Method related to reporting information indicating connection relationship of multi-hop relay and device therefor

Abstract

One embodiment relates to a method related to a relay user equipment (UE)2. In the method, the relay UE2 establishes a link with a relay UE1; the relay UE2 establishes a link with a relay UE3. The relay UE2 transfers, to the relay UE3, a message from a base station transferred by the relay UE1. The relay UE2 reports, to the base station, information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and a remote UE, wherein the information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two layer 2 identifications (L2 IDs) of the relay UE2's own and one destination ID (DST ID), the one DST ID is an L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2's own correspond to i) the relay UE2's own L2 ID that has been used when the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3 has been established and ii) the relay UE2's own L2 ID that has been used when the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1 has been established and that is associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

Description

Method for reporting information indicating connection relationship of multi-hop relay and device therefor

[0001] An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and a device therefor for reporting information indicating a connection relationship between a remote UE, multiple relay UEs and a base station in a multi-hop relay.

[0002] Wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0003] Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0004] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0005] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive machine type communication (MTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0006] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0007] In relation to V2X communication, in RATs prior to NR, methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) were mainly discussed. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal may transmit a CAM of a periodic message type and / or a DENM of an event triggered message type to another terminal.

[0008] For example, a CAM may include basic vehicle information such as dynamic vehicle status information, such as direction and speed, static vehicle data, such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route history. For example, a terminal may broadcast a CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100 ms. For example, in the event of an emergency, such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, a terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0009] Since then, various V2X scenarios have been proposed in NR in relation to V2X communications. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0010] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles in the group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles in the group can use this periodic data to narrow or widen the gap between vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on improved driving, vehicles can become semi-autonomous or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. Furthermore, for example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0012] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data, processed data, or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can perceive its environment better than it can perceive using its own sensors.

[0013] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle for people who cannot drive or for remote vehicles located in hazardous environments. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be utilized to operate or control the remote vehicle. Additionally, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform, for example, can be considered for remote driving.

[0014] Meanwhile, a method to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving, is being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

[0015] In one embodiment, in a multi-hop U2N relay, information indicating a connection of a multi-hop relay consisting of two of its own L2 IDs and one DST ID can be reported to the base station so that the base station can determine the connection relationship of each hop.

[0016] The technical challenges are not limited to the technical challenges mentioned above, and other technical challenges not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0017] One embodiment relates to a method related to a relay UE (User Equipment) 2, wherein the relay UE2 establishes a link with a relay UE1; the relay UE2 establishes a link with a relay UE3; The method includes the relay UE2 transmitting a message of a base station transmitted by relay UE1 to relay UE3, the relay UE2 reporting information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and a remote UE to the base station, the information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE including two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identifications) of the relay UE2 and one DST ID (Destination ID), the one DST ID being an L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 corresponding to i) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1 associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

[0018] One embodiment includes a relay UE (User Equipment) 2, comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least the following: establish a link with a relay UE1; establish a link with a relay UE3; A second relay UE, which includes transmitting a message of a base station transmitted by relay UE1 to relay UE3, and relay UE2 reports information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and a remote UE to the base station, and the information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identifications) of the relay UE2 and one DST ID (Destination ID), wherein the one DST ID is an L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 correspond to i) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1, which is associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

[0019] One embodiment is a non-volatile computer-readable medium having stored thereon program instructions for performing the following: establishing a link with a relay UE1; establishing a link with a relay UE3; and transmitting a message of a base station transmitted by the relay UE1 to the relay UE3, wherein the relay UE2 reports information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and a remote UE to the base station, wherein the information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identifications) of the relay UE2 and one DST ID (Destination ID), wherein the one DST ID is an L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 correspond to i) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1, which is associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

[0020] The above reporting may be performed via SUI (Sidelink UE Information) or RRC (Radio Resource Control) messages.

[0021] The relay UE2 can receive a message from the relay UE3 for the remote UE to establish an RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection with the base station and transmit it to the relay UE1.

[0022] The above RRC message may be one of RRCSetupRequest, RRCReestablishmentRequest, and RRCResumeRequest.

[0023] Based on the fact that the relay UE2 receives the RRC message before receiving the settings for transmission and reception of the remote UE, the relay UE2 can store the RRC message for a predetermined period of time.

[0024] The above relay UE2 may be in RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE state.

[0025] The relay UE2 can bundle the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3 and the RRCSetupRequest message of the remote UE received from the relay UE3 with the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 and transmit them to the relay UE1.

[0026] The RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3 and the RRCSetupRequest message of the remote UE may be bundled and transmitted from the relay UE3.

[0027] The RRCSetupRequest message of the above relay UE2 may include the L2 IDs of the two relay UE2s and one DST ID.

[0028] The RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 may include an InitialUE-Identity value indicating the relay UE2 and hop count information to the base station.

[0029] The RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 may include an InitialUE-Identity value and UE type information indicating the relay UE2.

[0030] The UE type information of the above relay UE2 may be SL-SL relay UE.

[0031] In one embodiment, in a multi-hop U2N relay, the base station can accurately determine the connection relationship of each hop.

[0032] The effects that can be obtained in various embodiments are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0033] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, and together with the description of the specification serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0035] Figure 2 shows the structure of the LTE system.

[0036] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0037] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0038] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 8 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

[0042] Figure 9 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0043] Figure 10 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0044] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 13 is a drawing for explaining a method for performing a relay connection between a terminal and a base station.

[0047] Figure 14 schematically illustrates how to switch from a direct route to an indirect route.

[0048] Figures 15 to 18 are drawings related to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 19 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0050] Figure 20 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 21 illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service.

[0052] Figure 22 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0053] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0054] Sidelink refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0055] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0056] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication.

[0057] The following technologies can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink.LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0058] 5G NR, the successor to LTE-A, is a new clean-slate mobile communications system featuring high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0059] For clarity, the description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical ideas of the embodiment(s) are not limited thereto.

[0060] Figure 2 illustrates the architecture of an applicable LTE system. This may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0061] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10), and may be referred to by other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

[0062] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other via the X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to an EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) via the S1 interface, more specifically, to an MME (Mobility Management Entity) via the S1-MME, and to an S-GW (Serving Gateway) via the S1-U.

[0063] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information about terminal access and capabilities, and this information is primarily used for terminal mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with the PDN as its endpoint.

[0064] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to Layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in Layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0065] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include a gNB and / or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and eNB are connected to the 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNB is connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface, and the gNB is connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0067] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms sub-frames (Subframes, SF). A sub-frame can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a sub-frame can be determined by the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0069] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0070] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N)) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame ((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe ((N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0071] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0072] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when extended CP is used.

[0073] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0074] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0075] In NR, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS can support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS can support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. A 60 kHz or higher SCS can support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0076] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0077] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0078] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0079] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0080] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0081] Referring to Figure 5, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

[0082] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0083] Meanwhile, the wireless interface between terminals or between terminals and a network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may refer to a physical layer. Furthermore, for example, the L2 layer may refer to at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. Furthermore, for example, the L3 layer may refer to an RRC layer.

[0084] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0085] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0086] - Satellite integrated network

[0087] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0088] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0089] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0090] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0091] - small cell networks

[0092] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0093] - High-capacity backhaul

[0094] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0095] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0096] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0097] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0098] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0099] Figure 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0100] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0101] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0102] - Optical wireless technology

[0103] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0104] - Quantum communication

[0105] - Cell-free communication

[0106] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0107] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0108] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0109] - Big data analysis

[0110] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0111] - metaverse

[0112] - Blockchain

[0113] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0114] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0115] Figure 8 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, Figure 8 (a) illustrates the user plane protocol stack of NR, and Figure 8 (b) illustrates the control plane protocol stack of NR.

[0116] Below, the SL synchronization signal (Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS) and synchronization information are described.

[0117] SLSS is an SL-specific sequence and may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal and acquire synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, a terminal may acquire detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and the S-SSS.

[0118] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in NR V2X, for evaluating PSBCH performance, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0119] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0120] Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for a transmitting terminal to transmit an S-SSB may become shorter. Accordingly, the coverage of the S-SSB may decrease. Therefore, in order to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period may be 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0121] For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0122] For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0123] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP may be supported. In addition, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may be different depending on the CP type. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, when the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, the PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation in the first symbol section of the S-SSB.

[0124] Figure 9 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 9, the term "terminal" in V2X or SL communication may primarily refer to a user's terminal. However, if a network device such as a base station transmits and receives signals according to a communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

[0126] For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which represents a set of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect a signal from terminal 1 within the resource pool.

[0127] Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0128] In general, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or multiple resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0129] Figure 10 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0130] Referring to Figure 10, the entire frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the entire time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Therefore, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. Figure 13 illustrates an example where the resource pool repeats with a cycle of NT subframes.

[0131] As shown in Figure 10, a single resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear periodically and repeatedly. Alternatively, to achieve diversity effects in the time or frequency dimensions, the index of the physical resource unit to which a single logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In this resource unit structure, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units that a terminal wishing to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0132] Resource pools can be subdivided into several categories. For example, based on the content of the SL signal transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be categorized as follows:

[0133] (1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal that includes information such as the location of resources used by a transmitting terminal for transmission of an SL data channel, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission method required for demodulation of other data channels, and TA (Timing Advance). SA may also be transmitted multiplexed with SL data on the same resource unit, in which case the SA resource pool may mean a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data and transmitted. SA may also be called an SL control channel.

[0134] (2) The SL data channel (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only the SL data channel excluding SA information may be transmitted from the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, the REs (Resource Elements) that were used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting terminal may transmit the PSSCH by mapping it to consecutive PRBs.

[0135] (3) A discovery channel may be a resource pool for transmitting terminals to transmit information such as their IDs. Through this, transmitting terminals can enable neighboring terminals to discover them.

[0136] Even if the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission and reception properties of the SL signal. For example, even if it is the same SL data channel or discovery message, it may be again divided into different resource pools depending on the transmission timing determination method of the SL signal (for example, whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of a synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the resource allocation method (for example, whether the base station designates transmission resources for individual signals to individual transmitting terminals or whether individual transmitting terminals independently select individual signal transmission resources within the resource pool), the signal format (for example, the number of symbols each SL signal occupies in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

[0137] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0138] Referring to Figure 11, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0139] The BWP can be set by Point A, an offset from Point A (NstartBWP), and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, Point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) are aligned. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and Point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0140] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0141] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0142] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0143] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0144] Referring to (a) of FIG. 12, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1200, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0145] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0146] In step S1510, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1220, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1230, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1240, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0147] Referring to (b) of FIG. 12, in resource allocation mode 2, a terminal can determine an SL transmission resource within the SL resources set by the base station / network or within the preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or the preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting a resource by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select a resource by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1210, a first terminal that has selected a resource by itself within the resource pool can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to a second terminal using the resource. In step S1220, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1230, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0148] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 12, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH may be referred to as a 1st SCI, a 1st SCI, a 1st-stage SCI, or a 1st-stage SCI format, and an SCI transmitted on a PSSCH may be referred to as a 2nd SCI, a 2nd SCI, a 2nd-stage SCI, or a 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0149] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 12, in step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0150] Referring to (a) of FIG. 12, in step S1540, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0151] Figure 13 is a drawing for explaining a method for performing a relay connection between a terminal and a base station.

[0152] In step S1300, the remote UE and the relay UE can perform a discovery procedure and establish a PC5-RRC connection in step S1301 based on the existing Rel-16 procedure.

[0153] At step S1302, the remote UE can transmit the first RRC message (i.e., RRCSetupRequest) to establish a connection with the gNB via the relay UE using the default L2 configuration of PC5. The gNB responds to the remote UE with an RRCSetup message (S1303). The RRCSetup delivery to the remote UE uses the default configuration of PC5. If the relay UE is not initiated in RRC_CONNECTED, it must perform its own connection establishment upon receiving the message for the default L2 configuration of PC5.

[0154] In step S1304, the gNB and the relay UE perform a relay channel setup procedure via Uu. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE establishes an RLC channel for relaying SRB1 to the remote UE via PC5. This step prepares the relay channel for SRB1.

[0155] In step S1305, a remote UE SRB1 message (e.g., an RRCSetupComplete message) is transmitted to the gNB via the relay UE using the SRB1 relay channel over PC5. The remote UE is then RRC connected over Uu.

[0156] In steps S1306 and S1307, the remote UE and the gNB establish security according to legacy procedures, and the security message is transmitted through the Relay UE.

[0157] In steps S1308 and S1309, the gNB transmits RRCReconfiguration to the remote UE via the relay UE to set up the relay SRB2 / DRB. The remote UE responds by transmitting RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the relay UE.

[0158] In step S1310, the gNB establishes an additional RLC channel between the gNB and the relay UE for traffic relay. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE establishes an additional RLC channel between the remote UE and the relay UE for traffic relay.

[0159] For L2 UE-to-Network relay, in addition to the connection setup procedure:

[0160] - RRC reconfiguration and RRC disconnection procedures can reuse legacy RRC procedures with message content / configuration design left in the WI phase.

[0161] - The RRC connection re-establishment and RRC connection resumption procedures can be reused as a baseline by considering the connection establishment procedure of the L2 U2N relay above to handle relay-specific parts along with the message content / structure design. The message content / structure can be defined later.

[0162] Figure 14 schematically illustrates how to switch from a direct route to an indirect route.

[0163] A direct remote UE can be switched to an indirect relay UE for service continuity of L2 U2N relay based on the procedure illustrated in FIG. 14.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1401, a remote UE may report one or more candidate relay UEs after measuring / discovering them. The remote UE may filter out appropriate relay UEs that meet higher layer criteria when reporting. The report of at least one candidate relay may include the relay UE's ID and SL RSRP information, wherein PC5 measurement-related details may be determined later.

[0165] In step S1402, the gNB decides to switch to the target relay UE and the target (re)configuration is optionally transmitted to the relay UE (S1403).

[0166] In step S1404, the RRC reconfiguration message for the remote UE may include the ID of the target relay UE, the target Uu, and the PC5 configuration.

[0167] In step S1405, if a connection is not yet established, the remote UE establishes a PC5 connection with the target relay UE.

[0168] In step S1406, the remote UE feeds back RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the target path using the target configuration provided in RRCReconfiguration.

[0169] In step S1407, the data path is switched.

[0170]

[0171] SL-SRAP (Sidelink Relay Adaptation Protocol) can be used to manage and optimize communications between relay UEs and remote UEs in the NR sidelink. SL-SRAP can provide various parameters necessary to manage and configure relay functions. SL-SRAP can also provide the ability to map data communication channels between UEs. For example, it can define which channel data from a specific remote UE should be transmitted on and when to release that channel.

[0172] 'SL-SRAP-Config' is an information element that defines configurable SRAP parameters used by L2 U2N relay UEs and L2 U2N remote UEs. For details on 'SL-SRAP-Config', refer to the contents disclosed in 3GPP TS 38.351, which is used as a prior art of the present invention.

[0173]

[0174] Meanwhile, in relation to the U2N (UE to Network) relay described above, a multi-hop U2N relay is being discussed in which data is transmitted / received from the gNB to the remote UE via multiple hops. Fig. 15 shows a rough configuration of the multi-hop U2N relay operation. In Figs. 15(a) and (b), Relay UE 1, which is one hop from the gNB, may be called the last relay UE, and Relay UE 2, which is one hop from the remote UE, may be called the intermediate relay UE. In Fig. 15(c), the last relay UE may be called Relay UE 1, Relay UE 2 may be called intermediate relay UE 2, and Relay UE 3 may be called intermediate relay UE 1.

[0175] In the existing Rel-17 SL Relay operation, the relay UE monitors the paging of the remote UE. Furthermore, when the remote UE sends a SIB request to the relay UE, the relay UE transmits the stored value to the remote UE if it has a valid SIB among the SIBs requested from the remote UE. If it does not have a valid SIB, the relay UE sends the SIB request to the gNB on behalf of the remote UE.

[0176] In the following, the present invention proposes a connection establishment process for multi-hop U2N relay operation.

[0177] In one embodiment, a relay UE can establish a link with relay UE1 (S1601 of FIG. 16), and relay UE2 can establish a link with relay UE3 (S1602). Thereafter, a message from a base station transmitted by relay UE1 can be transmitted to relay UE3 (S1603).

[0178] Relay UE2 may report information indicating a multi-hop relay connection relationship between the base station and the remote UE to the base station. Here, the information indicating a multi-hop relay connection relationship between the base station and the remote UE may include two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identifications) of the relay UE2 itself and one DST ID (Destination ID).

[0179] Specifically, the one DST ID is the L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 itself correspond to i) the L2 ID of the relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) the L2 ID of the relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1, which is associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

[0180] That is, in a multi-hop relay as illustrated in FIG. 17, intermediate relay UEs can report the L2 IDs used in each hop to the base station. Here, the report may be information that allows the gNB to determine the mapping relationship of the entire multi-hop. When relay UE2 reports an SL connection with relay UE3, it may report its own source L2 ID and the L2 ID of relay UE3 as a destination, and may also need to report the L2 ID used in the previous hop associated with it (used when connecting to relay UE1). When relay UE1 reports an SL connection with relay UE2, it reports its own source L2 ID and the L2 ID of relay UE2 as a destination. As a specific example, in the case of FIG. 17, relay UE1 reports L2 ID A and L2 ID B, and relay UE2 reports L2 ID B used for the connection with the previous relay UE, L2 ID C used for the connection of the current hop, and L2 ID D that may indicate the counterpart relay UE.

[0181] When the same ID is used in each hop, i.e., assuming that the relay UE has established SL connections in the previous and next hops with the same L2 ID (for example, assuming that relay UE2 has established a connection with relay UE3 with one L2 ID (A) and also has established a connection with relay UE1), relay UE1 can report its own L2 ID and the L2 ID of relay UE2, and relay UE2 can report its own L2 ID and the L2 ID of relay UE3. Through these reports, the gNB can identify the connection relationship between certain relay UEs.

[0182] The above relay UEs are in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Relay UE1, relay UE2, and relay UE3 being in the RRC_CONNECTED state can be considered as each relay UE reporting its connection status to the gNB. For example, when relay UE1, relay UE2, and relay UE3 establish an SL connection and enter the RRC_CONNECTED state with the gNB, they can report the L2 ID of the intermediate relay UE connected to their destination.

[0183] The above reporting can be performed via SUI (Sidelink UE Information) or RRC (Radio Resource Control) messages.

[0184] The relay UE2 may receive a message from the relay UE3 for the remote UE to establish an RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection with the base station, and transmit the message to the relay UE1. Here, the RRC message may be one of RRCSetupRequest, RRCReestablishmentRequest, and RRCResumeRequest.

[0185] Based on the fact that the relay UE2 receives the RRC message before receiving the configuration for transmission and reception of the remote UE, the relay UE2 may store the RRC message for a predetermined period of time. That is, if the intermediate relay UE receives a message for establishing an RRC connection from a remote UE before receiving the configuration for transmission and reception of the remote UE (such as / local ID assignment), the intermediate remote UE may not immediately drop the message but may store it for a predetermined period of time. This is to take into account the time it takes for an appropriate configuration for the remote UE to arrive from the gNB via multiple hops. Therefore, a timer setting for this may be necessary. For example, if the relay UE receives a message for an RRC connection from a remote UE ( / receives a message for an RRC connection of the remote UE from another relay UE) but has not yet received the configuration for the remote UE from the gNB, the timer may be started. If the configuration for transmitting the message received from the remote UE that is being stored is received from the gNB, the timer may be stopped. If the relay UE does not receive configuration for the remote UE from the gNB until the timer expires, the relay UE may discard the values ​​it has stored and / or release the SL connection with the remote UE.

[0186]

[0187] Meanwhile, after establishing an SL connection with relay UE3, the remote UE can transmit a message to the gNB to establish an RRC connection with the gNB. For example, the remote UE transmits an RRCSetupRequest (RRCReestablishmentRequest, RRCResumeRequest) message to the gNB through the specified SRB (SRB configured by the gNB). When the remote UE transmits an RRC message (RRCSetupRequest, RRCReestablishmentRequest, RRCResumeRequest) to the relay UE3 to establish an initial (reset) connection, the message may be transmitted without an SRAP header. This is because the local ID and bearer configuration have not yet been established in the remote UE.

[0188] However, if relay UE3 reports the SL connection with the remote UE to the gNB after establishing the SL connection with the remote UE, the gNB may have configured the local ID and bearer ID for SRB / DRB transmission / reception for the remote UE in the intermediate relay UE 3 / 2 / 1. In this case, the RRC message for establishing the Initial( / reset) connection with the gNB transmitted by the remote UE may be transmitted with an SRAP header added from relay UE3.

[0189] When a remote UE (relay UE) transmits a message to the gNB for establishing an RRC connection (RRCSetupRequest, RRCReestablishmentRequest, RRCResumeRequest), it needs to include its own L2 ID used for the SL established for U2N relay operation in the message transmitted for establishing a connection with the gNB. If the gNB receives messages for establishing an RRC connection from multiple remote UEs, the messages may all arrive through the same specified SRB ( / configured SRB) via relay UE1. In this case, the gNB may not know which remote UE requested ( / transmitted) the message. This operation may only be applied when the selected relay UE is in IDLE / INACTIVE state. If the relay UE is in CONNECTED state, the relay UE can establish an SL connection with the remote UE, report the remote UE L2 ID to the gNB, and be assigned a local ID by the gNB. When a message for establishing an RRC connection received from a remote UE is transmitted with an SRAP header using the local ID received from the gNB, the gNB receiving the message can know from which remote UE the message was transmitted.

[0190] To distinguish between a multi-hop U2N relay SRAP header and a multi-hop U2U relay SRAP header, an indication may be included in the SRAP to distinguish them.

[0191]

[0192] As described above, in a multi-hop U2N relay, by reporting to the base station information indicating the connection of the multi-hop relay, which consists of two of its own L2 IDs and one DST ID, so that the base station can determine the connection relationship of each hop, in a multi-hop U2N relay, the base station can accurately determine the connection relationship of each hop.

[0193]

[0194] The above description assumes that intermediate relay UEs 1, 2, and 3 are already in the RRC_CONNECTED state. The following description begins with the assumption that some or all of the intermediate relay UEs 1, 2, and 3 are in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state. Therefore, the following description may be applied to a situation in which each operating entity, such as the relay UE, establishes a link but before establishing an RRC connection in the above description.

[0195] Referring to FIG. 19, relay UE2 may bundle the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3 and the RRCSetupRequest message of the remote UE received from the relay UE3 with the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 and transmit the bundled message to the relay UE1. The RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3 and the RRCSetupRequest message of the remote UE may be transmitted from the relay UE3 in a bundled form. The RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 may include the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 and one DST ID.

[0196] Specifically, when relay UE2 is in IDLE / INACTIVE state, it can bundle the RRCSetupRequest message already received and transmitted by remote UE and relay UE3 with its own RRCSetupRequest message and transmit it to relay UE1 in order to become CONNECTIED state. The RRCSetupRequest message transmitted by relay UE2 can include the following information, similar to what was described above.

[0197] - The RRCSetupRequest message transmitted by relay UE2 may include the L2 ID of relay UE3.

[0198] - The RRCSetupRequest message transmitted by relay UE2 may include the L2 ID used when establishing an SL connection with relay UE3. If necessary, the L2 ID of relay UE2 used when establishing an SL connection with relay UE1 may also be additionally included when relay UE2, which is associated with the sidelink of relay UE2 and relay UE3, establishes an SL connection with relay UE1.

[0199] - Alternatively, the information may not be included in the RRCSetupRequest message and may be transmitted to the relay UE3 through a separate SL-RRC message.

[0200] - The L2 ID included in the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3 and remote UE transmitted by the relay UE2 described above can be further specified as follows (see Fig. 17).

[0201] 1) L2 ID pair used for SL connection between Relay UE2 and Relay UE3. For example, (L2 ID C, L2 ID D)

[0202] 2) And / or the L2 ID of Relay UE2 used by Relay UE2 to connect to Relay UE1. For example, (L2 ID B), this can allow the gNB to know which path between Relay UE1 and Relay UE2 leads to Relay UE3.

[0203] 3) And / or the L2 ID of the relay UE1 used to connect to the relay UE2 and the relay UE1. For example, (L2 ID A), this can be used to determine which relay UE (1 or 1') it is connected to, assuming that the relay UE2 is connected to different relay UE1 and relay UE1' with the same L2 ID.

[0204] 4) And / or, the relay UE2 may transmit the hop count information to the gNB together with the InitialUE-Identity value indicating the relay UE2 transmitted by the relay UE2. For example, the RRCSetup message may be transmitted by indicating the InitialUE-Identity of the relay UE2 and the hop count to the gNB of the corresponding relay UE, and the InitialUE-Identity of the remote UE and the hop count to the gNB of the corresponding remote UE. The RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 may include the InitialUE-Identity value indicating the relay UE2 and the hop count information to the base station.

[0205] 5) And / or the UE type of the corresponding UE may be indicated along with the InitialUE-Identity value. For example, remote UE2 may be indicated as an SL-SL relay UE, and relay UE3 may also be indicated as an SL-SL relay UE. That is, the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 includes the InitialUE-Identity value and UE type information indicating the relay UE2, and the UE type information of the relay UE2 may be SL-SL relay UE.

[0206] The RRCSetup message may be transmitted as a single message by combining / modifying the message received from relay UE3 and the message generated from relay UE2, or may be transmitted simply by serial / parallel connection.

[0207] Relay UE1, which receives this, stores the information.

[0208] Relay UE1, which was in IDLE / INACTIVE state, can transition to connected state through RACH.

[0209] When relay UE1 enters RRC CONNECTED state (and receives initial RRCReconfiguration), relay UE1 can report to gNB the bundled RRCSetupRequest messages received from relay UE2, relay UE3, and remote UEs that it has stored, and additionally the mapping relationship between L2 IDs and L2 IDs used in the SL connection established for multi-hop U2N relay operation received from relay UE2, relay UE3, and remote UEs (if the relevant information is included in each RRCSetupRequest message, it does not need to be transmitted separately).

[0210] The gNB receiving this can know the connection relationship between relay UE1, relay UE2, relay UE3, and remote UE, and can transmit configuration and RRCSetup messages for multi-hop transmission to each UE.

[0211]

[0212] As described above, the latency problem in multi-hop U2N relay operation can be solved by bundling the relay UE's own RRCSetupRequest and the RRCSetupRequest message received from the remote / other relay UE and transmitting them at once. As in the existing rel-17 U2N operation, when the relay UE in IDLE / INACTIVE state receives a message to establish an RRC connection from the remote UE ( / other relay UE) through SL-RLC0, the relay UE is triggered into the connected state because there is a latency problem in multi-hop U2N relay operation.

[0213]

[0214] Continuing, referring to FIG. 19, when a remote UE transmits an RRCSetupRequest message to relay UE3, the relay UE3, upon receiving the message, may transmit an RRCSetupRequest message to relay UE2 to transition to a CONNECTED state. In this case, the relay UE3 may bundle the RRCSetupRequest message received from the remote UE and the RRCSetupRequest message it generated and transmit them to relay UE2. At this time, the content included in each RRCSetupRequest message may additionally include the following information.

[0215] - The RRCSetupRequest message transmitted by the remote UE may include the L2 ID of the remote UE.

[0216] - The RRCSetupRequest message transmitted by the relay UE3 may include the L2 ID of the remote UE and the L2 ID of the relay UE3. If necessary, the L2 ID used by the relay UE3, which is associated with the SL of the relay UE3 and the remote UE, when establishing the SL connection with the relay UE2 may additionally be included. (That is, information that the relay UE3 described above attempted to report to the gNB through the SUI, etc. after becoming CONNECTED may be included in the RRCSetupRequest message. This is to reduce latency that must be reported again after becoming RRC CONNECTED.)

[0217] - Alternatively, the information may not be included in the RRCSetupRequest message and may be transmitted to the relay UE3 through a separate SL-RRC message.

[0218] - When relay UE3 ( / SL-SL relay UE) transmits an RRCSetupRequest message received from another SL-SL relay UE or remote UE for RRC connection establishment together with its own RRCSetupRequest message,

[0219] - In the above technology, relay UE3 may mean an SL-SL relay UE or Uu-SL relay UE located in the middle for connection between a remote UE and a gNB.

[0220] - The L2 ID included in the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3 and the remote UE transmitted by the relay UE3 described above can be further specified as follows (see Fig. 17).

[0221] 1) L2 ID pair used for SL connection between relay UE3 and remote UE. For example, (L2 ID E, L2 ID F)

[0222] 2) And / or the L2 ID of the relay UE3 used to connect to the relay UE2. For example, (L2 ID D), this can allow the gNB to know which path between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3 leads to the remote UE.

[0223] 3) And / or the L2 ID of the relay UE2 used to connect to the relay UE3 and the relay UE2. For example, (L2 ID C), this can be used to determine which relay UE (2 or 2') it is connected to, assuming that the relay UE3 is connected to different relay UE2 and relay UE2' with the same L2 ID.

[0224] 4) And / or, the relay UE3 may transmit the hop count information to the gNB together with the InitialUE-Identity value indicating the relay UE3 transmitted by the relay UE3. For example, the RRCSetup message may be transmitted by indicating the InitialUE-Identity of the relay UE3 and the hop count to the gNB of the corresponding relay UE, and the InitialUE-Identity of the remote UE and the hop count to the gNB of the corresponding remote UE.

[0225] 5) And / or the UE type of the corresponding UE can be indicated along with the InitialUE-Identity value. For example, remote UE3 can be indicated as SL-SL relay UE, and remote UE can be indicated as remote UE. This is because when gNB receives the message and sends RRCSetup message to relay UE3 and remote UE, the set SRB1 and other configurations can be different depending on the UE type.

[0226] The RRCSetup message can be transmitted as a single4 message by combining / modifying the RRCSetupRequest message received from the remote UE and the RRCSetupRequest message generated by the relay UE, or can be transmitted simply by serial / parallel connection.

[0227]

[0228] Alternatively, as described above with respect to the operations of relay UE2 and relay UE3, both the RRCSetupRequest message generated by other relays and remote UEs and the RRCSetupRequest message generated by itself can be combined and transmitted. In this case, relay UE1 must be able to indicate that it is a UE directly connected to the gNB. This can be indicated via the UE type (e.g., Uu-SL relay UE) or implicitly via the hop count value. Additionally, as described above, the L2 ID used for the SL connection between relay UE1 and remote UE2 can be transmitted together. Alternatively, RRC messages from relay UE1 and other relay / remote UEs can be transmitted using different containers.

[0229] The following timers, used by remote UEs and intermediate relay UEs to send requests for RRCSetup, RRCReestablishment, and RRCResume configuration and receive related configuration settings, can be configured hop-dependently in multi-hop environments. That is, they can be set to different values ​​depending on the hop count required to send and receive the messages required for the configuration (SIB / pre-configuration / RRC dedicated).

[0230] Or, separate configuration values ​​may be required for multi-hop.

[0231] For example, even if the setting is only the T300 (Table 5) value, the relay UE / remote UE can use its own T300 value by considering the number of hops to the gNB as the value corresponding to T300*hop number.

[0232] Since these timers must be aligned between the gNB and the UE, the RRC setup related messages ( / RRCSetupRequest, RRCReestablishment, RRCResumeRequest) initiated and transmitted by intermediate relay UEs and remote UEs must be able to indicate how many hops (hop count) the relay / remote UE is away from the gNB. That is, the RRCSetupRequest, RRCReestablishment, and RRCResumeRequest messages can include a hop count.

[0233] T300Upon transmission of RRCSetupRequestUpon reception of RRCSetup or RRCReject message, cell re-selection, relay reselection, and upon abortion of connection establishment by upper layersPerform the actions as specified in 5.3.3.7.T301Upon transmission of RRCReestabilshmentRequestUpon reception of RRCReestablishment or RRCSetup message as well as when the selected cell becomes unsuitable or the (re)selected L2 U2N Relay UE becomes unsuitable, upon reception of notificationMessageSidelink indicating relayUE-HO or relayUE-CellReselectionGo to RRC_IDLET319Upon transmission of RRCResumeRequest or RRCResumeRequest1 when the resume procedure is not initiated for SDTUpon reception of RRCResume, RRCSetup, RRCRelease, RRCRelease with suspendConfig or RRCReject message, upon cell re-selection or upon relay (re)selectionPerform the actions as specified in 5.3.13.5.

[0234]

[0235] In the above example, when relay UE2 transmits the first relay RRC message (e.g., RRCSetupRequest) to gNB through relay UE1 for connection establishment with gNB, relay UE1 can transmit the received first relay RRC message through the specified SL_RLC ( / PC5 Relay RLC) channel configuration. The specified SL_RLC channel is a value configured for SRB0, and relay UE1 can transmit the RRCSetup message of relay UE2 / remote UE through the configured specified Uu / SL-SRB0. In this case, the RRCSetup message transmitted by gNB to relay UE / remote UE may include a configuration for SRB1, and the configuration may include a configuration for SL-SRB1 as well as Uu-SRB1. Alternatively, a value suitable for the UE may be configured depending on the type of UE. For example, relay UE1 may be configured with a Uu / SL-RLC channel for UU / SL-SRB1, and relay UE2 may be configured with only a SL-RLC channel.

[0236] To reduce the connection establishment time that may occur during a multi-hop U2N connection, the following actions are also possible:

[0237] Relay UE1 can transmit its own first relay RRC message ( / RRCSetupRequest) and the first relay RRC message of a remote UE or other connected relay UE (2 / 3) to gNB as a single RRC message or as a combined RRC message. Alternatively, the first relay RRC messages of other relay / remote UEs except relay UE1 can be transmitted in a single RRC container.

[0238] Relay UE1 may forward its own first relay RRC message and the first relay RRC message received from other relay / remote UEs to gNB as separate messages, but may forward the first relay RRC message received from other relay / remote UEs (serially in order of increasing hop count) before receiving a response ( / RRCSetup) to its own RRC message.

[0239] Relay UE1 may forward its own first relay RRC message and the first relay RRC message ( / RRCSetupRequest) received from other relay / remote UEs to gNB as separate messages, but may forward the first relay RRC message received from other relay / remote UEs after receiving a response ( / RRCSetup) to its own RRC message (before sending the RRCSetupComplete message for it).

[0240] Relay UE1 may forward its own first relay RRC message and the first relay RRC message received from other relay / remote UEs to gNB as separate messages, but may forward the first relay RRC message received from other relay / remote UEs after receiving a response ( / RRCSetup) to its own RRC message (after sending an RRCSetupComplete message for it).

[0241] Relay UE1 transmits its first relay RRC message to the gNB, receives an RRCSetup message in response, and forwards an RRCSetupComplete message to the gNB. Afterwards, it can transmit information about other relay UEs (relay UE2, relay UE3, remote UE) to the gNB via the SUI, and then transmit the first relay RRC message received from the other relay UEs / remote UEs to the gNB.

[0242]

[0243] Meanwhile, the second relay UE (User Equipment) related to the above-described description includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least the following: establish a link with relay UE1; establish a link with relay UE3; The relay UE1 includes transmitting a message of a base station to a relay UE3, and the relay UE2 reports information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and a remote UE to the base station, and the information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identifications) of the relay UE2 and one DST ID (Destination ID), wherein the one DST ID is an L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 may correspond to i) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1, which is associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

[0244] Also, a non-volatile computer-readable medium storing program instructions for performing the following includes establishing a link with a relay UE1; establishing a link with a relay UE3; and transmitting a message of a base station transmitted by the relay UE1 to the relay UE3, wherein the relay UE2 reports information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and a remote UE to the base station, and the information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identifications) of the relay UE2 itself and one DST ID (Destination ID), wherein the one DST ID is an L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 itself may correspond to i) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1, which is associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

[0245]

[0246] In the above description, the relay UE can be extended to include gNB, IAB-node, etc. In the above description, '( / )' means '(and / or )'.

[0247]

[0248] Examples of communication systems to which the invention applies

[0249] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0250] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0251] Figure 19 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0252] Referring to FIG. 19, a communication system (1) applied to the present invention includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and can be implemented in the form of HMD (Head-Mounted Device), HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in a vehicle, television, smartphone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage, vehicle, robot, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphone, smart pad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glass), computer (e.g., laptop, etc.), etc. Home appliances can include TV, refrigerator, washing machine, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) can act as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0253] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0254] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present invention.

[0255] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0256] Figure 20 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0257] Referring to FIG. 20, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 19.

[0258] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). In addition, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0259] Specifically, the first wireless device or terminal (100) may include a processor (102) and a memory (104) connected to a transceiver (106). The memory (104) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the above embodiments.

[0260] The processor (102) can perform the following operations.

[0261] Establishing a link with relay UE1; establishing a link with relay UE3; and transmitting a message of a base station transmitted by relay UE1 to relay UE3, wherein relay UE2 reports information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and a remote UE to the base station, and the information indicating a connection relationship of a multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identifications) of the relay UE2 itself and one DST ID (Destination ID), wherein the one DST ID is an L2 ID of the relay UE3, and the two L2 IDs of the relay UE2 itself may correspond to i) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) an L2 ID of the relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE1, which is associated with the link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3.

[0262] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). Furthermore, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0263] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0264] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0265] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0266] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0267] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0268] Figure 21 illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 19).

[0269] Referring to FIG. 21, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 20 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 21. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 20. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0270] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 19, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 19, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 19, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 19, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 19, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 19, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 19, 400), a base station (Fig. 19, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0271] In FIG. 21, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and a first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0272] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0273] Figure 22 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present invention. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, car, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc.

[0274] Referring to FIG. 22, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 21, respectively.

[0275] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0276] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0277] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0278] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present invention in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form an embodiment of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be incorporated as a new claim through a post-application amendment.

[0279] In this document, embodiments of the present invention have been described primarily focusing on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is equally / similarly extended to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or a base station and a relay. Certain operations described as being performed by a base station in this document may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. That is, it is obvious that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. In addition, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station).

[0280] Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of hardware implementation, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0281] When implemented via firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, functions, etc. that perform the functions or operations described above. The software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located within or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor via various known means.

[0282] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0283] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. In a method related to a relay UE (User Equipment)2, The above relay UE2 establishes a link with relay UE1; The above relay UE2 establishes a link with relay UE3; The above relay UE2 forwards the message of the base station transmitted by relay UE1 to relay UE3. Includes, The above relay UE2 reports information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE to the base station, Information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identification) of the relay UE2 and one DST ID (Destination ID). The above 1 DST ID is the L2 ID of relay UE3, The L2 ID of the above two relay UE2s is, i) L2 ID of relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) L2 ID of relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between relay UE2 and relay UE1, associated with the link between relay UE2 and relay UE3; A method that corresponds to .

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above reporting is performed via a SUI (Sidelink UE Information) or RRC (Radio Resource Control) message.

3. In paragraph 1, A method in which the relay UE2 receives a message from the relay UE3 for the remote UE to establish an RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection with the base station and transmits the message to the relay UE1.

4. In paragraph 3, The above RRC message is one of RRCSetupRequest, RRCReestablishmentRequest, and RRCResumeRequest.

5. In paragraph 3, A method in which the relay UE2 stores the RRC message for a predetermined period of time based on receiving the RRC message before receiving the settings for transmission and reception of the remote UE.

6. In paragraph 3, The above relay UE2 is in RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE state.

7. In paragraph 6, A method in which the relay UE2 bundles the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3, the RRCSetupRequest message of the remote UE, received from the relay UE3, with the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 and transmits the bundled message to the relay UE1.

8. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE3 and the RRCSetupRequest message of the remote UE are bundled and transmitted from the relay UE3.

9. In paragraph 6, A method in which the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 includes the L2 ID and one DST ID of the two relay UE2s.

10. In paragraph 6, A method in which the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 includes an InitialUE-Identity value indicating the relay UE2 and hop count information to the base station.

11. In paragraph 6, A method in which the RRCSetupRequest message of the relay UE2 includes an InitialUE-Identity value and UE type information indicating the relay UE2.

12. In paragraph 11, A method in which the UE type information of the above relay UE2 is SL-SL relay UE.

13. In relay UE2 (User Equipment), at least one processor; and At least one memory having stored therein instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least the following: Establish a link with relay UE1; Establish a link with Relay UE3; The message from the base station transmitted by relay UE1 is forwarded to relay UE3. Includes, Relay UE2 reports information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE to the base station. Information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identification) of the relay UE2 and one DST ID (Destination ID). The above 1 DST ID is the L2 ID of relay UE3, The L2 ID of the above two relay UE2s is, i) L2 ID of relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) L2 ID of relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between relay UE2 and relay UE1, associated with the link between relay UE2 and relay UE3; Corresponding to, relay UE2.

14. In a non-volatile computer-readable medium storing program instructions for performing the following: Establish a link with relay UE1; Establish a link with Relay UE3; The message from the base station transmitted by relay UE1 is forwarded to relay UE3. Includes, Relay UE2 reports information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE to the base station. Information indicating the connection relationship of the multi-hop relay between the base station and the remote UE includes two L2 IDs (Layer 2 Identification) of the relay UE2 and one DST ID (Destination ID). The above 1 DST ID is the L2 ID of relay UE3, The L2 ID of the above two relay UE2s is, i) L2 ID of relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between the relay UE2 and the relay UE3, and ii) L2 ID of relay UE2 itself used when establishing a link between relay UE2 and relay UE1, associated with the link between relay UE2 and relay UE3; The medium that corresponds to it.

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