Method and apparatus for automatic parameter configuration, and chip and communication system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of communications. Disclosed are a method and apparatus for automatic parameter configuration, and a chip and a communication system. The method comprises: in the process of automatic parameter configuration, a first device in a communication system receiving a control frame sent by a second device, wherein the control frame comprises first LT information and first extension information; and the first device executing the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extension information, wherein the first LT information is used for implementing a first function of link training, the first extension information comprises at least one piece of AN information, second LT information and LT control information, the AN information comprises a parameter for auto-negotiation between the first device and the second device, the second LT information is used for implementing a second function of the link training, and the LT control information is used for controlling the link training. The present application makes the process of automatic parameter configuration highly extensible, thereby facilitating improvements in the accuracy of automatically configured parameters and the efficiency of automatic configuration.

Description

Method, device, chip and communication system for automatic parameter configuration

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202410029117.6 filed on January 4, 2024, entitled “Method, device, chip and communication system for automatic parameter configuration”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method, device, chip and communication system for automatic parameter configuration. Background Art

[0003] In the field of communication technology, different devices included in a communication system are connected via at least one of an optical channel or an electrical channel. Parameters need to be automatically configured between the different devices so that a communication link can be established based on the automatically configured parameters.

[0004] In related technologies, link training (LT) frames are exchanged between different devices over channels. The LT frames contain LT information used to implement the basic function of link training. Link training involves training control parameters between different devices, thereby enabling automatic configuration of basic control parameters between different devices.

[0005] However, this related technology can only automatically configure basic control parameters, and the scalability of the parameter automatic configuration process is not strong. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a method, device, chip, and communication system for automatic parameter configuration to improve the problem of low scalability of the automatic parameter configuration process. The technical solution provided by the present application includes the following aspects.

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for automatic parameter configuration is provided, the method being applied to a first device included in a communication system, the communication system also including a second device. In this method, the first device receives a control frame sent by the second device, the control frame including first LT information and first extended information, and the first device performs the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement the first function of link training, which refers to training the control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of auto-negotiation (AN) information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters used for auto-negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement the second function of link training, and the LT control information is used to control link training.

[0008] The present application provides a control frame that can carry not only first LT information but also first extended information, thus exhibiting strong scalability. Based on this control frame, a first device can both execute the function of the first LT information to obtain link control parameters through first functional training of link training, and execute the function of the first extended information, thereby achieving functional expansion based on the function of the first LT information. This functional expansion can make the automatically configured parameters richer and more accurate, more flexible, and more comprehensive, and is suitable for complex scenarios with high requirements for parameter accuracy and automatic configuration efficiency, such as complex scenarios with a large number of devices and a variety of device types in a communication system.

[0009] In the case where the first extended information includes AN information, the present application can at least complete the LT process through the first LT information in the control frame to train and obtain control parameters, and can also complete the AN process through the AN information in the control frame to automatically negotiate (also called self-negotiation) to obtain parameters, thereby realizing the integration of the LT process and the AN process. Moreover, there is no need to limit the order of the LT process and the AN process, and supports flexible and elastic combination and nesting of the LT process and the AN process, such as alternating the LT process and the AN process, inserting one or more AN processes into two LT processes, inserting one or more LT processes into two AN processes, and so on. If the LT process is executed before the AN process, the control parameters obtained by training in the LT process can be referred to during the automatic negotiation in the AN process. If the AN process is executed before the LT process, the parameters obtained by automatic negotiation in the AN process can be referred to during the training in the LT process. As a result, it is not only beneficial to improve the efficiency of the AN process and the LT process, but also ensures the accuracy of the parameters configured through the AN process and the LT process, thereby improving the effectiveness and compatibility of the automatically configured parameters, and has strong applicability.

[0010] In the case where the first extended information does not include AN information, the present application can at least complete the LT process to train and obtain control parameters using the first LT information in the control frame. Furthermore, if the first extended information includes second LT information, more control parameters can be obtained through training using the second LT information. If the first extended information includes LT control information, link training can be controlled using the LT control information to obtain more accurate control parameters.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, in which the first LT information is located in the control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) field of the improved LT frame. This application improves upon the standard LT frame by fully utilizing the PRBS field in the standard LT frame, enabling the PRBS field to carry the first extended information, resulting in an improved LT frame. Furthermore, the improved LT frame can reuse the LT state machine defined by relevant protocols, resulting in a wide range of applications and low implementation cost.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and the next frame of the improved LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame. This application further improves the standard LT frame, enabling adjacent LT frames to be combined, each carrying the first LT information and the first extended information, thereby enhancing scalability. In this implementation, both the improved LT frame and the next frame of the improved LT frame can reuse the LT state machine defined by the relevant protocol, thus broadening its applicability and reducing implementation costs.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the Improved LT frame includes a first identifier that indicates that the next frame after the Improved LT frame includes the first extended information. In this implementation, the first identifier in the Improved LT frame can be used to determine that the first extended information is carried in the next frame after the Improved LT frame. This facilitates rapid location of the first extended information and enables accurate distinction between the Improved LT frame carrying the first LT information and the next frame carrying the first extended information.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0015] This application improves the standard AN frame by fully utilizing the next page of the standard AN frame, enabling the next page to carry the first extended information, resulting in an improved AN frame. The next page is highly scalable and supports flexible encoding methods, facilitating the carrying of appropriate first extended information based on actual needs. Furthermore, the improved AN frame reuses the AN state machine defined by relevant protocols, offering wide applicability and low implementation cost.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier that indicates the presence of a next page of the improved AN frame. The second identifier in the base page of the improved AN frame can be used to determine the presence of the next page, thereby obtaining the first extended information carried by the next page, thereby facilitating rapid location of the first extended information.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the control frame also includes second extended information, which is different from the first extended information. For example, the second extended information and the first extended information are located in the same field segment of the control frame, with the second extended information located before or after the first extended information. Alternatively, the second extended information and the first extended information are located in different fields of the control frame. The second extended information supports customization and can be set according to actual needs, thereby facilitating automatic configuration of required parameters based on the second extended information. This further improves the scalability of the control frame and the scalability of the automatic parameter configuration process, making it more flexible and applicable to a wider range of applications.

[0018] In one possible implementation, after the first device receives a control frame sent by the second device, the method further includes: the first device fills the control frame with the reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame; and the first device sends the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system, where the updated control frame is used by the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame. Thus, after receiving the updated control frame, the third device can obtain both the information of the second device (such as the first LT information and the first extension information included in the control frame) and the reference information of the first device. The third device obtains more information, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of automatic parameter configuration on the third device and the accuracy of the configured parameters. Of course, the first device can also not perform padding, but instead parse the control frame, obtain the information of the second device, and perform parameter automatic configuration, and then send the control frame to the third device. This method has lower requirements on the capabilities of the first device because it allows the first device to not have padding capabilities or have but not use padding capabilities. As a result, the parsing and padding of the control frame by different devices in the communication system are independent and hierarchical, with universality and ease of use. Even if there are devices with different capabilities in the communication system, the parameter automatic configuration method provided by this application can be implemented.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields within the updated control frame. In another possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field within the updated control frame, with the reference information located after the first LT information and the first extended information, or before the first LT information and the first extended information. This application supports carrying reference information in a variety of locations within the control frame, providing greater flexibility.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the reference information of the first device includes information about the transmission channel of the first device. A transmission channel is a lane, and one first device may correspond to one or more lanes. By including the lane information of the first device in the reference information of the first device, the information carried by the control frame is made more granular, enabling automatic parameter configuration in lane units, thereby improving accuracy and flexibility.

[0021] In one possible implementation, multiple first channels are provided between the first device and the second device, and the first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the functions of the first extended information, including: the first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the functions of the first extended information in parallel for the multiple first channels. This avoids strong coupling between the processes executing different functions, eliminates the need to control the order in which the multiple first channels execute the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information, and reduces overhead. Even if errors occur in some of the multiple first channels during execution, the impact on other first channels is avoided, ensuring a high degree of spatial and temporal freedom and flexibility in the automatic parameter configuration process.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the first device includes at least one of a linear-drive pluggable optics (LPO) optical module, a half-retimed module, a co-package optics (CPO) module, a near-package optics (NPO) module, an active electrical cables (AEC) module, an active copper cables (ACC) module, or a passive direct attach cables (DAC) module. The first device can be an active device or a passive device configured according to actual needs and has strong applicability.

[0023] In one possible implementation, an LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) equipped with a digital / analog signal processing chip, and the method is applied to the MCU. Thus, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module can implement the method provided by this application in-band, such as parsing control frames and automatically configuring parameters, or filling control frames, without relying on an out-of-band interface. This improves the efficiency of automatic parameter configuration and is more flexible.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the first device further includes a retimer. The first device may be of various types, and this application supports cascading of the first devices according to actual needs, and has strong universality.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the first function includes a basic function, and the second function includes other functions in addition to the first function. Thus, function expansion in the parameter automatic configuration process is achieved, and scalability is improved.

[0026] In a second aspect, a method for automatic parameter configuration is provided. The method is applied to a second device included in a communication system, which also includes a first device. In this method, the second device generates a control frame and sends the control frame to the first device. The control frame includes first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement the first function of link training. Link training refers to training the control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement the second function of link training. The LT control information is used to control link training. Thus, automatic parameter configuration can be achieved between the second device and the first device. This automatic parameter configuration has strong scalability, and the automatically configured parameters are richer, more accurate, more flexible, and more comprehensive.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the second device generates a control frame by: the second device filling a register with the first LT information and the first extended information; and the second device reading the register and generating the control frame based on the read content. Filling the register enables the second device to generate the control frame via an out-of-band interface, which reduces the capability requirements of the second device and provides greater flexibility.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0033] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0034] In a possible implementation, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the first function includes a basic function, and the second function includes other functions except the first function.

[0038] In a third aspect, a device for automatic parameter configuration is provided. The device is applied to a first device included in a communication system, and the communication system also includes a second device. The device includes:

[0039] a receiving module, configured to receive a control frame sent by the second device, the control frame including first LT information and first extended information, the first LT information being used to implement a first function of link training, where link training refers to training control parameters of a link between the first device and the second device, the first extended information including at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information, the AN information including parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device, the second LT information being used to implement a second function of link training, and the LT control information being used to control link training;

[0040] The execution module is configured to execute the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0046] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:

[0048] A filling module, configured to fill the control frame with reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame;

[0049] The sending module is used to send the updated control frame to the third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used for the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields in the updated control frame.

[0051] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field segment in the updated control frame, and the reference information is located before or after the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0052] In a possible implementation manner, the reference information of the first device includes information about a transmission channel of the first device.

[0053] In a possible implementation, a plurality of first channels are provided between the first device and the second device; and an execution module is configured to execute the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information in parallel for the plurality of first channels.

[0054] In a possible implementation, the first device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the device is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0056] In a possible implementation, the first device further includes a retimer.

[0057] In a fourth aspect, a device for automatic parameter configuration is provided. The device is applied to a second device included in a communication system, the communication system also including a first device, and the device includes:

[0058] a generation module, configured to generate a control frame, the control frame including first LT information and first extended information, the first LT information being used to implement a first function of link training, where link training refers to training control parameters of a link between a first device and a second device, the first extended information including at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information, the AN information including parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device, the second LT information being used to implement a second function of link training, and the LT control information being used to control link training;

[0059] The sending module is configured to send a control frame to the first device.

[0060] In a possible implementation, the generating module is configured to fill the first LT information and the first extended information into the register; read the register, and generate a control frame.

[0061] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0062] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0063] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0064] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0065] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0066] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0067] In a possible implementation, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0068] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the device is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0069] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0070] In a possible implementation, the first function includes a basic function, and the second function includes other functions except the first function.

[0071] In a fifth aspect, a method for automatic parameter configuration is provided. The method is applied to a communication system comprising a first device and a second device, wherein the first device is located on a local device and the second device is located on a remote device. In the method, the first device receives a control frame sent by the second device, the control frame comprising first LT information and first extended information, wherein the first LT information is used to implement a link training function, and the first extended information is used to implement a function between the local device and the remote device; the first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0072] The present application provides a control frame that can carry not only first LT information but also first extended information, thus having strong scalability. Based on this control frame, a first device can both perform the function of the first LT information to obtain link control parameters through first functional training of link training, and perform the function of the first extended information (playing an auxiliary role, such as improving energy efficiency). Thus, based on the function of the first LT information, functional expansion between the local device and the remote device is achieved. This functional expansion can make the parameters automatically configured between different devices richer and more accurate, more flexible, and more comprehensive. It is suitable for complex scenarios with high requirements for parameter accuracy and automatic configuration efficiency, such as complex scenarios with a large number of devices and a variety of device types in a communication system.

[0073] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0074] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0075] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0076] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0077] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0078] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0079] After the first device receives the control frame sent by the second device, the method also includes: the first device fills the control frame with reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame; the first device sends the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used by the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame.

[0080] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields in the updated control frame.

[0081] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field segment in the updated control frame, and the reference information is located before or after the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0082] In a possible implementation manner, the reference information of the first device includes information about a transmission channel of the first device.

[0083] In one possible implementation, a plurality of first channels are provided between the first device and the second device, and the first device executes the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information, including: the first device executes the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information in parallel for the plurality of first channels.

[0084] In a possible implementation, the first device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0085] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0086] In a possible implementation, the first device further includes a retimer.

[0087] In a sixth aspect, a method for automatic parameter configuration is provided, which is applied to a second device included in a communication system, and the communication system also includes a first device, the second device is located in a local device, and the first device is located in an opposite device, the method including: the second device generates a control frame, the control frame includes a first LT information and a first extended information, the first LT information is used to implement the function of link training, and the first extended information is used to implement the function between the local device and the opposite device; the second device sends a control frame to the first device.

[0088] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0089] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0090] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0091] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0092] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0093] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0094] In a possible implementation, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0095] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0096] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0097] In a seventh aspect, a device for automatic parameter configuration is provided. The device is applied to a first device included in a communication system, which also includes a second device. The first device is located on a local device, and the second device is located on a remote device. The device includes a receiving module and an execution module. The receiving module is configured to execute the receiving step of the method provided in the fifth aspect and corresponding possible implementations. The execution module is configured to execute the steps of the method provided in the fifth aspect and corresponding possible implementations, except for the receiving step.

[0098] For example, the receiving module is used to receive a control frame sent by the second device, the control frame includes a first LT information and a first extended information, the first LT information is used to implement the link training function, and the first extended information is used to implement the function between the local device and the opposite device; the execution module is used to execute the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information.

[0099] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0100] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0101] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0102] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0103] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0104] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the device also includes: a filling module, used to fill the reference information of the first device into the control frame to obtain an updated control frame; a sending module, used to send the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used by the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame.

[0106] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields in the updated control frame.

[0107] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field segment in the updated control frame, and the reference information is located before or after the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0108] In a possible implementation manner, the reference information of the first device includes information about a transmission channel of the first device.

[0109] In a possible implementation, the execution module is configured to execute the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information in parallel for multiple segments of the first channel.

[0110] In a possible implementation, the first device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0111] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the device is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0112] In a possible implementation, the first device further includes a retimer.

[0113] In an eighth aspect, a device for automatic parameter configuration is provided. The device is applied to a second device included in a communication system, which also includes a first device. The second device is located on a local device, and the first device is located on a remote device. The device includes a generation module and a sending module. The generation module is configured to perform the steps, except for sending, of the method provided in the sixth aspect and corresponding possible implementations. The sending module is configured to perform the sending steps of the method provided in the sixth aspect and corresponding possible implementations.

[0114] For example, the generation module is used to generate a control frame, the control frame includes a first LT information and a first extended information, the first LT information is used to implement the link training function, and the first extended information is used to implement the function between the local device and the opposite device;

[0115] The sending module is configured to send a control frame to the first device.

[0116] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0117] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0118] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0119] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0120] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0121] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0122] In a possible implementation, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0123] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the device is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0124] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0125] In a ninth aspect, a control frame is provided, which includes first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement the first function of link training. Link training refers to training the control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device in the communication system. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement the second function of link training. The LT control information is used to control the link training.

[0126] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0127] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0128] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0129] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0130] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0131] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0132] In the tenth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and a receiver, the receiver is used to receive control frames, and the processor is used to process control frames, so that the communication device can implement the method for automatic parameter configuration provided by the first aspect, the fifth aspect and the corresponding possible implementation methods.

[0133] In the eleventh aspect, another communication device is provided, which includes a processor and a transmitter, the processor is used to generate a control frame, and the transmitter is used to send the control frame, so that the communication device can implement the method for automatic parameter configuration provided in the second aspect, the sixth aspect and the corresponding possible implementation methods.

[0134] In the twelfth aspect, a chip is provided, which includes an interface circuit and a control circuit, the interface circuit is used to send and receive data, and the control circuit is used to process the data so that a device equipped with the chip can implement the method for automatic parameter configuration provided by the first aspect, the second aspect, the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect and the corresponding possible implementation methods.

[0135] In the thirteenth aspect, a communication system is provided, which includes a first device and a second device, the first device is used to implement the method for automatic parameter configuration provided by the first aspect, the fifth aspect and corresponding possible implementation methods, and the second device is used to implement the method for automatic parameter configuration provided by the second aspect, the sixth aspect and corresponding possible implementation methods.

[0136] It should be understood that the technical effects achieved by the technical solutions provided in the second to thirteenth aspects of this application and the corresponding possible implementation methods can be referred to the above description of the technical effects achieved by the technical solutions provided in the first aspect and the corresponding possible implementation methods, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0137] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0138] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0139] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0140] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a standard LT frame provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0141] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a standard AN frame provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0142] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a basic page provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0143] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a half retimed module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0144] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of another half retimed module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0145] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of an LPO optical module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0146] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of another LPO optical module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0147] FIG11 is a flow chart of a method for automatic parameter configuration provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0148] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0149] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of intra-frame embedding provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0150] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of inter-frame embedding provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0151] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of parsing and filling a control frame provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0152] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a process for automatic parameter configuration according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0153] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a process for automatically configuring parameters of a multi-segment first channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0154] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of another process of automatic parameter configuration provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0155] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of another process for automatically configuring parameters of a multi-segment first channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0156] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of a process for automatically configuring parameters of a multi-segment first channel according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0157] FIG21 is a flowchart of another method for automatic parameter configuration provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0158] FIG22 is a flowchart of another method for automatic parameter configuration provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0159] FIG23 is a flowchart of another method for automatic parameter configuration provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0160] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for automatic parameter configuration provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0161] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another apparatus for automatic parameter configuration provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0162] FIG26 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another apparatus for automatic parameter configuration provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0163] FIG27 is a schematic structural diagram of another device for automatic parameter configuration provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0164] The terms used in the implementation section of this application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0165] In a communication system, different devices are connected via channels, which can be either optical or electrical. Parameters between these devices need to be automatically configured to establish a communication link between them, allowing them to communicate over this link.

[0166] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication system comprising at least two devices, wherein adjacent devices in the at least two devices are connected via an optical channel or an electrical channel. When a communication system includes an electrical channel but not an optical channel, the communication system may also be referred to as an electrical interconnection system. When a communication system includes both electrical and optical channels, the communication system may also be referred to as an optoelectronic interconnection system. The devices in the communication system provided in the embodiment of the present application include, but are not limited to, the following.

[0167] The first type of device, the host chip, is also known as the main chip within a device. It connects to other devices via electrical channels. For example, host chips include, but are not limited to, switch chips and physical layer (PHY) chips. PHY chips, for example, are application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips.

[0168] The second type of device, electrical interconnects, connects to other devices via electrical channels. For example, these include direct attach cables (DACs), which include, but are not limited to, active electrical cables (AEC) modules, active copper cables (ACC) modules, and passive direct attach cable DAC modules.

[0169] The third type of device, the optoelectronic interconnect device, is used for photoelectric conversion and is connected to other devices through optical channels, or connected to other devices through optical channels and electrical channels.

[0170] In some embodiments, the optoelectronic interconnect device includes an optical module. Exemplarily, the optical module includes but is not limited to an optical digital signal processor (oDSP) optical module, a linear-drive pluggable optics (LPO) optical module, and a half-retimed module, wherein the half-retimed module refers to a retimed transmitter linear receiver.

[0171] In other embodiments, the optoelectronic interconnect device includes a co-package optics (CPO) module, a near-package optics (NPO) module, etc. A CPO module can be obtained by co-assembling an optical engine (OE) with a host chip, for example, on a substrate, thereby forming a co-package of the OE and the host chip. An NPO module can be obtained by separately assembling the OE and the host chip on the same printed circuit board (PCB), thereby forming a near-package of the OE and the host chip.

[0172] In some further embodiments, the optoelectronic interconnection device includes active optical cables (AOC), which are obtained by integrating an optical module and an optical fiber.

[0173] The fourth type of device, in addition to the above three types of devices, plays a role of relay, driver, etc. For example, the fourth type of device includes but is not limited to a retimer, which is not limited in the present embodiment, and the fourth type of device can be flexibly set according to actual needs.

[0174] In a communication system, the components described above may be located in different devices, such as switches, network interface cards (NICs), and the like. For ease of understanding, the present application provides the following exemplary embodiments of the communication system, taking a communication system comprising a local device and a remote device as an example.

[0175] In the first communication system, as shown in Figure 1, a local device includes a host chip 1 and an LPO optical module 1 connected via a telecommunications channel. A remote device includes a host chip 2 and an LPO optical module 2 connected via a telecommunications channel. LPO optical modules 1 and 2 are connected via an optical channel (e.g., optical fiber). Host chips 1 and 2 can be switch chips, PHY chips, etc.

[0176] In the second communication system, as shown in Figure 2, the local device includes a host chip 1 and an oDSP optical module connected via a telecommunications channel. The remote device includes a host chip 2 and an LPO optical module connected via a telecommunications channel. The oDSP optical module and the LPO optical module are connected via an optical channel. This situation is also called mixed insertion of oDSP optical modules and LPO optical modules.

[0177] The oDSP optical module includes an oDSP, wherein the first side of the oDSP is used to connect to a host chip, and the first side can be referred to as the host side; the second side of the oDSP is used to connect to a transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) and / or a receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA), and the second side can be referred to as the media side. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the devices included in the host side and the media side. The first side is used to communicate with the host chip via an electrical channel. For example, the serializer / deserializer (SerDes) located on the first side of the oDSP communicates with the SerDes (SerDes not shown in FIG. 2 ) located on the host chip via an electrical channel. The second side is used to communicate with the TOSA / ROSA via an electrical channel. In one implementation, the TOSA / ROSA is located in the oDSP optical module. The TOSA / ROSA communicates with the LPO optical module at the opposite end via an optical channel. Compared with oDSP optical modules, LPO optical modules do not have oDSP. Therefore, HostChip is required for optical and electrical channel compensation.

[0178] The third communication system, as shown in Figure 3, is a local device that includes a host chip 1, a retimer, and an LPO optical module connected in sequence through a telecommunications channel. The remote device includes a CPO module, which includes an OE and a host chip 2. The LPO optical module and the CPO module are connected through an optical channel. This situation is also called a mixed insertion of LPO optical modules and CPO modules.

[0179] Of course, the communication systems shown in Figures 1 to 3 are merely examples and are not intended to limit the communication systems of the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in a communication system, the terms "local device" and "opposite device" are relative. A communication device in the communication system refers to itself as the local device and to other communication devices with which a communication link needs to be established as the opposite devices. For example, the "local device" and "opposite device" mentioned above can also be understood as the first communication device and the second communication device.

[0180] As mentioned above, automatic configuration of parameters is required between different devices in a communication system. Two related technologies for automatic configuration of parameters are introduced here, namely, related technology 1 and related technology 2.

[0181] In related art 1, control parameters are obtained through link training (LT) to achieve automatic parameter configuration. For a device included in a communication system, the device includes at least one interface, each interface includes at least one unit, and links between different devices are used to connect the interfaces on the device. The control parameters refer to the control parameters of the links.

[0182] For example, the unit in the interface includes a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The FIR filter may be located in a transmitter (TX) included in the interface. Parameters of the FIR filter include FIR coefficients, which are control parameters of a link.

[0183] For another example, the control parameters of the units in the interface include preset parameters, and the training of the preset parameters can affect the performance parameters, including but not limited to the extinction ratio (ER) or the optical modulation amplitude (OMA).

[0184] Taking the training of control parameters for the link between device A and device B as an example, during the LT process in the transmission direction from device A to device B, device A sends a standard LT frame to device B via its TX port. The standard LT frame carries LT information and test information. Device B receives the standard LT frame via its receiver (RX) and uses the test information in the standard LT frame to determine signal quality. For example, signal quality can be measured using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error probability (BER), or eye diagram. Device B then trains the parameters used by the units included in device A's interface based on the signal quality and LT information, thereby improving signal quality. For example, device B implements this LT process through its LT state machine. Since full-duplex mode is used between devices A and B, the LT process also occurs in the transmission direction from device B to device A, but this is not detailed here.

[0185] Taking the frame structure of the standard LT frame shown in Figure 4 as an example, as shown in Figure 4, the standard LT frame includes a frame marker, a differential Manchester encoding (DME) field, and a pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) field. Among them, the frame marker is also called the LT frame header. The DME field is used to carry LT information. The DME field is also called the control status field (including the control field and the status field). The control field and the status field each include 16 cells, each cell is 1 byte long. The PRBS field is used to carry test information. The PRBS field is also called the training pattern and zero pad field.

[0186] In the second related technology, transmission parameters are negotiated through an auto-negotiation (AN) process to achieve automatic configuration of parameters. Transmission parameters include but are not limited to rate parameters and forward error correction (FEC) capability parameters. The rate parameter is, for example, 10G BASE-KR, where 10G BASE means based on 10 gigabits per second (Gbps) and KR means backplane. The FEC capability parameter is, for example, 25G RS-FEC, where 25G means 25Gbps and RS means Reed-Solomon.

[0187] Taking the automatic negotiation of parameters between device A and device B as an example, during the AN process in the transmission direction from device A to device B, device A sends a standard AN frame to device B. The standard AN frame carries the transmission parameters supported by device A (i.e., the parameters used for automatic negotiation, i.e., AN information). Device B can determine the transmission parameters supported by device A through the standard AN frame, and in combination with the transmission parameters supported by device B, negotiate to obtain the transmission parameters supported by both devices A and B. In the subsequent communication process, the transmission parameters supported by both devices A and B (i.e., the transmission parameters obtained through automatic negotiation) are used. For example, device B implements the AN process through the AN state machine in device B. Full-duplex mode is used between device A and device B, and the AN process is also executed in the transmission direction from device B to device A, which will not be described in detail here.

[0188] Taking the frame structure of the standard AN frame shown in Figure 5 as an example, referring to Figure 5, the frame structure of the standard AN frame includes a delimiter, a DME page, and pseudo random data. The delimiter is also called the AN frame header or the Manchester violation delimiter. The DME Page is used to carry AN information. The DME Page includes at least a base page and optionally a next page. The NextPage includes a message type and an unformatted type. The structure of the BasePage can be seen in Figure 6. D0 to D47 are 48 valid data (i.e., AN information). The length of each valid data is 2 bits. D15 is the NP field. The NP field is used to indicate whether there is a NextPage after the BasePage.

[0189] In related technology 1, only a single LT process is involved, the automatically configured parameters are relatively simple, and the scalability is not strong. In addition, the standard LT frame can only carry LT information through the control state field. Since the length of the control state field is limited and fixed, the LT information that can be carried is limited, and the scalability is poor. In addition, when there are multiple devices in the communication system, the LT processes between multiple devices are serial. The serial control of the LT process requires a large overhead, and if a certain LT process fails, it needs to be restarted from the first LT process, which has low fault tolerance and low efficiency.

[0190] Related technology 2 involves only a single AN process, with relatively simple automatic configuration parameters and limited scalability. When a communication system includes multiple devices, the AN processes between these devices are serialized, which requires significant overhead to control. Furthermore, if an AN process fails, it must be restarted from the first AN process, resulting in low fault tolerance and inefficiency.

[0191] As can be seen from this, both Related Technology 1 and Related Technology 2 have limited automatic configuration parameters and limited reference information, which affects the accuracy and efficiency of the automatic configuration parameters. This makes it difficult to adapt to complex scenarios such as hybrid plug-in scenarios (such as the second and third communication systems in the examples above) and backward compatibility with different fiber lengths, as these complex scenarios require high parameter accuracy and automatic configuration efficiency. Furthermore, in actual applications, the AN process is often executed first, followed by the LT process, which is not flexible enough.

[0192] An embodiment of the present application provides a method for automatic parameter configuration, which is applied to a first device in a communication system. The first device includes at least one device among all devices in the communication system.

[0193] Taking the first device as the third device mentioned above, that is, the optoelectronic interconnection device, as an example, several architectures of the first device are illustrated.

[0194] In the first architecture, the first device is an oDSP optical module. The oDSP optical module includes an internal microcontroller unit (MCU) and an oDSP. The oDSP optical module can implement the method provided in the embodiment of the present application through the MCU and the oDSP.

[0195] In the second architecture, the first device is a half retimed module.

[0196] In some embodiments, referring to FIG7 , a half retimed module supports including a lite digital signal processor (DSP), an analog signal processor (ASP), or a clock and data recovery (CDR) function in either transmission direction. The half retimed module includes, but is not limited to, a lite DSP / ASP / CDR, an MCU, a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE), a driver (DRV), a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA), a laser, a modulator, a photodetector (PD), a multiplexer (MUX), and a demultiplexer (DEMUX). The half retimed module can implement the method provided in the embodiments of the present application through the lite DSP / ASP / CDR.

[0197] In other embodiments, referring to FIG8 , a half-retimed module supports a CDR configured with a DME transceiver and a MUX / DEMUX in either transmission direction. The half-retimed module includes, but is not limited to, a CDR (configured with a DME transceiver and MUX / DEMUX), an MCU, a CTLE, a DRV, a TIA, a laser, a modulator, a PD, a MUX, and a DEMUX. The half-retimed module can implement the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application using the CDR (configured with a DME transceiver and MUX / DEMUX).

[0198] In a third architecture, the first device is an LPO optical module. The LPO optical module can be a standard architecture as shown in Figure 9. The standard architecture LPO optical module includes but is not limited to an MCU, a CTLE, a DRV, a TIA, a laser, a modulator, a PD, a MUX, and a DEMUX. The standard architecture LPO optical module is connected to a control system via a common management interface specification (CMIS) interface, and the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is implemented according to the control of the control system.

[0199] The CMIS interface is an out-of-band interface, which means it is not on-band. In addition to the CMIS interface, embodiments of the present application may also use interfaces such as Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe), Management Data Input / Output (MDIO), or Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC, I2C), which are not limited here.

[0200] In some embodiments, the control system includes an off-chip processor (including but not limited to a central processing unit (CPU)) or a main control board, and is implemented using software, which is more flexible.

[0201] In other implementations, the control system includes devices in the HostChip, such as an MCU integrated in the HostChip, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0202] In an exemplary embodiment, when a control system is connected using a CMIS interface, a register is used to implement the method provided in the embodiment of the present application. The register is used to store the content of the control frame provided in the embodiment of the present application (the content of the control frame will be described in detail in the method embodiment below). The first device implements the method provided in the embodiment of the present application through the control system, which means that the control system performs at least one of reading or writing operations on the register to implement the method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0203] In a fourth architecture, the first device is an LPO optical module, and the LPO optical module can be an improved architecture as shown in FIG10. This improved architecture adds firmware (firmware), such as a digital / analog signal processing function chip, as a co-processor of the MCU on the basis of the standard architecture shown in FIG9, forming an MCU equipped with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, thereby implementing the method provided in the embodiment of the present application through the MCU equipped with the digital / analog signal processing function chip, reducing dependence on software. For example, the digital / analog signal processing function chip is the Lite CDR&DME Transceiver shown in FIG10.

[0204] Exemplarily, the digital / analog signal processing function chip can be integrated into the MCU, or it can be located in at least one of the CTLE or Laser and called by the MCU. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the deployment position of the digital / analog signal processing function chip in the LPO optical module.

[0205] For example, the fourth architecture is illustrated using an LPO optical module as the first device. If the first device is a CPO module or an NPO module, the CPO module or NPO module may also include an MCU equipped with a digital / analog signal processing chip, and the method provided in the embodiments of the present application is implemented by the MCU equipped with the digital / analog signal processing chip.

[0206] As shown in FIG11 , the method for automatic parameter configuration provided in an embodiment of the present application includes the following steps 1101 and 1102 .

[0207] In step 1101, a first device receives a control frame sent by a second device. The control frame includes first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement a first function of link training. Link training refers to training control parameters of a link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement a second function of link training. The LT control information is used to control link training.

[0208] The second device is any one of all the devices included in the communication system except the first device, and the first device and the second device are connected through at least one of an electrical channel and an optical channel. Taking the optical channel as an example, the optical channel includes but is not limited to optical fibers, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of optical fibers between the first device and the second device. In addition, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of devices included between the first device and the second device. The first device and the second device may not include any device, may include one device, or may include multiple cascaded devices, and the multiple cascaded devices may also be connected through at least one of an electrical channel and an optical channel.

[0209] Taking the communication system shown in FIG12 as an example, the first device and the second device include but are not limited to the following combinations.

[0210] In the first combination, both the first device and the second device are optical modules, and the first device and the second device are located in different devices. There is an optical channel between the first device and the second device, which is recorded as channel 0 (shown as CHAN-0 in FIG12 ).

[0211] In the second combination, one of the first device and the second device is an optical module, the other of the first device and the second device is a host chip, and the first device and the second device are located in the same device. There is an electrical channel between the first device and the second device, which is recorded as channel 1 (shown as CHAN-1 in Figure 12).

[0212] In the third combination, one of the first device and the second device is an optical module, the other of the first device and the second device is a host chip, and the first device and the second device are located in different devices. An optical channel and an electrical channel exist between the first device and the second device, which is recorded as channel 2 (shown as CHAN-2 in Figure 12). Channel 2 is also called a hybrid channel.

[0213] In the fourth combination, the first device and the second device are both host chips, and the first device and the second device are located in different devices. There is an optical channel and an electrical channel between the first device and the second device, which is recorded as channel 3 (shown as CHAN-3 in Figure 12). Channel 3 is also called the full channel.

[0214] For example, after receiving a control frame sent by the second device, the first device can parse the control frame in-band, or write the contents of the control frame to a register, from which the control system can read the contents of the control frame from the register via an out-of-band CMIS interface, and parse the control frame. In this embodiment of the present application, the contents of the control frame include, but are not limited to, first LT information and first extended information. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information.

[0215] The first LT information is used to implement the first function of link training, which refers to training control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device. The first function is to obtain control parameters through training, and the first function includes basic functions. After the first function of link training is implemented based on the first LT information, the control parameters obtained through training are basic parameters, or traditional parameters. Traditional parameters include but are not limited to the FIR coefficients described in the first related technology and preset parameters used to influence ER / OMA.

[0216] The AN information in the first extended information includes parameters used for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. For example, the AN information may include the information exemplified in the above related technology 2, and may also include other parameters used for automatic negotiation.

[0217] The LT control information in the first extended information is used to control link training, for example, to determine information ideally allowed for training in a link training (i.e., LT) process. For example, the information is used to determine an initial value of information ideally allowed for training in the LT process.

[0218] Ideally, the information that can be trained in the LT process includes at least one of the following: TX / RX equalization coefficients, pre-emphasis, drive voltage swing (e.g., the drive voltage swing of the driver), differential swing, common-mode voltage, drive current (e.g., the drive current of the laser), impedance, frequency deviation, jitter, automatic gain control (AGC) coefficients, CTLE coefficients, DSP coefficients, ASP coefficients, decision feedback equalizer (DFE) coefficients, float forward equalizer (FFE) coefficients, non-linear effect equalizer (NLE) coefficients, bandwidth, polarization, optical wavelength, linewidth spectrum, transmission channel swap coefficients of the telecommunication channels, differential pair polarity inversion of the telecommunication channels, device and telecommunication channel skew, codec mode (such as FEC interleaving, precoding, etc., which can affect the energy efficiency between different devices), power, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) effective number of bits. bits, ENOB), DME codec baud rate (which can affect the oversampling mechanism, such as the initial high BER state), digital pre-distortion (DPD) coefficient, thermoelectric cooler (TEC) coefficient, device total harmonic distortion (THD), device I / Q mismatch, device baseline drift, device temperature drift, electrical channel insertion loss, electrical channel return loss, electrical channel crosstalk, optical channel attenuation, optical channel return loss, optical channel dispersion, optical channel nonlinearity, optical channel group delay, bias (such as modulator bias), etc.

[0219] Accordingly, the LT control information may include information used to determine the above information. Exemplarily, the LT control information includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: an editable test pattern for optical / electrical channel estimation (e.g., for estimating return loss of the electrical channel or attenuation of the optical channel), timestamp information for optical channel group delay estimation, and pilot information for frequency offset and jitter estimation. Examples are omitted here.

[0220] Exemplarily, the LT control information may further include other information, such as verification information for frame verification and retransmission control, etc., which may be set according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0221] The second LT information in the first extended information is used to implement the second function of link training. The second function is the function of obtaining control parameters through training. In the embodiment of the present application, the second function is different from the first function, or in other words, the second function includes other functions in addition to the first function. The control parameters (referred to as second control parameters) obtained after the second function of link training is implemented based on the second LT information are different from the control parameters (referred to as first control parameters) obtained after the first function of link training is implemented based on the first LT information. The second control parameters are different from the first control parameters, including but not limited to the following situations.

[0222] In the first case, the second control parameter and the first control parameter are basic parameters of different types for the same object.

[0223] According to the description of the related art 1 above, a device in a communication system includes at least one interface, for example, at least one interface is a binding interface. The same object here may refer to the same interface, and different objects below may refer to different interfaces.

[0224] For example, the traditional parameters include traditional parameters 1 to traditional parameters 6. After the first function of link training is realized through the first LT information, the control parameters obtained are traditional parameters 1 to traditional parameters 3 of interface 1, and after the second function of link training is realized through the second LT information, the control parameters obtained are traditional parameters 4 to traditional parameters 6 of interface 1.

[0225] In the second case, the second control parameter and the first control parameter are basic parameters of the same type and are targeted at different objects.

[0226] For example, the traditional parameters include traditional parameters 1 to traditional parameters 6. After the first function of link training is realized through the first LT information, the control parameters obtained are traditional parameters 1 to traditional parameters 3 of interface 1, and after the second function of link training is realized through the second LT information, the control parameters obtained are traditional parameters 1 to traditional parameters 3 of interface 2.

[0227] In the third case, the second control parameter and the first control parameter are basic parameters of different types for different objects.

[0228] For example, the traditional parameters include traditional parameters 1 to traditional parameters 6. After the first function of link training is realized through the first LT information, the control parameters obtained are traditional parameters 1 to traditional parameters 3 of interface 1, and after the second function of link training is realized through the second LT information, the control parameters obtained are traditional parameters 4 to traditional parameters 6 of interface 2.

[0229] In the fourth case, the second control parameter is an extended parameter, or a non-traditional parameter, and the first control parameter is a basic parameter.

[0230] In an exemplary embodiment, the extended parameters include but are not limited to the following types.

[0231] The first type is the adjustable range corresponding to the information ideally allowed for training in the Link Training (LT) process. This range is used to determine the information actually allowed for training in the LT process from the information ideally allowed for training in the LT process. For example, the adjustable range corresponding to pre-emphasis, the adjustable range corresponding to differential swing, and so on.

[0232] If the adjustable range corresponding to a piece of information is less than the reference threshold, the information is determined to be information that cannot be trained in the LT process under actual circumstances. If the conditional range corresponding to a piece of information is greater than or equal to the reference threshold, the information is determined to be information that can be trained in the LT process under actual circumstances. The adjustable range corresponding to a piece of information includes an upper limit and a lower limit. The adjustable range corresponding to a piece of information is less than the reference threshold when the difference between the upper and lower limits is less than the reference threshold.

[0233] Of course, for a type of information, determining whether the information is actually capable of being trained in the LT process through the adjustable range corresponding to the information is merely an example. The embodiment of the present application may also determine whether the information is actually capable of being trained in the LT process through other features of the information according to actual needs.

[0234] The second type is information that can be trained in the LT process in actual situations, for example, the value of information that can be trained in the LT process in actual situations.

[0235] For example, the extended parameters include but are not limited to at least one of the following: compensation amount of TX / RX equalization coefficient, compensation amount of pre-emphasis, compensation amount of driving voltage swing, compensation amount of differential swing, compensation amount of common mode voltage, compensation amount of driving current, compensation amount of impedance, compensation amount of frequency deviation, compensation amount of jitter, compensation amount of AGC coefficient, compensation amount of CTLE coefficient, compensation amount of DSP coefficient, compensation amount of ASP coefficient, compensation amount of DFE coefficient, compensation amount of Float FFE coefficient, compensation amount of NLE coefficient, compensation amount of bandwidth, compensation amount of polarization, compensation amount of optical wavelength, compensation amount of linewidth spectrum, compensation amount of lane swap coefficient, compensation amount of differential pair polarity inversion, compensation amount of skew, coding and decoding mode, compensation amount of power, ADC Compensation for ENOB, DME encoding and decoding baud rate, DPD, RLM, temperature drift, TEC, THD, I / Q mismatch, baseline drift, temperature drift, insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk, attenuation, return loss, dispersion, nonlinearity, group delay, offset, etc.

[0236] The third type is a designated training method selected from optional training methods. For example, a preset determined from a plurality of presets, an adjustable parameter training combination determined from a plurality of adjustable parameter training combinations, a parameter adjustment range determined from a plurality of parameter adjustment ranges, and a step size determined from a plurality of step sizes. The adjustable parameter training combination is used to indicate the type of parameter that needs to be adjusted for a device. For example, there are device 1, device 2, and parameter types 1-3 that need to be adjusted: pre-emphasis, differential swing, and common-mode voltage. One adjustable parameter training combination is that device 1 corresponds to parameter type 1 (pre-emphasis) and device 2 corresponds to parameter types 2-3 (differential swing and common-mode voltage). Another adjustable parameter training combination is that device 2 corresponds to parameters 1-2 (pre-emphasis and differential swing) and device 2 corresponds to parameter 3 (common-mode voltage). The parameter adjustment range may include a subset of the adjustable range corresponding to the above information.

[0237] For example, in the fourth case, the second control parameter and the first control parameter may be directed to the same object or to different objects, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0238] The above describes various information that a control frame may include. The information in a control frame includes but is not limited to the following combinations.

[0239] In the first combination, the first extended information is the AN information, and the control frame includes the first LT information and the AN information. The first LT information enables training of basic parameters, and the AN information enables automatic negotiation of transmission parameters. This integrates the LT and AN processes, making the automatic parameter configuration process more flexible. Training in the LT process can refer to the transmission parameters automatically negotiated in the AN process, and automatic negotiation in the AN process can also refer to the basic parameters trained in the LT process. This improves the accuracy and efficiency of the automatically configured parameters and is suitable for complex scenarios with high requirements for parameter accuracy and automatic configuration efficiency.

[0240] In the second combination, the first extended information is the second LT information, and the control frame includes both the first and second LT information. Basic parameters can be trained using the first LT information. Based on these basic parameters, more comprehensive control parameters can be trained using the second LT information, enabling more functionalities in link training and making the automatic parameter configuration process more scalable.

[0241] In the third combination, the first extended information is LT control information, and the control frame includes the first LT information and the LT control information. The first LT information can be used to train basic parameters, and the LT control information can be used to control link training, assisting the LT process, thereby improving the efficiency of the LT process and the accuracy of the trained basic parameters.

[0242] In a fourth combination, the first extended information includes AN information and the second LT information, and the control frame includes the first LT information, AN information and the second LT information.

[0243] The basic parameters can be trained through the first LT information. On the basis of these basic parameters, more abundant control parameters can be trained through the second LT information. Automatic negotiation of transmission parameters can be achieved through the AN information, thereby realizing the integration of the LT process and the AN process, making the parameter automatic configuration process more flexible. When training in the LT process, the transmission parameters automatically negotiated in the AN process can be referred to. When automatic negotiation is performed in the AN process, the basic parameters and more abundant control parameters trained in the LT process can also be referred to, thereby improving the accuracy of the automatically configured parameters and the efficiency of automatic configuration, and having a wider range of applications.

[0244] In the fifth combination, the first extended information includes AN information and LT control information, and the control frame includes the first LT information, AN information, and LT control information. The basic parameters can be trained through the first LT information, the automatic negotiation of transmission parameters can be achieved through the AN information, and the link training can be controlled through the LT control information, which plays an auxiliary role in the LT process, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of the LT process and the accuracy of the basic parameters obtained through training. In this way, the fusion of the LT process and the AN process is achieved, making the parameter automatic configuration process more flexible. When training in the LT process, the transmission parameters obtained through automatic negotiation in the AN process can be referred to. When automatic negotiation in the AN process, the more accurate basic parameters obtained through training in the LT process can also be referred to, thereby improving the accuracy of the automatically configured parameters and the efficiency of automatic configuration.

[0245] In the sixth combination, the first extended information includes the second LT information and the LT control information, and the control frame includes the first LT information, the second LT information, and the LT control information. Basic parameters can be trained using the first LT information. Based on these basic parameters, more comprehensive control parameters can be trained using the second LT information. This makes the automatic parameter configuration process more scalable. The LT control information can be used to control link training, assisting the LT process, thereby improving the efficiency of the LT process and the accuracy of the trained basic parameters and the more comprehensive control parameters.

[0246] In the seventh combination, the first extended information includes AN information, the second LT information and LT control information, and the control frame includes the first LT information, AN information, the second LT information and LT control information. Basic parameters can be trained through the first LT information, and more abundant control parameters can be trained through the second LT information. Moreover, due to the existence of the LT control information, both the basic parameters and the more abundant control parameters have higher accuracy. When training in the LT process, the transmission parameters automatically negotiated in the AN process can be referred to. When automatic negotiation is performed in the AN process, the accurate and abundant control parameters trained in the LT process can also be referred to. This not only improves the accuracy of the automatically configured parameters, but also improves the efficiency of the automatically configured parameters.

[0247] In an exemplary embodiment, the formats of the control frame include but are not limited to the following.

[0248] The first format is an intra-frame embedding method using an LT frame as a carrier, wherein the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in the control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0249] Figure 4 shows a standard LT frame, which only carries the first LT information through the control status field, while the PRBS field does not carry any LT information, AN information or LT control information. In an embodiment of the present application, the PRBS field of the standard LT frame is extended so that the PRBS field can carry the first extended information, thereby making full use of the space of the PRBS field and obtaining an improved LT frame. Referring to Figure 13, the improved LT frame includes a frame header, a DME field (including a control field and a status field) and a PRBS field, and the DME field carries the first LT information, and the PRBS field carries the first extended information. Among them, Figure 13 shows an example in which the first extended information includes AN information, the second LT information and the LT control information, which is not used to limit the embodiments of the present application. For example, in addition to carrying the first extended information, the PRBS field can also carry a reference identifier, which is used to indicate that the PRBS field carries the first extended information.

[0250] The second format is an inter-frame embedding method using the LT frame as the carrier. The control frame is a combination of the improved LT frame and the next frame of the improved LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0251] In some embodiments, a first identifier is added to a standard LT frame. For example, referring to FIG14 , a first identifier is added to a reserved cell in a control field or a status field of a standard LT frame to obtain an improved LT frame. The improved LT frame includes the first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that the next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information. Exemplarily, when the value of the first identifier is a first numerical value, it indicates that the next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information. When the value of the first identifier is a second numerical value, it indicates that the next frame of the improved LT frame does not include the first extended information. The second numerical value is different from the first numerical value. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the values ​​of the second numerical value and the first numerical value. The first device and the second device can distinguish between the improved LT frame (carrying the first LT information) and the next frame of the improved LT frame (carrying the first extended information) by the value of the first identifier.

[0252] In some other embodiments, the first LT information is located in the control status field of a standard LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the standard LT frame. The first device and the second device may assume that the next frame of the standard LT frame carries the first extended information, thereby distinguishing between a standard LT frame (carrying the first LT information) and the next frame of the standard LT frame (carrying the first extended information).

[0253] Exemplarily, the next frame may be a standard LT frame, an improved LT frame, a physical coding sublayer (PCS) codeword, or an FEC layer codeword. The FEC layer codeword may be, for example, an FEC padding frame. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the frame format of the next frame, and a suitable frame may be selected as the next frame according to actual needs.

[0254] In the third format, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a basic page of the improved AN frame, and the information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0255] Figure 5 shows a standard AN frame. The DME PAGE of a standard AN frame includes a BasePage and a NextPage, but these two pages are used only to carry AN information. In this embodiment, the role of the NextPage is expanded to allow it to carry information in addition to the AN information in the control frame, resulting in an improved AN frame. The NextPage can be of at least one of a message type and an unformatted type, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0256] Exemplarily, the BasePage of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate the existence of the NextPage of the improved AN frame. For example, the second identifier can be the NP bit in the BasePage. Exemplarily, when the value of the second identifier is a third numerical value, it indicates the existence of the NextPage of the improved AN frame; when the value of the second identifier is a fourth numerical value, it indicates the absence of the NextPage of the improved AN frame; the third numerical value is different from the fourth numerical value, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the values ​​of the third numerical value and the fourth numerical value.

[0257] In an exemplary embodiment, the improved AN frame provided in the third format can also be used in situations where the first LT information is not present. For example, the AN information is located in the BasePage of the improved AN frame, while at least one of the LT control information or the second LT information is located in the NextPage of the improved AN frame. This scenario also enables the integration of the LT and AN processes, improving the accuracy and efficiency of automatically configured parameters.

[0258] For example, for the first to third formats above, when the first extended information includes the second LT information, the second LT information may include the frame identifier and DME field shown in Figure 4. For example, the second LT information may be carried in the PRBS field using the format of the DME field shown in Figure 4, with the frame identifier included before the second LT information. When the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information may include 48 valid data items. For example, the AN information may be carried using the DME Page format shown in Figure 5. The DME Page may include a BasePage, or may include a BasePage and a NextPage, with the BasePage and NextPage each including 48 valid data items.

[0259] The above example illustrates a control frame including first LT information and first extended information. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 13 , the control frame also includes second extended information, which is different from the first extended information. This embodiment of the present application does not limit the second extended information; it can be any information different from the first extended information, determined based on actual needs. This embodiment of the present application supports flexible customization of the second extended information.

[0260] For example, each type of information included in the first extended information may include second extended information. For example, the second LT information included in the first extended information may include second extended information, the AN information included in the first extended information may include second extended information, and the LT control information included in the first extended information may also include second extended information. Alternatively, different information included in the first extended information may be combined to obtain combined information including second extended information. For example, the second LT information and LT control information included in the first extended information may be combined to obtain combined information including second extended information.

[0261] In some embodiments, the second extended information and the first extended information are located in the same field segment in the control frame, and the second extended information is located before or after the first extended information. In the case where the second extended information is located before the first extended information, during the transmission of the control frame, the second extended information is transmitted first, and then the first extended information is transmitted. In the case where the second extended information is located after the first extended information, during the transmission of the control frame, the first extended information is transmitted first, and then the second extended information is transmitted. For example, taking the case where the second extended information is located after the first extended information as an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the second extended information can be carried in the form of NextPage, so that the second extended information is located after the first extended information. Taking the case where the second LT information has the second extended information as an example, there can be a NextPage after the second LT information, and the NextPage carries the second extended information possessed by the second LT information.

[0262] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the second extended information and the first extended information are located in different fields within the control frame. The second extended information may be located after the first extended information, with the first extended information being transmitted before the second extended information when the control frame is transmitted. Alternatively, the second extended information may be located before the first extended information, with the second extended information being transmitted before the first extended information when the control frame is transmitted. Furthermore, the second extended information may be synchronized with the first extended information, with the first and second extended information being transmitted simultaneously when the control frame is transmitted.

[0263] The above is the parsing process of the control frame by the first device. The first device can also perform a filling process on the control frame. In an exemplary embodiment, the method also includes: the first device fills the control frame with the reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame; the first device sends the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used by the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame. Exemplarily, when the first device is connected to the control system through an out-of-band CMIS interface, after receiving the control frame, the first device has already written the content of the control frame into a register. In this case, the first device can also write the reference information of the first device into the register, and then the control system reads the content of the control frame and the reference information of the first device from the register through the CMIS interface, etc., to generate an updated control frame, and then send the updated control frame to the third device. Alternatively, the first device can also fill the control frame with the reference information of the first device in the in-band, and after obtaining the updated control frame, send the updated control frame to the third device.

[0264] Exemplarily, the transmission direction of the control frame is from the second device to the first device, the second device is the device located before the first device in the transmission direction, and the third device may be the device located after the first device in the transmission direction. In the transmission direction of the control frame, each device can independently parse and fill the control frame. For example, as shown in Figure 15, in the transmission direction from the host chip of the local device to the host chip of the opposite device, the chip of the local device (local host chip) can fill in the information, and the optical module of the local device (local optical module), the optical module of the opposite device (opposite optical module) and the host chip of the opposite device (opposite host chip) can each parse and fill in the information. For example, the host chip on this end fills in the host chip information on this end, the optical module on this end parses the host chip information on this end (for automatic configuration of parameters, and the subsequent parsing can also be used for automatic configuration of parameters, which will not be repeated here), and fills in the optical module information on this end, the optical module on the other end parses the host chip information on this end and the optical module information on this end, and fills in the optical module information on the other end, and the host chip on the other end parses the host chip information on this end, the optical module information on this end and the optical module information on the other end, and fills in the host chip information on the other end. In this way, each device in the communication system can obtain information about other devices except itself by parsing the control frame, so that each device can complete the automatic configuration process of parameters by referring to the rich information. Of course, different devices in the communication system can have different capabilities. For example, some devices may have parsing and filling capabilities, while other devices may only have parsing capabilities.

[0265] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the reference information populated by the first device. The reference information populated by the first device may include at least one of the following: AN information of the first device (such as rate parameters and FEC capability parameters supported by the first device), first LT information of the first device (such as LT information provided by the first device for training to obtain FIR coefficients), second LT information of the first device (such as LT information provided by the first device for training to obtain DPD compensation), or LT control information of the first device (such as an editable test pattern selected by the first device).

[0266] Exemplarily, the reference information of the first device includes information about the transmission channel (lane) of the first device. The first device may have multiple lanes. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the correspondence between the multiple lanes and the interface of the first device. The correspondence may be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-one. Exemplarily, the reference information may include information about each lane in the multiple lanes, or information about one lane in the multiple lanes. The lane information is fine-grained information, which is conducive to achieving a more sophisticated parameter automatic configuration process. The information of different lanes may be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0267] For example, taking the first device as the optical module at the local end, the correspondence in the previous paragraph is many-to-one, that is, multiple lanes correspond to the interface of one first device, which can include: multiple lanes correspond to one interface of the optical module at the local end, and each lane is used to connect to an optical module at the opposite end. This situation is also called parallel fan-out. For example, the optical module at the local end is connected to the four optical modules at the opposite end through four lanes. If the local end needs to transmit 400G data to the opposite end, the 400G data can be split into four 100G data portions, and each lane is used to transmit one 100G data portion.

[0268] In one implementation, in the breakout situation, after receiving the control frame, the optical module at the local end obtains an updated control frame for each lane, or in other words, the lanes correspond to the updated control frames one-to-one. For example, the updated control frame corresponding to a lane includes: the content of the control frame and the information of the filled lane. For example, still taking the example of the optical module at the local end being connected to the four optical modules at the opposite end (recorded as optical module 0 to optical module 3) through four lanes (recorded as lane 0 to lane 3), after receiving the control frame, the optical module at the local end fills the control frame with the information of lane 0 to obtain the updated control frame 0, sends the updated control frame 0 to the optical module 0 at the opposite end through lane 0, fills the control frame with the information of lane 1 to obtain the updated control frame 1, sends the updated control frame 1 to the optical module 1 at the opposite end through lane 1, and the same applies to lane 2 and lane 3, which will not be described here.

[0269] In some implementations, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields of the updated control frame. For example, if the first LT information and the first extended information included in the control frame are located in a first field, the first device may fill the reference information in a second field that is different from the first field.

[0270] In other embodiments, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field of the updated control frame, with the reference information located before or after the first LT information and the first extended information. For example, in the example where the reference information is located after the first LT information and the first extended information, the first LT information and the first extended information included in the control frame are located in a third field. The first device may also fill the third field with the reference information. For example, the reference information may be filled in the third field using a NextPage method, thereby placing the reference information after the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0271] Step 1102: The first device executes the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information.

[0272] Because the control frame includes the first LT information and the first extended information, after receiving the control frame, the first device can execute the first function of the first LT information and train to obtain the first control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device. The first device can also execute the function of the first extended information. For example, when the first extended information includes AN information, automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device is completed, and the transmission parameters after automatic negotiation are obtained. For another example, when the first extended information includes the second LT information, second control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device are trained, and the second control parameters are different from the first control parameters. For another example, when the first extended information includes LT control information, the link training process based on the first LT information is controlled according to the LT control information. Of course, the link training process based on the second LT information can also be controlled according to the LT control information.

[0273] As shown in Figure 16, a first device receives a control frame, which is, for example, an improved LT frame. The improved LT frame includes first LT information and first extended information. The first extended information includes AN information (which can be carried in the improved LT frame via a BasePage and includes 48 valid data bits) and second extended information of the AN information (which can be carried in the improved LT frame via a NextPage). When the first device executes the first function of the first LT information, the second function of the second LT information, and the function of the LT control information, it can use an LT state machine, such as the state machine defined in protocol CL136. When the first device executes the function of the AN information, it can use an AN state machine, such as the state machine defined in protocol CL73. The use of the LT state machine and the AN state machine can be independent of each other and do not interfere with each other.

[0274] By executing the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information, the first device can automatically configure parameters, thereby establishing a communication link between the first device and the second device based on the automatically configured parameters. For example, the first device can store the various information and parameters involved in steps 1101 and 1102 (including but not limited to the first LT information, the first extended information, and the automatically configured parameters). If the communication link needs to be re-established later, the first device can refer to the stored information and parameters to re-establish the communication link, thereby improving the efficiency of re-establishing the communication link.

[0275] In an exemplary embodiment, multiple first channels are included between the first device and the second device. For example, referring to FIG12 , the multiple first channels include channel 0, channel 1, channel 2, and channel 3. Exemplarily, the first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information, including: the first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information in parallel for the multiple first channels. Compared to the serial execution of the LT process between different devices in related art 1, and the serial execution of the AN process between different devices in related art 2, the embodiments of the present application can independently execute the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information in parallel for different first channels, thereby reducing overhead and complexity and improving the fault tolerance and efficiency of executing various functions.

[0276] As shown in Figure 17, the LT process of the first channel N is recorded as segment training (ST) N. For example, the LT process of channel 0 (i.e., CHAN-0) is ST 0, the LT process of channel 1 (i.e., CHAN-1) is ST 1, the LT process of channel 2 (i.e., CHAN-2) is ST 2, and the LT process of channel 3 (i.e., CHAN-3) is ST 3. The AN process of the first channel N is recorded as segment negotiation (SN) N. For example, the AN process of channel 0 is SN 0, the AN process of channel 1 is SN 1, the AN process of channel 2 is SN 2, and the AN process of channel 3 is SN 3. This facilitates distinguishing the LT processes and AN processes of different first channels.

[0277] In different first channels, the LT processes are independent of each other. For example, some of the multiple first channels perform the LT process, while the remaining channels do not. In different first channels, the AN processes are independent of each other. For example, some of the multiple first channels perform the AN process, while the remaining channels do not. In the same first channel, the LT process and the AN process are independent of each other. For example, a first channel segment can perform the LT process without performing the AN process, or it can perform the AN process without performing the LT process, or it can perform the AN process and the LT process. When performing the AN process and the LT process, the embodiments of the present application do not limit the number of AN processes, the number of LT processes, or the order of the AN processes and the order of the LT processes. For example, multiple AN processes can be performed after performing one LT process, and multiple LT processes can be performed after performing one AN process, and so on. AN processes can be combined and nested, LT processes can be combined and nested, and LT processes and AN processes can be combined and nested. Of course, a first channel segment can also perform neither the LT process nor the AN process. Figure 17 illustrates various scenarios where channels 0 through 3 (i.e., the first channels of multiple segments) independently undergo the AN and LT processes during the parameter auto-configuration process, which are not further detailed here. After the parameter auto-configuration process is complete, as shown in Figure 17 , a communication link can be established based on the automatically configured parameters, thereby entering data mode, i.e., a mode for transmitting data over the communication link.

[0278] In an exemplary embodiment, the first extended information includes AN information, and the first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information in parallel for multiple segments of the first channel, including but not limited to the following two sequences.

[0279] In the first sequence, the LT process is executed first, followed by the AN process. For any second channel within the multiple first channels, the first device executes the functions of the information in the control frame, excluding the AN information, to obtain trained control parameters. The AN function is then executed based on the trained control parameters. In sequence 1, the AN process can reference the trained control parameters obtained through the LT process, which helps ensure the accuracy of the parameters automatically negotiated through the AN process.

[0280] For example, when executing the AN process for a second channel, based on the transmission parameter 1 supported by device 1 at one end of the second channel and the transmission parameter 2 supported by device 2 at the other end of the second channel, the transmission parameter 3 supported by both device 1 and device 2 is obtained. The transmission parameter 3 may include multiple rate parameters and multiple FEC capability parameters. If the trained control parameters are not referenced, it may be necessary to blindly select from multiple rate parameters and blindly select from multiple FEC capability parameters. However, in the embodiment of the present application, since the trained control parameters can be referenced, a more accurate selection can be made, which is conducive to selecting rate parameters and FEC capability parameters that are more suitable for the second channel, thereby improving the accuracy of the parameters after automatic negotiation.

[0281] The second sequence executes the AN process first, followed by the LT process. For any second channel among the multiple first channels, the first device executes the functions of the AN information to obtain auto-negotiated parameters, and then executes the functions of the information in the control frame other than the AN information based on the auto-negotiated parameters. In sequence 2, the LT process can reference the auto-negotiated parameters obtained through the AN process, which helps improve the efficiency of the LT process.

[0282] For example, when executing the LT process for a second channel, the parameters after automatic negotiation can be referred to determine the control parameters that need to be trained and the initial values ​​of the control parameters that need to be trained, avoiding blind adjustment of the control parameters and thus improving the efficiency of the LT process.

[0283] The following example illustrates this with reference to Figure 18. For any second channel N within a first channel, the LT process ST N for that second channel N may include at least one phase, each phase including at least one step. These phases and the steps included in the phases are executed by the first devices at both ends of the second channel N.

[0284] Phase 1 is the channel estimation process, including Step 1 to Step 3.

[0285] Step 1: Obtain the AN result. The AN result refers to the transmission parameters automatically negotiated through the AN process, which can include device and channel information, such as the rate parameters and FEC capability parameters mentioned above.

[0286] Step 2, optical / electrical channel estimation, measures the signal distortion caused by the device and channel, such as information that ideally allows training in the LT process. For example, at least one of the following information is determined based on the LT control information.

[0287] Optoelectronic device information: including but not limited to I / Q mismatch, skew, THD, frequency deviation, jitter, baseline drift, temperature drift, etc.

[0288] Electrical channel information: including but not limited to insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk, lane swap, differential pair polarity reversal, skew, etc.

[0289] Optical channel information: including but not limited to attenuation, return loss, dispersion, nonlinearity, group delay, etc.

[0290] This Step 2 can be performed in-band (i.e., on-link) by the first device. For example, if the first device has parsing capabilities, the first device can parse the control frame in-band and perform Step 2 based on the LT control information included in the control frame. Alternatively, this Step 2 can be performed out-of-band by the first device. For example, if the first device does not have parsing capabilities, the first device stores the content of the control frame in a register, and the control system reads the register and parses the control frame through the out-of-band CMIS interface, thereby performing Step 2 based on the LT control information included in the control frame.

[0291] Step 3: Calculate device capabilities, such as information about what can be trained in the LT process under actual circumstances. For example, at least one of the following information is determined based on the second LT information.

[0292] The device's TX / RX equalization coefficient, the adjustable range of the equalization coefficient, supported codec modes (such as FEC interleaving, PreCoding, etc.), adjustable parameter training combinations, temperature, and the adjustable range corresponding to the temperature.

[0293] The second LT information may be located in an improved AN frame or in an improved LT frame, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0294] Step 3 can be performed by the first device in-band or out-of-band. If the first device has parsing capabilities, it parses the control frame in-band and executes Step 3 based on the second LT information included in the control frame. If the first device does not have parsing capabilities, it stores the contents of the control frame in a register. The control system reads the register and parses the control frame through the out-of-band CMIS interface, thereby executing Step 3 based on the second LT information included in the control frame.

[0295] Phase 2 is an adjustment process, such as a preliminary adjustment process, including Step 4 to Step 6.

[0296] Step 4: Adjust the initial photoelectric parameters of RX.

[0297] Step 5: Adjust the initial TX photoelectric parameters.

[0298] Step 6: Adjust the LT algorithm conditions.

[0299] The initial RX and TX optoelectronic parameters, as well as the LT algorithm conditions, are all information that can be trained in the LT process in real-world scenarios. Steps 4 through 6 determine the compensation amount for this information. Examples of the optoelectronic parameters and LT algorithm conditions are provided below.

[0300] Optoelectronic parameters: compensation for pre-emphasis, differential swing, common-mode voltage, impedance, frequency offset, jitter, DPD coefficient, AGC coefficient, CTLE coefficient, DSP coefficient, ASP coefficient, DFE coefficient, Float FFE coefficient, NLE coefficient, bandwidth, polarization, optical wavelength, linewidth spectrum, lane swap, differential pair polarity inversion, skew, codec mode, power, and ADC ENOB.

[0301] LT algorithm conditions: preset, adjustable parameter training combination, parameter adjustment range, step size, etc.

[0302] Steps 4 through 6 can be performed in-band or out-of-band by the first device. For example, the first device can parse the control frame in-band and execute Steps 4 through 6 based on the second LT information included in the control frame. Alternatively, the first device can store the contents of the control frame in a register, and the control system can read the register and parse the control frame through an out-of-band CMIS interface, thereby executing Steps 4 through 6 based on the second LT information included in the control frame.

[0303] Phase 3 is another adjustment process, such as a precise adjustment process, including Step 7 to Step 9.

[0304] Step 7: Measure the signal quality of the RX and adjust the optical and electrical parameters of the TX on the other end.

[0305] The RX signal quality can be measured using methods such as SNR and BER. Step 7 can be performed in-band or out-of-band by the first device. For example, the first device can parse the control frame in-band and execute Step 7. Alternatively, the first device can store the contents of the control frame in a register, and the control system can read the register, parse the control frame, and execute Step 7 through an out-of-band CMIS interface.

[0306] Step 8: Each device is independent of each other and supports segmented chain building.

[0307] That is, different devices in the communication system can respectively start the LT process and respectively complete the LT process to achieve segmented link establishment.

[0308] Step 9 supports timeout or active re-training restart control.

[0309] For example, if the execution time of a step exceeds the timeout threshold, or the total execution time of multiple steps exceeds the timeout threshold, restart control can be implemented to re-execute one or more steps. Alternatively, the timeout threshold can be ignored and restart control can be proactively implemented when re-training is determined to be necessary based on actual conditions.

[0310] This step 9 can be implemented using the quiet function in the LT state machine. The timeout thresholds for different components in the communication system can be set independently, and the timeout thresholds for different channel segments of the same component can also be set independently. In other words, the timeout thresholds for SN 0 to SN 3 in the AN process and ST 0 to ST 3 in the LT process can be set independently.

[0311] Through Step 1 to Step 9, the parameters can be automatically configured, and the communication link can be established based on the automatically configured parameters. For example, the embodiment of the present application supports the device to store information and parameters (including but not limited to all information and parameters involved in the above Step 1 to Step 9, such as information about all devices on the communication system and information about each channel). When the communication link needs to be re-established later, the information and parameters stored when the communication link was established can be referenced to improve the efficiency of reestablishing the communication link.

[0312] In an exemplary embodiment, a loopback function may be implemented between different devices through control frames to perform device or channel diagnosis.

[0313] In some implementations, the device performs an internal loopback, that is, the device transmits the generated control frame from the TX inside the device to the RX inside the device. If the transmission is successful, it indicates that the device itself is not faulty and the device diagnosis is completed.

[0314] In other implementations, the device performs external loopback, that is, the device transmits the received control frame from the RX inside the device to the TX inside the device, and completes the channel diagnosis by returning the received control frame.

[0315] For example, let's take a communication system including devices A, B, and C as an example. When the loopback function is not enabled, for the transmission direction from device A to device C, device A sends control frames to device B, and device B sends control frames to device C. With the loopback function enabled, for the transmission direction from device A to device C, after device B receives the control frame sent by device A via its internal RX, device B can not only send the control frame to device C but also transmit the control frame from its internal RX to its internal TX, returning the control frame to device A via its internal TX. Device A's receipt of the control frame returned by device B indicates that the channel between devices A and B is fault-free, thus completing channel diagnosis. Of course, device C can also return the received control frame to device B, thereby performing channel diagnosis between devices B and C. This is not discussed in detail here.

[0316] Of course, since the control frame carries the first LT information and the first extended information, the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information can also be executed during the diagnosis process of the device or channel. The execution method has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0317] In the embodiments of the present application, Phases 1 to 3 are independent of each other and can be flexibly combined and ordered based on actual needs. For example, at least one of Phase 1, Phase 2, or Phase 3 can be selected for execution. When two or three Phases are selected, the execution order of the Phases is not restricted. Furthermore, Steps 1 to 9 are also independent of each other and can be flexibly combined and ordered based on actual needs. For example, at least one of Steps 1 to 9 can be selected for execution. When multiple Steps are selected, the execution order of the Steps is not restricted.

[0318] Next, taking the scenario shown in FIG12 as an example, the AN process and the LT process of each first channel in the communication system are illustrated in combination with FIG19 and FIG20.

[0319] For example, assuming that in the scenario shown in Figure 12, both optical modules are LPO optical modules with the standard architecture shown in Figure 9, and need to be connected to the control system through an out-of-band CMIS interface to implement the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, then referring to Figure 19, the process of automatic parameter configuration may include the following contents, and the following contents can be executed in parallel. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the execution order.

[0320] During the automatic configuration of parameters for CHAN-1 (the telecommunications channel) between the Host-Chip and the local optical module in the local device, Phases 1 and 2 of ST 1 are executed via out-of-band CMIS to complete channel estimation and preliminary parameter adjustment for the telecommunications channel. SN 1 is also executed via out-of-band CMIS to complete automatic negotiation of information about on-board components (including but not limited to the Host-Chip and the local optical module in the local device). The automatic configuration of parameters for CHAN-1 (the telecommunications channel) between the Host-Chip and the local optical module in the remote device (for example, ST 1, including Phase 2 in FIG. 19 , which can be used to complete preliminary parameter adjustment for the Host-Chip and the optical module) can be found in the local automatic configuration of parameters for CHAN-1 and is not further described here.

[0321] During the automatic configuration of CHAN-0 (optical channel) parameters between the local optical module and the remote optical module, Phase 1 and Phase 2 of ST 0 are executed through out-of-band CMIS to complete optical channel estimation and preliminary adjustment of optical channel parameters.

[0322] During the automatic configuration of CHAN-3 (including telecommunication and optical channels) parameters between the Host-Chip in the local device and the Host-Chip in the peer device, Phase 1 and Phase 3, including ST 3, are executed in-band to complete full-channel channel estimation and precise adjustment of Host-Chip parameters. SN 3 is also executed in-band to complete automatic negotiation of inter-board device information (including but not limited to the Host-Chip in the local device and the Host-Chip in the peer device). When executing SN 3, the parameters automatically configured through ST 3, SN 1, and ST 0 can be used as a reference.

[0323] For another example, assuming that in the scenario shown in FIG12 , both optical modules are LPO optical modules with the improved architecture shown in FIG10 , the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be executed in-band without relying on an out-of-band CMIS interface. Referring to FIG20 , the parameter automatic configuration process may include the following contents, which may be executed in parallel, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the execution order.

[0324] During the automatic configuration of CHAN-1 (telecommunication channel) parameters between the Host-Chip in the local device and the local optical module, ST 1, including Phase 1 and Phase 2 (for estimating the telecommunication channel and performing preliminary adjustment of telecommunication channel parameters), Phase 2 (i.e., Phase 2 is executed again for preliminary adjustment of Host-Chip and optical module parameters; this embodiment of the present application supports independent preliminary adjustment of channel / device parameters and precise adjustment of parameters), and Phase 3 (for precise adjustment of Host-Chip and optical module parameters) are executed in-band. SN 1 is executed in-band to complete automatic negotiation of on-board device information (including but not limited to the Host-Chip in the local device and the local optical module).

[0325] During the automatic configuration of CHAN-0 (optical channel) parameters between the local optical module and the remote optical module, Phase 1 and Phase 2 included in ST 0 are executed in-band to complete optical channel estimation and preliminary adjustment of optical channel parameters.

[0326] During the automatic configuration of CHAN-3 (all-channel) parameters between the Host-Chip in the local device and the Host-Chip in the peer device, Phase 1 and Phase 3, including ST 3, are executed in-band to complete channel estimation for the entire channel and precise adjustment of Host-Chip parameters. SN 3 is also executed in-band to complete automatic negotiation of inter-board devices (including but not limited to the Host-Chip in the local device and the Host-Chip in the peer device). When executing SN 3, the parameters automatically configured through ST 3, SN 0, and ST 0 can be used as a reference.

[0327] In summary, the present application provides a control frame that can carry not only the first LT information but also the first extended information, thus offering strong scalability. Based on this control frame, the first device can both execute the function of the first LT information to obtain link control parameters through first functional training of link training, and execute the function of the first extended information, thereby enabling richer and more accurate automatic configuration parameters, as well as greater flexibility and comprehensiveness.

[0328] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for automatic parameter configuration, which is applied to a second device included in a communication system, wherein the communication system also includes a first device. As shown in FIG21 , the method includes the following steps 2101 and 2102 .

[0329] In step 2101, the second device generates a control frame, which includes first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement the first function of link training. Link training refers to training control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement the second function of link training. The LT control information is used to control link training.

[0330] The second device includes at least one of all devices in the communication system, and the first device is any one of all devices included in the communication system except the second device. Exemplarily, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module. Of course, the second device may also include an oDSP optical module, a host chip, a retimer, an AOC, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the second device.

[0331] In some implementations, the second device generates the control frame in-band.

[0332] In other embodiments, the second device generates a control frame, including: the second device filling a register with the first LT information and the first extended information; and the second device reading the register and generating a control frame based on the read contents. For example, the second device is connected to a control system via an out-of-band CMIS interface, for example. After the second device fills the register with the first LT information and the first extended information, the control system can read the register based on the CMIS interface, thereby generating a control frame based on the read contents. A description of the CMIS interface and control system can be found in the description of the third architecture above and is not further elaborated here.

[0333] In some implementations, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in the control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the PRBS field of the improved LT frame. This implementation can be found in the description of the first format above and is not repeated here.

[0334] In other embodiments, the control frame is a combination of an Improved LT frame and the next frame of the Improved LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the Improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the Improved LT frame. This embodiment can be found in the description of the second format above and is not further described here. In one possible implementation, the Improved LT frame includes a first identifier that indicates that the next frame of the Improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0335] In yet other embodiments, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame. This embodiment can be seen in the description of the third format above and is not further described here. In one possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, which is used to indicate the presence of a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0336] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0337] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0338] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0339] In a possible implementation, the first function includes a basic function, and the second function includes other functions except the first function.

[0340] Step 2102: The second device sends a control frame to the first device.

[0341] After the second device generates the control frame, the second device can send the generated control frame to the first device. For example, referring to FIG15 , taking the second device as the host chip at the local end and the first device as the optical module at the local end as an example, the control frame generated by the second device includes information of the host chip at the local end, such as the first LT information and the first extended information of the host chip at the local end. After the second device generates the control frame, it sends the control frame to the optical module at the local end.

[0342] Among them, the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 21 can refer to the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 11, and will not be repeated here.

[0343] As shown in Figure 22, an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for automatic parameter configuration, which is applied to a first device included in a communication system, which also includes a second device, the first device being located on a local device, and the second device being located on a peer device. The method includes the following steps 2201 and 2202.

[0344] In step 2201, a first device receives a control frame sent by a second device. The control frame includes first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement a link training function, and the first extended information is used to implement a function between the local device and the opposite device.

[0345] The first device includes at least one of all devices in the communication system, and the second device is any device other than the first device in the communication system, and the first device and the second device are located in different communication devices in the communication system. For example, referring to Figure 12, the first device is an optical module of a local device, and the second device is an optical module of a remote device. Other examples are not repeated here.

[0346] Link training refers to the control parameters of the link between a first device and a second device. The first LT information can be used to train the control parameters of the link between the first and second devices, for example, the control parameters between a local device and a remote device. These control parameters are used to establish a link between the local and remote devices, improving the quality of communication over the link. The control parameters that can be trained using the first LT information include FIR coefficients and preset parameters. See the corresponding description of the method shown in Figure 11 for details, and are not detailed here.

[0347] The first extended information is used to implement functions between the local device and the peer device. In other words, the first extended information is control information between different devices in the communication system. For example, the first extended information includes energy efficiency control information between the local device and the peer device, which is used to improve the energy efficiency of communication between the local device and the peer device. For example, the first extended information can be used to determine the codec mode between the local device and the peer device, such as FEC interleaving and precoding modes. The codec mode can affect the energy efficiency of the communication between the local device and the peer device.

[0348] Exemplarily, the first extended information may also include at least one of the AN information, the second LT information or the LT control information described above. Please refer to the corresponding description of the method shown in FIG11 , which will not be elaborated here.

[0349] Step 2202: The first device executes the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information.

[0350] Because the control frame includes the first LT information and the first extended information, after receiving the control frame, the first device can execute the function of the first LT information to train and obtain control parameters for the link between the first and second devices. The first device can also execute the function of the first extended information to assist the function of the first LT information. For example, if the first extended information includes energy efficiency control information, executing the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information can enable the first and second devices to perform link training and obtain control parameters. After that, a communication link can be established based on the trained control parameters, thereby improving the energy efficiency of communication over the communication link, or in other words, improving the energy efficiency after link training.

[0351] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0352] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0353] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0354] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0355] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0356] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0357] After the first device receives the control frame sent by the second device, the method also includes: the first device fills the control frame with reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame; the first device sends the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used by the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame.

[0358] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields in the updated control frame.

[0359] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field segment in the updated control frame, and the reference information is located before or after the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0360] In a possible implementation manner, the reference information of the first device includes information about a transmission channel of the first device.

[0361] In one possible implementation, a plurality of first channels are provided between the first device and the second device, and the first device executes the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information, including: the first device executes the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information in parallel for the plurality of first channels.

[0362] In a possible implementation, the first device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0363] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0364] In a possible implementation, the first device further includes a retimer.

[0365] In summary, the present application provides a control frame that can carry not only first LT information but also first extended information, thus exhibiting strong scalability. Based on this control frame, the first device can both perform the function of the first LT information to obtain link control parameters through first functional training of link training, and perform the function of the first extended information, supplementing the function of the first LT information. This, based on the function of the first LT information, enables functional expansion between the local device and the remote device. This functional expansion can enrich and accurately configure parameters between different devices, making it more flexible and comprehensive. This makes it suitable for complex scenarios with high requirements for parameter accuracy and automatic configuration efficiency, such as those with a large number of devices and a variety of device types in a communication system.

[0366] Among them, the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 22 can refer to the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figures 11 and 21, and will not be repeated here.

[0367] As shown in Figure 23, an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for automatic parameter configuration, which is applied to a second device included in a communication system, the communication system also including a first device, the second device being located on a local device, and the first device being located on a remote device. The method includes the following steps 2301 and 2302.

[0368] In step 2301, the second device generates a control frame, which includes first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement the link training function, and the first extended information is used to implement the function between the local device and the opposite device.

[0369] The second device includes at least one device among all devices in the communication system, and the first device is any device among all devices in the communication system except the second device. The first device and the second device are located in different devices in the communication system, such as different switches. Examples of the first device and the second device can be found in step 2201 above and are not further described here.

[0370] Step 2302: The second device sends a control frame to the first device.

[0371] The second device can send a control frame to the first device in-band. Alternatively, the second device can connect to the control system via an out-of-band CMIS interface, for example, and send the control frame to the first device through the control system. For example, the second device writes the contents of the control frame to a register, and the control system reads the register via the out-of-band CMIS interface to obtain the contents of the control frame. The control system can then generate a control frame and send it to the first device.

[0372] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0373] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0374] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0375] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0376] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0377] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0378] In a possible implementation, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0379] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0380] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0381] Among them, the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 23 can refer to the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 22, and will not be repeated here.

[0382] The above describes the method for automatic parameter configuration provided by an embodiment of the present application. Corresponding to the above method, an embodiment of the present application also provides an apparatus for automatic parameter configuration. The apparatus is applied to a first device included in a communication system, which also includes a second device. The apparatus is configured to execute the method for automatic parameter configuration shown in FIG. 11 , performed by the first device, through the various modules shown in FIG. 24 . As shown in FIG. 24 , the apparatus for automatic parameter configuration provided by an embodiment of the present application includes the following modules.

[0383] A receiving module 2401 is configured to receive a control frame sent by a second device, the control frame including first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement a first function of link training, which refers to training control parameters of a link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement a second function of link training, and the LT control information is used to control link training.

[0384] The execution module 2402 is configured to execute the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information.

[0385] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0386] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0387] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0388] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0389] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0390] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is located after the first extended information.

[0391] In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:

[0392] A filling module, configured to fill the control frame with reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame;

[0393] The sending module is used to send the updated control frame to the third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used for the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame.

[0394] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields in the updated control frame.

[0395] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field segment in the updated control frame, and the reference information is located before or after the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0396] In a possible implementation manner, the reference information of the first device includes information about a transmission channel of the first device.

[0397] In a possible implementation, multiple first channels are provided between the first device and the second device; the execution module 2402 is configured to execute the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information in parallel for the multiple first channels.

[0398] In a possible implementation, the first device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0399] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0400] In a possible implementation, the first device further includes a retimer.

[0401] The present application also provides another apparatus for automatic parameter configuration. The apparatus is applied to a second device included in a communication system, which also includes a first device. The apparatus is configured to execute the method for automatic parameter configuration shown in FIG. 21 , performed by the second device, through the modules shown in FIG. 25 . As shown in FIG. 25 , the apparatus for automatic parameter configuration provided in the present application includes the following modules.

[0402] A generation module 2501 is configured to generate a control frame, the control frame including first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement a first function of link training, which refers to training control parameters of a link between a first device and a second device. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement a second function of link training, and the LT control information is used to control link training.

[0403] The sending module 2502 is configured to send a control frame to the first device.

[0404] In a possible implementation, the generating module 2501 is configured to fill the first LT information and the first extended information into a register; read the register, and generate a control frame.

[0405] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0406] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0407] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0408] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0409] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0410] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0411] In a possible implementation, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0412] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0413] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0414] In a possible implementation, the first function includes a basic function, and the second function includes other functions except the first function.

[0415] The present application also provides another apparatus for automatic parameter configuration. The apparatus is applied to a communication system comprising a first device, which also includes a second device. The first device is located on a local device, and the second device is located on a remote device. The apparatus is configured to execute the automatic parameter configuration method shown in FIG. 22 , performed by the first device, through the modules shown in FIG. 26 . As shown in FIG. 26 , the apparatus for automatic parameter configuration provided in the present application includes the following modules.

[0416] A receiving module 2601 is configured to receive a control frame sent by a second device, where the control frame includes first LT information and first extended information, where the first LT information is used to implement a link training function, and the first extended information is used to implement a function between a local device and a remote device;

[0417] The execution module 2602 is configured to execute the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information.

[0418] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0419] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0420] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0421] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0422] In one possible implementation, the device also includes: a filling module, used to fill the reference information of the first device into the control frame to obtain an updated control frame; a sending module, used to send the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used by the third device to execute the function of the information included in the updated control frame.

[0423] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different fields in the updated control frame.

[0424] In a possible implementation, the reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same field segment in the updated control frame, and the reference information is located before or after the first LT information and the first extended information.

[0425] In a possible implementation manner, the reference information of the first device includes information about a transmission channel of the first device.

[0426] In a possible implementation, the execution module 2602 is configured to execute the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information in parallel for multiple segments of the first channel.

[0427] In a possible implementation, the first device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0428] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the device is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0429] In a possible implementation, the first device further includes a retimer.

[0430] The present application also provides another apparatus for automatic parameter configuration. The apparatus is applied to a second device included in a communication system, which also includes a first device. The second device is located on a local device, and the first device is located on a remote device. The apparatus is configured to execute the automatic parameter configuration method shown in FIG. 23 , performed by the second device, through the modules shown in FIG. 27 . As shown in FIG. 27 , the apparatus for automatic parameter configuration provided in the present application includes the following modules.

[0431] A generating module 2701 is configured to generate a control frame, the control frame including first LT information and first extended information, the first LT information being used to implement a link training function, and the first extended information being used to implement a function between a local device and a peer device;

[0432] The sending module 2702 is configured to send a control frame to the first device.

[0433] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0434] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0435] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0436] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0437] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0438] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is different from the first extended information.

[0439] In a possible implementation, the second device includes at least one of an LPO optical module, a semi-retiming module, a CPO module, an NPO module, an AEC module, an ACC module, or a passive DAC module.

[0440] In a possible implementation, the LPO optical module, CPO module, or NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the device is applied to the microcontroller unit.

[0441] In a possible implementation, the second device further includes a retimer.

[0442] It should be understood that the beneficial effects of the devices shown in Figures 24 to 27 above are the same as the beneficial effects of the methods shown in Figures 11 and 21 to 23 when realizing their functions. When the devices shown in Figures 24 to 27 realize their functions, only the division of the above-mentioned functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the devices and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept. The specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0443] An embodiment of the present application also provides a control frame, which includes first LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement the first function of link training. Link training refers to training the control parameters of the link between the first device and the second device in the communication system. The first extended information includes at least one of AN information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for automatic negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement the second function of link training. The LT control information is used to control the link training.

[0444] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

[0445] In a possible implementation, the control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control state field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

[0446] In a possible implementation, the improved LT frame includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate that a next frame of the improved LT frame includes the first extended information.

[0447] In a possible implementation, the control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes AN information, the AN information is located on a base page of the improved AN frame, and information in the control frame other than the AN information is located on a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0448] In a possible implementation, the base page of the improved AN frame includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that there is a next page of the improved AN frame.

[0449] In a possible implementation manner, the control frame further includes second extended information, where the second extended information is located after the first extended information.

[0450] Exemplarily, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which includes a processor and a receiver, the receiver is used to receive a control frame, and the processor is used to process the control frame, so that the communication device implements the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 11 or Figure 22.

[0451] In an exemplary embodiment, an embodiment of the present application provides another communication device, which includes a processor and a transmitter, the processor is used to generate a control frame, and the transmitter is used to send the control frame, so that the communication device implements the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 21 or Figure 22.

[0452] Illustratively, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, which includes an interface circuit and a control circuit, the interface circuit being used to send and receive data, and the control circuit being used to process the data, so that a device equipped with the chip can implement any one of the parameter automatic configuration methods provided in the embodiment of the present application, such as the parameter automatic configuration method shown in Figure 11, Figure 21, Figure 22 or Figure 23.

[0453] Exemplarily, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes a first device and a second device, the first device is used to implement the method for automatic parameter configuration shown in Figure 11 or Figure 22, and the second device is used to implement the method for automatic parameter configuration shown in Figure 21 or Figure 23.

[0454] The present application also provides a communication device comprising at least one device configured to execute the parameter automatic configuration method provided in the present application. For example, the device is configured to execute the parameter automatic configuration method shown in at least one of Figures 11, 21, 22, or 23. In other words, the device has the functionality of at least one of the first device or the second device provided in the present application.

[0455] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described herein are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state drive).

[0456] In this application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used to distinguish between identical or similar items with substantially the same purpose and function. It should be understood that "first," "second," and "nth" do not have a logical or temporal dependency, nor do they limit the quantity or order of execution. It should also be understood that although the following description uses the terms "first," "second," and the like to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are simply used to distinguish one element from another.

[0457] It should also be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of each process does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0458] In this application, the term "at least one" means one or more, and the term "plurality" means two or more. For example, a plurality of devices means two or more devices. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably herein.

[0459] It should be understood that the terminology used in the description of the various examples herein is for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various examples and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0460] It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items. The term "and / or" describes an association between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0461] It should also be understood that the terms “if” and “if” may be interpreted to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting.” Similarly, the phrases “if it is determined that ” or “if [stated condition or event] is detected” may be interpreted to mean “upon determining ” or “in response to determining ” or “upon detecting [stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [stated condition or event],” depending on the context.

[0462] The above are merely embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first device included in a communication system, and the communication system further includes a second device. The method includes: The first device receives a control frame sent by the second device. The control frame includes first link training (LT) information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement a first function of link training. Link training refers to training control parameters of a link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of auto-negotiation (AN) information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for auto-negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement a second function of the link training. The LT control information is used to control the link training. The first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The control frame is a modified LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the modified LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the pseudo-random code sequence (PRBS) field of the modified LT frame.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The control frame is a combination of a modified LT frame and the next frame of the modified LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the modified LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the modified LT frame.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein The modified LT frame includes a first identifier, which is used to indicate that the next frame of the modified LT frame includes the first extended information.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The control frame is a modified AN frame. The first extended information includes the AN information. The AN information is located in the base page of the modified AN frame, and the information other than the AN information in the control frame is located in the next page of the modified AN frame.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The base page of the modified AN frame includes a second identifier, which is used to indicate the existence of the next page of the modified AN frame.

7. According to the method described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The control frame further includes second extended information, which is different from the first extended information.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, After the first device receives the control frame sent by the second device, the method further includes: The first device fills the control frame with reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame. The first device sends the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system. The updated control frame is used for the third device to execute the functions of the information included in the updated control frame.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different domain segments of the updated control frame.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same domain segment of the updated control frame, and the reference information is located after the first LT information and the first extended information.

11. According to the method described in any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that, The reference information of the first device includes information about the transmission channel of the first device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, There are multiple segments of a first channel between the first device and the second device. The first device executes the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information, including: The first device executes the function of the first LT information and the function of the first extended information in parallel for the multiple segments of the first channel.

13. According to the method described in any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The first device includes at least one of a linear drive pluggable optical LPO optical module, a semi - heavy timing module, a co - packaged optical CPO module, a near - packaged optical NPO module, an active electrical cable AEC module, an active copper cable ACC module, or a passive direct - attach cable DAC module.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein The LPO optical module, the CPO module, or the NPO module includes a micro - controller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing functional chip, and the method is applied to the micro - controller unit.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that The first device further includes a retimer.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The first function includes a basic function, and the second function includes other functions other than the first function.

17. A method for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that The method is applied to a second device included in a communication system, and the communication system further includes a first device. The method includes: The second device generates a control frame, which includes first link training LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement a first function of link training, where the link training refers to training control parameters of a link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of auto - negotiation AN information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for auto - negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement a second function of the link training, and the LT control information is used to control the link training. The second device sends the control frame to the first device.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein The second device generating a control frame includes: The second device fills the first LT information and the first extended information into a register. The second device reads the register and generates the control frame according to the read content.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The control frame is a modified LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the modified LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the pseudo - random code sequence PRBS field of the modified LT frame.

20. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that The control frame is a combination of a modified LT frame and the next frame of the modified LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the modified LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the modified LT frame.

21. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The control frame is a modified AN frame. The first extended information includes the AN information, and the AN information is located in the base page of the modified AN frame. Information other than the AN information in the control frame is located in the next page of the modified AN frame.

22. The method according to any one of claims 17-21, characterized in that, The second device includes at least one of a linear drive pluggable optical LPO optical module, a semi - heavy timing module, a co - packaged optical CPO module, a near - packaged optical NPO module, an active electrical cable AEC module, an active copper cable ACC module, or a passive direct - attach cable DAC module.

23. An apparatus for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that, The device is applied to a first device included in a communication system, and the communication system further includes a second device. The device includes: A receiving module, configured to receive a control frame sent by the second device, where the control frame includes first link training (LT) information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement a first function of link training, and the link training refers to training control parameters of a link between the first device and the second device. The first extended information includes at least one of auto-negotiation (AN) information, second LT information, or LT control information. The AN information includes parameters for auto-negotiation between the first device and the second device. The second LT information is used to implement a second function of the link training. The LT control information is used to control the link training; An execution module, configured to execute the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that, The control frame is a modified LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the modified LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the pseudo-random code sequence (PRBS) field of the modified LT frame.

25. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that, The control frame is a combination of a modified LT frame and the next frame of the modified LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the modified LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the modified LT frame.

26. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that, The modified LT frame includes a first identifier, which is used to indicate that the next frame of the modified LT frame includes the first extended information.

27. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that The control frame is a modified AN frame. The first extended information includes the AN information, and the AN information is located in the base page of the modified AN frame. The information other than the AN information in the control frame is located in the next page of the modified AN frame.

28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The base page of the modified AN frame includes a second identifier, which is used to indicate the existence of the next page of the modified AN frame.

29. The device according to any one of claims 23-28, characterized in that, The control frame further includes second extended information, which is different from the first extended information.

30. The device according to any one of claims 23-29, characterized in that, The device further includes: A filling module, configured to fill the control frame with reference information of the first device to obtain an updated control frame; A sending module, configured to send the updated control frame to a third device in the communication system, and the updated control frame is used for the third device to execute the functions of the information included in the updated control frame.

31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that, The reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in different domain segments of the updated control frame.

32. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that, The reference information, the first LT information, and the first extended information are located in the same domain segment of the updated control frame, and the reference information is located after the first LT information and the first extended information.

33. The device according to any one of claims 30-32, characterized in that, The reference information of the first device includes information about the transmission channel of the first device.

34. The device according to any one of claims 23-33, characterized in that, There are multiple segments of the first channel between the first device and the second device; The execution module is configured to execute the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information in parallel for the multiple segments of the first channel.

35. The device according to any one of claims 23-34, characterized in that, The first device includes at least one of a linear drive pluggable optical LPO optical module, a semi-duplex timing module, a co-packaged optical CPO module, a near-packaged optical NPO module, an active electrical cable AEC module, an active copper cable ACC module, or a passive direct attach cable DAC module.

36. The device according to claim 35, characterized in that, The LPO optical module, the CPO module, or the NPO module includes a microcontroller unit configured with a digital / analog signal processing function chip, and the method is applied to the microcontroller unit.

37. The device according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that, The first device further includes a retimer.

38. An apparatus for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that, The apparatus is applied to a second device included in a communication system, the communication system further includes a first device, and the apparatus includes: A generating module, configured to generate a control frame, the control frame includes first link training LT information and first extended information, the first LT information is used to implement a first function of link training, the link training refers to training control parameters of a link between the first device and the second device, the first extended information includes at least one of auto-negotiation AN information, second LT information, or LT control information, the AN information includes parameters for auto-negotiation between the first device and the second device, the second LT information is used to implement a second function of the link training, and the LT control information is used to control the link training; A sending module, configured to send the control frame to the first device.

39. The device according to claim 38, characterized in that, The generating module is configured to fill the first LT information and the first extended information into a register; read the register to generate the control frame.

40. The device according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that, The control frame is an improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control status field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in a pseudo-random code sequence PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

41. The device according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that, The control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and a next frame of the improved LT frame, the first LT information is located in a control status field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

42. The device according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that, The control frame is an improved AN frame, the first extended information includes the AN information, the AN information is located in a base page of the improved AN frame, and information other than the AN information in the control frame is located in a next page of the improved AN frame.

43. The device according to any one of claims 38 - 42, characterized in that, The second device includes at least one of a linear drive pluggable optical LPO optical module, a semi-duplex timing module, a co-packaged optical CPO module, a near-packaged optical NPO module, an active electrical cable AEC module, an active copper cable ACC module, or a passive direct attach cable DAC module.

44. A method for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first device included in a communication system, the communication system further includes a second device, the first device is located at a local device, and the second device is located at a peer device. The method includes: The first device receives a control frame sent by the second device, the control frame includes first link training LT information and first extended information, the first LT information is used to implement a function of link training, and the first extended information is used to implement a function between the local device and the peer device; The first device performs the functions of the first LT information and the first extended information.

45. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that, The control frame is an improved LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the pseudo-random code sequence PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

46. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that, The control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and the next frame of the improved LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

47. The method according to claim 44, wherein The control frame is an improved auto-negotiation AN frame. The first extended information includes the AN information, which is located in the base page of the improved AN frame, and the information other than the AN information in the control frame is located in the next page of the improved AN frame.

48. A method for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that, The method is applied to a second device included in a communication system. The communication system further includes a first device. The second device is located at the local device, and the first device is located at the peer device. The method includes: The second device generates a control frame, which includes first link training LT information and first extended information. The first LT information is used to implement the function of link training, and the first extended information is used to implement the function between the local device and the peer device. The second device sends the control frame to the first device.

49. The method according to claim 48, wherein The control frame is an improved LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the pseudo-random code sequence PRBS field of the improved LT frame.

50. The method according to claim 48, wherein The control frame is a combination of an improved LT frame and the next frame of the improved LT frame. The first LT information is located in the control status field of the improved LT frame, and the first extended information is located in the next frame of the improved LT frame.

51. The method according to claim 48, wherein The control frame is an improved auto-negotiation AN frame. The first extended information includes the AN information, which is located in the base page of the improved AN frame, and the information other than the AN information in the control frame is located in the next page of the improved AN frame.

52. An apparatus for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that, The apparatus is applied to a first device included in a communication system. The communication system further includes a second device. The apparatus includes: A receiving module, configured to perform the receiving step in the method for automatic parameter configuration according to any one of claims 44-47. An execution module, configured to perform the steps other than receiving in the method for automatic parameter configuration according to any one of claims 44-47.

53. An apparatus for automatic parameter configuration, characterized in that, The apparatus is applied to a second device included in a communication system. The communication system further includes a first device. The apparatus includes: A generating module, configured to perform the steps other than sending in the method for automatic parameter configuration according to any one of claims 48-51. A sending module, configured to perform the sending step in the method for automatic parameter configuration according to any one of claims 48-51.

54. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor and a receiver. The receiver is configured to receive a control frame, and the processor is configured to process the control frame so that the communication device implements the method for automatic parameter configuration according to any one of claims 1-16, 44-47.

55. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor and a transmitter. The processor is used to generate a control frame, and the transmitter is used to transmit the control frame so that the communication device implements the method for automatically configuring any one of the parameters recited in claims 17-22 and 48-51.

56. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes an interface circuit and a control circuit. The interface circuit is used to transmit and receive data, and the control circuit is used to process the data so that a device installed with the chip implements the method for automatically configuring any one of the parameters recited in claims 1-22 and 44-51.

57. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes a first device and a second device. The first device is used to implement the method for automatically configuring any one of the parameters recited in claims 1-16 and 44-47, and the second device is used to implement the method for automatically configuring any one of the parameters recited in claims 17-22 and 48-51.

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