Flash therapy system, cherenkov detector, and beam current measurement apparatus and method

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a FLASH therapy system, a Cherenkov detector, and a beam current measurement apparatus and method. The Cherenkov detector comprises: a Cherenkov radiator, the Cherenkov radiator being used for generating, under beam current irradiation, Cherenkov radiation light propagating in the Cherenkov radiator, the direction of the beam flow intersecting with a receiving surface of the Cherenkov radiator, and the Cherenkov radiation light serving as an optical signal for measurement; an optical signal collection array, used for collecting the Cherenkov radiation light and outputting an analog signal, the analog signal being used for indicating light intensities, light spot positions and trigger time of the Cherenkov radiation light at different positions on the optical signal collection array; and a light shield, the light shield being used for forming a light shielded space on the optical path of the Cherenkov radiation light between the optical signal collection array and the Cherenkov radiator. By means of the provision of the Cherenkov radiator and the optical signal collection array, the present application keeps the detector to be relatively stable during beam current measurement and to be not prone to damage, thereby prolonging the service life of detectors.

Description

FLASH treatment system, Cherenkov detector, beam flow measurement device and method thereof

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202311226317.2 filed on September 22, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the technical fields of beam flow measurement of medical equipment and artificial intelligence, and in particular to a FLASH treatment system, a Cherenkov detector, a beam flow measurement device and method thereof, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0003] Particle therapy is a modern cancer treatment method that uses high-energy particles released by an accelerator to precisely target tumor cells, releasing their energy precisely within them and killing them. Particle radiotherapy can precisely control the dose and range of radiation, minimizing damage to healthy tissue while enhancing treatment effectiveness.

[0004] After years of development, equipment performance has greatly improved, and clinical treatment research has been greatly enriched. FLASH radiation therapy has emerged as a treatment approach, demonstrating promising results. FLASH therapy delivers a dose rate that is tens to dozens of times higher than that of current common medical devices, delivering a large dose to the lesion in a short period of time.

[0005] In current beam flow measurement devices, a silicon pixel array detector is used at the detector end. Beam flow measurement is performed by directly bombarding local silicon pixels with charged particle pulses, which causes local damage to the detector faster and shortens its lifespan.

[0006] Based on this, the present application provides a FLASH treatment system, a Cherenkov detector, a beam flow measurement device and method thereof, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium to improve related technologies.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide a FLASH treatment system, a Cherenkov detector, a beam flow measurement device and method thereof, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium, which can improve the life of the detector, measure multiple parameters simultaneously and uniformly, and be applicable to different particle energy ranges.

[0009] The purpose of this application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0010] In a first aspect, the present application provides a Cherenkov detector, comprising:

[0011] a Cherenkov radiator, the Cherenkov radiator being arranged in a path of the beam and configured to be irradiated by the beam to generate Cherenkov radiation light propagating in the Cherenkov radiator; the direction of the beam intersects a receiving surface of the Cherenkov radiator, and the Cherenkov radiation light serves as an optical signal for measurement;

[0012] an optical signal collection array, disposed in the optical path of the Cerenkov radiation light and not directly illuminated by the beam, for collecting the Cerenkov radiation light and outputting an analog signal, the analog signal being used to indicate the intensity, spot position, and trigger time of the Cerenkov radiation light at different positions of the optical signal collection array;

[0013] A light shield is used to form a light-shielding space on the optical path of the Cherenkov radiation light between the optical signal collection array and the Cherenkov radiator.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the Cherenkov detector further includes:

[0015] A frame is provided with a light-proof channel for accommodating the optical signal collecting array so as to prevent it from being directly irradiated by the beam.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the Cherenkov radiator is provided with a docking end close to the optical signal collection array, and a light-proof reflective coating is provided on the portion of the Cherenkov radiator not shielded by the frame to make it light-proof, and the Cherenkov radiation light is transmitted to the optical signal collection array by mirror reflection, and the portion of the Cherenkov radiator not provided with the light-proof reflective coating extends into the light-proof channel and is shielded by the frame to make it light-proof.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the Cherenkov radiator includes:

[0018] One or more radiator units, each radiator unit having a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other, the radiator unit being configured to receive the beam through the top surface and generate Cherenkov radiation light;

[0019] and light-proof reflective coatings respectively provided on the bottom surface and the top surface of the radiator unit, wherein the light-proof reflective coatings are used to prevent Cherenkov radiation light from penetrating the top surface and the bottom surface.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the optical signal collection array includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged in an array, and the plurality of photoelectric conversion units are respectively configured to receive the Cherenkov radiation light and output corresponding analog signals;

[0021] The photoelectric conversion unit of the optical signal collection array is any one of the following: optical fiber bundle, photoresistor, photodiode and phototransistor.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the optical signal collection array and the butt end of the Cherenkov radiator are spaced apart along the optical path of the Cherenkov radiation light.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the optical signal collection array is disposed in at least two non-parallel optical path directions of the Cherenkov radiation light.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the Cherenkov radiator is a cube, and the Cherenkov radiator is composed of a plurality of radiator units;

[0025] The radiator unit is a cuboid, and the side surfaces and the end surfaces not facing the optical signal collection array of the radiator unit are provided with opaque reflective coatings. The long sides of a plurality of radiator units are closely arranged adjacent to each other to form the Cherenkov radiator.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a beam flow measurement device for measuring the beam flow output by an accelerator, the device comprising:

[0027] The Cherenkov detector according to any one of the above items, wherein the Cherenkov detector is configured to receive the beam and output an analog signal;

[0028] A signal processing module, configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal and output the digital signal;

[0029] An information reconstruction module is used to reconstruct physical information of the beam according to the digital signal to measure the beam, wherein the physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information, and beam spot shape information.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a beam flux measurement method, wherein the beam flux output by the accelerator is measured using the beam flux measurement device described above, the method comprising:

[0031] receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal;

[0032] Convert the analog signal into a digital signal through a signal processing module and output the digital signal;

[0033] The beam is measured by reconstructing the physical information of the beam according to the digital signal through an information reconstruction module. The physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information, and beam spot shape information.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the Cherenkov radiator includes one or more radiator units, each radiator unit having a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other, and the radiator unit is configured to receive the beam through the top surface and generate Cherenkov radiation light;

[0035] The step of receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal comprises:

[0036] Using one or more radiator units in the Cherenkov radiator to receive the beam and generate Cherenkov radiation light;

[0037] The opaque reflective coatings provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the radiator unit generating the Cerenkov radiation light prevent the Cerenkov radiation light from penetrating and transmit the Cerenkov radiation light to the optical signal collection array in a mirror reflection manner.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the step of receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal further includes:

[0039] The Cherenkov radiation light is received by a signal collection array and an analog signal is output. The analog signal is used to indicate the light intensity, light spot position and trigger time of the light signal at different positions of the light signal collection array.

[0040] In some possible implementations, the method further includes:

[0041] diagnosing the accelerator according to the physical information and preset beam setting parameters;

[0042] When the diagnosis result indicates that the beam setting parameters of the accelerator need to be adjusted, inputting the beam setting parameters into a beam adjustment model to obtain the beam adjustment parameters of the accelerator;

[0043] updating the beam setting parameters using the beam adjustment parameters;

[0044] The beam adjustment model is obtained by training a preset deep learning model using a training set.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and one or more processors, the memory being used to store computer programs, and the processor being used to call and run the computer programs stored in the memory so that the electronic device executes any of the methods described above.

[0046] In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a FLASH treatment system, which includes an accelerator for generating a beam and the beam flow measurement device as described above.

[0047] In a sixth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 10 to 13 are implemented.

[0048] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by one or more processors, implements the steps of any method of the third aspect or implements the functions of any FLASH treatment system described above.

[0049] The present application provides a FLASH therapy system, a Cerenkov detector, a beam flow measurement device and method thereof, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] On the one hand, the optical signal collection array in the Cherenkov detector does not need to directly interact with the beam, but instead performs measurements by receiving the generated optical signals. Therefore, unlike optical signal collection arrays directly impacted by high-energy particles, they are not susceptible to severe energy deposition and damage. This allows the detector as a whole to remain relatively stable when measuring beam currents, and is less susceptible to damage and performance degradation. On the other hand, the physical separation created by the introduction of the Cherenkov radiator allows the Cherenkov detector to continuously measure beam currents for extended periods of time without causing degradation or failure of the beam detector due to interaction with the beam. This allows for long-term or continuous experiments or measurements, thereby enabling accurate data or results. Furthermore, accurately measuring the energy and properties of charged particle pulses is crucial in beam current measurement. This continuous use ensures the stability and consistency of the Cherenkov radiation light (the generated analog signal), thereby providing reliable and accurate measurement results, helping doctors and researchers make informed decisions. Furthermore, this technical solution is capable of simultaneously measuring the energy (range), dose (intensity or charge), and beam spot shape and position of the same beam (or pulse) without requiring the use of different detectors. Specifically, Cherenkov radiation is produced when charged particles travel faster than the speed of light in a medium, and its wavelength is primarily concentrated in the ultraviolet band. The emission angle (radiation angle) of Cherenkov radiation is closely related to the velocity of the incident particle. For a given particle type, the particle velocity (energy) is calculated using the emission angle combined with the refractive index of the medium. The emission angle can be inferred from the positional distribution of the light spot on the optical signal collection array. The time it takes for the light spot to form on the detector is related to the incident particle's position. By recording the time it takes for each part of the light spot to form and comparing their order, the particle's impact position can be determined. The intensity of Cherenkov radiation is related to the energy deposited by the incident particle. By measuring the intensity of the light signal, the energy deposited by the charged particle pulse in the medium can be determined, thereby obtaining dose information. Furthermore, the excitation time of Cherenkov radiation is in the picosecond range. This means that Cherenkov radiation is generated within picoseconds after a high-speed charged particle strikes the radiator, making the excitation time negligible compared to any other optical response mechanism. The propagation time of light within a radiator and the response time of semiconductor detectors (such as silicon pixel detectors) are on the order of 10 nanoseconds. Therefore, without considering delays in electronics and back-end storage, the sampling frequency of Cherenkov detectors can reach hundreds of megahertz, significantly improving the response times of currently used gas ionization chamber and scintillator detectors. Such high sampling frequencies are essential for the development of FLASH treatment methods, particularly for FLASH approaches that increase flux intensity by increasing pulse frequency. They have a wide range of applications, encompassing a wide range of particle energies.A light shield is provided between the signal collection array and the Cerenkov radiator to prevent external light from interfering with the transmission of optical signals between the signal collection array and the Cerenkov radiator, thereby improving the accuracy of the optical signal collection array.

[0051] In summary, by setting up the Cherenkov radiator and the optical signal collection array and restricting the beam direction, the effect of physical separation is achieved, which makes the Cherenkov detector remain relatively stable when measuring the beam, less prone to damage and performance degradation. Continuous use has the advantages of enabling experiments or measurements to obtain accurate data or results, more accurate measurement results, and multi-parameter measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0053] FIG1 is a structural block diagram of a Cherenkov detector provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a Cherenkov detector provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of a Cherenkov detector provided in FIG2 .

[0056] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the beam directly acting on the beam detector.

[0057] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the beam indirectly acting on the signal collection array.

[0058] FIG6 is a light path diagram of incident particles of a beam entering a radiator provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] FIG7 is a structural block diagram of a beam flow measurement device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] FIG8 is a flow chart of a beam flux measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] FIG9 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0062] FIG10 is a working block diagram of a FLASH treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer program product provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The technical solutions in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods of the present application. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various implementation methods or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new implementation methods. The words expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of this application are all explained with reference to the accompanying drawings as examples, but they can also be changed as needed, and the changes made are all included in the scope of protection of this invention.

[0065] In the examples of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the examples of this application should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0066] The first, second, etc. descriptions appearing in the embodiments of the present application are only used for illustration and distinction of the description objects. There is no order, nor does it indicate a special limitation on the quantity in the embodiments of the present application, and cannot constitute any limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0067] The following is a brief description of the technical field and related terms of the embodiments of the present application.

[0068] Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the theories, methods, techniques, and application systems that use digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend, and expand human intelligence, to perceive the environment, acquire knowledge, and use that knowledge to achieve optimal results. In other words, AI is a comprehensive field within computer science that seeks to understand the essence of intelligence and produce new intelligent machines that can respond in a manner similar to human intelligence. AI studies the design principles and implementation methods of various intelligent machines, enabling them to possess the capabilities of perception, reasoning, and decision-making. AI technology is an interdisciplinary discipline encompassing a wide range of fields, encompassing both hardware and software technologies. Foundational AI technologies generally include sensors, specialized AI chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, big data processing, operating / interaction systems, and mechatronics. AI software technologies primarily encompass computer vision, speech processing, natural language processing, machine learning / deep learning, autonomous driving, and smart transportation.

[0069] Machine Learning (ML) is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses probability theory, statistics, approximation theory, convex analysis, and algorithmic complexity theory. Given a set of tasks T and a performance metric P, a computer program can learn from experience E. If its performance in task T can be measured by P, then it improves with experience E. Machine learning specifically studies how computers can simulate or implement human learning behaviors to acquire new knowledge or skills and reorganize existing knowledge structures to continuously improve their performance. Machine learning is at the core of artificial intelligence and the fundamental way to make computers intelligent. Its applications span all areas of artificial intelligence.

[0070] Deep learning is a special type of machine learning that achieves tremendous power and flexibility by learning to represent concepts using nested hierarchies of concepts, where each concept is defined in relation to simpler concepts, and more abstract representations are computed using less abstract methods. Machine learning and deep learning typically include techniques such as artificial neural networks, belief networks, reinforcement learning, transfer learning, inductive learning, and learning by demonstration.

[0071] An accelerator is a device that can accelerate charged particles or atomic nuclei to high speeds and energies. The basic principle of an accelerator is to use electric or magnetic fields to exert forces on charged particles or atomic nuclei, accelerating them. The main components of an accelerator include a particle source, an accelerating structure, a focusing system, a deflection system, and a detection system. Accelerators are used in nuclear experiments, radiomedicine, radiochemistry, radioisotope production, and non-destructive testing. There are many types of accelerators, including cyclotrons, linear accelerators, electrostatic accelerators, particle accelerators, and voltage-multiplying accelerators. Accelerators artificially accelerate charged particles to high energies, generating electrons, protons, deuterons, alpha particles, and other heavy ions of various energies. These directly accelerated charged particles interact with matter to produce a variety of charged and uncharged secondary particles, such as gamma particles, neutrons, and various mesons, hyperons, and antiparticles. The beam output by the accelerator refers to the beam (i.e., charged particle pulse) released with a certain energy, speed and spatial distribution after being accelerated and adjusted in the accelerator. This application uses the beam released by the accelerator as an example for explanation. The proton beam is a particle radiotherapy method that can use the Bragg peak (the depth at which the proton beam deposits most of the dose) to achieve precise positioning and dose sculpture of the tumor, reducing radiation damage to normal tissue. The beam detector of the proton beam can be a dosimeter based on a scintillator or a plastic scintillator, which can measure the energy, current and dose rate of the proton beam. The beam detector of the proton beam can also be an imaging system based on a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), which can use the secondary electrons or gamma rays emitted by the proton beam to draw two-dimensional or three-dimensional images, which is not limited by this application. The beam mentioned in this application is a high-speed beam, which includes a collection of charged particles moving at high energy and high speed in an accelerator.

[0072] FLASH therapy is a radiotherapy technique that can be used to treat cancer. Unlike traditional radiotherapy methods, FLASH therapy uses FLASH radiation to release radiation (such as electrons or X-rays) in a very high dose in a very short time (usually a few milliseconds to a few hundred milliseconds) to directly irradiate tumor tissue. Due to the rapid flashing of its released rays, it contrasts with the traditional slow dose release of radiation, so it is called FLASH therapy. Because radiation can be released quickly so that normal cells do not have time to accumulate too much damage, FLASH radiation can greatly reduce damage to healthy tissue. At the same time, since FLASH radiation delivers high doses at an extremely fast speed, it may be possible to significantly shorten the course of treatment, thereby reducing the burden on patients. The beam output by the accelerator mentioned in this application is a high-speed beam used for FLASH therapy.

[0073] Refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of the principle of the beam directly acting on the beam detector. In the related art, the beam output by the accelerator is directly applied to the beam detector to obtain a signal for measuring the beam output by the accelerator. When the high-speed charged particle pulse (charged particles in the beam) hits the surface of the beam detector, a large amount of energy will be transferred to the beam detector, which may damage the sensitive components of the beam detector. This energy transfer may cause the atoms and molecules in the beam detector material to be broken down or ionized, thereby affecting its life or causing permanent damage. In addition, the beam detector in Figure 4 cannot measure the beam energy simultaneously, and other beam flow measurement devices need to be replaced to complete the measurement together, which lacks the simultaneity and identity of the measurement.

[0074] Based on this, the present application provides a FLASH treatment system, a Cherenkov detector, a beam flux measurement device, a beam flux measurement method, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium to improve the above-mentioned related technologies.

[0075] Refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of the principle of the indirect action of the beam on the signal collection array. The directional solid line in the figure is used to indicate the beam, and the directional dotted line is used to indicate the Cherenkov radiation light. Cherenkov radiation light (i.e., the optical signal mentioned below) is the light generated by the interaction between charged particles and matter. Its energy is usually lower than that of the beam, and it is different from the energy action mechanism of the above-mentioned related technologies. The generation of Cherenkov radiation light is a very fast process and will not cause high-energy damage like high-speed charged particles directly hitting the detector surface. At the same time, the energy distribution of Cherenkov radiation is also relatively uniform, and a large amount of energy will not be concentrated at a specific point, so it will not cause severe local damage. Figure 5 is only a schematic diagram of the principle. In specific applications, the signal collection array can be set on multiple sides of the Cherenkov radiator. In this application, the surface of the Cherenkov radiator facing the beam is referred to as the front, the surface facing away from the front is referred to as the back, and the surface between the front and back is referred to as the side. In addition, the Cherenkov detector provided in the present application can be used to simultaneously measure beam energy without replacing other beam flow measurement devices to complete the measurement, which has better simultaneity and identity of the measurement.

[0076] The solutions provided in the embodiments of this application involve technologies such as beam flow measurement and artificial intelligence for medical equipment. The following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods, will specifically describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application and how the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application solve the above-mentioned technical problems. It should be noted that the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments. The order of description of the following embodiments does not limit the preferred order of the embodiments. For some embodiments, the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of this application, not all of them.

[0077] Detector embodiment.

[0078] 1 and 2 , FIG1 is a structural block diagram of a Cherenkov detector provided in an embodiment of the present application, and FIG2 is a structural schematic diagram of a Cherenkov detector provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0079] An embodiment of the present application provides a Cherenkov detector, the Cherenkov detector comprising:

[0080] a Cherenkov radiator, the Cherenkov radiator being arranged in a path of the beam and configured to be irradiated by the beam to generate Cherenkov radiation light propagating in the Cherenkov radiator; the direction of the beam intersects a receiving surface of the Cherenkov radiator, and the Cherenkov radiation light serves as an optical signal for measurement;

[0081] A frame body, wherein the frame body is provided with a light-proof channel for accommodating the optical signal collection array;

[0082] an optical signal collection array, housed in a frame and not directly exposed to the beam, disposed on an optical path of the Cherenkov radiation light, for collecting the Cherenkov radiation light and outputting an analog signal indicating the intensity, spot position, and trigger time of the Cherenkov radiation light at different locations of the optical signal collection array;

[0083] The Cherenkov radiator is provided with a docking end close to the optical signal collection array, and a light-proof reflective coating is provided on the portion of the Cherenkov radiator not shielded by the frame to make it light-proof. The portion of the Cherenkov radiator not provided with the light-proof reflective coating extends into the light-proof channel and is shielded by the frame to make it light-proof.

[0084] When a beam passes through a Cherenkov detector, the charged particles in the beam lose energy and generate Cherenkov radiation. The Cherenkov detector uses this radiation as an optical signal. The intensity and distribution of the optical signal can be used to infer information such as the energy and trajectory of the charged particles in the beam, thereby enabling measurement of the accelerator's output beam.

[0085] Compared to related technologies that apply a high-speed beam directly to a beam detector to obtain a signal measuring the beam output by the accelerator, when high-speed charged particles hit the surface of the beam detector, they transfer a large amount of energy to the beam detector, potentially damaging the sensitive components of the beam detector. This energy transfer may cause atoms and molecules in the beam detector material to be broken down or ionized, thereby affecting its lifespan or causing permanent damage. In this embodiment, Cherenkov radiation is used to generate an analog signal. Cherenkov radiation generally has low energy and is different from the energy action mechanism of related technologies. The generation of Cherenkov radiation is a very fast process and does not cause high-energy damage like when high-speed charged particles directly hit the detector surface.

[0086] The benefits of doing this are:

[0087] The effect of physical separation. Specifically, the optical signal collection array in the Cherenkov detector does not need to interact directly with the beam. Instead, it performs measurements by receiving the generated optical signals. Therefore, it is not as susceptible to serious energy deposition and damage as the optical signal collection array directly hit by high-energy particles. This allows the detector as a whole to remain relatively stable when measuring the beam and is not prone to damage and performance degradation.

[0088] The effect of continuous use, due to the physical spacing characteristics produced by the introduction of the Cherenkov radiator, enables the Cherenkov detector to continuously perform beam measurements for a long time without causing degradation or failure of the beam detector due to the interaction with the beam, which can support long-term or continuous experiments or measurements, and thus obtain accurate data or results.

[0089] More accurate measurement results. Accurately measuring the energy and properties of charged particle pulses is crucial in beam flow measurement. The benefits of continuous use ensure the stability and consistency of the Cherenkov radiation light (the analog signal generated), providing reliable and accurate measurement results that help doctors and researchers make correct decisions.

[0090] The simultaneous acquisition of multiple observations enables simultaneous measurement of the energy (range), dose (intensity or charge), and beam spot shape and position of the same beam (or pulse) without the need to switch detectors. Specifically, Cherenkov radiation is produced when charged particles travel faster than the speed of light in a medium, and its wavelength is primarily concentrated in the ultraviolet region. The emission angle (radiation angle) of Cherenkov radiation is closely related to the velocity of the incident particle. For a given particle type, the particle velocity (energy) is calculated using the emission angle combined with the refractive index of the medium. The emission angle can be inferred from the positional distribution of the beam spot on the optical signal collection array. The formation time of the beam spot on the detector is related to the incident particle's position. By recording the formation time of each component of the beam spot and comparing their order, the particle's impact position can be determined. The intensity of Cherenkov radiation is related to the energy deposited by the incident particle. By measuring the intensity of the optical signal, the energy deposited by the charged particle pulse in the medium can be determined, thereby obtaining dose information.

[0091] High-speed response: Cherenkov radiation excitation takes picoseconds. This means that after a high-speed charged particle strikes a radiator, Cherenkov radiation is generated within picoseconds, a negligible excitation time compared to any other optical response mechanism. The propagation time of light within the radiator and the response time of semiconductor detectors (such as silicon pixel detectors) are on the order of 10 nanoseconds. Therefore, without considering delays in electronics and back-end storage, the sampling frequency of Cherenkov detectors can reach hundreds of megahertz, a significant improvement over the response times of currently used gas ionization chambers and scintillator detectors. Such high sampling frequencies are essential for the development of FLASH treatment methods, particularly for FLASH approaches that increase current intensity by increasing pulse frequency. The method has a wide range of applications, applicable to different particle energy ranges.

[0092] In summary, the Cherenkov detector provided in this embodiment achieves the effect of physical separation by providing a Cherenkov radiator and an optical signal collection array, as well as restricting the direction of the beam. This allows the Cherenkov detector to remain relatively stable when measuring the beam, and is less susceptible to damage and performance degradation. This has the advantages of enabling experiments or measurements to obtain accurate data or results with continued use, more accurate measurement results, and multi-parameter measurement.

[0093] The light-proof channel is light-proof, which not only prevents light outside the frame from penetrating into the interior of the frame, but also prevents light from inside the frame from penetrating to the outside and affecting the external environment.

[0094] In some embodiments, the Cherenkov radiator may include:

[0095] One or more radiator units, each radiator unit having a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other, the radiator unit being configured to receive the beam through the top surface and generate Cherenkov radiation light;

[0096] The opaque reflective coating is respectively provided on the bottom and top surfaces of the radiator unit, and is used to prevent the Cherenkov radiation light from passing through the top and bottom surfaces, and transmit the Cherenkov radiation light to the optical signal collection array in a mirror reflection manner.

[0097] It can be understood that a Cherenkov detector is designed based on the generation and transmission of Cherenkov radiation by a Cherenkov radiator, and the use of an opaque reflective coating to control the transmission direction of the Cherenkov radiation. A Cherenkov radiator comprises one or more radiator units, each of which has a top and bottom surface positioned opposite each other, forming a sandwich-like structure consisting of two outer materials sandwiching a central material. When multiple radiator units are arranged together, the bottom surface of one radiator unit can serve as the top surface of another adjacent radiator unit.

[0098] As shown in Figure 6, charged particles in the beam enter the Cherenkov radiator from the top surface. During this process, the particles lose energy and excite atoms, producing Cherenkov radiation. The propagation direction of the Cherenkov radiation is controlled by opaque reflective coatings on the top and bottom surfaces of the Cherenkov radiator. The Cherenkov radiation is then transmitted to the optical signal collection array via specular reflection.

[0099] The advantage of this approach is that charged particles enter the Cherenkov radiator from the top surface. As they pass through the Cherenkov radiator, they lose energy and excite atoms to produce Cherenkov radiation. The photons generated by this radiation form Cherenkov radiation light. The propagation direction of the Cherenkov radiation light is controlled by the opaque reflective coatings provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the Cherenkov radiator. The Cherenkov radiation light is transmitted to the optical signal collection array by mirror reflection. This process changes the propagation direction of the light, facilitating its collection on the side of the radiator. At the same time, the opaque reflective coatings can also prevent external light from entering the radiator unit through the bottom and / or top surfaces of the radiator unit, thereby interfering with the optical signal collection array. By providing an opaque reflective coating, the Cherenkov radiation light is transmitted to the optical signal collection array by mirror reflection. When the Cherenkov detector includes multiple Cherenkov radiators, a shared opaque reflective coating can be provided on adjacent surfaces (bottom and top). At the same time, the beam can pass through the opaque reflective coating, so that each layer of Cherenkov radiators can generate a light signal and then be transmitted to the optical signal collection array by mirror reflection, thereby improving the signal detection sensitivity. When the Cherenkov detector includes multiple superimposed Cherenkov radiators (and adjacent surfaces are isolated by opaque reflective coatings), the Cherenkov detector can collect light signals from Cherenkov radiators in different layers. By analyzing the light signals from different layers, better spatial resolution can be achieved to more accurately determine the incident position of the charged particle, thereby providing more accurate beam trajectory information. The above structure can be stacked with different layers of Cherenkov radiators as needed to adjust the sensitivity and resolution of the detector. Because each optical signal is transmitted to the optical signal collection array via specular reflection, analysts can more easily build models and algorithms to interpret the optical signals and extract information about the beam, without having to consider the complex situation where the optical signals come from different directions, thus simplifying the analysis. Limiting the transmission of Cherenkov radiation to specular reflection ensures that the transmission path of the optical signal is controllable and consistent. Subsequent analysis and interpretation of the optical signals allows for more precise calculation of parameters such as the beam's energy, position, and trajectory.

[0100] The beam can pass through the opaque reflective coating, so that each layer of Cherenkov radiator can generate an optical signal and then transmit it to the optical signal collection array by mirror reflection.

[0101] In specific applications, the luminescence response time of the Cherenkov radiator is in the picosecond range, with fast response and short dead time, which can realize high-frequency single-pulse measurement.

[0102] In some embodiments, for each radiator unit:

[0103] The thickness of the opaque reflective coating is in the range of 0.3 μm to 6 μm; and / or,

[0104] The component of the opaque reflective coating includes opaque metal; and / or,

[0105] The thickness of the radiator unit ranges from 0.2 cm to 8 cm; and / or,

[0106] The radiator unit is made of optical lead glass or optical organic glass.

[0107] The advantages of this approach are: the optical glass (lead glass or organic glass) used as the radiator unit has a sufficient refractive index to generate Cherenkov radiation; the uniform refractive index of the optical glass improves the uniformity of the response, thereby enhancing measurement accuracy; and the optical glass has low and controllable dispersion, effectively reducing the risk of resolution loss due to dispersion. The opaque reflective coating is composed of opaque metals such as aluminum, gold, and silver, which can achieve specular reflection of light without transmitting light.

[0108] 2 and 3 , FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of a Cherenkov detector provided in FIG2 .

[0109] In some embodiments, the optical signal collection array includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged in an array, and the plurality of photoelectric conversion units are respectively configured to receive the Cherenkov radiation light and output corresponding analog signals.

[0110] The advantage of this is that by using multiple photoelectric conversion units arranged in an array, the optical signals at different positions on the Cherenkov radiator can be captured and recorded simultaneously, allowing high-resolution measurements in space, thereby improving the accuracy of beam measurements.

[0111] Therefore, the signal collection array can be considered a high-resolution detector, composed of multiple tiny detection units (e.g., pixels), each of which can independently sense radiated light and generate a corresponding electrical signal. This array can be used to capture, record, and analyze signals from particles or light, thereby achieving high-resolution detection and measurement. The Cherenkov radiation generated by a Cherenkov radiator, after being confined by a light-opaque reflective coating, enters the optical path of the signal collection array. At the signal collection array, the Cherenkov radiation is received and converted into an analog signal. The signal collection array can be considered to be composed of many tiny pixel detectors, such as photomultiplier tubes, each of which is responsible for receiving and measuring the light intensity, light spot location, and trigger time difference of the light signal at its location. When the Cherenkov radiation enters and is received by the signal collection array, an analog signal is generated containing information about the light signal captured by each pixel detector. This information may include the light signal intensity, light spot location, and trigger time difference between the light signal reaching different pixel detectors.

[0112] Compared to related technologies, beam dose measurement devices (such as ionization chambers, silicon pixel detectors, and film) lack the ability to simultaneously measure both beam dose and beam energy. Consequently, during beam debugging and verification, properties such as energy (range) and dose often need to be measured separately. This increases measurement time and creates logical flaws in the simultaneous verification of various properties. The Cherenkov detector provided in this embodiment, because the signal collection array can measure the characteristics of the optical signal at different locations, can simultaneously obtain the optical signal's intensity, spot position, and timing information for multi-parameter measurement, making beam measurement more comprehensive and accurate.

[0113] Furthermore, the signal collection array enables simultaneous measurement of the intensity and spot position of the optical signal at different spatial locations (i.e., providing high spatial resolution), thereby accurately determining the incident position of the optical signal on the Cherenkov detector. By measuring the triggering time differences of the optical signal between different pixel detectors, information about the arrival time of the optical signal at different locations can be obtained, thereby deriving the temporal correlation of events such as particle impact. The signal collection array can measure these characteristics of the optical signal in real time, providing real-time beam flow measurement data, which in turn enables real-time monitoring and control of beam performance.

[0114] In summary, the optical signal can be measured and analyzed in detail in both spatial and temporal dimensions, thus achieving more accurate beam flux measurement.

[0115] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion unit in the optical signal collection array is any one of the following: optical fiber bundle, photoresistor, photodiode and phototransistor.

[0116] The benefits of doing this are: taking the optical signal collection array composed of multiple photodiode units as an example, each photodiode unit is responsible for receiving the optical signal at its position and converting the light energy into electric charge. Each photodiode unit will generate a certain amount of charge after receiving the optical signal. These charges can be read out and converted into a corresponding analog signal, which carries information about the intensity and position of the optical signal. As a result, the photodiode unit has high sensitivity and can effectively convert the optical signal into electric charge, thereby improving the performance of the detector. Since the photodiode unit is a tiny light detection unit, it can provide high spatial resolution to accurately determine the spot position of the optical signal, thereby achieving precise measurement of parameters such as the particle incident position. Each photodiode unit can independently measure the intensity and position of the optical signal, thereby achieving multi-parameter measurement. The combination of multiple photodiode units can simultaneously provide more comprehensive information about the distribution and intensity of the optical signal.

[0117] As an example, the optical signal collection array includes a plurality of silicon pixel photodiode units arranged in an array, which are used to receive the optical signal and output a corresponding analog signal.

[0118] A silicon pixel photodiode unit is a photodetector unit manufactured based on silicon semiconductor materials. It combines the electronic properties of silicon semiconductors with the characteristics of optoelectronics and can convert light signals into charge signals, which can then be read and processed. In conjunction with this embodiment, its operating principle is, for example:

[0119] Light absorption: When a light signal hits the sensitive area of ​​a silicon pixel photodiode, the photon energy is absorbed, causing electrons in the silicon to be excited to the conduction band, generating electron-hole pairs.

[0120] The carriers separate and the generated electron-hole pairs are separated by the electric field, with the electrons heading towards one polarity and the holes heading towards the opposite polarity. This separation process generates electric charge.

[0121] Charge collection, the generated charges are concentrated on the electrodes inside the pixel photodiode.

[0122] Signal readout, by reading the charge on the electrode, can obtain information such as the intensity and position of the light signal.

[0123] In this embodiment, silicon pixel photodiode units are organized into a pixel array, and each pixel unit in the array is an independent photodetector that can measure light signals at a specific position, making it suitable for acquiring high-resolution signals.

[0124] Therefore, the signal collection array is composed of multiple silicon pixel photodiode units, each of which is responsible for receiving the light signal at its position and converting the light energy into electric charge. Each silicon pixel photodiode unit will generate a certain amount of charge after receiving the light signal. These charges can be read out and converted into corresponding analog signals, which carry information about the intensity and position of the light signal.

[0125] The benefits of this are: the silicon pixel photodiode unit has high sensitivity and can effectively convert light signals into electric charge, thereby improving the performance of the detector. Because the silicon pixel photodiode unit is a tiny light detection unit, it can provide high spatial resolution to accurately determine the spot position of the light signal, thereby achieving precise measurement of parameters such as the particle incident position. Each silicon pixel photodiode unit can independently measure the intensity and position of the light signal, thereby achieving multi-parameter measurement. The combination of multiple silicon pixel photodiode units can simultaneously provide more comprehensive information about the distribution and intensity of the light signal.

[0126] In some specific applications, as shown in Figure 3, the signal collection array can be integrated with the Cerenkov radiator and protected by a common housing to reduce footprint. In other specific applications, the signal collection array can be separated from the Cerenkov radiator. Furthermore, because the beam flux measurement device provided in this embodiment is primarily an optical system, only the pixel detectors require power; no high-voltage power supply is required.

[0127] In addition, the analog signal is used to indicate the light intensity, spot position and trigger time difference of the optical signal at different positions of the signal collection array. Specifically:

[0128] An analog signal can be used to indicate light intensity. Light intensity refers to the strength of the light signal received from the signal collection array. Cherenkov radiation is generated during Cherenkov radiation detection, and the intensity of Cherenkov radiation can be used to infer properties such as the energy of charged particles. Light intensity can be measured on a light sensor such as a photodiode array and correlated with the energy of the incident charged particles (in the beam).

[0129] Each pixel in the signal collection array senses incoming light and generates an electrical signal. When a light signal strikes a pixel, electron-hole pairs are generated, causing a current to flow, which measures the light intensity. Cherenkov radiation is generated on a Cherenkov radiator and is caused by the interaction of a charged particle pulse with matter. When a charged particle pulse strikes the radiator, generating Cherenkov radiation, it propagates along a specific path and strikes the corresponding pixel. By measuring the intensity of the light signal on the signal collection array, and because each pixel has a pre-recorded location in the array, the location of the Cherenkov radiation on the signal collection array surface can be determined by analyzing which pixels are illuminated and the intensity of the light received. This allows the location of the Cherenkov radiation spot to be inferred. This information provides information about the incident beam position and possible direction on the Cherenkov detector surface.

[0130] When a charged particle pulse passes through multiple detection units, the arrival time of the signal at each detection unit will vary slightly. By comparing the arrival times of the signals from different channels, we can infer information about the propagation direction, speed, energy, and other aspects of the charged particle pulse in the beam.

[0131] In some embodiments, the optical signal collection array and the butt end of the Cherenkov radiator are spaced apart along the optical path of the Cherenkov radiation light.

[0132] 6 , the advantage of this is that arranging the optical signal collection array in the optical path direction of the Cerenkov radiation light can maximize the capture of the Cerenkov radiation light while reducing the cost of the optical signal collection array.

[0133] In some embodiments, the optical signal collection array is disposed in at least two non-parallel optical path directions of the Cerenkov radiation light.

[0134] The advantage of doing this is that by setting up optical signal collection arrays in different non-parallel optical path directions, optical signals from different angles or directions can be captured, which can provide more information than a single direction and help to more accurately analyze the properties of Cherenkov radiation light.

[0135] Placing the signal collection array near two adjacent sides of a Cherenkov radiator to capture Cherenkov radiation signals from different sides (meaning at least two non-parallel sides) effectively establishes a coordinate system that can locate the position of the incident light signal in multidimensional space. By measuring the time difference between the light signals from different sides, the position coordinates of the incident light signal can be reconstructed.

[0136] In summary, multi-dimensional positioning and precise positioning can be achieved, while facilitating the establishment of a coordinate system and measurement, providing more information and higher-precision results for beam flow measurement.

[0137] In some embodiments, the distance between the optical signal collecting array and the side surface of the adjacent Cherenkov radiator is in a range of 1 cm to 10 cm.

[0138] Maintaining an appropriate distance between the signal collection array and the Cherenkov radiator ensures that the Cherenkov radiation light can be captured by the detector. If the distance is too far, the intensity of the optical signal may be weakened, affecting the accuracy of the data. If the distance is too close, the resolution of the acquired optical signal will be affected.

[0139] In some embodiments, a light shield is provided between the signal collection array and the Cerenkov radiator to prevent external light from interfering with the transmission of optical signals between the signal collection array and the Cerenkov radiator, thereby improving the accuracy of the optical signal collection array. The light shield may be, for example, an opaque tape or film.

[0140] In some embodiments, the Cerenkov radiator is a cube. The cube shape of the Cerenkov radiator ensures similar properties in all directions, without introducing bias or inhomogeneity. Due to the cube geometry and the arrangement of the signal collection array, the properties of the Cerenkov radiation optical signals acquired from all directions are similar, ensuring uniformity and consistency of the acquired data.

[0141] The radiator unit is a cuboid, and the side surfaces and the end surfaces not facing the optical signal collection array of the radiator unit are provided with opaque reflective coatings. The long sides of a plurality of radiator units are closely arranged adjacent to each other to form the Cherenkov radiator.

[0142] The radiator units are in the shape of thin strips (rectangular parallelepipeds). The sides and end faces of the radiator units that do not face the optical signal collection array are coated with an opaque reflective coating. Multiple radiator units are closely spaced with their long sides adjacent to each other to form the Cherenkov radiator. For example, a Cherenkov radiator with a square plane can be constructed by splicing two cubes made of strips, with the strips orthogonally aligned to form the upper and lower layers. The physical position of the radiator is used to locate the beam spot, reducing the complexity of the reconstruction algorithm and minimizing the introduction of correlation errors.

[0143] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, in a specific application scenario, an embodiment of the present application further provides a Cherenkov detector, comprising a heat dissipation device (such as a fan) for dissipating heat, a frame, an optical signal collection array, and a Cherenkov radiator. The Cherenkov radiator is provided with a docking end close to the optical signal collection array, and the frame is at least partially composed of an opaque material to form a constant temperature and opaque channel. Constant temperature refers to maintaining a constant temperature, that is, under certain conditions, keeping the temperature from changing or fluctuating significantly. It can be achieved by using a constant temperature device to control the temperature and keep it within a set range to ensure that stable temperature conditions can be obtained.

[0144] 6 , the incident particles (of the beam) enter the radiator (i.e., the Cherenkov radiator) in the direction of the straight arrow and generate Cherenkov radiation light. Due to the provision of the reflective layer (i.e., the opaque reflective coating), the Cherenkov radiation light propagates in the direction of the dotted arrow.

[0145] Device embodiment.

[0146] Refer to FIG. 7 , which is a structural block diagram of a beam flow measurement device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0147] The present application also provides a beam current measuring device for measuring the beam current output by an accelerator. The device includes:

[0148] Any one of the Cherenkov detectors protected in the detector embodiment, wherein the Cherenkov detector is used to receive the beam and output an analog signal;

[0149] A signal processing module, configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal and output the digital signal;

[0150] An information reconstruction module is used to reconstruct physical information of the beam according to the digital signal to measure the beam, wherein the physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information, and beam spot shape information.

[0151] The specific embodiments of the Cherenkov detector are consistent with the embodiments described in the above detector embodiments and the technical effects achieved, and some contents are not repeated here.

[0152] By setting up a signal processing module and an information reconstruction module, the analog signals obtained from the Cherenkov detector and the signal collection array are further processed and analyzed to obtain physical information about the beam.

[0153] The signal processing module can convert analog signals into digital signals using technologies such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and this application does not limit the implementation thereof. A digital signal processing algorithm can then be applied to process the signal. The information processing module can also perform digital filtering and noise reduction processing, that is, the digital signal can be processed by digital filtering and noise reduction algorithms to reduce noise and interference in the analog signal, thereby improving the quality and reliability of the signal.

[0154] The information reconstruction module can use the digital signal obtained from the signal processing module to reconstruct the physical information of the beam according to a pre-set algorithm. This physical information includes beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information, and beam spot shape information. The reconstruction algorithm compares the characteristics of the signal with known physical relationships to infer relevant beam parameters. This embodiment does not limit the reconstruction algorithm, and it can be, for example:

[0155] The Fourier transform converts digital signals from the time domain to the frequency domain, thereby analyzing the signal's spectral characteristics. Specifically, in beam flow measurement, the speed and energy of the particle can be inferred by analyzing the spectrum of the Cherenkov radiation light signal.

[0156] Statistical algorithms, such as the least squares method and maximum likelihood estimation, can be used to fit beam parameters, such as position, intensity, and ray angle, from multiple signals.

[0157] Machine learning, such as neural networks and support vector machines, can be used to analyze the complex relationship between signals and physical parameters. By training models, highly accurate parameter reconstruction can be achieved.

[0158] The benefits of this approach are: by implementing a signal processing module for digital signal processing, noise in analog signals can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved, and thus measurement accuracy can be enhanced. Compared to analog signals, digital signals can be more easily compressed and stored, saving storage space and improving data management efficiency. Digital signals can also be processed more quickly than analog signals, resulting in lower latency and better performance in real-time beam measurement. Compared to analog signals, digital signals can be processed using computers and other devices, applying various algorithms and techniques such as filtering, Fourier transforms, and pattern recognition to achieve more complex signal analysis and processing. Digital signals can be transmitted to remote locations more stably and accurately and can withstand interference and distortion during transmission, whereas analog signals may be subject to signal loss and deformation.

[0159] In summary, through digital signal processing and information reconstruction, more accurate and multi-parameter beam physics information can be obtained, which will help technicians advance their experimental research.

[0160] The beam is measured by reconstructing physical information of the beam according to the digital signal. The physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information, and beam spot shape information.

[0161] Among them, beam dose refers to the radiation dose deposited by the charged particles of the beam (such as protons or carbon ions) within a specific volume. Radiation dose refers to the amount of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue, usually expressed in units of gray (Gy). Beam dose represents the energy released by the charged particle pulse within the target tissue, which is crucial to the effectiveness and impact of the treatment. Calculating and controlling beam dose is a key part of ensuring the accuracy and safety of treatment. By measuring information such as light intensity, it is possible to estimate the dose delivered by the charged particle pulse, that is, the degree to which the energy of the particles is deposited into the material.

[0162] Beam energy refers to the kinetic energy of particles in a charged particle pulse. For radiotherapy, energy is the key property transferred to tissue as a charged particle pulse passes through it. The energy of a charged particle pulse determines its penetration and therapeutic efficacy. It can be argued that high-energy particles can penetrate deep tissue to reach tumors, while low-energy particles are more suitable for treating superficial tumors. Obtaining the beam spot position can be used to infer the light emission angle, thereby further deriving information about the beam energy. When Cherenkov radiation propagates through a Cherenkov detector, it forms a spot on a pixel detector array. The spot position can be detected and recorded by the pixel detector array. The spot position and the position of the radiator's end face can be used to calculate the refraction angle of the radiation emitted by the radiator into air. By incorporating the refractive indices of air and the radiator, the law of refraction can be used to determine the emission angle of the Cherenkov radiation emitted by the incident particle, and thus the particle velocity and energy information.

[0163] The beam position can be determined based on the triggering time differences between array elements. The basic process involves comparing the triggering times of previous elements in the optical signal collection array to find the earliest triggered element. By combining this information with information from adjacent arrays, the two-dimensional coordinates of the beam's incident position can be determined, effectively defining the beam's impact position.

[0164] The beam spot size (size) of a beam refers to the lateral size or cross-sectional size of a charged particle beam, and describes the spatial distribution of the beam in the lateral direction. Based on the above-mentioned beam dose and beam position, the beam spot size information and beam spot shape information can be obtained to know the beam spot size and shape of the beam. Specifically, by measuring the dose of the beam at different positions, the lateral distribution of the beam can be determined. When the dose changes with position, the size of the beam spot can be inferred. Generally, the high-dose area represents the center of the beam, while the low-dose area represents the edge of the beam. At the same time, the measurement of the beam position can provide position information of the beam in the longitudinal and lateral directions. By comparing the beam positions at different positions, the degree of eccentricity of the beam can be understood, thereby extracting the shape of the beam spot. For example, the beam spot size information can be 1.1 mm, 1.3 mm, or 4 mm, etc. The beam spot shape information is used to indicate whether the shape of the beam spot is circular, elliptical, or irregular, etc.

[0165] In a specific application scenario, an embodiment of the present application further provides a beam flow measurement device for measuring the beam flow output by an accelerator, the device comprising:

[0166] a Cerenkov detector, configured to receive the beam and output an analog signal;

[0167] A signal processing module, configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal and output the digital signal;

[0168] An information reconstruction module is used to reconstruct physical information of the beam according to the digital signal to measure the beam, wherein the physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information, and beam spot shape information.

[0169] Wherein, the Cherenkov detector comprises:

[0170] a Cherenkov radiator, the Cherenkov radiator being disposed in a path of the beam and configured to receive the beam to generate Cherenkov radiation light that propagates in the Cherenkov radiator; the direction of the beam intersects a receiving surface of the Cherenkov radiator, and the Cherenkov radiation light serves as an optical signal for measurement; the Cherenkov radiator being a cube;

[0171] An optical signal collection array, disposed in the optical path of the Cherenkov radiation, configured to collect the Cherenkov radiation and output analog signals indicating the intensity, spot location, and trigger time of the Cherenkov radiation at different locations on the optical signal collection array. The optical signal collection array is positioned at a distance from the Cherenkov radiator of 1 cm to 10 cm, and is disposed opposite at least two adjacent side surfaces of the Cherenkov radiator.

[0172] A light shield is disposed between the optical signal collection array and the Cerenkov radiator, and is configured to form a light-shielding space in the optical path of the Cerenkov radiation light between the optical signal collection array and the Cerenkov radiator. The light shield can also be, for example, a room that is opaque to the outside world and can accommodate the Cerenkov radiator and the optical signal collection array. The light-shielding space is the interior space of the room, preventing external light from interfering with the transmission of optical signals between the signal collection array and the Cerenkov radiator, thereby improving the accuracy of the optical signal collection array.

[0173] The Cherenkov radiator includes:

[0174] One or more radiator units, each radiator unit having a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other, the radiator unit being configured to receive the beam through the top surface and generate Cherenkov radiation light;

[0175] And opaque reflective coatings are respectively arranged on the bottom and top surfaces of the radiator unit, the opaque reflective coatings are used to prevent the Cherenkov radiation light from passing through the top and bottom surfaces, and transmit the Cherenkov radiation light to the optical signal collection array in a mirror reflection manner.

[0176] For each radiator unit:

[0177] The thickness of the opaque reflective coating is in the range of 0.3 μm to 6 μm; and / or,

[0178] The component of the opaque reflective coating includes opaque metal; and / or,

[0179] The thickness of the radiator unit ranges from 0.2 cm to 8 cm; and / or,

[0180] The radiator unit is made of optical lead glass or optical organic glass.

[0181] The optical signal collection array includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged in an array, and the plurality of photoelectric conversion units are respectively used to receive the Cherenkov radiation light and output corresponding analog signals.

[0182] The plurality of photoelectric conversion units respectively include one or more of an optical fiber bundle, a photoresistor, a photodiode and a phototransistor.

[0183] The above-mentioned beam flow measurement device has the following beneficial effects:

[0184] 1. The signal collection array is not directly exposed to charged particles and has a long service life.

[0185] The lifespan of a Cherenkov detector depends largely on the environment in which it is used and the level of radiation it is exposed to. In applications where it is not directly exposed to high-energy charged particles, the signal collection array of a Cherenkov detector can have a longer lifespan. Cherenkov radiators convert the charged particle pulses of a beam into optical signals (e.g., ultraviolet light), which are more suitable for detection by the optical signal collection array.

[0186] Therefore, using Cherenkov radiation for indirect detection can provide a certain degree of isolation protection and reduce the risk of charged particle pulses damaging the signal collection array.

[0187] 2. The main body of the beam flow measurement device is an optical system, which reduces high-voltage power supply.

[0188] The high-voltage power supply commonly used in related technologies is to create an electric field in the detector, which helps orient particles within the detector and guide them to sensitive areas, improving the detector's sensitivity and enabling it to more effectively capture particle signals. A sufficiently large potential difference is created between the electrons and the charges generated at the corresponding ionization sites, preventing repeated collisions and ensuring the accuracy and distinguishability of the signal. This technical solution fundamentally solves this problem by requiring only a high-voltage power supply for the optical signal collection array.

[0189] 3. The Cherenkov radiator can be disassembled and replaced independently.

[0190] As one of the core components of the Cherenkov detector, the Cherenkov radiator can be damaged, aged, or suffer other problems during use. Designing the Cherenkov radiator to be independently removable and replaceable makes it easier for maintenance personnel to repair and maintain it without having to dismantle the entire Cherenkov detector.

[0191] Furthermore, because the refractive index of the Cherenkov radiator is related to particle type and beam energy, and its dispersion and transparency are linked to the detector's precision and performance, different particle types may require different Cherenkov radiator materials or structures. Removable and replaceable Cherenkov radiators allow for performance optimization or adaptation to different application conditions without having to redesign the entire Cherenkov detector.

[0192] Method embodiment.

[0193] Referring to FIG. 8 , FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a beam flux measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0194] An embodiment of the present application provides a beam flux measurement method for measuring the beam flux output by an accelerator using any of the beam flux measurement devices described above, the method comprising:

[0195] S101, receiving the beam through a Cerenkov detector and outputting an analog signal; wherein the Cerenkov detector is arranged in the direction of the beam, and the direction of the beam intersects the direction of the optical signal;

[0196] S102, converting the analog signal into a digital signal through a signal processing module and outputting the digital signal;

[0197] S103, measuring the beam by reconstructing the physical information of the beam according to the digital signal through an information reconstruction module; the physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information, and beam spot shape information.

[0198] This method aims to measure the beam current output by an accelerator in real time using a beam current measurement device including a Cherenkov detector. The specific embodiments thereof are consistent with the embodiments and technical effects described in the above-mentioned detector and device embodiments, and some details are omitted for brevity.

[0199] When a beam passes through a Cherenkov detector, the charged particles therein lose energy and produce Cherenkov radiation. Cherenkov radiation generates a light signal, and characteristics such as the intensity and distribution of the light signal can be used to infer information such as the energy and trajectory of the beam. Compared to related methods that directly apply a high-speed beam to a detector, this method uses the light signal generated by Cherenkov radiation for measurement. The generation of the light signal is a rapid process and does not cause high-energy damage like when high-speed charged particles (i.e., beams) directly hit the detector surface. Therefore, the method provided in this embodiment can achieve real-time measurement of the accelerator output beam to monitor beam performance and characteristics.

[0200] In some embodiments, the Cherenkov radiator includes one or more radiator units, each radiator unit having a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other, and the radiator unit is configured to receive the beam through the top surface and generate Cherenkov radiation light;

[0201] The step of receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal comprises:

[0202] Using one or more radiator units in the Cherenkov radiator to receive the beam and generate Cherenkov radiation light;

[0203] The opaque reflective coatings provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the radiator unit generating the Cerenkov radiation light prevent the Cerenkov radiation light from penetrating and transmit the Cerenkov radiation light to the optical signal collection array in a mirror reflection manner.

[0204] In some embodiments, the step of receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal further includes:

[0205] The Cherenkov radiation light is received by a signal collection array and an analog signal is output. The analog signal is used to indicate the light intensity, light spot position and trigger time of the light signal at different positions of the light signal collection array.

[0206] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0207] diagnosing the accelerator according to the physical information and preset beam setting parameters;

[0208] When the diagnosis result indicates that the beam setting parameters of the accelerator need to be adjusted, inputting the beam setting parameters into a beam adjustment model to obtain the beam adjustment parameters of the accelerator;

[0209] updating the beam setting parameters using the beam adjustment parameters;

[0210] The beam adjustment model is obtained by training a preset deep learning model using a training set.

[0211] Based on the physical information obtained from the information reconstruction module, the performance of the accelerator can be measured. The physical information may include parameters such as beam dose, energy, position and angle that reflect the state of the beam released by the accelerator. By comparing with the pre-set beam setting parameters, the measurement results can indicate whether the beam setting parameters of the current accelerator need to be adjusted to achieve better performance. The beam setting parameters can be considered to involve settings such as the energy, intensity, and focus of the beam. Based on the calculation of the beam adjustment model, the beam adjustment parameters can be obtained, and the beam adjustment parameters are used to optimize the performance of the beam. The beam adjustment parameters, for example, involve adjustments to the magnetic field strength, focuser settings, acceleration voltage, etc. In specific applications, the obtained beam adjustment parameters can be input into the control system of the accelerator to automatically update and adjust the beam setting parameters of the accelerator.

[0212] The benefit of this approach is that real-time measurement and adjustment can automatically optimize the accelerator's beam performance, thereby improving beam accuracy and reliability. By real-time monitoring and making adjustments based on the situation, the accelerator can continuously maintain optimal performance during operation.

[0213] Beam setting parameters refer to adjustable parameters that affect the propagation of the beam within the accelerator. Adjustment of these parameters can affect the beam's characteristics, trajectory, energy, intensity, and more. In specific applications, beam setting parameters can be optimized based on specific experiments, applications, or objectives to ensure that the beam achieves the desired performance during acceleration.

[0214] As an example, for a particle accelerator, beam setup parameters might include:

[0215] Acceleration voltage and frequency: These are the parameters used to provide energy to particles in an accelerator. By adjusting the acceleration voltage and frequency, the energy of the particles can be changed, thereby affecting the speed and trajectory of the beam released by the accelerator. Generally speaking, the unit of acceleration voltage is volts (V) and the unit of acceleration frequency is hertz (Hz). Different types of accelerators may use different acceleration voltages and frequencies. For example, linear accelerators typically use high voltages (hundreds of kilovolts to hundreds of megavolts) and high frequencies (hundreds of megahertz to several gigahertz), while cyclotron accelerators typically use low voltages (several kilovolts to hundreds of kilovolts) and low frequencies (tens of hertz to several kilohertz).

[0216] Magnetic field settings: Adjusting the strength and direction of the magnetic field can affect the focus, bunching, and transmission efficiency of the beam released by the accelerator. Generally, the unit of magnetic field is Tesla (T), and the range of magnetic field depends on the type, energy, and radius of particle movement. For example, for proton beams, the magnetic field can range from a few milliteslas to tens of teslas, while for electron beams, the magnetic field can range from a few microteslas to several teslas.

[0217] Injection parameters: Adjusting these parameters can influence the initial characteristics of the beam released by the accelerator and is crucial for maintaining the stability and consistency of the charged particle pulse flow. Generally speaking, injection parameters include injection position, injection angle, injection time, and injection phase. These parameters must be compatible with the accelerator's structure and operating mode to achieve efficient and safe injection.

[0218] Focuser settings: By adjusting the focuser parameters, beam compression, focusing, and transmission can be achieved. Generally speaking, focuser settings include focuser type, position, number, intensity, polarity, etc. These parameters need to be optimized based on the horizontal and vertical distribution of the beam to achieve the best focusing effect.

[0219] Cooling parameters: The cooling system helps control the temperature and stability of the beam released by a high-energy accelerator. Adjusting the cooling parameters can optimize the beam's thermodynamic properties. Generally speaking, these parameters include the cooling medium, cooling method, cooling temperature, and cooling time. These parameters need to be adjusted based on the beam's energy loss and thermal stability to achieve optimal cooling.

[0220] By adjusting the above beam setting parameters, the accelerator performance can be optimized to meet specific experimental, application or research goals.

[0221] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of deep learning model, and various types of deep learning models can be used to train the beam adjustment model. For example, the following are examples:

[0222] Convolutional Neural Network (CNN): A convolutional neural network is used to train the beam adjustment model. It can take multiple sample beam information (such as energy, position, angle, etc.) as input, then extract features through multiple convolutional layers and pooling layers, and finally output predictions related to the beam adjustment parameters.

[0223] Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Recurrent neural networks can be used to adapt beam adjustment parameters to time series variations. RNNs are suitable for sequential data and can capture time-dependent information. By inputting beam information over a series of time steps into an RNN, the RNN can learn how beam characteristics change over time and predict the parameters that need adjustment.

[0224] Generative Adversarial Network (GAN): Used to generate data that meets specific beam characteristics, thereby assisting in training the beam adjustment model. The generator network can generate beam data with different beam parameters, and the discriminator network can evaluate the authenticity of the generated data. Through the game of generation and discrimination, the beam adjustment model can be optimized.

[0225] Ensemble models: You can use multiple deep learning models of different types to ensemble to achieve better performance and prediction accuracy.

[0226] The beam adjustment model in the embodiments of this application can select an appropriate deep learning model type based on the specific situation to achieve prediction and adjustment of beam parameters. Different types of deep learning models can be effective in different application scenarios. Selecting the appropriate model type will help to obtain more accurate beam adjustment predictions.

[0227] As an example, the method of beam flux measurement includes the following steps:

[0228] The charged particle pulse is received by a Cherenkov radiator and an optical signal is generated.

[0229] The optical signal is received by the signal collection array and an analog signal is output.

[0230] The analog-to-digital conversion module receives analog signals and outputs digital signals.

[0231] The physical information reconstruction module receives the digital signal and reconstructs the physical information.

[0232] Electronic device embodiments.

[0233] The embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, the specific embodiment of which is consistent with the embodiment described in the above method embodiment and the technical effects achieved, and some contents will not be repeated here.

[0234] The electronic device is used to measure the beam current output by the accelerator using any of the beam current measurement devices described above. The electronic device includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory stores a computer program. The one or more processors are configured to implement the steps in the method embodiment when executing the computer program.

[0235] Refer to FIG9 , which is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0236] The electronic device 10 may include, for example, one or more memories 11 , one or more processors 12 , and a bus 13 connecting different platform systems.

[0237] The memory 11 may include (computer) readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 111 and / or cache memory 112, and may further include read-only memory (ROM) 113. The memory 11 also stores a computer program, which can be executed by the processor 12, causing the processor 12 to implement the steps of any of the above methods. The memory 11 may also include a utility 114 having one or more program modules 115. Such program modules 115 include, but are not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of these examples, or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0238] Accordingly, the processor 12 may execute the aforementioned computer program and the utility 114. The processor 12 may be implemented as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), DSPs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other electronic components.

[0239] The bus 13 may represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, a processor, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

[0240] The electronic device 10 may also communicate with one or more external devices, such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a Bluetooth device, or the like, as well as one or more devices capable of interacting with the electronic device 10, and / or any device that enables the electronic device 10 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., a router, a modem, etc.). Such communication may be performed via an input / output interface 14. Furthermore, the electronic device 10 may also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network, such as the Internet) via a network adapter 15. The network adapter 15 may communicate with other modules of the electronic device 10 via the bus 13. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figures, other hardware and / or software modules may be used in conjunction with the electronic device 10 in actual applications, including but not limited to microcode, device drivers, redundant processors, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage platforms.

[0241] Computer readable storage medium embodiments.

[0242] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the specific embodiment of which is consistent with the embodiment described in the above method embodiment and the technical effects achieved, and some contents will not be repeated here.

[0243] The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the computer program implements the steps of any of the above methods or implements the functions of any of the above electronic devices.

[0244] The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. In an embodiment of the present application, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by an instruction execution system, device or device or used in combination with it. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor system, device or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0245] A computer-readable storage medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying readable program code. This propagated data signal may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium may also be any computer-readable medium that can transmit, propagate, or transfer a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical cable, RF, or any suitable combination thereof. The program code used to perform the operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including Java, C++, Python, C#, JavaScript, PHP, Ruby, Swift, Go, Kotlin, and others. The program code may be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. Where a remote computing device is involved, the remote computing device may be connected to the user device through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., through the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0246] FLASH therapy system embodiment.

[0247] The present application also provides a FLASH therapy system, comprising an accelerator for generating a beam, a beam flow measurement device as described in the apparatus embodiment, and an electronic device as described in the electronic device embodiment. The specific embodiments and technical effects achieved by the system are consistent with those described in the above embodiments, and some details are not repeated here.

[0248] For ease of understanding, refer to FIG10 , which is a working block diagram of a FLASH treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0249] In a specific application, a particle accelerator is used to generate a beam, which passes through a real-time dose monitoring device, a carbide absorber and a collimator, and then sequentially passes through a shielding device, a position adjustment device, a beam flow measurement device (i.e., the beam flow measurement device of the present application) and a Faraday cup.

[0250] Among them, the particle accelerator can adopt an equipotential cyclotron or a synchrotron cyclotron. The real-time dose monitoring device can be a real-time dose ionization chamber, which can monitor and test the dose size of the beam online and provide rapid feedback. The carbide absorber is used to adjust the energy range drawn out by the accelerator according to the tumor information of the target object (such as a patient). The collimator is used to calibrate the beam generated by the absorber that has undergone large-angle Coulomb scattering. The shielding facility is a facility that includes a shielding cabin, and the position adjustment device is, for example, a treatment bed of the target object for adjusting the position. The Faraday cup can measure the beam size after passing through the patient or experimental animal and collect and block excess beams.

[0251] Computer program product embodiments.

[0252] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, the specific embodiments of which are consistent with the embodiments described in the above method embodiments and the technical effects achieved, and some contents will not be repeated here.

[0253] The computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the computer program implements the steps of any of the above methods or implements the functions of any of the above electronic devices.

[0254] See Figure 11, which is a structural diagram of a computer program product provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0255] The computer program product is used to implement the steps of any of the above methods or to implement the functions of any of the above electronic devices. The computer program product may be a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may be run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the computer program product of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the computer program product may be any combination of one or more computer-readable media.

[0256] It should be noted that, in the above embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c or a and b and c, where a, b and c can be single or multiple. It is worth noting that "at least one" can also be interpreted as "one or more items". In addition, the terms "comprises" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or apparatus.

[0257] This application is explained from the perspectives of purpose of use, effectiveness, progress and novelty. The above description and drawings of this application are only preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Therefore, all structures, devices, features, etc. that are similar or identical to those of this application, that is, all equivalent replacements or modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of this application, should fall within the scope of protection of the patent application of this application.

Claims

1. A Cherenkov detector, comprising: A Cherenkov radiator, the Cherenkov radiator being arranged on a path of the beam and being irradiated by the beam to generate Cherenkov radiation light propagating in the Cherenkov radiator; the direction of the beam intersects with a receiving surface of the Cherenkov radiator, and the Cherenkov radiation light is used as an optical signal for measurement; An optical signal collection array, which is arranged on the optical path of the Cherenkov radiation light and is not directly irradiated by the beam, and is used to collect the Cherenkov radiation light and output an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is used to indicate the light intensity, spot position and trigger time of the Cherenkov radiation light at different positions of the optical signal collection array; A light shield is used to form a light-shielding space on the optical path of the Cherenkov radiation light between the optical signal collection array and the Cherenkov radiator.

2. The Cherenkov detector according to claim 1, further comprising: A frame is provided with a light-proof channel for accommodating the optical signal collecting array so that it is not directly irradiated by the beam.

3. The Cherenkov detector according to claim 2, wherein: The Cherenkov radiator is provided with a docking end close to the optical signal collection array, and a light-proof reflective coating is provided on the portion of the Cherenkov radiator not shielded by the frame to make it light-proof, and the Cherenkov radiation light is transmitted to the optical signal collection array by mirror reflection. The portion of the Cherenkov radiator not provided with the light-proof reflective coating extends into the light-proof channel and is shielded by the frame to make it light-proof.

4. The Cherenkov detector according to claim 1, wherein: The Cherenkov radiator comprises: One or more radiator units, each radiator unit having a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other, the radiator unit being used to receive the beam through the top surface and generate Cherenkov radiation light; And opaque reflective coatings are respectively arranged on the bottom surface and the top surface of the radiator unit, and the opaque reflective coatings are used to prevent Cherenkov radiation light from penetrating through the top surface and the bottom surface.

5. The Cherenkov detector according to claim 1, wherein: The optical signal collection array includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged in an array, and the plurality of photoelectric conversion units are respectively used to receive the Cherenkov radiation light and output corresponding analog signals; Wherein, the photoelectric conversion unit of the optical signal collection array is any one of the following: optical fiber bundle, photoresistor, photodiode and phototransistor.

6. The Cherenkov detector according to claim 5, wherein: The optical signal collection array and the butt end of the Cherenkov radiator are spaced apart along the optical path direction of the Cherenkov radiation light.

7. The Cherenkov detector according to claim 6, wherein: The optical signal collection array is arranged in at least two non-parallel optical path directions of the Cherenkov radiation light.

8. The Cherenkov detector according to claim 7, wherein: The Cherenkov radiator is a cube, and the Cherenkov radiator is composed of a plurality of radiator units; The radiator unit is a cuboid, and the side surfaces and the end surfaces not facing the optical signal collection array of the radiator unit are provided with opaque reflective coatings. The long sides of a plurality of radiator units are closely arranged adjacent to each other to form the Cherenkov radiator.

9. A beam current measuring device for measuring the beam current output by an accelerator, the device comprising: The Cherenkov detector according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the Cherenkov detector is used to receive the beam and output an analog signal; A signal processing module, the signal processing module is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal and output it; An information reconstruction module is used to reconstruct the physical information of the beam according to the digital signal to measure the beam, wherein the physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information and beam spot shape information.

10. A beam flow measurement method, wherein: The method for measuring the beam current output by the accelerator by using the beam current measuring device according to claim 9 comprises: receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal; Convert the analog signal into a digital signal through a signal processing module and output it; The beam is measured by reconstructing the physical information of the beam according to the digital signal through an information reconstruction module, wherein the physical information includes one or more combinations of the following: beam dose, beam energy, beam position, beam spot size information and beam spot shape information.

11. The beam flow measurement method according to claim 10, wherein: The Cherenkov radiator comprises one or more radiator units, each of which has a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite to each other, and the radiator unit is used to receive the beam through the top surface and generate Cherenkov radiation light; The step of receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal comprises: Using one or more radiator units in the Cherenkov radiator to receive the beam and generate Cherenkov radiation light; The opaque reflective coatings disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the radiator unit generating the Cherenkov radiation light are used to prevent the Cherenkov radiation light from penetrating and transmit the Cherenkov radiation light to the optical signal collection array in a mirror reflection manner.

12. The beam flow measurement method according to claim 11, wherein: The method of receiving the beam through a Cherenkov detector and outputting an analog signal also includes: The Cherenkov radiation light is received by a signal collection array and an analog signal is output, wherein the analog signal is used to indicate the light intensity, light spot position and trigger time of the light signal at different positions of the light signal collection array.

13. The beam flow measurement method according to claim 12, wherein: The method further comprises: diagnosing the accelerator according to the physical information and preset beam setting parameters; When the diagnosis result indicates that the beam setting parameters of the accelerator need to be adjusted, inputting the beam setting parameters into a beam adjustment model to obtain the beam adjustment parameters of the accelerator; Updating the beam setting parameters using the beam adjustment parameters; The beam adjustment model is obtained by training a preset deep learning model using a training set.

14. An electronic device comprising a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory so that the electronic device executes the method as described in any one of claims 10-13. 15 . A FLASH treatment system, comprising an accelerator for generating a beam and the beam flow measuring device according to claim 9 .

16. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by one or more processors, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 10 to 13.

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