of polymers include copolymers, terpolymers, tetrapolymers, quaternary polymers, and homologues. The term “copolymer” refers to a polymer consisting essentially of two or more different types of monomers polymerized to obtain said copolymer.

[0057] The term “reaction product” refers to a substance produced from a chemical reaction of one or more reactant substances.

[0058] As used herein, the term “moiety” or “moieties” refers to a part or a functional group(s) of a molecule.

[0059] The term “polyamine” as used herein refers to a compound that includes at least two amino groups.

[0060] The term "lactone" refers a cyclic ester which is the condensation product of an alcohol group and a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.

[0061] The term "lactide" refers to groups that are the cyclic di-ester of lactic acid and their derivatives.

[0062] The term "coating composition" refers to a composition capable of forming a coating.

[0063] The term "co-dispersant " refers to pH adjuster of the present invention for pigment dispersion composition.

[0064] The term "additive" refers to a coating composition for mixing with another composition, and in the present, it results in an effective coating composition. The additive is selected from the group consisting of film forming polymer, coalescent agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, rheology modifiers, cosolvents, dispersing agents, defoamers, wet-edge additives, wetting agents, humectants, wax, colorants, thickeners, anticaking agents, antifoaming agents, UV absorbers, antifreeze agents, gel inhibitors, preservatives, hydrophobic agents, adhesion promoters, biocides, antioxidants, pigment, and plasticizers.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0065] The term “personal care composition” refers to a composition intended for use on or in the human body and may be an oral care composition, a hair care composition, a hair styling composition, a face care composition, a lip care composition, an eye care composition, a foot care composition, a nail care composition, a sun care composition, a deodorant composition, an antiperspirant composition, a cosmetic composition (including color cosmetics), a skin cleaning composition, an insect repellant composition, a shaving composition, a toothpaste, a mouthwash, a tooth whitener, a tooth stain remover, and / or a hygiene composition. Among their many uses, hair care and hair styling compositions find application in enhancing hair shine, cleansing hair, conditioning hair, repairing split ends, enhancing hair manageability, modulating hair stylability, protecting hair from thermal damage, imparting humidity resistance to hair and hair styles, promoting hair style durability, changing the hair color, straightening and / or relaxing hair, and / or providing protection from UV-A and / or UV-B radiation. Other personal care compositions, such as those for skin care and sun care compositions, are useful for protecting from UV-A and / or UV- B radiation, imparting water resistance or water proofness, moisturizing skin, decreasing and / or minimizing the appearance of wrinkles, firming skin, decreasing or minimizing the appearance of skin blemishes (such as lentigo, skin discolorations, pimples, or acne), changing skin color (such as color cosmetics for the face, cheeks, eyelids, or eye lashes). Oral care compositions according to the invention may be used as denture adhesives, toothpastes, mouthwashes, tooth whiteners, and / or stain removers. Personal care compositions also are used for delivering an active (such as to the skin, hair, or oral cavity).

[0066] The term “functional system active ingredient” refers to any ingredient that provides pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or affects the structure or any function of the body of man or animals. The functional system active ingredient may be present either in a personal care product or a household care product. When the functional system active ingredient is present in a personal care product that contains at least one active personal care ingredient, the personal care active ingredient includes, but is not limited to, analgesics, anesthetics, antibiotic agents, antifungal agents, antiseptic agents, antidandruff agents, antibacterial agents, vitamins, hormones, antidiarrhea agents, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents, vasodilators, kerolytic agents, dry-eye compositions, wound-healing agents, anti-infection agents, as well as solvents, diluents, adjuvantsDocket No.: 4361PCT and other ingredients such as water, mineral oils, preservatives, surfactants, propellants, fragrances, essential oils, and viscosifying agents.

[0067] The term “agricultural active ingredient”, as used herein refers to a chemical used in agriculture, horticulture, and pest management for protection of crops, plants, structures, animals and humans against unwanted organisms such as fungal and bacterial plant pathogens, weeds, insects, mites, algae, nematodes, and the like. Specifically an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fertilizers, herbicides, ovicides, fungicides, pesticides selected from the group of rodenticides, miticides, algicides, molluscicides, acaricides, avicides, insecticides: germicides, antibiotics, antibacterial, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, antiparasites and antimicrobials compounds wherein such agent is applicable to a plant, a seed, a soil or other growth medium, to improve for agricultural production purposes the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics thereof in order to improve crop production, plant growth, product quality, product durability, or yield prior to harvest.

[0068] The term “additional ingredient”, in agricultural composition as used herein refers to an adjuvant or an inert ingredient substance which can increase the biological activity of the active ingredient but are themselves not significantly biologically active. Agricultural ingredient assists with the effectiveness of the active ingredient such as, for example, by improving the delivery and uptake of an agricultural active ingredient into a target plant or animal leading to improved biological control.

[0069] The term "active pharmaceutical ingredient" (API) as used herein refers to a substance in a pharmaceutical formulation that is biologically active and is meant to produce the desired effect in the body.

[0070] The term “pharmaceutical / nutraceuticals composition” refers to any composition that comprises one or more chemical agents that elicit a response from a mammal (such as man, horse, dog, cat) when administered by topical, oral, sublingual, intravenous, subcutaneous, anal, or vaginal routes. These chemical agents may be natural or synthetic, of any purity, and may be the active agent itself or a form subsequently converted to the active agent. Non-limiting examples include prescriptive medications, over the counter (OTC) medications, nutritional supplements, dietary supplements, and vitamins, and may have the product format of a tablet, caplet, softgel,Docket No.: 4361PCT chewable, multi-particulate capsule, powder, cream, lotion, ointment, paste, solution, dispersion, emulsion, gel, shampoo, rinse, dip, wipe, or injectable.

[0071] The terms “pharmaceutically acceptable” and “cosmetically acceptable” refer to molecular entities and compositions that are generally regarded as safe. Particularly, as used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” and “cosmetically acceptable” refer to approved by a regulatory agency of the appropriate governmental agency or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia or other generally recognized pharmacopoeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.

[0072] The term “hydrocarbyl” includes straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl groups, and combinations thereof with optional heteroatoms. A hydrocarbyl group may be mono-, di- or polyvalent and have carbon chains containing at least 2 carbon atoms and preferably 2 to 100 carbon atoms.

[0073] The term “alkyl” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, monovalent, straight- chain, branched-chain, or cyclic C1-C60 hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. In one non-limiting embodiment, an alkyl is a C1-C45 hydrocarbyl group. In another non-limiting embodiment, an alkyl is a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group. Non-limiting examples of alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n- hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, tert-octyl, isonorbornyl, n-dodecyl, tert-dodecyl, n- tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. The definition of “alkyl” also includes groups obtained by combinations of straight-chain, branched-chain and / or cyclic structures.

[0074] The term “aryl” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, monovalent, aromatic hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. The definition of aryl includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic groups. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, benzo[b]furanyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, 1H-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl,Docket No.: 4361PCT quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxyazinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-c]triazinyl, and the like.

[0075] The term “aralkyl” refers to an alkyl group comprising one or more aryl substituent(s) wherein "aryl" and "alkyl" are as defined above. Non-limiting examples of aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenyl-ethyl, 3-phenyl-propyl, 4-phenyl-butyl, 5-phenyl-pentyl, 4-phenylcyclohexyl, 4- benzylcyclohexyl, 4-phenylcyclohexylmethyl, 4-benzylcyclohexylmethyl, and the like.

[0076] The term “alkylene” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, divalent, straight- chain, branched-chain, or cyclic C1-C40 hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. In one non-limiting embodiment, an alkylene is a C1-C30 group. In another non- limiting embodiment, an alkylene is a C1-C20 group. Non-limiting examples of alkylene groups include: CH CH32,CH2 CH2, CH CH2, CH3CH CH33C CH2CH C CH C22H ,CH3,CH3,CH C CH CH3H33 3C CCH2CH2CH2CH CH,, CH3CH3,CH3CH3CH32Docket No.: 4361PCT .

[0077] The term “arylene” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, divalent, aromatic hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. The definition of arylene includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups. Non-limiting examples of arylene groups include phenylene, naphthylene, perylene, pyridine, quinoline, and the like.

[0078] The term “heteroatom” refers to oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorous, or halogen. The heteroatom(s) may be present as a part of one or more heteroatom-containing functional groups. Non-limiting examples of heteroatom-containing functional groups include ether, hydroxy, epoxy, carbonyl, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, carboxylic acid, imine, imide, amine, sulfonic, sulfonamide, phosphonic, and silane groups. The heteroatom(s) may also be present as a part of a ring such as in heteroaryl and heteroarylene groups.

[0079] Hydrocarbyl alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, based on the number of carbon atoms connected to the carbon atom that bears the hydroxyl group. Each classification of alcohol may have a general formula. For example, the general formula for primary alcohols is OH H the general formula for secondary alcoholsOH R' C HRandthe general formula for tertiary alcohols isDocket No.: 4361PCT OH R' C R"wherein R, R′ and R″ stand foralkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, arylene, heteroatom groups.

[0080] In one non-limiting embodiment, the amines are selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and combinations thereof, based on the number of carbon atoms or carbon groups connected to the nitrogen atom. Each classification of amine may have a general formula. For example, the general formula for primary amine is HN HR1andthe general formula for secondary amine is R1 N HR2the general formula for tertiary amine is R1 N R3R2wherein R1, R2,R3stand for hydrogen, or different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, arylene, heteroalkyl groups.

[0081] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrocarbyl polyamine is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and combinations thereof.

[0082] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrocarbyl amine contains C2 to C36 carbon atoms and is linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional or multifunctional.

[0083] In one non-limiting embodiment, the polyamine is a hydrocarbyl amine consisting of carbon atoms having linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional or multifunctional primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and combinations thereof.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0084] In one non-limiting embodiment, the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of H H N NH NH2N HN N2HN H22 2N NH2HHN H H N N N NH N (AEP)HN O N N2H O2y O HH2N N x z2N

[0085] In one non-limiting embodiment, the lactone is represented by Formula (III): O Owherein n is an independently selected integer from 1 to 19; R4and R5are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0086] In one non-limiting embodiment, the lactone is selected from the group consisting of at least one acetolactone, propiolactone, butyrolactone, caprolactone, valerolactone, hexalactone, heptalactone, octalactone, nonalactone, decalactone, and gluconolactone.

[0087] In one non-limiting embodiment, the lactide is represented by Formula (IV): O R5wherein R4and R5are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

[0088] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster comprising a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide.

[0089] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster, wherein the mono-substituted product is represented by Formula I (a) or Formula I (b); O Owherein n is an independently selected integer from 1 to 20; L is a linking group independently selected from the group consisting of having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein for Formula I (b), any of the beforementioned groups are havingDocket No.: 4361PCT at least one amino group; R1, R2, and R3 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups; and R4and R5are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

[0090] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster having a reaction product further comprising a di-substituted product as represented by Formula (II), and an unreacted polyamine; O O wherein n anindependently selected from the group consisting of functionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups; and R1 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the beforementioned groups are having at least one amino group; and R4and R5are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

[0091] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster comprising reaction product where the mole ratio of polyamine to lactone or polyamine to lactide is in the range of 1:0.01 to 1:2.0; with the proviso that if the mole ratio is 1:2.0, then the polyamine contains at least three amino groups, and at least two of the amino groups are primary or secondary.

[0092] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster comprising reaction product where the mole ratio of polyamine to lactone or polyamine to lactide is in the range of from about 1:0.01, 1:0.05, 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, 1:1.5, 1:1.6, 1:1.7, 1:1.8, 1:1.91:2.0, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11,Docket No.: 4361PCT 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23, 1:24, 1:25, 1:26, 1:27, 1:28, 1:29, 1:30, 1:31, 1:32, 1:33, 1:34, 1:35, 1:36, 1:37, 1:38, 1:39, 1:40, 1:41, 1:42, 1:43, 1:44, 1:45, 1:46, 1:47, 1:48, 1:49, 1:50, 1:51, 1:52, 1:53, 1:54, 1:55, 1:56, 1:57, 1:58, 1:59, 1:60, 1:61, 1:62, 1:63, 1:64, 1:65, 1:66, 1:67, 1:68, 1:69, 1:70, 1:71, 1:72, 1:73, 1:74, 1:75, 1:76, 1:77, 1:78, 1:79, 1:80, 1:81, 1:82, 1:83, 1:84, 1:85, 1:86, 1:87, 1:88, 1:89, 1:90, 1:91, 1:92, 1:93, 1:94, 1:95, 1:96, 1:97, 1:98 and 1:99.

[0093] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster comprising reaction product used in the process for preparing active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), stabilization of proteins or protein formulations, purification of proteins or protein formulations, electrophoresis, enzymatic reactions, skin care active compounds, hair care active compounds, oral care active compounds, home care active compounds, biocide active compounds, preservative compounds, nutraceutical active compounds, food active compounds, agricultural active compounds, coating compounds, oilfield compounds, cosmetic active compounds, industrial and institutional compounds, textile compounds, laundry compounds, cleaning compounds or disinfection active compounds.

[0094] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster comprising reaction product used in end-user compositions selected from the group consisting of skin care composition, hair care composition, oral care composition, home care composition, energy composition, construction composition, pharmaceutical composition, stabilization of proteins or protein formulations, purification of proteins or protein formulations, electrophoresis, enzymatic reactions, biocide composition, preservative composition, nutraceutical composition, food composition, agricultural composition, coating composition, oilfield composition, metal working and forming composition, cosmetic composition, industrial and institutional composition, textile composition, laundry composition, cleaning composition or disinfection composition.

[0095] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing a pH adjuster comprising reaction product, obtained by reacting at least one polyamine and at least one lactone or lactide in a mole ratio of 1:0.01 to 1:2.0 to form a mono-substituted product at a reaction temperature of from about 20-100℃, wherein the reaction time is from about 0.5 to 5 hours; with the proviso that if the mole ratio is 1:2.0, then the polyamine contains at least three amino groups, and at least two of the amino groups are primary or secondary.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0096] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing a pH adjuster, wherein the resulting mono-substituted product is further purified and isolated by a method including, but not limited to, chromatography, distillation or recrystallization.

[0097] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing a pH adjuster comprising reaction product further comprising a di-substituted product and an unreacted polyamine.

[0098] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing a pH adjuster, wherein the resulting di-substituted product is further purified and isolated by a method including, but not limited to, chromatography, distillation or recrystallization.

[0099] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a coating composition comprising the pH adjuster in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition.; and at least one additive in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0100] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pigment dispersion comprising: (a) at least one pigment component; (b) pH adjuster; and (c) at least one pigment dispersing additives.

[0101] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pigment dispersion comprising:(a) at least one pigment component; (b) pH adjuster as a co-dispersant; and (c) at least one pigment dispersing additives.

[0102] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster used as a dispersant or as a co-dispersant in the pigment dispersion composition.

[0103] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a metal working fluid composition comprising (A) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide; and (B) one or more metal working fluid additives in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0104] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a personal care composition comprising: the pH adjuster in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of theDocket No.: 4361PCT composition and at least one personal care functional system active ingredient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0105] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides an agricultural composition comprising: the pH adjuster in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition; one or more agriculturally active ingredient and one or more additional ingredient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0106] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising: the pH adjuster in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition; and at least one pharmaceutically accepted excipient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0107] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster used in the process for preparing an API or their salts, or as a processing buffer for use in the purification of biological molecules.

[0108] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a pH adjuster used in the applications selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, cell and tissue culture, immune-precipitation, purification of biological molecules including monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, fractionation of hemoglobin, electrophoresis, enzymatic reactions, and in the process for stabilization or purification or lyophilization or crystallization or extraction of proteins or protein formulations; wherein proteins are selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, an enzyme, a cytokine, a neurotropic factor, an antibody, a peptide, a hormone, a DNA-binding protein, an aptamer, erythropoietin (EPO), human insulin, interferon-α (Intron A), human growth hormone, interferon-R, vaccine, glucocerobrosidase, agalsidase, imiglucerase, and tissue plasminogen activator.

[0109] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, the coating composition comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of film forming polymer, coalescent agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, rheology modifiers, cosolvents, dispersing agents, defoamers, wet-edge additives, wetting agents, humectants, wax, colorants, thickeners, anticaking agents, antifoaming agents, UV absorbers, antifreeze agents, gel inhibitors, preservatives, hydrophobic agents, adhesion promoters, biocides, anti-oxidants, pigment, and plasticizers.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0110] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, the coating composition comprising pH adjuster is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%; from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.% or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.% or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0111] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, in the coating composition comprising one or more additive, wherein the additive is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; or from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.%; or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.%; or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.%; from about 95 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0112] In another embodiment of the present application, the pigment component is selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanines, iron oxides, titanium dioxides, zinc oxide, indigo, lead chromate, hydrated aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, calcium silicate, clay, silica, talc, calcium carbonate, carbon black, monoazo, diazo, and benzimidazolone, magnesium silicate clays, barytes, blanc fixe, clay and mixtures thereof.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0113] In another embodiment of the present application, the pigment dispersing additives comprises diluents, anti-settling additives, pigment wetting additives, gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foaming additives, surface tension modifiers, mildewcides, rheology modifiers, waxes, metal passivators, inorganic or organic acids or bases, and UV light absorbers.

[0114] In another embodiment of the present application, diluent comprises a solvent. Suitable organic solvents include ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, and the like; esters such as butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, pentyl propionate, and the like; alcohols such a methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, isobutanol, and the like; or glycol ethers such as the monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, or propylene glycol.

[0115] In another embodiment of the present application, the coating composition comprising coalescent agents can include, but are not limited to ester alcohols, benzoate ethers, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

[0116] In another embodiment of the present application, the coating composition comprising emulsifiers, the emulsifiers are selected from anionic emulsifiers, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine oleate, mono-, di- or triethanolamine stearate, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol stearate, sulfonated compounds (for example, sodium dodecylsulfate, turkey red oil, etc.) and sulfonated compounds (e.g., sodium cetylsulfonate), cationic emulsifiers such as quaternary ammonium compounds (for example, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzyllauryldimethylammonium chloride, etc.), amphoteric emulsifiers (e.g., lecithins) and nonionic emulsifiers, such as fatty alcohols (lauryl, cetyl, or stearyl alcohol), partial fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols with saturated fatty acids (glycerol monostearate, pentaerythritol monostearate, ethylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monostearate), partial fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols with unsaturated fatty acids (for example glycerol monooleate, pentaerythritol monooleate), polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), polymerization products of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with fatty alcohols (fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers) or fatty acids (fatty acid ethoxylates),

[0117] In one embodiment, the present application discloses a coating composition having suitable rheology modifiers to control viscosity over a wide shear rate range. Moreover, the coatingDocket No.: 4361PCT compositions contain rheology modifiers such as fine-particle silica, layered silicates, polymeric cellulosics, or nonionic synthetic associative thickeners (NSAT’s).

[0118] Suitable coating composition dispersing agents employed in the composition include but are not limited to non-ionic, anionic and cationic dispersants such as 2-amino-2-methyl-1- propanol (AMP), dimethyl amino ethanol (DMAE), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP), trisodium polyphosphate (TSPP), citric acid and other carboxylic acids, and the like. Also, suitable dispersants for the present composition are anionic polymers, such as homopolymers of carboxylic acids such as acrylic, methacrylic or maleic acid, and more hydrophobic copolymers of acrylic, methacrylic or maleic acid that include monomers such as styrene, acrylate or methacrylate esters, isobutylene, and other hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers as well as the salts of the aforementioned dispersants, and mixtures thereof.

[0119] To prevent evaporation of water from the coating composition before the coating has fully dried, suitable humectants can be added. Examples of such humectants are ethylene glycol, glymes, polyethylene glycol, and methoxy polyethylene glycols.

[0120] Suitable coating composition defoamers can include silicone-based and mineral oil- based defoamers, and the like.

[0121] In another embodiment of the present application, the coating composition comprising an anti-foaming agent, the anti-foaming agent can be but is not limited to an animal or plant oil- type anti-foaming agent, a fatty acid-type anti-foaming agent, a nonionic anti-foaming agent (polyether anti-foaming agent), an acetylene diol anti-foaming agent, a fluorinated anti-foaming agent, a silicone anti-foaming agent, a mineral oil anti-foaming agent, or a phosphoric acid ester anti-foaming agent.

[0122] In another embodiment of the present application, thickeners are added to coating compositions to achieve the desired viscosity and flow properties. Thickeners can include but are not limited to cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose. Other thickeners include but are not limited to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydrophobically-modified, alkali-soluble emulsions known in the art as HASE emulsions, alkali- soluble or alkali-swellable emulsions known in the art as ASE emulsion, hydrophobically-Docket No.: 4361PCT modified polyacetal polyether polymers known in the art as HMPAPE thickeners, hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide-urethane polymers known in the art as HEUR thickeners; and cellulosic thickeners such as hydroxymethyl cellulose (HMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydrophobically-modified hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HMHEC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2- hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, 2-hydoxypropyl cellulose, and the like. Also useful as thickeners are fumed silica, attapulgite clay and other types of clay, titanate chelating agents, and the like.

[0123] The pH adjuster used in this application is effective for providing pH buffering, reserve alkalinity, formulation stability and corrosion control in metal working and forming fluids.

[0124] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides additional protection against ferrous corrosion, low aluminum staining, low foaming, good microbial resistance, and synergistic enhancement of preservatives in metal working and forming fluid formulations.

[0125] According to another embodiment of the present application, metal working fluid composition is contemplated to employ one or more metal working fluid additives in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0126] According to another embodiment of the present application, the metal working fluid additive is selected from the group consisting of lubricants, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, detergents, hydrotropes, diluents, cosolvents, biocides, and defoamers.

[0127] Lubricants include, but are not limited to, chlorinated and sulfurized fatty acids and esters, polysulfides, organophosphates, and neutralized phosphate esters, polyoxypropylene, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to ethylenediamine ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, alkylated copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, monobasic and dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycol esters, polyalkylene glycols grafted with organic acids, phosphate esters, polyisobutylenes, polyacrylonitriles, polyacrylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinyl alcohols and copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and an acrylic ester, alkanolamines, oleic acids and derivatives of polyglycols, polyethylene glycolDocket No.: 4361PCT monomethyl ether phosphate, phosphate esters, polyoxyethylated aromatics, polyalkoxylated alkyl ethers and their combinations thereof.

[0128] Lubricant additives can be various mineral oils, such as petroleum fractionation products, naphthenic oils including, but not limited to, a hydrotreated heavy naphthenic distillate.

[0129] Emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, alkanol amides, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonic acids, amine oxides, amide and amine soaps, block copolymers, carboxylated alcohols, carboxylic acids / fatty acids, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated amines / amides, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty esters and oils, ethoxylated phenols, fatty amines and esters, glycerol esters, glycol esters, imidazolines and imidazoline derivatives, lignin and lignin derivatives, maleic or succinic anhydrides, methyl esters, monoglycerides and derivatives, naphthenic acids, olefin sulfonates, phosphate esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, polyols, propoxylated & ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohols or alkyl phenols, quaternary surfactants, sarcosine derivatives, soaps, sorbitan derivatives, sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives, sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids, sulfates and sulfonates ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfates of alcohols, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols, sulfates of fatty esters, sulfonates of dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene, sulfonates of petroleum, sulfosuccinates and derivatives, tridecyl and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acids and sulfuric acid esters of higher alcohols, such as sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate or sodium alkyl sulfate.

[0130] Examples of suitable anionic surfactants or emulsifiers are alkali metal, ammonium and amine soaps; the fatty acid part of such soaps contains preferably at least 10 carbon atoms. The soaps can also be formed “in situ;” in other words, a fatty acid can be added to the oil phase and an alkaline material to the aqueous phase.

[0131] Other examples of suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metal salts of alkylaryl sulfonic acids, sodium dialkyl sulfosuccinate, sulfated or sulfonated oils (e.g., sulfated castor oil), sulfonated tallow, and alkali salts of short chain petroleum sulfonic acids.

[0132] Suitable cationic surfactants are salts of long chain primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as oleylamine acetate, cetylamine acetate, di-dodecylamine lactate, the acetate of aminoethyl stearamide, dilauroyl triethylene tetramine diacetate, 1-aminoethyl-2-heptadecenylDocket No.: 4361PCT imidazoline acetate; and quaternary salts, such as cetylpyridinium bromide, hexadecyl ethyl morpholinium chloride, and diethyl di-dodecyl ammonium chloride.

[0133] Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants are condensation products of higher fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, such as the reaction product of oleyl alcohol with 10 ethylene oxide units; condensation products of alkylphenols with ethylene oxide, such as the reaction product of iso-octylphenol with 12 ethylene oxide units; condensation products of higher fatty acid amides with 5, or more, ethylene oxide units; polyethylene glycol esters of long chain fatty acids, such as tetraethylene glycol monopalmitate, hexaethyleneglycol monolaurate, nonaethyleneglycol monostearate, nonaethyleneglycol dioleate, tridecaethyleneglycol monoarachidate, tricosaethyleneglycol monobehenate, tricosaethyleneglycol dibehenate, polyhydric alcohol partial higher fatty acid esters such as sorbitan tristearate, ethylene oxide condensation compounds such as glycerol monopalmitate reacted with ethylene oxide, pentaerythritol monooleate reacted with ethylene oxide, sorbitan monostearate reacted with ethylene oxide, mannitan monopalmitate reacted of ethylene oxide; long chain polyglycols.

[0134] Examples of a diluent are an oil or water. The non-oil segment is known as synthetics, which include compositions of lubricity-producing additives in an aqueous transport system or diluent. Diluting the metal working fluid composition in the present invention with water forms an opaque emulsion.

[0135] Suitable cosolvents are selected from one or more mixtures of water and mineral oils.

[0136] Suitable defoamers are selected from one or more mixtures of polyethers, methyl- silicone oil, hydroxy silicon oil, amido silicon oil, and silica.

[0137] Examples of corrosion inhibitors or antirust agents are water soluble or oil-soluble agents selected from the group consisting of petroleum sodium sulfonate, calcium mahogany sulfonate, barium mahogany sulfonate, barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, zinc naphthenate, aluminum stearate, oxidized petrolatum, oxidized petrolatum barium soap, dodecenylsuccinic acid.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0138] Water soluble corrosion inhibitors are selected from one or more mixtures of sodium nitrite, potassium chromate, sodium dichromate, sodium metasilicate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium orthophosphate, sodium benzoate, triethanolamine.

[0139] Examples of other suitable corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, amine carboxylates and amine borate esters, alkali nitrite molybdates, triethanolamine. pentachlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, and 2,4 dinitrophenol.

[0140] Other suitable metal working fluid additives are selected from a group consisting of hydrotropes, metal passivators, fungicides or biocides, anti-misting agents, chelating agents and dyes.

[0141] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, metal working fluid composition comprising pH adjuster is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%; from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.% or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.% or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0142] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, metal working fluid composition comprising at least one metal working fluid additive is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; or from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from aboutDocket No.: 4361PCT 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.%; or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.%; or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.%; from about 95 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0143] “Antifreeze agent” refers to additives which prevent freezing. Suitable antifreeze agents can include but are not limited to alcohols, olyols such as glycerol, glycols such as propylene glycol and polyol fatty acid esters, or their derivatives can be added in coating composition.

[0144] One or more preservative can be added in the coating compositions in low doses to protect against the growth of micro-organisms. Preservatives can include but are not limited to 2- meth-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Off) 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC), oxyfluorfen, thiabendazole, terbutryn, zinc pyrithione (ZnPy) and suitable mildewcides and biocides in the composition include zinc oxide, isothiazolones, triazoles.

[0145] In another embodiment of the present application, suitable latex adhesion promoters in the coating composition include, but are not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers or terpolymers such as, for example, polymers or copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid, polyvinyl acetate, styrene-acrylic copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymers, vinyl acetate-vinyl maleate copolymers, vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride-acrylic terpolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate- acrylic terpolymer, and urethane polymers. The polymers may contain up to about 10% by weight of monomers containing functional groups, for example, but not limited to, carboxylic acid, phosphate, sulfate, sulfonate and amide groups, other monomers, and mixtures thereof.

[0146] The coating composition of the present disclosure can further include at least one pigment. The pigment can be selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanines, iron oxides, titanium dioxides, zinc oxide, indigo, hydrated aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, calcium silicate, clay, silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof. Titanium dioxide grades used in the composition are surface modified with various inorganic oxides, such as silicates, aluminates, and zirconates. Aluminum silicate, nepeline syenite, mica, calcium carbonate, and / or diatomaceous earth can also be employed.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0147] The coating composition of the present disclosure comprises at least one film forming polymer. The film forming polymer of the present disclosure can be selected from a wide variety of polymers known in the related art. For instance, these film forming polymers can be derived from various ethylenic unsaturated monomers such as ethylene, vinyl and acrylic monomers. Examples of such monomers can include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid esters, styrene, α-methyl styrene, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ureido methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl esters of branched tertiary monocarboxylic acids, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and ethylene. It is also possible to include C4-C8 conjugated dienes such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene. The film forming polymers can also be copolymerized products of more than one monomer to achieve several desired properties, particularly for applications in latex paints with very little or no volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Examples of suitable film forming polymers can include, but are not limited to, homo- or co-polymers of vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, ethylacrylate, butyl acrylate, styrene, ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl ester of neodecanoic acid, vinyl propionate, butadiene, acrylonitrile, maleates, and fumarates. In one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the film forming polymer is selected from the group consisting of acrylics, vinyl-acrylics and styrene-acrylics, styrene-butadiene copolymers, vinyl acetate ethylenes, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, polyepoxides, polyurethanes, polyamides, vinyl esters of neodecanoic acid and polyesters.

[0148] Examples of other suitable film forming polymers can include, but are not limited to, alkyds, cellulosics (cellulose nitrate and cellulose esters), coumarone-indenes, epoxides, esters, hydrocarbons, melamines, natural resins, oleo resins, phenolics, polyamides, polyesters, rosins, silicones, terpenes, urea, and urethanes.

[0149] Further additives in minor amounts, i.e., less than about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, can be included. Such coating composition additives include co- solvents, wet-edge additives, wetting agents, wax, colorants, anticaking agents, UV absorbers, gel inhibitors, hydrophobic agents, and antioxidants.

[0150] The coating composition in the form of a paint can include enamels, lacquers, varnishes, undercoats, primers, seals, fillers, stoppers, and the like.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0151] According to another embodiment of the present application, personal care composition is contemplated to employ at least one personal care ingredient selected from the group consisting of color cosmetic ingredients, hair care ingredients, skin care ingredients, sun care ingredients, hair care ingredients or oral care ingredients.

[0152] According to another embodiment of the present application, personal care composition includes body wash composition, skin lotion composition, sunscreen composition, anti-wrinkle composition, moisturizer composition, facial cleaning composition, lipstick composition, lip-gloss composition, mascara composition, foundation composition, anti-perspirant composition, shaving composition, hair conditioner composition, anti-perspirant composition, deodorant composition, hair rinse composition, hair shampoo composition, hair styling composition, make-up remover composition, and oral care composition.

[0153] According to another embodiment of the present application, personal care composition is contemplated to employ at least one personal care functional system active ingredient selected from the group consisting of surfactants, water-insoluble ingredients, oxidizing agents, conditioning agents, humectants, pH adjusting buffers, waxes, mineral oils, emulsifiers, fatty substances, gelling agents, thickeners, emollients, hydrophilic or lipophilic active agent, antioxidants, sequestering agents, preserving agents, acidifying or basifying agents, fragrances, fillers, dyestuffs, plant extracts, moisturizers, proteins, peptides, neutralizing agents, solvents, anti- dandruff ingredients, reducing agents and combinations thereof.

[0154] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, in the personal care composition the pH adjuster is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%; from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.% or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.% or fromDocket No.: 4361PCT about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0155] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, in the personal care composition comprising one or more additive, the personal care functional system active ingredient is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; or from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.%; or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.%; or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.%; from about 95 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0156] In one embodiment of the present application, the personal care composition comprising at least one primary surfactant, co-surfactant or a system of surfactants comprising at least one primary surfactant and at least one co-surfactant are employed to prepare sun care or skin care compositions, and wherein said primary surfactants, co-surfactants or a system surfactant can be selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. The range of surfactants can be from 0.1 wt. % to 20 wt. % based on the total weight of the composition. Other ranges of surfactants are from 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, from 5 wt. % to 10 wt. %, from 10 wt. % to 15 wt. %, or from 15 wt. % to 20 wt. % of total weight of the composition. The contemplated surfactants for use herein are as follows: (A) Anionic Surfactants: Anionic surfactants are particularly useful in accordance with certain embodiments of the present application. Surfactants of the anionic type that may be useful include: (1) Sulfonates and Sulfates: Suitable anionic surfactants include sulfonates and sulfates such as alkyl sulfates, alkylether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylether sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates,Docket No.: 4361PCT alkylbenzene ether sulfates, alkyl sulfoacetates, secondary alkane sulfonates, secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfosuccinates and the like. Further, examples of anionic surfactants include water- soluble salts of higher fatty acid monoglyceride monosulfates, such as the sodium salt of the monosulfated monoglyceride of hydrogenated coconut oil fatty acids, higher alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, alkyl aryl sulfonates such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, higher alkyl sulfoacetates, higher fatty acid esters of 1,2-dihydroxy propane sulfonate, and the substantially saturated higher aliphatic acyl amides of lower aliphatic amino carboxylic acid compounds, such as those having 12 to 16 carbons in the fatty acid, alkyl or acyl radicals, and the like. (2) Phosphates and Phosphonates: Suitable anionic surfactants also include phosphates such as alkyl phosphates, alkylether phosphates, aralkylphosphates, and aralkylether phosphates. Examples include a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-(alkyltetraglycolether)-o-phosphoric acid esters generally referred to as trilaureth-4-phosphate commercially available under the trade designation HOSTAPHAT 340KL from Clariant Corp., as well as PPG-5 ceteth 10 phosphate available under the trade designation CRODAPHOS SG from Croda Inc., Parsipanny, NJ. (3) Amine Oxides: Suitable anionic surfactants also include amine oxides. Examples of amine oxide surfactants include lauryldimethylamine oxide, laurylamidopropyldimethylamine oxide, and / or cetyl amine oxide. (B) Amphoteric Surfactants: Surfactants of the amphoteric type include surfactants having tertiary amino groups which may be protonated as well as quaternary amine containing zwitterionic surfactants. Those that may be useful include: (1) Ammonium Carboxylate Amphoterics: Examples of such amphoteric surfactants include but are not limited to: certain betaines such as cocobetaine and cocamidopropyl betaine; monoacetates such as sodium lauroamphoacetate; diacetates such as disodium lauroamphoacetate; amino- and alkylamino-propionates such as lauraminopropionic acid. (2) Ammonium Sulfonate Amphoterics: These classes of amphoteric surfactants are often referred to as "sultaines" or "sulfobetaines" for example, cocamidopropylhydroxysultaine. (C) Nonionic Surfactants: Surfactants of the nonionic type that may be particularly useful include:Docket No.: 4361PCT (1) Polyethylene oxide extended sorbitan monoalkylates (i.e. Polysorbates); (2) Polyalkoxylated alkanols; (3) Polyalkoxylated alkylphenols include polyethoxylated octyl or nonyl phenols having HLB values of at least about 14, which are commercially available under the trade designations ICONOL and TRITON; (4) Poloxamers. Surfactants based on block copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) may also be effective. Both EO-PO-EO blocks and PO-EO-PO blocks are expected to work well as long as the HLB is at least about 14, and preferably at least about 16. Such surfactants are commercially available under the trade designations PLURONIC and TETRONIC from BASF; (5) Polyalkoxylated esters - Polyalkoxylated glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and the like may be partially or completely esterified, i.e. one or more alcohols may be esterified, with a (C8 to C22) alkyl carboxylic acid. Such polyethoxylated esters having an HLB of at least about 14, and preferably at least about 16, may be suitable for use in compositions of the present invention; (6) Alkyl Polyglucosides such as glucopon 425, which has a (C8 to C16) alkyl chain length. (D) Cationic Surfactants: Surfactants of the cationic type that may be useful include but are not limited to, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, quaternary amines, alkanolamines, mono-alkyl alkanolamines, di-alkyl alkanolamines, tri-alkyl alkanolamines, alkyl mono alkanolamines, alkyl di-alkanolamines, alkylamines, mono-alkyl amines, di-alkyl amines, tri- alkylamines, alkoxylated amines, alkyl and aryl amine alkoxylates, methoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkylamines, alkoxylated alkanolamines, alkyl alkanolamines, alkoxylated ethylene diamine derivatives, alkyl / aryl / arylalkyl amine oxides. Preferred cationic surfactants of the present invention include, but are not limited to, (a) alkyl alkanolamines; and (b) alkyl tertiary amines. Additional information on useful cationic surfactants for the purpose of present invention is set forth in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Ed., 1982 and Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed., Vol.22, pp.346-387, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0157] Suitable personal care emollients for use herein include, for example, optionally hydroxy-substituted C8-C50 unsaturated fatty acids and esters thereof, C1-C24 esters of C8-C30 saturated fatty acids such as isopropyl myristate, cetyl palmitate and octyldodecylmyristate (Wickenol 142), beeswax, saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols such as behenyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol, hydrocarbons such as mineral oils, petrolatum, squalane, fatty sorbitan esters, lanolinDocket No.: 4361PCT and lanolin derivatives, such as lanolin alcohol ethoxylated, hydroxylated and acetylated lanolins, cholesterol and derivatives thereof, animal and vegetable triglycerides such as almond oil, peanut oil, wheat germ oil, linseed oil, jojoba oil, oil of apricot pits, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil, castor oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut oil, olive oil, grapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil and C1-C24 esters of dimer and trimer acids such as diisopropyl dimerate, diisostearylmalate, diisostearyldimerate and triisostearyltrimerate.

[0158] Suitable personal care emollients for use herein include isocetyl alcohol, octyl palmitate, isostearyl neopentanoate and isocetyl stearyl stearate, natural or synthetic oils selected from mineral, vegetable, and animal oils, fats and waxes, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, alkylene glycol and polyalkylene glycol ethers and esters, fatty acids and mixtures thereof.

[0159] Preferred personal care emollients are selected from hydrocarbons such as isohexadecane, mineral oils, petrolatum, squalane, lanolin alcohol, and stearyl alcohol. These emollients may be used independently or in mixtures and may be present in the composition of the present invention in an amount from about 1% to about 30% by weight, and preferably are present in an amount from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the total composition.

[0160] Suitable personal care emulsifiers include the following classes of ethers and esters: ethers of polyglycols and of fatty alcohols, esters of polyglycols and of fatty acids, ethers of polyglycols and of fatty alcohols which are glycosylated, esters of polyglycols and of fatty acids which are glycosylated, ethers of C12-30 alcohols and of glycerol or of polyglycerol, esters of C12-30 fatty acids and of glycerol or of polyglycerol, ethers of oxyalkylene-modified C12-30 alcohols and of glycerol or polyglycerol, ethers of C12-30 fatty alcohols comprising and of sucrose or of glucose, esters of sucrose and of C12-30 fatty acids, esters of pentaerythritol and of C12-30 fatty acids, esters of sorbitol and / or of sorbitan and of C12-30 fatty acids, ethers of sorbitol and / or of sorbitan and of alkoxylated sorbitan, ethers of polyglycols and of cholesterol, esters of C12-30 fatty acids and of alkoxylated ethers of sorbitol and / or sorbitan, and combinations thereof. Linear or branched type silicone emulsifiers may also be used. Particularly useful polyether modified silicones include KF-6011, KF-6012, KF-6013, KF-6015, KF-6015, KF-6017, KF-6043, KF- 6028, and KF-6038 from Shin-Etsu. Also particularly useful are the polyglycerolated linear orDocket No.: 4361PCT branched siloxane emulsifiers including KF-6100, KF-6104, and KF-6105 from Shin-Etsu. Emulsifiers also include glyceryl stearate and laureth 23, PEG 20 stearate, and mink-amidopropyl dimethyl 2-hydroxyethylammonium chloride and emulsifying silicone elastomers. Suitable emulsifying silicone elastomers may include at least one polyalkyl ether or polyglycerolated unit.

[0161] Moisturizers employed in the present application of personal care composition would include glycols, glycerols, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, sorbitol, sodium salt of pyroglutamic acid, glycerol, glycerol derivatives, glycerin, trehalose, sorbitol, maltitol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, sodium hyaluronate, and the like.

[0162] Examples of humectants which can be incorporated into a personal care composition of the present application are glycerine, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, lactic acid, sodium lactate, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, urea, phospholipids, collagen, elastin, ceramides, lecithin sorbitol, PEG-4, and mixtures thereof. Additional suitable moisturizers are polymeric moisturizers that belong to water soluble and / or water swellable in nature. Polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid and chitosan can also be employed along with moisturizers of the present application as binder to enhance their property. The range of moisturizer is from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.

[0163] The personal compositions of the invention can also contain a hydrophilic gelling agent at a level from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.02% to about 2%, and especially from about 0.02% to about 0.5%. The gelling agent preferably has a viscosity (1% aqueous solution, 20° C., Brookfield RVT) of at least about 4,000 mPa•s, more preferably at least about 10,000 mPa•s and especially at least 50,000 mPa•s.

[0164] Suitable personal care hydrophilic gelling agents can generally be described as water- soluble or colloidally water-soluble polymers, and include cellulose ethers (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), polyvinylalcohol, polyquaternium- 10, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum and xanthan gum.

[0165] Among suitable hydrophilic gelling agents in personal care composition are acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate copolymers and the carboxyvinyl polymers sold by the B.F. Goodrich Company under the trademark of Carbopol® resins. These resins consist essentially of a colloidally water-Docket No.: 4361PCT soluble polyalkenyl polyether crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with from 0.75% to 2.00% of a crosslinking agent such as polyallyl sucrose or polyally pentaerythritol. Examples include Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 950, Carbopol 980, Carbopol 951 and Carbopol 981. Carbopol 934 is a water-soluble polymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with about 1% of a polyallyl ether of sucrose having an average of about 5.8 allyl groups for each sucrose molecule. Also suitable for use herein are hydrophobically-modified crosslinked polymers of acrylic acid having amphipathic properties available under the Trade Name Carbopol 1382, Carbopol 1342 and Pemulen TR-1 (CTFA Designation: Acrylates / 10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer). A combination of the polyalkenyl polyether cross-linked acrylic acid polymer and the hydrophobically modified crosslinked acrylic acid polymer is also suitable for use herein. Other suitable gelling agents suitable for use herein are oleogels such as trihydroxystearin and aluminum magnesium hydroxy stearate.

[0166] Non-limiting examples of suitable thickeners and / or viscosifiers of personal care composition include: Acetamide MEA; acrylamide / ethalkonium chloride acrylate copolymer; acrylamide / ethyltrimonium chloride acrylate / ethalkonium chloride acrylate copolymer; acrylamides copolymer; acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymer; acrylamide / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer; acrylates / acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate copolymer; acrylates / beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer; acrylates / C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; acrylates / ceteth-20 itaconate copolymer; acrylates / ceteth-20 methacrylate copolymer; acrylates / laureth-25 methacrylate copolymer; acrylates / palmeth-25 acrylate copolymer; acrylates / palmeth-25 itaconate copolymer; acrylates / steareth-50 acrylate copolymer; acrylates / steareth-20 itaconate copolymer; acrylates / steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer; acrylates / stearyl methacrylate copolymer; acrylates / vinyl isodecanoate crosspolymer; acrylic acid / acrylonitrogens copolymer; adipic acid / methyl DEA crosspolymer; agar; agarose; alcaligenes polysaccharides; algin; alginic acid; almondamide DEA; almondamidopropyl betaine; aluminum / magnesium hydroxide stearate; ammonium acrylates / acrylonitrogens copolymer; ammonium acrylates copolymer; ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / vinyl formamide copolymer; ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / VP copolymer; ammonium alginate; ammonium chloride; ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate; ammonium sulfate; amylopectin; apricotamide DEA; apricotamidopropyl betaine; arachidyl alcohol; arachidyl glycol; arachis hypogaea (peanut) flour; ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate; astragalus gummifer gum; attapulgite; avena sativa (oat)Docket No.: 4361PCT kernel flour; avocadamide DEA; avocadamidopropyl betaine; azelamide MEA; babassuamide DEA; babassuamide MEA; babassuamidopropyl betaine; behenamide DEA; behenamide MEA; behenamidopropyl betaine; behenyl betaine; bentonite; butoxy chitosan; caesalpinia spinosa gum; calcium alginate; calcium carboxymethyl cellulose; calcium carrageenan; calcium chloride; calcium potassium carbomer; calcium starch octenylsuccinate; C20-40 alkyl stearate; canolamidopropyl betaine; capramide DEA; capryl / capramidopropyl betaine; carbomer; carboxybutyl chitosan; carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate; carboxymethyl chitin; carboxymethyl chitosan; carboxymethyl dextran; carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose; carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar; carnitine; cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate; cellulose gum; ceratonia siliqua gum; cetearyl alcohol; cetyl alcohol; cetyl babassuate; cetyl betaine; cetyl glycol; cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose; chimyl alcohol; cholesterol / HDI / pullulan copolymer; cholesteryl hexyl dicarbamate pullulan; citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel extract; cocamide DEA; cocamide MEA; cocamide MIPA; cocamidoethyl betaine; cocamidopropyl betaine; cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; coco-betaine; coco-hydroxysultaine; coconut alcohol; coco / oleamidopropyl betaine; coco-Sultaine; cocoyl sarcosinamide DEA; cornamide / cocamide DEA; cornamide DEA; croscarmellose; cross-linked bacillus / glucose / sodium glutamate ferment; cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar) gum; decyl alcohol; decyl betaine; dehydroxanthan gum; dextrin; dibenzylidene sorbitol; diethanolaminooleamide DEA; diglycol / CHDM / isophthalates / SIP copolymer; dihydroabietyl behenate; dihydrogenated tallow benzylmonium hectorite; dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate; dimethicone / PEG-10 crosspolymer; dimethicone / PEG-15 crosspolymer; dimethicone propyl PG-betaine; dimethylacrylamide / acrylic acid / polystyrene ethyl methacrylate copolymer; dimethylacrylamide / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate crosspolymer; disteareth-100 IPDI; DMAPA acrylates / acrylic acid / acrylonitrogens copolymer; erucamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; ethylene / sodium acrylate copolymer; gelatin; gellan gum; glyceryl alginate; glycine soja (soybean) flour; guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride; hectorite; hyaluronic acid; hydrated silica; hydrogenated potato starch; hydrogenated tallow; hydrogenated tallowamide DEA; hydrogenated tallow betaine; hydroxybutyl methylcellulose; hydroxyethyl acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer; hydroxyethylcellulose; hydroxyethyl chitosan; hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose; hydroxyethyl stearamide-MIPA; hydroxylauryl / hydroxymyristyl betaine; hydroxypropylcellulose; hydroxypropyl chitosan; hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine carbomer; hydroxypropyl guar; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose stearoxyDocket No.: 4361PCT ether; hydroxypropyl starch; hydroxypropyl starch phosphate; hydroxypropyl xanthan gum; hydroxystearamide MEA; isobutylene / sodium maleate copolymer; isostearamide DEA; isostearamide MEA; isostearamide mIPA; isostearamidopropyl betaine; lactamide MEA; lanolinamide DEA; lauramide DEA; lauramide MEA; lauramide MIPA; lauramide / myristamide DEA; lauramidopropyl betaine; lauramidopropyl hydroxysultaine; laurimino bispropanediol; lauryl alcohol; lauryl betaine; lauryl hydroxysultaine; lauryl / myristyl glycol hydroxypropyl ether; lauryl sultaine; lecithinamide DEA; linoleamide DEA; linoleamide MEA; linoleamide MIPA; lithium magnesium silicate; lithium magnesium sodium silicate; macrocystis pyrifera (kelp); magnesium alginate; magnesium / aluminum / hydroxide / carbonate; magnesium aluminum silicate; magnesium silicate; magnesium trisilicate; methoxy PEG-22 / dodecyl glycol copolymer; methylcellulose; methyl ethylcellulose; methyl hydroxyethylcellulose; microcrystalline cellulose; milkamidopropyl betaine; minkamide DEA; minkamidopropyl betaine; MIPA-myristate; montmorillonite; Moroccan lava clay; myristamide DEA; myristamide MEA; myristamide MIPA; myristamidopropyl betaine; myristamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; myristyl alcohol; myristyl betaine; natto gum; nonoxynyl hydroxyethylcellulose; oatamide MEA; oatamidopropyl betaine; octacosanyl glycol isostearate; octadecene / MA copolymer; oleamide DEA; oleamide MEA; oleamide MIPA; oleamidopropyl betaine; oleamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; oleyl betaine; olivamide DEA; olivamidopropyl betaine; oliveamide MEA; palmamide DEA; palmamide MEA; palmamide MIPA; palmamidopropyl betaine; palmitamide DEA; palmitamide MEA; palmitamidopropyl betaine; palm kernel alcohol; palm kernelamide DEA; palm kernelamide MEA; palm kernelamide MIPA; palm kernelamidopropyl betaine; peanutamide MEA; peanutamide MIPA; pectin; PEG-800; PEG-crosspolymer; PEG-150 / decyl alcohol / SMDI copolymer; PEG-175 diisostearate; PEG-190 distearate; PEG-15 glyceryl tristearate; PEG-140 glyceryl tristearate; PEG-240 / HDI copolymer bis-decyltetradeceth-20 ether; PEG-100 / IPDI copolymer; PEG-180 / laureth-50 / TMMG copolymer; PEG-10 / lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer; PEG-15 / lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer; PEG-2M; PEG-5M; PEG-7M; PEG-9M; PEG-14M; PEG-20M; PEG-23M; PEG-25M; PEG-45M; PEG-65M; PEG-90M; PEG-115M; PEG-160M; PEG-180M; PEG-120 methyl glucose trioleate; PEG-180 / octoxynol-40 / TMMG copolymer; PEG- 150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate; PEG-4 rapeseedamide; PEG-150 / stearyl alcohol / SMDI copolymer; phaseolus angularis seed powder; polianthes tuberosa extract; polyacrylate-3; polyacrylic acid; polycyclopentadiene; polyether-1; polyethylene / isopropyl maleate / MADocket No.: 4361PCT copolyol; polyglyceryl-3 disiloxane dimethicone; polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone; polymethacrylic acid; polyquaternium-52; polyvinyl alcohol; potassium alginate; potassium aluminum polyacrylate; potassium carbomer; potassium carrageenan; potassium chloride; potassium palmate; potassium polyacrylate; potassium sulfate; potato starch modified; PPG-2 cocamide; PPG-1 hydroxyethyl caprylamide; PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide; PPG-2 hydroxyethyl coco / isostearamide; PPG-3 hydroxyethyl soyamide; PPG-14 laureth-60 hexyl dicarbamate; PPG-14 laureth-60 isophoryl dicarbamate; PPG-14 palmeth-60 hexyl dicarbamate; propylene glycol alginate; PVP / decene copolymer; PVP montmorillonite; pyrus cydonia seed; pyrus malus (apple) fiber; rhizobian gum; ricebranamide DEA; ricinoleamide DEA; ricinoleamide MEA; ricinoleamide MIPA; ricinoleamidopropyl betaine; ricinoleic acid / adipic acid / AEEA copolymer; rosa multiflora flower wax; sclerotium gum; sesamide DEA; sesamidopropyl betaine; sodium acrylate / acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer; sodium acrylates / acrolein copolymer; sodium acrylates / acrylonitrogens copolymer; sodium acrylates copolymer; sodium acrylates crosspolymer; sodium acrylate / sodium acrylamidomethylpropane sulfonate copolymer; sodium acrylates / vinyl isodecanoate crosspolymer; sodium acrylate / vinyl alcohol copolymer; sodium carbomer; sodium carboxymethyl chitin; sodium carboxymethyl dextran; sodium carboxymethyl beta-glucan; sodium carboxymethyl starch; sodium carrageenan; sodium cellulose sulfate; sodium chloride; sodium cyclodextrin sulfate; sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate; sodium isooctylene / MA copolymer; sodium magnesium fluorosilicate; sodium oleate; sodium palmitate; sodium palm kernelate; sodium polyacrylate; sodium polyacrylate starch; sodium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate; sodium polygamma-glutamate; sodium polymethacrylate; sodium polystyrene sulfonate; sodium silicoaluminate; sodium starch octenylsuccinate; sodium stearate; sodium stearoxy PG-hydroxyethylcellulose sulfonate; sodium styrene / acrylates copolymer; sodium sulfate; sodium tallowate; sodium tauride acrylates / acrylic acid / acrylonitrogens copolymer; sodium tocopheryl phosphate; solanum tuberosum (potato) starch; soyamide DEA; soyamidopropyl betaine; starch / acrylates / acrylamide copolymer; starch hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride; stearamide AMP; stearamide DEA; stearamide DEA-distearate; stearamide DIBA- stearate; stearamide MEA; stearamide MEA-stearate; stearamide MIPA; stearamidopropyl betaine; steareth-60 cetyl ether; steareth-100 / PEG-136 / HDI copolymer; stearyl alcohol; stearyl betaine; sterculia urens gum; synthetic fluorphlogopite; tallamide DEA; tallow alcohol; tallowamide DEA; tallowamide MEA; tallowamidopropyl betaine; tallowamidopropylDocket No.: 4361PCT hydroxysultaine; tallowamine oxide; tallow betaine; tallow dihydroxyethyl betaine; tamarindus indica seed gum; tapioca starch; TEA-alginate; TEA-carbomer; TEA-hydrochloride; trideceth-2 carboxamide MEA; tridecyl alcohol; triethylene glycol dibenzoate; trimethyl pentanol hydroxyethyl ether; triticum vulgare (wheat) germ powder; triticum vulgare (wheat) kernel flour; triticum vulgare (wheat) starch; tromethamine acrylates / acrylonitrogens copolymer; tromethamine magnesium aluminum silicate; undecyl alcohol; undecylenamide DEA; undecylenamide MEA; undecylenamidopropyl betaine; welan gum; wheat germamide DEA; wheat germamidopropyl betaine; xanthan gum; yeast beta-glucan; yeast polysaccharides; zea mays (corn) starch; and blends thereof.

[0167] Preferred thickeners of personal care composition for use herein include crosslinked maleic anhydride-alkyl methylvinylethers, and copolymers. Also useful are Carbomer®, natural gums, highly crosslinked polymethacrylate copolymer such as Microsponges® 5647, which take the form of generally spherical particles of crosslinked hydrophobic polymer having a pore size of from about 0.01 to about 0.05 μm and a surface area of 200-300 m2 / g.

[0168] The personal care composition of present application can be preserved by adding a minor quantity of preservatives to the compositions. Such preservatives can be selected from, but are not limited to, triazoles, imidazoles, naphthalene derivatives, benzimidazoles, morpholine derivatives, dithiocarbamates, benzisothiazoles, benzamides, boron compounds, formaldehyde donors, isothiazolones, thiocyanates, quaternary ammonium compounds, iodine derivates, phenol derivatives, microbicides, pyridines, dialkylthiocarbamates, nitriles, parabens, alkyl parabens and salts thereof. Wherein the range of preservative employed is in the range of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %. The preservative concentration in the composition, based on the total weight of that composition, is in the range of between about 0.05% and about 1.0% by weight, preferably between about 0.1% and about 0.4% by weight. Suitable preservatives for use herein include sodium benzoate and propyl paraben, and mixtures thereof.

[0169] The preferred fatty substance-based additive / excipient for the present application of personal care composition include fatty alcohols, natural and synthetic waxes, ceramides, mineral oils, vegetable oils, animal oils, synthetic oils. The other preferred fatty substances are isododecane, hydrogenated polyisobutene, squalane, isononyl isononanoate, cyclotetra- and -Docket No.: 4361PCT pentadimethicones, phenyltrimethicone, ethylene homopolymers, ethoxylated fats and oils, fluoroalkanes, seracite, shea butter, arachidyl propionate alone or in combination. For the definition of waxes, mention may be made, for example, of P. D. Dorgan, Drug and Cosmetic Industry, December 1983, pp.30-33.

[0170] The personal care suitable solvent of the present application can consist of water, a cosmetically / dermatologically acceptable solvent, or a blend of water and a cosmetically / dermatologically acceptable solvent, such as a lower alcohol composed of C1 to C4, such as ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, n-butanol, alkylene glycols such as propylene glycol, and glycol ethers. However, the compositions of the invention can be anhydrous. The most preferred solvents of the present application would include water, ethanol and / or iso-propanol. It is contemplated to employ other suitable solvents for preparing products of the present application which would include but are not limited to, linear and branched C1-C6 alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexanol, and mixtures thereof; aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, cycloaliphatic alcohols, such as cyclohexanol, and the like; saturated C12-C30 fatty alcohol, such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and the like. Non-limiting examples of polyols include polyhydroxy alcohols, such as glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, C2-C4 alkoxylated alcohols and C2-C4 alkoxylated polyols, such as ethoxylated, propoxylated, and butoxylated ethers of alcohols, diols, and polyols having about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms and 1 to about 40 alkoxy units, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, and the like. Non-limiting examples of non-aqueous auxiliary solvents include silicones, and silicone derivatives, such as cyclomethicone, and the like, aliphatic solvents such as cyclohexane and heptane, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures thereof; ethers such as diethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, and mixtures thereof, natural and synthetic oils and waxes, such as vegetable oils, plant oils, animal oils, essential oils, mineral oils, C7-C40 isoparaffins, alkyl carboxylic esters, such as ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and the like, jojoba oil, shark liver oil, and the like.

[0171] The alkaline pH adjusting agents such as alkali metal hydroxides, for example, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide; ammonium hydroxide; organic bases, such as triethanolamine, diisopropylamine, dodecylamine, diisopropanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, cocamine, oleamine, morpholine, triamylamine, triethylamine, tromethamine (2-amino-2-Docket No.: 4361PCT hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol), and tetrakis(hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine; and alkali metal salts of inorganic acids, such as sodium borate (borax), sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Acidic pH adjusting agents can be organic acids, including amino acids, and inorganic mineral acids. Non-limiting examples of acidic pH adjusting agents include acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, hydrochloric acid, lactic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium bisulfate, sulfuric acid, tartaric acid, and the like, and mixtures thereof. The desired pH of the personal care composition is in the range of from about 2 to about 13, and in some embodiment, it is preferably between about 4 to about 8. The utility levels of the pH modifying agent can be present in an effective amount required to achieve the desired pH level.

[0172] The coloring agents, colorants or dyes used herein include natural foods colors and dyes suitable for food, drug and personal care applications. These colorants are also known as FD & C, and D&C dyes and lakes and are preferably water-soluble in nature. A full recitation of all FD&C and D&C dyes and their corresponding chemical structures may be found in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Volume 5, pages 857-884, which text is accordingly incorporated herein by reference. These coloring agents may be incorporated in amount up to about 3%, more particularly up to about 2%, and in some cases less than about 1% by weight of the personal care compositions.

[0173] A perfume or fragrance obtained from natural or synthetic source can be employed in the present personal care composition. The fragrance can be used along with a suitable solvent, diluents or carrier. Fragrances may be added in any conventionally known method, for example, admixing to a composition or blending with other ingredients used to form a composition, in amounts which are found to be useful to increase or impart the desired scent characteristics to the disinfectant or cleaning compositions. Fragrances for the present application can be one or more selected from the following non-limiting group of compounds such as essential oils, absolutes, resinoids, resins, concretes, hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, acids, esters, acetals, ketals, nitriles, including saturated and unsaturated compounds and aliphatic, carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0174] The term "sequestering agent" or “chelating agent” as used herein relates to a compound which is capable of bonding or complexing a metal ion between two or more atoms of the compound, thereby neutralizing or controlling harmful effects of such metal ions. Wherein holding or bonding of a metal ion is through combination of one or more different types of bonds including coordination and / or ionic bonds. Further, the information on sequestering and chelating agents that are considered for the present application of personal care composition is duly disclosed in T. E. Furia, CRC Handbook of Food Additives, 2nd Edition, pp. 271-294 (1972), and M. S. Peterson and A. M. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Food Science, pp. 694-699 (1978) are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0175] Suitable personal care sunscreens which can be formulated into the compositions of the present invention are those selected from among: methoxydibenzoylmethane; octyl salicylate; pentyl dimethyl PABA; octyl dimethyl PABA; benzophenone-1; benzophenone-6; 2-(2H- benzotriazole-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert- pentylphenol; ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate; homomethyl salicylate (homosalate); bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine; methyl-(l,2,2,6,6- pentamethyl-4- piperidyl)-sebacate; 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-methylphenol; diethylhexyl butamido triazone; amyl dimethyl PABA; 4,6-bis(octylthiomethyl)-o-cresol; red petroleum; ethylhexyl triazone; octocrylene; isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate; drometrizole; titanium dioxide; 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-phenol; 2-hydroxy-4- octyloxybenzophenone; benzophenone-2; diisopropyl methylcinnamate; PEG-25 PABA; 2-(l,l- dimethylethyl)-6-[[3-(l,l-demethylethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]methyl-4- methylphenyl acrylate; drometrizole trisiloxane; menthyl anthranilate; butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane; 2- ethoxyethyl p-methoxycinnamate; benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid; dimethoxyphenyl-[l-(3,4)]- 4,4-dimethyl 1,3-pentanedione; zinc oxide; N,N'-hexane-l,6-diylbis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenylpropionamide)]; pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate] ; 2,6-di-tert- butyl-4-[4,6-bis(octylthio)-l,3,5-triazin-2- ylamino]phenol; 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)- 4,6-bis(l-methyl-l-phenylethyl)phenol; trolamine salicylate; diethylanolamine p- methoxycinnamate; polysilicone-15; 4-methylbenzylidene camphor; bisoctrizole; N- phenyl-benzenamine; reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene; sulisobenzone; (2- ethylhexyl)-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate; digalloyl trioleate; polyacrylamido methylbenzylidene camphor; glyceryl ethylhexanoate dimethoxycinnamate; l,3-bis-[(2'- cyano- 3',3'-diphenylacryloyl)oxy]-2,2-bis-[(2'-cyano-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl) - sebacate ;Docket No.: 4361PCT benzophenone- 5 ; 1 , 3 , 5 -tris (3 ,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -1,3,5- triazine- 2,4,6(lH,3H,5H)-trione; hexamethylendiamine; benzophenone- 8; ethyl-4- bis(hydroxypropyl)aminobenzoate; 6-tert-butyl-2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4- methylphenol; p-aminobenzoic acid; 3,3',3",5,5',5"-hexa-tert-butyl-a-a'-a"-(mesitylene- 2,4,6- triyl)tri-p-cresol; lawsone with dihydroxyacetone; benzophenone-9; benzophenone - 4; ethylhexyl dimethoxy benzylidene dioxoimidazoline propionate; N,N'-bisformyl-N,N'- bis-(2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-; 3-benzylidene camphor; terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid; camphor benzalkonium methosulfate; bisdisulizole disodium; etocrylene; ferulic acid; 2-(2H- benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol; 4,6-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-o-cresol; β-2- glucopyranoxy propyl hydroxy benzophenone; phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid; benzophenone- 3; diethylamine hydroxybenzoyl hexylbenzoate; 3',3'- diphenylacryloyl)oxy]methyl}-propane; ethylhexyl p- methoxycinnamate, and blends thereof.

[0176] Suitable sunscreens which can be formulated into the compositions of the instant invention are those selected from among: aminobenzoic acid, amyldimethyl PABA, cinoxate, diethanolamine p-methoxycinnamate, digalloyl trioleate, dioxybenzone, 2-ethoxyethyl p- methoxycinnamate, ethyl 4-bis(hydroxypropyl)aminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3- diphenylacrylate, ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, glyceryl aminobenzoate, homomenthyl salicylate, homosalate, 3-imidazol-4-ylacrylic acid and ethyl ester, methyl anthranilate, octyldimethyl PABA, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and salts, red petrolatum, sulisobenzone, titanium dioxide, triethanolamine salicylate, N,N,N-trimethyl-4-(2- oxoborn-3-ylidene methyl)anillinium methyl sulfate, and mixtures thereof.

[0177] According to another embodiment of the present application, the personal care composition may also contain additional materials such as, for example, fillers such as nylon, electrolytes such as sodium chloride, proteins, antioxidants and chelating agents as appropriate.

[0178] Non-limiting applications of the hair care compositions include: hair styling, hair setting, hair sculpting, hair curling, hair holding, hair waving, hair fixing, hair maintaining, hair shaping, hair straightening, hair volumizing, hair relaxing, shampooing, hair conditioning, hair cleansing, hair conditioning, promoting hair style durability, imparting humidity resistance to hair and hair styles, enhancing hair shine, repairing split ends of hair, enhancing hair manageabilityDocket No.: 4361PCT such as lightness, smoothness, softness, disentangling and / or suppleness of hair, modulating hair stylability, protecting hair from thermal damage, hair dyeing, hair coloring, hair bleaching, oxidation dyeing of hair, limiting hair color bleeding, protecting hair color, hair treating (e.g., anti- dandruff), anti-hair fall, and protecting hair from UV radiation.

[0179] Non-limiting applications of the oral care compositions include: tooth and / or mouth cleansing, providing denture adhesion, delivering and / or retaining actives to oral cavity, mouth washing, mouth refreshing, mouth rinsing, mouth gargling, providing oral hygiene, preventing, reducing, controlling, and / or removing tooth stain, preventing and / or controlling tooth decay, preventing and / or controlling tartar, tooth flossing, tooth whitening and / or bleaching, mouth treating, and tooth filling.

[0180] According to another embodiment of the present application, agricultural composition is contemplated to employ one or more agriculturally active ingredient and one or more additional ingredient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

[0181] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, in the agricultural composition comprising pH adjuster is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%; from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.% or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.% or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0182] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, in the agricultural composition comprising one or more agriculturally active ingredient is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15Docket No.: 4361PCT wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; or from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.%; or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.%; or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.%; from about 95 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0183] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, in the agricultural composition comprising one or more additional ingredient adjuvant or an inert ingredient is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; or from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.%; or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.%; or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.%; from about 95 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0184] According to another embodiment of the present application, it is contemplated to employ at least one agricultural active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fertilizers, herbicides, ovicides, fungicides, pesticides selected from the group of rodenticides, miticides, algicides, molluscicides, acaricides, avicides, insecticides, germicides, antibiotics, antibacterial, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, antiparasites and antimicrobials compounds.

[0185] According to another embodiment of the present application, pesticides contemplated for use in the present invention include, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, acaricides, and molluscicides.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0186] The fertilizer contemplated for use in the present application can include an inorganic fertilizer, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a manure, a compost, a rock phosphate, a bone meal, an alfalfa, a wood chip, a langbeinite, a cover crops, potassium sulfate, a rock powder, ash, a blood meal, a fish meal, a fish emulsion, an algae, a chitosan and a molasse.

[0187] Examples of herbicides contemplated for use in the present application can include phenoxy carboxylic acids (e.g.2,4-D-acid, MCPA), benzoic acids (e.g. Dicamba-acid), ureas, (e.g. Diuron) sulfonylureas (e.g. methylsulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron), triazines (e.g. atrazine, simazine, ametryn), triazolinones (e.g. amicarbazone) and pyridine carboxylic acids (e.g. triclopyr).

[0188] Examples of fungicides contemplated for use in the present application include fungicides of the classes triazoles (e.g. tebuconazole, tetraconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, difenconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, myclobutanil), strobilurins (e.g. trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, pyraclostrobin), alkylenebis(dithiocarbamate) compounds (e.g. mancozeb) and benzimidazoles (e.g carbendazim).

[0189] Examples of insecticides contemplated for use in the present invention include neonicotinoids (e.g. thiamethoxam, clothianidin, thiacloprid, dinotefuran, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, imidacloprid), amidines (e.g. amitraz), organophosphates (e.g. chlorpyrifos) and pyrethroids (e.g. permethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin).

[0190] Antimicrobials suitable for agrochemical compositions according to the present invention includes germicides, antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals and antiparasites. Bactericidal disinfectants mostly used are those applying active chlorine (i.e., hypochlorites, chloramines, dichloroisocyanurate and trichloroisocyanurate, wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide, etc.), active oxygen (peroxides such as peracetic acid, potassium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate and urea perhydrate), iodine (iodopovidone (povidone-iodine, Betadine), Lugol's solution, iodine tincture, iodinated nonionic surfactants), concentrated alcohols (mainly ethanol, 1-propanol, called also n-propanol and 2-propanol, called isopropanol and mixtures thereof; further, 2-phenoxyethanol and 1- and 2-phenoxypropanols are used), phenolic substances (such as phenol (also called “carbolic acid”), cresols (called “Lysole” in combination with liquid potassium soaps), halogenated (chlorinated, brominated) phenols, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichlorophenol, tribromophenol, pentachlorophenol, Dibromol andDocket No.: 4361PCT salts thereof), cationic surfactants such as some quaternary ammonium cations (such as benzalkonium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide or chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride) and others, non-quarternary compounds such as chlorhexidine, glucoprotamine, octenidine dihydrochloride, etc.), strong oxidizers such as ozone and permanganate solutions; heavy metals and their salts such as colloidal silver, silver nitrate, mercury chloride, phenylmercury salts, copper sulfate, copper oxide-chloride etc. Heavy metals and their salts are the most toxic and environmentally hazardous bactericides and, therefore, their use is strongly suppressed or forbidden; further, also properly concentrated strong acids (phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, amidosulfuric, toluenesulfonic acids) and alcalis (sodium, potassium, calcium hydroxides).

[0191] Suitable examples of plant growth regulators contemplated for use in the present agricultural composition include, but are not limited to, phosphonic acids (e.g. ethephon), gibberellins cytokinins (e.g. 6- benzylaminopurine), auxins (e.g. 1-naphtylacetic acid, triazoles, strobilurins, alkylenebis(dithiocarbamate) compounds, benzimidazoles, phenoxy carboxylic acids, benzoic acids, ureas, sulfonylureas, triazines, pyridine carboxylic acids, neonicotinides, amidines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids.

[0192] According to another embodiment of the present application of agricultural composition, it is contemplated to employ at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of adjuvant selected from the group of acidifying agents, buffering agents, anti-foam agents, defoaming agents, antitranspirants, dyes and brighteners, compatibility agents, crop oil concentrates, oil surfactants, deposition agents, drift reduction agents, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safeners, spreaders, extenders, adhesive agents, suspension agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, penetrants, tank and equipment cleaners, neutralizers, water absorbents, water softeners and mixtures thereof.

[0193] According to another embodiment of the present application of agricultural composition, it is contemplated to employ at least one ingredient further selected from the group consisting of solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, tackifiers, binders, preservatives, pH adjuster, clarifiers, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0194] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an agricultural composition can include an acidifying agent that improves the efficacy of the agricultural composition. The acidifying agent can be suitable organic and inorganic acids selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, perchloric acid, and combinations thereof.

[0195] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an agricultural composition can include a buffering agent to reduce the pH. A buffering agent includes mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, or nitrous acid; an organic acid such as glutaric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, acrylic acid, or combinations thereof.

[0196] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an agricultural composition can comprise effective antitranspirants compounds to reduce moisture loss. Antitranspirants compounds includes sorbitol, mannitol, and sucrose, silicones, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, paraffin, turpentine diene (terpene resin).

[0197] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an agricultural composition comprises a suitable “compatibility agent” which allows easier mixing of two or more components in a solution, thereby allowing the use of two or more chemicals in a tank that would otherwise be incompatible. Preferred compatibility agents are alkali metal acetates, earth alkali metal acetates, and mixtures thereof.

[0198] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an agricultural composition comprising a suitable crop oil concentrate (COC) can be used to enhance the weed control efficacy, reduced volatility, lower water solubility, low surface tension, improved surface coverage and penetration efficacy of an agricultural composition. Crop oil concentrate (COC) can be an aromatic or paraffinic solvent, a fatty acid, one or more lower alkyl fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene sulfates, phosphates, or carboxylates.

[0199] According to another embodiment of the present invention, agricultural compositions can utilize drift reduction agents as a soil or foliage penetrant, which can reduce drift or spray drift, by increasing the droplet size of a sprayed liquid. Preferred drift reduction agents are selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, at least one phospholipid, vegetable colloids, non- derivatized guar gum, non-cationic derivatized guar gum, cationic guar gum, polyethylene oxides,Docket No.: 4361PCT poly(vinyl pyrrolidones), polyacrylamides, a non-ionic emulsifier, a cationic emulsifier and an anionic emulsifier.

[0200] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the enhancing of deposition, a "deposition agent" of the agricultural composition assist in keeping it from drifting from the target area as it is being applied sprayed, or from being blown away from the plant or animal once it has been deposited. The deposition agents include, but are not limited to, modified cellulose (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose), botanicals (e.g., grain flours, ground plant parts), natural earths (talc, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth), natural clays (e.g., attapulgite, bentonite, kaolinite, montmorillonite), or synthetic (e.g., Laponite) or proteins (soy protein, potato protein, soy flour, potato flour, fish meal, bone meal, yeast extract, blood meal)

[0201] According to another embodiment of the present invention, herbicide safeners reduce or eliminate the phytotoxic effects of the active ingredient against non-target plant species (e.g. crops), while maintaining acceptable levels of efficacy against target species (e.g. weeds). Examples of herbicide safeners include, but are not limited to, benoxacor, (R,S)-4-dichloroacetyl- 3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine; cloquintocet, (5-chloroquinolin-8-yloxy)acetic acid; cloquintocet-mexyl, (R,S)-1-methylhexyl (5-chloroquinolin-8-yloxy)acetate; cyometrinil, (Z)- cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile; cyprosulfamide, N-[4- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfonyl]-o-anisamide or N-[4- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfonyl]-2-methoxybenzamide; dichlormid, N,N-diallyl-2,2- dichloroacetamide; dicyclonon, (R,S)-1-dichloroacetyl-3,3,8a-trimethylperhydropyrrolo[1,2- a]pyrimidin-6-one; dietholate, O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate; fenchlorazole, 1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid; fenchlorazole-ethyl, ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate; fenclorim, 1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid; flurazole, benzyl 2- chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate or benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylthiazole- 5-carboxylate; fluxofenim, 4′-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (E,Z)-O-1,3-dioxolan-2- ylmethyloxime; furilazole, (R,S)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine; isoxadifen, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diphenyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid; isoxadifen-ethyl, ethyl 4,5- dihydro-5,5-diphenyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate; jiecaowan, 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3- dioxolane; jiecaoxi, N-allyl-N-(allylcarbamoylmethyl)-2,2-dichloroacetamide; mephenate, 4- chlorophenyl methylcarbamate; naphthalic anhydride, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride;Docket No.: 4361PCT oxabetrinil, (Z)-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile; mefenpyr, (R,S)-1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3,5-dicarboxylic acid; mefenpyr-diethyl, diethyl (R,S)-1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3,5-dicarboxylate, MG-191, 2-(dichloromethyl)-2- methyl-1,3-dioxolane and combinations thereof;

[0202] According to another embodiment of the present application, suitable suspension agents of agricultural composition are selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay, fumed silica and combinations thereof.

[0203] According to another embodiment of the present application, the adhesives used in agricultural composition can be, a wax such as carnauba wax, beeswax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, and rice bran wax, a polysaccharide (e.g., starch, dextrins, maltodextrins, alginate, and chitosans), a fat, oil, a protein (e.g., gelatin and zeins), gum arables, and shellacs. Adhesive agents can be non-naturally occurring compounds, e.g., polymers, copolymers, and waxes. For example, non-limiting examples of polymers that can be used as an adhesive agent include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, celluloses (e.g., ethylcelluloses, methylcelluloses, hydroxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, and carboxymethylcelluloses), polyvinylpyrolidones, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium lignosulfonates, acrylic copolymers, polyvinylacrylates, polyethylene oxide, acylamide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, methylacrylamide monomers, and polychloroprene.

[0204] According to another embodiment of the present application, the gelling agents of agricultural composition can be selected from gelling clay or a polysaccharide gum, bentonite clays, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, algal oligosaccharides, and combinations thereof,

[0205] According to another embodiment of the present application of agricultural composition, suitable examples of water-absorbent agents includes a crosslinked polyacrylic acid polymer; a hydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer; a neutralized starch-acrylic acid graft polymer; a saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymer; a crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose; a hydrolyzed or crosslinked acrylnitryl copolymer or acrylamide copolymer; a crosslinked cationic monomer; a crosslinked isobutylene-maleic acid copolymer; a crosslinked polymer of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and acrylic acid; and the like.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0206] According to another embodiment of the present application of agricultural composition, the water softener agents can be selected from sodium tripolyphosphate and tetra potassium pyrophosphate.

[0207] According to another embodiment of the present application, it is contemplated to employ at least one solvent used in the agricultural composition that exhibits desirable solvency relative to agricultural compositions. In addition, the solvents can include alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes such as isophorone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone, methyl esters of fatty acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, fuel oils, isophorone, methyl ethyl ketone, N-methylpyrolidone, butyl lactate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetophenone, or petroleum- derived toluene, xylene, chlorotoluene, benzene, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, naphthalene, ketones such as, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene and trichloroethane, alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, butanol and glycol ethers and combination thereof.

[0208] According to another embodiment of the present application, solid and liquid carriers can be utilized in agricultural composition, used to coat seeds with compositions or to distribute oil compositions into a field. Solid carriers such as diatomaceous earth, finely ground limestone or magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate. Sugars such as sucrose, maltose, maltodextrin, or dextrose may also be used as solid carriers. Carriers can further include gases or vapors, such as steam, air, or inert gases such as diatomic nitrogen, which can be used to fluidize a solid composition. Other examples of suitable carrier include talc, bentonite, clay, kaoline, white carbon, vermiculite, slaked lime, silica sand, ammonium sulfate, urea, etc. and liquid carriers such as methylnaphthalene, isopropyl alcohol, xylene, cyclohexanone, water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, dimethylformaldehyde and ethyleneglycol.

[0209] According to an embodiment of agricultural composition, the “filler” can be selected from a group selected from bentonite, sub-bentonite, attapulgite, kaolinites, montmorillonite, bauxite, hydrated aluminas, calcined aluminas, diatomaceous earth, chalk, fuller's earth, dolomite, kiesulguhr, loess, prophyllites, talc, vermiculites, limestone, natural and synthetic silicates, silica and china clay.

[0210] According to an embodiment of agricultural composition, the “surfactant” is meant herein to mean a compound that lowers the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading.Docket No.: 4361PCT Suitable auxiliary surfactants include, but are not limited, to nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, polymeric surfactants.

[0211] The nonionic surfactants include, alkoxylates, mainly ethoxylates, and nonionic surfactants, in particular fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene esters, for example lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether acetate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers and alkyl polyoxypropylene ethers, linear fatty alcohols, alkylaryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, for example octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxylated animal and / or vegetable fats and / or oils, for example corn oil ethoxylates, castor oil ethoxylates, tallow fat ethoxylates, glycerol esters such as, for example, glycerol monostearate, fatty alcohol alkoxylates and oxo alcohol alkoxylates and oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol alkoxylates such as, for example, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol or nonylphenol, tributylphenyl polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty amine alkoxylates, fatty acid amide alkoxylates and fatty acid diethanolamide alkoxylates, in particular their ethoxylates, sugar surfactants, sorbitol esters such as, for example, sorbitan fatty acid esters (sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan tristearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkylpolyglycosides, N-alkylgluconamides, -alkylmethyl sulfoxides, alkyldimethylphosphine oxides such as, for example, tetradecyldimethylphosphine oxide.

[0212] The amphoteric surfactants include, for example, sulfobetaines, carboxybetaines and alkyldimethylamine oxides, for example tetradecyldimethylamine oxide.

[0213] The polymeric surfactants include, for example, di-, tri- and multi-block polymers of the type AB, ABA and BAB, for example optionally end-capped ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, for example ethylenediamine-EO / PO block copolymers, polystyrene block polyethylene oxide, and AB comb polymers, for example polymethacrylate comb polyethylene oxide.

[0214] Further surfactants are perfluoro surfactants, silicone surfactants, for example polyether-modified siloxanes, phospholipids such as, for example lecithin or chemically modified lecithins, amino acid surfactants, for example N-lauroylglutamate, and surface-active homo- and copolymers, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acids in the form of their salts, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide, maleic anhydride / isobutene copolymers and vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers. Unless specified, the alkyl chains ofDocket No.: 4361PCT the abovementioned surfactants are linear or branched radicals, usually having 8 to 25 carbon atoms.

[0215] The term “dispersing agent” of agricultural composition as used herein refers to a substance added to a suspension to improve the separation of particles and to prevent settling or clumping. According to an embodiment the dispersing agents which can be used in the agricultural composition can be chosen from a group comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol, lignosulphonates, phenyl naphthalene sulphonates, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated linear alcohols, polyaromatic sulfonates, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonates, glyceryl esters, maleic anhydride copolymers, phosphate esters, condensation products of aryl sulphonic acids and formaldehyde, condensation products of alkylaryl sulphonic acids and formaldehyde, addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, salts of addition products. of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, sulfonates of condensed naphthalene, addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, salts of addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, lignin derivatives, naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, sodium salt of isodecylsulfosuccinic acid half ester, polycarboxylates, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, sodium salts of sulfonated naphthalene, ammonium salts of sulfonated naphthalene, salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of phenolsulfonic acids and salts of naphthalene sulfonic acids.

[0216] The term “emulsifier” of agricultural composition as used herein refers to a substance that stabilizes an emulsion, i.e. a mixture of two or more liquids. The emulsifier can be any single emulsifier or combination of two or more emulsifiers that can produce an agricultural composition. The emulsifier can be anionic, cationic, or non-ionic, or can include a combination of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic emulsifiers.

[0217] Examples of non-ionic emulsifiers of agricultural composition include alkoxylated castor oil, alkoxylated polyarylphenols, alkoxylated alkyl phenols, alkoxylated alkylarylphenols, and alkoxylated fatty alcohols, as well as mixtures thereof. More specific examples include alkoxylated acetylenic diols, polyoxyalkylene mono- and di(alkyl)phenylethers, polyoxyalkylene di- and tristyrylphenylethers, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and C2-C6 alkyl adducts thereof, sorbitan C8-C20 mono-, di- and tri(C8-C20 fatty acid) esters, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan mono-, di- and tri(C8-C20 fatty acid) esters, sucrose esters and C8-C20 alkyl polyglycosides.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0218] Commercially available examples of non-ionic emulsifiers of agricultural composition include the following: those commercially available under the trade names POLYSORBATE 80 (aka, Tween 80; Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate); Tween 20 (Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate), Tween 85 (aka emulsifier T-85); TRITON X-100 (aka octylphenol ethoxylate).

[0219] Examples of useful anionic emulsifiers include calcium-dodecylbenzene sulfonate, di- octyl sulfosuccinate, sulfated or phosphated alkoxylated fatty alcohols, sulfated or phosphated alkoxylated alkylaryl phenols, and combinations of these. Some more specific examples include alkyl carboxylates including fatty acids, alcohol sulfates, alcohol phosphate mono- and diesters, (alkyl)phenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates, sulfates and sulfonates, (alkyl)phenol polyoxyethylene phosphate mono- and diesters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates and formaldehyde condensates thereof, lignosulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates, alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates, and C8-20 acyl glutamates, sarcosinates, isethionates and taurates. Cationic counterions accompanying an anionic emulsifier can preferably be monovalent, e.g., hydrogen, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and monovalent organic ammonium cations (isopropylamine).

[0220] Examples of emulsifiers which exhibit cationic properties in acidic conditions are fatty amines, amine oxides and amine ethoxylates. Amphoteric emulsifiers such as betaines may also exhibit such properties. Preferably, the cationic emulsifiers are selected from dimethylcocoamine, dimethyl- laurylamine oxide, alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, alkylpyridium chloride, alkylimidazolium chloride, or mixtures thereof.

[0221] Preferably, the nonionic emulsifiers are alkyl polysaccharides, sorbate emulsifiers, alkyl bearing ethoxylates or fatty alkanolamides. Alkyl polysaccharides are sometimes called alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl glucosides or alkyl saccharides. The sorbate emulsifiers are sorbitan mono- (or sesqui-) esters of fatty acids and include sorbitan mono-oleate and sorbitan monolaurate.

[0222] According to an embodiment the wetting agent which can be used in the agricultural composition can be selected from a group comprising carbinol (hydroxyl) terminated polydimethylsiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), Silwet 408 type wetting agents, phenyl naphthalene sulphonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt of sulfonated alkylcarboxylate, polyoxyalkylated ethyl phenols, polyoxyethoylated fatty alcohols, polyoxythoxylated fatty amines, lignin derivatives, alkane sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates,Docket No.: 4361PCT salts of polycarboxylic acids, salts of esters of sulfosuccinic acid, alkylnaphthalenesulphonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylpolyglycol ether sulfonates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether sulphates and alkyl sulfosuccinic monoesters. Examples of a wetting agent also include polyoxyethylenealkyl phenyl ethers, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, sodium alkylsulfates, sodium alkylsulfosuccinates and polyoxyethylenealkyl aryl ether or Break-thru DA 675 an aqueous solution of an organic modified polymer with pigment binding groups, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0223] The agriculture compositions can include a solubilizer to ensure good solubilization and / or dissolution of the active ingredients such as the fungicide and / or lipopeptide. A solubilizer can also be added to increase the solubility of the fungicide and / or lipopeptide and / or other components, such as surfactants, or to maintain the composition as a stable or homogeneous solution or dispersion.

[0224] Examples of suitable solubilizers of agricultural composition include, but are not limited to, the following: alcohols and polyols, such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediols and isomers thereof, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, transcutol, dimethyl isosorbide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinylalcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives, cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives; ethers of polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 6000, such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol PEG ether (glycofurol) or methoxy PEG; amides and other nitrogen-containing compounds such as 2-pyrrolidone, 2-piperidone, ε- caprolactam, N-alkylpyrrolidone, N-hydroxyalkylpyrrolidone, N-alkylpiperidone, N- alkylcaprolactam, dimethylacetamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone; esters such as ethyl propionate, tributylcitrate, acetyl triethylcitrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, triethylcitrate, ethyl oleate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl butyrate, triacetin, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, .epsilon.-caprolactone and isomers thereof, δ-valerolactone and isomers thereof, β-butyrolactone and isomers thereof; and other solubilizers known in the art, such as dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl isosorbide, N-methylpyrrolidones, monooctanoin, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and water.

[0225] A solubilizer for use in the present invention can be any substance that increases the solubility of an agricultural composition in water. Preferred solubilizers include benzyl acetate; N- methyl pyrrolidone; propylene carbonate; alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, ethanol, methanol; andDocket No.: 4361PCT mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, solubilizers include sorbitol, triacetin, ethyl alcohol, PEG-400, glycofurol and propylene glycol.

[0226] The term “penetration enhancer” of agricultural composition used herein as a compound that accelerates the uptake of active ingredient through the cuticle of a plant into the plant, i.e., the rate of uptake, and / or increases the amount of active ingredient absorbed into the plant. Classes of substances known as penetration enhancers, include alkyl phosphates, such as tributyl phosphate and tripropyl phosphate, and naphthalenesulphonic acid salts.

[0227] Suitable agricultural stickers / adhesion agents include block copolymer EO / PO surfactants but also polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polybutenes, polyisobutylenes, polystyrene, polyethyleneamines, polyethyleneamides, polyethyleneimines (Lupasol®, Polymin®), polyethers and copolymers derived from these polymers.

[0228] Suitable agricultural thickener is a kind of auxiliary rheological agents; Rheological characteristic to the hierarchy of control plays important effect, and it can improve system viscosity, makes system keep stable suspended state or milkiness state uniformly; or the formation gel, can give the physical and chemical stability ability of product fine. The thickener kind is a lot, can be divided into water-based thickener, oiliness thickener, acid thickener, alkaline thickener through its purposes.When selecting these thickeners except flowability, transparency, denseness, gelation and the suspended particulate ability that will consider product. Thickners / stabilizers such as natural polymers such as Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, natural gums, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), HPMC or synthetic polymers based on acrylates, polyacrylamide (PAM), PVP or combination of synthetic polymers and carbomers.

[0229] Examples of the thickener include organic thickeners such as xanthan gum, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methylcellulose, and alginic acid, and inorganic thickeners such as bentonite. If desired, a cellulose ether adhesive thickening agent can also be added. Other thickeners include hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl propyl cellulose, and the like.

[0230] According to another embodiment of the present invention of agricultural composition, the humectant will act to absorb moisture during humid periods of time and the moisture so held by the humectant will then be extracted by the powerful osmosis action of root fibres during dryDocket No.: 4361PCT hot periods of time (such as during dry hot days). Humectants which have surprisingly been found to have substantial advantages in improving plant root watering, include sorbitol, glycerol, molasses, potassium lactate, sodium lactate and potassium acetate.

[0231] According to another embodiment of the present invention of agricultural composition, the repellent substances are known to cause insects to be driven away from or to reject (otherwise insect-acceptable) food sources. Repellents may be in the form of gases (olfactory), liquids, or solids (gustatory). Insect repellents include, but are not limited to, benzil, benzyl benzoate; 2,3,4,5- bis(butyl-2-ene) tetrahydrofurfural (MGK Repellent 11); butoxypolypropylene glycol; N- butylacetanilide; normal-butyl-6,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-pyrone-2-carboxylate (Indalone); dibutyl adipate; dibutyl phthalate; di-normal-butyl succinate (Tabatrex); N,N-diethyl-meta- toluamide (also known as Delphone, Detamide, Autan, or, more simply, Deet); dimethyl carbate (cis-bicyclo-[2.2.1]-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylate); dimethyl phthalate; 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3- propanediol; 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (Rutgers 612); di-normal-propyl isocinchomeronate (MGK Repellent 326); 2-phenylcyclohexanol; and normal-propyl N, N-diethylsuccinamate. Standard repellents for mosquitoes, ticks, and the like are citronella oil, dimethyl phthalate, normal- butylmesityl oxide oxalate and 2-ethyl hexanediol-1,3. A particular group of insect repellents includes the terpenoid compounds, Terpenoid-alcohol or terpene-ols are terpenoids which have at least one hydroxyl group. Examples of terpene-ols include: perillyl alcohol, carveol, myrtenol, and cis-verbenol; myrtanol, iso-pinocampheol, dihydrocarveol, isopulegol, terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, nerol, geraniol, and linalool, menthol, beta-citronellol, and dihydro-myrcenol.

[0232] The agricultural composition further comprises feeding stimulants or attractants include floral odor, light, pheromone, a plant extract, a sugar, honey, molasses, a protein, or combinations of amino acids in varying amounts; or other attractants adaptable to multiple insect species to attract insects to consume or otherwise be exposed to the active ingredients. The food substance includes a plant extract, a sugar, honey, molasses, a protein, or combinations of amino acids in varying amounts; or other fluid or material adaptable to be ingested by multiple insect species.

[0233] The agricultural compositions can include a feeding stimulant (also known as a gustatory stimulant) for the insect to be controlled, a 1-arylpyrazole and / or nicotinyl insecticide. Suitable feeding stimulants include, but are not limited to, proteins, including animal proteins and plant proteins, e.g. in the form meat meal, fish meal, fish extracts, seafood, seafood extracts, orDocket No.: 4361PCT blood meal, insect parts, crickets powder, yeast extracts, egg yolk, protein hydrolysates, yeast autolysates, gluten hydrolysates, and the like; carbohydrates and hydrogenated carbohydrates, in particular mono- and disaccharides such glucose, arabinose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose or mixtures thereof such as molasses, corn syrup, maple syrup, invert sugars, and honey; polysaccharides including starch such as potato starch, corn starch, and starch based materials such as cereal powders (e.g. wheat powder, maize powder, malt powder, rice powder, rice bran), pectines, and glycerol, hydrogenated mono- and oligosaccharides (sugar alcohols) such as xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, isomaltolose, trehalose and maltitol as well as maltitol containing syrups; fats and oils, such as vegetable oils, e.g. corn oil, olive oil, caraway oil, linseed oil, canola oil, peanut oil, rape seed oil, sesame oil, soy bean oil, sunflower oil, fats and oils of animal origin such as fish based oil, and also fatty acids derived from the aforementioned fats and oils

[0234] Suitable compatibilizer of agricultural composition can be either a non-reactive compatibilizer or a reactive compatibilizer. Specific examples of reactive compatibilizer include, but are not limited to, long chain fatty acids, such as stearic acid (octadecanoic acid); long chain fatty acid chlorides, such as stearoyl chloride (octadecanoyl chloride); long chain fatty acid anhydrides, such as stearic anhydride (octadecanoic anhydride); epoxidized oils and fatty esters; styrene maleic anhydride copolymers; maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene; copolymers of maleic anhydride with olefins and / or acrylic esters, such as terpolymers of ethylene, acrylic ester and maleic anhydride; and copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate with olefins and / or acrylic esters, such as terpolymers of ethylene, acrylic ester, and glycidyl methacrylate.

[0235] Examples of non-reactive compatibilizers of agricultural composition include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, block polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, polyglycerol esters, polysaccharide esters, and sorbitan esters. Examples of ethoxylated alcohols are C11-C15 secondary alcohol ethoxylates, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, and C12-014 natural liner alcohol ethoxylated with ethylene oxide. C11-C15 secondary ethyoxylates can be obtained as Dow Tergitol® 15S from the Dow Chemical Company. Polyoxyethlene cetyl ether and polyoxyethylene stearyl ether can be obtained from ICI Surfactants under the Brij® series of products. C12-C14 natural linear alcohol ethoxylated with ethylene oxide can be obtained from Hoechst Celanese under the Genapol® series of products. Examples of ethoxylated alkylphenols includeDocket No.: 4361PCT octylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol and nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol. Octylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol can be obtained as Igepal® CA series of products from Rhodia, and nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol can be obtained as Igepal CO series of products from Rhodia or as Tergitol® NP from Dow Chemical Company. Ethyoxylated fatty acids include polyethyleneglycol monostearate or monolaruate which can be obtained from Henkel under the Nopalcol® series of products. Block polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide can be obtained under the Pluronic® series of products from BASF. Polyglycerol esters can be obtained from Stepan under the Drewpol® series of products. Polysaccharide esters can be obtained from Henkel under the Glucopon® series of products, which are alkyl polyglucosides. Sorbitan esters can be obtained from ICI under the Tween® series of products.

[0236] The fungicides or bactericides of agricultural composition include organic sulfur fungicides or bactericides such as zineb agent, maneb agent, thiram agent, mancozeb agent, polycarbamate agent, propineb agent etc., benzimidazole fungicides or bactericides such as benomyl agent, thiophanate-methyl agent etc., dicarboxylic acid fungicides or bactericides such as iprodione agent, procymidone agent etc., other synthetic fungicides or bactericides such as triazine agent, iminoctadine triacetate agent, isoprothiolane agent, TPN agent, probenazole agent, captan agent, fluoromide agent, DPC agent, and iminoctadine albesilate agent, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as triflumizole agent, bitertanol agent, pyrifenox agent, fenarimol agent, triforine agent, triadimefon agent, myclobutanil agent, difenoconazole agent, and imibenconazole agent, acid amide fungicides or bactericides such as metalaxyl agent, and mepronil agent, copper fungicides or bactericides such as inorganic copper agent, and organic copper agent, antibiotic fungicides or bactericides such as streptomycin agent, polyoxin agent, blasticidin S agent, kasugamycin agent, validamycin agent, and oxytetracycline agent, soil fungicides or bactericides such as etridiazole agent, and hymexazol agent, melamine biosynthesis inhibitors such as phthalide agent, carpropamid agent, organic phosphorus fungicides or bactericides such as IBP agent, EDDP agent, and fosetyl agent, inorganic insecticides such as inorganic sulfur agent, and hydrogen carbonate agent, methoxyacrylate fungicides or bactericides such as azoxystrobin, and kresoxim- methyl agent, anilinopyrimidine fungicides or bactericides such as mepanipyrim agent, synthetic antibiotics such as oxolinic acid agent, naturally occurring fungicides or bactericides such as soybean lecithin, and bactericides derived from living things such as antagonistic bactericides.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0237] In at least one embodiment, the agricultural compositions described herein can comprise one or more anti-freezing agents. Non-limiting examples of anti-freezing agents include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, glycerin, and combinations thereof.

[0238] Suitable examples of solvent crystallization inhibitors of agricultural composition include, but are not limited to, NMP, DMA, DMSO, or PEG. Examples of crystallization preventive agents include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, cyclodextrins, alkylene oxide adduct of glycerin, and the like.

[0239] Defoamers and antifoaming agents in agricultural composition are used to reduce the foaming while spraying. These include various defoamers based on silicone defoamers, organo- modified siloxanes, kerosene defoamers, wax defoamers, oil-based deformers such as turkey red oil and fatty acid based defoamers.

[0240] Suitable examples of anti-foaming agents of agricultural composition include, but are not limited to, silicone based anti-foaming agents (e.g., aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane, FG-10 from Dow-Corning®, Trans 10A from Trans-Chemo Inc.), and non-silicone based anti-foaming agents such as octanol, nonanol, and silica. Examples of the antifoaming agent can include silicone emulsion, silicone oil, acetylene diol, and PO / EO block polymer.

[0241] Suitable examples of colorants or dyes and brighteners of agricultural composition include, but are not limited to, one or more azoic dye, azo dye, acridine, aniline dye, aniline black, indanthrene, eosin, congo red, dihydroindole, methylene blue, phenazine derivative dye, neutral red, phenolphthalein, fuchsin, fluorescein, para red, mauve, carotene; carotenoids such as xanthophylls, cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lycopene, lutein; flavonoids such as flavones, flavanones, ants crawl, anthocyans, catechin; quinones such as melanin; porphyrin dye such as chlorophyll, chlorophyllide, bacteriochlorophyll, cytochrome, pheophorbide, FeO- porphyrin, hemerythrin, hemoglobin, hemovanadin, hemocyanin, porphyrin, porphine, myoglobin; phycobilin-based pigments such as phycocyanin, phycobilin, phycoerythrin, phytochrome, biliverdin, bilirubin; alizarin, anthocyans, anthraquinone, indigo, urobilin, erythrocruorin, carthamin, hexane cretin Chin, curcumin, crocetin, chlorine, chlorocruorin, genistein, cochineal, Gosshiporu, commelinin, shikonin, Suterukopirin, tannin, Tsurashin, bixin, hypericin, Pin'nagurobin, brazilin, purpurin, betacyanin, berberine, Horubirin, mangosteenDocket No.: 4361PCT (mangostin), Morinjin, laminaran, leghemoglobin, litmus, rhodopsin, rhodoxanthin, Rodomachin, carbon black, and red iron oxide.

[0242] Suitable examples of the various classes of tackifiers of agricultural composition include, but are not limited to, aliphatic resins, polyteφene resins, hydrogenated resins, mixed aliphatic- aromatic resins, styrene / α-methylene styrene resins, pure monomer hydrocarbon resin, hydrogenated pure monomer hydrocarbon resin, modified styrene copolymers, pure aromatic monomer copolymers, and hydrogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon resins.

[0243] Suitable examples of suitable binders of agricultural composition includes, but are not limited to, gum arabic, glue, gelatin, casein, starch, cellulose esters, aliphatic polyester, polyalkanoate, aliphatic-aromatic polyesters, sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic polyester, polyesteramide, rosin / polycaprolactone triblock copolymer, rosin / polyadipate second diester triblock copolymer, roin / poly- butanedioic acid second diester triblock copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, EVA ester, polyethylene co-acrylic acid ethyl ester, polyethylene co-acrylic acid methyl esters, polyethylene-co-propylene, polyethylene-co-1-butylene, polyethylene-co-1-amylenes, polystyrene, acrylic compounds, polyurethane, urethane-styrene polymer dispersion, nonionic polyesters urethane dispersion, acrylic acid dispersion, silanization (silanated) anionic acrylic ester-styrene polymer dispersion, anionic acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile dispersion, acrylic ester-acrylonitrile dispersion, vinyl pyrrolidone / styrene copolymer latexes, the vinylacetate- ethylene dispersion of carboxylated and non-carboxylated, vinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion, polyvinyl chloride emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride dispersion, ethylene acrylic dispersion, polyamide dispersion, anionic carboxyl or non-carboxylated acrylonitrile nitrile-butadiene-styrene emulsion and acrylonitrile emulsion, by styrene derived resin dispersion, as aliphatic series and / or aromatic hydrocarbon derived from resin dispersion ,styrene maleic anhydride and their mixtures thereof.

[0244] According to an embodiment the binding agent which can be used in the agricultural composition can be selected from a group comprising polyvinyl alcohols, phenyl naphthalene sulphonates, lignin derivatives, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyalkylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, polyethoxylated fatty acids, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethylene oxide copolymer, propylene oxide copolymer, polyethylene glycols and polyethylene oxides.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0245] According to an embodiment, the preservative of agricultural composition includes, but is not limited to, an aqueous dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, propionic acid and salt thereof, salicylic acid and salt thereof; 4-hexadienoic acid (sorbic acid) and salt thereof, formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde, 2-xenol ether and salt thereof, 2-zinc sulfenyl pyridine N-oxides, benzoic acid, its ester and salt, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hydroxybenzoate), its ester and salt.

[0246] The pH adjuster used in this application is effective for providing an alkaline pH of above about 7 up to about 10 for the final spray solution that is applied to the plants.

[0247] The example of suitable stabilizers of agricultural composition includes but is not limited to, agar, alginic acid, alginate, calcium lactobionate, carrageenan, gellan gum and guar gum. Compositions of the present invention can also comprise two kinds or more of different stabilizing agents.

[0248] However, those skilled in the art will know that it is possible to utilize other agricultural ingredients known in the art without departing from the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0249] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition in the form of an adjuvant composition, a fertilizer composition, a nutrient composition, a plant strengthener composition, a seed coating composition, a soil conditioner composition, a livestock composition, a granular composition, a controlled release composition, a film coating composition, a pesticide composition selected from the group consisting of ovicide, rodenticide, insecticide, miticide, algicide, molluscicide, acaricide, avicide, fungicide and herbicide compositions, a germicide composition, an antibiotic composition, an antibacterial composition, an antiviral composition, an antifungal composition, an antiprotozoal composition, an anti-parasite composition, a wood preservation composition, an antimicrobial composition or a yield enhancer composition to soil for the plant.

[0250] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition in the form of an aqueous or a non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, an emulsion for seed treatment, a concentrated aqueous emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspoemulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a flowable concentrate forDocket No.: 4361PCT seed treatment, an oil dispersion, a suspension concentrate, a water dispersible granule or a wettable powder.

[0251] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating a vegetation comprising applying an agricultural composition to a plant, plant foliage, blossoms, leaves, stems, fruits, the area adjacent to the plant, soil, seeds, germinating seeds, roots, liquid and solid growth media, flower, bud, and hydroponic growth solutions.

[0252] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an animal comprising topically applying an agricultural composition to an area of skin of an animal.

[0253] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, in the pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically accepted excipient selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically accepted excipient is selected from the group consisting of binders, carriers, lubricants, flow agents, adsorbents, crystallization retarders, disintegrants, solubilizers, anti-adherents, surfactants, pH modifiers and coloring agents. diluents, sweeteners, anti-tacking agents or mixtures thereof.

[0254] In a non-limiting embodiment, pharmaceutical composition comprising binding agents add cohesiveness to products and provide necessary bonding to form cohesive mass of compact under compression. Binders are conventionally used in direct compression tablets to form compact mass or to mask taste.

[0043] In a non-limiting embodiment, binding agents suitable for use in the present disclosure is selected from the group consisting of polydextrose, dextrins, maltodextrins, indigestible dextrins, gum arabic, fructo oligosaccharides, oligofructose, natural gums, natural gum hydrolysates, gelatin, modified starch and cellulose derivatives.

[0255] Suitable solid carriers in pharmaceutical composition include calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, low melting waxes and ion exchange resins.

[0256] In a non-limiting embodiment, lubricants suitable for use in the present disclosure in pharmaceutical composition is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, metallic stearate ( e.g., calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, etc.), talc, colloidal silica, sucrose fatty acid ester,Docket No.: 4361PCT hydrogenated vegetable oil, wax, glyceryl fatty acid ester, glycerol dibehenate, rice extract, rice hull powder, gum arabic, sunflower oil and mixtures thereof.

[0257] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable adsorbent" as used herein refers to silicon dioxide, colloidal silicon dioxide (for example, Cab-o-sil®, available from Cabot Corp.), microcrystalline cellulose, starch, maltodextrin, talc, calcium carbonate, pectin, aluminum silicate, crospovidone (for example, Polyplasdone®XL or XL10, available from GAF Corp.) and the like.

[0258] Suitable liquid carriers for oral administration in pharmaceutical composition include water (particularly containing additives as above, e.g., cellulose derivatives, preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g., glycerine and non-toxic glycols) and their derivatives, and oils (e.g., fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil).

[0259] Suitable flow agent or the mixture of flow agents represents from 0.01 to 1% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 0.8% by weight and, in particular, from 0.1 to 0, 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Among the flow agents that can be used in the context of the present invention of pharmaceutical composition, includes colloidal silica, silica dioxide, magnesium or calcium silicate and talc.

[0260] In a non-limiting embodiment, crystallization retarders for use in the first portion of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can include povidone, copovidone, crospovidone, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.

[0261] In a non-limiting embodiment, disintegrator or disintegrant is a substance, or a mixture of substances added to a tablet to facilitate its breakup or disintegration after administration. In a non-limiting embodiment, the disintegrant suitable for the present disclosure is selected from the group consisting of sodium starch glycolate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, starch, alginic acid, and sodium alginate. The disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.3 to 5% by weight.

[0262] In a non-limiting embodiment, solubilizers are used in the method, they can act to decrease the apparent melting point of the API, thereby allowing a processing temperature at or below the melting point of the pure API. Suitable solubilizers can include glycerides, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, glycols, and derivatives thereof. Suitable solubilizers are selected from the groupDocket No.: 4361PCT consisting of liquid polyethylene glycol; propylene glycol: liquid fatty alcohols with at least 8 carbon atoms; liquid polyethoxylated fatty acids; liquid PEG glycerol fatty acid esters; liquid ethers of polyethylene glycol; sorbitan fatty aeid esters;polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; and alkyl alcohols. Most preferably, they are selected from the group consisting of polysorbate; glycerol; liquid polyethylene glycol; PEG (polyethylene glycol) esters (with glyceride fraction) sorbitan fatty acid esters and propylene glycol.

[0263] In a non-limiting embodiment, anti-adherents used in the enteric pharmaceutical coating selected from materials such as talc, stearate, stearic acid, hydrogenated castor oil or the mixture thereof. The colorants and opacifiers may be selected from iron oxides, titanium dioxide, or mixture thereof.

[0264] Non-limiting examples of surfactants in pharmaceutical composition include anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, or zwitterionic surfactant in pharmaceutical composition.

[0265] Examples of the nonionic surfactants can include, but are not limited to, C12-C18 fatty alcohol ethoxylates, C12-C14 fatty alcohol ethoxylates, C16-C18 fatty alcohol ethoxylates, C13- C15 oxo alcohol ethoxylates, C10-C18 alcohol ethoxylates, C13 oxo alcohol ethoxylates, C10 Guerbet alcohol ethoxylates, C10 Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates, C10 oxo alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., C8-C10 alkyl polyglucoside, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucoside, C12-C14 alkyl polyglucoside, blends of C12-C10 alkyl polyglucoside on inorganic and organic carrier, amine ethoxylates (e.g., oleyl amine ethoxylate (12 EO), coco amine ethoxylate (12 EO)), aminopolyol (e.g., triethanol amine ethoxylate (18 EO), ethylene diamine ethoxylate (4 EO)), alkyl pyrrolidones (e.g., N-octyl pyrrolidone, N-butyl pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl pyrrolidone), resin precursors and additives (e.g., Bisphenol A ethoxylates, BIS A ethoxylate (3 EO), BIS A ethoxylate (4 EO), BIS A ethoxylate (6 EO)), emulsifiers and solubilizers (e.g., 4-C10-13-sec-alkyl derivatives of benzenesulfonic acid calcium salts, castor oil ethoxylate (˜20 EO), castor oil ethoxylate (˜35 EO), castor oil ethoxylate (˜40 EO), epoxidized vegetable oil, ethoxylated rape seed oil, sorbitanester ethoxylated, decyl alcohol ethoxylate (˜3 EO), C8 fatty alcohol ethoxylate (4 EO), fatty alcohol ethoxylate, C8-C10 fatty alcohol ethoxylate (˜5 EO), C12-C14 fatty alcohol ethoxylate (˜50 EO), ethoxylated sorbitan trioleate, castor oil ethoxylate, phenol ethoxylate, alcohol ethoxylate, ethoxylated mono- / di glyceride), foam suppressors (e.g., polyalkoxyester and solvent, fattyDocket No.: 4361PCT alcohol alkoxylate, carboxylic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, combination of paraffin and silicon on carrier, alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether, Guerbet alcohol C16 ethoxylate (˜2 EO), fatty alcohol alkoxylate), low-foaming nonionic surfactants (e.g., fatty alcohol alkoxylate, modified fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, amine alkoxylate, end-capped Guerbet alcohol alkoxylate, end-capped fatty alcohol alkoxylate, PO / EO block copolymers), lauramine oxide, cocamidopropylamine oxide, alkylamido propyl betaine, polyglycol ether of an aliphatic diol, oleic acid amide ethoxylate (10 EO), emulsifiable methyl canolate, unsaturated fatty alcohol ethoxylate, fatty alcohol poly glycol ethers, fatty alcohol poly glycol ethers with fatty acid, unsaturated fatty alcohol ethoxylate), polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, methyl polyethylene glycols, alkyl polyalkylene glycol copolymers, alkyl polypropylene glycols, polyfunctional polyalkylene glycols, reactive polyalkylene glycols.

[0266] Other nonionic surfactants can include, but are not limited to, alkylphenol ethoxylates such as nonylphenol ethoxylates and octylphenol ethoxylates, secondary alcohol alkoxylates such as secondary alcohol ethoxylates (TERGITOL™15-S-9, commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company), and primary alcohol alkoxylates.

[0267] Examples of anionic surfactants can include, but are not limited to, sodium salt of lauryl ether sulfate ethoxylate (2 EO), sodium salt of iso-tridecyl alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (20 EO), sodium salt of fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (2 EO), sodium salt of fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (4 EO), sodium salt of fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (7 EO), sodium salt of fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (12 EO), sodium salt of fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (30 EO), sodium salt of fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (50 EO), sodium salt of C12-C14 fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (1 EO), sodium salt of C12-C14 fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (2 EO), sodium salt of C12-C14 fatty alcohol ether sulfate ethoxylate (3 EO), ammonium salt of C8-C14 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, sodium salt of C16-C18 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of C12 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of C12-C14 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of C12-C16 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of C12-C18 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of C16-C18 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of C8 fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of linear C10-C13 alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium salt of linear C10-C13 alkyl benzene sulfonic acid and potassium salt of oleic acid sulfonate.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0268] Other surfactants used in the present disclosure can include, but are not limited to ester quats, sodium salt of alkyl ether phosphate, sodium-N-lauryl-o-iminodipropionate, acid phosphoric ester of a fatty alcohol ethoxylate (3 EO), sodium salt of mono-alkenyl sulfosuccinamate, sodium salt of mono-alkenyl sulfosuccinate (5 EO), sodium salt of di-isodecyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate, acid phosphoric ester, amine salt of dodecylbenzenesulphonate, alkyl ester phosphate, and the like.

[0269] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an pharmaceutical compositions in the form of tablets contain diluting agents such as corn starch, microcrystalline or powdered cellulose, mannitol, isomaltose, lactose, magnesium carbonate, hydrogenated calcium phosphate dihydrate, dicalcium phosphate, dextrose, sucrose or mixtures thereof; disaggregating agents such as corn and / or potato starch, sodium carboxymethyl aminopectin, alginic acid and the salts and derivatives thereof, formaldehyde-gelatin, casein formaldehyde, gelatin, sodium croscarmellose, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose or powdered cellulose, low- substituted hydroxypropylcellulose and mixtures thereof; adsorbent agents such as microcrystalline or powdered cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, aluminium-magnesium silicate, amorphous silicas such as Sipernat® and mixtures thereof.

[0270] Suitable sweetener in pharmaceutical composition is selected from the group consisting of aspartame, acesulfame potassium, cyclamate, saccharin, saccharin sodium and sucralose or mixtures thereof.

[0271] In a non-limiting embodiment, anti-caking agents in pharmaceutical composition includes colloidal anhydrous silica, tribasic calcium phosphate, magnesium trisilicate, talc and mixtures thereof; lubricant agents such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, magnesium oxide, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, talc, glyceryl behenate and mixtures thereof.

[0272] Other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable additive is selected from a group consisting of plasticizers, glidants, fillers, wetting agents, coating agents, diluents, preservatives, antifoaming agent, antioxidants, buffering agents, acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, complexation- enhancing agent, cryoprotectant, electrolytes, gelling agents, emulsifying agents, stabilizers, tonicity modifiers, flavors, complexing agents, fragrances, and viscosity modifiers.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0273] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, pharmaceutical composition comprising pH adjuster is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%; from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.% or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.% or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0274] In another embodiment, the present application discloses that, pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically accepted excipient is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%; or from about 1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%; or from about 2.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; or from about 10 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; or from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; or from about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.%; or from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.%; or from about 30 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; or from about 35 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; or from about 40 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; or from about 45 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or from about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%; or from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%; or from about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%; or from about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; or from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%; or from about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.%; or from about 80 wt.% to about 85 wt.%; or from about 85 wt.% to about 90 wt.%; or from about 90 wt.% to about 95 wt.%; from about 95 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0275] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmacutical composition forms selected from the group consisting of solids, semi-solids, liquids, tablets, powders, granules, lozenges, capsules, patches, caplets, ointments, powders, lotions, gels, creams, suppositories, suspensions, liposomes, aerosols, syrups, elixirs, emulsions, sterile liquids, injections, suppositories, vials or a non-aqueous or aqueous liquid suspension.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0276] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides process for preparation of a pharmaceutical composition in finished dosage form for the treatment of a condition or disease comprises: one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient (API); and a pH adjuster of the present application; wherein the finished dosage form is injectable composition for biological composition.

[0277] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a pH adjuster is used in the process for preparing API or their salts, or as a bioprocessing buffer for use in the purification of biological molecules.

[0278] The pH adjuster used in this application is effective for providing a stable pH environment that is optimal for the functioning of enzymes, protein folding, and metabolism of microorganisms during synthesis, purification and isolation of biological molecules.

[0279] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a bioprocessing pH adjuster used to ensure an optimal environment during cell culture harvesting and purification for the purpose of impacting cell viability, growth rates, ease of processing, analysis and overall product quality.

[0280] The reactions and compositions according to the application may be analyzed by known techniques. Especially preferred are the techniques of1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), Infra-red (IR), Liquid Chromatography (LC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and titration to decipher identity, pH, pKa, residual monomer concentrations, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution.

[0281] Further, certain aspects of the present application are illustrated in detail by way of the following examples. The examples are given herein for illustration of the application and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

[0282] Test methods:

[0283] 1H NMR Analysis: The sample is dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) to obtain 2.0 – 2.5% NMR solution. Quantitative1H NMR data is recorded using a high resolution 400 or 500 MHz NMR spectrometer. Results are reported as relative mole ratios of major chemical components observed.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0284] 13C NMR Analysis: The sample is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) to obtain a 10% NMR solution.13C NMR data is recorded using high resolution 400 or 500 MHz NMR spectrometer under quantitative condition. Results are reported as relative mole ratios of major chemical components observed.

[0285] Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Analysis: The following method is used: ISO 118902:2020, Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and / or semi volatile organic compounds (SVOC) content - Part 2: Gas-chromatographic method. Results are reported as a weight% (wt%) of the total sample.

[0286] Organic Amine Titration: Neutralization curves and the total base content of the pH adjuster (in meq / g) are generated by titration of the pH adjuster with acid. Typically, an appropriate amount of pH adjuster (e.g.5 g) is dissolved in deionized water (e.g.100 mL). This pH adjuster solution is titrated potentiometrically with 0.5 N HCl using a combination pH probe to monitor the pH of the pH adjuster solution during the titration. pKavalues for the pH adjuster can be determined from the neutralization curve and the total base content is calculated from the amount of acid titrant used to reach the titration endpoint and the weight of pH adjuster titrated. EXAMPLES

[0287] EXAMPLE 1-11

[0288] Methods A through F were followed to synthesize pH adjuster Examples 1 – 11 of the current invention from the reaction of diethylenetriamine (DETA) with γ-butyrolactone (BLO). The products from these reactions included mixtures of mono-BLO amide of DETA (Product A), di-BLO amide of DETA (Product B) and unreacted DETA. The experimental details of the reactions performed for these samples are provided in Table 1. The mole ratios of reaction products were determined by1H or13C NMR analysis and results provided in Table 1. Additional characterization of the pH adjusters including Volatile Organic Content (VOC) analysis by ISO 11890-2, and total base (in meq / g) analysis by volumetric titration are provided in Table 2.Docket No.: 4361PCT O H2NNNH2 +HO

[0289] Method A

[0290] DETA is added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer. Stirring is increased to 450 RPM. The DETA is heated to an internal temperature of 40°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller. BLO is added to the reactor over 2 hours using the addition funnel. Once the addition of BLO is complete, the internal reaction temperature is increased to 80°C. The reaction is held for 30 minutes at 80°C. The reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature to provide the product.

[0291] Method B

[0292] DETA is added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer. Stirring is increased to 450 RPM. The DETA is heated to an internal temperature of 40°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller. BLO is added to the reactor over 1 hour using the addition funnel. The reaction exotherms to an internal temperature of 55°C during the addition. Once the addition of BLO is complete, the heating mantle is removed, and the reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature to provide the product.

[0293] Method C

[0294] The reaction is performed as described in Method A. At the end of the reaction, a vacuum distillation apparatus is added to the reactor. The reaction product is heated to 130°C at <3 mmHg vacuum to distill off the volatile components. When no additional distillates are collected, the reactor is cooled to ambient temperature and the product collected.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0295] Method D

[0296] DETA is added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer. Stirring is increased to 450 RPM. With the DETA temperature at 20°C, BLO is added to the reactor over 1 hour using the addition funnel. The reaction exotherms to a temperature of about 35°C during the addition. Once the addition of BLO is complete, a heating mantel and temperature controller is added, and the reaction is heated to 80°C. The reaction is held at 80°C for 30 minutes. The reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature to provide the product.

[0297] Method E

[0298] DETA is added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer. Stirring is increased to 450 RPM. The DETA is heated to an internal temperature of 40°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller. BLO is added to the reactor over 1 hour using the addition funnel. The reaction exotherms to an internal temperature of 55°C during the addition. Once the addition of BLO is complete, the internal reaction temperature is increased to 80°C. The reaction is held for 30 minutes at 80°C. The reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature to provide the product.

[0299] Method F

[0300] The reaction is performed as described in Method A. At the end of the reaction, the mixture is cooled to room temperature and 56 grams of the reaction mixture is dissolved into 56 grams of isopropanol. This solution is then added into 200 grams of acetone and is warmed to 55 °C. Once the solution becomes clear, the mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature under ambient conditions and cooled to 3-5 °C and held for 24 hours. The solid is filtered, washed with clean and cold acetone, and dried of residual solvent under reduced pressure to provide the product. Table 1. Experimental and product details for reactions of DETA with BLO Product A Product B Unreacted Example Synthesis DETA BLO (NMR mol (NM DETA (NMR Method (g) (g R mol Number ) ratio) ratio) mol ratio) Example 1 A 70.00 40.92 1.0 0.26 0.86Docket No.: 4361PCT Example 2 A 80.00 33.40 1.0 0.16 1.37 Example 3 A 60.00 50.10 1.0 0.46 0.48 Example 4 A 30.00 7.52 1.0 0.10 2.77 Example 5 B 80.00 46.76 1.0 0.28 0.80 Example 6 B 80.00 33.40 1.0 0.17 1.52 Example 7 C 30.00 12.53 1.0 0.21 0.07 Example 8 C 60.00 15.03 1.0 0.12 0.05 Example 9 D 30.00 25.05 1.0 0.50 0.32 Example 10 E 30.00 25.05 1.0 0.47 0.45 Example 11 F 100.00 166.89 0 1.0 0 Table 2. Characterization of products from reaction of DETA with BLO Example VOC by Total Base Number ISO 11890-2 (wt%) (meq / g) Example 1 27.4 14.1 Example 2 39.6 17.2 Example 3 18.5 9.12 Example 4 NT 20.5 Example 5 25.9 13.6 Example 6 41.8 17.1 Example 7 8.30 9.30 Example 8 6.17 10.4 Example 9 NT 9.63 Example 10 28.5 8.84 Example 11 0.19 3.63 NT = not tested

[0301] EXAMPLES 12 - 20

[0302] Methods G, H, and I were followed to synthesize pH adjuster Examples 12 – 20 of the current invention from the reaction of a mixture of DETA and ethylenediamine (EDA) with BLO. The products from these reactions included mixtures of mono-BLO amide of DETA (Product A), di-BLO amide of DETA (Product B), mono-BLO amide of EDA (Product C), di-BLO amide of EDA (Product D), unreacted DETA and unreacted EDA. The experimental details of the reactions performed for these samples are provided in Table 3. The mole ratio of reaction products was determined by13C NMR analysis and results provided in Table 4. Additional characterization of the pH adjusters including Volatile Organic Content (VOC) analysis by ISO 11890-2, and total base (in meq / g) analysis by volumetric titration are provided in Table 5.Docket No.: 4361PCT O NHH2N NHH2N2 N2+ OH2H N H O + NH N OH H2N2HONH2+HON EDA

[0303] Method G

[0304] DETA and EDA are added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer set to 450 RPM. The solution is heated to an internal temperature of 40°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller. BLO is added to the reactor over 2 hours using the addition funnel. Once the addition of BLO is complete, the internal reaction temperature is increased to 80°C. The reaction is held for 30 minutes at 80°C. The reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature to provide the product.

[0305] Method H

[0306] DETA and EDA are added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer set to 450 RPM. The solution is heated to an internal temperature of 40°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller. BLO is added to the reactor over 1 hour using the addition funnel. The reaction exotherms to an internal temperature of 55°C during the addition. Once the addition of BLO is complete, the heating mantle is removed, and the reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature to provide the product.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0307] Method I

[0308] The reaction was performed as described in Method G. At the end of the reaction, a vacuum distillation apparatus is added to the reactor. The reaction product is heated to 130°C at <3 mmHg vacuum to distilled off the volatile components. When no additional distillates are collected, the reactor is cooled to ambient temperature and the product collected. Table 3. Experimental details for reactions of DETA and EDA with BLO Example NumberMethod DETA (g) EDA (g) BLO (g)Example 12 G 20.96 5.24 25.00 Example 13 G 20.00 11.66 16.70 Example 14 G 25.00 6.25 14.91 Example 15 G 25.00 6.25 8.96 Example 16 G 20.00 11.66 23.38 Example 17 G 30.00 7.50 25.05 Example 18 H 40.00 23.32 33.40 Example 19 I 25.00 6.24 20.88 Example 20 I 20.00 11.66 23.38 Table 4. Product details from reactions of DETA and EDA with BLO Example Product A Product Product Product D Unreacted Unreacted Number (NMR mol B (NMR C (NMR (NMR mol DETA (NMR EDA (NMR ratio) mol ratio) mol ratio) ratio) mol ratio) mol ratio) Example 12 1.0 0.51 0.44 0.19 0.41 0.16 Example 13 1.0 0.19 0.93 0.15 1.35 1.15 Example 14 1.0 0.18 0.45 0.08 1.37 0.52 Example 15 1.0 0.10 0.38 0.05 2.52 0.79 Example 16 1.0 0.29 1.00 0.24 0.81 0.79 Example 17 1.0 0.28 0.43 0.1 0.80 0.28 Example 18 1.0 0.18 1.00 0.18 1.4 1.48 Example 19 1.0 0.31 0.45 0.13 0.16 ND Example 20 1.0 0.35 1.02 0.28 0.04 ND ND = not detected Table 5. Characterization of products from reactions of DETA and EDA with BLO Example VOC by Total Base Number ISO 11890-2 (wt%) (meq / g) Example 12 19.07 9.23 Example 13 32.66 15.38Docket No.: 4361PCT Example 14 34.58 15.86 Example 15 60.82 19.76 Example 16 26.39 10.56 Example 17 24.99 10.83 Example 18 41.06 14.32 Example 19 11.90 8.33 Example 20 9.09 6.69

[0309] EXAMPLE 21 - 24

[0310] Methods J and K were followed to synthesize pH adjuster Examples 21 – 24 of the current invention from the independent reaction of DETA or EDA with D-(+)-glucono-1,5-lactone (DGL). The products from these reactions included mixtures of mono-DGL amide of DETA (Product E), di-DGL amide of DETA (Product F), mono-DGL amide of EDA (Product G), di- DGL amide of EDA (Product H), unreacted DETA and unreacted EDA. The experimental details of the reactions performed for these samples are provided in Table 6. The mole ratio of reaction products was determined by13C NMR analysis and results provided in Table 7. Additional characterization of the pH adjusters through total base (in meq / g) analysis by volumetric titration are provided in Table 8. OH H O O 2NNH2 +Docket No.: 4361PCT OH O O +

[0311] Method J

[0312] Methanol and DETA are added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, and overhead mechanical stirrer set to 450 RPM. DGL is slowly added into the reaction mixture at a rate to control any exotherm that is observed. When the addition of DGL is complete, the reaction temperature is increased to 60°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller. The reaction temperature should not exceed 60°C during the DGL reaction. The reaction is held for 3 hours at 60°C. The reaction is allowed to cool down to room temperature. The full contents of the reactor are transferred to a one neck round bottom flask and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation. After removal of methanol is completed, the product is collected.

[0313] Method K

[0314] DETA is added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer set to 450 RPM. DGL is slowly added into methanol and the mixture stirred until all solids dissolved. This solution is added into the reactor at a rate to control any exotherm that is observed so as it remains below 60°C. The reaction is held at 60°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller for 3 hours. The reaction is cooled down the reactor to room temperature. The full contents of the reactor are transferred to a one neck round bottom flask and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation. After removal of methanol is completed, the product is collected. Table 6. Experimental details for reactions of DETA and EDA with DGLDocket No.: 4361PCT Example Synthesis DETA DGL Methan ber Method(g)EDAol Num(g)(g) (g) Example 21 J 25.00 NA 12.96 191.80 Example 22 J 25.00 NA 30.24 191.80 Example 23 J NA 20.00 17.78 263.23 Example 24 K 25.00 NA 21.60 191.80 NA = not applicable Table 7. Product details from reactions of DETA and EDA with DGL Product Product Unreacted Unreacted Example Product E (NMR mol F (NMR Product G (NMR H (NMR DETA EDA Number ratio) mol mol (NMR mol (NMR mol ratio) mol ratio) ratio) ratio) ratio) Example 21 1.0 0.11 NA NA 2.59 NA Example 22 1.0 0.28 NA NA0.92 NAExample 23 NA NA 1.0 0.16NA 1.76Example 24 1.0 0.20 NA NA 1.45 NA NA = not applicable Table 8. Characterization of products from reactions of DETA and EDA with DGL Example Total Base Number (meq / g) Example 21 16.63 Example 22 9.28 Example 23 10.36 Example 24 9.38

[0315] EXAMPLES 25 - 33: Reaction of dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) with BLO ODocket No.: 4361PCT

[0316] Methods A and I were followed to synthesize pH adjuster Examples 25 – 33 of the current invention from the independent reaction of dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) with BLO. The products from these reactions included mixtures of mono-BLO amide of DMAPA (Product I), the di-BLO amide ester of DMAPA (Product J), and unreacted DMAPA. The experimental details of the reactions performed for these samples are provided in Table 9. The mole ratio of reaction products was determined by1H NMR analysis and the results are provided in Table 9. Additional characterization of the pH adjusters including Volatile Organic Content (VOC) analysis by ISO 11890-2, and total base (in meq / g) analysis by volumetric titration are provided in Table 10. Table 9. Experimental and product details for reactions between DMAPA and BLO Unreacted Unreacted Example Synthesis DMAPA BLO Product I Product J (NMR (NMR mol BLO DMAPA Number Method (g) (g) mol ratio) ratio) (NMR (NMR mol ratio) mol ratio) Example 25 A 100.00 84.30 1.0 0.033 0.042 ND Example 26 A 100.00 82.56 1.0 0.007 0.008 ND Example 27 A 100.00 80.04 1.0 ND ND 0.018 Example 28 A 300.00 227.0 1.0 0.007 0.011 0.11 Example 29 A 100.00 67.54 1.0 ND ND 0.23 Example 30 A 100.00 58.98 1.0 ND ND 0.44 Example 31 A 100.00 50.55 1.0 ND ND 0.58 Example 32 A 100.00 42.13 1.0 0.002 ND 0.86 Example 33 I 300.0 240.2 1.0 0.007 0.01 ND Table 10. Characterization of products between DMAPA and BLO Example VOC by Total Base Number ISO 11890-2 (wt%) (meq / g) Example 25 2.70 NT Example 26 3.30 NT Example 27 2.14 5.50 Example 28 7.69 NT Example 29 12.1 NT Example 30 20.7 NT Example 31 28.2 NT Example 32 36.9 NT Example 33 0.56 NT NT = not testedDocket No.: 4361PCT

[0317] EXAMPLE 34: Reaction of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with DGL in EtOH OH OH O H H HO N N OH N N H HNH2H H O O OH OH OH

[0318] Methods L was followed to synthesize pH adjuster Example 34 of the current invention from the independent reaction of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with DGL. The products from these reactions included mixtures of mono-BLO amide of TEPA (Product K), the di-BLO amide of TEPA (Product L), and unreacted TEPA. Characterization of the pH adjuster Example 34 including total base (in meq / g) analysis by volumetric titration is provided in Table 11.

[0319] Method L

[0320] DGL and ethanol are added under a nitrogen purge into a dry 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and overhead mechanical stirrer set to 450 RPM and warmed to 40°C. Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is added to the reactor at a rate to control any exotherm that is observed so as it remains below 70°C. The reaction is held at 70°C with a heating mantel and temperature controller for 3 hours. The reaction is cooled down the reactor to room temperature. The full contents of the reactor are transferred to a one neck round bottom flask and the ethanol removed by rotary evaporation. After removal of ethanol is completed, the product (Example 34) is collected. Table 11. Characterization of reaction products between TEPA and DGL Example Total Base Number (meq / g) Example 34 11.66Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0321] EXAMPLE 35: Reaction of DETA with DL-lactide O H N NNH2H O ON H2N NH2+++ H N H2N NH2

[0322] Method M was followed to synthesize pH adjuster Example 35 of the current invention from the independent reaction of DETA with DL-lactide. The products from these reactions included mixtures of mono-Lactide amide of DETA (Product M), the di-Lactide amide of DETA (Product N), and unreacted DETA. The experimental details of the reactions performed for these samples are provided in Table 12. The mole ratio of the reaction products was determined by1H and13C NMR analysis and the results are provided in Table 12. Additional characterization of the pH adjusters using Volatile Organic Content (VOC) analysis by ISO 11890-2 is provided in Table 13.

[0323] Method M

[0324] DETA is charged into a 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, magnetic stir bar, and heating mantle. The reactor is warmed to 40°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. DL-lactide is slowly charged into the reactor in 2-gram increments over 30 minutes. Once the addition of DL-lactide is complete, the reactor is warmed to 80°C and held for 30 minutes. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature in ambient conditions and the product is collected as Example 35. Table 12. Experimental and product details for reactions between DETA and DL-LactideDocket No.: 4361PCT Product Product Unreacted Example Synthesis DETA Lactide M (NMR N (NMR Amine Number Method (g) (g) mol mol (NMR mol ratio) ratio) ratio) Example 35 M 20.00 8.38 1.0 0.29 1.37 Table 13. Characterization of products between DETA and DL-Lactide Examples VOC byISO 11890-2 (wt%)

[0326] Method M was followed to synthesize pH adjuster Example 36 of the current invention from the independent reaction of DMAPA with DL-lactide. The products from these reactions included mixtures of Lactide amide of DMAPA (Product O), and unreacted DMAPA. The experimental details of the reactions performed for these samples are provided in Table 14. The mole ratio of the reaction products was determined by13C NMR analysis, and the results are provided in Table 12. Additional characterization of the pH adjusters using Volatile Organic Content (VOC) analysis by ISO 11890-2 is provided in Table 15. Table 14. Experimental and product details for reactions between DMAPA and DL-Lactide Product O Example Synthesis DMAPA Lactide ethod (g) (g) (NMR m Unreacted Amine Number M ol (NMR mol ratio) ratio) Example 36 M 20.00 14.12 1 NT NT = not tested Table 15. Characterization of product between DMAPA and DL-Lactide Example VOC by Number ISO 11890-2 (wt%) Example 36 2.3Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0327] EXAMPLE 37 - 39: Reaction of EDA with BLO OOH2NOH O H NH2+NOH NH2+ N HONO EDA+H2NNH2EDA

[0328] Method A or N was followed to synthesize pH adjuster Examples 37 - 39 of the current invention from the independent reaction of EDA with DETA. The products from these reactions included mixtures of mono-BLO amide of EDA (Product C), di-BLO amide of EDA (Product D), and unreacted EDA. The experimental details of the reactions performed for these samples are provided in Table 16. The mole ratio of the reaction products was determined by1H and13C NMR analysis and the results are provided in Table 16. Additional characterization of the pH adjusters including Volatile Organic Content (VOC) analysis by ISO 11890-2, and total base (in meq / g) analysis by volumetric titration are provided in Table 17.

[0329] Method N

[0330] The reaction was performed following Method A, using EDA in place of DETA. Excess residual EDA was removed from the reaction mixture under vacuum (<3 mmHg) by short-path distillation at 80°C for 1 hour. After 1 hour, nitrogen gas was sparged through the reaction mixture for 3 hours before cooling to room temperature and collecting the product. Table 16. Experimental and product details for reactions between EDA and BLO Example Synthesis EDA BLO Product Product C (NMR D (NMR Unreacted Amine Number Method g (g) mol ratio) mol ratio) (NMR mol ratio) Example 37 N 60.10 86.09 1.0 0.50 0.18 Example 38 A 100.07 43.03 1.0 0.07 2.69 Example 39 N 300.09 128.88 1.0 0.08 0.11Docket No.: 4361PCT Table 17. Characterization of products between EDA and BLO Example VOC by Total Base Number ISO 11890-2 (wt%) (meq / g) Example 37 NT 3.92 Example 38 NT NT Example 39 3.391NT 1 tested as a 90 wt% solution in water

[0331] While the compositions and methods of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s) have been described in terms of particular aspects, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and / or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s). All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s).

[0332] Efficiency of pH adjuster in architectural coatings formulations

[0333] pH adjuster examples were tested in the generic styrene acrylic paint formulation given in Table 18. Table 18: Styrene acrylic paint formulation Raw Material Wt. % Water 30.41 Aqueous dipropylene glycol 0.21 solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one Example pH adjuster See Table 19 Polycarboxylate, sodium salt dispersant 1.24 Phosphate ester surfactant (Strodex™ TH-4427) 0.21 Drewplus™ L-475 0.21 Phosphate ester surfactant (Strodex™ PK-90) 0.10 Calcined Aluminum Silicate 20.77 Rutile titanium dioxide pigment 16.62 Styrene-acrylic resin latex 29.08 Styrene-acrylic coalescing agent 0.87 Drewplus™ L-475 0.21

[0334] The efficiency of pH adjuster examples was determined by recording the total dosage that is added to the formulation to reach a pH of 9.5 at the end of grind and letdown stage. The pH adjuster examples were tested either as is, or as a solution in water. Total dose of the pH adjusterDocket No.: 4361PCT is reported in wt% relative to the total paint formulation. Lower dose indicates higher efficiency of the pH adjuster; and higher dose indicates lower efficiency of pH adjuster. The paint efficiency data for examples dosed at the indicated concentration in water is provided in Table 19. Table 19: pH efficiency of pH adjusters in styrene acrylic paint formulation ExamplesSample conc. in waterDose required to adjust (wt%)paint to pH 9.5 (wt%) Example 1 100 0.39 Example 2 100 0.26 Example 3 100 0.56 Example 4 100 0.21 Example 7 90 0.94 Example 8 100 0.64 Example 9 100 0.72 Example 10 100 0.47 Example 11 90 0.86 Example 13 100 0.29 Example 14 100 0.28 Example 15 100 0.23 Example 16 100 0.41 Example 17 100 0.49 Example 19 95 0.75 Example 20 95 0.81 Example 21 100 0.26 Example 23 100 0.52 Example 24 90 0.39 Example 261000.65Example 271000.61Example 291000.45Example 301000.41Example 311000.34Example 32 1000.33Example 33 1000.49Example 35 1000.24Example 361000.65Example 371002.51

[0335] The paint was formulated further with high-shear and low-shear rheology modifiers to target KU and ICI viscosities.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0336] pH adjuster examples were tested in a model paint based on the pure acrylic emulsion formulation given in Table 20. Table 20: Model acrylic emulsion paint formulation Raw Material Wt. % Grind Water 16.68 Indofil 731 1.00 Spectra A 1000 1.00 Advantage AM 1512A 0.20 TiO2 R 902+ 21.00 Dolomite 10 microns 2.00 Steatite 10 microns 6.50 Calcined Clay 6.00 Letdown Water 1.70 Propylene glycol 1.00 Texanol 1.50 Primal AC 261S 36.00 Aquaflow NHS 300E 1.50 Aqualflow NLS 200 0.80 Water 2.72 Advantage AM 1512A 0.20 pH adjuster 0.20

[0337] The pH adjuster was added after the letdown at a dose of 0.20 wt% relative to the total paint formulation. The pH of the paint, KU viscosity, L*a*b* values, whiteness index, contrast ratio, and sheen at 60° and 85° were measured and recorded for pH adjuster Example 1 and Example 2 and the results provided in Table 21. Table 21: Performance attributes of pH adjusters in acrylic emulsion paint formulation Example 1 Example 2 pH of paint after adding pH adjuster 9.41 9.48 KU 95.1 94.9 L*, a*, b* 96.49 / -0.86 / 1.13 96.21 / -0.86 / 1.16 Whiteness Index (WI) 87.70 86.6 Contrast ratio (CR) 97.56 97.64 Sheen at 60° and 85° 7.3 / 23.5 7.3 / 24.2Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0338] pH adjuster performance as a buffer under pharmaceutical bioprocessing conditions

[0339] Buffer solution Preparation: Buffer solutions used in these studies were prepared by neutralizing a 70% solution of the pH adjuster to pH 7 using 1M HCl and then further diluting the sample to 10 wt% using deionized water.

[0340] Total Base Neutralization and pKaMeasurements: Performed using the “Organic Amine Titration” Test Method described above.

[0341] Metal Ion Interaction with Buffers: pH adjusters at 50g / L concentration were titrated in the presence of equimolar metal chloride (MgCl2, CaCl2, CuCl2, and FeCl3) using the “Organic Amine Titration” Test Method and the change in pKa(ΔpKa) determined relative to titrations performed without the presence of a metal chloride.

[0342] UV Absorbance of Buffers: UV-vis measurements and enzyme assays were performed using an Agilent Biotek Synergy H1 microplate reader. Bradford and BCA assays were performed using the manufacturer’s microplate protocol (ThermoFisher). Bioassay interference was evaluated by comparing standard curves of bovine serum albumin (31-1000 µg / mL) in each buffer.

[0343] Amylase Activity Assay: The assay was performed (in triplicate) using a modified protocol with a commercial kit (Abcam) at 25 °C. Activity of amylase standard curves (500-0.3 µg / mL) with 50 µL amylase solution and 100 µL Master Reaction Mix in each buffer was determined from the change in A405over the first 10 minutes. Solutions were formulated at 50 mM of pH adjuster and adjusted to pH 7.4 prior to exposure to amylase. Figure 1 provides the summary of amylase activity at various concentrations in the presence of Tris, pH adjuster Example 11 and Example 33.

[0344] Lysozyme Thermal Stabilization: Thermal stability of 100 mg / mL concentrations of the enzyme lysozyme (MP Biomedicals) in the presence of 50 mM buffers adjusted to pH 7.4 was evaluated by measuring the protein unfolding or melting temperature by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Test samples were sealed in a 10 µL aluminum pan and subjected to a 10 °C / min ramp from 25 to 90 °C. An increase in the melting temperature (Tm) of lysozyme is indicative of improved stabilization of the enzyme under thermal stress.Docket No.: 4361PCT

[0345] Table 22 provides a summary of the buffer attributes determined by the methods described above for pH adjuster Example 11 and Example 33, as well as comparative example tromethamine, also known as Tris (J.T. Baker). Table 22. Buffer attributes of pH adjusters temperature absorbance bioassay metal ion Lysozyme interactions(T , °C) equimolar meta to 50 °C) ( m l 4 AU) BCA) chloride) CuCl2= 2.87 Tris 8.06 0.67 0.059 low 75.1 Fe (III) = 0.16 Mg (II) = 0.06 Ca (II) = 0.03 Cu (II) = 3.80 Example 11 8.11 0.59 0.069 low 75.9 Fe (III) = 0.21 Mg (II) = 0.04 Ca (II) = 0.11 Cu (II) = 5.37 Example 33 9.43 0.33 0.075 low 72.6 Fe (III) = 0.48 Mg (II) = 0.91 Ca (II) = 0.06

[0346] pH adjuster performance in metal working fluid formulations

[0347] Metal working fluid preparation for pH efficiency: pH adjuster examples were added to the model semi-synthetic metal working fluid concentrates (Table 23) to reach a pH of 10 (Table 24).

[0348] Table 23: Model semi-synthetic metal working fluid formulation used for pH adjusting efficiency Raw Material Wt%Docket No.: 4361PCT triethanolamine (TEA) 4.0 pH adjuster See Table 24 deionized water Q.S. to 100 Table 24: pH efficiency in model semi-synthetic metal working fluid formulation. S Dose required to adjust Examplesample conc. in water(wt%)formulation to pH 10 (wt%) Example 27 100 1.84 Example 30 100 1.63

[0349] Compatibility testing: Solution compatibility was performed by visual inspection of the metal working fluid formulation after the addition of the pH adjuster. Samples were assessed for clarity of the emulsion.

[0350] Preparation of metal working fluid concentrates for iron corrosion and aluminum staining: pH adjuster examples were tested in the model semi-synthetic metal working fluid concentrates given in Table 25.

[0351] Iron corrosion: The following method is used: ASTM D4627 – Standard Test Method for Iron Chip Corrosion for Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids. Metal working fluid concentrates were diluted to various concentrations (5%, 4%, 3%, 2%) with synthetic hardwater containing 100 ppm CaCl2. Iron chips (3 grams) were placed into a petri dish lined with filter paper and covered with the diluted solutions and left to sit for 2 hours in a temperature and humidity- controlled room (75°F and 50% humidity). The metal working fluid was decanted and the samples left in the temperature and humidity-controlled room for 24 hours. The iron chips were discarded, and the filter papers were visually inspected for rust with no visual rust indicating a positive result for a given concentration. Triethanolamine was used as the control pH adjuster. Results are outlined in Table 26.

[0352] Aluminum staining: Aluminum coupons (Alloy 7075) were submersed into a dilution (5%) of metal working fluid concentrate (Table 25) in distilled water. These samples were placed into an oven set to 50°C for 24 hours. The coupons were removed and visually inspected forDocket No.: 4361PCT discoloration. Positive results are indicated when no discoloration was present. Triethanolamine was used as the control pH adjuster. Results outlined in Table 26. Table 25: Model semi-synthetic metal working fluid concentrate used for iron corrosion and aluminum staining Raw Material Wt% toTable 26: Iron corrosion and aluminum staining results for pH adjusters Examples Compatibility Iron Corrosion Al-Staining Triethanolamine (Control) Clear Solution ≥4% No Staining Example 30 Clear Solution ≥4% No Staining Example 27 Opaque, high viscosity ≥4% No Staining

[0353] While the compositions and methods of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s) have been described in terms of particular aspects, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and / or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s). All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s).

Claims

Docket No.: 4361PCT We claim:

1. A pH adjuster comprising a reaction product of (a) at least one polyamine; and (b) at least one lactone or lactide.

2. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product can be obtained from the partial reaction of at least one polyamine with at least one lactone or lactide; and comprises a mono-substituted product having at least one primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group and a hydroxy group.

3. The pH adjuster according to claim 2, wherein the mono-substituted product is represented by Formula I (a) or Formula I (b); O Owherein n is an independently selected integer from 1 to 20; L is a linking group independently selected from the group consisting of functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein for Formula I (b), any of the beforementioned groups are having at least one amino group; R1, R2, and R3 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups; and R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.Docket No.: 4361PCT 4. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product further comprises a di-substituted product as represented by Formula (II); and an unreacted polyamine; O O whereinn is an independently selected integer from 1 to 20; L is a linking group independently selected from the group consisting of functionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the beforementioned groups are having at least one amino group; R1 and R3 group are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups; and R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

5. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the polyamine is a hydrocarbyl amine consisting of carbon atoms having linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional or multifunctional primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and combinations thereof.

6. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the polyamine comprises at least one primary or secondary amino group or their combination thereof.

7. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of:Docket No.: 4361PCT H H NH N NH N HN N2H2N 2H2N NH22HHN H H N N H N 2N N NH2(AEP)H2NONHN O O2H2N H2N NxyzN,N-O H H N N N H2N OH Nand 8. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the lactone is represented by Formula (III): O Owherein n is an independently selected integer from 1 to 19;Docket No.: 4361PCT R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

9. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the lactide is represented by Formula (IV): O R5wherein R4and R5are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy groups or carbon atoms having functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups.

10. The pH adjuster according to claim 8, wherein the lactone is selected from the group consisting of at least one acetolactone, propiolactone, butyrolactone, caprolactone, valerolactone hexalactone, heptalactone, octalactone, nonalactone, decalactone, and gluconolactone.

11. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein reaction product is used in the process for preparing active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), stabilization of proteins or protein formulations, purification of proteins or protein formulations, electrophoresis, enzymatic reactions, skin care active compounds, hair care active compounds, oral care active compounds, home care active compounds, biocide active compounds, preservative compounds, nutraceutical active compounds, food active compounds, agricultural active compounds, coating compounds, oilfield compounds, cosmetic active compounds, industrial and institutional compounds, textile compounds, laundry compounds, cleaning compounds or disinfection active compounds.

12. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein reaction product is used in end-user compositions selected from the group consisting of skin care composition, hair care composition,Docket No.: 4361PCT oral care composition, home care composition, energy composition, construction composition, pharmaceutical composition, stabilization of proteins or protein formulations, purification of proteins or protein formulations, electrophoresis, enzymatic reactions, biocide composition, preservative composition, nutraceutical composition, food composition, agricultural composition, coating composition, oilfield composition, metal working composition, metal cutting composition, metal forming composition, cosmetic composition, industrial and institutional composition, textile composition, laundry composition, cleaning composition or disinfection composition.

13. A process for preparing a reaction product of claim 1 comprises reacting at least one polyamine and at least one lactone or lactide to form a mono-substituted product at a reaction temperature of from about 20-100℃ and the reaction time is from about 0.5 to 3 hours.

14. A process according to claim 13, wherein the resulting mono-substituted product is further purified and isolated by a chromatography, distillation or recrystallization method.

15. The process for preparing a reaction product according to claim 13, wherein the reaction product further comprises a di-substituted product and an unreacted polyamine.

16. A process according to claim 15, wherein the resulting di-substituted product is further purified and isolated by a chromatography, distillation or recrystallization method.

17. A coating composition comprising a pH adjuster of claim 1.

18. The coating composition according to claim 17, wherein the pH adjuster is in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition.

19. The coating composition according to claim 17, wherein the coating composition further comprises at least one additive in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

20. The coating composition according to claim 19, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of film forming polymer, coalescent agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, rheology modifiers, cosolvents, dispersing agents, defoamers, wet-edge additives, wetting agents, humectants, wax, colorants, thickeners, anticaking agents, antifoaming agents, UV absorbers, antifreeze agents, gel inhibitors, preservatives, hydrophobic agents, adhesion promoters, biocides, anti-oxidants, pigment, and plasticizers.Docket No.: 4361PCT 21. The coating composition according to claim 17, wherein the coating composition is an aqueous or a non-aqueous composition used for lacquer coating, primer coating, ink jet printing, top coating, varnish coating, architectural coating, wood coating, printing inks, or metallic or non-metallic coatings.

22. The coating composition according to claim 17, wherein the composition is coated on a substrate selected from the group consisting of porous and non-porous substrates, papers, non- woven materials, textiles, leather, wood, concrete, masonry, metals, non-metals, house wrap, building materials, fiberglass, polymeric articles, face masks, medical drapes and gowns, carpets, upholstery, tents, awnings, air bags, fabrics, ceramics, yarns, and blends, woven, knitted, natural, synthetic, and regenerated substrates.

23. A pigment dispersion comprising: (a) at least one pigment component; (b) pH adjuster of claim 1 as a co-dispersant; and (c) at least one pigment dispersing additives.

24. The pigment dispersion according to claim 23, wherein the pigment component is selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanines, iron oxides, titanium dioxides, zinc oxide, indigo, lead chromate, hydrated aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, calcium silicate, clay, silica, talc, calcium carbonate, carbon black, monoazo, diazo, and benzimidazolone, magnesium silicate clays, barytes, blanc fixe, clay and mixtures thereof.

25. The pigment dispersion according to claim 23, wherein pigment dispersing additives comprises diluents, anti-settling additives, pigment wetting additives, gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foaming additives, surface tension modifiers, mildewcides, rheology modifiers, waxes, metal passivators, inorganic or organic acids or bases, and UV light absorbers.

26. A metal working fluid composition comprising a pH adjuster of claim 1.

27. The metal working fluid composition according to claim 26, wherein the pH adjuster is in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition.Docket No.: 4361PCT 28. The metal working fluid composition according to claim 26, wherein the metal working fluid composition further comprises at least one metal working fluid additive in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

29. The metal working fluid composition according to claim 28, wherein the metal working fluid additive is selected from the group consisting of lubricants, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, detergents, hydrotropes, diluents, cosolvents, biocides, and defoamers.

30. A personal care composition comprising a pH adjuster of claim 1.

31. The personal care composition according to claim 30, wherein the pH adjuster is in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition.

32. The personal care composition according to claim 30, wherein the personal care composition further comprises at least one personal care functional system active ingredient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

33. The personal care composition according to claim 32, wherein the personal care functional system active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of color agents, hair care agents, skin care agents, and sun care agents.

34. The personal care composition according to claim 30, wherein the personal care composition includes body wash composition, skin lotion composition, sunscreen composition, anti-wrinkle composition, moisturizer composition, facial cleaning composition, lipstick composition, lip-gloss composition, mascara composition, foundation composition, anti-perspirant composition, shaving composition, hair conditioner composition, anti-perspirant composition, deodorant composition, hair rinse composition, hair shampoo composition, hair styling composition, make-up remover composition, and oral care composition.

35. The personal care composition according to claim 30, wherein the personal care composition is a formulation of an aqueous or a non-aqueous composition in the form of sprays, lotions, mousses, fluids, serums, solutions, suspensions, perms, emulsions, gels, mists, vesicles, dispersions, pastes, creams, solid sticks, shampoos, balms, wipes, milks, foams, jellies, and liquids.Docket No.: 4361PCT 36. An agricultural composition comprising a pH adjuster of claim 1.

37. The agricultural composition according to claim 36, wherein the pH adjuster is in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition.

38. The agricultural composition according to claim 36, wherein the agricultural composition further comprises one or more agriculturally active ingredient and one or more additional ingredient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

39. The agricultural composition according to claim 38, wherein the agriculturally active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of fertilizers and pesticides selected from the group consisting of rodenticides, miticides, algicides, molluscicides, acaricides, avicides, insecticides, herbicides, ovicides, fungicides, germicides, antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, antiparasites and antimicrobials.

40. The agricultural composition according to claim 38, wherein the additional ingredient is an adjuvant or an inert ingredient.

41. The agricultural composition according to claim 40, wherein the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of acidifying agents, buffering agents, anti-foam agents, defoaming agents, antitranspirants, dyes and brighteners, compatibility agents, crop oil concentrates, oil surfactants, deposition agents, drift reduction agents, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safeners, spreaders, extenders, adhesive agents, suspension agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, penetrants, tank and equipment cleaners, adjusters, water absorbents, water softeners and mixtures thereof.

42. The agricultural composition according to claim 40, wherein the additional ingredient is selected from the group consisting of solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, tackifiers, binders, preservatives, pH adjuster, clarifiers, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

43. The agricultural composition according to claim 36, wherein the agricultural composition is an adjuvant composition, a fertilizer composition, a nutrient composition, a plantDocket No.: 4361PCT strengthener composition, a seed coating composition, a soil conditioner composition, a livestock composition, a granular composition, a controlled release composition, a film coating composition, a pesticide composition selected from the group consisting of ovicide, rodenticide, insecticide, miticide, algicide, molluscicide, acaricide, avicide, fungicide and herbicide compositions, a germicide composition, an antibiotic composition, an antibacterial composition, an antiviral composition, an antifungal composition, an antiprotozoal composition, an anti-parasite composition, a wood preservation composition, an antimicrobial composition or a yield enhancer composition to soil for the plant.

44. The agricultural composition according to claim 36, wherein the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or a non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, an emulsion for seed treatment, a concentrated aqueous emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspoemulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a flowable concentrate for seed treatment, an oil dispersion, a suspension concentrate, a water dispersible granule or a wettable powder.

45. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pH adjuster of claim 1.

46. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 45, wherein the pH adjuster is in the range of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95.0 wt.% of the composition.

47. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 45, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one pharmaceutically accepted excipient in the range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 99.9 wt.%.

48. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 47, wherein the pharmaceutically accepted excipient is selected from the group consisting of binders, carriers, lubricants, flow agents, adsorbents, crystallization retarders, disintegrants, solubilizers, anti- adherents, surfactants, pH modifiers and coloring agents. diluents, sweeteners, anti-tacking agents or colorants or mixtures thereof.

49. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 45, wherein pharmaceutical composition forms selected from the group consisting of solids, semi-solids, liquids, tablets, powders, granules, lozenges, capsules, patches, caplets, ointments, powders, lotions, gels, creams,Docket No.: 4361PCT suppositories, suspensions, liposomes, aerosols, syrups, elixirs, emulsions, sterile liquids, injections, suppositories, vials or a non-aqueous or aqueous liquid suspension.

50. A process for preparation of a composition in finished dosage form for the treatment of a condition or disease comprises: one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient (API); and a pH adjuster of claim 1.

51. A process according to claim 50, wherein the finished dosage form is injectable composition for biological composition.

52. The pH adjuster according to claim 1, wherein reaction product is used in the process for preparing API or their salts, or as a processing buffer for use in the purification of biological molecules.

53. The pH adjuster according to claim 52, wherein the reaction product is used as a processing buffer in the applications selected from the group of cell and tissue culture, immune- precipitation, purification of biological molecules including monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, fractionation of hemoglobin, electrophoresis, enzymatic reactions, and in the process for stabilization or purification or crystallization or lyophilization or extraction of proteins or protein formulations.

54. The pH adjuster according to claim 53, wherein the proteins are selected from the group consisting of an enzyme, a cytokine, a neurotropic factor, an antibody, a peptide, a hormone, a DNA-binding protein, an aptamer, erythropoietin (EPO), human insulin, interferon-α (Intron A), human growth hormone, interferon-R, vaccine, glucocerobrosidase, agalsidase, imiglucerase, and tissue plasminogen activator.

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