Aperiodic reference signals for transmission configuration indication (TCI) state activation
By employing aperiodic reference signals in wireless communication systems, the TCI activation latency is reduced, enhancing the reliability and efficiency of TCI state switching and mitigating signal degradation issues.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/135073
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems face challenges in reducing TCI activation latency, which is caused by the need for periodic reference signals, leading to delays in activating new TCI states and potentially resulting in signal degradation and communication drops.
The use of aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with a TCI state, which are transmitted after a TCI state activation command, allowing the UE to measure these signals before their periodic counterparts, thereby reducing activation latency.
This approach significantly reduces TCI activation latency, enabling faster switching between TCI states and improving communication reliability by avoiding dropped communications due to signal degradation.
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Figure CN2023135073_05062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APERIODIC REFERENCE SIGNALS FOR TRANSMISSION CONFIGURATION INDICATION (TCI) STATE ACTIVATION
[0001] INTRODUCTION
[0002] Field of the Disclosure
[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for transmission configuration indication (TCI) state activation.
[0004] Description of Related Art
[0005] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0006] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0007] One aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes receiving a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at the apparatus; receiving one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with the first TCI state after reception of the TCI state activation command; and activating the first TCI state after reception of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0008] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes sending a TCI state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at a user equipment (UE) ; sending one or more aperiodic RSs associated with the first TCI state after transmission of the TCI state activation command; and activating the first TCI state after transmission of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0009] Other aspects provide: one or more apparatuses operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that instructions may be included in only one computer-readable medium or in a distributed fashion across multiple computer-readable media, such that instructions may be executed by only one processor or by multiple processors in a distributed fashion, such that each apparatus of the one or more apparatuses may include one processor or multiple processors, and / or such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that code may be stored in only one computer-readable medium or across computer-readable media in a distributed fashion) ; and / or one or more apparatuses comprising one or more means for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance would be by only one apparatus or by multiple apparatuses in a distributed fashion) . By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks. An apparatus may comprise one or more memories; and one or more processors configured to cause the apparatus to perform any portion of any method described herein. In some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software.
[0010] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0013] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station (BS) architecture.
[0014] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS and an example user equipment (UE) .
[0015] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates example activation latency for a single known downlink (DL) applicable transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.
[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates example activation latency for multiple known DL applicable TCI states with different physical cell identifiers (PCIs) .
[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates example activation latency for a single unknown DL applicable TCI state.
[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates example activation latency for a single known uplink (UL) applicable TCI state.
[0020] FIG. 9 depicts an example scenario where one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) are used for TCI state activation.
[0021] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate comparative examples of activation latencies for a single unknown DL applicable TCI state.
[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of multiple aperiodic RSs resource sets associated with a TCI state.
[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates an offset time associated with one or more aperiodic RSs for a TCI state.
[0024] FIG. 13 illustrates quasi-co-location properties of one or more aperiodic RSs for a TCI state.
[0025] FIG. 14 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0026] FIG. 15 depicts another method for wireless communications.
[0027] FIG. 16 depicts aspects of an example communications device.
[0028] FIG. 17 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for communicating aperiodic reference signals (RSs) for transmission configuration indication (TCI) state activation.
[0030] In some wireless communications systems, a network entity (e.g., a base station (BS) ) may communicate with a user equipment (UE) using multiple antennas, such as for uplink (UL) communication, where the network entity receives signals from the UE using multiple antennas, and / or downlink (DL) communication, where the network entity transmits signals to the UE using multiple antennas. For example, a network entity, on the DL, may transmit parallel data streams over respective antennas in order to increase throughput (e.g., as opposed to transmitting the data streams sequentially over the same antenna) . Additionally, or alternatively, a network entity, on the DL, may transmit a given data stream over multiple antennas simultaneously (e.g., to increase the diversity of the transmissions) . Additionally, or alternatively, a network entity, on the DL, may use the multiple antennas to beamform transmission of one or more data streams to the UE, such as using a particular transmit beam. Additionally, or alternatively, a network entity, on the UL, may use the multiple antennas to beamform reception of one or more data streams from the UE, such as using a particular receive beam.
[0031] In some cases, the use of multiple antennas may be based on the use of one or more antenna ports. An antenna port is a logical entity used to map data streams to antennas. A given antenna port may drive transmissions from one or more antennas, and / or resolve signal components received over one or more antennas.
[0032] An antenna port may be associated with one or more reference signals, such as one or more channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) , one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , one or more path-loss reference signals (PL RSs) , one or more tracking reference signals (TRSs) , one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , and / or the like. In certain aspects, a network entity may send the one or more reference signals associated with an antenna port the network entity is using or may use for communication (e.g., UL and / or DL) with the UE. The UE may measure the one or more reference signals to determine one or more properties (e.g., of one or more communications channels, such as UL and / or DL channels) for communicating with the network entity while the network entity is using the antenna port for communication. For example, the UE may measure the one or more reference signals to determine one or more of: a Doppler shift for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, a time synchronization for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, a frequency synchronization for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, a Doppler spread for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, an average delay for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, a path loss estimate for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, a receive beam of the UE to use for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, a transmit beam of the UE to use for UL and / or DL communications between the network entity and the UE, and / or the like.
[0033] In certain aspects, the UE measures one or more SSBs and / or one or more CSI-RSs to determine a receive beam (for DL communication) and / or transmit beam (for UL communication) of the UE. In certain aspects, the UE measures one or more PL RSs to determine a path loss estimate, such as for UL communication with the network entity. In certain aspects, the UE measures one or more TRSs to determine a time and / or frequency synchronization, a Doppler shift, a Doppler spread, a delay spread, and / or an average delay, such as for UL and / or DL communication with the network entity. In certain aspects, the UE measures one or more SSBs to determine a time and / or frequency synchronization, a Doppler shift, a Doppler spread, a delay spread, and / or an average delay, such as for UL and / or DL communication with the network entity.
[0034] The UE may adjust one or more parameters of communication (e.g., time shift, frequency shift, receive beam used, transmit beam used, and / or the like) based on the determined one or more properties for communicating, such as to successfully communicate (e.g., data streams, such as on a data channel, control channel, shared channel, etc. ) with the network entity while the network entity is utilizing the antenna port for communication. Accordingly, the UE having information on the one or more properties for communicating may be needed prior to the UE being able to communicate with the network entity while the network entity is utilizing the antenna port for communication.
[0035] Some antenna ports may be referred to as quasi co-located, meaning that the spatial parameters of a transmission or reception on one antenna port may be inferred from the spatial parameters of another transmission or reception on a different antenna port. Accordingly, a device (e.g., a UE) may be able to determine one or more properties for communicating with another device (e.g., a network entity) using a first set of antenna ports (e.g., of the other device) based on one or more reference signals received by the device using a second set of antenna ports (e.g., transmitted by the other device using the second set of antenna ports) that are quasi co-located with the first set of antenna ports. Thus, a quasi-collocation (QCL) relationship between antenna ports may improve the chances that a UE may be able to successfully decode a downlink transmission from a network entity, or transmit an uplink transmission to a network entity. In some cases, it may be appropriate for a network entity to send, to a UE, an indication of which antenna ports are quasi co-located such that the UE may be able to identify one or more reference signals to use for determining one or more properties for communicating with the network entity.
[0036] It should be noted there are different types of QCL relationships, where different QCL types indicate that different properties are shared or can be inferred between antenna ports. For example, QCL TypeA indicates that Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread for one antenna port can be inferred for another antenna port. QCL TypeB indicates that Doppler shift and Doppler spread for one antenna port can be inferred for another antenna port. QCL TypeC indicates that Doppler shift and average delay for one antenna port can be inferred for another antenna port. QCL TypeD indicates that a spatial receive parameter (e.g., receive beam) for one antenna port can be inferred for another antenna port.
[0037] A UE may be configured with a plurality of TCI states, which may be referred to as a TCI state pool. For example, a network entity may send signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling) , configuring a UE with a plurality of TCI states. Each TCI state may indicate, to the UE, a QCL relationship between a) one or more first antenna ports of the network entity used for transmitting downlink signals to the UE and / or receiving uplink signals from the UE; and b) one or more second antenna ports of the network entity used for transmitting downlink signals to the UE and / or receiving uplink signals from the UE. For example, each TCI state may be associated with a corresponding set of reference signals (e.g., SSBs, CSI-RSs, etc. ) , which may recur periodically. A TCI state may indicate a QCL relationship between one or more antenna ports of the network entity used to transmit the one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state and one or more antenna ports of the network entity used to transmit and / or receive data and / or control information to / from a UE, when the TCI state is activated / used for communication by the network entity with the UE.
[0038] In certain aspects, the signaling configuring the UE with the plurality of TCI states indicates, for each TCI state, one or more of: an identifier of the TCI state, an identifier of one or more reference signals, and / or a corresponding QCL type for each of the one or more reference signals (e.g., indicating a QCL type between the reference signal and UL and / or DL signals communicated between the network entity and the UE when the TCI state is activated) . In certain aspects, in the same signaling configuring the UE with the plurality of TCI states, or in separate signaling (e.g., separate RRC signaling) , the network entity indicates to the UE the time-frequency resources in which the one or more reference signals are communicated, such as periodically, such as by associating a identifier of a reference signal with one or more time-frequency resources. In certain aspects, in the same signaling configuring the UE with the plurality of TCI states, or in separate signaling (e.g., separate RRC signaling) , the network entity indicates to the UE one or more QCL relationships between one or more reference signals, such as between an SSB and a CSI-RS. For example, if a first TCI state is associated with a first CSI-RS, and the first CSI-RS is indicated as having a QCL relationship with a first SSB, then a UE may measure the first SSB to determine one or more properties for communicating when the first TCI state is active.
[0039] The UE may receive from the network entity a TCI state activation command for activating a particular TCI state (e.g., a particular one or more TCI states) of the TCI state pool configured at the UE. For example, the TCI state activation command may include one or more identifiers of one or more TCI states. For example, the TCI state activation command may be received in a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) and / or downlink control information (DCI) . In certain aspects, the UE may receive from the network entity a MAC-CE for activating multiple TCI states (e.g., MAC-CE including identifiers of multiple TCI states) , and a DCI selecting one of the activated multiple TCI states for communicating with the network entity (e.g., DCI include an identifier of a TCI state) . In certain aspects, the UE may receive from the network entity a MAC-CE for activating a single TCI state (e.g., MAC-CE including an identifier of a single TCI state) , which may be implicitly selected without a DCI, or may still be selected with a DCI.
[0040] Once the particular TCI state is activated (e.g., and in some cases selected) (e.g., after an activation time / delay after communication of the TCI state activation command) the network entity may utilize one or more antenna ports associated with the TCI state to communicate (e.g., on the UL and / or DL) with the UE, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , and / or the like. Accordingly, the UE may measure one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command to determine one or more properties for communicating with the network entity, as discussed. Once the TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command is activated (also referred to as completion of activation of the TCI state) , the UE may communicate with the network entity based on the determined one or more properties, as discussed. In certain aspects, a TCI state being activated refers to the TCI state being ready for selection by a DCI and / or ready for communication by the UE, such as based on the UE having determined the needed one or more properties for communicating based on measuring appropriate one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state.
[0041] The activation time / delay in activating the TCI state (e.g., at the UE and / or network entity) (also referred to as the active TCI state switching delay) after communication of the TCI state activation command may be referred to as TCI activation latency. TCI activation latency may occur in part due to the UE needing to measure one or more reference signals after receiving the TCI state activation command in order to determine one or more properties for communicating with the network entity. The one or more reference signals, as discussed, may occur periodically, such that the UE needs to wait for a next periodic transmission of the one or more reference signals by the network entity before the TCI state can be activated, leading to potential large TCI activation latency (e.g., tens to hundreds of ms) . Such TCI activation latency can occur for both known TCI states and unknown TCI states.
[0042] A known TCI state may refer to a TCI state, indicated in a TCI state activation command, for which the UE has reported (e.g., in a Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) report or in a Layer 3 (L3) RSRP report) one or more measurements (e.g., RSRP) of one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state to the network entity, such as wherein one or more (e.g., all) of the following conditions are met: 1) the reporting occurs before receiving the TCI state activation command, 2) the one or more reference signals for which the one or more measurements are reported occur within a threshold time period (e.g., 1.28 seconds before receiving the TCI state activation command) , 3) the TCI state remains detectable during the TCI state switching period, 4) an SSB associated with the TCI state remains detectable during the TCI state switching period, and / or 5) an SNR of the TCI state remains within a threshold (e.g., greater than or equal to -3 dB) . Said differently, a known TCI state may refer to a TCI state where the UE may have recently determined one or more properties for communicating with the network entity that still may be valid, such as based on recent measurement of one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state.
[0043] An unknown TCI state may refer to a TCI state, indicated in a TCI state activation command, that does not satisfy the criteria of a known TCI state. Said differently, an unknown TCI state may refer to a TCI state where the UE may not have recently determined one or more properties for communicating with the network entity that still may be valid.
[0044] Even for a known TCI state, the UE may still need to measure one or more reference signals (e.g., an SSB, PL RS, etc. ) associated with the TCI state to determine one or more properties for communicating with the network entity before it can activate the TCI state. For example, for a known TCI state for downlink transmissions, the UE may utilize a receive beam determined based on previous measurements of one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state, but may still need to determine one or more of time and / or frequency synchronization. A known / unknown TCI state for downlink transmissions may be referred to as a known / unknown DL applicable TCI state, and may be used to signal a QCL relationship between one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state and one or more downlink signals. For example, for a known TCI state for uplink transmissions, the UE may utilize a transmit beam determined based on previous measurements of one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state, but may still need to determine a path loss estimate. A known / unknown TCI state for uplink transmissions may be referred to as a known / unknown UL applicable TCI state, and may be used to signal QCL relationship between one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state and one or more uplink signals.
[0045] Such TCI activation latency due to the UE waiting for transmission of one or more instances of one or more periodic reference signals can have adverse impact on communication between the network entity and the UE. For example, a network entity may send a TCI state activation command to a UE due to degradation in signal quality between the network entity and the UE. On the uplink, this may be due to issues with a transmit beam of the UE and / or receive beam of the network entity, and on the downlink this may be due to issues with a receive beam of the UE and / or transmit beam of the network entity. Examples of such degradation may occur based upon jamming of one or more beams, interference, blocking of one or more beams (e.g., by a vehicle, building, hand, etc. ) and / or the like.
[0046] Accordingly, the TCI state activation command may indicate to activate a new TCI state for which the UE and / or network entity may end up using different beams for communication than a previously active TCI state to improve signal quality. However, until the new TCI state can be activated, the UE and / or network entity may end up using the old beams for communication, and signal quality may continue to degrade, which can cause communications to be dropped. Thus, TCI activation latency poses a technical problem with respect to wireless communications.
[0047] Accordingly, certain aspects herein provide techniques for communicating one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with a TCI state when a TCI state activation command for the TCI state is communicated. The one or more aperiodic reference signals may be communicated after the TCI state activation command, and before occurrence of one or more periodic reference signals associated with the TCI state. Thus, in some cases, a UE can measure the one or more aperiodic reference signals before occurrence of the one or more periodic reference signals, determine one or more properties for communicating with the network entity based on the one or more aperiodic reference signals, and activate the TCI state before occurrence of the one or more periodic reference signals, thereby reducing TCI activation latency. Beneficially, the UE may therefore measure the one or more aperiodic reference signals, such as instead of the one or more periodic reference signals, to determine the same one or more properties for communicating with the network entity the UE would have had to determine by waiting and measuring the one or more periodic reference signals. Therefore, in certain aspects, the techniques for communicating one or more aperiodic reference signals when a TCI state activation command is communicated reduce TCI activation latency, and thereby provide a technical solution to the technical problem of TCI activation latency. For example, the reduced TCI activation latency may provide the beneficial technical effect of improved reliability of communications, such as avoiding dropped communications.
[0048] In some aspects, the one or more aperiodic RSs may be communicated (e.g., sent by the network entity and / or received by the UE) at a configured, default, or predetermined time after the TCI state activation command is communicated. For example, the start time of communication of the one or more aperiodic RSs may be an offset time relative to a reference time that may be the time the TCI state activation command is communicated, the time that an acknowledgement (ACK) of the TCI state activation command is communicated from the UE to the network entity, or the like.
[0049] Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0050] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and / or other generations of wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0051] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0052] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . As such communications devices are part of wireless communications network 100, and facilitate wireless communications, such communications devices may be referred to as wireless communications devices. For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects (also referred to herein as non-terrestrial network entities) , such as satellite 140 and transporter, which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and UEs.
[0053] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0054] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, data centers, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0055] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0056] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0057] Generally, a cell may refer to a portion, partition, or segment of wireless communication coverage served by a network entity within a wireless communication network. A cell may have geographic characteristics, such as a geographic coverage area, as well as radio frequency characteristics, such as time and / or frequency resources dedicated to the cell. For example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by multiple cells employing different frequency resources (e.g., bandwidth parts) and / or different time resources. As another example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by a single cell. In some contexts (e.g., a carrier aggregation scenario and / or multi-connectivity scenario) , the terms “cell” or “serving cell” may refer to or correspond to a specific carrier frequency (e.g., a component carrier) used for wireless communications, and a “cell group” may refer to or correspond to multiple carriers used for wireless communications. As examples, in a carrier aggregation scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple (serving) cells in the same cell group, and in a multi-connectivity (e.g., dual connectivity) scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple cell groups.
[0058] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0059] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0060] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250 MHz –71,000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24,250 MHz –52,600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52,600 MHz –71,000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0061] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0062] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182’ . UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182” . UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182” . BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182’ . BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0063] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0064] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0065] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0066] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0067] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0068] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0069] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0070] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0071] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0072] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0073] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0074] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0075] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0076] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0077] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more DUs 230 and / or one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0078] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0079] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0080] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0081] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 318, 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 314) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0082] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, 370, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0083] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0084] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0085] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0086] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0087] RX MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0088] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0089] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a RX MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 314 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0090] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0091] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0092] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0093] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0094] In some aspects, a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0095] In various aspects, artificial intelligence (AI) processors 318 and 370 may perform AI processing for BS 102 and / or UE 104, respectively. The AI processor 318 may include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry such as one or more neural processing units (NPUs) , one or more neural network processors, one or more tensor processors, one or more deep learning processors, etc. The AI processor 370 may likewise include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry. As an example, the AI processor 370 may perform AI-based beam management, AI-based channel state feedback (CSF) , AI-based antenna tuning, and / or AI-based positioning (e.g., global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning) . In some cases, the AI processor 318 may process feedback from the UE 104 (e.g., CSF) using hardware accelerated AI inferences and / or AI training. The AI processor 318 may decode compressed CSF from the UE 104, for example, using a hardware accelerated AI inference associated with the CSF. In certain cases, the AI processor 318 may perform certain RAN-based functions including, for example, network planning, network performance management, energy-efficient network operations, etc.
[0096] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0097] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0098] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0099] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0100] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 12 or 14 symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., 12 symbols per slot for an extended CP or 14 symbols per slot for a normal CP) . Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0101] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe (e.g., a slot duration in a subframe) is based on a numerology, which may define a frequency domain subcarrier spacing and symbol duration as further described herein. In certain aspects, given a numerology μ, there are 2μ slots per subframe. Thus, numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 may allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. In some cases, the extended CP (e.g., 12 symbols per slot) may be used with a specific numerology, e.g., numerology 2 allowing for 4 slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 6. As an example, the numerology μ=0 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ=6 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of a slot format having 14 symbols per slot (e.g., a normal CP) and a numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. In such a case, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0102] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme including, for example, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) .
[0103] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE.The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0104] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0105] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0106] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0107] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0108] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0109] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0110] Aspects Related to TCI Activation Latency
[0111] As discussed, TCI activation latency may occur for activation of different types of TCI states, such as known DL applicable TCI states, unknown DL applicable TCI states, known UL applicable TCI states, and unknown UL applicable TCI states.
[0112] FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 of activation latency of a single known DL applicable TCI state. In the example scenario 500, a UE 504 (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1-3) receives a TCI state activation command 506 (e.g., a MAC-CE) from a network entity 502 (e.g., BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2) for a single known DL applicable TCI state. That is, the example of FIG. 5 corresponds to the activation of a single known DL applicable TCI state. As shown in FIG. 5, UE 504 transmits an ACK message 508 (e.g., HARQ-ACK) to the network entity 502 to inform the network entity 502 of the successful receipt and decoding of the TCI state activation command 506. In an example, the TCI state activation command 506 includes a command to activate a TCI state from a pool of TCI states configured on the UE 504. It will be appreciated that the UE 504 may be configured with a plurality of TCI state configurations during initial connection establishment between the UE 504 and the network entity 502. The number of TCI states in the aforementioned pool may depend upon the capability of the UE 504.
[0113] As shown in FIG. 5, the UE experiences latency / waits to activate the TCI state for an activation latency time period 518 after (e.g., the start of, end of, etc. ) communication of the TCI state activation command 506. The activation latency time period 518 may include one or more of: a time for UE 504 to transmit ACK message 508 after receiving TCI state activation command 506, a TCI state activation command application time 512 (e.g., after transmitting ACK message 508) , a time to first transmission of a periodic reference signal (e.g., SSB) associated with the TCI state 514 (e.g., after TCI state activation command application time 512) , and a reference signal (e.g., SSB) processing time 516 (e.g., after time to first transmission of a periodic reference signal 514) . The TCI state activation command application time 512 may refer to a time period to process the TCI state activation command at UE 504. The reference signal processing time 516 may refer to a time period to process a reference signal at UE 504.
[0114] Only after activation latency time period 518 is the new TCI state active (e.g., ready for downlink control information (DCI) selection and / or ready for communication) at the network entity 502 and the UE 504.
[0115] FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 of activation latency of multiple known DL applicable TCI states. In the example scenario 600, a UE 604 (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1-3) receives a TCI state activation command 606 (e.g., a MAC-CE) from a network entity 602A (e.g., BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2) , such as in a first cell associated with a first physical cell identifier (PCI) identifying the first cell. FIG. 6 also illustrates a network entity 602B (e.g., BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2) configured to provide coverage in a second cell associated with a second PCI. Though network entity 602A and network entity 602B are shown as separate network entities providing coverage for the first cell and second cell, respectively, it should be noted that a single network entity may provide coverage for the first cell and second cell.
[0116] The TCI state activation command 606 indicates to activate multiple known DL applicable TCI states. The multiple known DL applicable TCI states are associated with different PCIs, and the periodic reference signals (e.g., SSBs) associated with the multiple TCI states overlap in time. In particular, a first TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command 606 is associated with the first PCI, such that one or more periodic reference signals (e.g., SSB1) associated with the first TCI state are transmitted in the first cell. Further, a second TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command 606 is associated with the second PCI, such that one or more periodic reference signals (e.g., SSB2) associated with the second TCI state are transmitted in the second cell. In this example, the transmission times of SSB1 and SSB2 overlap, including periodically, such that UE 604 may only be able to receive one of SSB1 or SSB2 at a time. For example, in each periodic transmission occasion (e.g., occurring every SSB period) both SSB1 and SSB2 are transmitted. Accordingly, for UE 604 to receive both SSB1 and SSB2, UE 604 may need to wait for the occurrence of at least two periodic transmission occasions, one for receiving SSB1 and another for receiving SSB2. Where there are additional TCI states indicated in the TCI state activation command 606 having associated periodic reference signals that overlap in time, the UE 604 may need to wait for occurrence of additional periodic transmission occasions to receive such associated periodic reference signals. Thus, the activation latency 626 for scenario 600 of activation latency of multiple known DL applicable TCI states may be even greater than activation latency 518 of scenario 500 of FIG. 5, as further discussed.
[0117] As shown in FIG. 6, the UE 604 transmits an ACK message 608 (e.g., HARQ-ACK) to the network entity 602A to inform the network entity 602A of the successful receipt and decoding of the TCI state activation command 606.
[0118] As shown in FIG. 6, the UE experiences latency / waits to activate the TCI states for an activation latency time period 626 after (e.g., the start of, end of, etc. ) communication of the TCI state activation command 606. The activation latency time period 626 may include one or more of: a time for UE 604 to transmit ACK message 608 after receiving TCI state activation command 606, a TCI state activation command application time 618 (e.g., after transmitting ACK message 608) , a time to first transmission of periodic reference signals (e.g., SSB1 610 and SSB2 612) associated with the TCI state 620 to receive one of the periodic reference signals (e.g., SSB1 610) (e.g., after TCI state activation command application time 618) , an SSB periodicity time 622 to second transmission of periodic reference signals (e.g., SSB1 614 and SSB2 616) associated with the TCI state to receive another of the periodic reference signals (e.g., SSB2 616) (e.g., after the time to first transmission of periodic reference signals 620) , and a reference signal (e.g., SSB) processing time 624 (e.g., after receipt of a last periodic reference signal associated with a last TCI state of the TCI states) .
[0119] Only after activation latency time period 626 are the new TCI states active (e.g., ready for downlink control information (DCI) selection and / or ready for communication) at the network entity 602A and 602B and the UE 604.
[0120] FIG. 7 illustrates an example scenario 700 of activation latency of a single unknown DL applicable TCI state. In the example scenario 700, a UE 704 (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1-3) receives a TCI state activation command 706 (e.g., a MAC-CE) from a network entity 702 (e.g., BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2) for a single unknown DL applicable TCI state. That is, the example of FIG. 7 corresponds to the activation of a single unknown DL applicable TCI state. As shown in FIG. 7, the UE 704 transmits an ACK message 708 (e.g., HARQ-ACK) to the network entity 702 to inform the network entity 702 of the successful receipt and decoding of the TCI state activation command 706. In an example, the TCI state activation command 706 includes a command to activate a TCI state from a pool of TCI states configured on the UE 704.
[0121] As TCI state activation command 706 is for an unknown DL applicable TCI state, UE 704 may need to determine a receive beam to use for communicating with the network entity 702 according to the TCI state. Accordingly, UE 704 may need to wait for multiple reference signal (e.g., SSB) communication occasions (e.g., N occasions, such as 8) , such as to receive multiple instances (e.g., N instances, such as 8) of a reference signal (e.g., an SSB corresponding to a given SSB ID) using multiple different receive beams of UE 704 to determine a suitable receive beam (e.g., a receive beam with which an instance of the reference signal is received with a highest signal quality, such as RSRP) . The occasions / instances of the reference signal may occur periodically, such as according to a periodicity time. Accordingly, for UE 704 to receive N instances of the reference signal, UE 704 may need to wait for the occurrence of at least N periodic transmission occasions of the reference signal. Thus, the activation latency 718 for scenario 700 of activation latency of a single unknown DL applicable TCI state may be even greater than activation latency 518 of scenario 500 of FIG. 5, as further discussed.
[0122] As shown in FIG. 7, the UE experiences latency / waits to activate the TCI state for an activation latency time period 718 after (e.g., the start of, end of, etc. ) communication of the TCI state activation command 706. The activation latency time period 718 may include one or more of: a time for UE 704 to transmit ACK message 708 after receiving TCI state activation command 706, a TCI state activation command application time 712 (e.g., after transmitting ACK message 708) , a time duration 714 for transmission of N instances of a reference signal (e.g., SSB instances 710A-710X) for the UE 704 to perform beam sweeping across N receive beams of UE 704, and a reference signal (e.g., SSB) processing time 716 (e.g., after receipt of the Nth instance of the reference signal) .
[0123] Only after activation latency time period 718 is the new TCI state active (e.g., ready for downlink control information (DCI) selection and / or ready for communication) at the network entity 702 and the UE 704.
[0124] FIG. 8 illustrates an example scenario 800 of activation latency of a single known uplink (UL) applicable TCI state. In the example scenario 800, a UE 804 (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1-3) receives a TCI state activation command 806 (e.g., a MAC-CE) from a network entity 802 (e.g., BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2) for a single known UL applicable TCI state. That is, the example of FIG. 8 corresponds to the activation of a single known UL applicable TCI state. As shown in FIG. 8, the UE transmits an ACK message 808 (e.g., HARQ-ACK) to the network entity 802 to inform the network entity 802 of the successful receipt and decoding of the TCI state activation command 806. In this example, the TCI state activation command 806 includes a command to activate a TCI state from a pool of TCI states configured on the UE 804.
[0125] As TCI state activation command 806 is for a known UL applicable TCI state, UE 804 may need to wait for multiple reference signal (e.g., PL RS) communication occasions (e.g., N occasions, such as 5) , such as to receive multiple instances (e.g., N instances, such as 5) of a reference signal (e.g., a PL RS) . The occasions / instances of the reference signal may occur periodically, such as according to a periodicity time. Accordingly, for UE 804 to receive N instances of the reference signal, UE 804 may need to wait for the occurrence of at least N periodic transmission occasions of the reference signal.
[0126] As shown in FIG. 8, the UE experiences latency / waits to activate the TCI state for an activation latency time period 818 after (e.g., the start of, end of, etc. ) communication of the TCI state activation command 806. The activation latency time period 818 may include one or more of: a time for UE 804 to transmit ACK message 808 after receiving TCI state activation command 806, a TCI state activation command application time 812 (e.g., after transmitting ACK message 808) , a time duration 814 for transmission of N instances of a reference signal (e.g., PL RS instances 810A-810X) , and a reference signal (e.g., PL RS) processing time 816 (e.g., after receipt of the Nth instance of the reference signal) .
[0127] Only after activation latency time period 818 is the new TCI state active (e.g., ready for downlink control information (DCI) selection and / or ready for communication) at the network entity 802 and the UE 804.
[0128] In certain aspects, for a TCI state activation command indicating to activate multiple known UL applicable TCI states associated with different PCIs, and where the periodic reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or PL RS) associated with the multiple TCI states overlap in time (similar to the discussion herein with respect to FIG. 6) , the activation latency time period may be greater than activation latency time period 818. For example, the activation latency time period may include the time for activation latency time period 818 and include an additional time period 814 per additional TCI state with overlapped periodic reference signals.
[0129] In certain aspects, for a TCI state activation command indicating to activate a single unknown UL applicable TCI state, the activation latency time period may be greater than activation latency time period 818. For example, the UE 804 may further need to determine a transmit beam of UE 804, and may need to wait for multiple reference signal (e.g., SSB) communication occasions (e.g., N occasions, such as 8) , such as to receive multiple instances (e.g., N instances, such as 8) of a reference signal (e.g., an SSB corresponding to a given SSB ID) using multiple different receive beams of UE 704 to determine a suitable transmit beam (e.g., a transmit beam having a QCL relationship with a receive beam with which an instance of the reference signal is received with a highest signal quality, such as RSRP) .
[0130] As illustrated above with respect to FIGS. 5-8, TCI state activation latency causes technical problems in the fast and efficient switching of TCI states in wireless communications. Conventional methods to activate a new TCI state require the use of periodic transmissions, such as periodic SSBs or other periodic reference signals, which increase the latency in activating the new TCI state; thus, improved techniques are desired.
[0131] Example Aspects Related to Using Aperiodic Reference Signals for TCI State Activation
[0132] As discussed, certain aspects herein provide techniques for communicating one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with a TCI state after a TCI state activation command for the TCI state is communicated. Though aspects are described with respect to a TCI state activation command for activating a single TCI state, it should be noted that the techniques discussed herein are also applicable to a TCI state activation command for activating multiple TCI states. For example, such a TCI state activation command may trigger communication of aperiodic RSs associated with the multiple TCI states, instead of one or more aperiodic RSs associated with a single TCI state.
[0133] For example, rather than a UE waiting for the periodic transmission of an SSB or other periodic RS associated with a TCI state, one or more aperiodic RSs (e.g., referred to as an aperiodic RS burst) associated with the TCI state may be received by the UE after reception of a TCI state activation command indicating the TCI state. For example, the transmission of a TCI state activation command, for a TCI state, by a network entity, can trigger transmission, by the network entity, of one or more aperiodic RSs associated with the TCI state, such as for various purposes to reduce activation latency, including, without limitation, receive beam refinement, time / frequency synchronization, path-loss estimation, and / or the like.
[0134] In certain aspects, the type and / or number of RSs included in an aperiodic RS burst after (e.g., triggered by) a TCI state activation command is based on a type of TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command. For example, for a known (and in some cases unknown) DL applicable TCI state (e.g., not previously activated) , one or more aperiodic tracking reference signals (TRSs) (e.g., an aperiodic TRS resource set) may be transmitted for time / frequency synchronization between the UE and the network entity. For a known (and in some cases unknown) UL applicable TCI state (e.g., not previously activated) , one or more aperiodic path loss reference signals (PL RSs) (e.g., an aperiodic PL RS resource set) may be transmitted for path loss estimation. In certain aspects, a minimum PL RS occasion interval may be used between PL RS occasions to average out fading as well as measurement error. For unknown DL and / or UL applicable TCI state (s) , one or more aperiodic channel state information reference signal (CSI-RSs) (e.g., an aperiodic CSI-RS resource set) may be transmitted for beam management (e.g., UE transmit beam and / or receive beam determination) . For example, a repetition set for the aperiodic CSI-RS resource set may be set as ON and can be triggered first for receive beam refinement.
[0135] FIG. 9 illustrates an example 900 of an aperiodic RS burst 920 transmitted after (e.g., triggered by) a TCI state activation command 906 in accordance with certain aspects. As shown in FIG. 9, a TCI state activation command 906 (e.g., a MAC-CE or DCI) is received by a UE 904 (e.g., the UE 104 of FIGS. 1-3) from a network entity 902 (e.g., BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2) . The TCI state activation command 906 may indicate to activate one or more TCI states of any suitable type (s) of TCI state (e.g., UL / DL known / unknown) . After receipt of the TCI state activation command 906, the UE transmits an ACK message 908 (e.g., a HARQ-ACK) to the network entity 902 to inform the network entity 902 of the successful receipt and decoding of the TCI state activation command 906. It will be appreciated that the TCI state activation command 906 may include a command to activate one or more TCI states from a pool of TCI states configured on the UE 904.
[0136] In certain aspects, after the communication of the TCI state activation command 906 (e.g., and the ACK message 908) , such as triggered by communication of the TCI state activation command 906 (e.g., and the ACK message 908) , communication of the aperiodic RS burst 920 occurs. For example, the network entity 902 sends to the UE 904 the aperiodic RS burst 920. A start time of the aperiodic RS burst 920 (e.g., transmission time of a first aperiodic RS in time communicated in the aperiodic RS burst 920) may occur at least some time after a TCI state activation command application time 916 (e.g., after communication of ACK message 908) . In certain aspects, the start time of the aperiodic RS burst 920 is an offset time from a reference time (e.g., a start or end time the TCI state activation command 906 is received by UE 904 or transmitted by the network entity 902, a start or end time the ACK message 908 is transmitted by UE 904 or received by the network entity 902, etc. ) , as further discussed herein. In certain aspects, the aperiodic RS burst 920 is communicated before communication of any periodic reference signal associated with a TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command 906.
[0137] In the example shown, aperiodic RS burst 920 includes CSI-RSs 910A-910X, TRS 912, and PL RSs 914A-914X. However, as discussed, aperiodic RS burst 920 may include any one or more types of RSs, and any number of each of the one or more types of RSs, such as based on a type of a TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command 906.
[0138] As shown in FIG. 9, the UE 904 and network entity 902 experience latency / wait to activate the TCI state (s) , indicated in TCI state activation command 906, for an activation latency time period 924 after (e.g., the start of, end of, etc. ) communication of the TCI state activation command 906. The activation latency time period 924 may include one or more of: a time for UE 904 to transmit ACK message 908 after receiving TCI state activation command 906, a TCI state activation command application time 916 (e.g., after transmitting ACK message 908) , a time for communicating aperiodic RS burst 920 between UE 904 and network entity 902, and a reference signal processing time 922 for UE 904 to process one or more aperiodic RSs of aperiodic RS burst 920 (e.g., after receipt of a last aperiodic reference signal in time of aperiodic RS burst 920) .
[0139] After activation latency time period 924 the new TCI state (s) may be active (e.g., ready for downlink control information (DCI) selection and / or ready for communication) at the network entity 902 and the UE 904. In certain aspects, activation latency time period 924 is reduced as compared to the activation latency time periods discussed with respect to FIGS. 5-8. Further, in certain aspects, the new TCI state (s) may be activated without, after reception of the TCI state activation command 906, reception of any periodic reference signals (e.g., SSBs) associated with the new TCI state (s) , such as before any communication occasions for any such periodic reference signals.
[0140] FIG. 10A illustrates activation latency for an unknown DL TCI state using periodic reference signals (e.g., as discussed with respect to FIG. 7) . FIG. 10B illustrates activation latency for an unknown DL TCI state using aperiodic reference signals according to certain aspects discussed herein. In particular, FIG. 10A depicts the activation latency as based on communication of N periodic SSBs 1008A-1008H (e.g., 8 SSBs, such as taking 160 ms to communicate where the SSB periodicity is 20 ms) such as for a UE to determine a receive beam. In contrast, FIG. 10B depicts the activation latency as based on communication of N aperiodic CSI-RSs 1028 (e.g., 8 CSI-RSs, such as taking . 7 ms to communicate where subcarrier spacing is 120 kHz) . As shown, the activation latency may be greatly reduce for aperiodic reference signals as opposed to using periodic reference signals. It will be appreciated that for two activated TCI states with overlapped SSBs for different PCIs, the absolute latency for each scheme (e.g., FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B) may be doubled. Additional TCI states further increase the absolute latency accordingly.
[0141] In accordance with certain aspects, the TCI state activation command may be implemented as a MAC-CE, a DCI, or the like.
[0142] In certain aspects, a UE receives configuration information for one or more aperiodic RSs, such as in RRC signaling, such as from a network entity. The configuration information may include, for example, one or more identifiers associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs, and an indication of time-frequency resources (e.g., indication of offset time from a reference time as discussed with respect to FIG. 9) in which the one or more aperiodic RSs are communicated. The one or more identifiers associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs may include at least one of a resource set identifier, a report configuration identifier, or a trigger state codepoint value.
[0143] In certain aspects, the configuration information for one or more aperiodic RSs includes configuration information for one or more aperiodic RS resources sets. An aperiodic RS resource set may include one or more aperiodic RSs. For example, the configuration information may include a respective identifier for each of the one or more aperiodic RS resources sets, and, for each of the one or more aperiodic RS resources sets, an indication of time-frequency resources (e.g., indication of offset time from a reference time as discussed with respect to FIG. 9) in which the one or more aperiodic RSs of the aperiodic RS resource set are communicated. An identifier for an aperiodic RS resource set may include at least one of a resource set identifier, a report configuration identifier, or a trigger state codepoint value.
[0144] As discussed, a given TCI state may be associated with one or more aperiodic RSs. For example, a network entity may send signaling to a UE associating a given TCI state with one or more aperiodic RSs. For example, the signaling may include an identifier of the given TCI state and one or more identifiers associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs. In certain aspects, the signaling includes an identifier of a given TCI state, and one or more identifiers of one or more aperiodic RS resource sets to associate with the given TCI state. In certain aspects, the signaling is the TCI state activation command. In certain aspects, each TCI state may be associated with zero, one, or multiple aperiodic RS resource sets.
[0145] For example, the TCI state activation command may include identifier (s) of one or more TCI states, and for at least one of the TCI states, identifier (s) of one or more aperiodic RS resource sets to associate with the TCI state.
[0146] Accordingly, in certain aspects, when a given TCI state is indicated to be activated by a TCI state activation command sent to a UE, and the given TCI is associated with one or more aperiodic RS resource sets (e.g., by the TCI state activation command) , the UE monitors for one or more aperiodic RSs included in the one or more aperiodic RS resource sets, and the network entity sends to the UE the one or more aperiodic RSs included in the one or more aperiodic RS resource sets. The one or more aperiodic RSs included in the one or more aperiodic RS resource sets may correspond to the discussed aperiodic RS burst.
[0147] In certain aspects, the TCI state activation command may be used as a new cell activation or selection command, e.g., SpCell / SCell, such as which uses a TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command. For example, the TCI state activation command may include an indication to activate or select a new cell for communication by the UE.
[0148] FIG. 11 provides an illustration 1100 of a TCI state associated with two aperiodic RS resource sets. For example, TCI activation command 1102 may indicate to a UE to activate a first TCI state associated with a first aperiodic RS resource set 1108 and a second aperiodic RS resource set 1110. Accordingly, the UE may monitor for, and the network entity may transmit, the first aperiodic RS resource set 1108 and the second aperiodic RS resource set 1110.
[0149] Referring now to FIG. 12, there is shown an illustration 1200 of the offset time briefly referenced above with respect to FIG. 9. For example, a start time 1210 of an aperiodic RS resource set 1212 may be defined as an offset time 1208 relative to a reference time. Here the reference time is shown as an end time of the TCI state activation command 1202, however, other reference times may be used, as discussed, such as a start time of the TCI state activation command 1202, a start time of ACK 1204, or an end time of ACK 1204. In some aspects, the start time 1210 of the aperiodic RS resource set 1212 may be after the application time 1206 of the TCI state activation command 1202 (e.g., 3 ms after the end time of ACK 1204) .
[0150] In certain aspects, the offset time 1208 is configured at a UE by a network entity, such as part of RRC signaling. For example, the network entity may indicate a respective offset time to the UE for each aperiodic RS resource set configured at the UE.
[0151] In certain aspects, the offset time 1208 may be defined as an absolute time (e.g., number of ms) . In certain aspects, the offset time 1208 is defined as a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units (e.g., a number of symbols or slots) . In certain aspects, where a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units are used, the subcarrier spacing used to define the subcarrier spacing dependent time units may be one of a largest subcarrier spacing or a smallest subcarrier spacing among all subcarrier spacings associated with all active bandwidth parts of all component carriers associated with the TCI state activation command.
[0152] In certain aspects, the network entity may configure offset time 1208 subject to a minimum offset time capability of the UE. For example, the UE may send to the network entity an indication of the minimum offset time capability of the UE (e.g., as an absolute time, as a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units, etc. ) . The network entity may configure offset time 1208 to be at least the minimum offset time. In certain aspects, where the network entity configures the UE with an offset time 1208 less than the minimum offset time capability of the UE, the UE may receive aperiodic RS resource set 1212 using a default receive beam of the UE (e.g., to avoid beam switching time) .
[0153] In some aspects, a network entity sends, to a UE, an indication of QCL properties (e.g., QCL relationship, QCL type, etc. ) of configured one or more aperiodic RSs (e.g., configured aperiodic RS resources set (s) ) at the UE, such as in RRC signaling, such as similar to periodic RSs as discussed.
[0154] In some aspects, a UE can implicitly assume QCL properties of one or more aperiodic RSs (e.g., aperiodic RS resources set (s) ) configured at the UE based on QCL properties of one or more periodic RSs (e.g., periodic RS resources set (s) ) configured at the UE. Accordingly, in certain aspects, the number of configured aperiodic RS resource sets with different QCL properties or RRC reconfiguration of QCL properties for the same RS resource set may be reduced. For example, in certain aspects, the QCL properties of the aperiodic RS resource sets may implicitly follow those of the corresponding QCL source or root QCL (e.g. periodic) RS resource sets of the activated TCI state, for example, including Doppler, delay, and / or UE / network entity Rx / Tx beam. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, an aperiodic CSI-RS resource set 1300 (e.g., used for beam management for receive beam refinement) may have the same QCL properties as those of the periodic CSI-RS for BM used as the QCL-TypeD source RS. Similarly, the aperiodic TRS resource set 1302 (e.g., used for time / frequency synchronization) may have the same QCL properties as the periodic TRS used as the QCL-TypeA source RS, and, although not shown, the aperiodic PL RS resource set can have same QCL properties as those of the periodic PL RS in the associated activated TCI. In some aspects, the above implicit QCL relationships may apply when the QCL properties or TCI state is not configured for the aperiodic RSs.
[0155] In certain aspects, the one or more properties used for communicating (e.g., on a communications channel) with the network entity according to the active TCI state determined by the UE from aperiodic RS measurement may or may not be used as an initial value for the time filtering of later measurement of periodic RS associated with the activated TCI. For example, the Doppler shift / spread, average delay, and / or delay spread determined based on the aperiodic TRS 1302 for the activated TCI can be used as the initial value for the time filtering of the later measurement based on the periodic TRS associated with the activated TCI. Similarly, the path loss determined based on the aperiodic PL RS for the activated TCI can be used as the initial value for the time filtering of the later measurement based on the periodic PL RS associated with the activated TCI.
[0156] More generally, in certain aspects, the UE may determine at least one property for communicating on a communications channel based on received one or more aperiodic RSs associated with a TCI state. Further, to receive one or more periodic RSs associated with the TCI state, the UE may receive the one or more periodic RSs based on the at least one property.
[0157] In accordance with some aspects, a network entity (e.g., such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2) may determine whether a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1-3) has determined one or more properties used for communicating (e.g., on a communications channel) with the network entity according to a TCI state (e.g., indicated in a TCI state activation command) based upon certain assumptions. For example, if a DL applicable TCI state (e.g., indicated in a TCI state activation command) is not previously activated, the network entity may assume that the UE has not determined the Doppler / delay related properties associated with the TCI state. Thus, the corresponding TCI activation latency may include the time to a 1st occasion of the SSB associated with the TCI state for the UE to determine the Doppler / delay related properties . In another example, if for a DL and / or UL applicable TCI state (e.g., indicated in a TCI state activation command) , a measurement report (e.g., L1-RSRP) is not reported for the reference signals associated with the TCI state within a threshold time period (e.g., 1.28 s) , the network entity may assume that the UE has not determined a beam (e.g., receive beam of the UE) associated with the TCI state. Thus, the corresponding TCI activation latency may include the time for N occasions of an SSB associated with the TCI state for the UE to determine the beam. In a further example, if a UL applicable TCI state (e.g., indicated in a TCI state activation command) is not previously activated, the network entity may assume that the UE has not determined a path loss property associated with the TCI state. Accordingly, the corresponding TCI activation latency may include the time for N occasions of a PL RS associated with the TCI state for the UE to determine the path loss. However, such assumptions by the network entity may not always be correct. For example, the UE may already have determined one or more such properties via autonomous measurements, i.e., not requested by the network entity. Thus, the corresponding TCI state activation latency may be unnecessarily long.
[0158] In certain aspects, the UE may be configured to report to the network entity an indication, for each of one or more TCI states, of which one or more properties used for communicating (e.g., on a communications channel) with the network entity according to the TCI state the UE has already determined before activation of the TCI state. In certain aspects, the UE may send the report to the network entity in response to receiving a request to send the report from the network entity. In certain aspects, the UE may send the report to the network entity autonomously. For example, prior to reception of a TCI state activation command, the UE may send an indication of at least one property for communicating already configured at the UE. In certain aspects, which aperiodic RSs are sent from the network entity to the UE are based on the reported indication (s) .
[0159] The aforementioned properties may include, for example and without limitation, Doppler shift / spread, average delay, delay spread, UE / network entity Rx / Tx beam, path loss, and / or the like.
[0160] In certain aspects, in the event that a TCI state activation command is sent to the UE for one of the reported TCI states, the network entity may not send the aperiodic RS for a corresponding property determination, which may reduce TCI state activation latency accordingly. For example, the network entity may not send an aperiodic TRS for Doppler / delay measurement for the TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command if the UE has already determined the Doppler / delay related properties. In another example, the network entity may not send an aperiodic CSI-RS for receive beam refinement for the TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command if the UE has already determined the receive beam property for that TCI state. In another example, the network entity may not send an aperiodic PL RS for path loss measurement for the TCI state indicated in the TCI state activation command if the UE has already determined the path loss for that TCI state.
[0161] Example Operations
[0162] FIG. 14 shows a method 1400 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0163] Method 1400 begins at step 1405 with receiving a TCI state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at the apparatus.
[0164] Method 1400 then proceeds to step 1410 with receiving one or more aperiodic RSs associated with the first TCI state after reception of the TCI state activation command.
[0165] Method 1400 then proceeds to step 1415 with activating the first TCI state after reception of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0166] In certain aspects, the one or more aperiodic RSs comprise at least one of: a CSI-RS; a TRS; or a PL RS.
[0167] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes determining at least one property for communicating on a communications channel based on the one or more aperiodic RSs, wherein step 1415 includes communicating on the communications channel in accordance with the at least one property.
[0168] In certain aspects, the at least one property includes at least one of: a Doppler shift; a time synchronization; a frequency synchronization; a Doppler spread; an average delay; a delay spread; a path loss estimate; a receive beam; a transmit beam; or a combination thereof.
[0169] In certain aspects, step 1415 includes activating the first TCI state without, after reception of the TCI state activation command, reception of any SSB associated with the first TCI state.
[0170] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes receiving configuration information for the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0171] In certain aspects, receiving the configuration information comprises receiving the configuration information in RRC signaling.
[0172] In certain aspects, the configuration information associates the one or more aperiodic RSs with at least one of: a resource set identifier; a report configuration identifier; or a trigger state codepoint value.
[0173] In certain aspects, the TCI state activation command comprises an indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0174] In certain aspects, the indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs comprises at least one of: a resource set identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; a report configuration identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; or a trigger state codepoint value associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0175] In certain aspects, the TCI state activation command comprises an indication to activate or select a new cell.
[0176] In certain aspects, a scheduled start time for the one or more aperiodic RSs is an offset time relative to a reference time, the reference time based on at least one of: a time the TCI state activation command is received; or a time an acknowledgement for the TCI state activation command is communicated.
[0177] In certain aspects, the scheduled start time is after an application time for the TCI state activation command.
[0178] In certain aspects, the offset time is defined as an absolute time.
[0179] In certain aspects, the offset time is defined as a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units.
[0180] In certain aspects, the number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units comprises a number of symbols or a number of slots.
[0181] In certain aspects, the offset time is based on one of a largest subcarrier spacing or a smallest subcarrier spacing among all subcarrier spacings associated with all active bandwidth parts of all component carriers associated with the TCI state activation command.
[0182] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes sending an indication of a minimum offset time capability of the apparatus.
[0183] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes receiving an indication of the offset time, wherein the offset time is less than the minimum offset time capability of the apparatus, and step 1410 includes receiving the one or more aperiodic RSs with a default receive beam of the apparatus.
[0184] In certain aspects, the one or more aperiodic RSs are quasi-co-located with one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0185] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes receiving an indication of quasi-co-location properties of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0186] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes receiving one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0187] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes determining at least one property for communicating on a communications channel based on the received one or more aperiodic RSs, wherein step 1410 includes receiving the one or more periodic RSs based on the at least one property.
[0188] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes sending, prior to reception of the TCI state activation command, an indication of at least one property for communicating already configured at the apparatus, wherein the received one or more aperiodic RSs are based on the at least one property.
[0189] In certain aspects, step 1405 includes receiving the TCI state activation command in at least one of: a MAC-CE, or a DCI.
[0190] In certain aspects, method 1400, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1600 of FIG. 16, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1400. Communications device 1600 is described below in further detail.
[0191] Note that FIG. 14 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0192] FIG. 15 shows a method 1500 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0193] Method 1500 begins at step 1505 with sending a TCI state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at a UE.
[0194] Method 1500 then proceeds to step 1510 with sending one or more aperiodic RSs associated with the first TCI state after transmission of the TCI state activation command.
[0195] Method 1500 then proceeds to step 1515 with activating the first TCI state after transmission of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0196] In certain aspects, the one or more aperiodic RSs comprise at least one of: a CSI-RS; a TRS; or a PL RS.
[0197] In certain aspects, step 1515 includes communicating with the UE in accordance with at least one property.
[0198] In certain aspects, the at least one property includes at least one of: a receive beam; a transmit beam; or a combination thereof.
[0199] In certain aspects, step 1515 includes activating the first TCI state without, after transmission of the TCI state activation command, transmission of any SSB associated with the first TCI state.
[0200] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending configuration information for the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0201] In certain aspects, sending the configuration information comprises sending the configuration information in RRC signaling.
[0202] In certain aspects, the configuration information associates the one or more aperiodic RSs with at least one of: a resource set identifier; a report configuration identifier; or a trigger state codepoint value.
[0203] In certain aspects, the TCI state activation command comprises an indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0204] In certain aspects, the indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs comprises at least one of: a resource set identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; a report configuration identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; or a trigger state codepoint value associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0205] In certain aspects, the TCI state activation command comprises an indication to activate or select a new cell.
[0206] In certain aspects, a scheduled start time for the one or more aperiodic RSs is an offset time relative to a reference time, the reference time based on at least one of: a time the TCI state activation command is sent; or a time an acknowledgement for the TCI state activation command is communicated.
[0207] In certain aspects, the scheduled start time is after an application time for the TCI state activation command.
[0208] In certain aspects, the offset time is defined as an absolute time.
[0209] In certain aspects, the offset time is defined as a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units.
[0210] In certain aspects, the number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units comprises a number of symbols or a number of slots.
[0211] In certain aspects, the offset time is based on one of a largest subcarrier spacing or a smallest subcarrier spacing among all subcarrier spacings associated with all active bandwidth parts of all component carriers associated with the TCI state activation command.
[0212] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes receiving an indication of a minimum offset time capability of the UE.
[0213] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending an indication of the offset time, wherein the offset time is less than the minimum offset time capability of the UE.
[0214] In certain aspects, the one or more aperiodic RSs are quasi-co-located with one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0215] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending an indication of quasi-co-location properties of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0216] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0217] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes receiving, prior to transmission of the TCI state activation command, an indication of at least one property for communicating already configured at the UE, wherein the received one or more aperiodic RSs are based on the at least one property.
[0218] In certain aspects, step 1505 includes sending the TCI state activation command in at least one of: a MAC-CE, or a DCI.
[0219] In certain aspects, method 1500, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1700 of FIG. 17, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1500. Communications device 1700 is described below in further detail.
[0220] Note that FIG. 15 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0221] Example Communications Devices
[0222] FIG. 16 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1600. In some aspects, communications device 1600 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0223] The communications device 1600 includes a processing system 1605 coupled to a transceiver 1665 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . The transceiver 1665 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1600 via an antenna 1670, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1605 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1600, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1600.
[0224] The processing system 1605 includes one or more processors 1610. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1610 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1610 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1635 via a bus 1660. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1635 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1610, enable and cause the one or more processors 1610 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it, including any additional steps or sub-steps described in relation to FIG. 14. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1600 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1600, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0225] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1635 stores code for receiving 1640, code for activating 1645, code for determining 1650, and code for sending 1655. Processing of the code 1640-1655 may enable and cause the communications device 1600 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0226] The one or more processors 1610 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1635, including circuitry for receiving 1615, circuitry for activating 1620, circuitry for determining 1625, and circuitry for sending 1630. Processing with circuitry 1615-1630 may enable and cause the communications device 1600 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0227] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1665 and / or antenna 1670 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16, and / or one or more processors 1610 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, receive processor 358, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1665 and / or antenna 1670 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16, and / or one or more processors 1610 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16.
[0228] FIG. 17 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1700. In some aspects, communications device 1700 is a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0229] The communications device 1700 includes a processing system 1705 coupled to a transceiver 1755 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1765. The transceiver 1755 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1700 via an antenna 1760, such as the various signals as described herein. The network interface 1765 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1700 via communications link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The processing system 1705 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1700, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1700.
[0230] The processing system 1705 includes one or more processors 1710. In various aspects, one or more processors 1710 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1710 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1730 via a bus 1750. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1730 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1710, enable and cause the one or more processors 1710 to perform the method 1500 described with respect to FIG. 15, or any aspect related to it, including any additional steps or sub-steps described in relation to FIG. 15. Note that reference to a processor of communications device 1700 performing a function may include one or more processors of communications device 1700 performing that function, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0231] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1730 stores code for sending 1735, code for activating 1740, and code for receiving 1745. Processing of the code 1735-1745 may enable and cause the communications device 1700 to perform the method 1500 described with respect to FIG. 15, or any aspect related to it.
[0232] The one or more processors 1710 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1730, including circuitry for sending 1715, circuitry for activating 1720, and circuitry for receiving 1725. Processing with circuitry 1715-1725 may enable and cause the communications device 1700 to perform the method 1500 described with respect to FIG. 15, or any aspect related to it.
[0233] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1755 and / or antenna 1760 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17, and / or one or more processors 1710 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, receive processor 338, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1755 and / or antenna 1760 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17, and / or one or more processors 1710 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17.
[0234] Example Clauses
[0235] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0236] Clause 1: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: receiving a TCI state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at the apparatus; receiving one or more aperiodic RSs associated with the first TCI state after reception of the TCI state activation command; and activating the first TCI state after reception of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0237] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, wherein the one or more aperiodic RSs comprise at least one of: a CSI-RS; a TRS; or a PL RS.
[0238] Clause 3: The method of any one of Clauses 1-2, further comprising determining at least one property for communicating on a communications channel based on the one or more aperiodic RSs, wherein activating the first TCI state comprises communicating on the communications channel in accordance with the at least one property.
[0239] Clause 4: The method of Clause 3, wherein the at least one property includes at least one of: a Doppler shift; a time synchronization; a frequency synchronization; a Doppler spread; an average delay; a delay spread; a path loss estimate; a receive beam; a transmit beam; or a combination thereof.
[0240] Clause 5: The method of any one of Clauses 1-4, wherein activating the first TCI state comprises activating the first TCI state without, after reception of the TCI state activation command, reception of any SSB associated with the first TCI state.
[0241] Clause 6: The method of any one of Clauses 1-5, further comprising receiving configuration information for the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0242] Clause 7: The method of Clause 6, wherein receiving the configuration information comprises receiving the configuration information in RRC signaling.
[0243] Clause 8: The method of Clause 6, wherein the configuration information associates the one or more aperiodic RSs with at least one of: a resource set identifier; a report configuration identifier; or a trigger state codepoint value.
[0244] Clause 9: The method of any one of Clauses 1-8, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0245] Clause 10: The method of Clause 9, wherein the indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs comprises at least one of: a resource set identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; a report configuration identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; or a trigger state codepoint value associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0246] Clause 11: The method of any one of Clauses 1-10, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication to activate or select a new cell.
[0247] Clause 12: The method of any one of Clauses 1-11, wherein a scheduled start time for the one or more aperiodic RSs is an offset time relative to a reference time, the reference time based on at least one of: a time the TCI state activation command is received; or a time an acknowledgement for the TCI state activation command is communicated.
[0248] Clause 13: The method of Clause 12, wherein the scheduled start time is after an application time for the TCI state activation command.
[0249] Clause 14: The method of Clause 12, wherein the offset time is defined as an absolute time.
[0250] Clause 15: The method of Clause 12, wherein the offset time is defined as a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units.
[0251] Clause 16: The method of Clause 15, wherein the number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units comprises a number of symbols or a number of slots.
[0252] Clause 17: The method of Clause 15, wherein the offset time is based on one of a largest subcarrier spacing or a smallest subcarrier spacing among all subcarrier spacings associated with all active bandwidth parts of all component carriers associated with the TCI state activation command.
[0253] Clause 18: The method of Clause 12, further comprising sending an indication of a minimum offset time capability of the apparatus.
[0254] Clause 19: The method of Clause 18, further comprising receiving an indication of the offset time, wherein the offset time is less than the minimum offset time capability of the apparatus and wherein receiving the one or more aperiodic RSs comprises receiving the one or more aperiodic RSs with a default receive beam of the apparatus.
[0255] Clause 20: The method of any one of Clauses 1-19, wherein the one or more aperiodic RSs are quasi-co-located with one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0256] Clause 21: The method of any one of Clauses 1-20, further comprising receiving an indication of quasi-co-location properties of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0257] Clause 22: The method of any one of Clauses 1-21, further comprising receiving one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0258] Clause 23: The method of Clause 22, further comprising determining at least one property for communicating on a communications channel based on the received one or more aperiodic RSs, wherein receiving the one or more periodic RSs comprises receiving the one or more periodic RSs based on the at least one property.
[0259] Clause 24: The method of any one of Clauses 1-23, further comprising sending, prior to reception of the TCI state activation command, an indication of at least one property for communicating already configured at the apparatus, wherein the received one or more aperiodic RSs are based on the at least one property.
[0260] Clause 25: The method of any one of Clauses 1-24, wherein receiving the TCI state activation command comprises receiving the TCI state activation command in at least one of: a MAC-CE, or a DCI.
[0261] Clause 26: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: sending a TCI state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at a UE; sending one or more aperiodic RSs associated with the first TCI state after transmission of the TCI state activation command; and activating the first TCI state after transmission of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0262] Clause 27: The method of Clause 26, wherein the one or more aperiodic RSs comprise at least one of: a CSI-RS; a TRS; or a PL RS.
[0263] Clause 28: The method of any one of Clauses 26-27, wherein: activating the first TCI state comprises communicating with the UE in accordance with at least one property.
[0264] Clause 29: The method of Clause 28, wherein the at least one property includes at least one of: a receive beam; a transmit beam; or a combination thereof.
[0265] Clause 30: The method of any one of Clauses 26-29, wherein activating the first TCI state comprises activating the first TCI state without, after transmission of the TCI state activation command, transmission of any SSB associated with the first TCI state.
[0266] Clause 31: The method of any one of Clauses 26-30, further comprising sending configuration information for the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0267] Clause 32: The method of Clause 31, wherein sending the configuration information, comprises sending the configuration information in RRC signaling.
[0268] Clause 33: The method of Clause 31, wherein the configuration information associates the one or more aperiodic RSs with at least one of: a resource set identifier; a report configuration identifier; or a trigger state codepoint value.
[0269] Clause 34: The method of any one of Clauses 26-33, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0270] Clause 35: The method of Clause 34, wherein the indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs comprises at least one of: a resource set identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; a report configuration identifier associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs; or a trigger state codepoint value associated with the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0271] Clause 36: The method of any one of Clauses 26-35, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication to activate or select a new cell.
[0272] Clause 37: The method of any one of Clauses 26-36, wherein a scheduled start time for the one or more aperiodic RSs is an offset time relative to a reference time, the reference time based on at least one of: a time the TCI state activation command is sent; or a time an acknowledgement for the TCI state activation command is communicated.
[0273] Clause 38: The method of Clause 37, wherein the scheduled start time is after an application time for the TCI state activation command.
[0274] Clause 39: The method of Clause 37, wherein the offset time is defined as an absolute time.
[0275] Clause 40: The method of Clause 37, wherein the offset time is defined as a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units.
[0276] Clause 41: The method of Clause 40, wherein the number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units comprises a number of symbols or a number of slots.
[0277] Clause 42: The method of Clause 40, wherein the offset time is based on one of a largest subcarrier spacing or a smallest subcarrier spacing among all subcarrier spacings associated with all active bandwidth parts of all component carriers associated with the TCI state activation command.
[0278] Clause 43: The method of Clause 37, further comprising receiving an indication of a minimum offset time capability of the UE.
[0279] Clause 44: The method of Clause 43, further comprising sending an indication of the offset time, and wherein the offset time is less than the minimum offset time capability of the UE.
[0280] Clause 45: The method of any one of Clauses 26-44, wherein the one or more aperiodic RSs are quasi-co-located with one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0281] Clause 46: The method of any one of Clauses 26-45, further comprising sending an indication of quasi-co-location properties of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
[0282] Clause 47: The method of any one of Clauses 26-46, further comprising sending one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.
[0283] Clause 48: The method of any one of Clauses 26-47, further comprising receiving, prior to transmission of the TCI state activation command, an indication of at least one property for communicating already configured at the UE, wherein the received one or more aperiodic RSs are based on the at least one property.
[0284] Clause 49: The method of any one of Clauses 26-48, wherein sending the TCI state activation command comprises sending the TCI state activation command in at least one of: a MAC-CE, or a DCI.
[0285] Clause 50: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories comprising executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-49.
[0286] Clause 51: One or more apparatuses, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-49.
[0287] Clause 52: One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-49.
[0288] Clause 53: One or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-49.
[0289] Clause 54: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-49.
[0290] Additional Considerations
[0291] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0292] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, an AI processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0293] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0294] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0295] As used herein, “coupled to” and “coupled with” generally encompass direct coupling and indirect coupling (e.g., including intermediary coupled aspects) unless stated otherwise. For example, stating that a processor is coupled to a memory allows for a direct coupling or a coupling via an intermediary aspect, such as a bus.
[0296] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
[0297] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The subsequent use of a definite article (e.g., “the” or “said” ) with an element (e.g., “the processor” ) is not intended to invoke a singular meaning (e.g., “only one” ) on the element unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, reference to an element (e.g., “aprocessor, ” “acontroller, ” “amemory, ” “atransceiver, ” “an antenna, ” “the processor, ” “the controller, ” “the memory, ” “the transceiver, ” “the antenna, ” etc. ) , unless otherwise specifically stated, should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors, ” “one or more controllers, ” “one or more memories, ” “one more transceivers, ” etc. ) . The terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more elements, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories comprising processor-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at the apparatus;receive one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with the first TCI state after reception of the TCI state activation command; andactivate the first TCI state after reception of the one or more aperiodic RSs.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more aperiodic RSs comprise at least one of:a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ;a tracking reference signal (TRS) ; ora path-loss reference signal (PL RS) .3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to determine at least one property for communicating on a communications channel based on the one or more aperiodic RSs; andto activate the first TCI state, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to communicate on the communications channel in accordance with the at least one property.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one property includes at least one of:a Doppler shift;a time synchronization;a frequency synchronization;a Doppler spread;an average delay;a delay spread;a path loss estimate;a receive beam;a transmit beam; ora combination thereof.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to activate the first TCI state, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:activate the first TCI state without, after reception of the TCI state activation command, reception of any synchronization signal block (SSB) associated with the first TCI state.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive configuration information for the one or more aperiodic RSs.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the configuration information associates the one or more aperiodic RSs with at least one of:a resource set identifier;a report configuration identifier; ora trigger state codepoint value.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication to activate or select a new cell.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a scheduled start time for the one or more aperiodic RSs is an offset time relative to a reference time, the reference time based on at least one of:a time the TCI state activation command is received; ora time an acknowledgement for the TCI state activation command is communicated.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the offset time is defined as an absolute time.12.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the offset time is defined as a number of subcarrier spacing dependent time units.13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the offset time is based on one of a largest subcarrier spacing or a smallest subcarrier spacing among all subcarrier spacings associated with all active bandwidth parts of all component carriers associated with the TCI state activation command.14.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:send an indication of a minimum offset time capability of the apparatus.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to receive an indication of the offset time;the offset time is less than the minimum offset time capability of the apparatus; andto receive the one or more aperiodic RSs, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to receive the one or more aperiodic RSs with a default receive beam of the apparatus.16.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more aperiodic RSs are quasi-co-located with one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.17.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive an indication of quasi-co-location properties of the one or more aperiodic RSs.18.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive one or more periodic RSs associated with the first TCI state.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to determine at least one property for communicating on a communications channel based on the received one or more aperiodic RSs; andto receive the one or more periodic RSs, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to receive the one or more periodic RSs based on the at least one property.20.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:prior to reception of the TCI state activation command, send an indication of at least one property for communicating already configured at the apparatus, wherein the received one or more aperiodic RSs are based on the at least one property.21.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to receive the TCI state activation command, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to receive the TCI state activation command in at least one of:a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) , ora downlink control information (DCI) .22.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories comprising processor-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:send a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at a user equipment (UE) ;send one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with the first TCI state after transmission of the TCI state activation command; andactivate the first TCI state after transmission of the one or more aperiodic RSs.23.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein:to activate the first TCI state, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to communicate with the UE in accordance with at least one property.24.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein to activate the first TCI state, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:activate the first TCI state without, after transmission of the TCI state activation command, transmission of any synchronization signal block (SSB) associated with the first TCI state.25.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:send configuration information for the one or more aperiodic RSs.26.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication of the one or more aperiodic RSs.27.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the TCI state activation command comprises an indication to activate or select a new cell.28.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein a scheduled start time for the one or more aperiodic RSs is an offset time relative to a reference time, the reference time based on at least one of:a time the TCI state activation command is sent; ora time an acknowledgement for the TCI state activation command is communicated.29.A method for wireless communications at an apparatus, comprising:receiving a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at the apparatus;receiving one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with the first TCI state after reception of the TCI state activation command; andactivating the first TCI state after reception of the one or more aperiodic RSs.30.An method for wireless communications at an apparatus, comprising:sending a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state activation command comprising an indication to activate a first TCI state of a TCI state pool configured at a user equipment (UE) ;sending one or more aperiodic reference signals (RSs) associated with the first TCI state after transmission of the TCI state activation command; andactivating the first TCI state after transmission of the one or more aperiodic RSs.
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