Transmission resource allocation
The method and apparatus for A-IoT devices manage transmission resources using configured allocations and signaling protocols, addressing inefficiencies in A-IoT communication by adapting to device states, thus enhancing resource utilization and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/130645
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in optimizing transmission resource allocation for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, particularly in topologies where A-IoT devices have varying states (ON, OFF, SLEEP) and require efficient resource management across different communication scenarios.
Implementing a method and apparatus for A-IoT devices to receive and transmit information based on configured resources, including periodic allocations and state-based indications, using both layer 1 and higher-layer signaling to manage resource utilization effectively.
Enhances resource utilization and communication efficiency by adapting to the varying states of A-IoT devices, optimizing resource allocation and reducing power consumption.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024130645_04092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TRANSMISSION RESOURCE ALLOCATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to transmission resource allocation.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] A wireless communication system may include an A-IoT device, which has a lower capability in terms of complexity and power consumption. In this case, the wireless communication system may also be referred to as an A-IoT system. Multiple topologies, for example, Topologies 1 to 4, are supported for the A-IoT device. In Topology 1, the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a BS. In Topology 2, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the A-IoT device and a BS. In Topology 3, the A-IoT device communicates uidirectionally with a BS and communicates uidirectionally with an assisting node. In Topology 4, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with a UE. However, some transmission enhancements related to the A-IoT system, especially, enhancements on the transmission resource allocation associated with communication in the A-IoT system considering one or more of the above topologies, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support transmission resource allocation. With the apparatuses and methods, it is possible to improve the resource utilization.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a communication device. The communication device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the communication device to: receive, from a base station (BS) , a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmit, to the BS, the information based on the resource.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the communication device. The method comprises: receiving, from a base station (BS) , a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmitting, to the BS, the information based on the resource.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a base station (BS) , a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmit, to the BS, the information based on the resource.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the resource may be periodic.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the information may comprise an indication indicating that a communication cycle between the communication device and an A-IoT device is concluded. In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the configuration may comprise one of the following a time gap between a reference time and a time-domain location of the resource; a time-domain location of the resource; or a frequency-domain location of the resource. In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the time gap between the reference time and the time-domain location of the resource may be predefined. In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the reference time may comprise one of the following: a location of a time-domain resource for a first transmission from an A-IoT device to the communication device; a location of a time-domain resource for a second transmission from the A-IoT device to the communication device; a location of a time-domain resource for the configuration; or a location of a time-domain resource for a transmission from the communication device to the A-IoT device.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the information may comprise an indication associated with a state of an A-IoT device. Some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein may further include receiving, from the BS, an indication of a resource for a new inventory procedure or a remaining inventory procedure.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the information may comprise feedback indicating whether communication between the communication device and an A-IoT device is successful. Some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein may further include receiving, from the BS, an indication of a resource for a further communication attempt.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the information may comprise an indication indicating one of the following: a number of one or more successful transmissions of a plurality of transmissions from a plurality of A-IoT devices to the communication device; or a required time duration for a remaining inventory procedure.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the information may comprise an indication indicating one of the following: a time duration associated with charging time of an A-IoT device; a time duration associated with a state of the A-IoT device; a time duration associated with a type of the A-IoT device; or a type of the A-IoT device. In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, a location of the time duration may be associated with one of the following: a time-domain location of a resource for a first transmission from the A-IoT device to the communication device; or a time-domain location of the resource for transmitting the information. Some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein may further include receiving, from the BS, an indication of a resource for communication between the communication device and the A-IoT device, wherein a time-domain location of the resource for the communication is located subsequent to the time duration.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the information may comprise a request for a resource for a re-access procedure of an A-IoT device to the communication device. Some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein may further include receiving, from the BS, an indication of a resource for the re-access procedure.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein may further include receiving, from an A-IoT device, an indication of a state of the A-IoT device.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and the communication device described herein, the communication device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , or a repeater.
[0017] In some implementations, there is provided a base station (BS) . The BS comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the BS to: transmit, to a communication device, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and receive, from the communication device, the information based on the resource.
[0018] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the BS. The method comprises: transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and receiving, from the communication device, the information based on the resource.
[0019] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to a communication device, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and receive, from the communication device, the information based on the resource.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the resource may be periodic.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the information may comprise an indication indicating that a communication cycle between the communication device and an A-IoT device is concluded. Some implementations of the method and the BS described herein may further include determining, based on the indication, an unused resource of a set of resources allocated for communication between the communication and the A-IoT device; and releasing or reallocating the unused resource.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the configuration may comprise one of the following: a time gap between a reference time and a time-domain location of the resource; a time-domain location of the resource; or a frequency-domain location of the resource. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the time gap between the reference time and the time-domain location of the resource may be predefined.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the reference time may comprise one of the following: a location of a time-domain resource for a first transmission from an A-IoT device to the communication device; a location of a time-domain resource for a second transmission from the A-IoT device to the communication device; a location of a time-domain resource for the configuration; or a location of a time-domain resource for a transmission from the communication device to the A-IoT device.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the information may comprise an indication associated with a state of an A-IoT device. Some implementations of the method and the BS described herein may further include transmitting, to the communication device, an indication of a resource for a new inventory procedure or a remaining inventory procedure.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the information may comprise feedback indicating whether communication between the communication device and an A-IoT device is successful. Some implementations of the method and the BS described herein may further include transmitting, to the communication device, an indication of a resource for a further communication attempt.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the information may comprise an indication indicating one of the following: a number of one or more successful transmissions of a plurality of transmissions from a plurality of A-IoT devices to the communication device; or a required time duration for a remaining inventory procedure. Some implementations of the method and the BS described herein may further include determining, based on the indication, a residual resource of a set of resources allocated for communication between the communication and the plurality of A-IoT devices; and releasing or reallocating the residual resource.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the information may comprise an indication indicating one of the following: a time duration associated with charging time of an A-IoT device; a time duration associated with a state of the A-IoT device; a time duration associated with a type of the A-IoT device; or a type of the A-IoT device. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, a location of the time duration may be associated with one of the following: a time-domain location of a resource for a first transmission from the A-IoT device to the communication device; or a time-domain location of the resource for transmitting the information. Some implementations of the method and the BS described herein may further include transmitting, to the communication device, an indication of a resource for communication between the communication device and the A-IoT device, wherein a time-domain location of the resource for the communication is located subsequent to the time duration.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the information may comprise a request for a resource for a re-access procedure of an A-IoT device to the communication device. Some implementations of the method and the BS described herein may further include transmitting, to the communication device, an indication of a resource for the re-access procedure.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the communication device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , or a repeater.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 1B an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 1C illustrates another example of a wireless communications system associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIGS. 3A to 3H illustrate example communication processes in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0037] FIGS. 6 through 7 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0040] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0041] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0042] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0043] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0044] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0045] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with the same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0046] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0047] As used herein, the term “A-IoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the A-IoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The A-IoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , A-IoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0048] As used herein, the term “D2R transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by an A-IoT device and transmitted to a reader (such as a BS, an intermediate node, an assisting node, or a UE) . As used herein, the term “R2D transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by a reader and transmitted to an A-IoT device.
[0049] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0050] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0051] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0052] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0053] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0054] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0055] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0056] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0057] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0058] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0059] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0060] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0061] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0062] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0063] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0064] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0065] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0066] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0067] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0068] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0069] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0070] Reference is made to FIG. 1B to give an example illustration of the above Topology 2. As shown in FIG. 1B, in Topology 2, an A-IoT device 121 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 122 between the A-IoT device 121 and base station 123. In this topology, the intermediate node 122 may be a relay node, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node 122 transfers A-IoT data and / or signalling between the BS 123 and the A-IoT device 121.
[0071] The above communicate devices involved in Topology 2 with reference to FIG. 1B may be implemented by devices involved in the wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1A. For example, the BS 123 may be implemented by the network entity (such as base station) 102 in FIG. 1A. For example, the BS intermediate node 122 (when implemented by a UE) may be implemented by the UE 104 in FIG. 1A.
[0072] FIG. 1C illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 130 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1C, the wireless communications system 130 may involve a communication device 131 and a BS 132.
[0073] To transmit data and / or control information, the communication device 131 may perform communications with the BS 132. A link from the BS 132 to the communication device 131 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the communication device 131 to the BS 132 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . The communication device 131 and / or the BS 132 may communicate with one or more further devices not shown in FIG. 1C.
[0074] In some embodiments for Topoloty 2 with reference to FIG. 1B, the communication device 131 may be implemented by the intermediate node 122, and the BS 132 may be implemented by the BS 123. In this case, the communication device 131 may further communicate with one or more A-IoT devices not shown in FIG. 1C.
[0075] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1C is for illustration purposes only without suggesting any limitations. The communications system 130 may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0076] During the radio access network workgroup 1 (RAN1) #118bis meeting, an agreement was reached regarding the allocation of resources and / or the control of intermediate UE as follows:
[0077] For the topology 2, the following is captured in the TR 38.769:
[0078] For resource allocation and / or controlling of intermediate UE in topology 2 for R2D and D2R transmissions via the Uu interface between the BS and intermediate UE, the following two options have been studied:
[0079] - Option 1: Higher-layer signaling is used
[0080] - Option 2: L1 and higher-layer signaling are used
[0081] Moreover, in the context of discussions within the RAN and RAN1, three operational states for an A-IoT device have been identified, i.e., ON, OFF, and SLEEP. A related proposal is made as follows:
[0082] RAN workgroups (WGs) are directed to study energy harvesting impacts in the following way:
[0083] · Device 1 is assumed to have two states: ON, OFF
[0084] · Device 2a / 2b is assumed to have three states: ON, OFF, SLEEP
[0085] · Identify function (s) of the device that can be assumed supported and assumed not supported in each of the above device states, subject to:
[0086] · ON state supports at least: transmission, reception for communication
[0087] · OFF state does not support at least: transmission, reception for communication
[0088] · OFF state supports at least: energy harvesting
[0089] · SLEEP state supports at least:
[0090] · maintaining a memory content from ON state
[0091] · Maintaining a timer (RAN1 to discuss purpose (s) of timer)
[0092] · SLEEP state does not support at least: transmission
[0093] · No additional physical layer signals / channels specific to support of SLEEP are introduced
[0094] In view of the above, how to design a resource allocation and / or control mechanism for Topology 2, specifically for R2D and D2R transmissions, for example, considering layer 1 (L1) and higher-layer signaling protocols is still an open issue to be solved. In particular, there is a need for a resource allocation and / or control strategy, for example, taking different states of A-IoT devices, namely ON, OFF, and SLEEP, during the allocation process into account.
[0095] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution to resolve the above issue that occurred in the A-IoT communication system, and also in any other types of communication systems in which a similar issue occurs. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a communication device (for example, a relay, an IAB node, a UE, or a repeater) receives, from a BS, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to A-IoT communication. Moreover, the communication device transmits, to the BS, the information based on the resource.
[0096] By configuring the resource for transmitting the information related to A-IoT communication, this solution can facilitate efficient resource management. In this way, it is possible to improve the resource utilization and thus improve the communication performance efficiently.
[0097] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process flow 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1C. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 2, the BS 132 transmits (205) , to the communication device 131, a configuration of a resource (i.e., an uplink resource) for the communication device 131 to transmit information (also referred to as feedback, feedback information, or uplink feedback) related to A-IoT communication to the BS 132. On the basis of the configured resource, the communication device 131 transmits (210) the information to the BS 132. In some implementations, the BS 132 may (pre) configure a set of resources (for example, a set of time domain and / or frequency domain resources) for the A-IoT communication between the communication device 131 and one or more A-IoT devices, for example, such that there may be necessary resources allocated for the communication device 131 to communication with the one or more IoT devices. Moreover, the BS 132 may (pre) configure the above resource for reporting the information related to A-IoT communication from the communication device 131 to the BS 132.
[0099] In some embodiments, the resource for the A-IoT communication related information reporting may be (pre) configured to be periodic. Alternatively or additionally, the resource for the A-IoT communication related information reporting may be allocated in a trigger-based way. In this case, the resource may be triggered at a time interval (i.e., a certain time interval) . For example, the communication device 131 may request the resource for reporting by transmitting a request for the resource to the BS 132. This request may serve as a means to reserve or allocate a necessary resource (for example, a time domain and / or frequency resource) for the transmission of the above information related to A-IoT communication. Upon receiving the request, the BS 132 may process it according to a protocol (i.e., a predefined protocol) and allocate the corresponding resource, thereby facilitating the communication between the communication device 131 and the one or more A-IoT devices.
[0100] In some embodiments, the resource for the A-IoT communication related information reporting may be indicated in a variety of approaches. For example, the configuration may comprise a frequency-domain location of the resource. For example, the configuration may comprise a time-domain location of the resource. In this way, the time-domain resource for the A-IoT communication related information reporting may be indicated explicitly. As another example, the configuration may comprise a time gap between a reference time and a time-domain location of the resource to indicate the time-domain resource. In this way, the resource for the A-IoT communication related information reporting may be indicated implicitly. Alternatively or additionally, the time gap between the reference time and the time-domain location of the resource may be predefined. As an example implementation, the reference time may comprise one of a location of a time-domain resource for a first transmission from an A-IoT device to the communication device 131, a location of a time-domain resource for a second transmission from the A-IoT device to the communication device 131, a location of a time-domain resource for the configuration, or a location of a time-domain resource for a transmission from the communication device 131 to the A-IoT device. For example, the location of a resource may comprise a starting boundary and / or an ending boundary of the resource. As an example embodiment, the above first transmission may comprise a message 1 (Msg1) triggered by a message 0 (Msg0) (also referred to as an initial trigger message, or an A-IoT paging message) , where a 16-bit random identifier (ID) is transmitted in the Msg 1 to identify the A-IoT device. As an example embodiment, the above second transmission may comprise a message 3 (Msg3) scheduled by a message 2 (Msg2) , where a device ID of the A-IoT device is transmitted in the Msg 2. As an example embodiment, the above transmission from the communication device 131 to the A-IoT device may comprise the Msg0.
[0101] Considering different information reporting scenarios, the A-IoT communication related information reported from the communication device 131 to the BS 132 may be different, as will be discussed below.
[0102] In some embodiments, the reported information may comprise an indication indicating that a communication cycle between the communication device 131 and an A-IoT device is concluded. In this case, upon completion of a round of communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device, the communication device 131 may transmit such indication to the BS 132, and the indication transmission may serve as a signal to notify that the communication cycle is concluded, which may imply that any unused resource of a set of resources allocated for communication between the communication and the A-IoT device may be released or reallocated. On the network side, the BS 132 may determine, based on the received indication, an unused resource of a set of resources allocated for communication between the communication and the A-IoT device, and then release or reallocate the unused resource.
[0103] Reference is made to FIG. 3A to discuss an example communication process. As shown in FIG. 3A, a set of time domain resources are (pre) configured for the communication device 131 for A-IoT communication, comprising 24 slots. Additionally, 4 uplink resources are (pre) configured for uplink transmission for information reporting. The (pre) configured uplink resources may be periodic, i.e., the time interval between two adjacent uplink resources may be the same. It is to be understood that although the slots as shown in FIG. 3A are with the same duration, the duration of each slot may vary due to different transmission conditions. For example, in slot a, transmissions on resources 0 through 3 may be successfully transmitted, which may result in a longer duration for slot a compared to other slots such as the following slots b and c. For slot b, the A-IoT device may report its energy deficiency on resource 1, thereby preventing subsequent transmissions on the resources 2 and 3. For slot c, the A-IoT device may fail to receive the transmission on the resource 0, then there may be no subsequent transmissions (i.e., transmissions on the resources 1 through 3) attempted on slot c. Consequently, the durations of slots b and c may be shorter. In this case, the communication device 131 transmits an indication indicating that a communication cycle between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device is concluded on resource 6, such that the unused resources (the ones as indicated in dotted lines in FIG. 3A) allocated for the communication device 131 may be released or reallocated.
[0104] In some embodiments, the reported information may comprise an indication associated with a state of an A-IoT device. For example, the reported state of the A-IoT device may be determined based on an indication of the state of the A-IoT device received from the A-IoT device. For example, the A-IoT device may transmit, to the communication device 131, an indication encompassing its state information, such as SLEEP / OFF, or its energy state information (for example, its energy level) . For instance, when the A-IoT device transitions to the SLEEP / OFF state, or when the energy level of the A-IoT device is insufficient to maintain a subsequent communication (for example, receiving an R2D transmission and performing a D2R transmission) , the indication of the state of the A-IoT device may be transmitted in a D2R message (e.g., a Msg1, a Msg3, or a command response message) . Then, based on the indication of the state of the A-IoT device received from the A-IoT device, the communication device 131 may then transmit the indication associated with the state of the A-IoT device to the BS 132. For example, the indication associated with the state of the A-IoT device may represent the state of the A-IoT device. As an implementation, the indication associated with the state of the A-IoT device may comprise an indication that the A-IoT device has been set to SLEEP / OFF state, or an indication that the energy level of the A-IoT device is insufficient to maintain a subsequent communication, such that it is allowed indicate that the A-IoT device fails to finish the whole inventory procedure with the communication device 131. As another implementation, the indication associated with the state of the A-IoT device may comprise negative acknowledgement (NACK) (also referred to as a NACK indication or NACK feedback) , to indicate that the A-IoT device fails to finish the whole inventory procedure with the communication device 131. In some implementations, the indication associated with the state of the A-IoT may be conveyed via an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel to the BS 132.
[0105] After receiving the above indication associated with the state of the A-IoT device from the communication device 131, the BS 132 may determine a resource for subsequent communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device, and then transmit an indication of the determined resource to the communication device 131. For example, the BS 132 may allocate a resource for a new inventory procedure (or in other words, a new resource for the whole unfinished inventory procedure) or update a resource for the remaining inventory procedure. Alternatively or additionally, if the BS 132 fails to receive the above indication associated with the state of the A-IoT device, the BS 132 may determine that the previous resource allocation for the communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device may remain unchanged. In this way, by considering the state of the A-IoT device, it is allowed to ensure efficient resource management and signaling in accordance with the state of the A-IoT device and optimize the resource allocation.
[0106] Reference is made to FIGS. 3B to 3E now to discuss three example communication processes. As shown in FIGS. 3B to 3E, the BS 132 performs a transmission 5 to indicate a resource 6 for uplink feedback related to A-IoT communication. Moreover, the BS 132 allocates resources 0, 1, 2, and 3 for communication between the communication device 131 and an A-IoT device. Specifically, resources 0 and 2 are allocated for R2D transmissions, while resources 1 and 3 are reserved for D2R transmissions. The resource 1 may represent the time duration of one or more D2R transmissions from one or multiple A-IoT devices. Each D2R transmission may encompass an indication of state information, such as SLEEP / OFF, or energy state information of the A-IoT device. As shown, the resource 6 may be determined based on a time gap between a reference time and a time-domain location of the resource 6, and the reference time may be the ending boundary of the resource 1, and the time-domain location of the resource 6 may be the starting boundary of the resource 6. In other words, the time gap is the time interval between the ending boundary of the resource 1 and the starting boundary of the resource 6. Alternatively or additionally, the location of the resource 6 may be determined based on another time gap and a time-domain location of the resource of the transmission 5 or a time-domain location of the resource 0. The time gap may be explicitly indicated in the transmission 5 or (pre) defined.
[0107] For example, if no uplink feedback is transmitted on the resource 6, the communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device on resources 2 and 3 may be performed, and thus no resource adjustment with the help of the BS 132 is needed. As another example, if the BS 132 determines that the A-IoT device fails to finish the whole inventory procedure with the communication device 131 based on the uplink feedback transmitted on the resource 6, the communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device on resources 2 and 3 may be not be performed, as shown in FIG. 3C. As an implementation, when the BS 132 determines that the A-IoT device fails to finish the whole inventory procedure with the communication device 131 based on the indication (for example, NACK) received on the resource 6, the BS 132 may determine a resource for a new inventory procedure, and then transmit an indication of the determined resource to the communication device 131 via the transmission 5’ , as shown in FIG. 3D. As another implementation, when the BS 132 determines that the A-IoT device fails to finish the whole inventory procedure with the communication device 131 based on the indication (for example, some detailed information regarding the state of the A-IoT and / or the state associated time duration) received on the resource 6, the BS 132 may determine a resource for the remaining inventory procedure, and then transmit an indication of the determined resource to the communication device 131 via the transmission 5’ , as shown in FIG. 3E. In this case, the unused resources 2 and 3 may be re-scheduled by the BS 132 or used by the communication device 131 for communication with a further A-IoT device.
[0108] In some embodiments, the reported information may comprise feedback (also referred to as feedback information) indicating whether communication (such as the inventory procedure) between the communication device 131 and an A-IoT device is successful. For example, the feedback may comprise an acknowledgement (ACK) or a NACK. For example, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource may be indicated by downlink control information (DCI) for the communication device 131 to report ACK or NACK to the BS 132. The ACK may signify that the communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device has been successful. In this case, for example, if the ACK is reported, it may imply that the communication device 131 has successfully finished an indoor command or an indoor inventory service. Upon reception of the ACK, the BS 132 may not assign any resources for the communication device 131. Conversely, the NACK may indicate that the communication the communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device was unsuccessful. In this case, for example, if the NACK is reported, it may imply that the communication device 131 has not successfully finished the indoor command or the indoor inventory service and requests a resource for finishing the remaining service. In a case there is an unsuccessful communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device, the BS 132 may allocate a resource (i.e., a new resource) for a further communication attempt, and transmits an indication of the allocated resource to the communication device 131.
[0109] Reference is made to FIG. 3F to discuss another example communication process. As shown in FIG. 3F, the BS 132 performs a transmission 5 to indicate a resource 6 for uplink feedback indicating whether the communication between the communication device 131 and an A-IoT device is successful. Moreover, the BS 132 allocates resources 0, 1, 2, and 3 for communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device similarly as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 3B to 3E. The uplink feedback transmitted on the resource 6 corresponds to the D2R transmission on resource 3. As shown, the resource 6 may be determined based on a time gap between a reference time and a time-domain location of the resource 6, and the reference time may be the ending boundary of the resource 3, and the time-domain location of the resource 6 may be the starting boundary of the resource 6. Alternatively or additionally, the location of the resource 6 may be determined based on another time gap and a time-domain location of the resource of the transmission 5 or a time-domain location of the resource 0. The time gap may be explicitly indicated in the transmission 5 or (pre) defined.
[0110] In some embodiments, the resource allocated by the BS 132 to the communication device 131 may be used for communication between the communication device 131 and a plurality of A-IoT devices. The resource may be time-division multiplexed (TDMed) , frequency-division multiplexed (FDMed) , code-division multiplexed (CDMed) , or any combination thereof for the A-IoT communication. The selection of the multiplexing method may allow for efficient utilization of the available spectrum and adaptability to different communication environments. Thus, in some implementations, the reported information may comprise an indication indicating a number of one or more successful transmissions of a plurality of transmissions from the plurality of A-IoT devices to the communication device 131. Based on the reported information, the BS 132 may determine a required time duration for the remaining inventory procedure (s) with one or more of the plurality of A-IoT devices. This determination may allow the BS 132 to optimize the allocation of resources for subsequent transmissions. Alternatively or additionally, the reported information may comprise an indication indicating the required time duration for the remaining inventory procedure (s) with one or more of the plurality of A-IoT devices. According to the required time duration for the remaining inventory procedure (s) , the BS 132 may determine a residual resource of the set of resources allocated for communication between the communication and the plurality of A-IoT devices, and may release or reallocate the residual resource. In this case, once the required time duration has elapsed, any residual resources that were allocated for the communication between the communication and the plurality of A-IoT devices may be released or marked as unused, thereby making them available for reallocation to other communication sessions or devices.
[0111] Reference is made to FIG. 3G to discuss a further example communication process. As shown in FIG. 3G, the resource 1 is allocated for the transmissions from multiple A-IoT devices. This resource 1 may be TDMed, FDMed, CDMed, or any combination thereof for the multiple A-IoT devices. The resource 6 is designated for feedback purposes. As an example, the resource 6 may be used to report the number of successful transmissions on the resource 1. Based on the feedback received on the resource 6, the BS 132 may determine the required time duration for the transmissions on the resources 2 and 3. Alternatively or additionally, the resource 6 may also be used to communicate the required time duration for the transmissions on the resources 2 and 3. Once the required time duration for the transmissions on the resources 2 and 3 has elapsed, any residual resources that were allocated for the transmissions on the resources 2 and 3 may be released or marked as unused, thereby making them available for reallocation to other communication sessions or devices.
[0112] In some embodiments where the communication device 131 receives the indication of a state of an A-IoT device (for example, state information, such as SLEEP / OFF, or energy state information) , for example, in a D2R message (e.g., a MSG1, a MSG3, or a command response message) when the A-IoT device transitions to the SLEEP / OFF state, or when the energy level of the A-IoT device is insufficient to maintain the subsequent communication (i.e., receiving an R2D transmission and performing a D2R transmission) , considering that for different types of devices, the required time (for example, discharging time) may be different, the reported information may be determined considering such information. For example, for an A-IoT device 1 (i.e., A-IoT device type 1) , the discharging time may be in the order of a few seconds, providing the A-IoT device 1 with adequate time to complete an inventory round, and for an A-IoT device 2 (i.e., A-IoT device type 2) , the discharging time may be in the order of milli seconds, which is too short a duration for the A-IoT device 2 to complete an entire inventory procedure. Once an A-IoT device becomes unavailable, the A-IoT device may not be available for tens or hundreds of seconds due to charging. An A-IoT device with failed attempts may take 10’s of seconds to be recharged to 100%.
[0113] With the above considerations, the reported information may comprise an indication indicating one of a time duration associated with the charging time of the A-IoT device, a time duration (for example, SLEEP / OFF time) associated with the state of the A-IoT device, a time duration associated with a type of the A-IoT device. As an implementation, if the indication of the state of the A-IoT device received from the A-IoT device signifies that the A-IoT device transitions to the SLEEP / OFF state, the reported information may be determined based on the duration of the SLEEP / OFF state of the A-IoT device (or the device type of the A-IoT device) , such as 500 milliseconds, 2000 milliseconds, 10 seconds, or 100 seconds. As another example implementation, if the indication of the state of the A-IoT device received from the A-IoT device indicates that the energy level of the A-IoT device is insufficient for further communication, the reported information may be determined based on the charging time required for the A-IoT device (or the device type of the A-IoT device) , such as 10 seconds or 100 seconds. Alternatively or additionally, the reported information may comprise the type of the A-IoT device. In this case, the BS 132 may determine the required time duration based on the type of the A-IoT device.
[0114] A location (for example, the starting location) of the time duration may be determined in a variety of approaches. As an example implementation, a location (for example, starting location) of the time duration may comprise a time-domain location (for example, ending location) of a resource for the first transmission (for example, Msg1) from the A-IoT device to the communication device 131. As another example implementation, a location (for example, starting location) of the time duration may comprise a time-domain location (for example, starting location) of the resource for transmitting the reported information. Reference is made to FIG. 3H to discuss a further example communication process. As shown in FIG. 3H, the time duration may be determined based on the location (i.e., the ending boundary) of the resource 1 (i.e., time duration 2 as shown) or the location (i.e., the starting boundary) of the resource 6 (i.e., time duration 1 as shown) .
[0115] The above information may be reported to the BS 132 via an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel. As an example, the reported information may be represented as a bit field to denote the unavailable time duration (for example, charging time) for the A-IoT device. As an example implementation, the reported information may use a 2-bit field, where the values ‘00’ , ‘01’ , ‘10’ , and ‘11’ may represent 500 milliseconds, 2000 milliseconds, 10 seconds, and 100 seconds, respectively. As another example, the reported information may comprise an ACK or a NACK, where the ACK may represent a 10-second duration, while the NACK may represent a 100-second duration.
[0116] After receiving the reported information, the BS 132 may determine a resource for communication between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device, and then transmit an indication of the determined resource to the communication device 131. The allocation of the resource may be determined based on the reported time duration or device type, ensuring that the resource is located subsequent to the time duration. As shown in FIG. 3H, the location of the resource 0’ is located subsequent to the time duration 1 or 2.
[0117] In some embodiments, the reported information may comprise a request for a resource for a re-access procedure of an A-IoT device to the communication device 131. The BS 132 may determine a resource for the re-access procedure, and then transmit an indication of the determined resource to the communication device 131. This request is integral to the process of managing communication resources between the communication device 131 and the A-IoT device (s) . The reporting of this request allows the BS 132 to be informed of the need for additional resource (s) , thereby facilitating the re-access procedure (s) . The determination of the resource for reporting has been described above, and for the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted. This consistency in the location of the resource for reporting the information related to A-IoT communication ensures that the BS 132 can reliably expect and process the re-access request at a predetermined point in the communication sequence. The specific location in the time domain of the resource for reporting may be configured or pre-defined as described above to avoid ambiguity and to ensure that the BS 132 can efficiently manage the allocation and reallocation of resources.
[0118] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2 to 3H, it is allowed to facilitate efficient resource management. In this way, it is possible to improve the resource utilization and thus improve the communication performance efficiently.
[0119] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a communication device 131 or a BS 132 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more other devices in the A-IoT system. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0120] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0121] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0122] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station (BS) , a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for transmitting, to the BS, the information based on the resource. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for receiving, from the communication device, the information based on the resource.
[0123] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0124] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0125] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 402. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0126] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0127] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0128] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0129] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0130] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0131] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0132] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0133] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0134] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0135] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0136] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station (BS) , a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for transmitting, to the BS, the information based on the resource. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for receiving, from the communication device, the information based on the resource.
[0137] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a communication device 131 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0138] At 610, the method may include receiving, from a base station (BS) , a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a communication device 131 as described with reference to FIG. 1C.
[0139] At 620, the method may include transmitting, to the BS, the information based on the resource. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a communication device 131 as described with reference to FIG. 1C.
[0140] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports transmission resource allocation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a BS 132 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0141] At 710, the method may include transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a BS 132 with reference to FIG. 1C.
[0142] At 720, the method may include receiving, from the communication device, the information based on the resource. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a BS 132 with reference to FIG. 1C.
[0143] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0144] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0145] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0146] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0147] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0148] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A communication device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the communication device to:receive, from a base station (BS) , a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; andtransmit, to the BS, the information based on the resource.2.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the information comprises an indication indicating that a communication cycle between the communication device and an A-IoT device is concluded.3.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the information comprises an indication associated with a state of an A-IoT device.4.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the information comprises feedback indicating whether communication between the communication device and an A-IoT device is successful.5.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the information comprises an indication indicating one of the following:a number of one or more successful transmissions of a plurality of transmissions from a plurality of A-IoT devices to the communication device; ora required time duration for a remaining inventory procedure.6.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the information comprises a request for a resource for a re-access procedure of an A-IoT device to the communication device.7.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the communication device to:receive, from an A-IoT device, an indication of a state of the A-IoT device.8.A base station (BS) comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the BS to:transmit, to a communication device, a configuration of a resource for the communication device to transmit information related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; andreceive, from the communication device, the information based on the resource.9.The BS of claim 8, wherein the resource is periodic.10.The BS of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the BS to:determine, based on the indication, an unused resource of a set of resources allocated for communication between the communication and the A-IoT device; andrelease or reallocate the unused resource.11.The BS of claim 8, wherein at least one of the following:the configuration comprises one of the following:a time gap between a reference time and a time-domain location of the resource;a time-domain location of the resource; ora frequency-domain location of the resource; orthe time gap between the reference time and the time-domain location of the resource is predefined.12.The BS of claim 11, wherein the reference time comprises one of the following:a location of a time-domain resource for a first transmission from an A-IoT device to the communication device;a location of a time-domain resource for a second transmission from the A-IoT device to the communication device;a location of a time-domain resource for the configuration; ora location of a time-domain resource for a transmission from the communication device to the A-IoT device.13.The BS of claim 8, wherein the information comprises an indication associated with a state of an A-IoT device.14.The BS of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the BS to:transmit, to the communication device, an indication of a resource for a new inventory procedure or a remaining inventory procedure.15.The BS of claim 8, wherein the information comprises an indication indicating one of the following:a number of one or more successful transmissions of a plurality of transmissions from a plurality of A-IoT devices to the communication device; ora required time duration for a remaining inventory procedure.16.The BS of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the BS to:determine, based on the indication, a residual resource of a set of resources allocated for communication between the communication and the plurality of A-IoT devices; andrelease or reallocate the residual resource.17.The BS of claim 8, wherein the information comprises an indication indicating one of the following:a time duration associated with charging time of an A-IoT device;a time duration associated with a state of the A-IoT device;a time duration associated with a type of the A-IoT device; ora type of the A-IoT device.18.The BS of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the BS to:transmit, to the communication device, an indication of a resource for communication between the communication device and the A-IoT device, wherein a time-domain location of the resource for the communication is located subsequent to the time duration.19.The BS of claim 8, wherein the information comprises a request for a resource for a re-access procedure of an A-IoT device to the communication device.20.The BS of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the BS to:transmit, to the communication device, an indication of a resource for the re-access procedure.
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