Power control

Abstract

Examples of the disclosure relate to power control for uplink signals with orthogonal cover codes. In examples of the disclosure a UE obtains an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplink transmission and determines an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration. The UE can then transmit an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power.

Description

[0001]TITLE Power Control TECHNOLOGICAL FIELDExamples of the disclosure relate to power control. Some relate to power control foruplink signals with orthogonal cover codes. BACKGROUND Orthogonal cover code (OCC) is a coding technique that can be used to enhance the capacity / throughput of a networks 100 such as those shown in Fig.1. Such techniques involve generating a set of orthogonal codes that have zero cross correlation and assigning different codes to different UEs 110. This enables different UEs 110 to achieve orthogonal uplink (UL) transmission using the same time frequency resources. BRIEF SUMMARY According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there isprovided a user equipment (UE) comprising:at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least: obtaining an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplink transmission; determining an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power. Determining an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration can comprise using a power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration in a calculation of the transmit power.The power adjustment parameter can comprise a scaling factor arranged to scale oneor more parameters used to determine the uplink transmit power.The scaling factor can be determined by the UE based on the obtained OCCconfiguration.The power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration can comprise adelta power parameter wherein a value of the delta power parameter is indicated from a network entity.The uplink transmit power can be determined at least per one of:slot; discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol; resource element.The uplink transmit power can be determined for at least one of;non-reference signal symbols; reference signal symbolsThe OCC configuration can comprise at least one of;user equipment OCC codeword; OCC size; number of OCC multiplexed UEs, a power adjustment parameter; an indication of OCC configuration set.The OCC configuration can be obtained via an index field that enables the UE todetermine the OCC from a set of OCC sequences preconfigured at the UE.The index field can relate to a subset of the OCC sequence.The OCC configuration can be obtained in signaling from a network entity.The signaling from the network entity can comprise at least one of:downlink control information; higher layer configuration.The uplink transmission can comprise one of:physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there isprovided a method comprising:obtaining an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplink transmission; determining an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power. According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there isprovided a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a userequipment, cause the user equipment to perform at least:obtaining an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplink transmission; determining an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power. According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there isprovided a network entity comprising:at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network entity to perform at least: indicating an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power.The at least one processor and memory may be configured to perform signalling tocontrol whether power control based on OCC is enabled.The at least one processor and memory may be configured to perform determining apower adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration and transmitting an indication of the power adjustment parameter to a user equipment.The at least one processor and memory may be configured to perform determining atleast one power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration for multipleUEsThe at least one power adjustment parameter may be determined such that differentUEs have different power adjustment parameters.The power adjustment parameter may comprise a scaling factor arranged to scale oneor more parameters used to determine the uplink transmit power.The power adjustment parameter may comprise a delta power parameter wherein avalue of the delta power parameter is determined based at least in part, on the OCC configuration.The at least one power adjustment parameter uplink enables the uplink transmit powerto be determined at least per one of:slot; discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol; resource element.The at least one power adjustment parameter may enable the uplink transmit power tobe determined for at least one of; non-reference signal symbols; reference signal symbolsThe OCC configuration may be indicated via an index field that enables the UE todetermine the OCC from a set of OCC sequences preconfigured at the UE.The index field may relate to a subset of the OCC sequence.According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there isprovided a method comprising:indicating an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power. According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there isprovided a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by anetwork entity, cause the network entity to perform at least:indicating an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power. According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least a part of one or more methods described herein. According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided an apparatus comprising means for performing at least part of one or more methodsdescribed herein. The description of a function and / or action should additionally beconsidered to also disclose any means suitable for performing that function and / oraction. Functions and / or actions described herein can be performed in any suitableway using any suitable method.According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided examplesas claimed in the appended claims. While the above examples of the disclosure and optional features are described separately, it is to be understood that their provision in all possible combinations andpermutations is contained within the disclosure. It is to be understood that variousexamples of the disclosure can comprise any or all the features described in respectof other examples of the disclosure, and vice versa. Also, it is to be appreciated thatany one or more or all the features, in any combination, may be implementedby / comprised in / performable by an apparatus, a method, and / or computer programinstructions as desired, and as appropriate. The description of a function shouldadditionally be considered to also disclose any means suitable for performing that function BRIEF DESCRIPTIONSome examples will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawingsin which: FIG.1 shows an example network; FIG.2 shows an example method; FIG.3 shows an example method; FIG.4 shows an example signal flow; FIG.5 shows an example signal flow; and FIG.6 shows an example controller.The figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features and views of the figures canbe shown schematically or exaggerated in scale in the interest of clarity andconciseness. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the figures can beexaggerated relative to other elements to aid explication. Corresponding referencenumerals are used in the figures to designate corresponding features. For clarity, allreference numerals are not necessarily displayed in all figures. DEFINITIONSDCI Downlink Control InformationDFT Discrete Fourier TransformDFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexingEPRE Energy per Resource ElementgNB 5G Base StationMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeNTN Non-Terrestrial NetworkOCC Orthogonal Cover CodePUCCH Physical Uplink Control ChannelPUSCH Physical Uplink Shared ChannelRAN Radio Access NetworkRE Resource ElementRRC Radio Resource ControlRS Reference SignalTBS Transport Block SizeTPC Transmit Power ControlUE User EquipmentUL Uplink DETAILED DESCRIPTION Fig.11 illustrates an example of a communications network 100 such as a 5G networkor a 6G network or any other suitable type of network. The network 100 comprises aplurality of different types of nodes 110, 120, 130. The different types of nodes 110,120, 130 can comprise terminal nodes 110, and network entities 120, 130. The networkentities can comprise access nodes 120 and core network nodes 130 and / or any othersuitable type of apparatus or device.The access nodes 120 can be configured to communicate with the terminal nodes 110. The core network nodes 130 communicate with the access nodes 120. In some examples the core network nodes 130 communicate with the terminal nodes 110. The core network nodes 130 can, in some examples, communicate with each other. The one or more access nodes 120 can, in some examples, communicate with each other. The network 100 can be a cellular network comprising a plurality of cells 122. Each of the cells is served by an access node 120. In this example, the interface between the terminal node 110 and an access node 120 providing a cell 122 is a wireless interface 124. The access nodes 120 can comprise one or more cellular radio transceivers. The terminal nodes 110 can comprise one or more cellular radio transceivers. The terminal nodes 110 can comprise user equipments (UEs) or any other suitable type of devices. The access nodes 120 can be base stations. The access nodes 120 can be any suitable type of base station. The access node 120 can be a network entity responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from terminal nodes 110. The access node 120 can be a network element in a Radio Access Network (RAN), or any other suitable type of network. The core network nodes 130 can be part of a core network. The core network nodes 130 can be configured to manage functions relating to connectivity for the terminal nodes 110. For example, the core network nodes 130 can be configured to manage functions such as connectivity, mobility, authentication, authorization and / or other suitable functions. In the example of Fig.1 the core network node 130 is shown as a single entity. In some examples the core network node 130 could be distributed across multiple entities. For example, the core network node 130 could be cloud based or distributed in any other suitable manner. The network 100 can be any suitable type of network, for example it can be a New Radio (NR) network that uses gNB as access nodes. New Radio is the 3GPP namefor 5G technology. In such cases the access nodes 120 can comprise gNBs configuredto provide user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the terminal nodes 110 and / or to perform any other suitable functions. The gNBs are interconnected with each other by means of an X2 / Xn interface 126. The gNBs are also connected by means of the N2 interface 128 to the core network nodes 130. Other types of networks and interfaces could be used in other examples. Other types of networks could comprise next-generation mobile and communication network, for example, a 6G network. Orthogonal cover code (OCC) is a coding technique that can be used to enhance the capacity / throughput of a networks 100 such as those shown in Fig.1. Such techniques involve generating a set of orthogonal codes that have zero cross correlation and assigning different codes to different UEs 110. This enables different UEs 110 to achieve orthogonal uplink (UL) transmission using the same time frequency resources.The orthogonal codes can comprise Walsh-Hadamard codes or any other suitable typeof codes, e.g. DFT sequences.In order to multiplex UEs 110 using OCC, repetitions of the UL signal are used. Forexample, to multiplex N UEs 110 at least N resource (for example, resource element(RE) or pre- discrete Fourier transform (DFT) sample / modulation symbol) repetitionsin a same or different OFDM symbol or in a same or different slot within a physicaluplink shared channel PUSCH transmission per UE are used. Therefore, whenapplying OCC the number of used REs will increase by a factor of N (to take intoaccount the size OCC configuration and the repetitions). This means that the numberof REs used when OCC is applied shall be N times greater than number of REs whenOCC is not used in order to carry a same number of modulation symbols, i.e. a same information.UL power control determines the power for UL signals such as PUSCH or physicaluplink control channel (PUCCH) or any other suitable UL transmissions. UL powercontrol can be used to achieve a target received power at the gNB and this achievesa target performance and reduces interference and also power consumption by the UE110. A general formula for UL power control is ^^^ = ^^^{^^^^^ , ^^ + ^ ∙ ^^ + ∆}Where:^^^^^ is the UE configured maximum output power, ^^ is an open loop power controlparameter and a pre-configured received power target assuming full pathlosscompensation, ^ is a value between 0 and 1 is the fractional power control factor suchthat if α = 0 there is no pathloss compensation (all UEs 110 transmit at the same power)and if α = 1 there is full pathloss compensation (which tries to achieve same receivedpower for all UEs 110), and ∆ is a closed loop power control component which enablesa network entity such as a gNB to adjust the transmit power at UE 110. The closedloop power control component can be based on a transmit power control (TPC)command from downlink control information (DCI).Specifically the PUSCH power can be determined based on the following (from 3GPPTS 38.213):If a UE transmits a PUSCH on active UL BWP ^ of carrier ^ of serving cell ^ usingparameter set configuration with index ^ and PUSCH power control adjustment statewith index ^, the UE determines the PUSCH transmission power ^PUSCH,^,^,^(^, ^, ^^ , ^)in PUSCH transmission occasion ^ as The PUCCH power can be determined based on the following (from 3GPP TS 38.213):If a UE transmits a PUCCH on active UL BWP ^ of carrier ^ in the primary cell ^ usingPUCCH power control adjustment state with index ^, the UE determines the PUCCHtransmission power ^PUCCH,^,^,^(^, ^^, ^^ , ^) in PUCCH transmission occasion ^ as The transmission power is capped by ^^^^^,^,^(^), which is defined as the UE 110configured maximum output power. The UE 110 can set the ^^^^^,^,^, value in eachslot, as long as the ^^^^^,^,^, is set within defined bounds. These power control formulas define the UL power proportional to the total number of allocated resource blocks ^^^,^,^,^and therefore the total number of allocated REs. If the UEs 110 are using OCC with a size N then the total number of allocated RBs or REs can be N times larger than the number of RBs or REs without OCC for the samemodulation and coding scheme (MCS) and transport block size (TBS). The additional(repeated) REs carry the same information, that is, they carry repetitions of the originalmodulation symbols and can be combined at the receiver. This means that using these formulas will cause a UE 110 to over-estimate the UL power for transmission of a certain TBS (i.e. of a certain information) because it does not take into account the repeated REs. The overestimated UL power depletes the power of the UE 110 and causes additional interference. Examples of the disclosure address these issues and provide improved UL power estimates when UEs are using OCC. In examples of the disclosure the calculations of the UL power are adjusted to take into account the RE repetitions introduced by the use of OCC.Fig.2 shows an example method that can be used in some examples of the disclosure.The method can be implemented by a UE 110 or an apparatus such as a controllerwithin a UE 110.The method of Fig.2 comprises at block 200 obtaining an OCC configuration for a UL transmission. The OCC configuration can be used for multiplexing multiple UEs 110. The OCC configuration can comprise any one or more of user equipment OCCcodeword; OCC size; number of OCC multiplexed UEs 110, a power adjustmentparameter; an indication of OCC configuration set, and / or any other suitable information. The OCC configuration can be obtained using any suitable means. In some examples the OCC configuration can be obtained via an index field that enables the UE 110 to determine the OCC from a set of OCC sequences preconfigured at the UE 110. The index field can relate to a subset of the OCC sequence. The OCC configuration can be obtained in signaling from a network entity such as a gNB 120. The signaling from the network entity can comprise at least one of: DCI or higher layer configuration, or any other suitable signaling. At block 202 the method comprises determining a UL transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration. Determining a UL transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration can comprise using a power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration in a calculation of the transmit power. For example, a power adjustment parameter can be used in the formula for calculating UL transmit power or a power adjustment parameter can be used to scale one or more components or inputs used in the formula forcalculating transmit power. The power adjustment parameter can be determined bythe UE 110 or can be indicated by a gNB 120 or other network entity. For example, thepower adjustment parameter can be determined by the UE 110 as the value in dB of the configured OCC length / size, i.e.10log10(OCC_size). In some examples a UE 110 centric power adjustment approach can be used. In such cases the UE 110 can determine the power adjustment parameter. The power adjustment parameter can be determined based on the OCC configuration. In some examples a network centric power adjustment approach can be used. In such cases the gNB 120 or other network entity can determine the power adjustment parameter. The power adjustment parameter can be determined based on the OCC configuration and / or any other suitable factors. For example a network entity couldselect or adjust a power adjustment parameter to balance power received fromdifferent UEs 110 so as to improve performance of the receiver. For example the power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration comprises a delta power parameter wherein a value of the delta power parameter is indicated from a gNB 120or other network entity. The delta power parameter can be used in the formula forpower control. In some examples the power adjustment parameter can comprise a scaling factor arranged to scale one or more parameters in the formula used to determine the UL transmit power. In some examples the scaling factor can be determined by the UE110 based on the obtained OCC configuration. In other examples the scaling factorcan be determined by a gNB or other network entity and indicated to the UE 110. Theparameter that is scaled by the scaling factor can comprise an energy per resourceelement (EPRE) parameter or any other suitable parameter. In some examples the UL transmit power can be determined per slot or per discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol or per RE In some examples the UL transmit power can be determined for reference signal (RS) symbols and / or for non-RS symbols. The RS symbols could be demodulation reference signals (DMRS) or any other suitable types of signals. If the UL transmit power is determined independently for the RS symbols and non-RS symbols this enables the RS power or EPRE to be kept independent of the OCC for data power. For example some RS might not be able to be combined at the receiver if OCC isapplied on the RS. Therefore, if the UL transmit power is determined separately forreference signal (RS) symbols and / or for non-RS symbols it enables the RS signals to be scaled with a total RE allocation and not based on the OCC configuration. This canimprove the accuracy of the estimation at the receiver (for example, channel estimationusing DMRS), or can maintain the same accuracy as can be achieved in cases that do not use OCC. In some examples an adjustment parameter is determined to enable the uplink transmit power to be determined based on the OCC configuration. In some examples the parameter is determined based on the OCC configuration, for example the size the OCC. In some examples the parameter can be determined based on whether OCC is configured or not. For instance, if OCC is configured then the power adjustment parameter is applied and if OCC is not configured then the power adjustment is not applied. In such examples the power adjustment parameter could be indicated via a codepoint in the DCI. At block 204 the method comprises transmitting a UL transmission with OCC based on the determined UL transmit power. The UL transmission can comprise a PUSCH, PUCCH or any other suitable UL signal.Fig. 3 shows another example method that can be used in some examples of thedisclosure. The method can be implemented by a network entity such as gNB 120 or an apparatus such as a controller within a network entity. The network entity could be in communication with a UE 110 where the UE is performing the method of Fig.2. At block 300 the method comprises indicating an OCC configuration for a UL transmission from a UE 110 wherein the OCC configuration enables a UL transmitpower to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration. The OCCconfiguration can be used for multiplexing multiple UEs 110. The OCC configuration can comprise any one or more of user equipment OCCcodeword; OCC size; number of OCC multiplexed UEs 110, a power adjustmentparameter; an indication of OCC configuration set, and / or any other suitable information. The OCC configuration can be indicated using any suitable means. In some examples the OCC configuration can be indicated via an index field that enables the UE 110 to determine the OCC from a set of OCC sequences preconfigured at the UE 110. The index field can relate to a subset of the OCC sequence. At block 302 the method comprises receiving an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power. In some examples the method can comprise additional blocks that are not shown in Fig. 3. For example the method can comprise signaling to control whether power control based on OCC is enabled. For instance, if interference is negligible and / or ifthe network entity 110 wants to take advantage of UE 110 power boost in OCC thenthe network entity can signal to the multiplexed UEs 110 that power control based on OCC is disabled. In such cases the UE 110 would then determine the UL transmit power without any reference to the OCC configuration. Conversely the network entity could signal to the UEs 110 that power control based on OCC is enabled. This could be the case if there is interference or for the purposes or reducing power consumptionat the UEs. In such cases the UEs 110 would then determine the UL transmit powerbased, at least in part, on the OCC configuration. In some examples where a network centric power adjustment approach is used the network entity could also be arranged to determine a power adjustment parameterbased on the OCC configuration and transmit an indication of the power adjustmentparameter to a UE 110. The network entity can be arranged to determine a power adjustment parameter for multiple UEs 110. The power adjustment parameters can be determined such that different UEs 110 have different power adjustment parameters. The different power adjustment parameters can be determined based on power imbalances between the respective UEs and / or any other suitable factors. The power adjustment parameter that is determined can be indicated to the UE 110 so that it can be used in a calculation of the transmit power. For example, it can be used in the formula for calculating UL transmit power or it can be used to scale one or more components or inputs used in the formula for calculating transmit power.In some examples power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration thatis determined by the network entity can comprise a delta power parameter. The deltapower parameter can be used in the formula for power control.In some examples power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration thatis determined by the network entity can comprise a scaling factor. The scaling factorcan be arranged to scale one or more parameters in the formula used to determine the UL transmit power. The parameter that is scaled by the scaling factor can comprisean EPRE parameter or any other suitable parameter.As mentioned above, in some examples a UE 110 centric approach can be used for determining the power adjustment parameters. In such examples the formula used to determine the UL transmit power can be modified to include one or more power adjustment parameters. In the UE 110 centric approach the one or more power adjustment parameters are determined by the UE 110 based on the OCC configuration. An example modified formula for determining the PUSCH transmit power is as follows:Where ^ is the OCC size, the number of OCC multiplexed UEs 110 or the number ofRE repetitions applied for implementing the OCC sequence.In some examples the number of allocated RBs used in the power control formula isdefined as the number of RBs before applying OCC. That is the number of RBs beforerepetition of REs or modulation symbols and OCC sequence multiplication. This canbe defined as ^^^^^,^^^,^^,^^^^^An example modified formula for determining the PUSCH transmit power in this case is as follows: As mentioned above, in some examples a network centric approach can be used for determining the power adjustment parameters. In such examples the formula used to determine the UL transmit power can be modified to include one or more power adjustment parameters. In the network centric approach the one or more power adjustment parameters are determined by the UE 110 based on the OCC configuration. An example modified formula for determining the PUSCH transmit power in a networkcentric case is as follows: In the case the delta power OCC term∆^^^,^,^,^(^) provides a power adjustmentparameter that is based on the OCC configuration.The network entity can determine the delta power OCC term and then indicate this tothe UE 110. The delta power term can be indicated in DCI or higher signalling such as radio resource control (RRC) or a combination of both or any other suitable signalling. In some examples, the value(s) of the delta power OCC term is RRC configured in the form of a Table and associated to a codepoint. The codepoint is then indicated dynamically via DCI (e.g. via a new field in the DCI) to dynamically indicate to the UEthe delta power OCC value to use for the UL transmission scheduled by the same DCI.Codepoint delta Power OCC values (Δ^^^)00 001 -310 -611 -9In some examples the value of the delta power term can be determined based on thesize of the OCC. For example, a value can be assigned to the delta power term basedon the size of the OCC. The following table shows an example of delta power OCC values that can be assigned for example sizes of OCC. Other values could be used in other examples. OCC configuration set delta Power OCC values (Δ^^^)1 (e.g., no OCC or UE) 02 (e.g., OCC size=2) -33(e.g., OCC size =4) -64 (e.g., OCC size=8) -9 The network entity can indicate the OCC configuration to the UE 110 using higher level signaling such as RRC. This could be indicated by using at least one threshold(such as th1, th2 and th3):OCC configuration set 1: th1<=OCC length<th2 OCC configuration set 2: th2<=OCC length<th3 OCC configuration set 3: OCC length>th3If the OCC configuration is signaled in this manner then a given value of the deltapower OCC term can be assigned to a range of OCC lengths and not to a single length. In other examples a given value could be assigned to a single specific length. The network entity can also control whether power control based on OCC is enabled or disabled. The network entity can signal to the UEs 110 whether power control based on OCC is enabled or disabled. If the power control based on OCC is disabled thenthe delta power OCC term or other power adjustment parameter can be set to zero.The network entity could disable power control based on OCC if the interference caused by the overestimation of the power is not critical. The network entity could disable power control based on OCC to boost UE 110 coverage. Boosting UE 110 coverage can help to avoid re-transmission. This could be beneficial in a non- terrestrial networks (NTN). Boosting the UE 110 coverage could be useful if there isan NTN coverage issue or if a handover is expected soon due to satellite elevationangle and / or motion).In some examples a network entity could enable power control based on OCC for UEs 110 with limited power and / or coverage. For instance, power control based on OCC could be enabled if the power headroom for a UE 110 is below a threshold. In such cases the power control based on OCC would not be enabled for other UEs and these other UEs could benefit from the boosted power to avoid potential retransmissions or repetitions. In such cases a UE 110 can assume that power control based on OCC isnot enabled unless the network indicates otherwise. That is power control based onOCC being disabled could be the default mode for a UE 110. In some examples a network entity could enable power control based on OCC for UEs 110 with no coverage problems. For instance, power control based on OCC could be enabled if the UE 110 is at full power or has a power headroom above a threshold. In such cases the power control based on OCC would not be enabled for other UEs (i.e. either UEs at full power or UEs with power headroom below a threshold) and these other UEs could benefit from the boosted power to increase the likelihood of successful transmission. In such cases a UE 110 can assume that power control based on OCC is not enabled unless the network indicates otherwise. That is power control based on OCC being disabled could be the default mode for a UE 110. The network entity can indicate the power adjustment parameter to one or more UEs 110. Different power adjustment parameters can be used for different UEs 110. For examples, a first value for a delta power OCC term can be used for a first UE 110 and a second value for a delta power OCC term can be used for a second UE 110. In some examples the network entity can select the power adjustment term to balance the received power from the multiplexed UEs 110. This can provide improved performance of the receiver. In some examples the power adjustment parameter can comprise a scaling factor. The scaling factor can be applied to any appropriate term in the formula for determine the UL transmit power. This can be used in cases which use UL DFT-s-OFDM with OCC baseband signal generation.In some such embodiments the OCC codewords can be are pre-configured at the UE110. A scaling factor to the power of OCC sequence is determined by UE once the OCC codewords are determined. Different scaling factors can be used by different UEs 110. For example, the scaling factor can be UE-specific. In some examples the scaling factor can be determined by the UE 110 based on the OCC configuration. In some examples the scaling factor can be determined by the network entity and signaled to the respective UEs 110. The network entity can select the scaling factorbased on the OCC configuration and / or in order to mitigate an imbalanced receivedpower at the network entity. The scaling factor can be applied to any suitable terms within the formula for determining UL transmit power. For example, it can be applied to terms relating to EPRE. The scaling factor can be assigned to the UE 110 using any suitable means. In some examples, the value(s) of the scaling factor are RRC configured in the form of a Table and associated to a codepoint. The codepoint is then indicated dynamically via DCI (e.g. via a new field in the DCI) to dynamically indicate to the UE the scaling factor value to use for the UL transmission scheduled by the same DCI. Codepoint Scaling factor (β [dB])00 001 -310 -611 -9In some examples the scaling factor can be assigned according to the number or REswith repetition in OCC, the size of the OCC, or any other suitable parameter. For example, it could be assigned using a table as follows or using any other suitable means. OCC configuration set Scaling factor (β [dB])1 (e.g., no OCC or UE) 02 (e.g., OCC size=2) -33(e.g., OCC size =4) -64 (e.g., OCC size=8) -9Other values for the scaling factors can be used in other examples. The scaling factor can be used to scale a non-RS separately to a RS. For example, it can enable PUSCH data EPRE to be scaled without scaling the RS EPRE. Anexample procedure could be for UL data with PUSCH, if a UE 110 is configured withOCC on data, then the UE 110 can assume the data PUSCH EPRE ( β [dB]) is scaled by β. The data scaling factor β for data EPRE in PUSCH is given by ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^= ^ 10^^^ . Else if the UE 110 is not configured with OCC on data, the UE shall assumeβ=0 dB. In some examples it might be possible to combine some of the approaches described herein. For example, using the UE 110 centric approach or the network centric approach, the PUSCH power in a slot can be adjusted by a power reduction parameter based on OCC. In such cases the the RS (for example a DMRS symbol) can have the power or EPRE boosted according to the same value. The boosting of the EPRE for the RS can be achieved using a scaling factor but in this case the scaling factor (e.g., would be greater than one. This would ensure that the UL power reduction for PUSCH per slot would only impacting on data REs that are repeated and can be combined at the receiver.Examples of the disclosure therefore reduce OCC-enabled PUSCH power for thebenefit of both UE 110 (by providing power saving) and the network (by providingreduced interference), while maintaining the same performance or signal quality. Inaddition, power imbalance issues at the receiver can be addressed with poweradjustment parameters that are specific to a UE 110 and OCC. Examples of the disclosure enable adaptive control of power by taking into account OCC particularities.Fig. 4 shows an example signal flow that can be used in some examples of thedisclosure. In this case OCC across OFDM symbols could be used. In this example flow the network entity is a gNB 120. The example shown in Fig.4 can be based on a UE 110 centric approach in which the UE 110 determines a power adjustment parameter for use in calculating the UL transmit power. The approach could make use of a scaling factor, an additional term for the formula or any other suitable power adjustment parameter. At block 400 the gNB 120 controls the OCC power adjustment. For example, the gNB 120 can enable or disable the OCC power adjustment. In some cases the gNB might only need to signal to the UE 110 is the OCC power adjustment is to be enabled. In such cases the default of the UE 110 could be the OCC power adjustment is not enabled unless the gNB 120 signals otherwise.At block 402 the gNB 120 schedules or configures a UL transmission. The ULtransmission can be a PUSCH transmission or any other suitable transmission. The gNB 120 can also indicate the OCC configuration for data to the UE 110. The OCC configuration can be indicated via an index field that enables the UE 110 to determinethe OCC from a set of OCC sequences preconfigured at the UE 110. The index fieldcan relate to a subset of the OCC sequence. The indexing field can be in DCI or any other suitable signaling.At block 404 the gNB 120 indicates an OCC configuration for a UL transmission to theUE 110. The indication could comprise a DCI based index. The index can refer to thespecific OCC code in a pre-configured table characterizing the length and elements of the code. Other means for indicating the OCC configuration can be used in other examples. At block 406 the UE 110 determines the OCC configuration. The OCC configuration is determined based on the indication from the gNB 120. At block 408 the gNB 120 can indicate the power adjustment parameters that are not based on the OCC. At block 410 the UE 110 determines the UL transmit power. The OCC based power adjustment parameters are used to determine the UL transmit power. The UL transmit power can be determined using the equations and examples given herein and / or any suitable variations of these.At block 412 the UE 110 transmits the UL signal with OCC based on the determinedUL transmit power.Fig. 5 shows an example signal flow that can be used in some examples of thedisclosure. In this case OCC across OFDM symbols could be used. In this example flow the network entity is a gNB 120. The example shown in Fig.4 can be based on a network centric approach in which the gNB 120 determines a power adjustment parameter for use in calculating the UL transmit power. The approach could make use of a scaling factor, an additional term for the formula or any other suitable power adjustment parameter.At block 500 the gNB 120 configures the OCC dependent parameters. These can bethe parameters that can be used to enable OCC based power adjustment. The parameters can comprise additional terms to be added to the power control formula and / or scaling factors to be applied to one or more terms in the power control formula. At block 502 the gNB provides an indication of the OCC based power adjustment parameters. The gNB 120 can determine the OCC based power adjustment parameters. Any suitable process such as those described herein can be used to determine the OCC based power adjustment parameters. The OCC based power adjustment parameters can then be transmitted to the UE 110. The OCC based power adjustment parameters can be transmitted to the UE 110 using RRC signaling or any other suitable messaging.The signaling can comprise an indication of whether OCC power adjustment is to beused. For example, the signaling can indicated whether OCC power adjustment is to be enabled or disabled. The signaling can also comprise an indication of a power adjustment parameter such as a delta power value. In some examples a table of OCC dependent power adjustment parameters can be pre-configured at the UE 110. The table can be dynamic or semi-static. In such cases the signaling can indicate which parameters or values from the table are to be used. At block 504 the gNB 120 schedules or configures a UL transmission. The UL transmission can be a PUSCH transmission or any other suitable transmission. At block 506 the gNB 120 can also indicate the OCC configuration for data to the UE 110. The OCC configuration can be indicated via an index field that enables the UE 110 to determine the OCC from a set of OCC sequences preconfigured at the UE 110. The index field can relate to a subset of the OCC sequence. The indexing field can be in DCI or any other suitable signaling. At block 508 the UE 110 determines the OCC configuration. The OCC configuration is determined based on the indication from the gNB 120. At block 510 the UE 110 determines the UL transmit power. The OCC based power adjustment parameters are used to determine the UL transmit power. The UL transmit power can be determined using the equations and examples given herein and / or any suitable variations of these.At block 512 the UE 110 transmits the UL signal with OCC based on the determinedUL transmit power.Fig. 6 shows an example controller 600. The controller 600 could be provided withinan entity such as a UE 110 or a gNB 120 or other suitable network entity.Implementation of the controller 600 may be as controller circuitry. The controller 600may be implemented in hardware alone, have certain aspects in software including firmware alone or can be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware).As illustrated in Fig. 6 the controller 600 can be implemented using instructions thatenable hardware functionality, for example, by using executable instructions of a computer program 606 in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor 602 that may be stored on a computer readable storage medium (disk, memory etc.) to be executed by such a processor 602. The processor 602 is configured to read from and write to the memory 604. The processor 602 may also comprise an output interface via which data and / or commands are output by the processor 602 and an input interface via which data and / or commands are input to the processor 602. The memory 604 stores a computer program 606 comprising computer program instructions (computer program code) that controls the operation of the apparatus when loaded into the processor 602. The computer program instructions, of the computer program 606, provide the logic and routines that enables the apparatus to perform the methods illustrated in the Figs. The processor 602 by reading the memory 604 is able to load and execute the computer program 606. The controller 600 therefore comprises means for: obtaining 200 an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission; determining 202 an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting 204 an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power.The controller 600 therefore comprises means for:indicating 300 an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving 302 an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power. The computer program 606 may arrive at the apparatus via any suitable delivery mechanism 608. The delivery mechanism 608 may be, for example, a machine- readable medium, a computer-readable medium, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a record medium such as a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or a Digital Versatile Disc(DVD) or a solid-state memory, an article of manufacture that comprises or tangiblyembodies the computer program 606. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transfer the computer program 606. The apparatus may propagate or transmit the computer program 606 as a computer data signal. The computer program 606 can comprise computer program instructions for causinga UE 110 to perform at least the following or for performing at least the following:obtaining 200 an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission; determining 202 an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting 204 an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power. The computer program 606 can comprise computer program instructions for causinga network entity 120 to perform at least the following or for performing at least thefollowing: indicating 300 an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving 302 an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power. The computer program instructions may be comprised in a computer program, a non- transitory computer readable medium, a computer program product, a machine- readable medium. In some but not necessarily all examples, the computer program instructions may be distributed over more than one computer program. Although the memory 604 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable and / or may provide permanent / semi-permanent / dynamic / cached storage. Although the processor 602 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable. The processor 602 may be a single core or multi-core processor. The apparatus can be provided in an electronic device, for example, a mobile terminal, according to an example of the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that a mobile terminal is merely illustrative of an electronic device that would benefit from examples of implementations of the present disclosure and, therefore, should notbe taken to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the same. While in certainimplementation examples, the apparatus can be provided in a mobile terminal, other types of electronic devices, such as, but not limited to: mobile communication devices, hand portable electronic devices, wearable computing devices, portable digital assistants (PDAs), pagers, mobile computers, desktop computers, televisions, gaming devices, laptop computers, cameras, video recorders, GPS devices and other types of electronic systems, can readily employ examples of the present disclosure. Furthermore, devices can readily employ examples of the present disclosure regardless of their intent to provide mobility. The term ‘comprise’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising Y indicates that X may comprise onlyone Y or may comprise more than one Y. If it is intended to use ‘comprise’ with anexclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context by referring to ‘comprisingonly one...’ or by using ‘consisting.’In this description, the wording ‘connect’, ‘couple’ and ‘communication’ and theirderivatives mean operationally connected / coupled / in communication. It should beappreciated that any number or combination of intervening components can exist(including no intervening components), i.e., to provide direct or indirectconnection / coupling / communication. Any such intervening components can includehardware and / or software components. As used herein, the term "determine / determining" (and grammatical variants thereof) can include, not least: calculating, computing, processing, deriving, measuring,investigating, identifying, looking up (for example, looking up in a table, a database, oranother data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, "determining" can includereceiving (for example, receiving information), accessing (for example, accessing datain a memory), obtaining and the like. Also, " determine / determining" can includeresolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.In this description, reference has been made to various examples. The description offeatures or functions in relation to an example indicates that those features or functions are present in that example. The use of the term ‘example’ or ‘for example’ or ‘can’ or ‘may’ in the text denotes, whether explicitly stated or not, that such features or functions are present in at least the described example, whether described as an example or not, and that they can be, but are not necessarily, present in some of or allother examples. Thus ‘example’, ‘for example’, ‘can’, or ‘may’ refers to a particularinstance in a class of examples. A property of the instance can be a property of only that instance or a property of the class or a property of a sub-class of the class thatincludes some but not all the instances in the class. It is therefore implicitly disclosedthat a feature described with reference to one example but not with reference toanother example, can where possible be used in that other example as part of aworking combination but does not necessarily have to be used in that other example.As used herein, “at least one of the following:” and “at least one of ” and similar wording,where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” mean at least anyone of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements. Although examples have been described in the preceding paragraphs with reference to various examples, it should be appreciated that modifications to the examples given can be made without departing from the scope of the claims. Features described in the preceding description may be used in combinations otherthan the combinations explicitly described above.Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, those functions may be performable by other features whether described or not. The description of a feature, such as an apparatus or a component of an apparatus, configured to perform a function, or for performing a function, should additionally beconsidered to also disclose a method of performing that function. For example,description of an apparatus configured to perform one or more actions, or for performing one or more actions, should additionally be considered to disclose a method of performing those one or more actions with or without the apparatus. Although features have been described with reference to certain examples, thosefeatures may also be present in other examples whether described or not.The term ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusivemeaning. That is any reference to X comprising a / an / the Y indicates that X maycomprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y unless the context clearlyindicates the contrary. If it is intended to use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ with an exclusive meaningthen it will be made clear in the context. In some circumstances the use of ‘at least one’ or ‘one or more’ may be used to emphasis an inclusive meaning but the absenceof these terms should not be taken to infer any exclusive meaning.The presence of a feature (or combination of features) in a claim is a reference to thatfeature or (combination of features) itself and to features that achieve substantially thesame technical effect (equivalent features). The equivalent features include, forexample, features that are variants and achieve substantially the same result in substantially the same way. The equivalent features include, for example, features that perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result. In this description, reference has been made to various examples using adjectives oradjectival phrases to describe characteristics of the examples. Such a description of acharacteristic in relation to an example indicates that the characteristic is present in some examples exactly as described and is present in other examples substantially as described. The above description describes some examples of the present disclosure however those of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of possible alternative structures and method features which offer equivalent functionality to the specific examples of such structures and features described herein above and which for the sake of brevity andclarity have been omitted from the above description. Nonetheless, the abovedescription should be read as implicitly including reference to such alternative structures and method features which provide equivalent functionality unless such alternative structures or method features are explicitly excluded in the abovedescription of the examples of the present disclosure.Whilst endeavoring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those featuresbelieved to be of importance the Applicant may seek protection via the claims inrespect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and / or shown in the drawings whether or not emphasis has been placed thereon. I / we claim:

Claims

CLAIMS1. A user equipment (UE) comprising:at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least: obtaining an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplink transmission; determining an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power.

2. A UE as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining an uplink transmit power basedat least in part on the OCC configuration comprises using a power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration in a calculation of the transmit power.

3. A UE as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the power adjustmentparameter comprises a scaling factor arranged to scale one or more parameters used to determine the uplink transmit power.

4. A UE as claimed in claim 3 wherein the scaling factor is determined by the UEbased on the obtained OCC configuration.

5. A UE as claimed in any of claims 1 to 2 wherein the power adjustmentparameter based on the OCC configuration comprises a delta power parameter wherein a value of the delta power parameter is indicated from a network entity.

6. A UE as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the uplink transmit power isdetermined at least per one of: slot; discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol;resource element.

7. A UE as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the uplink transmit power isdetermined for at least one of; non-reference signal symbols; reference signal symbols8. A UE as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the OCC configurationcomprises at least one of; user equipment OCC codeword; OCC size; number of OCC multiplexed UEs, a power adjustment parameter; an indication of OCC configuration set.

9. A UE as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the OCC configuration isobtained via an index field that enables the UE to determine the OCC from a set of OCC sequences preconfigured at the UE.

10. A UE as claimed in claim 9 wherein the index field relates to a subset of theOCC sequence.

11. A UE as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the OCC configuration isobtained in signaling from a network entity.

12. A UE as claimed in claim 11 wherein the signaling from the network entitycomprises at least one of: downlink control information; higher layer configuration.

13. A method comprising:obtaining an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplink transmission;determining an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power.

14. A computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a userequipment, cause the user equipment to perform at least:obtaining an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplink transmission; determining an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and transmitting an uplink transmission with OCC based on the determined uplink transmit power.

15. A network entity comprising:at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network entity to perform at least: indicating an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power.

16. A network entity as claimed in claim 15 wherein the at least one processor andmemory are configured to perform signalling to control whether power control based on OCC is enabled.

17. A network entity as claimed in any of claims 15 to 16 wherein the at least oneprocessor and memory are configured to perform determining a power adjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration and transmitting an indication of the power adjustment parameter to a user equipment.

18. A network entity as claimed in any of claims 15 to 17 wherein the at least oneprocessor and memory are configured to perform determining at least one poweradjustment parameter based on the OCC configuration for multiple UEs19. A network entity as claimed in claim 18 wherein the at least one poweradjustment parameter is determined such that different UEs have different power adjustment parameters.

20. A network entity as claimed in any of claims 17 to 19 wherein the poweradjustment parameter comprises a scaling factor arranged to scale one or more parameters used to determine the uplink transmit power.

21. A network entity as claimed in any of claims 17 to 20 wherein the poweradjustment parameter comprises a delta power parameter wherein a value of the delta power parameter is determined based at least in part, on the OCC configuration.

22. A network entity as claimed in any of claims 15 to 21 wherein the at least onepower adjustment parameter enables the uplink transmit power to be determined atleast per one of: slot; discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol; resource element.

23. A network entity as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the at least onepower adjustment parameter uplink enables the uplink transmit power to bedetermined for at least one of; non-reference signal symbols; reference signal symbols24. A method comprising:indicating an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power.

25. A computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by anetwork entity, cause the network entity to perform at least:indicating an orthogonal cover code (OCC) configuration for an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE) wherein the OCC configuration enables anuplink transmit power to be determined based at least in part on the OCC configuration; and receiving an uplink transmission from the UE with OCC based on thedetermined uplink transmit power.

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