Method for operating a network, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium, and electronic computing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a network (10), having the steps of: providing the network (10) with at least one transmission node, at least one intermediate node (14), and at least one end node (16); receiving data stream information (18) on a data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted to the end node (16) via the intermediate node (14); determining the current quantity of potential interferers (24, 26); determining the maximum delay at the intermediate node (14) on the basis of the data stream information (18) and on the basis of the current quantity of potential interferers (24, 26); determining a worst-case transmission time (28) of the data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted on the basis of the data stream information (18) and on the basis of the maximum delay due to interferers (22); and deciding whether the data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted is transmitted via the intermediate node (14) on the basis of the data stream information (18) and the determined worst-case transmission time (28). The invention also relates to a computer program product, to a computer-readable storage medium, and to an electronic computing device (12).

Description

[0001]202311900 Foreign version 1 Description Method for operating a network, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium and electronic computing device The invention relates to a method for operating a network (Time Sensitive Network, TSN) by means of an electronic computing device of the network. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic computing device. The new communication standard for so-called "Bridges and Bridged Networks", in particular for time-sensitive networks, deals with several priority classes, in particular so-called class types of messages that must be sent cyclically through an industrial communication network. Communication is organized in the form of data streams.A data stream is, in particular, a unidirectional data flow, for example, from inputs and outputs of a controlled production process, across a series of network nodes, from a transmitting node (talker) via intermediate nodes, so-called bridges, to one or more receiving nodes (listeners). Each transmitting node has a defined feed cycle, by means of which a data stream is transmitted, possibly with a reduction in speed. Industrial communication, in-car Ethernet, pro audio-video, and other communications require the limitation of the transmission time (latency, i.e., the time interval between the transmission time at the transmitting node and the reception time at the end node) in the network. Therefore, they use time-sensitive data streams, i.e., data streams that must be delivered with a limited latency. Unless otherwise stated, all data streams in this document refer to time-sensitive data streams.202311900 Foreign Version 2 Communication planning must decide whether new data streams can be accepted. This only happens if the guaranteed properties of their class type are met for these new data streams and the guarantees of all previously planned streams are maintained. Such guarantees depend on the priority class and can be, for example, restrictions on the maximum latency or the requirement of zero congestion loss, which in particular means no buffer overflow on the bridges or the receiving nodes. To decide whether to accept or reject a new data stream, communication planning requires an estimate of the maximum possible transmission time of the data stream. An important component of this transmission time is caused by interference from other data streams, the so-called interferers.Typically, there are several priority classes of data streams with different characteristics in a network. Each node in the network maintains queues for each data stream priority class, and each queue operates internally according to the so-called first-in-first-out principle, but if there is more than one non-empty queue, the queue with the highest priority is processed next. The so-called data packets (frames) of these data streams are sent in injection cycles, and their class restrictions are, for example, no congestion loss for data streams with the highest priority used in the network and a maximum transmission time of, for example, a fraction of the injection cycle of their sending node. The injection cycle is the period of time during which the sequence of operations is repeated at the sending node, for example, determining the time at which frames in the highest priority queue can be sent.Furthermore, data streams of the higher priority class can interrupt the transmission of data streams of lower priority classes if frame preemption is enabled. Compliance with the guaranteed class properties is always ensured by a (usually incremental) acceptance process, within which the system can refuse the establishment of a new data stream in order to maintain all necessary guarantees for the data streams already accepted. Requests to add or delete data streams can contain either one or more data streams. Likewise, data streams can be fed into the network as an uninterrupted sequence, so-called bursts, particularly per queue (per queue scheduling), or with intervals, particularly per data stream (per frame scheduling).The communication scheduling decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of a data stream at runtime requires an efficient delay model for the data packets of the data streams, based on which the maximum possible transmission time of a data stream (as an upper bound) caused by fixed delay and interference with other data streams is calculated. In the current state of the art, for example, appropriate time slots are calculated, communicated to the intermediate nodes or bridges, and reserved for each data stream so that no two data packets transmitted over the same output connection (port) can arrive at the output port at the same time. In this way, the data streams are isolated from each other, in particular, intra-class interference is eliminated, and service determinism at each intermediate node is achieved.These approaches are known as stream isolation and require time information and synchronization for all intermediate nodes. 202311900 Foreign Version 4 The object of the present invention is to create a method, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic computing device by means of which a novel and / or improved operation of a time-sensitive network is enabled. This object is achieved by a method, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic computing device according to the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims. One aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a network by means of an electronic computing device of the network. The network is provided with at least one transmitting node, one intermediate node and one end node.Data stream information (e.g., transmitting node, end node, priority class, transmission path, data packet length, time requirements) about a potential data stream to be sent via the at least one intermediate node to the end node is received by the electronic computing device. For the at least one intermediate node, a currently predominant set of potential interferers is determined from the total set of already planned data streams that, for example, use the same output port at this intermediate node by means of the electronic computing device. A worst-case transmission time of the potential data stream to be sent is determined by means of the electronic computing device, in particular by means of the worst-case transmission time of its data packets, as a function of the data stream information and as a function of the currently predominant set of potential interferers.The result is used to decide whether the potentially transmitted data stream can be transmitted via the intermediate node. This is done, in particular, under the conditions that its own class guarantees are met (a) and / or in 202311900 Foreign Version 5 dependence on the data stream information and the determined maximum number of potential interferers by the electronic computing device. Using the same method, it can next be checked whether the already accepted data streams can still be reliably transmitted without violating their class guarantees due to the potential new data stream (b). Only data streams that satisfy both (a) and (b) are accepted.In particular, a worst-case scenario is considered for each data stream involved, ensuring that both the potential data stream to be sent and the data streams already accepted can be transmitted reliably. In particular, this allows a network to be operated with time-sensitive message traffic, i.e., a network that has been appropriately configured to enable time-sensitive traffic. The data stream information is received, in particular, including a predetermined, maximum permitted transmission time. The intermediate node can have only a single input port for receiving data streams and a single output port for sending data streams. Furthermore, an intermediate node can also have a plurality of input ports and / or a plurality of output ports.In particular, the method does not rely on time-synchronized intermediate nodes or corresponding gate control in the nodes. Consequently, the method is more flexible with regard to hardware and software requirements and supports the rapid addition and removal of data streams and end nodes in the network. Since it is an iterative process, the method can be applied both in a situation where only one data stream is added and in a situation where multiple data streams are added to the time-sensitive network. This method can be applied offline by the engineering team, together with an already completed partial plan, or incrementally online. In particular, the time-sensitive network with synchronized transmitting nodes is proposed.The transmitting nodes are, in particular, so-called time-aware end stations that send and receive data streams in the network. The corresponding feed cycles of the transmitting nodes are integer multiples of a common smallest time interval GC. min A special case is the choice of the feed cycles as powers of two of GC min, which simplifies the calculation. This choice reduces the number of possible interferers and leads to tighter upper bounds for the transmission time, but is not absolutely necessary. For both identical and different data stream periods, there is a periodicity of the planned highest priority data traffic in the network, a so-called hyperperiod. A potential data stream to be sent can only be accepted if, within this hyperperiod, the conditions of its data stream information are met in every injection cycle in which one of its data packets is sent. Therefore, an arbitrary injection cycle of the data stream is considered below. A transmission time constraint for highest priority data streams in the network is known. A special case is when no two data packets of a data stream are in transit at the same time, the so-called "frames-in-flight ≤ 1" (a stronger latency constraint is also possible).The minimum and maximum transmission times (see IEEE 802.1Q-2022, 12.32.1) at the end nodes and intermediate nodes along the transmission path, in the absence of interferers, as well as the delays on the transmission lines, are known. The maximum processing time along a path for a data packet, as well as the synchronization jitter at the transmitting node, are added to the upper bound of the interference delay before checking whether the transmission time is below the defined limit. Due to their synchronization, all transmitting nodes share a common time base. Because all injection cycles are multiples of a common smallest time interval GC. min are, the common time base has a grid structure, with intervals at a distance of GC min, and all start times of injection cycles lie on grid points. In each individual injection cycle within a hyperperiod, a series of data packets of a defined, highest priority in the network is injected into the network. Due to their transmission time constraints, these packets are present at every intermediate node along their path for a time interval of known maximum length. A special case is that they are present exclusively during their injection cycle, but not beyond. When a data packet arrives at an intermediate node, the "significant bit" is the bit whose receipt triggers its entry into the output queue. The significant bit of a data packet can be different at different intermediate nodes along its path, depending on the forwarding mechanism, the capabilities of the intermediate node, and the input and output speed pair of the connection.For example, in store-and-forward (S&F), the significant bit is the last bit, while in cut-through (CT / dCT), it is located after the header section necessary to determine the output port. Furthermore, a set of already accepted data streams S of this defined priority class is given, with their paths from the sending node to the receiving node, all of which satisfy their data stream information requirements. Furthermore, a new 202311900 Foreign Version 8 data stream with its data stream information is given, which is to be scheduled, along with an injection cycle r (called the phase), which is considered the cycle in which transmission of the data stream is to begin. The selection of suitable phases is the task of the electronic computing device, particularly in the case of phase allocation, and is considered given.The scheduling algorithm accepts the new data stream in phase r only if, after its hypothetical inclusion in phase r, the conditions (of the data stream information) of the new data stream are met and the conditions of all previously accepted data streams are still met. Otherwise, the electronic computing device refuses to accept the new data stream in phase r. To verify the transmission time of the data packet, a convoy analysis (referred to later) is used to determine an upper bound for the delay caused by interferers of a data packet at a specific intermediate node on its path. The upper bound is determined specifically for worst-case behavior in the network.Since this method is based on determining an upper limit for the worst-case queue at each intermediate node, it can also be used to verify the "no data packet loss" constraint, i.e., no buffer overflow. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the electronic computing device for operating the network is implemented using a central control unit, which decides on incoming communication requests from end nodes of the network, in particular on the inclusion of potentially transmitted data streams requested by these requests. This allows the information required for this decision to be provided in a single location.202311900 Foreign version 9 It has further proven advantageous if the addition of the data stream potentially to be sent in a given feed cycle via the intermediate node is rejected by the electronic computing device if the determined worst-case transmission time is determined to be higher than a maximum transmission time predetermined in the data stream information, and that the data stream potentially to be sent in the given feed cycle via the intermediate node is accepted by the electronic computing device or continues to be regarded as a candidate if the determined worst-case transmission time is determined to be less than or equal to a maximum transmission time predetermined in the data stream information.In particular, the data stream potentially to be transmitted can thus be accepted by the computing device in phase r or continue to be considered a candidate if the determined worst-case transmission time is determined to be shorter than a transmission time specified in the data stream information. Furthermore, in particular, the data stream potentially to be transmitted is rejected by the computing device in phase r if the determined maximum transmission time is determined to be longer than a transmission time specified in the data stream information. For example, it can then be provided that the computing unit determines a different phase or a different transmission path for this data stream. Thus, the corresponding rules can be observed so that the data stream to be transmitted arrives at the receiving node on time even under worst-case conditions.It can also be provided that, depending on the determined worst-case transmission time, a further worst-case transmission time is determined for each interferer from the current set of prevailing potential interferers, and the potential data stream to be transmitted by the intermediate node is only accepted if a predetermined threshold for each further worst-case transmission time is not exceeded. In particular, the potential data stream to be transmitted is thus only accepted if all guaranteed properties of already planned data streams / interferers remain fulfilled, so that a similar calculation is performed for each already planned data stream, including the potential data stream to be transmitted.It is also advantageous if the decision to send is made depending on a priority class specified in the data stream information for the data stream potentially to be sent. For example, a priority can be classified as high, medium, or low. It is also possible for other priority classes to be classified. Depending on such a classification, a decision can then be made as to whether, for example, the data stream is accepted. In particular, data streams with a high priority have precedence over data streams with a medium or low priority. Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if a transmission time restriction, which is in particular part of the data stream information, is specified, known, but unrestricted. This enables a broader applicability of the method than, in particular, a restriction to the same feed cycle or frame in flight ≤ 1.It is also advantageous if the decision to send the data stream is made at the intermediate node based on a predetermined time. In particular, a first such time can be referred to as zero-high traffic. These zero-high traffic times are times at which, due to the properties of the class type, no data packets with the defined priority that use the same output port at the intermediate node as the frame of interest (FOI) are traveling along the entire path of the data packet of interest (FOI). Such zero-high traffic times always exist in many network configurations. For example, the start of a new hyperperiod is such a time for all intermediate nodes and FOIs if the maximum latency of all data streams is a fraction of their feed cycle. In many cases, however, these zero-high traffic times are much closer together.A special case occurs when there is a single common injection cycle for all transmitting nodes and the maximum latency of all data streams is a fraction of this injection cycle. Then, at the end of each injection cycle, there is a zero-high traffic time point across the entire network. A second special case occurs when frames with the defined priority (high) must reach their destination within the same "grid interval," the length GC. min in which they were transmitted. This latency constraint results in a zero-high-traffic point in time across the entire network at the end of each grid interval. A second special point in time for the FOI is the beginning of its injection cycle, ^^ ^^^^^^^^^. If this time is not a "zero-high-traffic" time at the intermediate node, there may be potentially interfering data packets that were sent earlier and are still in transit during the FOI's runtime. For this reason, it is not sufficient to start with the compilation of the set of potential interferers at time ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ to begin. For the data package ^^, ^^ ^ ^^^^ the beginning of its feed-in cycle, and the latest time at which it must reach its destination due to the maximum latency constraint. The time interval [^^^(^^),^^^(^^)) is called the "(maximum) lifetime" of ^^. From the group of first special time points ("zero-high-traffic" time points) for the output port ^^, a special time point ^^(^^^^^^, ^^) is determined as the latest time point of the group that is not later than the second special time point. A third special time point, and in particular to be considered as a preferred time point, for the FOI is, from the set of grid points, a suitable time point ^^ ^ (^^^^^^), called the reference time, which lies between the special time ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^) and the second special time ^^ ^(^^^^^^) (the beginning of the FOI feed-in cycle). The reference time can be either ^^^(^^^^^^) or ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^). In particular, ^^^(^^^^^^) = ^^^(^^^^^^) is suggested as the first choice. 202311900 Foreign Version 12 It is also advantageous if the maximum transmission time is determined via the sum of the maximum waiting times at the intermediate nodes on the data stream path. The waiting time, in turn, depends in particular on the corresponding data streams already planned on the individual intermediate node (i.e., whose path passes through the same output port of this intermediate node). This can be used, in particular, to determine how long the potentially transmitted data stream requires until it is transmitted from the transmitting node to the receiving node. This allows a reliable decision to be made as to whether the data stream is still considered a candidate for possible acceptance or not. It is also advantageous if a transmission processThe intermediate node's potential interference with the data stream potentially to be transmitted at the intermediate node is taken into account when determining the maximum transmission time. In particular, the waiting time of the data packets of the data stream potentially to be transmitted at an intermediate node can thus be determined depending on the data packets of all already scheduled data streams that may be simultaneously in the queue at the output port of this intermediate node. The potentially transmitted data stream is then mentally appended to all already existing data streams, in particular, placed at the most unfavorable position in this queue (which causes the longest waiting time in this queue). The longest waiting time calculated in this way is used to check whether the corresponding specifications for transmitting the already existing data streams and the data stream can be met. A further advantageous embodiment providesthat a worst-case scenario is assumed for both the already accepted data streams and the potential data stream to be transmitted to determine the maximum transmission time. Consequently, not only the worst-case behavior of the potential data stream to be transmitted is used, but also the worst-case behavior of the already accepted data streams. To do this, the corresponding data packets on each input connection (input port) are packed into so-called tight convoys, and certain frames, for example, the longest frames, are also assumed to be in their worst position. For example, on each input port except that of the Frame of Interest (FOI), the longest frame is placed first for an S&F scenario and last for a CT scenario, or as close as possible to the FOI. For the FOI input port, this is done for the rest of the convoy without the FOI. This ensures thatthe data streams can be transmitted accordingly even under worst-case conditions. Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the transmission process of the intermediate node is taken into account when determining the maximum transmission time. In particular, it is provided that even during the reception of the potentially transmitted data stream, as well as during its waiting time, already received data packets from the queue are forwarded via the output port. This forwarding of the data streams can also be taken into account, whereby (after additional steps) the maximum delay due to interference at this intermediate node can be reliably determined. It has also proven advantageous if the time-sensitive network is provided with at least one intermediate node and the maximum transmission time is determined as a function of respective delays due to interference at the at least one intermediate node. In particular,several, in particular more than one intermediate node are provided. In particular, the entire transmission path is thus taken into account. Thus, the corresponding maximum delays due to interference at each intermediate node can be reliably determined, whereby a maximum transmission time can be determined which, in particular, fulfills the corresponding requirements for sending the data stream under the corresponding conditions, in particular depending on the data stream information. Thus, the time-sensitive network can be operated reliably. A further advantageous embodiment provides that the at least one intermediate node is used in a time-unsynchronized manner, as is the receiving node. In particular, it is therefore not necessary for the intermediate node and the receiving node to be provided in a time-synchronized manner. This enables a simpler hardware and software configuration for the time-sensitive network. Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if a first-in-first-out principle, as described, for example, in IEEE 802.1Q-2022, is applied to the at least one intermediate node. In particular, it can thus be realized that the data streams are processed according to their arrival time. In particular, it can also be provided that, for example, corresponding data streams can arrive at the intermediate node depending on the priority class and a first-in-first-out principle is applied depending on the priority class. Thus, the time-sensitive network can be operated reliably. The presented method is, in particular, a computer-implemented method. Therefore, a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product with program code means which cause an electronic computing device, when the program code means are processed by the electronic computing device, toA further aspect of the invention relates to an electronic computing device for a time-sensitive network, wherein the electronic computing device is designed to carry out a method according to the preceding aspect. In particular, the method is carried out by means of the electronic computing device. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a time-sensitive network with at least the electronic computing device. Advantageous embodiments of the method are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the computer program product, the computer-readable storage medium, the electronic computing device and the time-sensitive network. The electronic computing device and the time-sensitive network have specificFeatures in order to be able to carry out corresponding method steps. A computing unit / electronic computing device can be understood in particular as a data processing device that contains a processing circuit. The computing unit can therefore in particular process data to carry out computing operations. This may also include operations to carry out indexed access to a data structure, for example a conversion table, LUT (look-up table). The computing unit can in particular contain one or more computers, one or more microcontrollers and / or one or more integrated circuits, for example one or more application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), one or more field-programmable gate arrays, FPGAs, and / or one or more single-chip systems, SoCs (system on a chip). The computing unit can also have aor more processors, for example one or more microprocessors, one or more central processing units, CPU (English: 202311900 Foreign Version 16 "central processing unit"), one or more graphics processing units, GPU (English: "graphics processing unit") and / or one or more signal processors, in particular one or more digital signal processors, DSP. The computing unit can also include a physical or virtual network of computers or other of the aforementioned units. Furthermore, the electronic computing device can also be designed in the form of a quantum computer. In various embodiments, the computing unit includes one or more hardware and / or software interfaces and / or one or more memory units. A memory unit can be a volatile data memory, for example a dynamic random access memory, DRAM (English: "dynamic random access memory") orstatic random access memory, SRAM (English: “static random access memory”), or as non-volatile data memory, for example as read-only memory, ROM (English: “read-only memory”), as programmable read-only memory, PROM (English: “programmable read-only memory”), as erasable programmable read-only memory, EPROM (English: “erasable programmable read-only memory”), as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM (English: “electrically erasable programmable read-only memory”), as flash memory or flash EEPROM, as ferroelectric random access memory, FRAM (English: “ferroelectric random access memory”), as magnetoresistive random access memory, MRAM (English: “magnetoresistive random access memory”) or as phase-change random access memory, PCRAM (English: “phase-change random access memory”). For use cases or application situations that arise in theMethod and which are not explicitly described here 202311900 Foreign Version 17, it can be provided that according to the method an error message and / or a request to enter user feedback is issued and / or a default setting and / or a predetermined initial state is set. Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, persons with male, female or other gender identity are also included. Further features of the invention emerge from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown in the figures can be encompassed by the invention not only in the respective combination specified, but also in other combinations. In particular, embodiments and combinations of featuresbe encompassed by the invention which do not have all the features of an originally formulated claim. Furthermore, embodiments and combinations of features may be encompassed by the invention which go beyond or deviate from the combinations of features set out in the backreferences of the claims. In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of a time-sensitive network with an embodiment of an electronic computing device; and FIG. 2 shows a schematic time-data packet diagram. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to specific exemplary embodiments and associated schematic drawings. In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent elements may be provided with the same reference numerals. The description of identical or functionally equivalent elements is not necessarily repeated with respect to different figures. FIG. 1 shows a schematicBlock diagram according to an embodiment of a network 10. In the following exemplary embodiment, the network 10 has at least one electronic computing device 12. The electronic computing device 12 is designed to carry out a corresponding subsequent method. According to one embodiment of the method, the network 10 is provided with at least one transmitting node with a data stream 20 that is potentially to be transmitted, an intermediate node 14, and an end node 16. Data stream information 18 (including a predetermined, maximum permitted transmission time) about a data stream 20 that is potentially to be transmitted is received via the intermediate node 14 to the end node 16 by means of the electronic computing device 12. A maximum delay by interferers 22 is determined as a function of data streams already accepted from the interferers 24, 26 at the intermediate node 14 by means of the electronic computing device 12. TheDetermining a worst-case transmission time of the potentially transmitted data stream 20 as a function of the data stream information 18 and as a function of the calculated maximum delay by the interferer 22 by means of the electronic computing device 12. A decision is then made as to whether the potentially transmitted data stream 20 is transmitted via the intermediate node 14 as a function of the data stream information 18 and the determined maximum transmission time 28 by means of the electronic computing device 12. In the present case, in particular, another data stream from the interferer 24 and yet another data stream from the interferer 26 are shown, which are to be regarded as the already accepted data streams from the interferers 24, 26. 202311900 Foreign version 19 In particular, it is provided that the potentially transmitted data stream 20 is still considered a candidate by the electronic computing device 12 if the determined worst-case transmission time 28 across all intermediate nodes14 on its path is determined to be lower than a maximum transmission time specified in the data stream information 18. Furthermore, it is provided that the potentially transmitted data stream 20 is rejected by the electronic computing device 12 if the determined worst-case transmission time 28 across all intermediate nodes 14 on its path is determined to be higher than a maximum transmission time specified in the data stream information 18. Furthermore, it can be provided that the decision to transmit is made depending on a priority class specified in the data stream information 18 for the potentially transmitted data stream 20. Furthermore, it can be provided, in particular, that the decision to transmit is made depending on at least one predetermined time at the intermediate node 14. Furthermore, it can be provided that the maximum transmission time 28 is determined depending on a waiting time in the intermediate node 14. The waiting time inDependence on data streams 24, 26 already accepted, received by the intermediate node 14, and still to be transmitted can be determined. Furthermore, a worst-case scenario for the data streams 24, 26 already received and still to be transmitted can be assumed in order to determine the maximum transmission time 28. Furthermore, it can be provided that the transmission process of the data streams 24, 26 of the intermediate node 14 is also taken into account when determining the maximum transmission time 28. FIG. 1 particularly shows that only one intermediate node 14 can be provided. However, it can also be provided that the network 10 is provided with at least two intermediate nodes 14 and the maximum transmission time 28 is determined depending on the respective maximum 202311900 foreign version 20 delays due to interference 22 of the at least two intermediate nodes 14. Furthermore, it can be provided that the at least one intermediate node 14 and the end nodeprovided in a time-unsynchronized manner. Furthermore, it is provided that a first-in-first-out principle is applied at the at least one intermediate node 14. FIG. 2 shows a schematic time-data stream (frame) diagram. In particular, a plurality of different frames or data packets 30-44 are shown here that must be sent. For the method, a TSN network (time-sensitive network 10) with synchronized transmitting nodes (time-aware end stations that send data streams into the network) is provided. The feed cycles of the transmitting nodes are integer multiples of a common smallest time interval ^^^^ ^^^ A special case is the choice of feed-in cycles as powers of two of ^^^^ ^^^, which simplifies the calculation. For both identical and different periods of the data streams 20, 24, 26 (streams), there is a total time interval (called the hyperperiod) after which the highest-priority scheduled data traffic is repeated in the network. Because all injection cycles are multiples of a common smallest time interval ^^^^ ^^^ are, the common time base has a grid structure, with intervals at a distance of ^^^^ ^^^, and all start times of injection cycles lie on grid points. The latency constraint (transmission time constraint) for data packets 30-44 of the highest priority in the network is known (part of the data stream information 18). For example, this can specify that no two data packets of a data stream 20, 24, 26 are in transit at the same time ("frames in flight" ≤1). A stronger latency constraint is also possible, for example, that the data stream must arrive within its injection cycle, or within a real fraction of it. The minimum and maximum processing times (stay times) at end nodes 20, 16 and intermediate node 14, in the absence of interferers, are known, as are the delays on the transmission lines.The maximum processing times (without interference) at all intermediate nodes 14, also called bridges, along the path of a data packet 30-44, including the end nodes 16, as well as the synchronization jitter at the transmitting node, are added to the upper bounds of the interference delays before checking whether the transmission time is within the defined limit. Due to their synchronization, all transmitting nodes share a common time base. Because all feed cycles are multiples of a common smallest time interval GC. min are, the common time base has a grid structure, with intervals at a distance of GC min, and all start times of injection cycles lie on grid points. In each individual injection cycle within the hyperperiod, a series of data packets (with or without gaps) 20, 24, 26 of a defined, highest priority in the network (hereinafter referred to as "High") are injected into the network. Due to their transmission time constraints, these data packets are present at every intermediate node on their path 14 for a time interval of known maximum length. A special case is that they are only present during their injection cycle, but not beyond. When a data packet 30 - 44 arrives at an intermediate node 14, the "significant bit" is the bit whose receipt triggers entry into the output queue.The significant bit of a data packet 30-44 can be different at different intermediate nodes 14 along its path, depending on the forwarding mechanism, the capabilities of the intermediate node, and the input and output speed pair of the connection. 202311900 Foreign Version 22 Example: In Store-and-Forward (S&F), the significant bit is the last bit, while in Cut-Through (CT / dCT) it is located after the header section necessary to determine the output port. Furthermore, the following properties are given: A set of already accepted streams S, in this case the data streams 24, 26, of the highest priority class in the network with their paths from the sending node to the receiving node 16, all of which satisfy their data stream information.A new data stream with its data stream information, in particular the potentially transmitted data stream 20 to be scheduled, together with an injection cycle r (called the phase), which is considered the cycle in which transmission of the data stream is to begin. The selection of suitable phases is the task of the phase allocation module of the electronic computing device and is considered given. If the phase corresponding to the injection cycle r does not lead to acceptance of the new data stream, the electronic computing device can select another phase as a candidate for acceptance, provided there are still possible unattended phases.The scheduling algorithm accepts the new data stream in phase r only if, after its hypothetical inclusion in phase r, the conditions of the new data stream 20 are met, in particular according to the data stream information 18, and the conditions of all previously accepted data streams 24, 26 are still met. Otherwise, the scheduling algorithm refuses to add the new data stream in phase r. To check the transmission times of the data packet(s) 30-44, the following method, which can also be referred to as convoy analysis, is used to determine an upper limit for the delay due to interferers of a data packet 30-44 at a specific intermediate node 14 on its path. An upper limit is determined for the worst-case delay due to interferers 22 at 202311900 foreign version 23 this intermediate node 14, and based thereon, along the entire path of the data packet 30 - 44 in question.Since this method is based on determining an upper bound for the worst-case queue at each intermediate node 14, it can also be used to verify the "no loss" condition (i.e., no buffer overflow). Within the scope of the invention, "special" times are used that are suitable for use as calculation times for the delay analysis of the frame of interest (FOI). The FOI corresponds to the data packet 20 potentially to be sent. A first group of special times are "zero-high traffic" times, i.e., times at which, due to the properties of the class type, no data packets (high frames) 30–44 of the defined class (High) that use the same output port at the intermediate node as the FOI can travel along the entire path of the FOI. Such "zero-high traffic" times exist in many network configurations. These times facilitate the calculation but are not absolutely necessary.For example, in many network configurations, the start of a new hyperperiod is such a time for all intermediate nodes and FOIs. In many cases, the "zero-high traffic" times are much closer together. A special case is when there is a single common injection cycle for all sending nodes and the maximum latency of all data streams is a fraction of this injection cycle. Then, at the end of each injection cycle, there is "zero-high traffic" at each intermediate node 14. A second special case occurs when the high frames reach their destination within the same "grid interval" of length ^^^^. ^^^ in which they were transmitted. This latency constraint results in zero-high traffic at every intermediate node 14 at the end of each grid interval. A second special time for the FOI is the beginning of its injection cycle, ^^ ^(^^^^^^). If this time is not a "zero-high-traffic" time at intermediate node 14, there may be 202311900 foreign version 24 potentially interfering data packets 30-44 that were sent earlier and are still in transit during the FOI runtime. For this reason, it is not sufficient to start with the compilation of the set of potential interferers at time ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) to begin. For the data packet ^^ 30 - 44 designated ^^ ^ (^^) the beginning of its feed-in cycle, and the latest time at which it must reach its destination due to the maximum latency constraint. The time interval [^^ ^ (^^),^^ ^(^^)) is called the "(maximum) lifetime" of ^^. From the group of first special time points ("zero-high-traffic" time points) for the output port ^^, if it is not empty, a special time point ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^) is determined as the latest time point of the group that does not lie after the second special time point. If this group is empty, ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^) is determined as the beginning of the hyperperiod in which ^^^(^^^^^^) lies. A third special time point for the FOI is a suitable time point ^^ from the set of grid points. ^(^^^^^^), called the reference time, which lies between the special time ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^) and the second special time ^^(^^^^^^) (the beginning of the FOI injection cycle). The reference time can be either ^^^(^^^^^^) or ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^). In particular, ^^^(^^^^^^) = ^^^(^^^^^^) is proposed as the first choice. To obtain an upper bound for the transmission delay due to interferers for the FOI, the following procedure is used. For each intermediate node 14 on the path of the FOI: Determine the second time ^^^^(^^^^^^), and the special time ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^). The two times can be the same; Determining the set^^^(^^^^^^) of all data packets 30 - 44 that pass the same output port at this intermediate node 14 and are traveling in the network within the time interval (^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^), ^^^(^^^^^^)); Determining a suitable reference time ^^ ^(^^^^^^). Since the 202311900 foreign version 25 feed cycles of the transmitting nodes are integer multiples of a common smallest time interval ^^^^ ^^^ are, only grid points in increments of ^^^^ ^^^ are taken into account, ie the times {^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^), ^^௭(^^^^^^, ^^) + ^^^^^^^, … ,^^^(^^^^^^)}, and of these only grid points at which data packets in ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) begin; For a specific reference time ^^ ^ (^^^^^^): Create from the set ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) of the potential interferers a subset of potential interferers ^^ ^ (^^^^^^), which contains all data packets whose lifetime varies with the time interval (^^ ^ (^^),^^ ^ (^^)) overlaps; generating from the set ^^ ^(^^^^^^) of the potential interferers of the FOI, two disjoint subsets ^^^(^^^^^^) and ^^(^^^^^^), as follows: ^^(^^^^^^) contains all frames from the set ^^^(^^^^^^) whose transmission time begins before and ends after the reference time. The frames (subset of 30 – 44) represent the initial queue in the following convoy analysis; ^^^(^^^^^^) contains all data packets s 30 – 44 in ^^^(^^^^^^) whose lifetime begins on or after the reference time. These frames (subset of 30 – 44) are used to form convoys. The sets ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) and ^^ ொ (^^^^^^) can also be created directly without first ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) or ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) to be determined. For this purpose, some special cases for the formation of the two sets of potential interferers ^^ ொ (^^^^^^) and ^^ ^(^^^^^^). A special case is the setting ^^^(^^^^^^) =^^^(^^^^^^) and ^^ொ(^^^^^^) = ∅. This case is used, for example, when ^^^(^^^^^^) is a member of the first special time group of "Zero-High-Traffic". A second special case is to consider the ingress port in addition to the lifetime, and to send data packets 30 – 44 in ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) arriving at the same input port as the FOI, in ^^^(^^^^^^), and all other data packets 30 – 44 in^^^(^^^^^^) in ^^(^^^^^^). This case can be used, for example, if ^^^(^^^^^^) = ^^^(^^^^^^) is chosen. The thus calculated upper bound can be efficient, but less tight. Subsequently, the convoy analysis is performed with the sets ^^ ^ (^^^^^^) and ^^ ொ(^^^^^^) is carried out. The result is the upper bound for the delay of the FOI due to interferers at this 202311900 foreign version 26 intermediate node 14, which is given by the choice of the reference time. This can be chosen as the final reference time and thus defines the upper bound for the delay of the FOI due to interferers. The calculation can be repeated with another reference time if necessary, and from the set of calculated reference times the one that resulted in the smallest (= tightest) upper bound can be selected. The convoy analysis is described in more detail in the following text. For a frame of interest (FOI) at a specific output port on its way: The waiting time of the FOI results from all data packets 30 - 44 that it finds lined up in front of its output port at the time of its arrival.The FOI has the longest wait time and thus the greatest delay if it arrives at the output port queue at the time of the longest queue. Convoys with data packets 30–44 in the set ^^ are generated. ^(^^^^^^) potential interferers are formed, i.e. on each input port the data packets 30 – 44 are packed into dense sequences with only the minimum required interframe gaps, the so-called “min IPG (inter packet gaps)” between the data packets 30 – 44. The length of the min IPG gaps is regarded as part of the frames, so that the convoy is also gapless. The term convoy is an abbreviation for a densely packed sequence of the available interfering data packets 30 – 44 on a port. ^^(^^) is the total length of the convoy on the input port ^^ (including the interframe gaps). Not only is an upper limit for the worst-case behavior set by packing the frame sequences on an input port into convoys, but certain data packets 30 – 44, e.g. For example, the longest ones are assumed to be in their worst position if this leads to a worse scenario.For example, for S&F, the longest frame 30–44 is placed first and for CT last on every ingress port except the port of the FOI 202311900 foreign version 27. For the FOI port, this is done for the rest of the convoy (excluding the FOI). If the data packets 30–44 arrive densely packed in convoys in the queue before the egress port of the intermediate node, each end time of a convoy marks a (further) decrease in the inflow-to-outflow ratio in the queue.If data packets were continuously added to the queue (bit by bit), the queue length would increase when the sum of the input port speeds was greater than the output port speed. The last time this relationship would hold would be the last time the buffer level (queue fill level) was still increasing, after which it remained constant as long as inflow and outflow were equal, and after which it decreased when the inflow became less than the outflow. Given a set of input ports with their respective port speeds and an output port speed at the intermediate node, as well as ^^. ^(^^^^^^) formed convoys of a certain length at the respective input ports, the time 0 (for later calculation) is obtained by aligning the parallel incoming convoys in such a way that the significant bits of the first data packets 30 – 44 of the convoys are at time 0 on all ports except the FOI port. The high queue at time 0 − ^^ (for a ^^ > 0) contains the data packets from ^^ ொ (^^^^^^). Due to the alignment, the largest possible jump in the queue content occurs at time 0 + ^^. Time T is at the end of the convoy after which the combined speeds of the input ports are no longer greater than those of the output port, or, as specified, when they are no longer greater than or equal to each other. Time t ∗is the time of greatest utilization, ie, the longest queue length, and thus the worst time for the FOI to join the queue. There can be several times that reach this maximum. As already explained, for time t ∗ A good candidate is 202311900 foreign version 28t∗ = T or a nearby time due to discretization effects from frame granularity and forwarding. The set ^^ ொ (^^^^^^) is queued at time 0 with a bit length of ^^^^(0). The set of nodes in the network is denoted by ^^, and the set of end nodes 16 by ^^ ⊂ ^^. Each end node 16 ^^ ∈ ^^ has an injection cycle ^^^^(^^) > 0. At each end node 16, the injection cycles are denoted by a number ^^ ∈ ^^. ^^^^^^^ is the greatest common divisor of all injection cycles. Injection cycles are thus integer multiples of ^^^^ ^^^, in other words, ^^^^(^^) / ^^^^^^^^ ∈ ^^ for every ^^ ∈ ^^. In particular, if the quotients of the feed-in cycles are powers of two, then^^^^^^^^ = min ^^^^(^^). The corresponding set of connections (“links”) ^∈ா between nodes is ^^. A link ^^ ∈ ^^ transmits data packets 30–44 from node ^^^^(^^) ∈ ^^ to node ^^^^^^(^^) ∈ ^^ with a bit rate ^^(^^) >0. The bit rate of the link is therefore both the port speed of the output port of node ^^^^(^^) and the port speed of the input port of node ^^^^^^(^^). ^^ is the set of data streams 20, 24, 26. A data stream 20, 24, 26 ^^ ∈ ^^ consists of data packets 30–44 from end node ^^^^(^^) ∈ ^^ to end node ^^^^(^^) ∈^^. The data packets 30–44 of the data stream ^^ have the same frame length ^^^^(^^) in bits (including the length of the header and min IPG). The path of a data stream ^^ with a number ^^(^^) of links is defined by the tuple ^^(^^) The data packets 30 – 44 of the data stream are routed through the links of the path ^^(^^).The data stream ^^ is fed into an injection cycle with length ^^^^(^^) = ^^^^(^^^^(^^)). Based on the required periodicity of the data stream cycle of the underlying application, the application cycle ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(^^) (time interval between consecutive injection cycles of the data stream), the data stream ^^ also has a so-called reduction ratio^^^^(^^), given by ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(^^) ≔ ^^^^(^^^^(^^)) ∙ ^^^^(^^). 202311900 Foreign Version 29 The planning determines for each data stream its phase ^^(^^) ∈{1, ... , ^^^^(^^)} and its transmission order in the transmission queue,^^(^^) ∈ ^^. The set of data streams 20, 24, 26 that inject a data packet 30 – 44 into the end node 16 ^^ in the injection cycle number ^^ are The "maximum latency fraction" ^^^^^^(^^) denotes the (possibly spurious, especially greater than 1) fraction of the injection cycle within which each frame 30–44 of the data stream ^^ must reach its destination due to the maximum latency constraint. For example, in the case of the transmission time constraint "frames-in-flight ≤ 1", ^^^^^^(^^) ≤ ^^^^(^^) applies. The frame ^^ ∈ ^^ ∶= ^^ × ^^ belongs to the data stream ^^(^^) ∈ ^^ and has the number ^^(^^) ∈ ^^. Data packets 30–44 inherit the properties of their data streams 20, 24, 26, e.g. B. Feed-in cycle ^^^^(^^) = ^^^^(^^(^^)), reduction ratio ^^^^(^^) = ^^^^(^^(^^)), frame length ^^^^(^^) = ^^^^(^^(^^), maximum latency fraction ^^^^^^(^^) Phase ^^(^^) = ^^(^^(^^)).ℋ(^^) ∶= {1, ... , ^^(^^)} is the set of link numbers on the path of the data stream ^^. The start is in the sending node. The set of frame links is Frame links (^^, ℎ) indicate the frame ^^ and the number ℎ of the next link (or the equivalent output port) in the path. The data stream of a frame link is the data stream of the data packet 30 - 44, i.e., ^^(^^, ℎ): = ^^(^^) and the link of a frame link is the next link in the path, i.e., ^^(^^, ℎ): = ^^^(^^(^^)). The hyperperiod HP is the lowest common multiple of the application cycles {^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(^^), ^^ ∈ ^^}. Due to the synchronization of the end nodes 16, the transmission process repeats identically after each hyperperiod. Therefore, without loss of generality, attention can be drawn to the time interval [0,^^^^]. 202311900 Foreign Version 30 The maximum lifetime of a frame ^^ is wobei^^^(^^) = (^^^^(^^)(^^(^^) − 1) + ^^(^^)) ∙ ^^^^(^^)^^^(^^) = ^^^(^^) + ^^^^^^(^^) ∙ ^^^^(^^) Using the maximum lifetimes, the requirement that no frame 30 - 44 may be lost can be verified by checking at each intermediate node 14 that the sum of the frame lengths across the maximum possible set of data packets 30 - 44 passing through the same output port does not exceed the corresponding buffer size at any time within HP. "Zero-high-traffic" times are times that do not lie within a maximum lifetime, i.e., all times ^^ ∈ ^^ satisfy the following condition: ). Examples of "zero-high-traffic" times are shown in Fig. 2. The most recent (least recent) "zero-high-traffic" time of a frame link (^^, ^^) ∈ ^^^^ is^^௭(^^, ^^): = sup This set can also be empty. For the frame link of interest (^^, ^^) ∈ ^^^^ with ^^ > 1, a reference time ^^^(^^) ∈ [^^௭(^^, ^^), ^^^(^^)] is chosen. Then the set ^^ொ(^^, ^^) of potential interferers, which are currently assumed to be 0 in the queue, is given by all frame links (^^, ℎ) ∈ ^^^^ that satisfy ^^(^^, ℎ) = ^^(^^, ^^) and ^^^(^^) ∈ The set ^^^(^^, ^^) of potential interferers used to form the convoys is given by all frame links (^^, ℎ) ∈ ^^^^ that satisfy ^^(^^, ℎ) = ^^(^^, ^^) and ^^^(^^) ∈ [^^^(^^), ^^^(^^)]. For example, ^^ = {^^^, ^^ଶ, ^^ଷ, ^^ସ, ^^ହ}, as shown in FIG 2. The FOI is ^^ = 40 at link ^^ with ^^ > 1, ^^ < ^^(^^ଶ), and has ^^௭(^^, ^^) as the most recent zero-high-traffic time. Data streams ^^ ^ zu ^^ ହhave link^^(^^, ^^) in their path. The choice of reference time determines the sets ^^ொ(^^, ^^) and ^^^(^^, ^^). For example, if ^^^(^^) = ^^௭(^^) then ^^ொ(^^, ^^) = ∅ and ^^^(^^, ^^) = {30, 36, 32, 38, 34, ^^^^^^}. 202311900 Foreign Version 31If ^^^(^^) = ^^^(^^) then ^^ொ(^^, ^^) = {34} and ^^^(^^, ^^) = ^^^^^^.If ^^^(^^) is as shown in FIG 2, then ^^ொ(^^, ^^) = {34} and ^^^(^^, ^^) = {36, 38,^^^^^^}.In the following, two methods are presented to limit the delay of the FOI or the waiting time at an intermediate node 14. The following notations are used:^^^: = the link speed at the output port ^^^^^: = the link speed at the input port ^^, which receives data packets transmitted via output port ^^^^^^: = the set of input ports via which the data packets of set I C(FOI) flow into the intermediate node 14 to the output port ^^(^^): = the total bit length of the convoy at the input port ^^ ∈ ^^^ to the output port ^^, formed from data packets of the set I C (FOI) by summing their frame lengths in bits (including the length of the header and min IPG)^^∗: = time of largest queue length (often the latest time at which the inflow exceeds the outflow); time 0 is the start of the convoys aligned by the significant bits FOI = Frame of Interest (which arrives at the intermediate node 14 on the input port ^^ and goes to the output port ^^) i: = input port of the FOI e: = output port of the FOI^^^^ ≔ FOI frame length^^^^^^௫(^^) ≔ the length of the largest data packet in ^^(^^)^^^^^^௫(^^, ^^^^) ≔ the frame length of the largest data packet in ^^(^^) excluding the FOI^^(^^^^^^) ≔ the longest waiting time for the FOI^^^^ ≔ the maximum delay due to data packets of lower Priorität^^^^^^^^^^^^ [0, ^^]: =same, but only via input ports controlled by i (the ^ஷ^ Input port of FOI) are different^^^^^^^^^^^^ [0, ^^]: =same, but only via input port i ^ୀ^ 202311900 Foreign version 32 bits^^ ୧୬ [0, t] ∶ = the number of bits entering the queue in the time interval (0, t) (ff stands for frame granularity and forwarding)^^^^^^^^^^௨௧[0, ^^]: = the number of bits leaving the queue in the time interval (0, t)^^^^(^^): = the number of bits in the queue at time tAccording to the first method for upper bounding the waiting time (delay) of the FOI at an intermediate node 14, the longest waiting time occurs when frame 30 - 44 has the largest queue in front of it: (1) An upper bound for the waiting time of the FOI is determined by the following formula: The maximum number of bits entering the queues is capped by forming convoys and the arrival of the FOI at time ^^ ∗ the highest utilization. Assuming that the FOI at the time ^^ ∗ arrives, it would experience the worst possible waiting time, with the upper limit given by (2), by setting ^^ = ^^∗, d.h. (3) 202311900 Foreign version 33During a time interval [0, ^^], the maximum number of individual bits that can arrive on the input port ^^ with the port speed ^^^ is ^^^^^^^^^^ [0, ^^] ≤ ^^^ ∙ ^^. If the ^^^^ ^ Bit stream can end within this interval, then for a length ^^ of the available bits: ^^^^^^^^^^ [0, ^^] ≤ min {^^^ ∙ ^^, ^^} ^^^^ ^Since data packets 30–44 do not arrive continuously and their entire length is queued the moment the significant bit arrives, marginal effects must be considered depending on the forwarding mechanism. For example, on an S&F connection, a frame 30–44 can arrive with its last significant bit at the beginning of the time interval, or on a DCT connection, a frame 30–44 can arrive with its significant bit located far forward in the data packet at the end of the time interval. For a general ingress port that does not contain the FOI and a convoy length of ^^(^^), the following applies: (4) The upper limit given in (4) for the available interfering bits on the incoming input ports ^^ which do not contain the FOI is multiplied by ^^ ^(^^). For the link of the FOI, it is important to place the FOI at the position of maximum delay. A suitable upper limit for the available interfering bits on the incoming input port (link) ^^ of the FOI of length ^^^^ with ^^ ^^ ^ ,^^ ( ^^ ) designated: (5) 202311900 Foreign version 34 For the forwarding modes CT and S&F, suitable upper limits for the FOI link are given by: (6) In S&F, the worst position for the FOI may be at the beginning if the FOI is the longest single frame in its convoy. In the upper bound, the length of the FOI is subtracted because its length does not contribute to the latency (only to the delay, so it is added there). If the FOI is forwarded using CT / dCT, its worst position is at the end of the interval, when the sum of the incoming link speeds is greater than the link speed of the output port. The position does not matter if there is only one incoming link that has the same speed as the link of the output port. The FOI length does not matter for the latency (but it does matter for the delay). Using equations (4) and (5), equation (2) can be written as: For many practical situations, time can ^^ ∗The worst case congestion, which reaches the maximum in this formula, can be determined by examining the convoys for the given convoy lengths, longest frames 30 - 44 in each convoy, link speeds, and forwarding modes. 202311900 Foreign Version 35 For example, for an intermediate node 14 with pure cut-through forwarding, this method would be used as time ^^ ∗ the worst utilization And a resulting worst waiting time for the FOI von A second method is a variation of the first method for determining the upper bound of the waiting time (delay) of FOI at an intermediate node 14. Using equations (4) and (5) without further detailed analysis, a second way of obtaining an upper bound can be demonstrated. This second method is useful due to its generality and the insight it provides. The upper bound of the second method mostly agrees with the upper bound of the first method and is otherwise only slightly looser. The maximization in (2) can be viewed as the search for the maximum of the difference between two functions. The first function is obtained by summing the individual upper bound functions, ^^^(^^), ^^ ≠ ^^, and defined in (4) and (6), which are all piecewise linear functions with three segments: the first is a step (possibly with height 0 if this part is omitted); the slope of the middle part corresponds to the port velocity of the respective input port; and the third segment is flat and begins when the convoy ends. These piecewise linear functions are essentially the maximum arrival curves (inflow curves) at these input ports. The second function, which is subtracted, is a linear function whose slope corresponds to the port velocity of the output port and corresponds to the (maximum) outflow curve. The piecewise linear function changes its slope at times ^^(^^). Their number corresponds to the set of input ports of the potential interferer. To find the maximum of the difference in (2), the difference at times ^^(^^) is evaluated, and the maximum among these calculations is chosen.

Claims

202311900 Foreign version 37 patent claims 1. Method for operating a network (10) with time-sensitive message traffic, by means of an electronic computing device (12) of this network (10), with the steps: - providing the network (10) with at least one transmitting node, at least one intermediate node (14) and at least one end node (16); - receiving data stream information (18) by the electronic computing device (12) about a potential data stream (20) to be sent via the intermediate node (14) to the end node (16); - determining a current set of predominant potential interferers (24, 26) from already accepted data streams at the intermediate node (14) by means of the electronic computing device (12);- Determining a maximum delay due to interferers (22) at the intermediate node (14) as a function of the data stream information (18) and as a function of the current quantity of prevailing potential interferers (24, 26) by means of the electronic computing device (12); - Determining a worst-case transmission time (28) of the data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted as a function of the data stream information (18) and as a function of the maximum delay due to interferers (22) at each of the at least one intermediate node (14) by means of the electronic computing device (12);and - deciding whether the potentially transmitted data stream (20) is to be sent via the intermediate node (14) as a function of the data stream information (18) and the determined worst-case transmission time (28) by means of the electronic computing device (12).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, for operating the network (10), the electronic computing device (12) is implemented by means of a central control unit (CNC) which receives incoming; 202311900 Foreign Version 38 communication requests from end nodes (16) of the network (10), in particular on the inclusion of potentially transmitted data streams (20) requested by these requests. 3.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the addition of the data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted in a given feed cycle via the intermediate node (14) is rejected by the electronic computing device (12) if the determined worst-case transmission time (28) is determined to be higher than a maximum transmission time predefined in the data stream information (18), and in that the data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted in the given feed cycle via the intermediate node (14) is accepted by the electronic computing device (12) or continues to be considered a candidate if the determined worst-case transmission time (28) is determined to be lower than or equal to a maximum transmission time predefined in the data stream information (18).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, depending on the determined worst-case transmission time (28), a further worst-case transmission time (28) is determined for each interferer (24, 26) in the current set of predominant potential interferers (24, 26), and the data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted is only accepted by the intermediate node (14) if a respectively predetermined threshold value for the further worst-case transmission time (28) of each interferer (24, 26) is not exceeded.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decision to transmit is made at the intermediate node (14) as a function of a predetermined time.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that. 202311900 Foreign Version 39 the decision to transmit is made depending on a priority class and / or transmission sequence and / or predetermined transmission times for the potentially transmitted data stream (20) specified in the data stream information (18).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transmission time restriction, which is in particular part of the data stream information (18), is fixed, known, but unrestricted.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an upper limit for a waiting time is determined at the intermediate node (14) depending on data streams (20) already received and still to be transmitted. 9.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a worst-case scenario is assumed for the data stream (20) to be transmitted and / or for the prevailing potential interferers (24, 26) in order to determine the worst-case transmission time (28).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transmission process of the intermediate node (14) of potential interferers (24, 26) of the data stream (20) to be potentially transmitted at the intermediate node (14) is taken into account when determining the maximum transmission time (28).

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the network (10) is provided with at least two intermediate nodes (14) and the maximum transmission time (28) is determined as a function of respective maximum delays caused by interferers (22) of the at least two intermediate nodes (14). 202311900 Foreign version 40 12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one intermediate node (14) and the end node are provided in a time-unsynchronized manner.

13. Computer program product with program code means which cause an electronic computing device (12) to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 12 when the program code means are processed by the electronic computing device (12).

14. Computer-readable storage medium with at least one computer program product according to claim 13.

15. Electronic computing device (12) for a network (10), wherein the electronic computing device (12) is designed to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.

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