Cannula for oral and nasal oxygen supply with movable scoop

Abstract

A cannula for exhaled gas monitoring includes an exhalation conduit exiting the cannula, first and second nasal prongs each including a channel directing exhaled nasal breath into the exhalation conduit, and a movable oral scoop. The movable oral scoop transitions between a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the movable oral scoop delivers exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit in the first configuration, and reduces delivery of the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit in the second configuration relative to the first configuration.

Description

CANNULA FOR ORAL AND NASAL OXYGEN SUPPLY WITH MOVABLE SCOOPTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to a capnography cannula that delivers oxygen and that permits sampling of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2).BACKGROUND

[0002] Different types of nasal cannulas are used to deliver oxygen to patients who require assistance to breathe properly, to collect carbon dioxide samples from patients to monitor respiration, or to perform both functions. Such cannulas may be used when direct ventilation is not provided. A nasal cannula provides oxygen supply to the nasal cavity. Some nasal cannulas have breath sampling capability such that a sample of the patient’s exhaled air flows through the cannula to a gas analyzer to be analyzed. The results of this non-invasive analysis provide an indication of the patient’s condition, such as the state of the patient’s pulmonary perfusion, respiratory system, and metabolism.

[0003] An example of a gas analysis often performed is capnography using an analyzer called a capnograph. Capnography is the monitoring of the time-dependent respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, which may be used to directly monitor the inhaled and exhaled concentration of CO2 and indirectly monitor the CO2 concentration in a patient's blood. Capnography may provide information about CO2 production, pulmonary (lung) perfusion, alveolar ventilation (alveoli are hollow cavities in the lungs in which gas exchange is being performed) and respiratory patterns. Capnography may also provide information related to a patient's condition during anesthesia, for example by monitoring the elimination of CO2 from an anesthesia breathing circuit and ventilator.SUMMARY

[0004] Certain embodiments commensurate in scope with the originally claimed subject matter are summarized below. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the present disclosure may encompass a variety of forms that may be similar to or different from the embodiments set forth below.

[0005] In one embodiment, a cannula for exhaled gas monitoring includes an exhalation conduit exiting the cannula, first and second nasal prongs each including a channel directing exhaled nasal breath into the exhalation conduit, and a movable oral scoop. The movable oral scoop transitions between a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the movable oral scoop delivers exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit in the first configuration, and reduces delivery of the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit in the second configuration relative to the first configuration.

[0006] In another embodiment, a capnography system includes a cannula having an oxygen delivery conduit entering the cannula; an exhalation conduit exiting the cannula; and a movable oral scoop that transitions between a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the movable oral scoop is fluidly coupled to the exhalation conduit in the first configuration. The system also includes a monitor fluidly coupled to the exhalation conduit to analyze exhaled carbon dioxide received via the exhalation conduit.

[0007] In another embodiment, a method of capnography includes positioning a movable oral scoop in a first configuration such that the movable oral scoop is proximate an oral cavity of a patient; receiving, via the movable oral scoop, an exhaled oral breath from a patient, wherein the exhaled oral breath comprises carbon dioxide; receiving, via one or more nasal prongs, an exhaled nasal breath from the patient, wherein the exhaled nasal breath comprises carbon dioxide; and rotating the movable oral scoop to a second configuration such that the movable oral scoop is positioned away from the oral cavity of the patient.

[0008] Various refinements and features noted above may exist in relation to various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended only to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and context of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Advantages of the disclosed techniques may become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:

[0010] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a capnography system, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0011] FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of a cannula including a movable scoop which may be employed in the capnography system of FIG. 1, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the cannula of FIG. 2, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the cannula of FIG. 2, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an embodiment of a movable scoop of the cannula of FIG. 2 in a first configuration to enable sampling of exhaled breath from an oral cavity, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 5B is a perspective view of an embodiment of the movable scoop of the cannula of FIG. 2 in a second configuration to disable sampling of exhaled breath from an oral cavity, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 6 is a front view of an embodiment of a cannula which may be employed in the capnography system of FIG. 1, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 7A is a side view of an embodiment of a movable scoop of the cannula of FIG. 6 in a first configuration to enable sampling of exhaled oral breath from an oral cavity, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 7B is a side view of an embodiment of a movable scoop of the cannula of FIG. 6 in a second configuration to disable sampling of exhaled oral breath from an oral cavity, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a snap joint of the cannula of FIG. 6, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 9A is a perspective view of an embodiment of a snap joint of the cannula of FIG. 6, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 9B is a side view of an embodiment of a snap joint of the cannula of FIG. 6, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 10A is a perspective view of an embodiment of a snap joint of the cannula of FIG. 6 in an unretained configuration, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 10B is perspective view of an embodiment of a snap joint of the cannula of FIG. 6 in a retained configuration, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 11 A is perspective view of an embodiment of a snap joint of the cannula of FIG. 6 in an extended configuration, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 1 IB is a perspective view of an embodiment of a snap joint of the cannula of FIG. 6 in a collapsed configuration in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG. 12A is a perspective view of an embodiment of a cannula in a first configuration, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure; and

[0027] FIG. 12B is a perspective view of an embodiment of a cannula in a second configuration, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] One or more specific embodiments of the present techniques will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation- specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers’ specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from oneimplementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

[0029] When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.

[0030] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of breath monitoring, and more particularly, to CO2 sampling alongside oral / nasal oxygen delivery using the oral / nasal cannula devices disclosed herein. A nasal cannula may provide a nasal breath sample for capnography via collected exhaled gases that are collected through prongs inserted into nasal cavities. The use of dedicated prongs for nasal exhalation sampling separates the collection of exhaled nasal gases from the actively delivered oxygen, such that the delivered oxygen does not significantly mix with the sampled exhaled nasal gases to permit more accurate measurements. In some cases, patients can only or primarily breathe through the mouth and may exhale through both the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. Thus, sampling exhaled air through the mouth may provide a representation of respiratory function for capnography. However, it can be challenging to both actively supply oxygen to the mouth through a cannula and to accurately measure CO2 exhaled from the mouth while oxygen is being supplied. For example, when oxygen is continuously directed towards the mouth during oxygen delivery, any delivered oxygen may mix with the exhaled breath from the mouth, thus diluting the gas composition and preventing accurate measurements. While an oral prong to capture exhaled mouth gases may be inserted into the mouth, similarly to a nasal prong, this may be uncomfortable for the patient and may interfere with the advantages of the nasal cannula, which typically permits patients to speak and eat and drink normally.

[0031] Certain nasal cannulas may include oxygen delivery openings that are oriented towards the mouth to provide oxygen delivery. However, typically, such oxygen delivery arrangements aredone with relatively low flow (e.g., 2-6L / minute oxygen delivery) and are not used in situations in which higher levels of oxygen delivery are needed and / or when nasal breathing is obstructed. However, if the inspiratory flow rate of the patient is greater than what is being provided by the cannula, the patient will entrain room air into the lungs. This results in oxygen dilution, and the patient will not be receiving the precise amount of oxygen that is desired. While an oxygen mask can provide higher levels of oxygen delivery, capnography measurements are challenging in conjunction with a mask.

[0032] Further, certain oral / nasal cannulas may be susceptible to interfering with a patient’s everyday activities, including speaking, eating, and drinking. For example, traditional oral / nasal cannulas may include an oral scoop that is positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient to collect exhaled breath from the oral cavity. However, the oral scoop may be fixed relative to a body of the cannula device such that when the oral / nasal cannula is placed on a patient, the oral scoop may interfere with eating, drinking, and / or speaking activities. In some cases, patients may elect to remove the oral / nasal cannula to perform such activities, thereby stopping capnometric measurement of exhaled CO2 from both the oral and nasal cavities. Accordingly, it is now recognized that improved systems and methods that enable capnometric measurement of exhaled CO2 while simultaneously providing adequate oxygenation and the ability for a patient to perform everyday activities (e.g., speaking, eating, and / or drinking) are desired.

[0033] Present embodiments are directed to oral / nasal cannulas that are capable of providing patients with an ability to perform everyday activities (e.g., eating, drinking, speaking) without interference from an oral scoop of the oral / nasal cannula, while simultaneously permitting sampling of exhaled carbon dioxide from a nasal cavity of the patient. For example, by using the oral / nasal cannulas discussed herein, patients may be able to adjust a position of an oral scoop relative to an oral cavity of the patient, thereby permitting the patient to perform everyday activities without interference. As discussed herein, “everyday activities” may refer to activities such as eating, drinking, and / or speaking, and “without interference” may refer to situations in which an oral scoop of the oral / nasal cannula is positioned or rotated away from an oral cavity of a patient such that there is minimal contact (e.g., substantially zero) between the oral scoop of the oral / nasal cannula and the patient’s oral cavity and / or such that the oral scoop does not cover or obstruct the oral cavity. As the patient performs everyday activities, the nasal prongs of the oral / nasal cannularemain inserted into the patient’ s nasal cavity such that capnometric measurement of exhaled nasal CO2 may be maintained. In certain embodiments, the oral / nasal cannulas discussed herein may also provide oxygen to both a nasal cavity of a patient and to an oral cavity of a patient, thereby providing adequate oxygenation to patients.

[0034] The cannulas disclosed herein may include an intake inlet configured to couple to an oxygen source. The intake inlet may be fluidly coupled to an oxygen delivery conduit configured to direct oxygen from the oxygen source to one or more oral oxygen delivery ports and to one or more nasal oxygen delivery ports. The one or more oral oxygen delivery ports and the one or more nasal oxygen delivery ports may be positioned on opposite sides of the cannula to provide adequate oxygenation to a patient. Additionally, the cannulas discussed herein may include a movable oral scoop configured to be positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient in one configuration, and one or more nasal prongs configured to be inserted into a nasal cavity of the patient. The movable oral scoop and the one or more nasal prongs may be fluidly coupled to an exhalation conduit configured to receive exhaled breath from the patient and deliver the exhaled breath to a capnograph for analysis. For example, the exhalation conduit may be coupled to a sampling outlet, which in turn may be coupled to the capnograph via a sampling line.

[0035] In certain embodiments, the movable oral scoop may be coupled to a portion of the exhalation conduit, and may be configured to rotate about the portion of the exhalation conduit between a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration, the movable oral scoop may be positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient and a port positioned on the portion of the exhalation conduit may be exposed, thereby permitting exhaled oral breath to be delivered into the exhalation conduit. In the second configuration, the movable oral scoop is rotated about the portion of the exhalation conduit and away from the patient, thereby permitting a patient to perform everyday activities. Further, when the oral scoop is rotated away from the patient in the second configuration, a body of the oral scoop may block the port of the exhalation conduit such that exhaled oral breath and / or ambient air is not entrained into the exhalation conduit. Meanwhile, the one or more nasal prongs inserted into the nasal cavity of the patient may continue to receive exhaled nasal breath and deliver the nasal exhaled breath into the exhalation conduit and toward the capnograph for analysis. In certain embodiments, as a result of the movable scoop transitioning from the first configuration toward the second configuration, and closing the port, theone or more nasal prongs may experience increased suction such that the one or more nasal prongs entrain an increased amount of exhaled nasal breath into the exhalation conduit. That is, loss of sampled breath from the oral cavity may be at least partly compensated for via the nasal prongs when the movable scoop is in the second configuration. Thus, the cannulas discussed herein may permit a patient to perform everyday activities without interference while still permitting adequate breath sampling and / or capnometric analysis of a patient’s exhaled breath.

[0036] Turning now to FIG. 1, a capnography system 10 is illustrated that may be used in conjunction with the disclosed oral / nasal cannulas provided herein. The capnography system 10 may be utilized to sample exhaled breath from a patient 12, while providing adequate oxygenation to the patient 12, and while permitting a patient to perform everyday activities without interference. For example, the capnography system 10 may include a cannula 14 configured to provide oxygen to the patient’s nasal cavity and oral cavity during inhalation, while simultaneously capturing exhaled CO2 from the patient 12 during exhalation. In certain embodiments, oxygen provided to the patient 12 via the cannula 14 may be received from an oxygen source 16. The oxygen source 16 may be coupled to an oxygen line 17, and the oxygen line 17 may be coupled to the cannula 14, thereby enabling delivery of oxygen into the cannula 14. The cannula 14 may include an oxygen delivery conduit (e.g., first conduit system) configured to receive the oxygen from the oxygen source 16 and deliver the oxygen to the patient 12 via one or more oral oxygen delivery ports and / or one or more nasal oxygen delivery ports, as described in greater detail below. In certain embodiments, the cannula 14 may be used in conjunction with low flow oxygen delivery or high flow oxygen delivery. In an embodiment, a low flow oxygen delivery may be between 2-6 liters of oxygen per minute (L / min), while a high flow oxygen delivery may deliver oxygen at a rate above 6 L / min or, in embodiments, above 10 L / min. In an embodiment, a high flow oxygen delivery may deliver oxygen at a rate from 10 L / min - 15 L / min. The oxygen delivery may be continuous flow or intermittent flow.

[0037] As the patient exhales, CO2 may be captured by the cannula 14 and delivered to a gas analyzer 20 for analysis via a sampling line 18. For example, the cannula 14 may include one or more nasal prongs configured to be inserted into a nasal cavity of the patient 12 and a movable oral scoop configured to transition between a first configuration in which the oral scoop is positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient and a second configuration in which the oral scoop is rotatedaway from the oral cavity of the patient. The one or more nasal prongs and the movable oral scoop, in the first configuration, may be fluidly coupled to an exhalation conduit (e.g., second conduit system) of the cannula 14, thereby enabling capture and delivery of exhaled CO2 to the gas analyzer 20 via the sampling line 18. The gas analyzer 20 (e.g., capnograph) may provide an indication of the patient’ s health based on measurement of the CO2 in sampled gas received from the cannula 14. In certain embodiments, the gas analyzer 20 may be communicatively coupled to a computer 22 (e.g., a desktop computer, a tablet, a mobile device) or a separate display device to facilitate the display of information related to the patient’s condition, which may include displayed CO2 measurements from the gas analyzer.

[0038] The system 10 may include additional or fewer components than those illustrated. In certain embodiments, the gas analyzer 20 and the computer 22 may be integrated into a single unit. Further, the illustrated oxygen line 17 and / or the sampling line 18 may include one or more gas transfer conduits. For example, the oxygen line 17 may include one or more fluidically connected conduits, and / or the sampling line 18 may include one or more fluidically connected conduits.

[0039] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a cannula 50 (e.g., cannula 14) which may be employed by the capnography system 10 of FIG. 1. The cannula 50 permits oral oxygen and nasal oxygen delivery (e.g., continuous or intermittent oxygen delivery) and sampling of exhaled nasal gases and exhaled mouth gases via the cannula 50. In certain embodiments, the cannula 50 may also permit patients to perform normal activities without interference from an oral scoop of the cannula 50, as described in greater detail below. As illustrated, the cannula 50 (e.g., cannula device, oral / nasal cannula) may include a cannula body 52 defining an interior space 53 of the cannula 50. The cannula body 52 may be generally round or defined by a plurality of sides 54, and may include a first end 56 and a second end 58. The cannula 50 includes one or more nasal prongs 60 extending from a first side 54 (e.g., top surface, upper side) of the cannula body 52 in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along a vertical axis 200 of the cannula 50. Each nasal prong 60 of the illustrated pair of nasal prongs 60 may be configured to be inserted into a nasal cavity of the patient when the cannula 50 is in use with a patient (see FIG. 1), and each nasal prong 60 may define a channel 62 configured to receive exhaled nasal breath from the nasal cavity of the patient when in use. The exhaled breath received by the nasal prongs 60 may include CO2, which may be measured as part of capnography monitoring as provided herein. Additionally, the cannula 50 includes a movableoral scoop 64 positioned below the cannula body 52 (e.g., relative to a direction of gravity when in use with a patient) such that cannula body 52 is positioned between the movable oral scoop 64 and the nasal prongs 60. The movable oral scoop 64 may be configured to transition between a first configuration in which the oral scoop 64 is positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient, and a second configuration in which the oral scoop 64 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient, as discussed in greater detail below.

[0040] In certain embodiments, the first end 56 of the cannula body 52 may include an intake inlet 66 fluidly coupled to the oxygen source 16 via the oxygen line 17. The second end 58 of the cannula body 52 may include a sampling outlet 68 fluidly coupled to the gas analyzer 20 via the sampling line 18. The intake inlet 66 and the sampling outlet 68 may be fluidly coupled to respective conduit systems disposed within the interior space 53 defined by the cannula body 52. For example, the intake inlet 66 may be fluidly coupled to an oxygen delivery conduit 70 (e.g., first conduit system) configured to direct oxygen from the oxygen source 16 toward one or more oral oxygen delivery ports and to one or more nasal oxygen delivery ports. In certain embodiments, the oxygen delivery conduit 70 may include one or more different conduits configured to direct oxygen to an oral and / or nasal cavity of a patient. The oxygen delivery conduit 70 may include a primary conduit 72 (e.g., main conduit, body conduit) extending within the interior space 53 in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along a lateral axis 202 of the cannula 50, and a plurality of secondary conduits 74 that each terminate at an oxygen delivery port 76. That is, a first set of the secondary conduits 74 may extend in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along the vertical axis 200 toward a nasal cavity of the patient, while a second set of the secondary conduits 74 may extend in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 200 toward an oral cavity of the patient. Thus, the oxygen delivery ports 76 associated with the first set of secondary conduits 74 may correspond to nasal oxygen delivery ports 78 opening away from the oral scoop 64, and the oxygen delivery ports 76 associated with the second set of secondary conduits 74 may correspond to oral oxygen delivery ports 80 opening toward the oral scoop 64. It should be understood that the cannula 50 may include one or more oxygen delivery ports 76. In an embodiment, the cannula 50 may include two, three, four, five, or more oxygen delivery ports 76.

[0041] Each of the oxygen delivery ports 76 may be sized and configured to enable appropriate distribution of oxygen to the patient. In an embodiment, the oxygen delivery ports 76 may be sizedand configured such that approximately fifty percent of the oxygen received from the oxygen source 16 is delivered to the nasal cavity of the patient, while approximately the remaining fifty percent of the oxygen received from the oxygen source 16 is delivered to the oral cavity of the patient, thereby providing adequate oxygenation to the patient. However, other distributions are also contemplated. Further, while two nasal oxygen delivery ports 78 are illustrated, it should be understood that more or fewer nasal oxygen delivery ports 78 may be used. In an embodiment, one, two, three, four, five or more nasal oxygen delivery ports 78 may be present on the cannula 50. Similarly, while a single oral oxygen delivery port 80 is illustrated, it should be understood that more oral oxygen delivery ports 80 may be used. In an embodiment, one, two, three, four, five or more oral oxygen delivery ports 80 may be present on the cannula 50.

[0042] The cannula 50 may also include an exhalation conduit 82 (e.g., second conduit system) configured to receive exhaled breath from the nasal cavity and the oral cavity of the patient. The exhaled breath may include carbon dioxide. Similar to the oxygen delivery conduit 70, the exhalation conduit 82 may include one or more different conduits extending in different directions to facilitate collection of exhaled breath from the patient’s oral and / or nasal cavities. For example, the exhalation conduit 82 may include a primary conduit 84 extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along the lateral axis 202 of the cannula 50, a pair of secondary conduits 86 extending in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along the vertical axis 200 of the cannula 50, and an additional secondary conduit 88 extending in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 200 of the cannula 50. The first set of secondary conduits 86 may be configured to extend through the channels 62 of the nasal prongs 60, and thus, may be configured to receive nasal exhaled breath from the patient and deliver the nasal exhaled breath to the primary conduit 84 of the exhalation conduit 82. The additional secondary conduit 88 may be configured to extend from the primary conduit 84 at a position proximate to the first end 52 of the cannula 50, and may be configured to extend through a portion of the movable oral scoop 64. In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 88 may include a port in fluid communication with a cavity of the movable oral scoop 64, thereby permitting the additional secondary conduit 88 to receive exhaled oral breath from the patient and deliver the exhaled oral breath to the primary conduit 84 of the exhalation conduit 82.

[0043] Further, as noted above, the movable oral scoop 64 may be configured to rotate about the additional secondary conduit 88 between a first configuration (illustrated in FIG. 3) in which the oral scoop 64 is positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and one or more second configurations (illustrated in FIG. 4) in which the oral scoop 64 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient, as described in greater detail below. While the additional secondary conduit 88 is illustrated as extending from the primary conduit 84 at a position proximate the first end 52 of the cannula 50, in other embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 88 may extend from the primary conduit 84 at a position proximate the second end 54 of the cannula 50. Further, the intake inlet 66 and the sampling outlet 68 may include suitable couplings or connectors to permit reversible attachment of conduits (e.g., tubing) to permit transfer of gases from the oxygen supply 16 and to the gas analyzer 20.

[0044] Each of the oxygen delivery conduit 70 and the exhalation conduit 82 may be fluidly isolated from one another, thereby limiting an amount of mixing between the oxygen delivered to the patient and the exhaled carbon dioxide received from the patient. In this way, the accuracy of the analysis performed by the gas analyzer 20 may be improved. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the sampling line 18 may be coupled to a suction source 21 (e.g., pump) configured to entrain exhaled breath into the sampling line 18. For example, the suction source 21 may be a pump configured to draw exhaled breath through the exhalation conduit 82, out of the sampling outlet 68, and toward the gas analyzer 20.

[0045] In an embodiment, the cannula 50 is a unitary structure. For example, the cannula 50 may be a molded or formed piece. In other embodiments, the cannula 50 may be assembled from component parts. The cannula body 52 may be silicon, rubber, plastic, other polymeric material, metal, or any other suitable material(s).

[0046] As noted above, in certain embodiments, the oral scoop 64 may be a movable oral scoop 64 configured to transition between a first configuration and a second configuration. For example, FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the cannula 50 in the first configuration in which the movable oral scoop 64 is configured to be positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the cannula 50 in the second configuration in which the movable oral scoop 64 is configured to be positioned away from the oral cavity of the patient. FIGS. 3 and 4will be described together. Thus, in the first configuration, the movable oral scoop 64 may be configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient, and direct the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit 82. However, in the second configuration, the movable oral scoop 64 may not be positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient, and thus may not receive exhaled oral breath. To facilitate discussion, the cannula 50 may be described with reference to an interior side 48 (e.g., patient facing side) and an exterior side 49 (e.g., environment facing side).

[0047] In the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4, the movable oral scoop 64 includes a body portion 90 which may define a cavity 92 configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient when the movable oral scoop 64 is in the first configuration, and the exhaled oral breath may include carbon dioxide. In certain embodiments, in the first configuration the movable oral scoop 64 is configured to at least in part contact the patient when the cannula 50 is in use, and in the second configuration the movable oral scoop 64 is configured to not contact the patient when the cannula 50 is in use.

[0048] In certain embodiments, the body portion 90 may include a passage 94 configured to receive the additional secondary conduit 88 of the exhalation conduit 82. For example, the passage 94 may extend in a direction (e.g., vertical direction) along the vertical axis 200 and may be sized such that the additional secondary conduit 88 may extend through the passage 94 in an assembled configuration of the cannula 50. In certain embodiments, a circumference and / or diameter of the passage 94 may be sized such that the movable oral scoop may rotate about the additional secondary conduit 88. For example, in certain embodiments, a size (e.g., circumference, diameter) of the passage 94 may be larger than a size (e.g., circumference, diameter) of the additional secondary conduit 88, thereby permitting the movable oral scoop 64 to rotate about the additional secondary conduit 88 between the first configuration and the second configuration. That is, the movable oral scoop 64 may be configured to rotate about the additional secondary conduit 88 in a first direction 96 away from the oral cavity of the patient to transition the movable oral scoop from the first configuration (seen in FIG. 3) to the second configuration (seen in FIG. 4). As the movable oral scoop 64 is rotated about the additional secondary conduit 88 in the first direction 96 away from the oral cavity of the patient, the patient may be permitted to perform everyday activities without interference from the movable oral scoop 64. For example, upon rotating the movable oral scoop 64 in the first direction 96 into the second configuration of the movable oral scoop 64, themovable oral scoop 64 may no longer be positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and thus, a patient may be capable of eating, drinking, and / or speaking without contacting the movable oral scoop 64.

[0049] When the patient is done performing the everyday activities, the patient (or a medical professional) may transition the movable oral scoop 64 from the second configuration (FIG. 4) back to the first configuration (FIG. 3). For example, the movable oral scoop 64 may be configured to rotate about the additional secondary conduit 88 in a second direction 98 toward the oral cavity of the patient. Upon rotating the movable oral scoop 64 in the second direction 98 (e.g., from the second configuration to the first configuration), the movable oral scoop 64 may again be positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient. For example, as the movable oral scoop 64 returns back to the first configuration (e.g., by rotating in the second direction 98), the cavity 92 of the movable oral scoop 64 may be positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient, thereby permitting the cavity 92 to receive and direct the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit 82.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 88 may include one or more protrusions configured to interact with (e.g., engage) one or more stops disposed within the passage 94 to limit rotation of the movable oral scoop 64 relative to the additional secondary conduit 88. For example, a first stop disposed within the passage 94 may be configured to engage with a first protrusion disposed on the additional secondary conduit 88, and a second stop disposed within the passage 84 may be configured to engage with a second protrusion disposed on the additional secondary conduit 88. Thus, as the movable oral scoop 64 rotates in the first direction 96 from the first configuration to the second configuration, the first stop may engage with the first protrusion, thereby limiting further movement (e.g., rotation) of the movable oral scoop 64 relative to the additional secondary conduit 88 in the first direction 96 away from the oral cavity of the patient. Similarly, as the movable oral scoop 64 rotates in the second direction 98 from the second configuration to the first configuration, the second stop may engage with the second protrusion, thereby limiting further movement (e.g., rotation) of the movable oral scoop 64 relative to the additional secondary conduit 88 in the second direction 98 toward the oral cavity of the patient.

[0051] In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 88 may include a port configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the cavity 92 of the movable oral scoop 64, and the port maybe opened or closed depending on the configuration of the movable oral scoop 64. For example, when the movable oral scoop 64 is in the first configuration and positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, the port may be open, thereby permitting exhaled oral breath to be collected by the cavity 92 of the movable oral scoop 64 and directed into the additional secondary conduit 88 via the port. However, when the movable oral scoop 64 is in the second configuration and positioned away from the oral cavity of the patient, the port may be closed. For example, as the movable oral scoop 64 rotates in the first direction 96 from the first configuration to the second configuration, the body portion 90 of the movable oral scoop 64 may rotate about the additional secondary conduit 88 such that a cross-sectional area of the port decreases from the first configuration to the second configuration. That is, in the first configuration of the movable oral scoop 64, the port may be unobstructed by the body portion 90, and thus, a cross-sectional area of the port may be greatest in the first configuration. However, as the movable oral scoop 64 rotates in the first direction 96 toward the second configuration, an increasing amount of the body portion 90 may obstruct and / or block the port such that the cross-sectional area of the port progressively decreases as the movable oral scoop 62 transitions from the first configuration to the second configuration. In certain embodiments, the body portion 90 may completely block the port when the movable oral scoop 62 is in the second configuration. Thus, upon transitioning the movable oral scoop 64 from the first configuration to the second configuration (e.g., upon rotating the movable oral scoop 64 in the first direction 96), a decreased amount of exhaled oral breath and / or ambient air (e.g., room air) in an area surrounding the patient may be entrained into the additional secondary conduit 88 because at least a portion of the port of the additional secondary conduit is blocked by the body portion 90 of the movable oral scoop 64. In this way, dilution of exhaled nasal breath (e.g., via ambient air entrained into the exhalation conduit 82) may be decreased, thereby increasing an accuracy associated with the analysis of the exhaled breath collected by the cannula 50 because ambient air (which may not include carbon dioxide) is not entrained into the exhalation conduit 82.

[0052] While the movable oral scoop 64 is in the second configuration, the cannula 50 may continue to receive exhaled nasal breath from the nasal cavity of the patient (e.g., via the nasal prongs 60), and the exhaled nasal breath may be directed into the exhalation conduit 82 for delivery to the gas analyzer 20. As noted above, in certain embodiments, a suction source 21 may be employed to entrain exhaled breath into the exhalation conduit 82. Thus, upon blocking off theport (e.g., by transitioning the movable oral scoop 64 from the first configuration to the second configuration), an amount of suction associated with the nasal prongs 60 may be increased, thereby permitting the cannula 50 to continue sampling exhaled breath even while the patient performs everyday activities. Further details of the port are discussed below with respect to FIGS. 5A and 5B.

[0053] Additionally, the size of the passage 94 relative to the size of the additional secondary conduit 88 may permit the movable oral scoop 64 to translate in a direction (e.g., vertical direction) along the vertical axis 200 to adjust a position of the movable oral scoop relative to an oral cavity of a patient. For example, different patients may have different facial structures, and thus may require different vertical positioning of the movable oral scoop 64 such that the movable oral scoop 64 is positioned proximate the oral cavity of the respective patient when the movable oral scoop 64 is in the first configuration. In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 88 may extend from an extension 87 of the cannula 50 for a distance 89 (e.g., height) in a direction (e.g., vertical direction) along the vertical axis 200, and may terminate at a knob 91. In certain embodiments, the movable oral scoop 64 may be configured to translate along the height 89 in a first direction 100 (e.g., upward direction) along the vertical axis 200 toward the extension 87 or a second direction 102 (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 200 toward the knob 91 to align with a patient’s oral cavity based on the physical characteristics of the patient (e.g., facial structure, location of patient’s oral cavity). That is, in certain embodiments, the extension 87 may be configured to limit movement of the movable oral scoop 64 in the first direction 100 and the knob 91 may be configured to limit movement of the movable oral scoop 64 in the second direction 102.

[0054] In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 88 may also include one or more stops configured to limit movement of the movable oral scoop 64 along the vertical axis 200 in the first direction 100 or the second direction 102. For example, a first stop 104 (e.g., upper stop) may be disposed on the additional secondary conduit 88 above the movable oral scoop 64 and below the extension 87 relative to the vertical axis 200, and a second stop 106 may be disposed on the additional secondary conduit 88 below the movable oral scoop 64 and above the knob 91 relative to the vertical axis 200. Thus, in embodiments in which the additional secondary conduit 88 includes the stops 102, 104, the movable oral scoop 64 may not translate along the entire height 89of the additional secondary conduit 88, and instead may translate for a distance 108 between the first stop 104 and the second stop 106.

[0055] FIG. 5A illustrates an embodiment of the movable oral scoop 64 in the first configuration, in which the movable oral scoop is configured to be positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient. FIG. 5B illustrates an embodiment of the movable oral scoop 64 in the second configuration, in which the movable oral scoop is configured to be rotated away from an oral cavity of a patient, thereby permitting the patient to perform everyday activities without interference from the movable oral scoop 64.

[0056] As illustrated in FIGS. 5 A and 5B, the movable oral scoop 64 includes the body portion 90 defining the cavity 92. Further, the body portion 90 of the movable oral scoop 64 includes the passage 94 configured to receive the additional secondary conduit 88 in an assembled configuration of the cannula 50. As noted above, the additional secondary conduit 88 may include a port 110 configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the cavity 92 of the movable oral scoop 64. However, depending on the configuration of the movable oral scoop 64 (e.g., depending on a position of the movable oral scoop between the first configuration and the second configuration), the port 110 may be opened, closed, or partially closed, thereby permitting or limiting exhaled oral breath from reaching the additional secondary conduit 88. That is, the movable oral scoop 64 may act as a valve to close the port 110 in certain positions. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5A, the body portion 90 of the movable oral scoop 64 may define an opening 112 configured to align with the port 110 when the movable oral scoop 64 is in the first configuration (e.g., when the movable oral scoop 64 is positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient). In this way, exhaled oral breath directed into the cavity 92 may pass through the opening 112 and into the port 110 such that the additional secondary conduit 88 of the exhalation conduit 82 receives the exhaled oral breath.

[0057] However, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, when the movable oral scoop 64 is in the second configuration, the opening 112 of the movable oral scoop 64 may not align with the port 110, and instead, the body portion 90 may block or close off the port 110 such that exhaled oral breath and / or ambient air is not received by the additional secondary conduit 88. That is, as the movable oral scoop 64 is rotated from the first configuration to the second configuration, the opening 112 may move out of alignment with the port 110 such that the port 110 is blocked off by the body portion90 of the movable oral scoop 64. Thus, as the movable oral scoop 64 is rotated away from the patient, a cross-sectional area of the port 110 may decrease (e.g., the port 110 may move toward a closed position) such that a decreased amount of ambient air surrounding the patient is entrained into the additional secondary conduit 88 and ultimately into the exhalation conduit 82. Further, as the movable oral scoop 64 transitions from the first configuration to the second configuration and the cross-sectional area of the port 110 is decreased, an amount of suction associated with the nasal prongs 60 of the cannula 50 may be increased. In this way, exhaled nasal breath may continue to be collected by the cannula 50 and passed to the gas analyzer 20 for analysis while the patient performs everyday activities without interference from the movable oral scoop 64. Further, by closing off the port 110 when the movable oral scoop 64 is in the second configuration, an accuracy of the analysis performed by the gas analyzer may be maintained and / or improved due to a lack of ambient air being entrained into the exhalation conduit 82, which would dilute the exhaled nasal breath received by the exhalation conduit 82 via the nasal prongs 60 (e.g., via the secondary conduits 86).

[0058] FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cannula 300 (e.g., cannula 14) configured to permit patients to perform everyday activities without interference from an oral scoop of the cannula 300. The cannula 300 may include similar features to the cannula 50. For example, the cannula 300 may include the interior side 48, the exterior side 49, the plurality of sides 54 that define the cannula body 52 and the interior space 53, the first end 56, the second end 58, the nasal prongs 60, the channels 62, the intake inlet 66 disposed at the first end 56 of the cannula body 52, and the sampling outlet 68 disposed at the second end 58 of the cannula body 52. Additionally, the cannula 300 may include the oxygen delivery conduit 70 (e.g., first conduit system) configured to receive oxygen from the oxygen source 16 and deliver the oxygen to the patient’s oral and nasal cavities. Thus, the cannula 300 may include the primary conduit 72 extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along a lateral axis 402 of the cannula 300, the first set of secondary conduits 74 extending in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along a vertical axis 400 of the cannula 300 toward the nasal cavity of the patient, the second set of secondary conduits 74 extending in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 400 of the cannula 300 toward the oral cavity of the patient, and the plurality of oxygen delivery ports 76, including the nasal oxygen delivery ports 78 and the oral oxygen delivery ports 80.

[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, the cannula 300 includes a movable oral scoop 302 positioned below the cannula body 52 relative to gravity. The movable oral scoop 302 may be configured to transition between a first configuration in which the movable oral scoop 302 is configured to be positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient, and a second configuration in which the movable oral scoop 302 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient, as discussed in greater detail below. In certain embodiments, the movable oral scoop 302 may include a neck 304 (e.g., neck portion) extending from the cannula body 52 in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 400 of the cannula 300 and a body portion 306 which may define a cavity 308 configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient. The exhaled oral breath may include carbon dioxide. It should be noted that while the body 306 of the movable oral scoop 302 is illustrated as having an oval shape, the body 306 of the movable oral scoop 302 may take on other shapes including square, triangular, or any other suitable shape without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In an embodiment, the movable oral scoop 302 is configured to at least in part contact the patient when the cannula 300 is in use and in the first configuration, as described in greater detail below.

[0060] In certain embodiments, the cannula 300 may also include an exhalation conduit 310 similar to the exhalation conduit 82 of the cannula 50 described above. That is, the exhalation conduit 310 may be configured to receive exhaled breath from the patient’ s oral and nasal cavities and direct the exhaled breath to the gas analyzer 20 via the sampling line 18. To this end, the exhalation conduit 310 may include one or more different conduits extending in different directions to facilitate collection of exhaled breath from the patient’s oral and / or nasal cavities. For example, the exhalation conduit 310 may include a primary conduit 312 extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along the lateral axis 402 of the cannula 300, a pair of secondary conduits 314 extending in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along the vertical axis 400 of the cannula 300, and an additional secondary conduit 316 extending in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 400 of the cannula 300. The first set of secondary conduits 314 may be configured to extend through the channels 62 of the nasal prongs 60, and thus, may be configured to receive nasal exhaled breath from the patient and deliver the nasal exhaled breath to the primary conduit 312 of the exhalation conduit 310. The additional secondary conduit 316 may be configured to extend from the primary conduit 312 at a position proximate to a middle region 301 of the cannula 300,and may be configured to extend through the movable oral scoop 302 such that the additional secondary conduit 316 may receive oral exhaled breath collected via the movable oral scoop 302. That is, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be in fluid communication with the cavity 308 of the movable oral scoop 302, thereby permitting the additional secondary conduit 316 to receive exhaled oral breath when the movable oral scoop 302 is in the first configuration. In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be fluidly coupled to a funnel 318 disposed within the movable oral scoop 302. The funnel 318 may be configured to facilitate collection of oral exhaled breath from the patient for collection and delivery of exhaled breath to the gas analyzer 20 for analysis. Additionally, similar to the cannula 50 discussed above, the sampling line 18 of the cannula 300 may be coupled to the suction source 21 (e.g., pump) configured to entrain exhaled breath into the sampling line 18. For example, the suction source 21 may be a pump configured to draw exhaled breath through the exhalation conduit 310, out of the sampling outlet 68, and toward the gas analyzer 20.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the movable oral scoop 302 may be configured to rotate about an axis 320 (e.g., hinge) extending through the neck 304 of the movable oral scoop 302 between a first configuration (illustrated in FIG. 6 and 7A) in which the movable oral scoop is positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and a second configuration (illustrated in FIG. 7B) in which the movable oral scoop 302 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient, as described in greater detail below. Further, each of the oxygen delivery conduit 70 and the exhalation conduit 310 may be fluidly isolated from one another, thereby limiting an amount of mixing between the oxygen delivered to the patient and the exhaled carbon dioxide received from the patient. In this way, the accuracy of the analysis performed by the gas analyzer 20 may be improved.

[0062] In an embodiment, the cannula 300 is a unitary structure. For example, the cannula 300 may be a molded piece or formed piece. In other embodiments, the cannula 300 may be assembled from component parts. The cannula body 52 may be silicon, rubber, plastic, other polymeric material, metal, or any other suitable material(s).

[0063] As noted above, in certain embodiments, the oral scoop 302 may be a movable oral scoop 302 configured to transition between a first configuration and a second configuration. For example, FIG. 7A illustrates an embodiment of the cannula 300 in the first configuration in which themovable oral scoop 302 is configured to be positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and FIG. 7B illustrates an embodiment of the cannula 300 in the second configuration in which the movable oral scoop 302 is configured to be positioned away from the oral cavity of the patient. FIGS. 7A and 7B will be described together. Thus, in the first configuration, the movable oral scoop 302 may be configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient, and direct the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit 310. However, in the second configuration, the movable oral scoop 302 may be rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient, and thus may not receive exhaled oral breath.

[0064] In the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 7A and 7B, the movable oral scoop 302 includes the neck 304 and the body portion 306 defining the cavity 308 configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient when the movable oral scoop 302 is in the first configuration. As noted above, in certain embodiments, in the first configuration, the movable oral scoop 302 is configured to at least in part contact the patient when the cannula 300 is in use. However, in the second configuration, the movable oral scoop 302 is not configured to contact the patient when the cannula 300 is in use.

[0065] To transition the movable oral scoop 302 from the first configuration to the second configuration, the patient (or a medical professional) may rotate (e.g., fold) the movable oral scoop 302 about the axis 320 in a first direction 322 (e.g., rotate the movable oral scoop 302 about the lateral axis 402 at a position proximate the axis 320, rotate the movable oral scoop 302 in an upward direction) away from the oral cavity of the patient. As the movable oral scoop 302 is rotated about the axis 320 in the first direction 322 away from the oral cavity of the patient, the patient may be permitted to perform everyday activities without interference from the movable oral scoop 302. For example, upon rotating the movable oral scoop 302 in the first direction 322 into the second configuration of the movable oral scoop 302, the movable oral scoop 302 may no longer be positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and thus, the patient may be capable of eating, drinking, and / or speaking without contacting the movable oral scoop 302.

[0066] As noted above, the additional secondary conduit 316 may extend into the movable oral scoop 302. Thus, in certain embodiments, upon rotating the movable oral scoop 302 in the first direction 322 away from the oral cavity of the patient, the additional secondary conduit 316 maybe blocked (e.g., pinched, closed off), thereby blocking oral exhaled breath from being delivered into the exhalation conduit 310. In certain embodiments, movement of the movable oral scoop 302 in the first direction 322 may cause a cross-sectional area of the additional secondary conduit 316 to decrease, thereby limiting oral exhaled breath from being delivered into the exhalation conduit 310. That is, a magnitude of the cross-sectional area of the additional secondary conduit 316 may progressively decrease from an upper limit capacity (e.g., fully open configuration) to a lower limit capacity (e.g., fully closed configuration) as the movable oral scoop 302 transitions from the first configuration to the second configuration (e.g., as the movable oral scoop rotates in the first direction 322) such that a decreased amount of exhaled oral breath is entrained into the additional secondary conduit 316 when the movable oral scoop 302 is in the second configuration relative to when the movable oral scoop 302 is in the first configuration. In this way, dilution of exhaled nasal breath (e.g., via ambient air entrained into the exhalation conduit 310) may be decreased, thereby increasing an accuracy associated with the analysis of the exhaled breath collected by the cannula 300.

[0067] Similar to the cannula 50 described above, while the movable oral scoop 302 of the cannula 300 is in the second configuration, the cannula 300 may continue to receive exhaled nasal breath from the nasal cavity of the patient (e.g., via the nasal prongs 60), and the exhaled nasal breath may be directed into the exhalation conduit 310 for delivery to the gas analyzer 20. As noted above, in certain embodiments, a suction source 21 may be employed to entrain exhaled breath into the exhalation conduit 310. Thus, upon closing (e.g., pinching, blocking) the additional secondary conduit 316 (e.g., via rotation of the movable oral scoop 302 in the first direction 322), an amount of suction associated with the nasal prongs 60 may be increased, thereby permitting the cannula 300 to continue sampling exhaled breath even while the patient performs everyday activities.

[0068] When the patient is done performing the everyday activities, the patient (or a medical professional) may transition (e.g., rotate, fold) the movable oral scoop 302 from the second configuration back to the first configuration. For example, the movable oral scoop 302 may be configured to rotate about the axis 320 (e.g., rotate about the lateral axis 402 at a position proximate the axis 320) in a second direction 324 (e.g., downward direction) toward the oral cavity of the patient. Upon rotating the movable oral scoop 302 in the second direction 324 (e.g., from the second configuration to the first configuration), the movable oral scoop 302 may again bepositioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient. Further, upon returning the movable oral scoop 302 to the first configuration, the cross-sectional area of the additional secondary conduit 316 may return to an upper limit capacity (e.g., completely open configuration, the additional secondary conduit 316 may no longer be blocked or pinched). That is, rotation of the movable oral scoop 302 in the second direction 324 from the second configuration to the first configuration may permit the additional secondary conduit 316 to extend in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 400 and into the cavity 308 of the movable oral scoop 302. As illustrated in FIG. 7A, when the additional secondary conduit 316 extends in the downward direction along the vertical axis 400, the additional secondary conduit 316 is not pinched or blocked off (e.g., the cross- sectional area of the additional secondary conduit 316 is at the upper limit capacity), thereby enabling the additional secondary conduit 316 to receive exhaled oral breath from the patient. For example, as the movable oral scoop 302 returns back to the first configuration (e.g., by rotating in the second direction 324), the cavity 308 of the movable oral scoop 302 may be positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient, thereby permitting the cavity 308 to receive and direct the exhaled oral breath into the additional secondary conduit 316 (e.g., via the funnel 318) and ultimately into the exhalation conduit 310.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the cannula 300 may include one or more features configured to maintain a position of the oral scoop in the second configuration. For example, FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a snap joint 330 (e.g., lock assembly) configured to transition between a unretained configuration (e.g., unengaged configuration, free configuration) and a retained configuration (e.g., engaged configuration), where in the retained configuration, movement of the oral scoop 302 is limited such that the oral scoop 302 remains in the second configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, the snap joint 330 includes a protrusion 332 (e.g., block, extension, clasp) and a receptacle 334 (e.g., cavity, recess, slot) configured to interact with one another to retain the oral scoop 302 in the second configuration. For example, the protrusion 332 may be positioned on the exterior side 49 of the oral scoop 302 and may extend in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along the longitudinal axis 404 away from the oral scoop 302 proximate a distal end of the oral scoop 302 (e.g., a bottom of the oral scoop relative to gravity when the oral scoop 302 is in the first configuration). The protrusion 332 and the receptacle 334 may be aligned (e.g., vertically aligned) relative to the lateral axis 402, and the protrusion 332 may be positioned on the oral scoop 302such that the protrusion 332 and the receptacle are aligned (e.g., horizontally aligned) relative to the vertical axis 400 when the oral scoop 302 is moved to the second position (e.g., when the oral scoop 302 is rotated about the axis 320). In this way, the receptacle 334 may receive the protrusion 332, as described in greater detail below.

[0070] For example, in the retained configuration, the protrusion 332 may be configured to interact with (e.g., engage) the receptacle 334. That is, upon rotating the oral scoop 302 about the axis 320, the receptacle 334 may receive and retain the protrusion 332 therein, thereby limiting movement of the oral scoop 302 from the second configuration to the first configuration (e.g., limiting movement of the oral scoop 302 in the direction 324). For example, when a patient (or a medical professional) transitions the oral scoop 302 to the second configuration, the protrusion 332 may be inserted into the receptacle 334 (e.g., in a direction along the longitudinal axis 404). The protrusion 332 may be retained within the receptacle 334 via a snap fit or interference fit. For example, a geometry and / or size (e.g., cross sectional area) of the receptacle 334 may be designed and / or selected based on a geometry and / or size (e.g., cross-sectional area) of the protrusion 332. Thus, it should be appreciated that while a rectangular protrusion 332 and a rectangular receptacle 334 are illustrated, the snap joint 330 may include a protrusion having any shape or geometry and a corresponding receptacle configured to receive the protrusion via a snap fit or interference fit.

[0071] Additionally, or alternatively, the snap joint 330 may retain the oral scoop 302 in the second configuration via other features and / or methods. For example, FIG. 9A and 9B illustrate an embodiment of the snap joint 330 in the unretained configuration, where the protrusion 332 is a hook having an extension 333 configured to interact with (e.g., engage) a lip 335 disposed within the receptacle. Indeed, upon inserting the protrusion 332 into the receptacle 334 (e.g., as described above), the lip 335 of the receptacle 334 may engage with the extension 333 of the protrusion 332, thereby further limiting movement of the oral scoop 302 in the direction 324.

[0072] Other embodiments of the snap joint 330 are also contemplated. For example, FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an embodiment of the snap joint 330 having a port 340 (e.g., orifice, cavity, hole, snapping hole) and an extension 342 (e.g., hook) in an unretained configuration (FIG. 10A) and a retained configuration (FIG. 10B). The port 340 may be positioned proximate a distal end of the cannula 300 and may extend for a depth into the body 306. Notably, the port 340 is not in fluidcommunication with the cavity 308. The port 340 may be aligned with the extension 342 relative to the lateral axis 402. The extension 342 may be positioned on the exterior side 49 of the cannula body 52 between the nasal prongs 60, and may include a first portion 343 (e.g., body portion) extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along the longitudinal axis 404 away from the cannula 300 and a second portion 344 (e.g., hook portion) extending in a direction (e.g., vertical direction) along the vertical axis 400.

[0073] The port 340 may be configured to interact with (e.g., engage) the extension 342 to retain the oral scoop 302 in the second configuration. For example, when a patient (or a medical professional) transitions the oral scoop 302 to the second configuration, the oral scoop 302 may be rotated such that the port 340 is oriented in a direction (e.g., vertically downward direction) along the vertical axis 400. Upon orienting the port 340 in a direction along the vertical axis 400, the port 340 may be placed on the extension 342 such that the port 340 captures the second portion 344 of the extension 342 therein. That is, the port 342 may circumscribe and / or receive the second portion 344 of the extension 342, thereby limiting movement of the oral scoop 302 in the direction 324.

[0074] FIGS. 11A and 1 IB illustrate an embodiment of a cannula 500 (e.g., cannula 14) configured to permit patients to perform everyday activities without interference from an oral scoop of the cannula 500. The cannula 500 may include similar features to the cannula 50. For example, the cannula 500 may include the interior side 48, the exterior side 49, the plurality of sides 54 that define the cannula body 52 and the interior space 53, the first end 56, the second end 58, the nasal prongs 60, the channels 62, the intake inlet 66 disposed at the first end 56 of the cannula body 52, and the sampling outlet 68 disposed at the second end 58 of the cannula body 52. Additionally, the cannula 500 may include the oxygen delivery conduit 70 (e.g., first conduit system) configured to receive oxygen from the oxygen source 16 and deliver the oxygen to a patient’s oral and nasal cavities. Thus, the cannula 500 may include the primary conduit 72 extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along a lateral axis 502 of the cannula 500, the first set of secondary conduits 74 extending in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along a vertical axis 504 of the cannula 500 toward the nasal cavity of the patient, the second set of secondary conduits 74 extending in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 504 of the cannula 500 toward the oralcavity of the patient, and the plurality of oxygen delivery ports 76, including the nasal oxygen delivery ports 78 and the oral oxygen delivery ports 80.

[0075] In the illustrated embodiment, the cannula 500 includes a movable oral scoop 510 configured to transition between a first configuration in which the movable oral scoop 510 is configured to be positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient, and a second configuration in which the movable oral scoop 510 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient. To this end, the movable oral scoop 510 may include a hinge 512 (e.g., neck portion, butterfly hinge) extending from the cannula body 52 in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 504 of the cannula 500 (e.g., when the cannula is in the first configuration). The hinge 512 may be configured to transition between an extended configuration (illustrated in FIG. 11 A) and a collapsed configuration (illustrated in FIG. 11B). The hinge 512 may couple the cannula body 52 to a body portion 514 of the oral scoop 510. For example, the hinge 512 may include a first portion 516 (e.g., first wing) coupled to the cannula body 52 and a second portion 518 (e.g., second wing) coupled to the body portion 514 of the oral scoop 510, and each of the first and second portions 516, 518 may be coupled to one another via a joint 517. As the oral scoop 510 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient, the first and second portions 516, 518 may collapse about the joint 517, thereby enabling the oral scoop 510 to transition from the first configuration to the second configuration. In certain embodiments, the hinge 512 may define a passage 520 configured to receive exhaled breath from the oral scoop 510, as described in greater detail below.

[0076] The cannula 500 may also include similar features to the cannula 300 described above. For example, the cannula 500 may include the exhalation conduit 310 (e.g., which may be similar to the exhalation conduit 82) having the primary conduit 312 extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along the lateral axis 502 of the cannula 500, the pair of secondary conduits 314 extending in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along the vertical axis 504 of the cannula 500, and the additional secondary conduit 316 extending in a direction (e.g., downward direction when the oral scoop 510 is in the first configuration) along the vertical axis 504 of the cannula 500. The first set of secondary conduits 314 may be configured to extend through the channels 62 of the nasal prongs 60, and thus, may be configured to receive nasal exhaled breath from the patient and deliver the nasal exhaled breath to the primary conduit 312 of the exhalation conduit 310.

[0077] The additional secondary conduit 316 may be configured to extend from the primary conduit 312 at a position proximate a middle region of the cannula 500 (e.g., relative to the lateral axis 502), and may be configured to extend through the passage 520 defined by the hinge 512 and into the oral scoop 510 such that the additional secondary conduit 316 may receive oral exhaled breath collected via the movable oral scoop 510. For example, the body portion 514 may define a cavity 522 configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient. The exhaled oral breath may include carbon dioxide. Exhaled oral breath within the cavity 522 may be entrained into the additional secondary conduit 316 which may extend through the passage 520 of the hinge 512. That is, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be in fluid communication with the cavity 522 of the oral scoop 510, thereby permitting the additional secondary conduit 316 to receive exhaled oral breath when the movable oral scoop 510 is in the first configuration. In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be fluidly coupled to a funnel 318 disposed within the movable oral scoop 510. The funnel 318 may be configured to facilitate collection of oral exhaled breath from the patient for collection and delivery of exhaled breath to the gas analyzer 20 for analysis. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the passage 520 defined by the hinge 512 may serve as the additional secondary conduit 316, and thus, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be omitted. For example, the first portion 516 of the hinge 512 may define a first portion of the passage 520 that is fluidly coupled to the primary conduit 312 of the exhalation conduit 310 (e.g., downstream portion relative to a direction of exhaled oral breath through the passage and into the exhalation conduit 310), and the second portion 518 of the hinge 512 may define a second portion of the passage 520 that is fluidly coupled to the cavity 522 of the oral scoop 510. When the movable oral scoop 510 is in the first configuration (e.g., when the hinge 512 is in the extended configuration), the first portion of the passage 520 and the second portion of the passage 520 may be in fluid communication with one another. In this way, when the oral scoop 510 is in the first configuration, a flow path for exhaled oral breath to the gas analyzer 20 may be provided.

[0078] As noted above, the movable oral scoop 510 may be configured to transition between a first configuration (illustrated in FIG. 11 A) in which the movable oral scoop is positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and a second configuration (illustrated in FIG. 1 IB) in which the movable oral scoop 302 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient based on a configuration of thehinge 512. For example, when the hinge 512 is in the extended configuration, the oral scoop 510 may be in the first configuration such that the oral scoop 510 is positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient. However, transitioning the hinge 512 to the collapsed configuration may cause the movable oral scoop 510 to transition to the second configuration in which the oral scoop 510 is moved (e.g., rotated) away from the oral cavity of the patient, as described in greater detail below. Further, each of the oxygen delivery conduit 70 and the exhalation conduit 310 may be fluidly isolated from one another, thereby limiting an amount of mixing between the oxygen delivered to the patient and the exhaled carbon dioxide received from the patient. In this way, the accuracy of the analysis performed by the gas analyzer 20 may be improved.

[0079] In an embodiment, the cannula 500 is a unitary structure. For example, the cannula 500 may be a molded piece or formed piece. In other embodiments, the cannula 500 may be assembled from component parts. The cannula body 52 may be silicon, rubber, plastic, other polymeric material, metal, or any other suitable material(s).

[0080] As noted above, in the first configuration (illustrated in FIG. 11 A), the movable oral scoop 510 is positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient and is configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient, and direct the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit 310. However, in the second configuration, the movable oral scoop 510 may be rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient, and thus may not receive exhaled oral breath. For example, to transition the movable oral scoop 510 from the first configuration to the second configuration, the patient (or a medical professional) may adjust the hinge 510 from the extended configuration to the collapsed configuration. In certain embodiments, rotation of the oral scoop 510 away from the oral cavity of the patient (e.g., rotation of the oral scoop 510 about the lateral axis 502 in an upward direction 530) may cause the hinge 512 to collapse about the joint 517 from the extended configuration to the collapsed configuration. As the movable oral scoop 510 is rotated in the direction 530 away from the oral cavity of the patient, the patient may be permitted to perform everyday activities without interference from the movable oral scoop 510. For example, upon the hinge 512 transitioning from the extended configuration to the collapsed configuration, the oral scoop 510 may be retained in the second configuration and may no longer be positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient. Thus, the patient may be capable of eating, drinking, and / or speaking without contacting the movable oral scoop 510.

[0081] As noted above, the additional secondary conduit 316 may extend into the movable oral scoop 510. Upon rotating the movable oral scoop 510 in the direction 530 away from the oral cavity of the patient (e.g., upon transitioning the hinge 512 from the extended configuration to the collapsed configuration), the flow path (e.g., fluid communication line) between the second portion of the passage 520 and the first portion of the passage 520 may be broken (e.g., collapsed, blocked), and thus the additional secondary conduit 316 extending through the passage 520, may be blocked (e.g., pinched, closed off). In this way, a decreased amount of oral exhaled breath may be delivered into the exhalation conduit 310. That is, rotation of the movable oral scoop 510 in the direction 530, which may cause the hinge 512 to transition from the extended configuration to the collapsed configuration, may also cause fluid flow path between the first portion of the passage 520 and the second portion of the passage 520 to be broken (and / or the additional secondary conduit 316 to be blocked, pinched, or closed off), such that exhaled oral breath is no longer entrained into the additional secondary conduit 316.

[0082] In this way, exhaled oral breath and / or ambient air (e.g., room air) in an area surrounding the patient may not be entrained into the additional secondary conduit 316 because the additional secondary conduit 316 is pinched or closed off via transition of the hinge 512 from the extended configuration to the collapsed configuration. In this way, dilution of exhaled nasal breath (e.g., via ambient air entrained into the exhalation conduit 310) may be decreased, thereby increasing an accuracy associated with the analysis of exhaled breath collected by the cannula 500.

[0083] Similar to the cannulas 50 and 300 described above, while the movable oral scoop 510 of the cannula 500 is in the second configuration, the cannula 500 may continue to receive exhaled nasal breath from the nasal cavity of the patient (e.g., via the nasal prongs 60), and the exhaled nasal breath may be directed into the exhalation conduit 310 for delivery to the gas analyzer 20. As noted above, in certain embodiments, a suction source 21 may be employed to entrain exhaled breath into the exhalation conduit 310. Thus, upon closing (e.g., pinching, blocking) the additional secondary conduit 316 (e.g., via rotation of the movable oral scoop 510 in the direction 530, via transition of the hinge 512 from the extended configuration to the collapsed configuration), an amount of suction associated with the nasal prongs 60 may be increased, thereby permitting the cannula 500 to continue sampling exhaled breath even while the patient performs everyday activities.

[0084] When the patient is done performing the everyday activities, the patient (or a medical professional) may transition (e.g., rotate, fold) the movable oral scoop 510 from the second configuration back to the first configuration. For example, the movable oral scoop 510 may be configured to rotate about the hinge 512 in a direction 532 (e.g., downward direction) toward the oral cavity of the patient. Upon rotating the movable oral scoop 510 in the direction 532 (e.g., from the second configuration to the first configuration), the hinge 512 may transition from the collapsed configuration to the extended configuration, and the movable oral scoop 510 may again be positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient. Further, upon returning the movable oral scoop 510 to the first configuration, the additional secondary conduit 316 may no longer be blocked. That is, rotation of the movable oral scoop 510 in the direction 532 from the second configuration to the first configuration may cause the hinge 512 to transition from the collapsed configuration to the extended configuration. In the extended configuration of the hinge 512, the first portion of the passage 520 and the second portion of the passage 520 may be in fluid communication with one another (e.g., the fluid flow path between the first portion of the passage 520 and the second portion of the passage 520 may no longer be blocked), and thus, the additional secondary conduit 316 may extend through the passage 520 in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 504 and into the cavity 522 of the movable oral scoop 302. As illustrated in FIG. 11 A, when the hinge 512 is in the extended configuration, the passage 520 and additional secondary conduit 316 are not pinched or blocked off, and instead may receive exhaled oral breath from the patient. For example, as the movable oral scoop 510 returns back to the first configuration (e.g., by rotating in the direction 532), the cavity 522 of the movable oral scoop 510 may be positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient, thereby permitting the cavity 522 to receive and direct the exhaled oral breath into the additional secondary conduit 316 (e.g., via the funnel 318) and ultimately into the exhalation conduit 310.

[0085] It should be appreciated that in the embodiment of the cannula 500 illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 1 IB, the hinge 512 may limit positioning of the movable oral scoop 510 between a first position in the first configuration and a second position in the second configuration. That is, the hinge 512 may limit the movable oral scoop 510 from being retained at an intermediate position between the first position and the second position.

[0086] FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate an embodiment of a cannula 600 (e.g., cannula 14) configured to permit patients to perform everyday activities without interference from an oral scoop of the cannula 600. The cannula 600 may include similar features to the cannula 50. For example, the cannula 600 may include the interior side 48, the exterior side 49, the plurality of sides 54 that define the cannula body 52 and the interior space 53, the first end 56, the second end 58, the nasal prongs 60, the channels 62, the intake inlet 66 disposed at the first end 56 of the cannula body 52, and the sampling outlet 68 disposed at the second end 58 of the cannula body 52. Additionally, the cannula 600 may include the oxygen delivery conduit 70 (e.g., first conduit system) configured to receive oxygen from the oxygen source 16 and deliver the oxygen to a patient’s oral and nasal cavities. Thus, the cannula 600 may include the primary conduit 72 extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along a lateral axis 602 of the cannula 600, the first set of secondary conduits 74 extending in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along a vertical axis 604 of the cannula 500 toward the nasal cavity of the patient, the second set of secondary conduits 74 extending in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 604 of the cannula 500 toward the oral cavity of the patient, and the plurality of oxygen delivery ports 76, including the nasal oxygen delivery ports 78 and the oral oxygen delivery ports 80.

[0087] In the illustrated embodiment, the cannula 600 includes a movable oral scoop 610 that is configured to transition between a first configuration in which the movable oral scoop 610 is configured to be positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient, and a second configuration in which the movable oral scoop 610 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient. To this end, the movable oral scoop 610 may include a hinge 612 (e.g., flexible hinge, concertina-type hinge, articulated-type hinge, angle-adjustable hinge) extending from the cannula body 52 in a direction (e.g., downward direction) along the vertical axis 604 of the cannula 600 (e.g., when the oral scoop 610 is in the first configuration). The hinge 612 may couple the cannula body 52 to a body portion 614 of the oral scoop 610. For example, the hinge 612 may include a first end 616 (e.g., body end, upper end, proximal end) coupled to the cannula body 52, a second end 618 (e.g., scoop end, lower end, distal end) coupled to the body portion 614 of the oral scoop 610, and a body portion 617 extending between the first end 616 and the second end 618. In certain embodiments, the hinge 612 may define a passage 620 configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral scoop 610.

[0088] The cannula 600 may also include similar features to the cannulas 300 and 500 described above. For example, the cannula 600 may include the exhalation conduit 310 (e.g., which may be similar to the exhalation conduit 82) having the primary conduit 312 extending in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along the lateral axis 602 of the cannula 600, the pair of secondary conduits 314 extending in a direction (e.g., upward direction) along the vertical axis 604 of the cannula 600, and the additional secondary conduit 316 extending in a direction (e.g., downward direction when the oral scoop 610 is in the first configuration) along the vertical axis 604 of the cannula 600. The first set of secondary conduits 314 may be configured to extend through the channels 62 of the nasal prongs 60, and thus, may be configured to receive nasal exhaled breath from the patient and deliver the nasal exhaled breath to the primary conduit 312 of the exhalation conduit 310.

[0089] The additional secondary conduit 316 may be configured to extend from the primary conduit 312 at a position proximate a middle region of the cannula 600, and may be configured to extend through the passage 620 defined by the hinge 612 and into the oral scoop 610 such that the additional secondary conduit 316 may receive oral exhaled breath collected via the movable oral scoop 610. For example, the body portion 614 may define a cavity 622 configured to receive exhaled oral breath from the oral cavity of the patient. The exhaled oral breath may include carbon dioxide. Exhaled oral breath within the cavity 622 may be entrained into the additional secondary conduit 316 which may extend through the passage 620 of the hinge 612. That is, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be in fluid communication with the cavity 622 of the oral scoop 510, thereby permitting the additional secondary conduit 316 to receive exhaled oral breath when the movable oral scoop 510 is in the first configuration. In certain embodiments, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be fluidly coupled to a funnel 318 disposed within the movable oral scoop 610. The funnel 318 may be configured to facilitate collection of oral exhaled breath from the patient for collection and delivery of exhaled breath to the gas analyzer 20 for analysis. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the passage 620 defined by the hinge 612 may serve as the additional secondary conduit 316, and thus, the additional secondary conduit 316 may be omitted. For example, the first end 616 of the hinge 612 may be fluidly coupled to the primary conduit 312 and the second end 618 of the hinge 612 may be fluidly coupled to the cavity 622 of the oral scoop, thereby providing a flow path for exhaled oral breath to the gas analyzer 20.

[0090] The movable oral scoop 610 may be configured to transition between a first configuration (illustrated in FIG. 12A) in which the movable oral scoop 610 is positioned proximate an oral cavity of the patient, and a second configuration (illustrated in FIG. 12B) in which the movable oral scoop 302 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient based on a configuration and / or position of the hinge 612. For example, the hinge 612 may be a flexible hinge that can be adjusted between a first configuration (e.g., extended configuration, illustrated in FIG. 12A), a second configuration (e.g., fully rotated configuration, illustrated in FIG. 12B), and a plurality of discrete, intermediate configurations between the first configuration and the second configuration. When the hinge 612 is in the first configuration, the movable oral scoop 610 may also be in the first configuration such that the movable oral scoop 610 is positioned proximate the oral cavity of the patient, and when the hinge 612 is in the second configuration, the movable oral scoop 610 may also be in the second configuration such that the movable oral scoop is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient.

[0091] Further, when the hinge 612 is in one of the intermediate configurations between the first configuration and the second configuration of the hinge 612, the movable oral scoop 610 may be at least partially in the second configuration such that the movable oral scoop 610 is rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient. That is, a distance between the cavity 622 of the movable oral scoop 610 and the oral cavity of the patient may progressively increase as the hinge 612 is adjusted from the first configuration to the second configuration. Notably, the structure of the hinge 612 may enable the hinge 612 to retain a particular intermediate position, as desired. For example, the hinge 612 may include a series of corrugations 624 separated by valleys 626, and may be composed of any suitable material that enables the hinge 612 to retain a particular shape. In this way, a patient (or a medical professional) may be permitted to move the oral scoop 610 to any position between the first configuration illustrated in FIG. 12A and the second configuration illustrated in FIG. 12B, thereby providing additional degrees of freedom for the patient.

[0092] To transition the oral scoop 610 from the first configuration to one of the plurality of second configurations (e.g., second configuration of the hinge 612 or the intermediate configurations of the hinge 612 that enable the scoop 610 to be rotated away from the oral cavity of the patient), the patient (or a medical professional) may adjust the hinge 612 from the first configuration (e.g., extended configuration) to the second configuration or one of the intermediate configurations. Incertain embodiments, rotation of the oral scoop 610 away from the oral cavity of the patient (e.g., rotation of the oral scoop 610 about the lateral axis 602 in an upward direction 630) may cause one or more of the valleys 626 (e.g., positioned proximate the exterior side 49) to collapse, thereby causing a distance between one or more of the corrugations 624 to decrease. As the valleys 626 collapse, the hinge 612 may retain its shape, thereby enabling a position of the oral scoop 610 to be maintained at any position between the first configuration illustrated in FIG. 12A and the second configuration illustrated in FIG. 12B.

[0093] Notably, as the oral scoop is rotated in the direction 530 away from the oral scoop, a cross- sectional area of the passage 620 (and thus the additional secondary conduit 316) may progressively decrease. That is, a magnitude of the cross-sectional area of the passage 620 may be greatest when the hinge 612 is the in first configuration illustrated in FIG. 12A and the magnitude of the cross- sectional area of the passage 620 may progressively decrease as the hinge 612 transitions to the second configuration illustrated in FIG. 12B. In this way, an amount of ambient air (e.g., room air) in an area surrounding the patient that may be entrained into the passage 620 may progressively decrease as the movable oral scoop 610 is rotated in the direction 630 away from the patient, thereby decreasing dilution of exhaled nasal breath. As a result, an accuracy associated with the analysis of exhaled breath collected by the cannula 600 may increase.

[0094] Similar to the cannulas 50, 300, and 500 described above, while the movable oral scoop 610 of the cannula 600 is rotated away from the patient (e.g., while the oral scoop 610 is in any one of the plurality of second configurations enabled by the intermediate configurations of the hinge 612), the cannula 600 may continue to receive exhaled nasal breath from the nasal cavity of the patient (e.g., via the nasal prongs 60), and the exhaled nasal breath may be directed into the exhalation conduit 310 for delivery to the gas analyzer 20. As noted above, in certain embodiments, a suction source 21 may be employed to entrain exhaled breath into the exhalation conduit 310. Thus, as the cross-sectional area of the passage 620 progressively decreases, via transition of the hinge 612 from the first configuration to the second configuration, an amount of suction associated with the nasal prongs 60 may be increased, thereby permitting the cannula 600 to continue sampling exhaled breath even while the patient performs everyday activities.

[0095] When the patient is done performing the everyday activities, the patient (or a medical professional) may transition (e.g., rotate, fold) the movable oral scoop 610 from any one of the second configurations back to the first configuration. For example, the movable oral scoop 610 may be configured to rotate in a direction 632 (e.g., downward direction) toward the oral cavity of the patient. As the movable oral scoop 610 is rotated in the direction 632, the cross-sectional area of the passage 620 may progressively increase, thereby enabling exhaled oral breath to be captured by the cavity 622 and entrained into the passage 620. It should be appreciated that in certain embodiments, the hinge 612 may also be adjusted in a direction (e.g., horizontal direction) along the lateral axis 602 such that the movable oral scoop 610 may move laterally relative to the oral cavity of the patient. Indeed, the flexible hinge 612 may enable the movable oral scoop 610 to be moved to any number of positions away from the oral cavity of the patient, thereby enabling the patient to perform everyday activities with a decreased amount of interreference from the oral scoop 610.

[0096] It should be appreciated that certain of the features discussed herein may be incorporated into various embodiments of the cannulas discussed above. For example, each of the cannulas 500 and 600 may employ a snap joint (e.g., snap joint 330) to retain the respective movable oral scoop (e.g., oral scoop 510, oral scoop 610) in the second configuration. However, as discussed above, the cannulas 500 and 600 may have other features (e.g., the hinge 512, the hinge 612) that enable the respective cannula 500, 600 to retain the oral scoop in the second configuration without the use of a snap joint.

[0097] The subject matter described in detail above may be defined by one or more examples, as set forth below.

[0098] A cannula for exhaled gas monitoring includes an exhalation conduit exiting the cannula, first and second nasal prongs each comprising a channel directing exhaled nasal breath into the exhalation conduit, and a movable oral scoop that transitions between a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the movable oral scoop delivers exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit in the first configuration, and reduces delivery of the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit in the second configuration relative to the first configuration.

[0099] The cannula of the preceding example, wherein the exhalation conduit includes a primary conduit extending in a first direction along a lateral axis of the cannula, a pair of secondary conduits extending in a second direction along a vertical axis of the cannula, and an additional secondary conduit extending in a third direction along the vertical axis of the cannula.

[0100] The cannula of any preceding example, wherein the movable oral scoop is rotatable about the additional secondary conduit between the first configuration and the second configuration.

[0101] The cannula of any preceding example, wherein the additional secondary conduit comprises a port to receive the exhaled oral breath from the movable oral scoop.

[0102] The cannula of any preceding example, wherein the movable oral scoop includes a body portion, wherein the body portion defines: a cavity to receive the exhaled oral breath, and an opening that aligns with the port of the additional secondary conduit with the movable oral scoop in the first configuration.

[0103] The cannula of any preceding example, wherein the opening does not align with the port of the additional secondary conduit with the movable oral scoop in the second configuration.

[0104] The cannula of any preceding example, wherein the body portion blocks the port with the movable oral scoop in the second configuration.

[0105] A capnography system includes a cannula having an oxygen delivery conduit entering the cannula, an exhalation conduit exiting the cannula, and a movable oral scoop that transitions between a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the movable oral scoop is fluidly coupled to the exhalation conduit in the first configuration. The capnography system further includes a monitor fluidly coupled to the exhalation conduit to analyze exhaled carbon dioxide received via the exhalation conduit.

[0106] The capnography system of any preceding example, wherein the movable oral scoop is positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient in the first configuration and positioned away from the oral cavity of the patient in the second configuration in operation.

[0107] The capnography system of any preceding example, wherein the exhalation conduit comprises a secondary conduit extending in a direction along a vertical axis of the cannula, wherein the movable oral scoop is rotatable about the secondary conduit between the first configuration and the second configuration.

[0108] The capnography system of any preceding example, wherein the movable oral scoop comprises a cavity and an opening disposed within the cavity, wherein the opening aligns with a port of the secondary conduit in the first configuration of the movable oral scoop to receive exhaled oral breath collected via the cavity.

[0109] The capnography system of any preceding example, wherein the movable oral scoop comprises a body portion blocking the port of the secondary conduit in the second configuration of the movable oral scoop.

[0110] The capnography system of any preceding example, wherein the movable oral scoop is translatable along a height of the secondary conduit.

[0111] The capnography system of any preceding example, wherein the movable oral scoop is lockable in the first configuration or the second configuration.

[0112] The capnography system of any preceding example, wherein the movable scoop is rotatable about a hinge.

[0113] A method of capnography includes positioning a movable oral scoop in a first configuration such that the movable oral scoop is proximate an oral cavity of a patient, receiving, via the movable oral scoop, an exhaled oral breath from a patient, wherein the exhaled oral breath comprises carbon dioxide, receiving, via one or more nasal prongs, an exhaled nasal breath from the patient, wherein the exhaled nasal breath comprises carbon dioxide, and rotating the movable oral scoop to a second configuration such that the movable oral scoop is positioned away from the oral cavity of the patient.

[0114] While the disclosure may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the embodiments provided hereinare not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the various embodiments may cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A cannula (50, 300, 500, 600) for exhaled gas monitoring, the cannula comprising: an exhalation conduit (82, 310) exiting the cannula (50, 300, 500, 600); first and second nasal prongs (60) each comprising a channel (62) directing exhaled nasal breath into the exhalation conduit (82, 310); and a movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) that transitions between a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) delivers exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit (82, 310) in the first configuration, and reduces delivery of the exhaled oral breath into the exhalation conduit (82, 310) in the second configuration relative to the first configuration.

2. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the exhalation conduit comprises: a primary conduit extending in a first direction along a lateral axis of the cannula; a pair of secondary conduits extending in a second direction along a vertical axis of the cannula; and an additional secondary conduit extending in a third direction along the vertical axis of the cannula.

3. The cannula of claim 2, wherein the movable oral scoop is rotatable about the additional secondary conduit between the first configuration and the second configuration.

4. The cannula of claim 2 or 3, wherein the additional secondary conduit comprises a port to receive the exhaled oral breath from the movable oral scoop.

5. The cannula of any of claims 1-4, wherein the movable oral scoop comprises: a body portion, wherein the body portion defines: a cavity to receive the exhaled oral breath; and an opening that aligns with the port of the additional secondary conduit with the movable oral scoop in the first configuration.

6. The cannula of any of claims 1-5, wherein the opening does not align with the port of the additional secondary conduit with the movable oral scoop in the second configuration.

7. The cannula of any of claims 1-6, wherein the body portion blocks the port with the movable oral scoop in the second configuration.

8. A capnography system (10), comprising: a cannula (50, 300, 500, 600) comprising: an oxygen delivery conduit (70) entering the cannula (50, 300, 500, 600); an exhalation conduit (82, 310) exiting the cannula (50, 300, 500, 600); and a movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) that transitions between a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) is fluidly coupled to the exhalation conduit (82, 310) in the first configuration; and a monitor (20) fluidly coupled to the exhalation conduit (82, 310) to analyze exhaled carbon dioxide received via the exhalation conduit (82, 310).

9. The capnography system of claim 8, wherein the movable oral scoop is positioned proximate an oral cavity of a patient in the first configuration and away from the oral cavity of the patient in the second configuration in operation.

10. The capnography system of claim 8 or 9, wherein the exhalation conduit comprises a secondary conduit extending in a direction along a vertical axis of the cannula, wherein the movable oral scoop is rotatable about the secondary conduit between the first configuration and the second configuration.

11. The capnography system of any of claims 8-10, wherein the movable oral scoop comprises a cavity and an opening disposed within the cavity, wherein the opening aligns with a port of the secondary conduit in the first configuration of the movable oral scoop to receive exhaled oral breath collected via the cavity.

12. The capnography system of any of claims 8-11, wherein the movable oral scoop comprises a body portion blocking the port of the secondary conduit in the second configuration of the movable oral scoop.

13. The capnography system of any of claims 8-12, wherein the movable oral scoop is translatable along a height of the secondary conduit.

14. The capnography system of any of claims 8-13, wherein the movable oral scoop is lockable in the first or second configuration.

15. A method of capnography, the method comprising: positioning a movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) in a first configuration such that the movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) is proximate an oral cavity of a patient; receiving, via the movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610), an exhaled oral breath from a patient, wherein the exhaled oral breath comprises carbon dioxide; receiving, via one or more nasal prongs (60), an exhaled nasal breath from the patient, wherein the exhaled nasal breath comprises carbon dioxide; and rotating the movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) to a second configuration such that the movable oral scoop (64, 302, 510, 610) is positioned away from the oral cavity of the patient.

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