Apparatusses and methods for enhanced transmit power for parallel transmissions with power sharing

Abstract

An apparatus configured to: obtain information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determine at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation. An apparatus configured to: provide, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receive, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

Description

ENHANCED TRANSMIT POWER FOR PARALLEL TRANSMISSIONS WITH POWER SHARING TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The example and non-limiting embodiments relate generally to control of transmission power and, more particularly, to power control and / or configured maximum output power in the context of simultaneous (i.e. time overlapping) frequency domain multiplexed UL transmissions, for example carrier aggregation or dual connectivity. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is known, in UL signal transmission, to limit the total UE transmit power of all serving cells in a frequency range to be at or below a maximum transmission power value. SUMMARY

[0003] The following summary is merely intended to be illustrative. The summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0004] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: obtain information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determine at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0005] In accordance with one aspect, a method comprising: obtaining, with a user equipment, information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0006] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising means for: obtaining information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0007] In accordance with one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing obtaining, with a user equipment, of information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0008] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: provide, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receive, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0009] In accordance with one aspect, a method comprising: providing, to a user equipment with a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receiving, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0010] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising means for: providing, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receiving, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0011] In accordance with one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0012] According to some aspects, there is provided the subject matter of the independent claims. Some further aspects are defined in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The foregoing aspects and other features are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0014] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example system in which the example embodiments may be practiced;

[0015] FIG.2 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0016] FIG.3 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0017] FIG.4 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0018] FIG.5 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein; and

[0019] FIG.6 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The following abbreviations that may be found in the specification and / or the drawing figures are defined as follows: 3GPP third generation partnership project 5G fifth generation 5GC 5G core network 6G sixth generation ACK acknowledgement AMF access and mobility management function BPRE bits per resource element BPSK binary phase shift keying BWP bandwidth part CA carrier aggregationCC component carrier CE control element CORESET control resource set CP-OFDM cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiple access cRAN cloud radio access network CSI channel state information CU central unit DCI downlink control information DFT-s-OFDM discrete Fourier transform -spread orthogonal frequency division multiple access DL downlink DU distributed unit eNB (or eNodeB) evolved Node B (e.g., an LTE base station) EN-DC E-UTRA-NR dual connectivity en-gNB or En-gNB node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and acting as secondary node in EN-DC E-UTRA evolved universal terrestrial radio access, i.e., the LTE radio access technology FDM frequency division multiplex FR1 frequency range 1 gNB (or gNodeB) base station for 5G / NR, i.e., a node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GC HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request IE information element I / F interface L1 layer 1 LRR link recovery request LTE long term evolution MAC medium access control MCG master cell groupMCS modulation and coding scheme MME mobility management entity MPR maximum power reduction ng or NG new generation ng-eNB or NG-eNB new generation eNB NR new radio N / W or NW network OBO output backoff O-RAN open radio access network PA power amplifier PAPR peak-to-average power ratio PC power control PDCCH physical downlink control channel PDCP packet data convergence protocol PDSCH physical downlink shared channel PH power headroom PHY physical layer PRACH physical random access channel PSD power spectral density PUCCH physical uplink control channel PUSCH physical uplink shared channel QAM quadrature amplitude modulation QPSK quadrature phase shift keying RAN radio access network RB resource block RF radio frequency RLC radio link control RRC radio resource control RRH remote radio head RS reference signal RU radio unit Rx receiverSCG secondary cell group SDAP service data adaptation protocol SGW serving gateway SMF session management function SR scheduling request SRI sounding reference signal resource indicator SRS sounding reference signal SSB synchronization signal block TDD dime division duplex TPC transmit power-control Tx transmitter UCI uplink control information UE user equipment (e.g., a wireless, typically mobile device) UL uplink UPF user plane function VNR virtualized network function

[0021] Turning to FIG. 1, this figure shows a block diagram of one possible and non- limiting example in which the examples may be practiced. A user equipment (UE) 110, radio access network (RAN) node 170, and network element(s) 190 are illustrated. In the example of FIG.1, the user equipment (UE) 110 is in wireless communication with a wireless network 100. A UE is a wireless device that can access the wireless network 100. The UE 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130 interconnected through one or more buses 127. Each of the one or more transceivers 130 includes a receiver, Rx, 132 and a transmitter, Tx, 133. The one or more buses 127 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. A “circuit” may include dedicated hardware or hardware in association with software executable thereon. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The UE 110 includes a module 140, comprising one of or both parts 140- 1 and / or 140-2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 140 may beimplemented in hardware as module 140-1, such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 120. The module 140-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 140 may be implemented as module 140-2, which is implemented as computer program code 123 and is executed by the one or more processors 120. For instance, the one or more memories 125 and the computer program code 123 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 120, cause the user equipment 110 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. The UE 110 communicates with RAN node 170 via a wireless link 111.

[0022] The RAN node 170 in this example is a base station that provides access by wireless devices such as the UE 110 to the wireless network 100. The RAN node 170 may be, for example, a base station for 5G, also called New Radio (NR). In 5G, the RAN node 170 may be a NG-RAN node, which is defined as either a gNB or a ng-eNB. A gNB is a node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to a 5GC (such as, for example, the network element(s) 190). The ng-eNB is a node providing E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GC. The NG-RAN node may include multiple gNBs, which may also include a central unit (CU) (gNB-CU) 196 and distributed unit(s) (DUs) (gNB-DUs), of which DU 195 is shown. Note that the DU may include or be coupled to and control a radio unit (RU). The gNB-CU is a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU. The F1 interface is illustrated as reference 198, although reference 198 also illustrates a link between remote elements of the RAN node 170 and centralized elements of the RAN node 170, such as between the gNB-CU 196 and the gNB- DU 195. The gNB-DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-CU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface 198 connected with the gNB-CU. Note that the DU 195 is considered to include the transceiver 160, e.g., as part of a RU, but some examples of this may have the transceiver 160 as part of a separate RU, e.g., under control of and connected to the DU 195. The RAN node 170 may also be an eNB (evolved NodeB) base station, for LTE (long term evolution), or any other suitable base station, access point, access node, or node.

[0023] The RAN node 170 includes one or more processors 152, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces (N / W I / F(s)) 161, and one or more transceivers 160 interconnected through one or more buses 157. Each of the one or more transceivers 160 includes a receiver, Rx, 162 and a transmitter, Tx, 163. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The CU 196 may include the processor(s) 152, memories 155, and network interfaces 161. Note that the DU 195 may also contain its own memory / memories and processor(s), and / or other hardware, but these are not shown.

[0024] The RAN node 170 includes a module 150, comprising one of or both parts 150- 1 and / or 150-2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 150 may be implemented in hardware as module 150-1, such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 152. The module 150-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 150 may be implemented as module 150-2, which is implemented as computer program code 153 and is executed by the one or more processors 152. For instance, the one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153 are configured to, with the one or more processors 152, cause the RAN node 170 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. Note that the functionality of the module 150 may be distributed, such as being distributed between the DU 195 and the CU 196, or be implemented solely in the DU 195.

[0025] The one or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network such as via the links 176 and 131. Two or more gNBs 170 may communicate using, e.g., link 176. The link 176 may be wired or wireless or both and may implement, for example, an Xn interface for 5G, an X2 interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards.

[0026] The one or more buses 157 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, wireless channels, and the like. For example, the one or more transceivers 160 may be implemented as a remote radio head (RRH) 195 for LTE or a distributed unit (DU) 195 for gNB implementation for 5G, with the other elements of the RAN node 170 possibly being physically in a different location from the RRH / DU, and the one or more buses 157 could be implemented in part as, for example, fiberoptic cable or other suitable network connection to connect the other elements (e.g., a central unit (CU), gNB-CU) of the RAN node 170 to the RRH / DU 195. Reference 198 also indicates those suitable network link(s).

[0027] It is noted that description herein indicates that “cells” perform functions, but it should be clear that equipment which forms the cell will perform the functions. The cell makes up part of a base station. That is, there can be multiple cells per base station. For example, there could be three cells for a single carrier frequency and associated bandwidth, each cell covering one-third of a 360 degree area so that the single base station’s coverage area covers an approximate oval or circle. Furthermore, each cell can correspond to a single carrier and a base station may use multiple carriers. So if there are three 120 degree cells per carrier and two carriers, then the base station has a total of 6 cells.

[0028] The wireless network 100 may include a network element or elements 190 that may include core network functionality, and which provides connectivity via a link or links 181 with a further network, such as a telephone network and / or a data communications network (e.g., the Internet). Such core network functionality for 5G may include access and mobility management function(s) (AMF(s)) and / or user plane functions (UPF(s)) and / or session management function(s) (SMF(s)). Such core network functionality for LTE may include MME (Mobility Management Entity) / SGW (Serving Gateway) functionality. These are merely illustrative functions that may be supported by the network element(s) 190, and note that both 5G and LTE functions might be supported. The RAN node 170 is coupled via a link 131 to a network element 190. The link 131 may be implemented as, e.g., an NG interface for 5G, or an S1 interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards. The network element 190 includes one or more processors 175, one or more memories 171, and one or more network interfaces (N / W I / F(s)) 180, interconnected through one or more buses 185. The one or more memories 171 include computer program code 173. The one or more memories 171 and the computer program code 173 are configured to, with the one or more processors 175, cause the network element 190 to perform one or more operations.

[0029] The wireless network 100 may implement network virtualization, which is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, software-based administrative entity, a virtual network. Network virtualizationinvolves platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either external, combining many networks, or parts of networks, into a virtual unit, or internal, providing network-like functionality to software containers on a single system. For example, a network may be deployed in a tele cloud, with virtualized network functions (VNF) running on, for example, data center servers. For example, network core functions and / or radio access network(s) (e.g. CloudRAN, O-RAN, edge cloud) may be virtualized. Note that the virtualized entities that result from the network virtualization are still implemented, at some level, using hardware such as processors 152 or 175 and memories 155 and 171, and also such virtualized entities create technical effects.

[0030] It may also be noted that operations of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out by a plurality of cooperating devices (e.g. cRAN).

[0031] The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be means for performing storage functions. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be means for performing functions, such as controlling the UE 110, RAN node 170, and other functions as described herein.

[0032] In general, the various example embodiments of the user equipment 110 can include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones such as smart phones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities, Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, tablets withwireless communication capabilities, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.

[0033] Having thus introduced one suitable but non-limiting technical context for the practice of the example embodiments of the present disclosure, example embodiments will now be described with greater specificity.

[0034] Features as described herein may generally relate to uplink power control (PC) and / or configured maximum output power. The major objectives of UL power control are to limit both the inter-cell and intra-cell interference, and to minimize the potential of unsuccessful (e.g. incorrect) decoding at the receiver for a configured UL transmission. NR physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) power control is essentially based on a combination of:

[0035] - Open-loop power control, including support for fractional path-loss compensation, where the UE estimates the UL path-loss based on DL measurements and sets the transmit power accordingly; and

[0036] - Closed-loop power control based on explicit transmit power-control (TPC) commands provided by the network.

[0037] The UE may determine the PUSCH transmission power based on the procedures described in Sec.7.1 of TS 38.213. In summary, the UE may be indicated, or may determine, closed-loop parameters (e.g. closed-loop index, TPC command) and open-loop parameters (e.g. pathloss reference RS, p0, alpha). The TPC command may be carried in the downlink control information (DCI) scheduling the PUSCH transmission. Also, the TPC command (and corresponding closed-loop index) may be carried jointly to multiple UEs by means of group- common DCI using DCI format 2-2 (as described in Sec.7.3.1.3.3 of TS 38.212).

[0038] Some of the main power control parameters that the PUSCH transmission power may depend on are: closed-loop index (also known as PC adjustment state); TPC command (fb,f,c, absolute or accumulative TPC command); pathloss reference signal (RS); p0 (also denoted as P0_UE_PUSCH); alpha (for partial or full path-loss compensation); and / or DELTA_TF (i.e., ∆(TF,b,f,c)(i)), also sometimes referred to as power adjustment component (this term essentially models how the required received power varies when the number of informationbits per resource elements (BPRE) changes due to different modulation schemes and channel- coding rates).

[0039] Specifically, the PUSCH power may be determined based on the following, as stated in TS 38.213: “…If a UE transmits a PUSCH on active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c using parameter set configuration with index j and PUSCH power control adjustment state with index l, the UE determines the PUSCH transmission power ^^^^^^,^,^,^(^, ^, ^^ , ^)in PUSCH transmission occasion i as ^^^^^^,^,^,^(^, ^, ^^ , ^)(^, ^)

[0040] Sounding reference signal (SRS) power control is somewhat similar to PUSCH power control. Specifically, the SRS transmission power may be determined based on the following, as stated in TS 38.213: “…If a UE transmits SRS based on a configuration by SRS-ResourceSet on active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c using SRS power control adjustment state with index l, the UE determines the SRS transmission power ^^,^,^,^,^(^, ^^, ^) in SRStransmission occasion i as ^^,^,^,^,^(^, ^^, ^) =^)

[0041] where:

[0042] -^CMAX,^,^(^) is the UE configured maximum output power for carrier 4 of serving cell 8 in SRS transmission occasion ^

[0043] -^O_SRS,^,^,^(^6) is the nominal TX power provided by p0for active UL BWP 9 of carrier 4 of serving cell 8 and SRS resource set qs provided by SRS-ResourceSet and SRS- ResourceSetId

[0044] -+SRS,^,^,^(^) is the SRS bandwidth expressed in the number of resource blocks for SRS transmission occasion ^ on active UL BWP 9 of carrier 4 of serving cell 8 and : is a subcarrier spacing (SCS) configuration

[0045] - / SRS,^,^,^(^6) the fractional power control factor is provided by alpha for active UL BWP 9 of carrier 4 of serving cell 8 and SRS resource set ^s

[0046] -^0^,^,^(^^) is the downlink pathloss estimate in dB calculated by the UE using RS resource index qdfor the active DL BWP of serving cell 8 and SRS resource set ^s. The RS resource index ^dis provided by pathlossReferenceRS associated with the SRS resource set ^sand is either an ssb-Index providing a SS / PBCH block index or a csi-RS-Index providing a CSI- RS resource index

[0047] -ℎ^,^,^(^, ^) is the closed-loop SRS power control adjustment state for active ULBWP b of carrier f of serving cell c and SRS transmission occasion i

[0048] The physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission power may be determined based on the following, as stated in TS 38.213: “…If a UE transmits a PUCCH on active UL BWP b of carrier f in the primary cell c using PUCCH power control adjustment state with index l, the UE determines the PUCCH transmission power ^^^^^^,^,^,^(^, ^;, ^^, ^) in PUCCH transmissionoccasion i as^^^^^^,^,^,^(^, ^;, ^^, ^) =^^^^^,^,^(^),^^^ ^^^_^^^^^,^,^,^(^;) + (^, ^)[dBm]…”

[0049] Note that PL refers to the pathloss component / parameter, and is defined in TS 38.213 as follows:“…^0^,^,^(^^) = referenceSignalPower – higher layer filtered RSRP, where referenceSignalPower is provided by higher layers and RSRP is defined in [7, TS 38.215] for the reference serving cell and the higher layer filter configuration provided by QuantityConfig is defined in [12, TS 38.331] for the reference serving cell…”

[0050] Features as described herein may generally relate to prioritizations for transmission power reductions. In the existing specifications, the procedure for prioritization for transmission power reductions concerns parallel UL transmission on different (serving) cells, such as in case of carrier aggregation or dual connectivity, and is defined as follows: “…For single cell operation with two uplink carriers or for operation with carrier aggregation, if a total UE transmit power for PUSCH or PUCCH or PRACH or SRS transmissions on serving cells in a frequency range in a respective transmission occasion i would exceed ^>?@AB(^), where ^>?@AB(^) is the linear value of ^?@AB(^) in transmission occasion i as defined in [8-1, TS 38.101-1] for FR1 and [8-2, TS38.101- 2] for FR2, the UE allocates power to PUSCH / PUCCH / PRACH / SRS transmissions according to the following priority order (in descending order) so that the total UE transmit power for transmissions on serving cells in the frequency range is smaller than or equal to ^>?@AB(^) for that frequency range in every symbol of transmission occasion i. For the purpose of power allocation in this clause, if a UE is provided UCI- MuxWithDifferentPriority and the UE multiplexes HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH, a priority index of the PUSCH is the larger of (a) the priority index of the PUSCH prior to multiplexing the HARQ-ACK information and (b) the larger priority index of the HARQ-ACK information. When determining a total transmit power for serving cells in a frequency range in a symbol of transmission occasion i, the UE does not include power for transmissions starting after the symbol of transmission occasion i. The total UE transmit power in a symbol of a slot is defined as the sum of the linear values of UE transmit powers for PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and SRS in the symbol of the slot. - PRACH transmission on the Pcell - PUCCH or PUSCH transmissions with larger priority index- For PUCCH or PUSCH transmissions with same priority index - PUCCH transmission with HARQ-ACK information, and / or SR, and / or LRR, or PUSCH transmission with HARQ-ACK information of the priority index - PUCCH transmission with CSI or PUSCH transmission with CSI - PUSCH transmission without HARQ-ACK information of the priority index or CSI and, for Type-2 random access procedure, PUSCH transmission on the Pcell - SRS transmission, with aperiodic SRS having higher priority than semi- persistent and / or periodic SRS, or PRACH transmission on a serving cell other than the Pcell In case of same priority order and for operation with carrier aggregation, the UE prioritizes power allocation for transmissions on the primary cell of the MCG or the SCG over transmissions on a secondary cell. In case of same priority order and for operation with two UL carriers, the UE prioritizes power allocation for transmissions on the carrier where the UE is configured to transmit PUCCH. If PUCCH is not configured for any of the two UL carriers, the UE prioritizes power allocation for transmissions on the non-supplementary UL carrier…”

[0051] The UE maximum configured power may depend on the maximum power reduction (MPR), which is defined in 38.101 section 6.2.2 in general (e.g., single UL or single carrier per PA), 6.2A.2 for intra-band contiguous / non-contiguous CA and inter-band CA.

[0052] An example of an MPR table for the general case (e.g. single carrier or UL transmission) according to Section 6.2.2, 38.101-1 (Table 6.2.2-1 Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 3) is reproduced as TABLE 1:Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB allocations Outer RB allocations Inner RB allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 BPSK ≤ 3.51≤ 1.21≤ 0.21OFDM ≤ 0.52,3≤ 0.5202,4Pi / 2 BPSK w ≤ 0.52,30202,4Pi / 2 BPSK DMRS QPSK ≤ 1 0516 QAM ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM ≤ 2.5 256 QAM ≤ 4.5 CP- QPSK ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 256 QAM ≤ 6.5 NOTE 1: Applicable for UE operating in TDD mode with Pi / 2 BPSK modulation and UE indicates support for UE capability powerBoosting-pi2BPSK and if the IE powerBoostPi2BPSK is set to 1 and 40 % or less slots in radio frame are used for UL transmission for bands n40, n41, n77, n78 and n79. The reference power of 0 dB MPR is 26 dBm. NOTE 2: Applicable for conditions where note 1 does not apply. NOTE 3: For 3 MHz channel bandwidth the Pi / 2 BPSK edge allocation MPR is 1 dB NOTE 4: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost- ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 5: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] TABLE 1

[0053] Table 6.2.2-2 Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 2 is reproduced as TABLE 2:Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB allocations allocations allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 ≤ 3.5 ≤ 0.5 01OFDM BPSK QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 1 0216 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2.5 256 ≤ 4.5 QAM CP- QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 256 ≤ 6.5 QAM NOTE 1: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 2: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] TABLE 2

[0054] It may be noted that other MPR tables are included in 38-101-1, 38-101-2, and 38- 101-3.

[0055] 38.101 section 6.2A.2.1 discusses UE maximum output power reduction for intra- band contiguous carrier aggregation (CA) as follows: “…For intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation the allowed Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) for the maximum output power in 6.2A.1.1-1 with contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 6.2A.2.1-1 for UE power class 3 CA bandwidth classes B and C. The MPR with contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 6.2A.2.1-1a for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C when the signalling is absent for dualPA-Architecture IE, and for power class 2 CA bandwidth class C when the signalling is indicated for dualPA-Architecture IE. The MPR with contiguous RBallocation is specified in Table 6.2A.2.1-1b for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C with TxD supported. In case the modulation format or waveform type is different on different component carriers then the requirement is set by rules applied to the waveform type (DFT-s- OFDM or CP-OFDM) and modulation order used in the configuration with the largest MPR. Unless otherwise specified, pi / 2 BPSK in following MPR tables refers to both variants of pi / 2 BPSK referenced in 6.2.2 tables 6.2.2-1…”

[0056] Table 6.2A.2.1-1: Contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 3 is reproduced as TABLE 3: Modulation MPR for bandwidth class MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) C(dB) inner outer inner outer DFT-s- Pi / 2 1.0 3.5 2.5 7 OFDM BPSK QPSK 1.0 3.5 2.5 7 16QAM 1.5 3.5 2.5 7 64QAM 3.0 4.0 5 7 256QAM 5.5 6.0 7 7.5 CP- QPSK 2.0 4.0 3.5 8 OFDM 16QAM 2.5 4.0 3.5 8 64QAM 3.5 4.0 5 8 256QAM 6.5 6.5 7 8 TABLE 3

[0057] Table 6.2A.2.1-1a: Contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 is reproduced as TABLE 4:Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer1inner outer DFT-s- Pi / 2 2.0 4.012.5 7 OFDM BPSK QPSK 2.0 4.012.5 7 16QAM 2.5 4.012.5 7 64QAM 3.0 4.515 7 256QAM 5.5 6.0 7 7.5 CP- QPSK 2.5 5.013.5 8 OFDM 16QAM 3.0 5.013.5 8 64QAM 3.5 5.015 8 256QAM 6.5 6.5 7 8 NOTE 1: When 1 RB or 2 RB are allocated at the lower edge of lowest CC or upper edge of upper CC, MPR for outer is 5.5 dB. TABLE 4

[0058] Table 6.2A.2.1-1b: Contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 with dual Tx2 is reproduced as TABLE 5: Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer1inner outer DFT-s- Pi / 2 3.0 5.013.5 8 OFDM BPSK QPSK 3.0 5.013.5 8 16QAM 3.5 5.013.5 8 64QAM 4.0 5.516 8 256QAM 6.5 7.0 8 8.5 CP- QPSK 3.0 5.514.0 8.5 OFDM 16QAM 3.5 5.514.0 8.5 64QAM 4.0 5.515.5 8.5 256QAM 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 NOTE 1: When 1 RB or 2 RB are allocated at the lower edge of lowest CC or upper edge of upper CC, MPR for outer is 5.5 dB. NOTE 2: UE indicating TxD supported TABLE 5

[0059] 38.101 section 6.2A.2.1 also notes the following: “…For intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation the allowed Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) for the maximum output power in Table Table 6.2A.1.1-1 with non-contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 6.2A.2.1-2 for UE power class 3 CA bandwidth classes B and C. The MPR with non-contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 6.2A.2.1-3 for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C when the signalling is absent for dualPA-Architecture IE, and for power class 2 CA bandwidth classe C when the signalling is indicated for dualPA-Architecture IE. The MPR with non-contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 6.2A.2.1-4 for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C with TxD supported…”

[0060] Table 6.2A.2.1-2: non-contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 3 is reproduced as TABLE 6: Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer11Outer22inner Outer11Outer22DFT-s- Pi / 2 2 5.5 11.5 2.5 6 13 OFDM BPSK QPSK 2 5.5 2.5 6 16QAM 2.5 5.5 3 6 64QAM 4.5 6 5 6 256QAM 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 CP- QPSK 2.5 6.5 12 3.5 7 14 OFDM 16QAM 3 7 3.5 7 64QAM 5 7 5 7 256QAM 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 NOTE 1: Outer 1 MPR for Pi / 2 BPSK and QPSK is reduced by 2dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 2: Outer 2 MPR is reduced by 4.5dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz TABLE 6

[0061] Table 6.2A.2.1-3: non-contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 is reproduced as TABLE 7:Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer12Outer23Inner Outer12Outer23DFT-s- Pi / 2 316.5 13 317.5 13.5 OFDM BPSK QPSK 316.5 317.5 16QAM 316.5 317.5 64QAM 5 6.5 5 7.5 256QAM 6.5 7 6.5 7.5 CP- QPSK 3.517 14 3.518 14.5 OFDM 16QAM 3.517 3.518 64QAM 5 7 5 8 256QAM 7.5 7.5 7.5 8 NOTE 1: the allowed MPR is [4]dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth < [2MHz]. NOTE 2: Outer 1 MPR for Pi / 2 BPSK and QPSK is reduced by 2dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 3: Outer 2 MPR is reduced by 4.5dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz TABLE 7

[0062] Table 6.2A.2.1-4: non-contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 with dual Tx4reproduced as TABLE 8: Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer12Outer23Inner Outer12Outer23DFT-s- Pi / 2 417.5 14 418.5 14.5 OFDM BPSK QPSK 417.5 418.5 16QAM 417.5 418.5 64QAM 6 7.5 6 8.5 256QAM 7.5 8 7.5 8.5 CP- QPSK 4.518 15 4.519 15.5 OFDM 16QAM 4.518 4.519 64QAM 6 8 6 9 256QAM 8.5 8.5 8.5 9 NOTE 1: the allowed MPR is [4]dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth < [2MHz]. NOTE 2: Outer 1 MPR for Pi / 2 BPSK and QPSK is reduced by 2dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 3: Outer 2 MPR is reduced by 4.5dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 4: UE indicating TxD supported TABLE 8

[0063] 38.101 section 6.2A.2.2 describes UE maximum output power reduction for intra- band non-contiguous CA: “…6.2A.2.2.0 General For intra-band non-contiguous CA, the allowed Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) for the maximum output power is specified into 2 types: MPR to meet -30dBm / MHz and -13dBm / MHz…”

[0064] In summary, the MPR to meet -30dBm / MHz and -13dBm / MHz may be defined according to UE dualPA-Architecture, power class, and total bandwidth B for all CCs (i.e., B(MHz)) where MPR=M_A, and M_A range is between 6.5 dB and 19.5 dB, depending on the aforementioned parameters.

[0065] 38.101 section 6.2A.2.3 describes UE maximum output power reduction for Inter- band CA: “…For inter-band carrier aggregation with one uplink carrier assigned to one NR band, the requirements in subclause 6.2.2 apply. For inter-band carrier aggregation with two uplink contiguous carrier assigned to one NR band, the maximum output power reduction requirements for intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation in subclause 6.2A.2.1 apply for that band. For inter-band carrier aggregation with two uplink non-contiguous carrier assigned to one NR band, the maximum output power reduction requirements for intra-band non- contiguous carrier aggregation in subclause 6.2A.2.2 apply for that band. For inter-band carrier aggregation with uplink assigned to two NR bands, the requirements in clause 6.2.2 apply for each uplink component carrier. For combinations of intra-band and inter-band carrier aggregation with three uplink component carriers (up to two contiguously aggregated carriers per operating band), the maximum output power reduction requirements specified in subclause 6.2.2 apply for the NR band supporting one component carrier, and for the NR band supportingtwo contiguous component carriers the requirements specified in subclause 6.2A.2.1 apply.” … According to TS 38.101-1 section 6.2A.4Configured output power for CA, the following is applicable for intra-band contiguous / non-contiguous CA and inter-band CA: “For uplink carrier aggregation the UE is allowed to set its configured maximum output power PCMAX,c for serving cell c and its total configured maximum output power PCMAX.”…”

[0066] Features as described herein may generally relate to the MPR impact with power spectral density (PSD) or power imbalance among multiple (at least partially) simultaneous UL transmissions or component carriers (CC) (e.g. due to independent power control per CC in CA).

[0067] The MPR for the different CA cases (even for intra-band contiguous CA and contiguous resource block (RB) allocation) is higher than the single carrier case, and thus leading to a reduced maximum configured power in CA. This MPR impact may be seen even for the best CA case (i.e. most similar to single carrier UL) when using intra-band contiguous CA, inner contiguous RB allocation, same modulation order / waveform among the multiple transmissions, etc. (e.g. Table 6.2.2-1 vs Table 6.2A.2.1-1, and Table 6.2.2-2 vs Table 6.2A.2.1-1a in 38.101).

[0068] PSD imbalance or power variation among multiple frequency division multiplexed (FDM) UL transmission or CCs may have different impacts depending on the scenario (e.g. intra-band contiguous or non-contiguous or inter-band CA) and / or other parameters.

[0069] PSD imbalance among these simultaneous UL transmissions may have an important impact in contiguous intra-band CA, where this imbalance may be the main reason to increase MPR compared to single carrier MPR tables.

[0070] PSD imbalance may also have an impact in non-contiguous intra-band CA MPR, as shown in figure from [R4-126431], and it is clear that the non-contiguous frequency allocation is not the only reason for higher MPR in this case. Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrated is a graph showing all MPR masks compared for non-contiguous intra-band CA with 2 CCs [R4-126431]. As an example, according to FIG.2, a huge PSD imbalance or equal PSD produces the least MPR. For example, a (quasi-)equal PSD (210) may have a 2 dB difference in backoff compared to a 5 dB PSD offset (220) for 50 RB total allocations. A 10 dB offset (230) and a 20 dB offset (240) are also illustrated in FIG.2. It may be noted that a 20 dB PSD offset (240) or power variation among multiple UL transmissions may be a very rare case in real scenarios (i.e., path loss and power difference due to different modulation and coding scheme (MCS), transmit-power control (TPC), etc. may be much smaller than 20 dB).

[0071] One of the reasons for PSD imbalance is the different power control per cell. A UE may determine Pcmax,c for serving cell c and total Pcmax according to the required output backoff (OBO) that may account for a different power configuration per cell with the quasi- independent power control (i.e. worst case of PSD power imbalance). The quasi-independent power control per serving cell c may lead to substantially different power level per CC or simultaneous UL transmission, and thus a higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signal (e.g., even for pi / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) DFT-s-OFDM inner RB allocation where 0dB MPR is possible in a single carrier, it may be increased to several dBs in CA cases). A UE may need to consider the worst case of power variation or PSD imbalance among multiple transmissions, since the NW may set any power below Pcmax,f,c and thus the UE may need to apply a large enough backoff near the allowed MPR to account for such case(s). The maximum possible Pcmax,tot or minimum backoff (and Pcmax per CC) may depend on all simultaneous (e.g. overlapping) UL transmissions on the same power amplifier (PA).

[0072] Briefly, one of the reasons for higher MPR in multiple FDM-ed UL transmissions or CA is to account for PSD power imbalance among the multiple UL transmissions due to the different or quasi-independent power control per serving cell, as defined in current specifications.

[0073] Features as described herein may generally relate to minimizing the potential power reduction and dropping of at least one UL transmission in case of power sharing amongmultiple simultaneous UL transmissions (e.g., CA or FDM-ed UL temporally overlapping transmissions). Features as described herein may generally relate to enabling a higher transmit power and providing means to use a reduced backoff in such a scenario.

[0074] Referring now to FIG.3, illustrated are examples of contiguous intra-band CA or contiguous FDM-ed UL transmissions (e.g. simultaneous uplink transmissions to different cells). In the examples of FIG. 3, the UE may consider a large OBO near a max MPR to consider a significant power difference or PSD imbalance among multiple UL transmissions (e.g. CCs) with independent power control. At 310, the total configured maximum output power may be 21 dBm (Pcmax, tot). The configured maximum output power of an UL transmission to serving cell 1 (320) may be 14.13 dBm (Pcmax,f,c1), and the configured maximum output power of an UL transmission to serving cell 2 (330) may be 20 dBm (Pcmax,f,c2). The UL transmissions to serving cells 1 and 2 may be simultaneous FDM-ed UL transmissions. The required UL power for an UL transmission to serving cell 1 (320) (PPUSCH,b,f,c1) may exceed the configured maximum output power for serving cell 1. Accordingly, there may be a potential for significant power reduction or UL transmission dropping. It may be noted that, here, the UL transmit power=Pcmax,c and it is smaller than the required UL power due to minimum operation in the power control formulas. The UL transmit power, or the required UL power (equal in this example), for an UL transmission to serving cell 2 (330) may be at or near the configured maximum output power for serving cell 2.

[0075] At 340, the total configured maximum output power may be 21 dBm (Pcmax, tot). The configured maximum output power of an UL transmission to serving cell 1 (350) may be 18 dBm (Pcmax,f,c1), and the configured maximum output power of an UL transmission to serving cell 2 (360) may be 18 dBm (Pcmax,f,c2). The UL transmissions to serving cells 1 and 2 may be simultaneous FDM-ed UL transmissions. The UL transmit power, or the required UL power (equal in this example), for an UL transmission to serving cell 1 (350) may be below the configured maximum output power for serving cell 1. The required UL power for an UL transmission to serving cell 2 (360) (PPUSCH,b,f,c2) may exceed the configured maximum output power for serving cell 2. Accordingly, there may be a potential for significant power reduction or UL transmission dropping.

[0076] The UL transmit power may always be <= the maximum configured power (UL transmit / output power = min(Pcmax, required UL power) for all UL channels / signals, as shown in power control formulas above. The potential power reduction or potential UL dropping may only occur when required UL power > Pcmax, and the difference may be the power reduction value, if any.

[0077] Example embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the example of FIG.3; other configurations of component carriers or FDM-ed simultaneous UL transmissions may be possible, and different values for UL power, required UL power, and / or configured maximum output power may be possible. While the example of FIG. 3 illustrates contiguous FDM-ed UL transmissions to different cells, contiguous FDM-ed UL transmissions to a same cell are also possible.

[0078] In the present disclosure, the “power variation” may be understood as PSD variation or PSD imbalance. In the present disclosure, the “power threshold” may be understood as PSD threshold or PSD bound. In the present disclosure, Pcmax,f,c may refer to a configured maximum output power PCMAX,c for serving cell c. In the present disclosure, Pcmax,tot may refer to a total configured maximum output power PCMAX among multiple UL transmission (e.g. to the same or different serving cells), for example as defined in the specifications.

[0079] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to scenarios in which at least two temporally overlapping UL transmissions are made / scheduled, for which the resource allocations may be multiplexed in the frequency domain (e.g. intra / inter-band CA or in general any FDM-ed simultaneous UL transmissions in same or different cells). Additionally or alternatively, example embodiment of the present disclosure may relate to scenarios in which at least two temporally overlapping UL transmissions are made / scheduled, for which the resource allocations may be multiplexed in the spatial domain.

[0080] In an example embodiment, a UE may determine Pcmax,tot by considering a constrained (e.g. predetermined) maximum power, or maximum PSD variation / difference / imbalance, among the multiple simultaneous UL transmissions, wherein the maximum allowed power or PSD variation among multiple transmissions (i.e., thedifference between the highest and lowest PSD of the simultaneous transmissions) may be below a threshold. The threshold may be indicated by the network (e.g. deltaP_Tx).

[0081] For example, the UE may determine Pcmax, tot=23 dBm where power or PSD variation / imbalance for simultaneous UL transmissions is upper bounded by deltaP_Tx (e.g., 1 dB). Alternatively, the UE may determine Pcmax,tot=21 dBm with a larger deltaP_Tx (e.g., 5 dB or infinity-> unconstrained PSD variation).

[0082] In an example embodiment, the UE may determine Pcmax for each UL transmission by considering the maximum allowed power variation (e.g. PSD variation or PSD imbalance) or PSD threshold. A Pcmax may be the same or different for different UL transmissions.

[0083] In an example embodiment, the UE may determine power for transmitting one of multiple simultaneous UL transmissions based on its respective configured maximum output Pcmax,f,c only, which may be determined based on the maximum PSD variation threshold.

[0084] In an example embodiment, the configured maximum power per UL transmission Pcmax,c may be deduced or selected by the UE based on the determined total configured maximum output power Pcmax,tot.

[0085] In an example embodiment, the configured maximum power per UL transmission Pcmax,c may be deduced or selected by the UE based on maximum PSD variation, for example if the threshold is violated, in order to determine an adjustment parameter (e.g. X further discussed below).

[0086] The transmit power for an UL transmission in serving cell c may always be upper bounded by its respective configured maximum output power (Pcmax,f,c). The linear sum of the maximum configured transmit power per serving cells (Pcmax,f,c)s may be <= total maximum configured power Pcmax,tot.

[0087] In an example embodiment, the UE may indicate the maximum supported, or maximum preferred, threshold for PSD variation / difference / imbalance (e.g. UEdeltaP_tx), or information indicative of such variation threshold. For example, such information may be indicated and / or transmitted through capability signaling. For example, the UE may supportor prefer a threshold for PSD variation / difference / imbalance that has the technical effect of increasing its Pcmax,tot.

[0088] In an example embodiment, the UE may determine Pcmax,tot based, at least partially, on UEdeltaP_tx (e.g. UE supported / preferred threshold for PSD variation / difference / imbalance) and / or deltaP_Tx (e.g. NW indicated threshold for PSD variation / difference / imbalance).

[0089] In an example embodiment, the NW may indicate the threshold for power or PSD variation / difference / imbalance deltaP_Tx (e.g., deltaP_Tx <=UEdeltaP_tx) for multiple transmissions. The NW may determine the threshold according to its scheduling plan / rule and / or UE situation.

[0090] For example, the NW may schedule / configure the different FDM-ed UL transmissions with this power / PSD constraint. A large PSD threshold may be indicated by the NW when the NW scheduler(s)’ plan for these UL is based on looser coordination and / or for UEs in good coverage (i.e., where the enhanced transmit power is less necessary, as there is less / no risk for power reduction or UL dropping). A smaller PSD threshold may be indicated for UE in poor coverage for at least one UL transmission and / or when NW is planning a tighter coordination among UL scheduler(s) (i.e., the MCS, TPC, or other parameters involved in UL power formulas of these simultaneous UL transmissions may be carefully selected to respect this PSD variation threshold constraint).

[0091] For example, if the UE is in good coverage, power headroom (PH) for all cells may be positive or above a threshold (i.e., all required P_PUSCH,f,c << Pcmax,f,c); the NW may determine large deltaP_Tx (e.g., infinity =unconstrained power or PSD variation) for more flexible scheduling. Alternative, if the UE is in poor coverage for at least one cell or for at least one UL transmission in the same cell, a smaller deltaP may be used to allow the UE to use a lower backoff OBO and reduce the potential power reduction or power dropping. In an example embodiment, DeltaP_Tx may be defined as a range within which that the power may be changed (i.e. [-deltaP_Tx_low, deltaP_Tx_high] that may be defined for all transmissions or per transmission).

[0092] In an example embodiment, the NW may consider the indicated deltaP_Tx threshold when scheduling the multiple UL transmissions. For example, the NW may use this threshold to limit / control the PAPR or MPR impact of the combined signals from multiple UL transmissions, and / or the in-band ripples for the combined signal. The maximum deltaP_Tx threshold may be configured by the NW. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may configure the UE with a reference (prioritized) cell(s) whose PCMAX,f,cmay be kept, or made higher, after MPR mitigation, i.e., power or PSD in the other cell(s) or UL transmission(s) may be changed to respect the power or PSD difference / variation / imbalance threshold and keep the same power on (prioritized) cell(s) or UL transmission(s). Additionally or alternatively, the NW may configure the UE with a priority list (with or without priority order) of cell(s) or UL transmission(s) whose PCMAX,f,c may be reduced / decreased or increased after MPR mitigation.

[0093] Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine the transmission power for at least one UL transmission by considering at least the indicated maximum power or PSD variation threshold. The UE may be allowed to adjust the power for at least one UL transmission to respect this threshold. The power control equations may account for an additional parameter X that the UE may set to a non-zero value (positive or negative) only if the power or PSD variation among multiple simultaneous UL is not satisfying (e.g. greater than or less than) the indicated threshold. In an example embodiment, this may be limited to a case where power reduction or UL dropping may arise.

[0094] In an example embodiment, the UE may determine the maximum power spectral density variation between multiple simultaneous UL transmissions based on a received deltaP_Tx. For example, the UE may determine a power adjustment for at least one UL transmission based, at least partially, on the received threshold for power spectral density variation (e.g. deltaP_Tx) and the determined maximum power spectral density variation (e.g. PSD variation). In an example, assuming same frequency allocation, the determined maxPSDvariation =6 dB and the received threshold=3dB, the UE may determine one power adjustment parameter X may be >=3dB added to the lowest UL power, or subtracted from the highest UL power, or the UE may determine X1 and X2 for the at least two UL transmission with any value combination leading the maxPSDvariation<=3dB.

[0095] In an example embodiment, the parameter X may be restricted within a range by the NW for all cells, or per cell. For example, in a primary cell or in higher priority UL transmissions, X may be constrained to be only positive to keep the link i.e. X>=0 dB. Otherwise, X may be allowed to be negative (e.g. to reduce MPR impact with PSD imbalance and achieve higher transmit power for higher priority or Pcell UL transmission(s)).

[0096] Additionally or alternatively, the UE may indicate, to a network, a gap size(s) between RBs clusters and / or the number of RBs in a clusters(s), which may provide an insight to the network for future resource scheduling if more power or PSD is needed.

[0097] In some example embodiments, the UE may be specified or configured to drop an UL transmission(s) if the power or PSD variation threshold condition could not be satisfied for this UL transmission(s) (e.g. condition unsatisfied, condition cannot be met, etc.).

[0098] In some example embodiments, the UE may indicate / signal to the gNB multiple power / PSD variation thresholds / ranges / intervals. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may also report information indicative of the MPR / MPR range that corresponds to each threshold / range / interval, or the individual or total Pcmax boost / offset (absolute value or range) that may be achieved through satisfying each threshold / range / interval.

[0099] Referring now to FIG. 4, illustrated are examples of intra-band contiguous CA cases. At 405, illustrated are examples of unconstrained and independent power control per cell. The UE may consider large OBO near max MPR to consider significant power difference among multiple UL transmissions (e.g. CCs) with independent power control. For example, OBO=MPR_CA=5 dB with example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0100] At 405, the total configured maximum output power PCMAX,tot, as defined in the specification, may be 21 dBm, illustrated with the lower dotted line. The uppermost dotted line, labeled PC, refers to the power class power, which is defined in the specs (PC323 dBm, PC226 dBm, etc.). The configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c1 for serving cell 1 (410) may be 14.13 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle. As the required UL transmit power of CC 1 (or of UL transmission 1) (illustrated in gray) exceeds the configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 1, there may be a potential for significant power reductionor UL transmission dropping. The configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 2 (415) may be 20 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle.

[0101] Alternatively, at 405, the configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 1 (420) may be 18 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle, and the configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 2 (425) may be 18 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle. As the required UL transmit power of component carrier 2 (illustrated in gray) exceeds the configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 2, there may be a potential for significant power reduction or UL transmission dropping.

[0102] It may be noted that, in the examples at 405 of FIG. 4, linear pcmax,tot <= the sum of linear pcmax,f,c1 and linear pcmax,f,c2 (i.e., sum of linear values).

[0103] At 430, illustrated are examples of constrained or coordinated power control among cells, for example according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The UE may consider smaller OBO near single carrier MPR according to example embodiments of the present disclosure (i.e. constrained power or PSD variation among multiple UL transmissions (e.g. CCs)). For example, OBO <= 3 dB (similar to MPR of single carrier) with example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0104] At 430, the total configured maximum output power PCMAX,tot may be 23 dBm, illustrated with the middle dotted line, instead of 21 dBm, as it was at 405 with unconstrained PSD variation. This increase in total configured maximum power in 430 compared to 405 may illustrate the potential gain with the constrained PSD variation / difference among multiple UL transmissions.

[0105] The configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 1 (435) may be 18.3 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle. The configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 2 (440) may be 21 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle. The transmit power for PPUSCH,b,f,c1, illustrated in gray, may be at least deltaP_tx below the transmit power for PPUSCH,b,f,c2, illustrated in gray.

[0106] Alternatively, the configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for serving cell 1 (445) may be 20 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle, and the configured maximum output power PCMAX,c for serving cell 2 (450) may be 20 dBm, illustrated with the rectangle. Thetransmit power for PPUSCH,b,f,c1, illustrated in gray, may be at least deltaP_tx below the transmit power for PPUSCH,b,f,c2, illustrated in gray.

[0107] It may be noted that the examples of FIG. 4 are not limiting. In the examples of FIG. 4, the RB allocation among the multiple UL transmissions or CCs may be the same or different. In this example figure, similar RB allocation is considered for simplicity, where the absolute power levels may be directly mapped to PSD imbalance. For different RB allocations, the PSD imbalance may be considered by scaling the configured power levels (e.g., P_PUSCH) by the corresponding frequency allocation, and the proposed indications may be based on PSD difference rather than absolute power level. In the examples of FIG. 4, PUSCH UL transmissions are considered, but the idea is applicable to different channels or any UL transmissions. It may also be noted that there may be a frequency gap (guard) among the multiple UL transmissions (e.g., similar to CA) or not (e.g., FDM-ed UL transmissions).

[0108] It may be noted that, in the example of FIG. 4, the multiple simultaneous FDM- ed UL transmissions are CCs for different serving cells (CA) in CA framework. However, this is not limiting; the multiple simultaneous FDM-ed UL transmissions may also be FDM-ed UL transmission in the same cell (e.g. multiple carrier single cell or multi-FDM-ed PUSCH, etc.).

[0109] A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to provide higher throughput and / or coverage for at least one UL transmission within a cell due to higher transmit power. A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to enable smaller or no power reduction with power sharing and prioritization, and less potential for dropping of at least one UL transmission. A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to provide better coverage in general due to higher total maximum transmit power by optimizing MPR. A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to provide better coverage for prioritized transmissions due to higher total maximum transmit power by optimizing MPR and prioritization mechanism.

[0110] FIG. 5 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 500. The example method 500 may include: obtaining information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, 510; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum powerspectral density variation, 520. The example method 500 may be performed, for example, with a UE.

[0111] FIG. 6 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 600. The example method 600 may include: providing, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation, 610; and receiving, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation, 620. The example method 600 may be performed, for example, with a network node, a base station, an eNB, a gNB, a network entity, a network function, etc.

[0112] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: obtain information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determine at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0113] The at least one configured maximum output power may comprise at least one of: a total configured maximum output power, a configured maximum output power for a first uplink transmission, or a configured maximum output power for a second uplink transmission.

[0114] The at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may be at least one of: multiplexed in a frequency domain, used in intra-band carrier aggregation, used in inter-band carrier aggregation, used in dual connectivity, used in a specific carrier aggregation mode, or frequency division multiplexed.

[0115] A difference between a highest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, and a lowest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, may be below a threshold.

[0116] The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine a transmit power for at least one uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the at least one configured maximum output power; and transmit, to a network node, the at least one uplink transmission based on the determined transmit power.

[0117] Determining the transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: determine at least one of: a transmit power, or a configured maximum power for respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, wherein the respective transmit powers or the respective configured maximum powers may be at least one of: a same value for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, or different values for the respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions.

[0118] The transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may be further determined based, at least partially, on a power control parameter in response to a power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions being more than the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0119] The power control parameter may be associated with one of: a plurality of cells, or a single cell.

[0120] The power control parameter may be a positive value.

[0121] The power control parameter may be within a range indicated from a network node.

[0122] The example apparatus may be further configured to: provide, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the apparatus supports or prefers.

[0123] Obtaining the information indicative of the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: receive, from a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and determine the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the received threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0124] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0125] The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from a network node, an indication of a prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0126] The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from a network node, a list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0127] The example apparatus may be further configured to: indicate, to a network node, at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0128] The example apparatus may be further configured to: drop an uplink transmission in response to a determination that the maximum power spectral density variation cannot be satisfied for the uplink transmission.

[0129] The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to a network node, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to the at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0130] In accordance with one aspect, an example method may be provided comprising: obtaining, with a user equipment, information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0131] The at least one configured maximum output power may comprise at least one of: a total configured maximum output power, a configured maximum output power for a first uplink transmission, or a configured maximum output power for a second uplink transmission.

[0132] The at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may be at least one of: multiplexed in a frequency domain, used in intra-band carrier aggregation, used in inter-band carrier aggregation, used in dual connectivity, used in a specific carrier aggregation mode, or frequency division multiplexed.

[0133] A difference between a highest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, and a lowest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, may be below a threshold.

[0134] The example method may further comprise: determining a transmit power for at least one uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the at least one configured maximum output power; and transmitting, to a network node, the at least one uplink transmission based on the determined transmit power.

[0135] The determining of the transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may comprise: determining at least one of: a transmit power, or a configured maximum power for respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, wherein the respective transmit powers or the respective configured maximum powers may be at least one of: a same value for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, or different values for the respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions.

[0136] The transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may be further determined based, at least partially, on a power control parameter in response to a power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions being more than the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0137] The power control parameter may be associated with one of: a plurality of cells, or a single cell.

[0138] The power control parameter may be a positive value.

[0139] The power control parameter may be within a range indicated from a network node.

[0140] The example method may further comprise: providing, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers.

[0141] The obtaining of the information indicative of the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may comprise: receiving, from a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and determining the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the received threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0142] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0143] The example method may further comprise: receiving, from a network node, an indication of a prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0144] The example method may further comprise: receiving, from a network node, a list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0145] The example method may further comprise: indicating, to a network node, at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0146] The example method may further comprise: dropping an uplink transmission in response to a determination that the maximum power spectral density variation cannot be satisfied for the uplink transmission.

[0147] The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to a network node, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximumvalues for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to the at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0148] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: circuitry configured to perform: obtaining information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and circuitry configured to perform: determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0149] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: obtain information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determine at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0150] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” or “means” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.” This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processorintegrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0151] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise means for: obtaining information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0152] The at least one configured maximum output power may comprise at least one of: a total configured maximum output power, a configured maximum output power for a first uplink transmission, or a configured maximum output power for a second uplink transmission.

[0153] The at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may be at least one of: multiplexed in a frequency domain, used in intra-band carrier aggregation, used in inter-band carrier aggregation, used in dual connectivity, used in a specific carrier aggregation mode, or frequency division multiplexed.

[0154] A difference between a highest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, and a lowest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, may be below a threshold.

[0155] The means may be further configured for: determining a transmit power for at least one uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the at least one configured maximum output power; and transmitting, to a network node, the at least one uplink transmission based on the determined transmit power.

[0156] The means configured for determining the transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may comprise means configured for: determining at least one of: a transmit power, or a configured maximum power for respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, wherein the respective transmit powers or the respective configured maximum powers may be at least one of: a same value for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, or different values for the respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions.

[0157] The transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may be further determined based, at least partially, on a power control parameter in response to a power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions being more than the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0158] The power control parameter may be associated with one of: a plurality of cells, or a single cell.

[0159] The power control parameter may be a positive value.

[0160] The power control parameter may be within a range indicated from a network node.

[0161] The means may be further configured for: providing, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the apparatus supports or prefers.

[0162] The means configured for obtaining the information indicative of the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may comprise means configured for: receiving, from a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and determining the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the received threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0163] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0164] The means may be further configured for: receiving, from a network node, an indication of a prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0165] The means may be further configured for: receiving, from a network node, a list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of theprioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0166] The means may be further configured for: indicating, to a network node, at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0167] The means may be further configured for: dropping an uplink transmission in response to a determination that the maximum power spectral density variation cannot be satisfied for the uplink transmission.

[0168] The means may be further configured for: transmitting, to a network node, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to the at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0169] A processor, memory, and / or example algorithms (which may be encoded as instructions, program, or code) may be provided as example means for providing or causing performance of operation.

[0170] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: cause obtaining, with a user equipment, of information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determine at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0171] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing obtaining, with a user equipment, of information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0172] The at least one configured maximum output power may comprise at least one of: a total configured maximum output power, a configured maximum output power for a first uplink transmission, or a configured maximum output power for a second uplink transmission.

[0173] The at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may be at least one of: multiplexed in a frequency domain, used in intra-band carrier aggregation, used in inter-band carrier aggregation, used in dual connectivity, used in a specific carrier aggregation mode, or frequency division multiplexed.

[0174] A difference between a highest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, and a lowest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, may be below a threshold.

[0175] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: determining a transmit power for at least one uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the at least one configured maximum output power; and causing transmitting, to a network node, of the at least one uplink transmission based on the determined transmit power.

[0176] The program instructions stored thereon for performing determining the transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may be further for performing: determining at least one of: a transmit power, or a configured maximum power for respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, wherein the respective transmit powers or the respective configured maximum powers may be at least one of: a same value for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, or different values for the respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions.

[0177] The transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may be further determined based, at least partially, on a power control parameter in response to a power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions being more than the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0178] The power control parameter may be associated with one of: a plurality of cells, or a single cell.

[0179] The power control parameter may be a positive value.

[0180] The power control parameter may be within a range indicated from a network node.

[0181] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: causing providing, via capability signaling, of an indication of a power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers.

[0182] The program instructions stored thereon for performing obtaining the information indicative of the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may be further for performing: receiving, from a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and determining the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the received threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0183] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0184] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: receiving, from a network node, an indication of a prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0185] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: receiving, from a network node, a list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0186] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: indicating, to a network node, at least oneof: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0187] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: dropping an uplink transmission in response to a determination that the maximum power spectral density variation cannot be satisfied for the uplink transmission.

[0188] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: transmitting, to a network node, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to the at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0189] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: causing obtaining, with a user equipment, of information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0190] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer- readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: causing obtaining, with a user equipment, of information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0191] A computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: causing obtaining, with a user equipment, ofinformation indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0192] A computer implemented system comprising: means for causing obtaining, with a user equipment, of information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and means for determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0193] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: provide, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receive, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0194] The example apparatus may be further configured to: obtain, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and schedule a plurality of uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers.

[0195] The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine a prioritized reference uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and transmit, to the user equipment, an indication of the prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0196] The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine a list of prioritized uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and transmit, to the user equipment, the list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0197] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0198] The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from a network node, an indication of a prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0199] The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from a network node, a list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0200] The example apparatus may be further configured to: indicate, to the a network node, at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0201] The example apparatus may be further configured to: drop an uplink transmission in response to a determination that the maximum power spectral density variation cannot be satisfied for the uplink transmission.

[0202] The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to a network node, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to the at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0203] In accordance with one aspect, an example method may be provided comprising: obtaining, with a user equipment, information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0204] The at least one configured maximum output power may comprise at least one of: a total configured maximum output power, a configured maximum output power for a first uplink transmission, or a configured maximum output power for a second uplink transmission.

[0205] The at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may be at least one of: multiplexed in a frequency domain, used in intra-band carrier aggregation, used in inter-band carrier aggregation, used in dual connectivity, used in a specific carrier aggregation mode, or frequency division multiplexed.

[0206] A difference between a highest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, and a lowest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, may be below a threshold.

[0207] The example method may further comprise: determining a transmit power for at least one uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the at least one configured maximum output power; and transmitting, to a network node, the at least one uplink transmission based on the determined transmit power.

[0208] The determining of the transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may comprise: determining at least one of: a transmit power, or a configured maximum power for respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, wherein the respective transmit powers or the respective configured maximum powers may be at least one of: a same value for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, or different values for the respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions.

[0209] The transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission may be further determined based, at least partially, on a power control parameter in response to a power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions being more than the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0210] The power control parameter may be associated with one of: a plurality of cells, or a single cell.

[0211] The power control parameter may be a positive value.

[0212] The power control parameter may be within a range indicated from a network node.

[0213] The example method may further comprise: providing, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers.

[0214] The obtaining of the information indicative of the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions may comprise: receiving, from a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and determining the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the received threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0215] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0216] The example method may further comprise: receiving, from a network node, an indication of a prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0217] The example method may further comprise: receiving, from a network node, a list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0218] The example method may further comprise: indicating, to a network node, at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0219] The example method may further comprise: dropping an uplink transmission in response to a determination that the maximum power spectral density variation cannot be satisfied for the uplink transmission.

[0220] The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to a network node, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to the at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0221] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: circuitry configured to perform: obtaining, with a user equipment, information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and circuitry configured to perform: determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

[0222] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: provide, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receive, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0223] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise means for: providing, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receiving, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0224] The means may be further configured for: obtaining, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and scheduling a plurality of uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers.

[0225] The means may be further configured for: determining a prioritized reference uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and transmitting, to the user equipment, an indication of theprioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0226] The means may be further configured for: determining a list of prioritized uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and transmitting, to the user equipment, the list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0227] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0228] The means may be further configured for: determining the threshold for power spectral density variation based, at least partially, on at least one of: a scheduling plan of the apparatus, a scheduling rule of the apparatus, or a coverage of the user equipment.

[0229] The means may be further configured for: receiving, from the user equipment, an indication of at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0230] The means may be further configured for: receiving, from the user equipment, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0231] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: cause providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and cause receiving, from the user equipment, of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0232] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0233] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: causing obtaining, via capability signaling, of an indication of a power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and scheduling a plurality of uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers.

[0234] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: determining a prioritized reference uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of an indication of the prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission may be configured to be maintained.

[0235] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: determining a list of prioritized uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of the list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list may be configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

[0236] The threshold for power spectral density variation may comprise at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

[0237] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: determining the threshold for powerspectral density variation based, at least partially, on at least one of: a scheduling plan of a network node, a scheduling rule of the network node, or a coverage of the user equipment.

[0238] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: causing receiving, from the user equipment, of an indication of at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

[0239] The example non-transitory computer-readable medium may further comprise program instructions stored thereon for performing: causing receiving, from the user equipment, of an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

[0240] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: causing providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0241] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer- readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: causing providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0242] A computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: causing providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and causing receiving, from the user equipment,of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0243] A computer implemented system comprising: means for causing providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and means for causing receiving, from the user equipment, of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

[0244] The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e. tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[0245] It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art. For example, features recited in the various dependent claims could be combined with each other in any suitable combination(s). In addition, features from different embodiments described above could be selectively combined into a new embodiment. Accordingly, the description is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modification and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: obtain information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determine at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one configured maximum output power comprises at least one of: a total configured maximum output power, a configured maximum output power for a first uplink transmission, or a configured maximum output power for a second uplink transmission.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions are at least one of: multiplexed in a frequency domain, used in intra-band carrier aggregation, used in inter-band carrier aggregation, used in dual connectivity, used in a specific carrier aggregation mode, orfrequency division multiplexed.

4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 3, wherein a difference between a highest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, and a lowest power spectral density for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, is below a threshold.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine a transmit power for at least one uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the at least one configured maximum output power; and transmit, to a network node, the at least one uplink transmission based on the determined transmit power.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein determining the transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission comprises the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine at least one of: a transmit power, or a configured maximum power for respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, wherein the respective transmit powers or the respective configured maximum powers are at least one of: a same value for the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions, or different values for the respective ones of the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 or 6, wherein the transmit power for the at least one uplink transmission is further determined based, at least partially, on a power control parameter in response to a power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions being more than the maximum power spectral density variation.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the power control parameter is associated with one of: a plurality of cells, or a single cell.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the power control parameter is a positive value.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 7 through 9, wherein the power control parameter is within a range indicated from a network node.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 10, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: provide, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the apparatus supports or prefers.

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 11, wherein obtaining the information indicative of the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions comprises the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; anddetermine the maximum power spectral density variation between the at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the received threshold for power spectral density variation.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the threshold for power spectral density variation comprises at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation, a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 13, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from a network node, an indication of a prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission is configured to be maintained.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 13, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from a network node, a list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list is configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

16. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 15, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: indicate, to a network node, at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

17. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 16, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: drop an uplink transmission in response to a determination that the maximum power spectral density variation cannot be satisfied for the uplink transmission.

18. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 through 17, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit, to a network node, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to the at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

19. A method comprising: obtaining, with a user equipment, information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; anddetermining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

20. An apparatus comprising means for: obtaining information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing obtaining, with a user equipment, of information indicative of a maximum power spectral density variation between at least two simultaneous uplink transmissions; and determining at least one configured maximum output power based, at least partially, on the maximum power spectral density variation.

22. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: provide, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receive, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to:obtain, via capability signaling, an indication of a power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and schedule a plurality of uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers.

24. The apparatus of claim 22 or 23, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine a prioritized reference uplink transmission based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and transmit, to the user equipment, an indication of the prioritized reference uplink transmission, wherein a transmit power associated with the prioritized reference uplink transmission is configured to be maintained.

25. The apparatus of claim 22 or 23, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine a list of prioritized uplink transmissions based, at least partially, on the power spectral density variation the user equipment supports or prefers; and transmit, to the user equipment, the list of prioritized uplink transmissions, wherein transmit power associated with at least one of the prioritized uplink transmissions of the list is configured to be one of: reduced, or increased.

26. The apparatus of any one of claims 22 through 25, wherein the threshold for power spectral density variation comprises at least one of: an upper threshold for power spectral density variation, a lower threshold for power spectral density variation,a threshold for a plurality of serving cells, a threshold for a single serving cell, or a threshold for a plurality of uplink transmissions.

27. The apparatus of any one of claims 22 through 26, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine the threshold for power spectral density variation based, at least partially, on at least one of: a scheduling plan of the apparatus, a scheduling rule of the apparatus, or a coverage of the user equipment.

28. The apparatus of any one of claims 22 through 27, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from the user equipment, an indication of at least one of: at least one gap size between resource block clusters, or a number of resource blocks in a resource block cluster.

29. The apparatus of any one of claims 22 through 28, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from the user equipment, an indication of at least one of: a plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation,at least one maximum power reduction associated with at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation, or at least one offset, to at least one configured maximum output power, associated with the at least one of the plurality of maximum values for power spectral density variation.

30. A method comprising: providing, to a user equipment with a network node, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receiving, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

31. An apparatus comprising means for: providing, to a user equipment, a threshold for power spectral density variation; and receiving, from the user equipment, at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing providing, to a user equipment, of a threshold for power spectral density variation; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of at least one uplink transmission with a transmit power based, at least partially, on the threshold for power spectral density variation.

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