Techniques for index splitting and combining
Index splitting and combining techniques in wireless communications systems reduce latency by allowing parallel encoding of sequences, addressing the inefficiencies in existing systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/084720
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face increased latency due to the processing time required for encoding sequences into single, global sequences.
Implement index splitting and combining techniques, where a wireless device determines a first and second quantity of candidate sequences, extracts indices from an initial index, and transmits separate sequences independently and in parallel, allowing for parallel encoding operations.
This approach reduces processing time and latency by enabling parallel encoding of bit sequences, improving efficiency in wireless communications.
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Figure CN2024084720_02102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNIQUES FOR INDEX SPLITTING AND COMBINING
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including techniques for index splitting and combining.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for index splitting and combining. Generally, the techniques described herein may define an index mapping scheme to support index splitting (e.g., at an encoder) and index combining (e.g., at a decoder) . For example, a wireless device (e.g., an encoder at the wireless device) may determine a first quantity (e.g., M) of first candidate sequences and a second quantity (e.g., N) of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence and each element within each second candidate sequence are from a first set of values (e.g., over an alphabet A) . Additionally, the wireless device may obtain an initial index (e.g., index x) comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits (e.g., initial bit sequence) to be communicated by the wireless device, where the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity (e.g., 0≤x<MN) .
[0005] The wireless device may extract a first index (e.g., index z1) and a second index (e.g., index z2) from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity (e.g., 0≤z1<M) and the second index is less than the second quantity (e.g., 0≤z2<N) . Additionally, the initial index may be a function of the first index and the second index (e.g., ) . The wireless device may determine a first sequence (e.g., sequence s1) from the first candidate sequences based on the first index. Similarly, the wireless device may determine a second sequence (e.g., sequence s2) from the second candidate sequences based on the second index. Each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence may be from the first set of values (e.g., over the alphabet A) . Thus, the wireless device may transmit a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence. For example, the wireless device may concatenate the first sequence and the second sequence to generate a concatenated sequence (e.g., sequence s) and may transmit a signal indicative of the concatenated sequence. In such cases, the concatenated sequence may be indicative of the initial sequence of bits.
[0006] A method for communications by a first device is described. The method may include determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, obtaining an initial index including a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, where the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity, extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index, determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values, and transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0007] A first device for communications is described. The first device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the first device to determine a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, obtain an initial index including a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, where the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity, extract a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index, determine a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values, and transmit a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0008] Another first device for communications is described. The first device may include means for determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, means for obtaining an initial index including a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, where the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity, means for extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index, means for determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values, and means for transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to determine a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, obtain an initial index including a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, where the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity, extract a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index, determine a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values, and transmit a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0010] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for concatenating the first sequence and the second sequence to generate a concatenated sequence, where the concatenated sequence may be indicative of the initial sequence of bits, and where transmitting the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence includes transmitting the concatenated sequence.
[0011] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for extracting the first index and the second index from the initial index may be based on applying an inverse of the function to the initial index.
[0012] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function may be based on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0013] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the initial index may be within a first range of values and the second index may be within a second range of values and the first range of values may be based on the second range of values.
[0014] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function may be equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.
[0015] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjMand an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, where a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the initial index being within the first range of values.
[0016] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.
[0017] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function may be equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0018] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0019] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first sequence and the second sequence may be determined independently and in parallel.
[0020] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity may be a K-bit number of a positive integer K, the K-bit number may be a product of a first number and a second number, and the first number may be associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number may be equal to 2 to the power of a third number.
[0021] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the initial index, the first index, and the second index may be non-negative.
[0022] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first device may be a base station or a UE based on the first device being for wireless communications.
[0023] A method for communications by a second device is described. The method may include receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index, and obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0024] A second device for communications is described. The second device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the second device to receive a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, determine a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, combine the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index, and obtain an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0025] Another second device for communications is described. The second device may include means for receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, means for determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, means for combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index, and means for obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0026] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values, determine a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, combine the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index, and obtain an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0027] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the signal indicative of a concatenated sequence, where the concatenated sequence may be based on the first sequence and the second sequence, and where the concatenated sequence may be indicative of the initial sequence of bits.
[0028] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function may be based on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0029] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined index may be within a first range of values and the second index may be within a second range of values and the first range of values may be based on the second range of values.
[0030] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function may be equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.
[0031] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, where a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, Nrepresents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the combined index being within the first range of values.
[0032] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.
[0033] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function may be equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0034] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0035] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first sequence and the second sequence may be determined independently and in parallel.
[0036] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity may be a K-bit number of a positive integer K, the K-bit number may be a product of a first number and a second number, and the first number may be associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number may be equal to 2 to the power of a third number.
[0037] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combined index, the first index, and the second index may be non-negative.
[0038] In some examples of the method, second devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second device may be a base station or a UE based on the second device being for wireless communications.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] FIGs. 1 and 2 show examples of wireless communications systems that support techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 3 shows examples of ranges that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a UE that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIGs. 10 and 11 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] A wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE) or a network entity, may encode a signal for transmission to another wireless device. For example, the wireless device may obtain a uniform sequence of bits for transmission and may encode the sequence (also referred to as a bit sequence) into a single, global sequence. However, encoding sequences (also referred to as bit sequences) into single, global sequences may result in increased latency due to processing time associated with encoding the sequences. Accordingly, techniques described herein may enable a wireless device to perform index splitting and encoding of an index representative of a sequence of bits to enable the wireless device to perform encoding operations (e.g., arithmetic coding for probabilistic shaping or data compression) in parallel, resulting in decreased latency.
[0048] The wireless device (e.g., an encoder at the wireless device) may determine a first quantity, M, of first candidate sequences and a second quantity, N, of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence and each element within each second candidate sequence are from a first set of values. In such cases, the first set of values may be associated with an alphabet, A. Additionally, the wireless device may obtain an index x comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, where the index x is less than a product of the first quantity, M, and the second quantity, N, (e.g., 0≤x<MN) . The wireless device may extract an index z1 and an index z2 from the index x, where the index z1 is less than the first quantity, M, (e.g., 0≤z1<M) and the index z2 is less than the second quantity, N (e.g., 0≤z2<N) . The index x may be a function of the index z1 and the index z2 (e.g., ) .
[0049] The wireless device may determine a sequence s1 from the first candidate sequences based on the index z1. Similarly, the wireless device may determine a sequence s2 from the second candidate sequences based on the index z2. In such cases, each element within the sequence s1 and each element within the sequence s2 may be from the first set of values. That is, each element within the sequence s1 and each element within the sequence s2 may be from the alphabet, A (also referred to as a “set, ” a “series, ” or a “group” ) . Additionally, as described previously, the wireless device may determine the sequence s1 and the sequence s2 independently and in parallel, reducing processing time of the initial sequence of bits. Thus, the wireless device may transmit a signal indicative of the sequence s1 and the sequence s2. For example, the wireless device may concatenate the sequence s1 and the sequence s2 to generate a sequence s (e.g., a concatenated sequence) and may transmit a signal indicative of the sequence s. In such cases, the sequence s may be indicative of the initial sequence of bits.
[0050] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of ranges and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to techniques for index splitting and combining.
[0051] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0052] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0053] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0054] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0055] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0056] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0057] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0058] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0059] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0060] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0061] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0062] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0063] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0064] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0065] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0066] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0067] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0068] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0069] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0070] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0071] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0072] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0074] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0075] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0076] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0077] In some cases, a positive integer z may be referred to as a K-bit integer (e.g., number) if z can be written in a form of z=a2L, where K is an integer such that K≥2, a is a K-bit unsigned integer such that a is either equal to 0 or a most significant bit (MSB) in a binary expansion of a is 1 (e.g., a may satisfy 0≤a≤ 2k-1) , and L is an integer such that L>-K. In some cases, if K1≥K2, then any K2-bit number may be represented (e.g., exactly) as a K1-bit number. For example, z=2503×224696 (e.g., a=2503 and L=24696) may be represented (e.g., viewed) as a 12-bit number.
[0078] In some cases, wireless devices of the wireless communications system, such as UEs 115, network entities 105, or both, may perform index splitting and encoding of an index representative of a sequence of bits to further enable the wireless devices to perform encoding operations (e.g., arithmetic coding for probabilistic shaping or data compression) in parallel, resulting in decreased latency. For example, the wireless device (e.g., an encoder at the wireless device) may determine a first quantity, M, of first candidate sequences and a second quantity, N, of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence and each element within each second candidate sequence are from a first set of values. In such cases, the first set of values may be associated with an alphabet, A. Additionally, the wireless device may obtain an index x, where the index x is a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits to be communicated by the wireless device. Additionally, the index x may be less than a product of the first quantity, M, and the second quantity, N, (e.g., 0≤x<MN) .
[0079] In the aspects described herein, for example, the wireless device may extract an index z1 and an index z2 from the index x, where the index z1 is less than the first quantity, M, (e.g., 0≤z1<M) and the index z2 is less than the second quantity, N (e.g., 0≤z2<N) . In some examples, the index x may be a function of the index z1 and the index z2 (e.g., ) . The wireless device may determine a sequence s1from the first candidate sequences based on the index z1. Similarly, the wireless device may determine a sequence s2 from the second candidate sequences based on the index z2. In such cases, each element within the sequence s1 and each element within the sequence s2 may be from the first set of values. That is, each element within the sequence s1 and each element within the sequence s2 may be from the alphabet, A. Thus, the wireless device may transmit a signal indicative of the sequence s1 and the sequence s2. For example, the wireless device may concatenate the the sequence s1 and the sequence s2 to generate a sequence s (e.g., a concatenated sequence) and may transmit a signal indicative of the sequence s. In such cases, the sequence s may be indicative of the initial sequence of bits.
[0080] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the wireless communications system 200 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include one or more UEs 115 (e.g., a UE 115-a) and one or more network entities 105 (e.g., a network entity 105-a) , which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0081] In some systems (e.g., wireless communications systems, computing system, storage system) , such as the wireless communications system 200, a wireless device, such as the network entity 105-a, may encode (e.g., at an encoder 205 of the network entity 105-a) a signal 215 for transmission to another wireless device, such as the UE 115-a. For example, the wireless device may obtain a uniform sequence (e.g., sequence of bits) for transmission and may encode the uniform sequence into a single, global sequence. However, encoding sequences into single, global sequences may result in increased latency due to processing time associated with encoding the sequences. Accordingly, techniques described herein may enable the wireless device, such as the network entity 105-a, to perform index splitting (e.g., and combining) to enable the network entity 105-a to perform encoding operations (e.g., arithmetic coding schemes for probabilistic shaping or data compression) in parallel, resulting in decreased latency.
[0082] For example, the encoder 205 at the network entity 105-a may determine a first quantity (e.g., number, amount) of first candidate sequences (e.g., bit sequences, symbol sequences) , M, over an alphabet, A, and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, N, over the alphabet, A. In other words, each element within each candidate sequence (e.g., within each of the M first candidate sequences and each of the N second candidate sequences) may be from a set of values defined by the alphabet, A. In such cases, the encoder 205 may not determine (e.g., know) the first candidate sequences and the second candidate sequences (e.g., the contents of the first candidate sequences and the second candidate sequences) , rather the encoder 205 may merely determine the quantities (e.g., M and N) of candidate sequences.
[0083] For example, the alphabet, A, of size m may be defined by A= {a1, a2, …, am} . In such cases, each element of the the alphabet may be referred to as a symbol. Further, each symbol, ai, may be associated with an energy, E (ai) , where energies associated with symbols of the the alphabet may be non-negative and mutually distinct. For example, (e.g., for ASK-8) , the alphabet may be of size 4 (e.g., m=4) and may be defined by A= {1, 3, 5, 7} . In such cases, a first symbol of the alphabet, a1=1, may be associated with an energy E (a1) =12, a second symbol of the alphabet, a2=3, may be associated with an energy E (a2) =32, a third symbol of the alphabet, a3=5, may be associated with an energy E (a3) =52, and a fourth symbol of the alphabet, a4=7, may be associated with an energy E (a4) =72. As such, a sequence over the alphabet A (e.g., can be used as a proxy for a sequence of symbols from the alphabet) may be an ordered tuple of elements, where each element of the sequence is from the alphabet A. In such cases, a length of the sequence may be equal to a total quantity of elements of the sequence. For example, a sequence, s, of a length equal to 10 over the alphabet A defined by = {1, 3, 5, 7} may be s= (1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7) .
[0084] In some examples, a composition of a sequence, s= (s1, s2, …, sn) , may be represented by k (s) = (k1 (s) , k2 (s) , …, km (s) ) where ki (s) may be a quantity of occurrences of a1∈A in the sequence s. Additionally, or alternatively, energy of the sequence, s= (s1, s2, …, sn) , may be represented by That is, E (s) may represent an accumulation of symbol energies along the sequence s.
[0085] In some cases, first candidate sequences counted by M (e.g., the M first candidate sequences) may be associated with a same (e.g., identical) length equal to n1, may be associated with a same energy equal to E1, or both. That is, for example, each first candidate sequence of the M first candidate sequences may have a respective length equal to n1 and a respective energy equal to E1. That is, the energy E1 may be associated with a condition on sequence energy that may result in (e.g., impose indirectly) a condition on what elements of sequences may be more frequently present than not. For example, the smaller the energy E1 is, the fewer high-energy symbols would be in the M first candidate sequences. Similarly, second candidate sequences counted by N (e.g., the N second candidate sequences) may be associated with a same (e.g., identical) length equal to n2, may be associated with a same energy equal to E2, or both. That is, for example, each second candidate sequence of the N second candidate sequences may have a respective length equal to n2 and a respective energy equal to E2.
[0086] Additionally, the encoder 205 may obtain an index x 215-a (e.g., initial index, combined index) , where the index x 215-a is numeric and represents an initial sequence of bits to be communicated (e.g., transmitted, output) by the network entity 105-a. In such cases, the initial sequence of bits may be represented by (u1, u2, …, uk) of length k, such that the index x may be an unsigned integer representation of the initial sequence of bits that satisfies In some examples, the index x 215-a may be non-negative and may be smaller than a multiplication (e.g., product) of M and N (e.g., 0≤x<MN) . Additionally, or alternatively, the quantities M and N may be associated with a finite precision, where at least one of M and N is a Ka-bit number of a positive integer Ka. That is, the Ka-bit number may be a product of a first number, having a binary expansion of length Ka, and a second number, in which the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number, which may be a positive integer (e.g., is of the form a2L) .
[0087] Further, the encoder 205 may split the index x 215-a into two indices, including an index z1 220-a (e.g., a first index z1) and an index z2 225-a (e.g., a second index z2) . That is, the encoder 205 may extract the index z1 220-a and the index z2 225-a from the index x 215-a. In such cases, the index x 215-a may be split based on an index mapping scheme through an invertible function such that index x 215-a may be written as a function of the index z1 220-a and the index z2 225-a. For example, index x215-a may be written as a function as described further with reference to FIG. 3. In such cases, the index z1 220-a may satisfy 0≤z1<M. That is, the index z1220-a may be non-negative and may be smaller than the first quantity, M, of first candidate sequences. Similarly, the index z2 225-a may satisfy 0≤z2<N. That is, the index z2 225-a may be non-negative and may be smaller than the second quantity, N, of second candidate sequences.
[0088] Additionally, the encoder 205 may determine a sequence s1 230-a (e.g., a first sequence s1, a subsequence s1) over the alphabet, A. That is, each element of the sequence s1 230-a may be associated with a value from the first set of values defined by the alphabet, A. In such cases, the sequence s1 230-a may be based on the index z1 220-a and may be determine from at least M first candidate sequences. Similarly, the encoder 205 may determine a sequence s2 235-a (e.g., a second sequence s2, a subsequence s2) over the alphabet, A. That is, each element of the sequence s2 235-a may be associated with a value from the first set of values defined by the alphabet, A. In such cases, the sequence s2 235-a may be based on the index z2 225-a and may be determined from at least N second candidate sequences. In such cases, the determination of the sequence s1 230-a and the sequence s2 235-a may be performed (e.g., by the encoder 205) independently and in parallel, thus reducing processing time (e.g., reducing latency) .
[0089] Thus, the network entity 105-a may transmit (e.g., to one or more receivers) a signal 215 indicative of the sequence s1 230-a and the sequence s2 235-a. In some cases, the encoder 205 may process the sequence s1 230-a and the sequence s2 235-a prior to transmission of the signal 215. For example, the encoder 205 may concatenate the sequence s1 230-a and the sequence s2 235-a to generate (e.g., form) a concatenated sequence s, such that the network entity 105-a may transmit the signal 215 indicative of the concatenated sequence s. In such cases, a length of the concatenated sequence s may be no smaller than a length of the sequence s1 230-a and a length of the sequence s2 235-a.
[0090] In other words, the index x 215-a may correspond to a sequence s satisfying one or more properties. For example, the sequence s may be associated with a length n and an energy less than or equal to E, where n is a positive integer and E is non-negative. Additionally, a prefix sequence of the sequence s may be associated with a length n1 and an energy E1, where n1 is a positive integer and E1 is non-negative. Further, a postfix sequence of sequence s may be associated with a length n-n1 and an energy E-E1. In other words, the sequence s may be represented by s= (s1, s2, s3, S4, …, …, sn-1, sn) where (s1, s2, s3, s4, …) may represent the prefix sequence and (…, sn-1, sn) may represent the postfix sequence.
[0091] As such, the encoder 205 may obtain (e.g., know) the index x 215-a and may attempt to find the sequence s that the index x 215-a corresponds to. To do so, the encoder 205 may split the index x 215-a into the index z1 220-a and the index z2 225-a. From a total of at least M first candidate sequences having length n1 and energy E1, the encoder 205 determines the prefix sequence, which may be referred to as the sequence s1, that index z1 220-a corresponds to (e.g., it encodes the index z1 220-a into the sequence s1 230-a) . Further, from a total of at least N second candidate sequences having length n-n1 and energy E-E1, the encoder 205 determines the postfix sequence, which may be referred to as the sequence s2 235-a, that the index z2 225-a corresponds to (e.g., it encodes the index z2 225-a into the sequence s2 235-a) . Thus, a concatenation of the sequence s1 230-a and the sequence s2 235-a produces the sequence s.
[0092] Continuing with the example described in the context of FIG. 2, the UE 115-a may receive the signal 215 and a decoder 210 at the UE 115-a may obtain the sequence s1 230-b (corresponding to the sequence s1 230-a) and the sequence s2 235-b b (corresponding to the sequence s2 235-a) . Additionally, the decoder 210 may determine the index z1 220-b (corresponding to the index z1 220-a) and the first quantity of first candidate sequences, M. In such cases, the determination of the index z1220-b may be based on the sequence s1 230-b and, as described previously, the index z1220-b may satisfy 0≤z1<M. Similarly, the decoder 210 may determine the index z2225-b (corresponding to the index z2 225-b) and the second quantity of second candidate sequences, N. In such cases, the determination of the index z2 225-b may be based on the sequence s2 235-b and, as described previously, the index z2 225-b may satisfy 0≤z2<N. Similar to the encoder 205, the decoder 210 may not determine (e.g., know) the first candidate sequences and the second candidate sequences (e.g., the contents of the first candidate sequences and the second candidate sequences) , rather the decoder 210 may merely determine the quantities (e.g., M and N) of candidate sequences. Similar to the encoder 205, the determination of the index z1 220-b and the index z2 225-b may be performed (e.g., by the decoder 210) in parallel and independently.
[0093] Additionally, the decoder 210 may combine the index z1 220-b and the index z2 225-b to construct the index x 215-b. In such cases, the combining may be based on the index mapping scheme through the invertible function That is, as described previously, the index x 215-b may be written as a function of the index z1 220-b and the index z2 225-b. For example, index x 215-b may be written as a function as described further with reference to FIG. 3. Thus, the UE 115-a may obtain the initial sequence of bits (e.g., communicated by the network entity 105-a) based on the index x215-b.
[0094] Though described in the context of the encoder 205 at the network entity 105-a and the decoder 210 at the UE 115-a, this is not to be regarded as a limitation of the present disclosure. In this regard, the encoder 205 may be located at (e.g., within) any type of wireless device and the decoder 210 may be at any located at (e.g., within) any type of wireless device. For example, the encoder 205 may be at the UE 115-a and the decoder 210 may be at the network entity 105-a.
[0095] FIG. 3 shows examples of ranges 300 (e.g., a range 300-a, a range 300-b, and a range 300-c) that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the ranges 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, or both. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include one or more UEs 115 and one or more network entities 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0096] As described previously, with reference to FIG. 2, an encoder of a wireless device may split an index x into two indices, including an index z1 and an index z2based on an index mapping scheme through an invertible function such that index xmay be written as a function of the index z1 and the index z2. For example, in some cases, the index x may be written as a function according to the following Equation 1:
[0097] where M may represent a first quantity of first candidate sequences, as described with reference to FIG. 2, Sj may represent a partial sum, and may represent a binary expansion associated with N, where N may represent a second quantity of second candidate sequences, as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0098] In such cases, as described previously, N may be associated with a finite precision. As such (e.g., due to the finite precision property of N) , N may be represented according to the following Equation 2:
[0099] where B and k may represent integer values. In such cases, ki may decrease for each value of B (e.g., the ki may be decreasing) and ki-kB may be bounded for each i. For example, N may be a Ka-bit integer of a positive integer Ka and may be written as (1. z) 22L where (1. z) 2 may be a binary fraction of Ka bits (e.g., 12 bits or 16 bits) and L may be a positive integer. As such, the partial sum Sj of N, where S0=0 may be represented according to the following Equation 3:
[0100] where j may be an integer (e.g., integer value, a type) between 1 and B. In such cases, for the index z1 and the index z2 where 0≤z1<M and 0≤z2<N, as described with reference to FIG. 2, j may be an integer such that Sj≤z2<Sj+1. Further, if the integer j satisfies Sj≤z2<Sj+1 then may satisfy In particular, if the integer j satisfies Sj≤z2<Sj+1 then (e.g., Indeed, may be verified for the integer j satisfying Sj≤z2<Sj+1 as follows:
[0101] Conversely, for the index z1 and the index z2 where 0≤z1<M (e.g., as depicted in the range 300-b) and 0≤z2<N, if the integer j satisfies then z2 may satisfy Sj≤z2<Sj+1 (e.g., as depicted in the range 300-b) . Thus, to split the index x into the index z1 and the index z2 based on the index mapping scheme in which the encoder of the device may determine the integer j such that SjM≤x<Sj+1m (e.g., as depicted by an interval 305-a within the range 300-a) . Further, for the determined j and the representation of N according to Equation 2, the encoder of the device may determine x-SjM (e.g., the encoder subtracts SjM from the index x) . In some cases, M may be of finite precision (e.g., M may be a Ka-bit integer of a positive integer Ka) such that the determination of SjM may be associated with (e.g., has) controlled bit resolutions and may be performed efficiently with low complexity (e.g., as compared to when M is not of finite precision) .
[0102] Additionally, the encoder of the device may extract z1 and z2-Sj directly from the subtraction of x-SjM. Thus, z1 may be determined based on the extraction. In such cases, the last kj+1 least-significant bits of x-SjM may determine z2-Sj and the rest of the higher-order bits of x-SjM may determine z1. In other words, a concatenation of and z2-Sj may equal x-SjM due to being greater than z2-Sj (e.g., ) based on the determination (e.g., definition) of j.
[0103] Further, the encoder of the device may add Sj to z2-Sj to determine z2. In such cases, the addition may be associated with controlled bit resolution due to the lower (e.g., least significant) kj+1 bits of a binary expansion of Sj being 0 (e.g., all bits being 0) .
[0104] As an illustrative example, as depicted in FIG. 3, each integer point of the range 300-a (e.g., left-closed right-open interval [0, SB) ) may represent a respective index for a distinct possible combination of a candidate sequence (e.g., from M first candidate sequences) for a sequence s1 and a candidate sequence (e.g., from N second candidate sequences) for a sequence s2 (e.g., as described with referenced to FIG. 2) . That is, as described previously, the index z1 (e.g., used to determine the sequence s1, representing a position of the sequence s1 within the range 300-b) may satisfy 0≤z1< M, as depicted by the range 300-b, and the index z2 (e.g., used to determine the sequence s2, representing a position of the sequence s2 within the range 300-c) may satisfy 0≤z2<N, which may further be restricted to 0≤z2<SB based on the partial sum representation according to the Equation 3. Thus, if there are M first candidate sequences from which the sequence s1 may be selected (e.g., based on the index z1) and SB second candidate sequences from which the sequence s2 may be selected (e.g., based on the index z2) , then there are SBM candidate sequences possible for a combination of the sequence s1 and the sequence s2, thus defining the range 300-a of the form [0, SBM) , where each integer point of the range 300-a presents a respective index for a distinct possible combination of a candidate sequence for a sequence s1 and a candidate sequence for a sequence s2.
[0105] Further, as described previously, the index z1 may satisfy 0≤z1<M, as represented by the range 300-b, and the index z2 may satisfy 0≤z2<N (e.g., not depicted) . However, if the integer j satisfies then z2 may satisfy Sj≤z2<Sj+1, where, according to Equation 3, Sj+1 may be equal to Thus, if the integer j satisfies then z2 may satisfy as represented by the range 300-c.
[0106] Additionally, a total of z1 candidate sequences, represented by an interval 305-b, may exist. That is, each integer within an interval [0, z1) (e.g., the interval 305-b) may correspond to a respective candidate sequence out of the M first candidate sequences. Additionally, the z1 candidate sequences may be combined with a total of candidate sequences (e.g., from among the N second candidate sequences) , which as described previously, may satisfy Thus, each one of the total of z1 candidate sequences may be coupled with each one of the total of candidate sequences, thus producing the term in
[0107] Further, a total of z2-Sj candidate sequences (e.g., a total quantity of z2-Sj candidate sequences) , represented by an interval 305-c, may exist. That is, each integer within an interval [Sj, z2) (e.g., the interval 305-c) may correspond to a respective candidate sequence out of the N second candidate sequences. Additionally, the z1-th candidate sequence (e.g., candidate sequence corresponding to the index z1) may be coupled with each one of the total of z2-Sj candidate sequences (e.g., as depicted in the interval 305-c) , thus producing the term z2-Sj in
[0108] Additionally, if the integer j satisfies then or the index x, may satisfy as represented by the interval 305-a. Further, as described previously, each integer point of the range 300-a may represent a respective index for a distinct possible combination of a candidate sequence for the sequence s1 (e.g., based on the index z1) and a candidate sequence for the sequence s2(e.g., based on the index z2) . As such, for given values of z1 and z2, an interval 305-d may represent respective indices for a distinct combination of one out of a total of M first candidate sequences for the sequence s1 and one out of a total of Sj second candidate sequences for the sequence s2.
[0109] To combine the index z1 and the index z2 to construct the index x, the decoder may determine j such that the index z2 may be of type j (e.g., Sj≤z2<Sj+1) . The decoder may then add and z2-Sj, which may be a concatenation of respective binary expansions of z1 and z2. Further, the decoder may add SjM to the resulting addition, which may result in (e.g., equal) x.
[0110] Alternatively, the encoder of the device may split the index x into the index z1 and the index z2 based on an index mapping scheme in which In such cases, the encoder of the device may apply (e.g., perform) a modulo-N operation to the index x, where a quotient of the modulo-N operation determines the index z1 and a remainder of the modulo-N operation determines the index z2. In such cases, splitting the index x into the index z1 and the index z2 based on the index mapping scheme in which may be associated with a higher complexity than splitting the index x into the index z1 and the index z2 based on the index mapping scheme in which However, both the index mapping scheme in which and the index mapping scheme in which may support techniques for efficiently splitting an encoding (e.g., shaping) operation (e.g., problem) into two smaller encoding sub-operations that may be performed in parallel, thus reducing latency.
[0111] In some cases, the index z1 and the index z2 may be switched in a function defined by That is, for example, the encoder of the device may split the index x into the index z1 and the index z2 based on an index mapping scheme in which or
[0112] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow 400 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the process flow 400 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the ranges 300, or any combination thereof. The process flow 400 may include an encoder 205-a and a decoder 210-a, which may be examples of network entities 105, base stations 140, or UEs 115 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 400, the operations between the encoder 205-a and the decoder 210-a may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the encoder 205-a and the decoder 210-a may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 400, and other operations may be added to the process flow 400.
[0113] At 405, the encoder 205-a (e.g., associated with a first wireless device, such as a network entity 105, a base station 140, and / or a UE 115) may determine a first quantity of first candidate sequences (e.g., M) and a second quantity of second candidate sequences (e.g., N) . In such cases, each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences may be from a first set of values (e.g., an alphabet A) . In some cases, at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity may be a K-bit number of a positive integer K.
[0114] At 410, the encoder 205-a may obtain an initial index (e.g., an index x, a combined index) including a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits. Additionally, the initial index may be non-negative and may be less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity (e.g., 0≤x<MN) .
[0115] At 415, the encoder 205-a may extract (e.g., determine, identify) a first index (e.g., an index z1) and a second index (e.g., an index z2) from the initial index (e.g., may split the initial index into the first index and the second index) . In such cases, the first index may be non-negative and may be less than the first quantity (e.g., 0≤z1<M) and the second index may be non-negative and may be less than the second quantity (e.g., 0≤z2<N) .
[0116] In some cases, the second index may be within a second range of values (e.g., Sj≤z2<Sj+1) , where the first range of values (e.g., associated with the initial index) is based on the second range of values. For example, a lower bound of the second range of values may be equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values may be equal to Sj+1, such that a lower bound of the first range of values may be equal to SjM and an upper bound of the first range of values may be equal to Sj+1M. In such cases, M may represent the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N may represent the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj may represent a partial sum associated with N, and j may represent an integer value selected such that (e.g., based on) the initial index is (e.g., being) within the first range of values and the second index is (e.g., being) within the second range of values.
[0117] Additionally, the initial index may be a function (e.g., invertible function) of the first index and the second index (e.g., ) . That is, the encoder 205-a may extract the first index and the second index by applying an inverse of the function to the initial index. In some cases, the function may be based on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences. Additionally, or alternatively, the function may be equal to the lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and the lower bound of the second range of values. For example, the function may be represented by (e.g., defined by, equal to) where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion (e.g., fraction, additive portion) of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.
[0118] In some other cases, the function may be equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences. For example, the function may be represented by (e.g., defined by, equal to) z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0119] At 420, the encoder 205-a may determine a first sequence (e.g., sequence s1, subsequence s1) from the first candidate sequences (e.g., from at least M candidate sequences) and a second sequence (e.g., sequence s2, subsequence s2) from the second candidate sequences (e.g., from at least N candidate sequences) . In such cases, the first sequence may be based on the first index and the second sequence may be based on the second index. Additionally, each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence may be from the first set of values (e.g., the alphabet A) . In some cases, the first sequence and the second sequence may be determined independently and in parallel.
[0120] In some cases, at 425, the encoder 205-a may concatenate the first sequence and the second sequence to generate a concatenated sequence (e.g., sequence s) , where the concatenate sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits.
[0121] At 430, the encoder 205-a (e.g., the first wireless device) may transmit, to the decoder 210-a (e.g., to a second wireless device) , a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence (e.g., the encoder 205-a may transmit the concatenated sequence) . The decoder 210-a, for example, at a second wireless device may receive the signal indicative of the first sequence from the first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of the second sequence from the second quantity of second candidate sequences. In other words, the decoder 210-a may receive the signal and may estimate (e.g., determine) the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0122] At 435, the decoder 210-a may determine the first index and the second index (e.g., independently and in parallel) . In such cases, the decoder 210-a may determine the first index based on the first sequence (e.g., the estimated first sequence) and the first quantity of first candidate sequences and may determine the second index based on the second sequence (e.g., estimated second sequence) and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0123] At 440, the decoder 210-a may combine the first index and the second index to generate (e.g., form) the initial index. That is, the decoder 210-a may apply the function to the first index and the second index to generate the initial index. At 445, the decoder 210-a may obtain the initial sequence of bits based on the initial index.
[0124] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505, or one or more components of the device 505 (e.g., the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0125] The receiver 510 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for index splitting and combining) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0126] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for index splitting and combining) . In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0127] The communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of techniques for index splitting and combining as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0128] In some examples, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0129] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0130] In some examples, the communications manager 520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0131] The communications manager 520 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, where each element within each first candidate sequence and each element within each second candidate sequence are from a first set of values. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0132] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0133] By including or configuring the communications manager 520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 505 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for index splitting and combining, which may result in reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources, among other advantages.
[0134] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one of more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0135] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for index splitting and combining) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0136] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for index splitting and combining) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0137] The device 605, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for index splitting and combining as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include a sequencing component 625, an indexing component 630, a signaling component 635, a combining component 640, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0138] The communications manager 620 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The sequencing component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The indexing component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity. The indexing component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index. The sequencing component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values. The signaling component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0139] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The signaling component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The indexing component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity. The combining component 640 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index. The sequencing component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0140] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 720 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520, a communications manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for index splitting and combining as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a sequencing component 725, an indexing component 730, a signaling component 735, a combining component 740, a concatenating component 745, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0141] The communications manager 720 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The sequencing component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The indexing component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity. The indexing component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index. In some examples, the sequencing component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values. The signaling component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0142] In some examples, the concatenating component 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for concatenating the first sequence and the second sequence to generate a concatenated sequence, where the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits, and where transmitting the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence includes transmitting the concatenated sequence.
[0143] In some examples, extracting the first index and the second index from the initial index is based on applying an inverse of the function to the initial index.
[0144] In some examples, the function is based on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0145] In some examples, the initial index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values. In some examples, the first range of values is based on the second range of values.
[0146] In some examples, the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.
[0147] In some examples, a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjMand an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, where a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sjrepresents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the initial index being within the first range of values.
[0148] In some examples, the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.
[0149] In some examples, the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0150] In some examples, the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0151] In some examples, the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.
[0152] In some examples, at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K . In some examples, the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number. In some examples, the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.
[0153] In some examples, the initial index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative..
[0154] In some examples, the first device is a base station or a UE based on the first device being for wireless communications.
[0155] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the signaling component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. In some examples, the indexing component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity. The combining component 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index. In some examples, the sequencing component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0156] In some examples, to support receiving the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence, the signaling component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the signal indicative of a concatenated sequence, where the concatenated sequence is based on the first sequence and the second sequence, and where the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits.
[0157] In some examples, the function is based on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0158] In some examples, the combined index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values. In some examples, the first range of values is based on the second range of values.
[0159] In some examples, the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.
[0160] In some examples, a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, where a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the combined index being within the first range of values.
[0161] In some examples, the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.
[0162] In some examples, the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0163] In some examples, the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0164] In some examples, the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.
[0165] In some examples, at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K. In some examples, the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number. In some examples, the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.
[0166] In some examples, the combined index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative.
[0167] In some examples, the second device is a base station or a UE based on the second device being for wireless communications.
[0168] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 820, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 810, a transceiver 815, one or more antennas 825, at least one memory 830, code 835, and at least one processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845) .
[0169] The I / O controller 810 may manage input and output signals for the device 805. The I / O controller 810 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 810 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 840. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I / O controller 810 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 810.
[0170] In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 805 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 815 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 825 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 815 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 815 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 825 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 825. The transceiver 815, or the transceiver 815 and one or more antennas 825, may be an example of a transmitter 515, a transmitter 615, a receiver 510, a receiver 610, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0171] The at least one memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 835. The code 835 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 840, cause the device 805 to perform various functions described herein. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 830 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0172] The at least one processor 840 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 840. The at least one processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for index splitting and combining) . For example, the device 805 or a component of the device 805 may include at least one processor 840 and at least one memory 830 coupled with or to the at least one processor 840, the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0173] In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 830 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 840) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 830) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 840 or a processing system including the at least one processor 840 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 805 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 835 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 830 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0174] The communications manager 820 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0175] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0176] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 may support techniques for index splitting and combining, which may result in improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing capability, among other advantages.
[0177] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 815, the one or more antennas 825, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 820 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 840, the at least one memory 830, the code 835, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 835 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 840 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of techniques for index splitting and combining as described herein, or the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0178] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 905 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 920, a transceiver 910, one or more antennas 915, at least one memory 925, code 930, and at least one processor 935. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 940) .
[0179] The transceiver 910 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 910 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 910 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 905 may include one or more antennas 915, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 910 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 915, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 915, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 905. In some examples, the transceiver 910 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0180] The at least one memory 925 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 925 may store computer-readable, computer- executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 930. The code 930 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 935, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 930 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 930 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 935 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 925 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0181] The at least one processor 935 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 935 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 935. The at least one processor 935 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 925) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for index splitting and combining) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 935 and at least one memory 925 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 935, the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 935 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 930) to perform the functions of the device 905. The at least one processor 935 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 905 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 925) .
[0182] In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 935) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 925) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 935 or a processing system including the at least one processor 935 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 925 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0183] In some examples, a bus 940 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 940 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 905, or between different components of the device 905 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 905 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 920, the transceiver 910, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, and the at least one processor 935 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0184] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 920 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 920 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 920 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0185] The communications manager 920 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0186] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index.
[0187] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for index splitting and combining, which may result improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing capability, among other advantages.
[0188] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 910, the one or more antennas 915 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 910, one or more of the at least one processor 935, one or more of the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 930 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 935 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of techniques for index splitting and combining as described herein, or the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0189] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0190] At 1005, the method may include determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a sequencing component 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0191] At 1010, the method may include obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by an indexing component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0192] At 1015, the method may include extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and where the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by an indexing component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0193] At 1020, the method may include determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based on the second index, where each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values. The operations of 1015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a sequencing component 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0194] At 1025, the method may include transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a signaling component 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0195] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports techniques for index splitting and combining in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0196] At 1105, the method may include receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a signaling component 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0197] At 1110, the method may include determining a first index based on the first sequence and a second index based on the second sequence, where the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by an indexing component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0198] At 1115, the method may include combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, where the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a combining component 740 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0199] At 1120, the method may include obtaining an initial sequence of bits based on the combined index. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a sequencing component 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0200] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0201] Aspect 1: A method for communications at a first device, comprising: determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values; obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity; extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and wherein the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index; determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based at least in part on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based at least in part on the second index, wherein each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values; and transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.
[0202] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: concatenating the first sequence and the second sequence to generate a concatenated sequence, wherein the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits, and wherein transmitting the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence comprises transmitting the concatenated sequence.
[0203] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein extracting the first index and the second index from the initial index is based at least in part on applying an inverse of the function to the initial index.
[0204] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein the function is based at least in part on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0205] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4, wherein the initial index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values, and the first range of values is based at least in part on the second range of values.
[0206] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.
[0207] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 5 through 6, wherein a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, where a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the initial index being within the first range of values
[0208] Aspect 8: The method of aspect 7, wherein the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.
[0209] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0210] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0211] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.
[0212] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K , the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number, and the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.
[0213] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the initial index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative.
[0214] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, wherein the first device is a base station or a UE based at least in part on the first device being for wireless communications.
[0215] Aspect 15: A method for communications at a second device, comprising: receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each first candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each second candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values; determining a first index based at least in part on the first sequence and a second index based at least in part on the second sequence, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity; combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, wherein the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index; and obtaining an initial sequence of bits based at least in part on the combined index.
[0216] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, wherein receiving the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence comprises: receiving the signal indicative of a concatenated sequence, wherein the concatenated sequence is based at least in part on the first sequence and the second sequence, and wherein the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits.
[0217] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 15 through 16, wherein the function is based at least in part on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0218] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein the combined index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values, and the first range of values is based at least in part on the second range of values.
[0219] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, wherein the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.
[0220] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 18 through 19, wherein a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, where a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the combined index being within the first range of values.
[0221] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20, wherein the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.
[0222] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 15 through 19, wherein the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0223] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 22, wherein the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.
[0224] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 15 through 23, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.
[0225] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 15 through 24, wherein at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K, the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number, and the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.
[0226] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 15 through 25, wherein the combined index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative.
[0227] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 15 through 26, wherein the second device is a base station or a UE based at least in part on the second device being for wireless communications.
[0228] Aspect 28: A first device for communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0229] Aspect 29: A first device for communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0230] Aspect 30: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0231] Aspect 31: A second device for communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the second device to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 27.
[0232] Aspect 32: A second device for communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 15 through 27.
[0233] Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 27.
[0234] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0235] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0236] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0237] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0238] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0239] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0240] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0241] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0242] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0243] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0244] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0245] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:determine a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;obtain an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity;extract a first index and a second index from the initial index, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and wherein the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index;determine a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based at least in part on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based at least in part on the second index, wherein each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values; andtransmit a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:concatenate the first sequence and the second sequence to generate a concatenated sequence, wherein the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits, and wherein transmitting the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence comprises transmitting the concatenated sequence.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein extracting the first index and the second index from the initial index is based at least in part on applying an inverse of the function to the initial index.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the function is based at least in part on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.5.The first device of claim 4, wherein the initial index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values, and wherein the first range of values is based at least in part on the second range of values.6.The first device of claim 5, wherein the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.7.The first device of claim 5, wherein a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SkM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sk+1M, wherein a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the initial index being within the first range of values.8.The first device of claim 7, wherein the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.9.The first device of claim 1, wherein the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.10.The first device of claim 9, wherein the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.12.The first device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K, wherein the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number, and wherein the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.13.The first device of claim 1, wherein the initial index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative.14.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a base station or a user equipment (UE) based at least in part on the first device being for wireless communications.15.A second device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the second device to:receive a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;determine a first index based at least in part on the first sequence and a second index based at least in part on the second sequence, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity;combine the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, wherein the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index; andobtain an initial sequence of bits based at least in part on the combined index.16.The second device of claim 15, wherein, to receive the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the second device to:receive the signal indicative of a concatenated sequence, wherein the concatenated sequence is based at least in part on the first sequence and the second sequence, and wherein the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits.17.The second device of claim 15, wherein the function is based at least in part on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.18.The second device of claim 17, wherein the combined index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values, and wherein the first range of values is based at least in part on the second range of values.19.The second device of claim 18, wherein the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.20.The second device of claim 18, wherein a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, wherein a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the combined index being within the first range of values.21.The second device of claim 20, wherein the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.22.The second device of claim 15, wherein the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.23.The second device of claim 22, wherein the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.24.The second device of claim 15, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.25.The second device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K, wherein the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number, and wherein the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.26.The second device of claim 15, wherein the combined index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative.27.The second device of claim 15, wherein the second device is a base station or a user equipment (UE) based at least in part on the second device being for wireless communications.28.A method for communications at a first device, comprising:determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity;extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and wherein the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index;determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based at least in part on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based at least in part on the second index, wherein each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values; andtransmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:concatenating the first sequence and the second sequence to generate a concatenated sequence, wherein the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits, and wherein transmitting the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence comprises transmitting the concatenated sequence.30.The method of claim 28, wherein extracting the first index and the second index from the initial index is based at least in part on applying an inverse of the function to the initial index.31.The method of claim 28, wherein the function is based at least in part on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the initial index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values, and wherein the first range of values is based at least in part on the second range of values.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.34.The method of claim 32, wherein a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SkM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, wherein a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the initial index being within the first range of values.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.36.The method of claim 28, wherein the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.38.The method of claim 28, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.39.The method of claim 28, wherein at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K , wherein the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number, and wherein the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.40.The method of claim 28, wherein the initial index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative.41.The method of claim 28, wherein the first device is a base station or a user equipment (UE) based at least in part on the first device being for wireless communications.42.A method for communications at a second device, comprising:receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;determining a first index based at least in part on the first sequence and a second index based at least in part on the second sequence, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity;combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, wherein the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index; andobtaining an initial sequence of bits based at least in part on the combined index.43.The method of claim 42, wherein receiving the signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence comprises:receiving the signal indicative of a concatenated sequence, wherein the concatenated sequence is based at least in part on the first sequence and the second sequence, and wherein the concatenated sequence is indicative of the initial sequence of bits.44.The method of claim 42, wherein the function is based at least in part on the first quantity of first candidate sequences and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.45.The method of claim 44, wherein the combined index is within a first range of values and the second index is within a second range of values, and wherein the first range of values is based at least in part on the second range of values.46.The method of claim 45, wherein the function is equal to a lower bound of the first range of values plus a product of the first index and a binary expansion associated with the second quantity of second candidate sequences, plus a difference between the second index and a lower bound of the second range of values.47.The method of claim 45, wherein a lower bound of the first range of values is equal to SjM and an upper bound of the first range of values is equal to Sj+1M, wherein a lower bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj and an upper bound of the second range of values is equal to Sj+1, where M represents the first quantity of first candidate sequences, N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences, Sj represents a partial sum associated with N, and j represents an integer value selected based at least in part on the combined index being within the first range of values.48.The method of claim 47, wherein the function is represented by where z2 represents the second index, represents a portion of the second quantity of second candidate sequences, and z1 represents the first index.49.The method of claim 42, wherein the function is equal to the second index added to a product of the first index and the second quantity of second candidate sequences.50.The method of claim 49, wherein the function is equal to z1N+z2, where z1 represents the first index, z2 represents the second index, and N represents the second quantity of second candidate sequences.51.The method of claim 42, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are determined independently and in parallel.52.The method of claim 42, wherein at least one of the first quantity and the second quantity is a K-bit number of a positive integer K, wherein the K-bit number is a product of a first number and a second number, and wherein the first number is associated with a binary expansion of length K and the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number.53.The method of claim 42, wherein the combined index, the first index, and the second index are non-negative.54.The method of claim 42, wherein the second device is a base station or a user equipment (UE) based at least in part on the second device being for wireless communications.55.A first device for communications, comprising:means for determining a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;means for obtaining an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity;means for extracting a first index and a second index from the initial index, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and wherein the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index;means for determining a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based at least in part on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based at least in part on the second index, wherein each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values; andmeans for transmitting a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.56.A second device for communications, comprising:means for receiving a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;means for determining a first index based at least in part on the first sequence and a second index based at least in part on the second sequence, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity;means for combining the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, wherein the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index; andmeans for obtaining an initial sequence of bits based at least in part on the combined index.57.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:determine a first quantity of first candidate sequences and a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;obtain an initial index comprising a numerical representation of an initial sequence of bits, wherein the initial index is less than a product of the first quantity and the second quantity;extract a first index and a second index from the initial index, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity, and wherein the initial index is a function of the first index and the second index;determine a first sequence from the first candidate sequences based at least in part on the first index and a second sequence from the second candidate sequences based at least in part on the second index, wherein each element within the first sequence and each element within the second sequence are from the first set of values; andtransmit a signal indicative of the first sequence and the second sequence.58.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:receive a signal indicative of a first sequence from a first quantity of first candidate sequences and indicative of a second sequence from a second quantity of second candidate sequences, wherein each element within each candidate sequence of the first candidate sequences and each element within each candidate sequence of the second candidate sequences are from a first set of values;determine a first index based at least in part on the first sequence and a second index based at least in part on the second sequence, wherein the first index is less than the first quantity and the second index is less than the second quantity;combine the first index and the second index to generate a combined index, wherein the combined index is a function of the first index and the second index; andobtain an initial sequence of bits based at least in part on the combined index.
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