Measurement gap configuration for sensing and communication-related measurements
The system addresses timing challenges in ISAC systems by defining device-specific measurement gaps for coordinated sensing and communication measurements, enhancing efficiency and reducing latency and power consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/130575
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems face challenges in coordinating measurement gaps for sensing and communication-related measurements, particularly in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems, leading to improper or incorrect timing of sensing-related measurements and potential disruption of ongoing communications.
The system defines device-specific measurement gaps and intervals with associated information for sensing operations, including TRP-specific and UE-specific configurations, to enhance coordination and efficiency of sensing measurements, supporting FR3 bands and ensuring non-synchronized entities align timing for improved latency and power savings.
This approach improves sensing operations by enabling separate measurement gaps for radio measurements, reducing latency, and optimizing power usage, while supporting enhanced sensing and communication capabilities across various frequency bands.
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Figure CN2024130575_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MEASUREMENT GAP CONFIGURATION FOR SENSING AND COMMUNICATION-RELATED MEASUREMENTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to measurement gap configuration for sensing and communication-related measurements in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology (RAT) , fourth generation (4G) RAT, fifth generation (5G) RAT, among other suitable RATs beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) or next generation (xG) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (e.g., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based on” . Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a UE for wireless communication to receive a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; receive a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and perform a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.
[0005] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the UE receives a second message that deactivates the first measurement gap. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the UE transmits a request for the configuration, where the configuration is received based on the request. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to the UE for performing one or more sensing measurements.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration is specific to a transmission-reception point (TRP) , and where the one or more parameters includes at least one of a measurement gap pattern identifier, a measurement gap length (MGL) , a measurement gap repetition period (MGRP) , or a measurement gap offset. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the UE receives the reference signal based on the configuration, where the measurement is performed during the first measurement gap based on receiving the reference signal.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the UE receives a line-of-sight (LOS) signal that represents a time instance relative to a reflected signal path off one or more targets. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the UE receives the reference signal based on the LOS signal, where the reference signal and the LOS signal are aligned in time, and where the reference signal is associated with sensing or communications.
[0008] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, a start time of the set of multiple measurement gaps is based on the LOS signal. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters for performing the one or more measurements are associated with at least one of a frequency range 1 (FR1) band, a frequency range 2 (FR2) band, or a frequency range 3 (FR3) band. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the measurement is performed for at least one of intra-frequency cells, intra-RAT cells, inter-frequency cells, or inter-RAT cells. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the reference signal is a sensing reference signal or a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) . In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the set of multiple measurement gaps is pre-configured for use at a future time instance.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication to receive a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; receive a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and perform a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the processor is configured to receive a second message that deactivates the first measurement gap. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the processor is configured to transmit a request for the configuration, where the configuration is received based on the request. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to the UE for performing one or more sensing measurements.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration is specific to a TRP, and the one or more parameters includes at least one of a measurement gap pattern identifier, an MGL, an MGRP, or a measurement gap offset. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the processor is configured to receive the reference signal based on the configuration, where the measurement is performed during the first measurement gap based on receiving the reference signal.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the processor is configured to receive an LOS signal that represents a time instance relative to a reflected signal path off one or more targets. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the UE receives the reference signal based on the LOS signal, where the reference signal and the LOS signal are aligned in time, and where the reference signal is associated with sensing or communications.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, a start time of the set of multiple measurement gaps is based on the LOS signal. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters for performing the one or more measurements are associated with at least one of an FR1 band, an FR2 band, or an FR3 band. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the measurement is performed for at least one of intra-frequency cells, intra-RAT cells, inter-frequency cells, or inter-RAT cells. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the reference signal is a sensing reference signal or a downlink PRS. In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the set of multiple measurement gaps is pre-configured for use at a future time instance.
[0014] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE, the method including receiving a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; receiving a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and performing a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a network entity (NE) for wireless communication to transmit a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; transmit a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and transmit a reference signal to be measured during the first measurement gap.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the NE transmits a second message that deactivates the first measurement gap. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the NE receives a request for the configuration, where the configuration is transmitted based on the request. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to a UE for performing one or more sensing measurements. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the NE transmits, to a UE serving as a sensing transmitter, a response message confirming that the configuration was transmitted. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the NE includes a radio access network (RAN) entity, and where the RAN entity further includes a base station, a TRP, next-generation NodeB (gNB) , an xNodeB (xNB) , a sensing management component (SMC) , or a core network (CN) entity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] Figures 2 and 3 illustrate example scenarios for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] Figure 4 illustrates a scenario for a tight coupling Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) network architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] Figure 5 illustrates a scenario for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] Figure 6 illustrates a scenario for a network architecture where a sensing function (SF) is collocated with a Location Management Function (LMF) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] Figure 7 illustrates a scenario for a loose coupling ISAC network architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a time-domain representation of transmitted and echo pulses in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a measurement gap configuration in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] Figures 10 through 12 illustrate examples of signaling diagrams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a signaling configuration in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] Figure 16 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] Figures 17 and 18 illustrate flowcharts of methods in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] In a wireless communications system, a UE and a NE (e.g., a base station, gNB) may support wireless communication (e.g., reception and / or transmission of wireless communication) using time-frequency resources. In additional to wireless communication, time-frequency resources may be used to perform different sensing tasks. An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, for example, combines wireless communication and sensing capabilities. This integration allows for more efficient use of spectrum and hardware, reducing costs and improving performance. An ISAC system may support numerous service requirements and use cases, including human / object detection, weather automated guided vehicle (AGV) monitoring and tracking, and automotive sensing and exploitation of sensing and positioning information. Objected detection and tracking may be supported for frequencies from 0.5–52.6 gigahertz (GHz) .
[0032] In some wireless communication systems or networks, sensing may fulfill different performance requirements (e.g., accuracy, resolution, latency, etc. ) based on characteristics of the system, such as a radar cross-section (RCS) of one or multiple target objects and an environment to be sensed in a target sensing service area, among other characteristics. In some wireless communication networks, sensing support may include a number of scenarios involving different RAN entities and multiple UE nodes. Current designs within legacy positioning frameworks enable UEs to measure downlink PRSs from neighboring gNBs, xNBs, or TRPs with the aid of a measurement gap, in order to perform positioning measurements. However, a UE measurement gap is primarily used to enable UEs to perform reference signal measurements on neighboring gNBs or xNBs or other frequency bands, carriers, or RATs without impacting ongoing communication procedures with the serving cell (including both control and data communications) . In addition, according to legacy operations, sounding reference signals (SRSs) (in some cases, for positioning) may be measured, however the serving and neighboring gNBs or xNBs are aware of the UE’s configuration and therefore, can anticipate when to measure such signals in advance.
[0033] Some scenarios involving base stations, TRPs, gNBs, or xNBs acting as a sensing receiver (e.g., in TRP-TRP monostatic or TRP-TRP bistatic systems) may require the ISAC or sensing system to perform sensing-related measurements of a desired target or targets at a given time. This may lead to issues in terms of sensing-related measurements being measured improperly or at incorrect times. There is therefore a need to define measurement behavior for a TRP or a UE including associated requirements, configurations, and procedures for measuring respective sensing signals (e.g., reflected signals at a coordinated time interval from one or more scattering points from one or more targets) . Specifically, it may be a challenge to coordinate the timing between a pair of a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver given a separation distance between the pairs of sensing transmitter (s) and receiver (s) and a synchronization status between the pairs of sensing transmitter (s) and sensing receiver (s) . Additionally, different scenarios may be considered where the sensing transmitter and receiver are either synchronized or not synchronized. Another challenge includes ensuring that ongoing communication procedures are not interrupted at the sensing receiver when performing sensing measurements. In addition, inter-frequency sensing measurements may be addressed to account for frequency re-tuning of reflections received either from a UE or a base station operating on a different frequency to that of a serving base station.
[0034] Accordingly, the present disclosure supports techniques for defining device-specific measurement gaps or measurement intervals with associated information for sensing operations and other communication measurements. More specifically, the present disclosure supports defining a measurement gap specific to a base station, a TRP, a gNB, or an xNB for the purposes of sensing, as well as other purposes such as network energy savings. Additionally, the present disclosure supports configuring (e.g., by a configuration entity) UE-specific measurement gaps for the purposes of performing sensing measurements, including RAT-dependent sensing measurements, RAT-independent sensing measurements, or both. In some implementations, the present disclosure supports initiating (e.g., by a sensing transmitter such as a UE or a TRP) a configuration of TRP-specific (or xNB or network) measurement gaps, UE-specific measurement gaps, or both for the purposes of performing sensing measurements, including RAT-dependent sensing measurements, RAT-independent sensing measurements, or both. The present disclosure may also support a sensing receiver (e.g., a UE or a TRP) receiving a direct or LOS reference signal transmission from a sensing transmitter (e.g., a UE or a TRP) to assist in configuring a measurement gap or a measurement interval. Any of these features may be implemented in combination with each other to support enhanced and coordinated sensing measurements.
[0035] Further, the present disclosure supports a UE or a RAN entity (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a gNB, or an xNB) receiving a configuration from a NE that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more sensing, positioning, or communication-related measurements. The parameters may include a set of multiple measurement gaps or measurement intervals for performing the one or more measurements. In some examples, the NE may transmit the configuration based on a prior request received from the UE. Based on the configuration, the UE may receive a first message (e.g., an activation message or command) that activates a first measurement of the set of measurement gaps. The UE may receive a reference signal (e.g. a sensing reference signal) and perform a measurement (e.g., a sensing measurement) of the reference signal during the first measurement gap. In some examples, the UE may receive a deactivation message from the NE that deactivates the first measurement gap, for example, based on the UE completing the measurement.
[0036] By utilizing the described techniques to dedicate measurement gaps to detecting and performing sensing measurements, sensing operations in a wireless communications system may be improved. Specifically, the described techniques include configuring separate measurement gaps during which base stations, gNBs, or xNBs may perform radio measurements (e.g., resource management (RRM) , uplink, downlink or RAN-RAN node measurements) for communications, sensing, and positioning. This supports power savings as it enables the base stations, gNBs, or xNBs to switch off (deactivate) particular radio frequency (RF) chains for other purposes. Additionally, the measurement gaps described herein are configured for enhanced sensing, and specifically support FR3 bands (in addition to FR1 and FR2 bands) from the UE and TRP perspectives. Moreover, the described techniques support LOS and direct path transmissions between sensing transmitters and receivers to define a relative start time for a measurement gap for non-synchronized entities, which may increase efficiency and decrease latency.
[0037] Any reference made to position, location information, or estimates herein may refer to an absolute position or a relative position with respect to another node, entity, or device, and may range in terms of distance, direction, or a combination thereof. In addition, the terms measurement gap and measurement interval described herein may be used interchangeably to refer to a time period or duration in which a device may perform sensing, positioning, or other communication measurements. A sensing management function (SMF) or an SF as described herein may manage overall coordination and scheduling of resources required for sensing an object or human. The SMF or SF may also calculate or verify a final sensing result and velocity or doppler estimates and estimate an achieved sensing accuracy. The SMF or SF may receive sensing requests for a target within a network area by a sensing client, which may be external or internal to a network or device, respectively. The SMF may interact with the various NEs and UEs in order to exchange information applicable to UE-assisted and UE-based sensing methods, and interacts with a next generation (NG) -RAN to obtain sensing information. The SMF is an example of a sensing result computation entity. Additionally, an SMC may include all or part of the SMF or the SF. The SMC may operate as part of the NG-RAN. The SMC is another example of a sensing result computation entity.
[0038] Reference is made herein to communicating data or information, such as signaling reference signals and feedback reports. It is to be appreciated that other terms may be used interchangeably with communicating, such as signaling, transmitting, receiving, outputting, forwarding, retrieving, obtaining, and so forth.
[0039] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0040] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NEs 102, one or more UE 104, and a CN 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a New Radio (NR) network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable RAT including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0041] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a NE, a RAN, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a gNB, or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0042] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.
[0043] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, a positioning / sensing reference unit, consumer premise equipment (CPE) , or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0044] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0045] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N6, or other network interface) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access NE, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or TRPs.
[0046] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0047] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N6, or other network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0048] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (e.g., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0049] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0050] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0051] Additionally, or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (e.g., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0052] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as FR designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0053] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0054] According to implementations, one or more of the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 are operable to implement various aspects of the techniques described with reference to the present disclosure. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 support a configuration of one or more parameters for performing one or more sensing, positioning, or communication-related measurements. The parameters may include a set of multiple measurement gaps or measurement intervals for performing the one or more measurements. In some examples, the NE 102 may transmit the configuration based on a prior request received from the UE 104. Based on the configuration, the UE 104 may receive a first message (e.g., an activation message or command) that activates a first measurement of the set of measurement gaps. The UE 104 may receive a reference signal (e.g. a sensing reference signal) and perform a measurement (e.g., a sensing measurement) of the reference signal during the first measurement gap. In some examples, the UE 104 may receive a deactivation message from the NE 102 that deactivates the first measurement gap, for example, based on the UE 104 completing the measurement.
[0055] Figure 2 illustrates example scenarios 200 for radio sensing. The scenarios 200 include a scenario 202a, a scenario 202b, and a scenario 202c, which each support radio sensing. In addition, the scenarios 200 support a UE 104, a network node 204, and a network node 206, which may be examples of a UE 104 or NEs 102 as described with reference to Figure 1. As part of the scenarios 200, radio sensing may be implemented to detect feature characteristics of objects 208 present in an environment 210.
[0056] Radio sensing covers a variety of scenarios where a network may configure participating NEs 102 and UEs 104 to enable sensing functionality, i.e., NEs 102 and UEs 104 acting as sensing transmitter nodes and sensing receiver nodes. The network may also configure sensing reference signals and measurements performed on received sensing reference signals and reporting procedures to provide associated sensing results. In this regard, the functional split between the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 for a specific sensing task may take various forms depending on the availability of sensing-capable devices and the requirements of the specific sensing operation.
[0057] The scenario 202a may include a sensing transmitter as the network node 204 and separate sensing receiver as the network node 206, which may represent different instances of NEs 102. That is, in the scenario 202a, the NEs 102 transmit and receive a sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing or data and / or control channels known to network TRP nodes) . The involvement of UE nodes, such as the UE 104, may be limited, such as to aspects of interference management. The network may refrain from utilizing UEs 104 for sensing assistance in the scenario 202a.
[0058] The scenario 202b may include a sensing transmitter as the network node 204 and sensing receiver also as the network node 204. That is, in the scenario 202b, the same NE 102 transmits and receives the sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing or the data and / or control channels known to the network TRP nodes) . The involvement of UE nodes, such as the UE 104, may be limited, such as to aspects of interference management. The network may refrain from utilizing UEs 104 for sensing assistance in the scenario 202b.
[0059] The scenario 202c may include a sensing transmitter as the network node 206 and a sensing receiver as the UE 104. That is, in the scenario 202c, an NE 102 transmits, and one or multiple UEs 104 receives, the sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing. A network, for instance, configures the UE (s) 104 to act as a sensing receiver node, such as according to capabilities of the UE nodes for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.
[0060] The scenarios 200 are not intended to be restricted to a specific UE type, and may include any UE category and / or functionality (e.g., a UE Roadside Unit (RSU) ) . In any of the scenarios 200, any of the roles depicted for an NE 102 and / or a UE 104 may be replaced (with equal validity as an example of a radio sensing scenario) with a smart repeater node, an integrated access / backhaul (IAB) node, and / or an RSU. In some examples, the set of sensing transmitter nodes of a sensing measurement process (and similarly, but in some cases independently, a set of sensing receive nodes of a sensing measurement process) include on or more of a TRP associated with a gNB / xNB-CU / DU, a gNB / xNB-DU, a gNB / xNB-CU, a UE, a network-controlled repeater (NCR) , an IAB node, an RSU, or a dedicated sensing radio. In some implementations, a sensing receiver node may as well be a non-3GPP sensor capable of providing non-3GPP sensing data, or a 3GPP node (e.g., a UE or a RAN node) connected to the said non-3GPP sensor and can obtain, process, and transfer the non-3GPP sensing data of the said non-3GPP sensor to other 3GPP nodes / entities.
[0061] Regarding sensing network architecture, integrated sensing and communication may enhance 5G or xG, e.g., 6G core architecture by introducing a new SF, such as discussed in the example scenarios below.
[0062] Figure 3 illustrates example scenarios 300 for radio sensing. The scenarios 300 include a scenario 302a, a scenario 302b, and a scenario 302c, which each support radio sensing. In addition, the scenarios 300 support a UE 304a, a UE 304b, and a network node 306, which may be examples of a UE 104 or NEs 102 as described with reference to Figure 1. As part of the scenarios 300, radio sensing may be implemented to detect feature characteristics of objects 308 present in an environment 310.
[0063] Radio sensing covers a variety of scenarios where a network may configure participating NEs 102 and UEs 104 to enable sensing functionality, i.e., NEs 102 and UEs 104 acting as sensing transmitter nodes and sensing receiver nodes. The network may also configure sensing reference signals and measurements performed on received sensing reference signals and reporting procedures to provide associated sensing results. In this regard, the functional split between the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 for a specific sensing task may take various forms depending on the availability of sensing-capable devices and the requirements of the specific sensing operation.
[0064] The scenario 302a may include a sensing transmitter as the UE 304a and sensing receiver as a network node 306. That is, in the scenario 302a, the UE 304a may transmit, and one or multiple NEs 102 (e.g., the network node 306) may receive, a sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing (and / or a data and / or control channel transmitted by the UE 304a) . A network, for instance, may configures the UE 304a to act as a sensing transmitter node, such as according to capabilities of the UE 304a for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.
[0065] The scenario 302b may include a sensing transmitter as the UE 304a and a separate sensing receiver as the UE 304b. That is, in the scenario 302b, the UE 304a may transmit, and the UE 304b may receive, the sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing. In the scenario 302b, the network and / or a UE 304 may decide on configuration of the sensing scenario. In at least one example, a network configures the UE 304 to act as sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver nodes, such as according to the capabilities of the UE 304 for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.
[0066] The scenario 302c may include a sensing transmitter as the UE 304b and a sensing receiver also as the UE 304b. That is, in the scenario 302c, the UE 304b may transmit and receive the sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing and / or the data and / or control channels known to the UE 304b) . In at least one implementation, the UE 304b and / or a network may configure the sensing scenario, such as according to the capabilities of the UE 304b for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.
[0067] The scenarios 300 are not intended to be restricted to a specific UE type, and may include any UE category and / or functionality (e.g., a UE Roadside Unit (RSU) ) . In any of the scenarios 300, any of the roles depicted for an NE 102 and / or a UE 104 may be replaced (with equal validity as an example of a radio sensing scenario) with a smart repeater node, an IAB node, and / or an RSU. In some examples, the set of sensing transmitter nodes of a sensing measurement process (and similarly, but in some cases independently, a set of sensing receive nodes of a sensing measurement process) include on or more of a TRP associated with a gNB / xNB-CU / DU, a gNB / xNB-DU, a gNB / xNB-CU, a UE, a network-controlled repeater (NCR) , an IAB node, an RSU, or a dedicated sensing radio. In some implementations, a sensing receiver node may as well be a non-3GPP sensor capable of providing non-3GPP sensing data, or a 3GPP node (e.g., a UE or a RAN node) connected to the said non-3GPP sensor and can obtain, process, and transfer the non-3GPP sensing data of the said non-3GPP sensor to other 3GPP nodes / entities.
[0068] Regarding sensing network architecture, integrated sensing and communication may enhance 5G core or xG, e.g., 6G architecture by introducing a new SF, such as discussed in the example scenarios below.
[0069] Figure 4 illustrates a scenario 400 for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 400, an SF appears as a dedicated network function (NF) , which may enhance a 5G core architecture by enabling integrated sensing and communication. The SF may handle both: (i) sensing control plane aspects, such as the interaction with the sensing consumer via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) and information exchange with other NFs, for gathering UE information, (i.e., from an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , a Unified Data Management (UDM) , LMF, UE related policies from the Policy Control Function (PCF) , and analytics from the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) ) ; and (ii) communicating sensing radio signals for performing the analysis or prediction for determining the sensing target.
[0070] Figure 5 illustrates a scenario 500 for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 500, a control plane / user plane (CP / UP) split is implemented, where the SF may have two dedicated NF counter parts: (i) an SF-C that handles control plane aspects as described above with reference to Figure 4; and (ii) an SF-U that is responsible for collecting the sensing radio signals via the user plane, i.e., via a RAN and a User Plane Function (UPF) . The idea of this architecture is to split and offload heavy data volumes associated with sensing radio signals to the user plane to ensure light traffic, i.e., only singling, in the control plane.
[0071] Figure 6 illustrates a scenario 600 where an SF is collocated with an LMF. For instance, in the scenario 600, the SF / LMF appears as a logical NF embedded in the LMF to perform sensing taking advantage of the knowledge of a UE location.
[0072] Figure 7 illustrates a scenario 700 for loose coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 700, an SF is independent of a 5G CN, e.g., typically used for local field scenarios or private networks and the interaction with the 5G core is minimal. A primary implementation is to use the SF close to a RAN (e.g., to collect and process the sensing radio signals locally) and interact with 5G core for the purpose of exposure via an NEF, e.g., for obtaining the UE location from an AMF and for analytics (NWDAF) .
[0073] In some example implementations, a sensing controller entity / function (e.g., sensMF) is defined, which includes one or multiple of a UE, a RAN node, a gNB / gNB-CU, an LMF, an SF, or a combination thereof. The sensMF may perform one or multiple of: (a) receiving a request for sensing information from a service consumer (e.g., requesting a third-party application) ; (b) determining a selection and / or a configuration of a sensing operation, including the configuration of one or more of a sensing transmitter node, or a sensing receiver node; (c) selecting and / or configuring the involved transmitter and receiver nodes for sensing transmission and sensing reception and sensing measurement and reporting of the conducted measurements; (d) collecting the sensing measurements; (e) performing, configuring, and / or requesting computation of the sensing measurements and thereby determining sensing information based on the obtained sensing measurements; and (f) reporting and / or exposing obtained sensing information to the entity requesting the sensing information.
[0074] In some examples, a sensMF may include multiple nodes and / or entities, and one or more first parts of the above-mentioned steps may be implemented by a first part of the sensMF and one or more second parts of the above steps may be implemented by a second part of the sensMF, e.g., implemented in the SF and a gNB. In some examples where the sensMF includes multiple nodes / entities, communication among the sensMF entities may be transparent to outside entities. Further, communication among the sensMF entities may be assumed to be implicit to the overall procedure. In some examples, where a sensMF includes an SF and a gNB (e.g., serving / head gNB of a related UE to the sensing task or a selected serving gNB for a sensing task) , the SF may perform steps a, f, e, and d (above) and the selected gNB node may perform the steps b and c.
[0075] In some implementations, the SF and the selected gNB may jointly perform steps b and d above, where the SF may perform a first part of the configuration / configuration determination and the selected gNB may perform a second part of the configuration / configuration determination. The sensMF may be a RAN node (e.g., a selected gNB node acting as serving gNB of a sensing task) , an SF residing in a CN, a UE, and / or a combination thereof.
[0076] In some examples, different downlink measurements including downlink PRS-reference signal receive power (RSRP) measurements, downlink reference signal timing difference (RSTD) measurements, and UE receiver-transmitter time difference measurements may be required for some supported RAT-dependent positioning techniques, as described with reference to Table 1. The following measurement configurations may be specified: (1) 4 pairs of downlink TSTD measurements may be performed per pair of cells, where each measurement may be performed between a different pair of downlink PRS resources or resource sets with a single reference timing; (2) 8 downlink PRS RSRP measurements may be performed on different downlink PRS resources from the same cell.
[0077] Table 1. Positioning measurement definitions for downlink-based and uplink-based positioning
[0078] A UE may follow requirements regarding measurement reporting in an RRC_CONNECTED state. The requirements may include intra-frequency, inter-frequency, inter-RAT Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) frequency division duplex (FDD) , inter-RAT E-UTRAN time division duplex (TDD) , and layer 1 (L1) -RSRP measurement requirements. These measurements may be used by an NG-RAN. Measurement quantities may be defined in TS 38.214, measurement models may be defined in TS 38.300 and TS 37.340, and measurement accuracies may be specified in clause 10. Control of measurement reporting may be specified in TS 38.331.
[0079] If a UE requires measurement gaps to identify and measure intra-frequency cells, inter-frequency cells, inter-RAT E-UTRAN cells, or a combination thereof, and the UE lacks support for independent measurement gap patterns for different FRs as specified in Table 2, in order for the requirements in the following clauses to apply, a network must provide a single per-UE measurement gap pattern for concurrent monitoring of all frequency layers.
[0080] If the UE requires measurement gaps to identify and measure intra-frequency cells, inter-frequency cells, inter-RAT E-UTRAN cells, or a combination thereof, and the UE supports independent measurement gap patterns for different FRs as specified in Table 2, in order for the requirements in the following clauses to apply, the network must provide either per-FR measurement gap patterns for FRs where the UE requires per-FR measurement faps for concurrent monitoring of all frequency layers of each FR independently, or a single per-UE measurement gap pattern for concurrent monitoring of all frequency layers of all FRs.
[0081] If the UE is configured via an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) to measure PRSs for any RSTD, PRS-RSRP, UE receiver-transmitter time difference, and PRS-RSRPP measurement defined in TS 38.215, in order for the requirements to apply, the network must provide the following: a single per-UE measurement gap pattern for concurrent monitoring of all positioning frequency layers and intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and / or inter-RAT frequency layers of all FRs; if the UE supports independent measurement gap patterns for different FRs for PRS measurements, i.e. supporting independentGapConfigPRS-r17, per-FR measurement gap patterns for the FR for concurrent monitoring of all positioning frequency layers and intra-frequency, inter-frequency cells and / or inter-RAT frequency layers in the corresponding FRs.
[0082] During the per-UE measurement gaps, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding E-UTRAN primary cell (PCell) , E-UTRAN secondary cells (SCell (s) ) and NR serving cells for E-UTRA-NR dual connectivity except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedures according to TS38.321. Alternatively, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding NR serving cells for stand-alone (SA) communications (with single carrier or carrier aggregation (CA) configured) except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) , PRS measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedures. Alternatively, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding PCell, SCell (s) and E-UTRAN serving cells for NR-E-UTRA dual connectivity except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) , PRS measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedures. Alternatively, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding NR serving cells for NR-DC except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) , PRS measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedures.
[0083] During the per-FR measurement gaps, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding E-UTRAN PCell, E-UTRAN SCell (s) and NR serving cells in the corresponding FR for E-UTRA-NR dual connectivity except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedures. Alternatively, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding NR serving cells in the corresponding FR for SA (with single carrier or CA configured) except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) , PRS measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedures. Alternatively, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding PCell, SCell (s) and E-UTRAN serving cells in the corresponding FR for NR-E-UTRA dual connectivity except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) , PRS measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedures according to TS38.321. Alternatively, the UE may not be required to conduct reception or transmission from or to the corresponding NR serving cells in the corresponding FR for NR-dual connectivity except the reception of signals used for RRM measurement (s) , PRS measurement (s) and the signals used for random access procedure according to TS38.321.
[0084] In some implementations, the UE shall support the measurement gap patterns listed in Table 2 based on the applicability specified in Table 2. The UE may determine measurement gap timing based on a gap offset configuration and a measurement gap timing advance configuration provided via higher-layer signaling, as specified in TS 38.331 and TS 36.331.
[0085] Table 2. Gap Pattern Configurations
[0086] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a time-domain representation 800 of transmitted and echo pulses in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Radar signals may be characterized by pulses that are modulated onto an RF carrier and are used to detect single / multiple objects that can be resolved in the time domain, as shown in the time-domain representation 800.
[0087] Communication and radar technologies have been traditionally deployed as separate or independent systems, each with a separate waveform. There are, however, use cases such as automotive, smart factory, medical monitoring, and the like where joint radio communications and radar sensing using the same waveform may be considered beneficial for efficient usage of the RF spectrum as well as usage of the same hardware to perform high data rate communications and precise ranging. Radar systems may be classified into the following categories: monostatic radar, bistatic radar, and multistatic radar. A monostatic radar system is one in which a transmitter and a receiver may be collocated. A bistatic radar system includes a transmitter and a receiver that may be separated by a distance comparable to an expected target distance. A multistatic radar system may include multiple spatially diverse monostatic radar or bistatic radar components within an overlapping coverage area.
[0088] In a basic scenario, for a single reflector, a pulse with a measured round-trip time t may allow a range R with respect to an object to be calculated as: Arange resolution ΔR may be calculated as: where τ may represent a pulse width and c may represent the speed of light. Radar pulses may usually be transmitted periodically so that range information may be provided in real time. As depicted in Figure 8, there may be a rest time (listening time) where the radar pulses may wait for a returning echo signal.
[0089] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a measurement gap configuration 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The measurement gap configuration 900 illustrates an example of a measurement gap 902 and a measurement gap 904 (e.g., time interval) configured for base stations, TRPs, gNBs, or xNBs.
[0090] The techniques described herein are related to systematic procedures for determining sensing-related information including, e.g., doppler, velocity, delay, angle, position, orientation, and size / shape associated with one or more targets in a wireless communication network. These techniques describe different use cases and scenarios in which sensing of one or more targets may be performed depending on which one or multiple wireless communication entities or nodes is configuring a reference signal for sensing purposes, or both, transmitting the said reference signal, receiving the said reference signal, performing a measurement of the said reference signal, and determining relevant sensing and radar metrics based on the measurement. Various combinations of wireless communication entities or nodes may perform the described task depending on numerous sensing scenarios, as described in Table 3.
[0091] Table 3. Sensing Scenarios
[0092] Additionally, the one or more targets to be sensed may be categorized as device-free / passive, which includes targets that are objects not associated with a 3GPP network, or device-based / active, which includes targets that are humans or objects with or embedded in a UE, e.g., a human holding a UE, a UE embedded within an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , or a UE within an automotive vehicle.
[0093] In some implementations, a base station, a TRP, a gNB, or an xNB may be enabled to perform at least one of RAT-dependent sensing measurements and RAT-independent sensing measurements using a pre-defined set of measurement gaps (also referred to as measurement intervals and tie intervals) with associated information. RAT-dependent sensing refers to measurements that are performed using 3GPP-defined signals, e.g., reference signals, while RAT-independent sensing refers to measurements that are performed using non-3GPP-defined signals, e.g., Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, Bluetooth signals, and so forth.
[0094] In some examples, a UE, a TRP, or both may assume a configured or indicated measurement gap period to be utilized for at least a subset of known RAT-independent measurement types. In some other examples, separate measurement gap periods and / or behaviors may be enabled for different RAT-dependent operations and non-RAT-dependent operations.
[0095] In some implementations, the pre-defined measurement gaps may be defined as a base station / TRP / gNB / xNB measurement gap, which may be a time interval used to identify and measure intra-frequency NR cells, inter-frequency NR cells, inter-RAT E-UTRAN cells, intra-frequency sixth generation (6G) (e.g., next generation communication) cells, inter-frequency 6G (e.g., next generation communication) cells, or any combination thereof. A base station / TRP / gNB / xNB measurement gap may be associated with a set of configuration parameters, which may include at least an absolute RF channel number (ARFCN) , a physical cell identify (PCI) , a new cell global identity (NCGI) , a TRP identifier (TRP ID) , a base station / TRP / gNB / xNB measurement gap pattern ID, which may uniquely identify a base station / TRP / gNB / xNB measurement gap, an MGL (e.g., on the order of milliseconds (ms) , seconds, etc. ) , which may define a length in time of the measurement gap, and an MGRP, which may define a periodic interval for which the configured measurement gap may be repeated.
[0096] Additionally, or alternatively, a measurement gap (e.g., time interval) may be defined with at least one of a start time, an end time, a periodicity, a time interval length, an association with a previously-described timing pattern (e.g., a time-pattern ID previously defined with one or more of a periodicity or a time interval length) , where the said association applies to a subset of the said pattern (e.g., may be defined with a new start time but the same duration and periodicity, etc. ) , and a relative modification with an indicated or associated time pattern (e.g., a previously-known time pattern may be doubled in time duration, etc. ) .
[0097] The measurement gap configuration 900 may be an example of the measurement gap 902 or the measurement gap 904 configured for base stations, TRPs, gNBs, or xNBs with an MGL = 4 ms and an MGRP = 20 ms. An appropriate time or length duration and repetition of the measurement gap 902 or the measurement gap 904 may be determined using a set of input parameters, which may be signaled to desired RAN nodes (e.g., base stations, TRPs, gNBs, xNBs) . Additional parameters such as T and gapOffset may also be defined, where T = MGRP / 10 and subframe = gapOffset mod 10. In the measurement gap 902 and the measurement gap 904, gapOffset = 0, which implies that a first instance of the respective measurement gap starts at subframe 0. The parameter gapOffset may be defined with respect to a reference time or an initialization time, depending on the base station, TRP, gNB, or xNB.
[0098] According to some implementations, the measurement gap configuration 900 may be self-configured, and the configuration may be shared with other entities, e.g., a base station, a TRP, a gNB, an xNB, a UE, or an SF. In some other implementations, the measurement gap configuration 900 may be configured by another base station, TRP, gNB, or xNB, for example, in the case of same network vendor deployments.
[0099] In some examples, one variant of the reference time with respect to the start of the measurement gap may be defined as T0+tRS, where T0 may represent a nominal beginning time of System Frame Number (SFN) 0 provided by an SFN initialization time, and tRS may represent a reception time of a reference signal used for sensing or positioning, e.g., a downlink PRS, an SRS, or another reference signal for sensing purposes given by tRS= (10nf+nsf) ×10-3, where nf may represent the SFN and nsf may represent the subframe number of the reference signal used for sensing or positioning, respectively.
[0100] In some implementations, the reference time may be determined based on information associated with a synchronization source or a clock of a RAN entity (e.g., a TRP) . Examples of clock synchronization sources may include the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) , or in some cases, an internal clock corresponding to each TRP. A sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver may align on the same synchronization or clock source before determining the reference time, for example, to use the reference time to determine a start of the measurement gap configuration 900. Alternatively, the sensing transmitter or the sensing receiver may signal an indication to a NE (e.g., a configuration entity, a sensing result computation entity, or a sensing transmitter) that the synchronization source has changed and include a new synchronization source, if applicable.
[0101] In some examples, the MGL of the measurement gap 902 or the measurement gap 904 may depend on reception of target reflection paths including LOS and non-LOS (NLOS) reflections, which in turn may depend on factors such as radar cross section (RCS) of a target, environment (e.g., indoor or outdoor) , clutter density (an amount of environmental objects or clutter in a given environment, e.g., percentage of surface area occupied by clutter) , and a distance between the sensing transmitter and the target, and the target and the sensing receiver.
[0102] Based on receiving a configuration or request for performing a sensing transmission or a reception and measurement, a base station or TRP may assume a pre-known or pre-configured measurement gap. Alternatively, the base station or TRP may assume activation of an apriori configured measurement gap, where the said measurement gap may support performance of the configured or requested measurement.
[0103] Figure 10 illustrates an example signaling diagram 1000 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, the signaling diagram 1000 may include a NE 1002 and one or more RAN entities 1004 (e.g., a RAN entity-1, a RAN entity-2, a RAN entity-n, etc. ) . The signaling diagram 1000 may represent a procedure to configure and activate a measurement gap (e.g., a base station / TRP / gNB / xNB measurement gap) . In the signaling diagram 1000, the NE 1002 may act as a configuration entity or a sensing result computation entity, and may be a RAN entity or a CN entity. The RAN entity 1004 may act as a measurement entity, and may be a base station, a TRP, a gNB, or an xNB.
[0104] At 1006, the RAN entity 1004 may request a measurement gap configuration. In some examples, the RAN entity 1004 may transmit the request if it is to perform sensing or location measurements but a measurement gap is either not configured or insufficient for the measurements, or if the RAN entity 1004 requires measurement gaps to acquire subframe and slot timing of a target xG, e.g., 6G, NR, or E-UTRA system before requesting measurement gaps for inter-RAT sensing measurements. In some implementations, the RAN entity 1004 may transmit the request via an Xn or other sensing interface.
[0105] At 1008, the NE 1002 may transmit one or more configurations to the RAN entity 1004. The configuration may indicate one or more parameters for performing sensing or communication-related measurements, and the parameters may include one or more measurement gaps for performing the measurements. The NE 1002 may configure the measurement gaps (also referred to herein as a sensing measurement interval) for one or more base stations, TRPs, gNBs, or xNBs according to a sensing transmission and a number of targets that are to be measured based on some parameters such as a measurement gap ID, an MGL, an MGRP, and a gapOffset, among other parameters. In some implementations the configuration of the measurement gaps may be for use at a future time instance, and as such the RAN entity 1004 may store the configuration until the future time. Additionally, each measurement gap may be associated with priority indicators, where higher-priority measurement gaps may be configured before lower-priority measurement gaps. In some examples, the NE 1002 may transmit the configuration via RAN-RAN signaling (e.g., an Xn interface) or RAN-SF-RAN signaling (e.g., via NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) or another dedicated signaling interface or protocol between an SF and one or more RAN nodes) .
[0106] At least one of the following parameters may be configured or pre-configured and associated with the one or more measurement gaps.
[0107] A parameter gapAssociationSensingRS may indicate that a PRS, an SRS or another sensing reference signal measurement is associated with the measurement gap. The NE 1002 may include this field per-TRP measurement gap or per-FR measurement gap. If concurrent measurement gap (e.g., one of the measurement gap combination as defined in Table 2 or a new measurement gap combination for TRPs) is configured and no measurement gap is configured with this field, the sensing measurement may be associated with the gap configured via GapConfig (without suffix) , if available. If both per-TRP measurement gap and per-FR measurement gap are configured via GapConfig and / or GapConfig-r17, the sensing reference signal measurement may always be associated with the per-TRP measurement gap. The gapAssociationSensingRS parameter may have a value of {True, False} .
[0108] A parameter gapAssociationSensingandPositioningRS may indicate that the measurement gap is configured for both sensing and positioning operations. For example, the measurement gap may be used for the measurement of PRSs, SRSs, other sensing reference signals, synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) , and other reference signal types. The gapAssociationSensingandPositioningRS parameter may have a value of {True, False} .
[0109] A parameter gapFR1 may indicate a measurement gap configuration that applies only to FR1. The applicability of the FR1 measurement gap may be according to, e.g., Table 2 or a new measurement gap combination for TRPs.
[0110] A parameter gapFR2 may indicate a measurement gap configuration that applies only to FR2. The applicability of the FR2 measurement gap may be according to, e.g., Table 2 or a new measurement gap combination for TRPs.
[0111] A parameter gapFR3 may indicate a measurement gap configuration that applies only to FR3. The applicability of the FR3 measurement gap may be according to, e.g., Table 2 or a new measurement gap combination for TRPs.
[0112] A parameter gapOffset may indicate a gap offset of a gap pattern with an MGRP indicated in the mgrp parameter or field. A value of the gapOffset parameter may be a range as an integer interval expressed in ms, e.g., {0, ..., 159} .
[0113] A parameter measGapId may indicate an ID of a particular TRP measurement gap configuration. The value of the measGapId parameter may be a defined ID.
[0114] A parameter mgl may represent an MGL (e.g., a time interval) in ms of the measurement gap. The mgl parameter may have an enumerated value range in ms, e.g., {1, ..., 20}.
[0115] A parameter mgrp may indicate a TRP MGRP. The mgrp parameter may have an enumerated value range in ms, e.g., {20, 40, 60, 80, 160} .
[0116] A parameter mgta may indicate a measurement gap timing advance (MGTA) in ms. The mgta parameter may have an enumerated value range in ms.
[0117] A parameter sensingMeasGapPreConfigToAddModList may indicate a list of preconfigured measurement gaps for sensing to add and / or modify. Any configured measurement gaps may be associated with the sensing measurement of a sensing reference signal, a PRS, or an SRS (e.g., an RSTD, a gNB, xNB, or a receiver-transmitter time difference, a reference signal RSRP, one-way Doppler, two-way Doppler, azimuth or elevation AoD and AoA, and reference signal RSRPP.
[0118] A parameter posMeasGapPreConfigToReleaseList may indicate a list of preconfigured measurement gaps for sensing to release. Any configured measurement gaps may be associated with the sensing measurement of a sensing reference signal, a PRS, or an SRS (e.g., an RSTD, a gNB, xNB, or a receiver-transmitter time difference, a reference signal RSRP, one-way Doppler, two-way Doppler, azimuth or elevation AoD and AoA, and reference signal RSRPP.
[0119] A parameter preConfigInd may indicate whether a measurement gap is a pre-configured measurement gap.
[0120] A parameter gapPriority may indicate an explicit priority of a measurement gap. For example, a value of 1 for gapPriority may indicate a highest priority, a value of 2 may indicate a second level priority, and so on.
[0121] A parameter gapSharing may indicate a measurement gap sharing percentage with regard to a legacy RAT, e.g., (LTE (E-UTRAN) , NR) and a current RAT (e.g., 6G for various reference signals including SSBs, CSI-RSs, PRSs, SRSs, and other sensing reference signals that apply to the configuration) . The parameter gapSharing may apply to intra-frequency or inter-frequency measurements. The value of gapSharing may be determined according to Table 4. It may be left to a gNB, xNB, or TRP implementation to determine which measurement gap sharing scheme from Table 4 is to be applied when the gapSharing parameter is absent and there is no stored value in the field. Additionally, a sharing allocation of a gap is based on a value if Y, where Kintra-freq = 1 / Y *100, and Kinter-freq = 1 / (100 –Y) *100.
[0122] Table 4
[0123] A parameter gapType may indicate a type of measurement gap. The value of gapType may be enumerated, e.g., {perTRP, perxNB, perFR1, perFR2, perFR3} . For example, a value “perTRP” or “perxNB” may indicate a per-TRP or per-xNB measurement gap, a value “perFR1” may indicate an FR1 measurement gap, a value “perFR2” may indicate an FR2 measurement gap, a value “perFR3” may indicate an FR3 measurement gap, and so on.
[0124] The configuration may include other parameters relevant to the sensing and communication-related measurements. In addition, the measurement gaps may be configured and used for FR1, FR2, or FR3. In some implementations, measurement gaps may be configured or pre-configured up to a limit, which may be specified. If a limit is reached, then the NE 1002 may release one or more prior measurement gaps and apply a new measurement gap configuration. Additionally, the measurement gap is configured or pre-configured independently from any other reference signal configuration (e.g., a downlink PRS configuration, an SRS configuration, or another sensing reference signal configuration) .
[0125] At 1010, the NE 1002 may transmit, to the RAN entity 1004, an activation message (e.g., an activation or setup message or command) that activates a first measurement gap. The NE 1002 may transmit the activation message for cases where the RAN entity 1004 already knows a pre-configured measurement gap, or to activate the first measurement gap at a future time instance. In some examples, the activation message may be included in the transmission of the configuration at 1008. In some implementations, the NE 1002 may transmit the activation message via an Xn or other sensing interface.
[0126] At 1012, the RAN entity 1004 may perform one or more measurements (e.g., sensing measurements) based on receiving a sensing reference signal and based on the configuration. For example, the RAN entity 1004 may perform a sensing measurement during the first measurement gap. Ins some implementations, there may be multiple active measurement gaps for a RAN entity 1004 or other measurement entity for different types of measurements (e.g., sensing, positioning, or communication-related) , or the RAN entity 1004 may perform different measurements concurrently during a same active configured or pre-configured measurement gap. In some implementations, the first measurement gap may not be limited to sensing measurements, but may also support other measurements, including RRM measurements such as SSB, CSI-RS, cross link interference, and positioning measurements, among others. In some examples, the NE 1002 may configure either a common measurement gap for various measurements or a sensing-specific measurement gap for sensing measurements, depending on the scenario.
[0127] At 1014, in some implementations, the NE 1002 may transmit, to the RAN entity 1004, a separate deactivation message (e.g., a deactivation or release message or command) that deactivates a (pre-) configured measurement gap. For example, the NE 1002 may transmit the deactivation message to deactivate the first measurement gap. In some examples, the NE 1002 may transmit the deactivation message after the RAN entity 1004 has completed the relevant measurements. In implementations where the RAN entity 1004 is a TRP, the TRP may self-deactivate the first measurement gap and transmit an indication to the NE 1002 that the first measurement gap has been deactivated. In some implementations, the NE 1002 may transmit the deactivation message via an Xn or other sensing interface.
[0128] In some examples, the (pre-) configured measurement gaps described herein may enable measurement entities such as a RAN entity 1004 to switch or deactivate particular RF chains for energy saving purposes, and rely on self-derived or configured measurement gaps (received from the NE 1002) . This may allow the RAN entity 1004, for example, to retune its frequency one instance at a time in case only one RF chain is active at a given time. The RAN entity 1004 may momentarily pause communications (e.g., transmission and reception) to perform some different measurements received from different entities, e.g., RAN nodes or UEs for different purposes. In addition, the configured measurement gaps may enable a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a gNB, or an xNB) to perform inter-frequency measurements from other nodes, which may or may not be a part of the same deployment.
[0129] Figure 11 illustrates an example signaling diagram 1100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, the signaling diagram 1100 may include a NE 1102 and one or more UEs 1104 (e.g., a UE-1, a UE-2, a UE-n, etc. ) . The signaling diagram 1100 may represent a procedure to configure UE-specific measurement gaps for the purposes of performing sensing measurements, including RAT-dependent sensing measurements, RAT-independent sensing measurements, or both. In the signaling diagram 1100, the NE 1102 may act as a configuration entity or a sensing result computation entity, and may also be a RAN or a CN entity. The UE 1104 may act as a measurement entity, which may alternatively be a RAN entity (e.g., a base station, a TRP, an SMC, a gNB, an xNB) .
[0130] At 1106, the UE 1104 may transmit a request for a measurement gap configuration via uplink signaling. In some examples, the UE 1104 may transmit the request if the UE 1104 is to perform sensing or location measurements but a measurement gap is either not configured or insufficient for the measurements, or if the UE 1104 needs measurement gaps to acquire subframe and slot timing of a target 6G, NR, or E-UTRA system before requesting measurement gaps for inter-RAT sensing measurements. The signaling mechanism for transmitting the request may include uplink signaling (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ) , radio resource control (RRC) uplink signaling (e.g., an RRCSensingMeasurementIndication message) , or an uplink sensing protocol message. In some implementations, the UE 1104 may transmit the request based on knowledge that the UE 1104 is aware of one or more targets to be sensed or detected. In some implementations, prior to transmitting the request for the measurement gap configuration, the UE 1104 may ensure a successful AS security activation.
[0131] At 1108, the NE 1102 may transmit a configuration to the UE 1104 via downlink signaling. The configuration may indicate one or more parameters for performing sensing or communication-related measurements, and the parameters may include one or more measurement gaps for performing the measurements. That is, the NE 1102 may configure a measurement gap (e.g., sensing measurement interval) for the UE 1104 and any other measurement entities according to a sensing transmission and a number of targets to be measured, and based on parameters such as a UE measurement gap ID, a UE MGL, a UE MGRP, a UE gapOffset, and so forth. The same configuration parameters described herein with reference to Figure 10 may be applied to this configuration (in the context of a UE 1104 as opposed to a TRP) . For example, the configuration parameters may include at least one of gapAssociationSensingRS, gapAssociationSensingandPositioningRS, gapFR1, gapFR2, gapFR3, gapOffset, measGapId, mgl, mgrp, mgta, sensingMeasGapPreConfigToAddModList, posMeasGapPreConfigToReleaseList, preConfigInd, gapPriority, gapSharing, or gapType. The configuration may include other parameters relevant to the sensing and communication-related measurements.
[0132] In addition, the measurement gaps may be configured and used for FR1, FR2, or FR3. In some implementations, measurement gaps may be configured or pre-configured up to a limit, which may be specified. If a limit is reached, then the NE 1102 may release one or more prior measurement gaps and apply a new measurement gap configuration. Additionally, the measurement gap is configured or pre-configured independently from any other reference signal configuration (e.g., a downlink PRS configuration, an SRS configuration, or another sensing reference signal configuration) . Additionally, each measurement gap may be associated with priority indicators, where higher-priority measurement gaps may be configured before lower-priority measurement gaps.
[0133] At 1110, the NE 1102 may transmit an activation message (e.g., an activation or setup message or command) via downlink signaling that activates a first measurement gap of the configured measurement gaps. In some implementations, the NE 1102 may transmit the activation message when the UE 1104 has pre-configured the measurement gap based on prior configuration signaling. In another implementation, the NE 1102 may transmit the activation message jointly with the configuration at 1108.
[0134] At 1112, the UE 1104 may perform one or more measurements (e.g., sensing measurements) based on the reception of a sensing reference signal. For example, the UE 1104 may perform a sensing measurement during the first measurement gap.
[0135] At 1114, the UE 1104 may transmit a request to the NE 1102 via uplink signaling to deactivate the first measurement gap. In some examples, the UE 1104 may transmit the request based on completion of the relevant measurements.
[0136] At 1116, the NE 1102 may transmit a deactivation message (e.g., a deactivation or release message or command) via downlink signaling that deactivates the first measurement gap. In some examples, the NE 1102 may transmit the deactivation message in response to receiving the request from the UE 1104 and / or based on the UE 1104 completing the relevant measurements.
[0137] Figure 12 illustrates an example signaling diagram 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, the signaling diagram 1200 may include a NE 1202, one or more UEs 1204 (e.g., a UE-1, a UE-2, a UE-n, etc. ) , and a UE 1206. The signaling diagram 1200 may represent a procedure in which a sensing transmitter initiates a configuration of TRP-specific or UE-specific measurement gaps for the purposes of performing sensing measurements, including RAT-dependent sensing measurements, RAT-independent sensing measurements, or both. In the signaling diagram 1200, the NE 1202 may act as a configuration entity or a sensing result computation entity, and may also be a RAN or a CN entity. The UE 1204 may act as a measurement entity, which may alternatively be a RAN entity (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a gNB, an xNB) . The UE 1206 may act as a sensing transmitter.
[0138] At 1208, the UE 1206 may transmit a request for a measurement gap configuration that includes one or more TRP-specific measurement gap configurations, UE-specific measurement gap configurations, or both. The UE 1206 may transmit the request via uplink signaling. In some examples, the UE 1206 may transmit the request if the UE 1206 is to perform sensing or location measurements but a measurement gap is either not configured or insufficient for the measurements, or if the UE 1204 needs measurement gaps to acquire subframe and slot timing of a target 6G, NR, or E-UTRA system before requesting measurement gaps for inter-RAT sensing measurements. The signaling mechanism for transmitting the request may include uplink signaling (e.g., PUSCH) , RRC uplink signaling (e.g., an RRCSensingMeasurementIndication message) , or an uplink sensing protocol message. In some implementations, the UE 1204 may transmit the request based on knowledge that the UE 1204 is aware of one or more targets to be sensed or detected. In some implementations, prior to transmitting the request for the measurement gap configuration, the UE 1204 may ensure a successful AS security activation.
[0139] At 1210, the NE 1202 may transmit a configuration to the UE 1204 via an Xn or sensing interface, or via downlink signaling. The configuration may indicate one or more parameters for performing sensing or communication-related measurements, and the parameters may include one or more measurement gaps for performing the measurements. That is, the NE 1202 may configure a measurement gap (e.g., sensing measurement interval) for the UE 1204 and any other measurement entities according to a sensing transmission and a number of targets to be measured, and based on parameters such as a TRP / UE measurement gap ID, a TRP / UE MGL, a TRP / UE MGRP, a TRP / UE gapOffset, and so forth. The same configuration parameters described herein with reference to Figure 10 may be applied to this configuration (in the context of a UE 1204 as opposed to a TRP) . For example, the configuration parameters may include at least one of gapAssociationSensingRS, gapAssociationSensingandPositioningRS, gapFR1, gapFR2, gapFR3, gapOffset, measGapId, mgl, mgrp, mgta, sensingMeasGapPreConfigToAddModList, posMeasGapPreConfigToReleaseList, preConfigInd, gapPriority, gapSharing, or gapType. The configuration may include other parameters relevant to the sensing and communication-related measurements. In some implementations, the UE 1204 or another measurement entity may receive a pre-configured measurement gap for use at a future time instance and store the measurement gap for such later use.
[0140] In addition, the measurement gaps may be configured and used for FR1, FR2, or FR3. In some implementations, measurement gaps may be configured or pre-configured up to a limit, which may be specified. If a limit is reached, then the NE 1202 may release one or more prior measurement gaps and apply a new measurement gap configuration. Additionally, the measurement gap is configured or pre-configured independently from any other reference signal configuration (e.g., a downlink PRS configuration, an SRS configuration, or another sensing reference signal configuration) . Additionally, each measurement gap may be associated with priority indicators, where higher-priority measurement gaps may be configured before lower-priority measurement gaps.
[0141] At 1212, the NE 1202 may transmit a confirmation message to the UE 1206 acting as the sensing transmitter via downlink signaling. The confirmation message may indicate, to the UE 1206, that the NE 1202 transmitted the configuration to the UE 1204.
[0142] At 1214, the NE 1202 may transmit an activation message (e.g., an activation or setup message or command) via an Xn or sensing interface or via downlink signaling that activates a first measurement gap of the configured measurement gaps. In some implementations, the NE 1202 may transmit the activation message when the UE 1204 has pre-configured the measurement gap based on prior configuration signaling. In another implementation, the NE 1202 may transmit the activation message jointly with the configuration at 1210.
[0143] At 1216, the UE 1206 may transmit a sensing reference signal to the UE 1204. At 1218, the UE 1204 may perform one or more measurements (e.g., sensing measurements) based on receiving the sensing reference signal. For example, the UE 1204 may perform a sensing measurement during the first measurement gap.
[0144] At 1220, the UE 1204 may transmit a request to the NE 1202 via an Xn or sensing interface or via uplink signaling to deactivate the first measurement gap. In some examples, the UE 1204 may transmit the request based on completion of the relevant measurements. In some implementations, for measurement entities that are TRPs, a TRP may self-deactivate the first measurement gap and transmit an indication to the NE 1202 that the first measurement gap has been deactivated.
[0145] At 1222, the NE 1202 may transmit a deactivation message (e.g., a deactivation or release message or command) via an Xn or sensing interface or via downlink signaling that deactivates the first measurement gap. In some examples, the NE 1202 may transmit the deactivation message in response to receiving the request from the UE 1204 and / or based on the UE 1204 completing the relevant measurements.
[0146] Figure 13 illustrates an example signaling configuration 1300 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, the signaling configuration 1300 may include a sensing receiver 1302, a sensing receiver 1304, a sensing transmitter 1306, and a target 1308. The sensing receiver 1302 and the sensing receiver 1304 may be UEs or TRPs, and the sensing transmitter may be a UE or a TRP. The target 1308 may be an object or a human, and in some cases may be associated with or embedded in a UE. In some examples, the signaling configuration 1300 may include more than one target 1308. The signaling configuration 1300 may support LOS (e.g., direct) transmissions that may set a reference time for receiving and measuring reflected signal paths related to a target.
[0147] According to the signaling configuration 1300, the sensing receiver 1302 and the sensing receiver 1304 may receive direct reference signal transmissions from the sensing transmitter 1306. For example, the sensing transmitter 1306 may transmit an LOS signal 1310 to the sensing receiver 1302 and an LOS signal 1312 to the sensing receiver 1304. In such cases, the direct reference signal transmissions may imply the reception of the LOS signal 1310 and the LOS signal 1312 or respective first-arrival-path (FAP) signal to determine a relative time or path delay of signals reflected off the target 1308. The reception timing of the LOS signal 1310 and the LOS signal 1312 may enable the sensing receiver 1302 and the sensing receiver 1304 to measure signals reflected from potential targets, such as a reflected signal 1314.
[0148] The signaling configuration 1300 may apply for TRP-only bistatic deployments or UE-only bistatic deployments, which may not be perfectly synchronized or may suffer some synchronization error. Together with the measurement gap configurations or pre-configurations described herein, the signaling configuration 1300 may assist in configuring a start time of a measurement gap based on the sensing receivers 1302 and 1304 receiving the LOS signals 1310 and 1312. The LOS signals 1310 and 1312 may be reference signals including downlink PRSs, SRSs, other sensing reference signals, SSBs, CSI-RSs, and so forth.
[0149] In some implementations, the sensing receivers 1302 and 1304 may be enabled to listen to and measure both direct and reflected signals. The sensing receivers 1302 and 1304 may use the received and measured LOS signals 1310 and 1312 (which are direct, first path transmissions) as a reference time to assist in configuring one or more measurement gaps.
[0150] In some examples, if a TRP is configured to receive an LOS signal 1310 or 1312 as a reference time for receiving the reflected signal 1314 (e.g., a reflected path) , then a sensing receiver 1304, for example, and the TRP may align the reference signal and a reference signal transmitted for measurement during the measurement gap such that the sensing receiver 1304 may measure the reflected signal 1314 off the target 1308 relative to the LOS or direct path measurement gap. In another implementation, the sensing receiver 1304 may receive and measure the reflected signal 1314 within the measurement gap, and may consider the reflected signal 1314 for reporting to a centralized sensing result computation entity (e.g., an SF) . In another implementation, the sensing receiver 1304 may proactively request or self-configure a longer measurement gap if one or more reflected paths fall outside the measurement gap, or if the measurement gap is deemed too short in duration (e.g., in time) .
[0151] In some examples, if a UE is configured to receive the LOS signal 1312 as a reference time for receiving the reflected signal 1314, then the sensing transmitter 1306 and the UE may align the reference signal transmission and the measurement gap transmission such that the reflected signal 1314 from the target 1308 may be measured relative to the LOS signal 1312 within the measurement gap. In another implementation, one or more reflected signals may be received and measured within the measurement gap, and may be considered for reporting to a centralized sensing result computation entity (e.g., an SF) . In some implementations, the sensing receiver 1304 may proactively request a longer measurement gap, if the one or more reflected signals fall outside of the measurement gap or the measurement gap is deemed too short in duration (e.g., in time) .
[0152] In some implementations, a measurement gap configuration (for example, as described herein with reference to Figures 10 through 12) may be based on at least one of the knowledge of the approximate location or area or the target 1308 or approximate RCS information including size, shape, material properties, and so forth. Additionally, or alternatively, the LOS or direct reference signal transmission configuration may or may not overlap with the reference signal transmission configuration designed to detect or sense the target 1308, and may be configured by a centralized sensing result computation entity (e.g., an SF) .
[0153] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a UE 1400 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 1400 may include a processor 1402, a memory 1404, a controller 1406, and a transceiver 1408. The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the controller 1406, or the transceiver 1408, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0154] The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the controller 1406, or the transceiver 1408, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0155] The processor 1402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1402 may be configured to operate the memory 1404. In some other implementations, the memory 1404 may be integrated into the processor 1402. The processor 1402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1404 to cause the UE 1400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0156] The memory 1404 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1402 cause the UE 1400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1404 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0157] In some implementations, the processor 1402 and the memory 1404 coupled with the processor 1402 may be configured to cause the UE 1400 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1402, instructions stored in the memory 1404) . For example, the processor 1402 may support wireless communication at the UE 1400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
[0158] The UE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; receiving a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and performing a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.
[0159] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1400 may be configured to support a means for receiving a second message that deactivated the first measurement gap. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1400 may be configured to support a means for transmitting a request for the configuration, where the configuration is received based on the request. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to the UE for performing one or more sensing measurements. Additionally, or alternatively, the configuration is specific to a TRP, where the one or more parameters includes at least one of a measurement gap pattern identifier, an MGL, an MGRP, or a measurement gap offset.
[0160] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1400 may be configured to support a means for receiving the reference signal based on the configuration, where the measurement is performed during the first measurement gap based on receiving the reference signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1400 may be configured to support a means for receiving an LOS signal that represents a time instance relative to a reflected signal path off one or more targets; and receiving the reference signal based on the LOS signal, where the reference signal and the LOS signal are aligned in time, and where the reference signal is associated with sensing or communications.
[0161] Additionally, or alternatively, a start time of the set of multiple measurement gaps is based on the LOS signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters for performing the one or more measurements are associated with at least one of an FR1 band, an FR2 band, or an FR3 band. Additionally, or alternatively, the measurement is performed for at least one of intra-frequency cells, intra-RAT cells, inter-frequency cells, or inter-RAT cells. Additionally, or alternatively, the reference signal is a sensing reference signal or a downlink PRS. Additionally, or alternatively, the set of multiple measurement gaps is pre-configured for use at a future time instance.
[0162] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1400 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1404) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1402) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE 1400 to: receive a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; receive a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and perform a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.
[0163] Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one processor may be configured to cause the UE 1400 to receive a second message that deactivated the first measurement gap. Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one processor may be configured to cause the UE 1400 to transmit a request for the configuration, where the configuration is received based on the request. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to the UE for performing one or more sensing measurements. Additionally, or alternatively, the configuration is specific to a TRP, where the one or more parameters includes at least one of a measurement gap pattern identifier, an MGL, an MGRP, or a measurement gap offset.
[0164] Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one processor may be configured to cause the UE 1400 to receive the reference signal based on the configuration, where the measurement is performed during the first measurement gap based on receiving the reference signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one processor may be configured to cause the UE 1400 to receive an LOS signal that represents a time instance relative to a reflected signal path off one or more targets; and receiving the reference signal based on the LOS signal, where the reference signal and the LOS signal are aligned in time, and where the reference signal is associated with sensing or communications.
[0165] Additionally, or alternatively, a start time of the set of multiple measurement gaps is based on the LOS signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters for performing the one or more measurements are associated with at least one of an FR1 band, an FR2 band, or an FR3 band. Additionally, or alternatively, the measurement is performed for at least one of intra-frequency cells, intra-RAT cells, inter-frequency cells, or inter-RAT cells. Additionally, or alternatively, the reference signal is a sensing reference signal or a downlink PRS. Additionally, or alternatively, the set of multiple measurement gaps is pre-configured for use at a future time instance.
[0166] The controller 1406 may manage input and output signals for the UE 1400. The controller 1406 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 1400. In some implementations, the controller 1406 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1406 may be implemented as part of the processor 1402.
[0167] In some implementations, the UE 1400 may include at least one transceiver 1408. In some other implementations, the UE 1400 may have more than one transceiver 1408. The transceiver 1408 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1408 may include one or more receiver chains 1410, one or more transmitter chains 1412, or a combination thereof.
[0168] A receiver chain 1410 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1410 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0169] A transmitter chain 1412 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 1412 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 1412 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1412 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0170] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a processor 1500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1500 may include a controller 1502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1500 may optionally include at least one memory 1504, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0171] The processor 1500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0172] The controller 1502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1500 to cause the processor 1500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0173] The controller 1502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1502 may be configured to track memory addresses of instructions associated with the memory 1504. The controller 1502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1500 to cause the processor 1500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1500. The controller 1502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs 1506, and other functional units of the processor 1500.
[0174] The memory 1504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1500 or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 1504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1500) . In some other implementations, the memory 1504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1500) .
[0175] The memory 1504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1500, cause the processor 1500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1502 and / or the processor 1500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1504 to cause the processor 1500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1500 and / or the controller 1502 may be coupled with or to the memory 1504, the processor 1500, and the controller 1502, and may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1500 may include multiple processors and the memory 1504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0176] The one or more ALUs 1506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 1506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1500) . One or more ALUs 1506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1506 may be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0177] The processor 1500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
[0178] The processor 1500 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 1502) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1504) and configured to cause the processor to receive a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; receive a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and perform a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.
[0179] Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1500 may be configured to or operable to receive a second message that deactivated the first measurement gap. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1500 may be configured to or operable to transmit a request for the configuration, where the configuration is received based on the request. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to the UE for performing one or more sensing measurements. Additionally, or alternatively, the configuration is specific to a TRP, where the one or more parameters includes at least one of a measurement gap pattern identifier, an MGL, an MGRP, or a measurement gap offset.
[0180] Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1500 may be configured to or operable to receive the reference signal based on the configuration, where the measurement is performed during the first measurement gap based on receiving the reference signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1500 may be configured to or operable to receive an LOS signal that represents a time instance relative to a reflected signal path off one or more targets; and receiving the reference signal based on the LOS signal, where the reference signal and the LOS signal are aligned in time, and where the reference signal is associated with sensing or communications.
[0181] Additionally, or alternatively, a start time of the set of multiple measurement gaps is based on the LOS signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters for performing the one or more measurements are associated with at least one of an FR1 band, an FR2 band, or an FR3 band. Additionally, or alternatively, the measurement is performed for at least one of intra-frequency cells, intra-RAT cells, inter-frequency cells, or inter-RAT cells. Additionally, or alternatively, the reference signal is a sensing reference signal or a downlink PRS. Additionally, or alternatively, the set of multiple measurement gaps is pre-configured for use at a future time instance.
[0182] Figure 16 illustrates an example of an NE 1600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 1600 may include a processor 1602, a memory 1604, a controller 1606, and a transceiver 1608. The processor 1602, the memory 1604, the controller 1606, or the transceiver 1608, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0183] The processor 1602, the memory 1604, the controller 1606, or the transceiver 1608, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0184] The processor 1602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1602 may be configured to operate the memory 1604. In some other implementations, the memory 1604 may be integrated into the processor 1602. The processor 1602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1604 to cause the NE 1600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0185] The memory 1604 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1602 cause the NE 1600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1604 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0186] In some implementations, the processor 1602 and the memory 1604 coupled with the processor 1602 may be configured to cause the NE 1600 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1602, instructions stored in the memory 1604) . For example, the processor 1602 may support wireless communication at the NE 1600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
[0187] The NE 1600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; transmitting a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and transmitting a reference signal to be measured during the first measurement gap.
[0188] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a second message that deactivates the first measurement gap. Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving a request for the configuration, where the configuration is transmitted based on the request. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to a UE for performing one or more sensing measurements.
[0189] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE serving as a sensing transmitter, a response message confirming that the configuration was transmitted. Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1600 includes a RAN entity, and where the RAN entity further includes a base station, a TRP, a gNB, an xNB, an SMC, or a CN entity.
[0190] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1600 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1604) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1602) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE 1600 to: transmit a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements; transmit a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps; and transmit a reference signal to be measured during the first measurement gap.
[0191] Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one processor is configured to cause the NE 1600 to transmit a second message that deactivates the first measurement gap. Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one processor is configured to cause the NE 1600 to receive a request for the configuration, where the configuration is transmitted based on the request. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to a UE for performing one or more sensing measurements.
[0192] Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one processor is configured to cause the NE 1600 to transmit, to a UE serving as a sensing transmitter, a response message confirming that the configuration was transmitted. Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1600 includes a RAN entity, and where the RAN entity further includes a base station, a TRP, a gNB, an xNB, an SMC, or a CN entity.
[0193] The controller 1606 may manage input and output signals for the NE 1600. The controller 1606 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 1600. In some implementations, the controller 1606 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1606 may be implemented as part of the processor 1602.
[0194] In some implementations, the NE 1600 may include at least one transceiver 1608. In some other implementations, the NE 1600 may have more than one transceiver 1608. The transceiver 1608 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1608 may include one or more receiver chains 1610, one or more transmitter chains 1612, or a combination thereof.
[0195] A receiver chain 1610 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1610 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1610 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1610 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1610 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0196] A transmitter chain 1612 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 1612 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 1612 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1612 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0197] Figure 17 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1700 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the UE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0198] At 1702, the UE may receive a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements. In some implementations, the UE may receive the configuration based on transmitting a request for the configuration to an NE.
[0199] At 1704, the UE may receive a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps. In some examples, the UE may receive the first message if it previously lacked measurement gaps for performing the measurements.
[0200] At 1706, the UE may perform a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration. For example, the UE may perform a sensing measurement of a sensing reference signal in response to receiving the sensing reference signal.
[0201] Figure 18 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the UE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0202] At 1802, the NE may transmit a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, where the one or more parameters include a set of multiple measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements. In some implementations, the NE may transmit the configuration based on receiving a request for the configuration from a UE.
[0203] At 1804, the NE may transmit a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the set of multiple measurement gaps. In some examples, the NE may transmit the first message if the UE previously lacked measurement gaps for performing the measurements.
[0204] At 1806, the NE may transmit a reference signal to be measured by the UE during the first measurement gap. For example, the NE may transmit a sensing reference signal for a sensing measurement.
[0205] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:receive a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, wherein the one or more parameters include a plurality of measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements;receive a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the plurality of measurement gaps; andperform a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:receive a second message that deactivates the first measurement gap.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:transmit a request for the configuration, wherein the configuration is received based at least in part on the request.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to the UE for performing one or more sensing measurements.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration is specific to a transmission-reception point (TRP) , and wherein the one or more parameters includes at least one of a measurement gap pattern identifier, a measurement gap length (MGL) , a measurement gap repetition period (MGRP) , or a measurement gap offset.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:receive the reference signal based at least in part on the configuration, wherein the measurement is performed during the first measurement gap based at least in part on receiving the reference signal.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:receive a line-of-sight (LOS) signal that represents a time instance relative to a reflected signal path off one or more targets; andreceive the reference signal based at least in part on the LOS signal, wherein the reference signal and the LOS signal are aligned in time, and wherein the reference signal is associated with sensing or communications.8.The UE of claim 7, wherein a start time of the plurality of measurement gaps is based at least in part on the line-of-sight (LOS) signal.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters for performing the one or more measurements are associated with at least one of a frequency range 1 (FR1) band, a frequency range 2 (FR2) band, or a frequency range 3 (FR3) band.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein the measurement is performed for at least one of intra-frequency cells, intra-radio access technology (RAT) cells, inter-frequency cells, or inter-RAT cells.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein the reference signal is a sensing reference signal or a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) .12.The UE of claim 1, wherein the plurality of measurement gaps is pre-configured for use at a future time instance.13.A NE for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to:transmit a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, wherein the one or more parameters include a plurality of measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements;transmit a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the plurality of measurement gaps; andtransmit a reference signal to be measured during the first measurement gap.14.The NE of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the NE to:transmit a second message that deactivates the first measurement gap.15.The NE of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the NE to:receive a request for the configuration, wherein the configuration is transmitted based at least in part on the request.16.The NE of claim 13, wherein the one or more parameters include one or more measurement gaps that are specific to a user equipment (UE) for performing one or more sensing measurements.17.The NE of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the NE to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) serving as a sensing transmitter, a response message confirming that the configuration was transmitted.18.The NE of claim 13, wherein the NE comprises a radio access network (RAN) entity, and wherein the RAN entity further comprises a base station, a transmission-reception point (TRP) , a gNodeB (gNB) , an xNodeB (xNB) , a sensing management component (SMC) , or a core network (CN) entity.19.A method performed by a UE, the method comprising:receiving a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for performing one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications, wherein the one or more parameters includes a plurality of measurement gaps for performing the one or more measurements;receiving a first message that activates a first measurement gap of the plurality of measurement gaps; andperforming a measurement of a reference signal during the first measurement gap in accordance with the configuration.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:transmit a request for a configuration associated with one or more measurements applicable to sensing or communications;receive a response confirming the configuration, wherein the configuration indicates one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, and wherein the one or more parameters include a plurality of measurement gaps for performance of the one or more measurements; andtransmit a reference signal associated with sensing or communications based at least in part on the configuration.
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