Device and power control method

Abstract

This device is lower in complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and comprises: a control unit that determines the power of an uplink signal; and a transmission unit that transmits the uplink signal on the basis of the determined power. The control unit determines the power by using a parameter notified from a network, a measurement value measured by the device, and a parameter related to a communication characteristic of the device.

Description

Device and power control method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a device and a power control method.

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies that satisfy requirements such as a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption are being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, 3GPP (registered trademark) Release 18 is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption.

[0004] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12)"New SID: Study on Ambient IoT ", RP-222685, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #97-e, September 20223GPP TR 38.848 V0.1.0 (2023-03)3GPP TS 36.211 V16.7.0 (2021-09)3GPP TS 38.213 V17.6.0 (2023-06)3GPP TS 38.101-1 V18.2.0 (2023-06)3GPP TS 36.213 V17.5.0 (2023-03)3GPP TS 36.101 V18.2.0 (2023-06)

[0005] However, the handling of power control in ambient IoT has not been sufficiently studied, and further study is required.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a device and a power control method that can appropriately perform power control in ambient IoT.

[0007] A device according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a device of lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and comprises a control unit that determines the power of an uplink signal, and a transmission unit that transmits the uplink signal based on the power, wherein the control unit determines the power using parameters notified from a network, measurement values ​​measured by the device, and parameters related to communication characteristics of the device.

[0008] A power control method according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a power control method for a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, which determines the power of an uplink signal, transmits the uplink signal based on the power, and determines the power using parameters notified from a network, measurements taken by the device, and parameters related to communication characteristics of the device.

[0009] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL support. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating UL power control in NR. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating PCMAX. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating power classes. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating UL power control in NB-IoT. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating PCMAX. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating power classes. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating levels associated with each value range. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 4: Reporting method: Alt. 1. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 4: Reporting method: Alt. 2. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating open-loop power control. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating simplified parameters. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating closed-loop power control. FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a device according to an embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a vehicle.

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0011] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. However, the existing technologies are, for example, but not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR) unless otherwise specified.

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily referred to as "NR-".

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station or a terminal including a device are set.

[0015] <System Configuration> Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system includes a base station 10 and a device 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one device 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each. The device 20 may be an ambient IoT device.

[0016] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks.

[0017] The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the device 20. The base station 10 transmits a control signal and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives a control signal and data from the device 20 via UL (Uplink).

[0018] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes and / or assisting nodes (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Hereinafter, "and / or" may be simply written as " / ".

[0019] <Ambient IoT> Release-18 approved a study on ambient IoT, which is even lower-end than the existing Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT: see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0020] For Ambient IoT, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics can be considered for the relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment Connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes communicate with Ambient IoT devices, such as base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters Duplexing method, TDD or FDD, licensed or unlicensed frequency band Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies Assumptions of traffic originating from / terminating to the device

[0021] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: Power consumption Complexity Coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0022] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0023] <Device Types and Topologies> Based on the results of the study item, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A does not have energy storage and does not have independent signal generation and signal amplification functions. Device A performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage and does not have independent signal generation functions. Device B performs backscattering transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage and has independent signal generation functions. That is, Device C has an active RF component for transmission.

[0024] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

[0025] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 for ambient IoT networks.

[0026] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0027] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.

[0028] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Fig. 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0029] The support node supports DL communication. For example, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits them to the ambient IoT device, as shown in Figure 4. For UL signals, the ambient IoT device transmits directly to the base station.

[0030] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Fig. 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0031] The support node supports UL communication. For example, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits them to the base station, as shown in Figure 5. For DL ​​signals, the ambient IoT device receives directly from the base station.

[0032] The support node shown in Figures 4 and 5 may send out a carrier wave for the ambient IoT device to generate backscatter. The support node may be, for example, a relay, an IAB node, a UE, or a repeater.

[0033] Figure 6 illustrates Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates with the UE bidirectionally. Topology 4 can also be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0034] In the above Topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0035] Backscatter Transmission: Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices that are activated and obtain power from the RF operating field from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0036] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of its own antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0037] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0038] In the UL of NR, power control based on open loop and closed loop is supported. The power control equation for the PUSCH (the power control equation for the UL data channel) is shown in equation (1) in Figure 8 (Section 7.1.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The terminal controls the power of the PUSCH based on equation (1).

[0039] The underlined term A8a in equation (1) represents power control based on an open loop, and the underlined term A8b in equation (1) represents power control based on a closed loop.

[0040] The open-loop term may be considered as the power calculated by the terminal based on the parameters and measurements under "where" shown in Figure 8. The closed-loop term may be considered as the power controlled (feedback) by the network. The closed-loop term is determined, for example, based on the Transmit Power Control (TCP) command provided by the DCI.

[0041] As shown in equation (1), the terminalCMAX and the power based on the open loop and the closed loop, whichever is smaller, are adopted as the power of the PUSCH. CMAX is the "UE configured maximum transmission power", and the terminal CMAX The power of the PUSCH is controlled so that it does not exceed P CMAX It is sometimes referred to as PCMAX.

[0042] PCMAX is set so that the terminal's transmit power satisfies the requirements defined in the specifications. PCMAX has upper and lower limit values ​​as shown in equation (2a) of Figure 9. The upper limit value is shown in equation (2b) of Figure 9, and the lower limit value is shown in equation (2c) of Figure 9 (Section 6.2.4 of Non-Patent Document 6). The terminal sets PCMAX within the range of the upper and lower limit values ​​shown in equations (2b) and (2c), and reports the set PCMAX to the network.

[0043] The upper and lower limits are determined by the formula (2b) and formula (2c), respectively. PowerClass and P EMAX Including. P PowerClass is the maximum UE output power as defined in the specification. PowerClass As shown in FIG. 10, Class 1 to Class 3 are defined (Table 6.2.1-1 in Non-Patent Document 6).

[0044] P EMAX is provided by the network as a higher layer parameter. Therefore, the range of PCMAX set by the terminal can be controlled by the network side. Note that P included in equations (2b) and (2c) PowerClass and P EMAX The parameters other than P relate to the power reduction that the terminal can apply. EMAX is sometimes written as PEMAX.

[0045] In the UL of NB-IoT, open-loop power control is supported, but closed-loop power control is not supported. The power control equation for the PUSCH (the power control equation for the UL data channel) is shown in equation (3) in Figure 11 (Section 16.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 7). The NB-IoT device controls the power of the PUSCH based on equation (3).

[0046] The underlined term A11a in equation (3) represents power control based on an open loop. The open loop term may be considered as power calculated by the NB-IoT device based on the parameters and measurements below "where" shown in Fig. 8. As described above, NB-IoT does not support power control based on a closed loop, and therefore power control (feedback) from the network is not performed.

[0047] As shown in equation (3), the NB-IoT device adopts the smaller of PCMAX and the power based on the open loop as the power of the PUSCH. PCMAX is the "UE configured maximum transmission power," and the NB-IoT device controls the power of the PUSCH within a range that does not exceed PCMAX.

[0048] In NB-IoT, a special case is provided: when the repetition number is greater than 2, power control is performed based on the following equation (4). In other words, when the repetition rate is greater than 2, the transmission power of the PUSCH becomes the maximum transmission power (PCMAX) set by the NB-IoT device in order to ensure coverage.

[0049] PCMAX is set so that the transmit power of the NB-IoT device satisfies the requirements defined in the specifications. PCMAX has an upper and lower limit as shown in equation (5a) of Figure 12. The upper limit is shown in equation (5b) of Figure 12, and the lower limit is shown in equation (5c) of Figure 12 (Section 6.2.5F of Non-Patent Document 8). The NB-IoT device sets PCMAX within the range of the upper and lower limit values ​​shown in equations (5b) and (5c), and reports the set PCMAX to the network.

[0050] The upper and lower limits are determined by the formulas (5b) and (5c), respectively. PowerClass and P EMAX Including. P PowerClass is the maximum output power defined in the specification. PowerClass As shown in FIG. 13, classes 3 to 6 are defined (see table 6.2.2F-1 in Non-Patent Document 8).

[0051] PEMAX is provided by the network as a higher layer parameter. Therefore, the range of PCMAX set by the NB-IoT device can be controlled by the network side. Note that P PowerClass and P EMAX The parameters other than relate to the power reduction that the NB-IoT device can apply.

[0052] Hereinafter, the ambient IoT may be referred to as A-IoT. Also, hereinafter, a network may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and a terminal (UE in Topology 4).

[0053] <Analysis> A-IoT targets IoT technologies that rely on ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices for very low-end IoT applications.

[0054] As such, A-IoT devices are expected to have lower complexity, lower power consumption, and lower data rates than NB-IoT, and A-IoT is expected to rely on narrowband transmissions, just like NB-IoT.

[0055] Analysis 1: For A-IoT devices with the above characteristics, the power class (P PowerClass There has been no concrete discussion on how to define PCMAX (UE configured maximum power). As a result, A-IoT devices are unable to properly perform power control.

[0056] Therefore, in this disclosure, a technology related to power classes in A-IoT is provided in Proposal 1. In this disclosure, a technology related to PCMAX in A-IoT is provided in Proposal 2.

[0057] Analysis 2: As explained in the section <Device Types and Topologies> above, Device A (A-IoT Device of Device Type A) does not have power storage. The maximum UL transmission (backscattering transmission) power that an A-IoT device of Device Type A can transmit depends on energy harvesting from DL reception. Note that energy harvesting may also be referred to as energy harvesting.

[0058] The energy conversion loss in an A-IoT device depends on the efficiency of energy harvesting from DL reception, and the efficiency of energy harvesting may depend on the A-IoT device. Therefore, the network may not be able to properly perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type A. For example, if the network performs power control without understanding (recognizing) the efficiency of the A-IoT device's energy harvesting, the UL transmission power of the A-IoT device may be too high or too low.

[0059] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 3, a technology is provided that enables a network to appropriately perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type A.

[0060] Analysis 3: As explained in the section on Device Types and Topologies above, Device B (an A-IoT device of Device Type B) has power storage. The power storage is used to amplify backscattered signals. The maximum UL Tx power that an A-IoT device of Device Type B can transmit depends on the energy harvesting and amplification from DL reception.

[0061] The energy conversion loss in an A-IoT device depends on the efficiency of energy harvesting from DL reception, and the efficiency of energy harvesting may depend on the A-IoT device. In addition, the amplification gain may depend on the A-IoT device. Therefore, the network may not be able to properly perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type B. For example, if the network performs power control without understanding the A-IoT device's energy harvesting efficiency / amplification gain, the A-IoT device's UL transmission power may be too high or too low.

[0062] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 4, a technology is provided that enables a network to appropriately perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type B.

[0063] Analysis 4: No specific study has been conducted on how UL power control is performed in A-IoT devices. For example, no study has been conducted on whether UL power control is performed based on open loop or closed loop. Furthermore, no study has been conducted on how to control the amplification gain in device type B. As a result, A-IoT devices are unable to properly perform UL power control.

[0064] Therefore, in this disclosure, Proposal 5 and Proposal 6 provide techniques related to methods of UL power control in A-IoT.

[0065] <Proposal 1> Proposal 1 relates to power classes in A-IoT. Power classes in A-IoT may be referred to as A-IoT power classes or A-IoT UE power classes.

[0066] The power class in A-IoT defines the maximum output power of an A-IoT device. The power class in A-IoT may be defined for each band, similar to the NR power class shown in Figure 10 and the NB-IoT power class shown in Figure 13. The power class in A-IoT may be defined in the specification.

[0067] The maximum output power of an A-IoT device is defined as the average power over a measurement period, which may be defined in the specification and may be, for example, 1 ms or X ms (X: any value).

[0068] The same measurement period may be defined for A-IoT devices of different device types. Alternatively, different measurement periods may be defined for A-IoT devices of different device types. Alternatively, the same measurement period may be defined for A-IoT devices of two of the three device types, and a different measurement period may be defined for A-IoT devices of the remaining device type. For example, the same measurement period may be defined for devices B and C that have storage, and a different measurement period may be defined for device A that does not have storage.

[0069] For each of device type A, type B, or type C, one or more power classes may be defined.

[0070] Regarding the power class relationship between device type A, type B, or type C, the following <Proposal 1: Option 1> is provided. Regarding the power class relationship between A-IoT devices and normal NR UE / NR Redcap UE, the following <Proposal 1: Option 2> is provided. Regarding power class reporting, the following <Proposal 1: Option 3> is provided. Note that Redcap stands for Reduced Capability. A normal NR UE may be, for example, an existing NR UE other than an A-IoT device or NR Redcap UE.

[0071] <Proposal 1: Option 1> Regarding the power class relationship between device type A, type B, or type C, the following Alt. 1 to Alt. 3 are provided.

[0072] <Proposal 1: Option 1: Alt.1> A different power class is defined for each of device type A, type B, and type C.

[0073] <Proposal 1: Option 1: Alt.2>

[0074] The same power class may be defined and used for two or more device types.

[0075] <Proposal 1: Option 1: Alt.3> A power class is defined that combines <Proposal 1: Option 1: Alt.1> and <Proposal 1: Option 1: Alt.2>.

[0076] For example, power class X is defined for A-IoT devices of device type A, power classes X and Y are defined for A-IoT devices of device type B, and power classes X, Y, and Z are defined for A-IoT devices of device type C.

[0077] For example, power classes X and Y are defined for A-IoT devices of device type A, power classes X and Z are defined for A-IoT devices of device type B, and power classes X and W are defined for A-IoT devices of device type C.

[0078] <Proposal 1: Option 2> Regarding the power class relationship between A-IoT devices and normal NR UE / NR Redcap UE, we provide the following Alt.1 to Alt.4.

[0079] <Proposal 1: Option 2: Alt. 1> A new power class different from normal NR UE / NR Redcap UE is defined for device type A, type B, or type C. For example, a new power class X is defined for device type A, type B, or type C.

[0080] <Proposal 1: Option 2: Alt. 2> The power class of a normal NR UE / NR Redcap UE is reused for device type A, type B, or type C. For example, power class 3 of a normal NR UE is reused for device type A, type B, or type C.

[0081] <Proposal 1: Option 2: Alt. 3> For device type A, type B, or type C, a new power class different from that of normal NR UE / NR Redcap UE is defined, and the power class of normal NR UE / NR Redcap UE is reused. For example, for device type A, type B, or type C, two power classes are prepared: new power class X and existing power class 3.

[0082] <Proposal 1: Option 2: Alt.4> Depending on the device type, either <Proposal 1: Option 2: Alt.1> or <Proposal 1: Option 2: Alt.2> is used.

[0083] For example, a new power class is defined for device type A or B, and the power class of normal NR UE / Redcap UE is reused for device type C. For example, a new power class is defined for device type A, and the power class of normal NR UE / Redcap UE is reused for device types B and C.

[0084] <Proposal 1: Option 3> A-IoT devices report their power class to the network.

[0085] An A-IoT device may report its device type instead of reporting its power class. For example, if a different power class is defined for each device type, the A-IoT device may report its device type instead of reporting its power class. The network may determine the power class of the A-IoT device based on the reported device type.

[0086] <Proposal 1: Summary> A-IoT devices can appropriately control power by using the power classes provided in Proposal 1.

[0087] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 concerns PCMAX (UE configured maximum power) in A-IoT. A-IoT is expected to have ultra-low complexity devices, and A-IoT device designs are expected to be as simple as possible. Therefore, support for PCMAX and PCMAX-related functions could be an important technical element in A-IoT. Therefore, we provide the following <Proposal 2: Option 1> and <Proposal 2: Option 1> regarding PCMAX in A-IoT. Note that different options / alts may be applied to different device types.

[0088] <Proposal 2: Option 1> PCMAX is not supported due to A-IoT.

[0089] <Proposal 2: Option 1: PEMAX> For A-IoT, if PCMAX is not supported, we provide the following Alt. 1 and Alt. 2 regarding the maximum output power (PEMAX) set (provided) by the network.

[0090] <Proposal 2: Option 1: PEMAX: Alt. 1> PEMAX is not set by the network.

[0091] <Proposal 2: Option 1: PEMAX: Alt. 2> PEMAX is set by the network.

[0092] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Power Reduction> For A-IoT, if PCMAX is not supported, the following Alt. A and Alt. B are provided for power reduction.

[0093] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Power Reduction: Alt. A> Power reduction is not applied by A-IoT devices.

[0094] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Power Reduction: Alt.B> Power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device.

[0095] For example, power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device when a specific condition is met. The value of the power reduction applied under the specific condition may be defined and fixed in a specification. The specific condition may be, for example, modulation order, transmission bandwidth, or higher layer configuration.

[0096] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Maximum UL Tx power> Regarding the maximum UL Tx power of A-IoT devices, we provide the following Alt. 11 to Alt. 14.

[0097] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Maximum UL transmit power: Alt. 11> Proposal 2: When Alt. 1 and Alt. A above of Option 1 are applied, the UL transmit power of A-IoT shall not exceed the power class.

[0098] That is, for A-IoT, if PEMAX is not set by the network and power reduction is not applied by the A-IoT device, the UL transmit power of the A-IoT will not exceed the power class. In other words, since PEMAX is not set by the network and power reduction is not applied by the A-IoT device, the A-IoT device will set the power class as the maximum UL transmit power. The power class described in Proposal 1 will be applied.

[0099] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Maximum UL transmit power: Alt. 12> Proposal 2: If the above Alt. 1 and Alt. B of Option 1 are provided, the UL transmit power of A-IoT shall be set to "P PowerClass -Δ p " does not exceed "Δ p " is the power reduction applied by A-IoT devices.

[0100] That is, for A-IoT, if PEMAX is not set by the network and power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device, the UL transmit power of the A-IoT will be "P PowerClass -Δ p In other words, for A-IoT, PEMAX is not set by the network, and power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device, so the A-IoT device can set a "P PowerClass -Δ p " is the maximum UL transmission power.

[0101] Multiple types of power reduction may be defined. For example, an A-IoT device may have a PowerClass -Δ p1 -Δ p2 " may be set as the maximum UL transmission power. p1 " and "Δ p2 " may be, for example, a power reduction corresponding to a specific condition as described above in Alt. B. For example, "Δ p1 " may be a power reduction determined based on the modulation order, and "Δ p2 " may be a power reduction determined based on the transmission bandwidth.

[0102] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Maximum UL transmit power: Alt. 13> Proposal 2: When the above Alt. 2 and Alt. A of Option 1 are provided, the UL transmit power of A-IoT is min{P EMAX , P PowerClass} does not exceed.

[0103] That is, for A-IoT, if PEMAX is set by the network and no power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device, the UL transmit power of A-IoT is min{P EMAX , P PowerClass}. In other words, for A-IoT, PEMAX is set by the network and power reduction is not applied by the A-IoT device, so the A-IoT device's maximum UL transmit power is the smaller of the PEMAX set by the network and the power class.

[0104] <Proposal 2: Option 1: Maximum UL transmit power: Alt. 14> Proposal 2: If the above Alt. 2 and Alt. B of Option 1 are provided, the UL transmit power of A-IoT shall be min{P EMAX , P PowerClass -Δ p} does not exceed.

[0105] That is, for A-IoT, if PEMAX is set by the network and power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device, the UL transmit power of A-IoT is min{P EMAX , P PowerClass -Δ p In other words, for A-IoT, PEMAX is set by the network and power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device, so the A-IoT device sets the maximum UL transmit power to the smaller of PEMAX set by the network and the power class to which power reduction is applied.

[0106] Multiple types of power reduction may be defined. For example, an A-IoT device may have a PowerClass -Δ p1 -Δ p2 " may be set as the maximum UL transmission power. p1 " and "Δ p2 " may be, for example, a power reduction corresponding to a specific condition as described above in Alt. B. For example, "Δ p1 " may be a power reduction determined based on the modulation order, and "Δ p2" may be a power reduction determined based on the transmission bandwidth.

[0107] <Proposal 2: Option 2> PCMAX will be supported for A-IoT.

[0108] <Proposal 2: Option 2: PEMAX> For A-IoT, if PCMAX is supported, the following Alt. 1 and Alt. 2 are provided regarding PEMAX set by the network.

[0109] <Proposal 2: Option 2: PEMAX: Alt. 1> PEMAX is not set by the network.

[0110] <Proposal 2: Option 2: PEMAX: Alt.2> PEMAX is set by the network.

[0111] <Proposal 2: Option 2: Power Reduction> For A-IoT, if PCMAX is supported, power reduction will be applied by the A-IoT device.

[0112] For example, power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device when a specific condition is met. The value of the power reduction applied under the specific condition may be defined and fixed in a specification. The specific condition may be, for example, modulation order, transmission bandwidth, or higher layer configuration.

[0113] <Proposal 2: Option 2: PCMAX Setting> If PCMAX is supported for A-IoT, PCMAX is set by the A-IoT device within the range defined in the specification. The A-IoT device sets PCMAX within the range shown in the following equation (6). The UL transmit power of the A-IoT device will not exceed the set PCMAX. The A-IoT device will report the set PCMAX to the network.

[0114] Alt. A and Alt. B are provided for the upper and lower limits of PCMAX.

[0115] <Proposal 2: Option 2: PCMAX Setting: Alt. A> Proposal 2: When Alt. 1 above of Option 2 is applied, that is, when PEMAX is not set by the network, the upper and lower limits of PCMAX are shown in the following equations (7a) and (7b). The A-IoT device sets PCMAX within the range shown in equations (7a) and (7b). P represented by formula (7a) and formula (7b) PowerClass The power class explained in Proposal 1 is applied to "Δ p " is the power reduction applied by A-IoT devices.

[0116] A plurality of types of power reduction may be defined. When two types of power reduction are defined, the lower limit of PCMAX is expressed by, for example, the following equation (8). Power reduction may also be applied to the upper limit of PCMAX as shown in the following equation (9).

[0117] <Proposal 2: Option 2: PCMAX Setting: Alt. B> Proposal 2: When Alt. 2 above of Option 2 is applied, that is, when PEMAX is set by the network, the upper and lower limits of PCMAX are shown in the following equations (10a) and (10b). The A-IoT device sets PCMAX within the range shown in equations (10a) and (10b). In Alt.B, PEMAX is set by the network. Therefore, unlike Alt.A where PEMAX is not set by the network, in Alt.B, "P EMAX " parameter is included.

[0118] P represented by formula (10a) and formula (10b) PowerClass The power class explained in Proposal 1 is applied to "Δ p " is the power reduction applied by A-IoT devices.

[0119] A plurality of types of power reduction may be defined. When two types of power reduction are defined, the lower limit of PCMAX is expressed by, for example, the following equation (11). Furthermore, power reduction may also be applied to the upper limit of PCMAX, as shown in the following equation (12).

[0120] <Proposal 2: Other> Of the two options 1 and 2 described in Proposal 2, Option 1, which does not support PCMAX, makes it easier to configure A-IoT devices than Option 2, which does support PCMAX.

[0121] Of Alt.1 and Alt.2 in Option 1, Alt.1, in which PEMAX is not set by the network, makes it easier to configure A-IoT devices than Alt.2, in which PEMAX is set by the network. Of Alt.A and Alt.B in Option 1, Alt.A, in which power reduction is not applied by the A-IoT device, makes it easier to configure A-IoT devices than Alt.B, in which power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device.

[0122] Of Alt.1 and Alt.2 of Option 2, Alt.1, in which PEMAX is not set by the network, makes it easier to configure A-IoT devices than Alt.2, in which PEMAX is set by the network.

[0123] <Proposal 2: Summary> A-IoT devices can appropriately perform power control using the PCMAX technology provided in Proposal 2.

[0124] For example, if PCMAX is not supported, an A-IoT device can appropriately perform power control by the following operations:

[0125] For example, an A-IoT device can properly perform power control by controlling the UL transmit power so that it does not exceed the power class when PEMAX is not set by the network and power reduction is not applied by the A-IoT device for the A-IoT.

[0126] For example, if the PEMAX is not set by the network and power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device, the UL transmit power will be set to "P PowerClass -Δ p By controlling the power consumption so that it does not exceed ", power control can be performed appropriately.

[0127] For example, an A-IoT device may assume that, for A-IoT, PEMAX is set by the network and no power reduction is applied by the A-IoT device, so that the UL transmit power is min{P EMAX , P PowerClass}, power control can be performed appropriately.

[0128] For example, an A-IoT device may have a UL transmit power of min{P EMAX , P PowerClass -Δ p}, power control can be performed appropriately.

[0129] For example, if an A-IoT device supports PCMAX, it can properly perform power control by the following operations:

[0130] For example, an A-IoT device can appropriately perform power control by setting PCMAX (UE configured maximum power) within the range shown in equation (6).

[0131] If PEMAX is not set by the network, the upper and lower limits of equation (6) are expressed by, for example, equations (7a) and (7b).

[0132] Furthermore, when PEMAX is set by the network, the upper and lower limit values ​​of equation (6) are expressed by, for example, equations (10a) and (10b).

[0133] <Proposal 3> In order to enable the network to appropriately perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type A, Proposal 3 relates to reporting to the network by A-IoT devices of device type A.

[0134] <Proposal 3: Reporting Information> A-IoT devices of device type A report one or more of the following information to the network.

[0135] <Proposal 3: Report Information: Capability of Energy Harvesting Efficiency> The maximum UL transmission power of device type A is given by the following equation (13). In equation (13), "DL Tx power" is the DL transmission power in the network, and "DL Rx power" is the DL reception power at the A-IoT device.

[0136] A-IoT devices of device type A do not have power storage and perform backscatter transmission. Therefore, for A-IoT devices of device type A, the maximum UL transmission power is the DL received power minus the energy conversion loss for backscatter transmission. The DL received power received by an A-IoT device is calculated by subtracting the path loss from the DL transmission power in the network, as shown in equation (13).

[0137] The A-IoT device reports "X" included in equation (13) to the network. "X" is the energy conversion loss from equation (13). "X" represents the power that the A-IoT device can use for backscatter transmission by acquiring DL received power, and represents the energy harvesting efficiency capability. The A-IoT device reports the energy harvesting efficiency capability of the A-IoT device, i.e., "X", to the network.

[0138] Note that the maximum UL transmit power in equation (13) is different from the maximum UL transmit power described in Proposal 1 and Proposal 2. It should be noted that the maximum UL transmit power in equation (13) is a power that depends on the DL received power and the energy harvesting efficiency capability of the A-IoT device.

[0139] <Proposal 3: Report information: DL received power> A-IoT devices measure DL received power (DL Rx power) and report it to the network.

[0140] <Proposal 3: Report Information: Maximum UL Transmit Power> The A-IoT device reports the maximum UL transmit power to the network. That is, the A-IoT device calculates the maximum UL transmit power using equation (13) and reports it to the network.

[0141] As explained in the "Capability of Energy Harvesting Efficiency" section above, the maximum UL transmit power that an A-IoT device reports to the network is different from the maximum UL transmit power explained in Proposal 1 and Proposal 2. We refer to the maximum UL transmit power explained in Proposal 1 and Proposal 2 as "P max,1 ” and the maximum UL transmit power reported to the network is “P max,2 ", the UL transmission power of the A-IoT device is min{P max,1 , P max,2}. Note that the A-IoT device cannot exceed the maximum UL transmission power of min{P max,1 , P max,2} may be reported to the network.

[0142] <Proposal 3: Reporting Information: Activation Threshold Capability> A-IoT devices report their activation threshold capabilities to the network.

[0143] An A-IoT device is activated when its DL received power is equal to or greater than "Y". "Y" is the minimum DL received power required to activate the A-IoT device, and represents the activation threshold capability. The A-IoT device reports its activation threshold capability, i.e., "Y", to the network.

[0144] Note that the activation threshold capability is used by the network to determine the minimal DL Tx power, where "Y" may be a fixed value defined in the specification.

[0145] <Proposal 3: Report Information: Maximum DL Rx Power> A-IoT devices report the maximum DL Rx power they support. The DL Rx power at an A-IoT device cannot exceed the maximum DL Rx power. The maximum DL Rx power may be a fixed value defined in the specifications.

[0146] <Proposal 3: Reporting Method> Regarding how to report the above information, we provide the following Alt.1 to Alt.4.

[0147] <Proposal 3: Reporting Method: Alt. 1> The above information is reported as an absolute value, for example, X [μJ], X [dB], or X [dBm]. The unit depends on, for example, the report quantity. A granularity may be defined for the report quantity, for example, 1, 2, or 0.5.

[0148] <Proposal 3: Reporting Method: Alt.2> The above information will be reported using levels associated with each value range.

[0149] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the levels associated with each range of values. As shown in FIG. 14, a level is associated with each range of values. The A-IoT device reports the above information using the levels shown in FIG. 14. For example, if the energy harvesting efficiency capability "X" is a value greater than or equal to X2 and less than X3, the A-IoT device reports level 2 to the network.

[0150] <Proposal 3: Reporting Method: Alt.3> The range of values ​​of the information to be reported is defined, for example, in the specifications. For example, the minimum value / maximum value of the value of the information to be reported is defined.

[0151] <Proposal 3: Reporting Method: Alt.4> Network-triggered periodic reporting, semi-persistent reporting, and aperiodic reporting are supported. That is, A-IoT devices report the above information periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically upon trigger from the network.

[0152] Periodic reporting, semi-persistent reporting, and aperiodic reporting triggered by the A-IoT device are supported, i.e., the A-IoT device reports the above information periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically upon triggering by the A-IoT device.

[0153] It should be noted that when reporting is triggered by an A-IoT device, the information may be reported if the amount to be reported exceeds a predetermined threshold compared to the last reported amount.

[0154] <Proposal 3: Power control by the network> The network performs power control of A-IoT devices of device type A based on reports from the A-IoT devices of device type A.

[0155] For example, the network controls the DL transmission power in the network (DL Tx power in equation (13)) based on a report from an A-IoT device of device type A, and controls the maximum UL transmission power of the A-IoT device of device type A / DL reception power at the A-IoT device.

[0156] <Proposal 3: Summary> A-IoT devices of device type A report information about their UL power to the network, which allows the network to appropriately perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type A.

[0157] <Proposal 4> Proposal 3 relates to reporting to the network by A-IoT devices of device type B so that the network can appropriately perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type B.

[0158] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information> A-IoT devices of device type B report one or more of the following information to the network.

[0159] <Proposal 4: Report Information: Capability of Energy Harvesting Efficiency> The maximum UL transmission power in device type B is given by the following equation (14). "DL Tx power" in equation (14) is the DL transmission power in the network, and "DL Rx power" is the DL reception power at the A-IoT device.

[0160] The A-IoT device of device type B has a power storage. The power storage is used to amplify the backscattered transmission. The "amplifying gain" in equation (14) is the amplification gain of the backscattered signal.

[0161] Therefore, for an A-IoT device of device type B, the maximum UL transmission power is the power obtained by subtracting the energy conversion loss for backscattering transmission from the received DL reception power and adding the amplification gain. The DL reception power received by an A-IoT device is calculated by subtracting the path loss from the DL transmission power in the network, as shown in equation (14).

[0162] The A-IoT device reports "X" included in equation (14) to the network. "X" is the energy conversion loss from equation (14). "X" represents the power that the A-IoT device can use for backscatter transmission by acquiring DL received power, and represents the energy harvesting efficiency capability. The A-IoT device reports the energy harvesting efficiency capability of the A-IoT device, i.e., "X", to the network.

[0163] Note that the maximum UL transmit power in equation (14) is different from the maximum UL transmit power described in Proposal 1 and Proposal 2. It should be noted that the maximum UL transmit power in equation (14) is a power that depends on the DL received power and the energy harvesting efficiency capability of the A-IoT device.

[0164] <Proposal 4: Report information: DL received power> A-IoT devices measure DL received power (DL Rx power) and report it to the network.

[0165] <Proposal 4: Report Information: Maximum UL Transmit Power> The A-IoT device reports the maximum UL transmit power to the network. That is, the A-IoT device calculates the maximum UL transmit power using equation (14) and reports it to the network.

[0166] As explained in the "Capability of Energy Harvesting Efficiency" section above, the maximum UL transmit power that an A-IoT device reports to the network is different from the maximum UL transmit power explained in Proposal 1 and Proposal 2. We refer to the maximum UL transmit power explained in Proposal 1 and Proposal 2 as "P max,1 ” and the maximum UL transmit power reported to the network is “P max,2 ", the UL transmission power of the A-IoT device is min{P max,1 , P max,2}. Note that the A-IoT device cannot exceed the maximum UL transmission power of min{P max,1 , P max,2} may be reported to the network.

[0167] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information: Activation Threshold Capability> A-IoT devices report their activation threshold capabilities to the network.

[0168] An A-IoT device is activated when its DL received power is equal to or greater than "Y". "Y" is the minimum DL received power required to activate the A-IoT device, and represents the activation threshold capability. The A-IoT device reports its activation threshold capability, i.e., "Y", to the network.

[0169] Note that the activation threshold capability is used by the network to determine the minimal DL Tx power, where "Y" may be a fixed value defined in the specification.

[0170] <Proposal 4: Report Information: Maximum DL Rx Power> A-IoT devices report the maximum DL Rx power they support. The DL Rx power at an A-IoT device cannot exceed the maximum DL Rx power. The maximum DL Rx power may be a fixed value defined in the specifications.

[0171] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information: Power Storage Capability> A-IoT devices will report their power storage capabilities to the network. For reporting power storage capabilities, we offer the following options 1 and 2.

[0172] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information: Power Storage Capability: Option 1> A-IoT devices report their power storage capacity to the network as their power storage capability. For example, A-IoT devices report the maximum energy that can be stored in the power storage (A-IoT device) as their power storage capability.

[0173] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information: Power Storage Capability: Option 2> A-IoT devices report the status of their power storage to the network as their power storage capability. For example, an A-IoT device reports the amount of power currently stored in its power storage (A-IoT device) as its power storage capability.

[0174] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information: Amplification Gain> A-IoT devices report amplification gain information related to the amplification gain to the network. For reporting amplification gain information, we provide the following options 1 and 2.

[0175] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information: Amplification Gain: Option 1> A-IoT devices report the maximum and / or minimum amplification gain they support. By defining (reporting) the maximum and / or minimum amplification gain they support, A-IoT devices can be controlled by the network within the reported range of amplification gain.

[0176] <Proposal 4: Reporting Information: Amplification Gain: Option 2> A-IoT devices report the amplification gain they support (exact amplification gain). By defining (reporting) the amplification gain they support, A-IoT devices can be controlled by the network in the value of the amplification gain they report.

[0177] <Proposal 4: Reporting Method> Regarding how to report the above information, we provide the following Alt.1 to Alt.6.

[0178] <Proposal 4: Reporting Method: Alt. 1> As explained in the above "Energy Harvesting Efficiency Capability," power storage is used to amplify backscatter transmissions. Therefore, power storage capability and amplification gain are related, for example, as shown in Figure 15, and the network can infer one value (reported) from the other value (reported).

[0179] For example, if the power storage capability is reported as X [μJ], the network assumes that the amplification gain supported by the A-IoT device is Y [dB]. For example, if the amplification gain is reported as Y [dB], the network assumes that the power storage capability of the A-IoT device is X [μJ]. This allows the A-IoT device to omit reporting information on either the power storage capability or the amplification gain.

[0180] The relationship between the power storage capacity and the amplification gain may be expressed as a range. For example, if a power storage capacity "X" of X1 [μJ] or more but less than X2 [μJ] is reported, the network may assume an amplification gain of Y1 [dB] or more but less than Y2 [dB].

[0181] <Proposal 4: Reporting Method: Alt.2> As explained in the above "Energy Harvesting Efficiency Capability," power storage is used to amplify backscatter transmission. Therefore, the power storage capability and the maximum UL transmit power shown in Equation (14) are related, for example, as shown in Figure 16, and the network can estimate one value (reported) from the other value (reported).

[0182] For example, if the power storage capability is reported as X [μJ], the network assumes that the maximum UL transmit power of the A-IoT device is Y [dBm]. For example, if the maximum UL transmit power is reported as Y [dBm], the network assumes that the power storage capability of the A-IoT device is X [μJ]. This allows the A-IoT device to omit reporting information on either the power storage capability or the amplification gain.

[0183] The relationship between the power storage capability and the maximum UL transmit power may be expressed as a range. For example, if a power storage capability "X" of X1 [μJ] or more but less than X2 [μJ] is reported, the network may assume a maximum UL transmit power of Y1 [dBm] or more but less than Y2 [dBm].

[0184] <Proposal 4: Reporting Method: Alt.3> The above information is reported as an absolute value, for example, X [μJ], X [dB], or X [dBm]. The unit depends on, for example, the report quantity. A granularity may be defined for the report quantity, for example, 1, 2, or 0.5.

[0185] <Proposal 4: Reporting Method: Alt.4> The above information will be reported using levels associated with each range of values.

[0186] For example, as shown in Figure 14, a level is associated with each range of values. The A-IoT device reports the above information using the levels shown in Figure 14. For example, if the energy harvesting efficiency capability "X" is a value greater than or equal to X2 and less than X3, the A-IoT device reports level 2 to the network.

[0187] <Proposal 4: Reporting Method: Alt.5> The range of values ​​of the information to be reported is defined, for example, in the specification. For example, the minimum value / maximum value of the value of the information to be reported is defined.

[0188] <Proposal 4: Reporting Method: Alt.6> Network-triggered periodic reporting, semi-persistent reporting, and aperiodic reporting are supported. That is, A-IoT devices report the above information periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically upon trigger from the network.

[0189] Periodic reporting, semi-persistent reporting, and aperiodic reporting triggered by the A-IoT device are supported, i.e., the A-IoT device reports the above information periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically upon triggering by the A-IoT device.

[0190] It should be noted that when reporting is triggered by an A-IoT device, the information may be reported if the amount to be reported exceeds a predetermined threshold compared to the last reported amount.

[0191] <Proposal 4: Power control by the network> The network performs power control of A-IoT devices of device type B based on reports from A-IoT devices of device type B.

[0192] For example, the network controls the DL transmission power (DL Tx power in equation (14)) in the network based on a report from an A-IoT device of device type B, and controls the maximum UL transmission power / DL reception power in the A-IoT device of device type B. Also, for example, the network controls the amplification gain of the A-IoT device based on a report from the A-IoT device of device type B.

[0193] <Proposal 4: Summary> A-IoT devices of device type B report information about their UL power to the network, which allows the network to appropriately perform power control for A-IoT devices of device type B.

[0194] <Proposal 5> Proposal 5 concerns the method of UL power control in A-IoT. It is desirable that the method of UL power control in A-IoT be simplified, taking into account the ultra-low complexity of A-IoT. Therefore, the following options 1 to 4 are provided for the method of UL power control in A-IoT. Options 1 to 4 are applicable to A-IoT devices of device type A, type B, or type C.

[0195] <Proposal 5: Option 1> A-IoT devices will use one of the maximum UL transmit powers determined by Proposal 1 to Proposal 4.

[0196] For example, an A-IoT device may always use one of the maximum UL transmit powers determined in Proposals 1 to 4. For example, an A-IoT device may use one of the maximum UL transmit powers determined in Proposals 1 to 4 based on a specific condition, such as when a repetition greater than two is specified. For example, an A-IoT device may use one of the maximum UL transmit powers determined in Proposals 1 to 4 based on an instruction from the network, such as higher layer signaling or DL ​​control information. For example, an A-IoT device may use one of the maximum UL transmit powers determined in Proposals 1 to 4 based on specifications.

[0197] <Proposal 5: Option 2> Open-loop power control is supported for A-IoT devices. For example, the A-IoT device controls the UL transmit power based on equation (15) in Figure 17. That is, the A-IoT device calculates the UL transmit power using parameters notified by the network, measurements taken by the A-IoT device, and parameters related to the communication characteristics of the A-IoT device, such as bandwidth.

[0198] In addition, the A-IoT device is max , P UL} may be the UL transmission power. max is the maximum UL transmit power determined from Proposal 1 to Proposal 4. P UL is the UL transmission power calculated by equation (15).

[0199] Furthermore, the parameters in equation (15) may be simplified for A-IoT as shown in Figure 18. For example, the parameters for the open loop of an A-IoT device may be fixed values ​​and may be simplified compared to the parameters for the open loop of NR and NB-IoT.

[0200] <Proposal 5: Option 3> Closed-loop power control is supported in A-IoT devices. The A-IoT device controls the UL transmit power based on equation (16) in Figure 19. The "f" in equation (16) indicates closed-loop power control. That is, the A-IoT device calculates the UL transmit power using parameters notified by the network, measurements taken by the A-IoT device, parameters related to the A-IoT device such as bandwidth, and power controlled (feedback) by the network.

[0201] In addition, the A-IoT device is max , P UL} may be the UL transmission power. max is the maximum UL transmit power determined from Proposal 1 to Proposal 4. P UL is the UL transmission power calculated by equation (16).

[0202] Furthermore, the parameters in equation (16) may be simplified for A-IoT as shown in Figure 18. For example, the parameters for the open loop of an A-IoT device may be fixed values ​​and may be simplified compared to the parameters for the open loop of NR and NB-IoT.

[0203] <Proposal 5: Option 4> A-IoT devices support closed-loop power control. The A-IoT devices control the UL transmit power based on the following equation (17). "P" in equation (17) UL " indicates power control based on an open loop, and is represented by equation (15) shown in Figure 17. "f" in equation (17) indicates power control (power adjustment) based on a closed loop, and is notified by the network. "i" in equation (17) indicates a UL transmission opportunity.

[0204] The power adjustment compared to the last transmission is commanded by the network. In other words, the last (previous) UL transmit power "P UL The difference in power with respect to (i) is notified to the A-IoT device from the network as power adjustment “f”. The A-IoT device adjusts the previous UL transmission power “P UL (i)) and add the power adjustment "f" to obtain the UL transmission power "P UL (i+1)".

[0205] In addition, the A-IoT device is max , P UL (i)) may be the UL transmission power. max is the maximum UL transmit power determined from Proposal 1 to Proposal 4. P UL (i) is the UL transmission power calculated by equation (17).

[0206] <Proposal 5: Summary> A-IoT devices control UL transmission power based on an open loop, which allows A-IoT devices to appropriately perform UL power control.

[0207] The A-IoT device controls the UL transmit power based on a closed loop, which allows the A-IoT device to perform UL power control appropriately.

[0208] <Proposal 6> A-IoT devices of device type B have power storage. The power storage is used to amplify backscatter transmission. Proposal 6 relates to the control of amplification gain in A-IoT devices of device type B. For the control of amplification gain, we provide the following options 1 to 5.

[0209] <Proposal 6: Option 1> A-IoT devices use maximal amplifying gain. A-IoT devices may always use maximal amplifying gain. A-IoT devices may use maximal amplifying gain based on certain conditions, such as when a repetition greater than 2 is indicated.

[0210] <Proposal 6: Option 2> The network instructs the A-IoT device to set two-state amplification gain. For example, the network instructs the A-IoT device to set the following two-state amplification gain:

[0211] ・State 1: Amplification gain = X0 [dB] ・State 2: Amplification gain = X1 [dB]

[0212] For example, if the A-IoT device receives a state "2" command from the network, it sets the amplification gain to X1 [dB].

[0213] The amplification gain of either of the two states may be 0 dB. The A-IoT device may report the supported amplification gain to the network. The amplification gain of the two states may be notified to the A-IoT device from the network by higher layer signaling, such as RRC. The amplification gain of the two states may be a fixed value defined in the specifications.

[0214] <Proposal 6: Option 3> The network instructs the A-IoT device to set amplification gains for multiple states of 3 or more. For example, the network instructs the A-IoT device to set amplification gains for the following states:

[0215] ・State 1: Amplification gain = X0 [dB] ・State 2: Amplification gain = X1 [dB] ・State 3: Amplification gain = X2 [dB] ...

[0216] For example, if the A-IoT device receives a state "3" command from the network, it sets the amplification gain to X2 [dB].

[0217] Note that the amplification gain of any of the multiple states may be 0 dB. The A-IoT device may report the supported amplification gain to the network. The amplification gain of the multiple states may be notified to the A-IoT device from the network by higher layer signaling, such as RRC. The amplification gain of the multiple states may be a fixed value defined in the specifications.

[0218] <Proposal 6: Option 4> The amplification gain instructed to the A-IoT device from the network may be an absolute value. The amplification gain instructed to the A-IoT device from the network may also be defined with a granularity, such as 1, 2, or 0.5.

[0219] <Proposal 6: Option 5> The A-IoT device controls the amplification gain in the UL transmission power based on the following equation (18). "A" in equation (18) UL " indicates the amplification gain set by the A-IoT device. "f" in equation (18) indicates the amplification gain control (amplification gain adjustment) and is notified by the network. "i" in equation (18) indicates the UL transmission opportunity.

[0220] The network dictates the gain adjustment compared to the last transmission. In other words, the last (previous) gain "A UL The differential gain for (i) is notified to the A-IoT device from the network as the amplification gain adjustment “f”. The A-IoT device adjusts the previous amplification gain “A UL (i)) and the amplification gain adjustment "f" is added to it, and the amplification gain this time is "A UL (i+1)".

[0221] <Proposal 6: Summary> A-IoT devices control the amplification gain based on instructions from the network, allowing them to appropriately perform UL power control.

[0222] <Capabilities> A-IoT devices may report the following capability information (AIoT capability) to base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and terminals (UEs in Topology 4).

[0223] - Information on whether power control is supported - Information on whether open-loop power control is supported - Information on whether closed-loop power control is supported - Supported power classes

[0224] Each of the above-mentioned proposals, options, and Alt. may apply if the A-IoT device indicates that it supports the corresponding proposal, option, or Alt., or if it is enabled by higher layer signaling.

[0225] <Others> An A-IoT device may be referred to as an A-IoT UE, an A-IoT terminal, an A-IoT node, a terminal, or a communication device. An A-IoT device may also be referred to simply as an A-IoT.

[0226] An A-IoT device may be considered to be a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT device. The complexity may be considered to be, for example, the complexity of the configuration / structure related to the minimum / maximum transmit / receive bandwidth supported by the device, and / or the maximum DL / UL data rate supported by the device, and / or the maximum DL / UL TB size supported by the device, and / or the Layer 2 buffer size. The configuration / structure may be translated into hardware. TB stands for Transport Block.

[0227] The base station, intermediate node, support node, and terminal (UE in Topology 4) may be referred to as an A-IoT base station, an A-IoT parent node, an A-IoT NB, a base station, or a communication device.

[0228] <Configuration of Base Station> Fig. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with the device 20 (see Fig. 21) by radio. The base station 10 may be an intermediate node, a support node, or a terminal (a terminal in SL that communicates with the device 20).

[0229] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0230] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of Radio Resource Control (RRC)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0231] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0232] The reference signal included in the DL signal may include at least one of a demodulation reference signal (Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0233] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0234] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10 , including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102 .

[0235] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0236] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on signals (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0237] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0238] The receiving unit 102 may receive the power class of the signal transmitted by the device 20. The control unit 103 may control the power of the UL signal of the device 20 based on the power class of the signal transmitted by the device 20.

[0239] The receiving unit 102 may receive, for example, the information described in Proposal 3 / Proposal 4. The control unit 103 may execute power control of the device 20 based on the received information.

[0240] The transmitter 101 may, for example, notify the device 20 of “f” of the closed loop described in Proposal 5. The transmitter 101 may, for example, notify the device 20 of information on the amplification gain described in Proposal 6.

[0241] <Device Configuration> Fig. 21 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, a base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be, for example, an A-IoT device.

[0242] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0243] The transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0244] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI). For example, information related to the processing capabilities of the device 20 (e.g., UE capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0245] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel includes a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel includes a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 receives control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0246] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0247] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20 , including the reception processing in the receiving unit 201 and the transmission processing in the transmitting unit 202 .

[0248] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the upper layer.

[0249] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, channel state information (CSI), or a scheduling request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted in the resources of the PUCCH.

[0250] The control unit 203 sets PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern notified by RRC and / or DCI) received from the base station 10. The control unit 203 determines the PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to the base station 10. Under the control of the control unit 203, the transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to the base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by the control unit 203.

[0251] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0252] The control unit 203 may determine the power of the UL signal. The transmission unit 202 may transmit the UL signal based on the power determined by the control unit 203. The control unit 203 may determine the power of the UL signal within a range not exceeding the maximum output power defined by the power class to which the device 20 belongs.

[0253] The transmitting unit 202 may report the power class to which the device 20 belongs to the network. A lower limit and an upper limit may be set for the power determined by the control unit 203. For example, a lower limit and an upper limit may be set for the power determined by the control unit 203 as shown in equation (6). The upper limit may be, for example, P CMAX,H As shown in the following equation, the lower limit may be the smaller of the maximum output power (power class) and the power (PEMAX) notified from the network. CMAX,L As shown in the figure, the power may be the smaller of a power smaller than the maximum output power (power class-power reduction) and the power notified from the network (PEMAX).

[0254] The transmitter 202 may transmit the UL signal by backscattering based on the power transmitted from the network (DL Tx power). The controller 203 may determine the reporting of information for the network to control the power. The information may be, for example, the reporting information described in Proposal 3.

[0255] The transmitter 202 may store power transmitted from the network in a storage device and transmit an uplink signal by backscattering based on the power stored in the storage device. The controller 203 may determine whether to report information for the network to control power. The information may be, for example, the report information described in Proposal 4.

[0256] The control unit 203 may determine the power of the UL signal using parameters notified from the network, measurement values ​​measured by the device 20, and parameters related to communication characteristics of the device 20. For example, the control unit 203 may determine the power of the UL signal based on equation (15) shown in Fig. 17 and the parameters.

[0257] The parameters notified from the network may include feedback information. For example, the parameters notified from the network may include "f" shown in equation (16) of Fig. 19. The feedback information may be, for example, a difference from the power determined by the control unit 203 in the past (for example, the previous time), as shown in "f" in equation (17).

[0258] The control unit 203 may amplify the UL signal based on the amplification gain notified by the network. The amplification gain may be a difference from the amplification gain determined by the control unit 203 in the past (e.g., last time), as indicated by "f" in equation (18).

[0259] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0260] <Hardware Configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0261] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0262] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to the embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0263] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0264] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0265] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0266] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0267] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by, for example, at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0268] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0269] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0270] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0271] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0272] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0273] <Notification of Information, Signaling> Notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0274] <Applicable Systems> The embodiments described in the present disclosure are applicable to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 (WiMAX (registered trademark The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0275] <Processing Procedures, etc.> The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0276] <Operation of Base Station> In the present disclosure, specific operations described as being performed by a base station may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, an MME or an S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0277] <Direction of Input / Output> Information, etc. (see <Information, Signal>) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0278] <Handling of Input / Output Information, etc.> Input / output information, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input / output information, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, etc. may be deleted. Input information, etc. may be sent to another device.

[0279] <Determination method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0280] <Variations of Aspects, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. In addition, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0281] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0282] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0283] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0284] Information, Signals, etc., described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be referred to throughout the above description, may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0285] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0286] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0287] <Parameter and Channel Names> Furthermore, the information, parameters, and the like described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0288] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0289] <Base Station> In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0290] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a remote radio head (RRH)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0291] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0292] Mobile Station In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0293] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0294] <Base Station / Mobile Station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0295] Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to device-to-device communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0296] Similarly, the term "device" in the present disclosure may be read as "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0297] Fig. 23 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 23, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0298] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0299] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0300] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0301] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 2012 provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001 by using information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc.

[0302] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0303] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0304] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0305] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0306] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0307] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0308] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0309] <Meaning and Interpretation of Terms> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining something that is considered to be a "judging" or "determining," and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like that are considered to be a "judging" or "determining." Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0310] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0311] <Reference Signal> A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may also be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0312] <Meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0313] "First," "Second" Any reference to an element using designations such as "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0314] <Means> The "means" in the configuration of each device above may be replaced with "section," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0315] Open Format: When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0316] <Time Units such as TTI, Frequency Units such as RB, and Radio Frame Configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0317] Numerology may be a communication parameter that applies to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0318] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol). A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0319] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0320] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0321] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0322] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0323] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0324] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0325] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0326] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0327] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0328] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0329] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0330] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0331] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0332] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0333] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0334] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0335] <Maximum Transmit Power> The "maximum transmit power" in the present disclosure may refer to the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0336] Articles In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0337] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." Note that the term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0338] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems.

[0339] 10 Base station 20 Device 101, 202 Transmitter 102, 201 Receiver 103, 203 Controller

Claims

1. A device having lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, comprising: a control unit that determines a power of an uplink signal; and a transmission unit that transmits the uplink signal based on the power, wherein the control unit determines the power using parameters notified from a network, measurement values ​​measured by the device, and parameters related to communication characteristics of the device.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the parameters notified from the network include feedback information of the power.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the feedback information is a difference from the power previously determined by the control unit.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit amplifies the upstream signal based on an amplification gain notified by the network.

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the amplification gain is a difference with respect to the amplification gain previously determined by the control unit.

6. A power control method for a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, comprising: determining a power of an uplink signal; transmitting the uplink signal based on the power; and determining the power using parameters notified from a network, measurement values ​​measured by the device, and parameters related to communication characteristics of the device.

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