Device and method for wirelessly transmitting messages

Abstract

A device for transmitting a message for a wireless communication using wireless resources is to transmit a preamble signal and a payload signal for transmitting the message. The device is to transmit the preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences, wherein each of the plurality of preamble sequences is uniquely associated with an associated subset of wireless resources. The device is to transmit the payload signal accessing the resources of the subset of wireless resources associated with the preamble sequence.

Description

[0001]Device and Method for Wirelessly Transmitting Messages Description The present invention relates to a device for transmitting a message for a wireless communication using wireless resources, to a network entity for operating in a wireless communication network and to a method for transmitting a message. The present invention further relates to a transmission scheme for coded multiple access. Multiple access technology plays an important role in communication systems, enabling different users to access the system efficiently and reliably. To support an increased number of simultaneously active users, while simultaneously keeping the latency in check, novel multiple access techniques are required. An important aspect here is the adaptation of current random access (RA) techniques and procedures to support reliable, scalable and energy-efficient multiple access. In existing communication systems, there are many potential users, and only part of the users can be active at each time due to limited wireless resources. Therefore, it is important to investigate random access schemes that enable scalable multiple access over limited radio resources. One of the features of 5G-NR Release 16 is the use of Two-step Random Access Channel (2-step RACH). Compared to the 4-Step RACH procedure in LTE and in 5G-NR Release 15, the 2-step RACH offers benefits for transmission of small packets, due to the reduction of overhead of Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection setup and resume procedures. In addition, reducing the number of steps of the random access procedure helps decrease the latency for connecting a User Equipment (UE) to a next-generation Node B (gNB). In 2-step RACH two types of messages are exchanged betweenthe UE and the gNB: Message A (msgA) and Message B (msgB). Message A (msgA) contains a preamble on Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) and a payload on Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The payload corresponds to Message 3 in the 4-step RACH procedure in LTE and in 5G-NR Release 15, which is the first scheduled uplink transmission. Depending on whether the preambles used in msgA need to be contended by the UEs or are allocated / assigned in advance, we distinguish between Contention Based Random Access (CBRA) and Contention Free Random Access (CFRA). FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCXFig. 17 illustrates the CBRA two-step RACH and four-step RACH procedure in 5G-NR thatmay be used for contention-based random access (CBRA) as described in paragraph [1]. Current random access schemes are not suitable for massive connectivity scenarios where a potentially large number of devices sporadically transmit short messages. This is mainly due to the frequent collisions and the additional collision resolution process, which greatly reduce the transmission efficiency of the communication system. There is, thus, a need to provide for a solution allowing for massive connectivity. An object of the present invention is therefore to provide for a device, a network entity and for a method for transmitting a message in wireless communication that are now a large number of devices to transmit messages in a reliable manner. This object is achieved by the subject matter as defined in the independent claims. A finding of the present invention is that by transmitting a message by use of two signals, a preamble signal and a payload signal in which the preamble signal used indicates the resource used for transmitting the payload signal may allow to structure the resources used for the payload signal for multiple access of a large number of devices as the preamble already indicates the used resources which increases reliability of the transmission. According to an embodiment a device for transmitting a message for a wireless communication using wireless resources transmits, in operation, a preamble signal and a payload signal for transmitting the message. The device transmits the preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences, wherein each of the plurality of preamble sequences is uniquely associated with an associated subset of wireless resources. The device transmits the payload signal assessing the resources of the subset of wireless resources associated with the preamble. This allows, on the one hand, to distinguish between different signals with the different preambles and to derive, from the preamble, which resources are used for the associated payload signal which may allow therefore restrict the decoding or evaluation of signals to the resources associated with the preamble. According to embodiments, a device for receiving a message in a wireless communicationthat uses wireless resources receives a preamble signal and a payload signal as part ofFH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX receiving the message. The device receives the preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences and derives from the preamble sequence a derived subset of wireless resources that is associated with the preamble sequence. The different preamble sequences are associated with different subsets of wireless resources and the device is to process the payload signal by evaluating the resources indicated in the derived subset of wireless resources. A network entity for operating in a wireless communication network that comprises a device as described herein is adapted to determine information indicating a specific preamble sequence from the plurality of preamble sequences and to request the device to use the specific preamble sequence for the preamble sequence or determines the plurality of preamble sequences and to request the device to use the plurality of preamble sequences. This allows to establish or avoid a selection of the preamble at the side of the device which may allow an identification of the device as well as a device-based selection, e.g., based on quality criteria or the like. According to an embodiment, a method for transmitting a message comprises transmitting a preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences, such that each of the plurality of preamble sequences is uniquely associatedwith an associated subset of wireless resources. The method comprises transmitting apayload signal accessing the resources of the subset of wireless resources associated with the preamble sequence such that transmitting the preamble signal and the payload signal is used for transmitting the message. According to an embodiment, a method for receiving a message in a wireless communication comprises receiving the preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences. The method comprises deriving, from the preamble sequence, a derived subset of wireless resources that is associated with the preamble sequence such that different preamble sequences are associated with different subsets ofwireless resources. The method comprises processing the payload signal by evaluating theresources indicated in the derived subset of wireless resources.Further embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are described hereinafter whilst making reference to the accompanying figures in which: FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCXFig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of two devices according to embodimentsadapted for wireless communication in an infrastructure based orinfrastructureless wireless communication network; Fig.2 shows a schematic block diagram to further explain the association between preamble sequences according to embodiments ;Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a transmission scheme according to anembodiment;Fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram for further illustrating an example of how atransmission scheme according to an embodiment may be applied in a communication system such as being OFDM based;Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of different codewords meaning a differentoccupation of sub-blocks of resources according to an embodiment;Fig. 6 shows a schematic matrix representation of a resource access code accordingto an embodiment;Fig. 7 an example of a construction of a resource access code according to anembodiment;Fig. 8 shows a factor graph representation associated with the resource axis codedescribed in connection with Figs.6 and 7, according to an embodiment;Fig. 9 shows an example of a protograph representation associated with the resourceaccess code described in connection with Figs. 6 and 7, according to an embodiment;Fig.10 shows a protograph representation of a B part tight graph associated with theresource access code according to an embodiment;Fig.11 shows a ^ × ^ identity matrix according to an embodiment for generating aresource access code; FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCXFig.12 shows a 5G-NR resources-grid parametrization in accordance with anembodiment;Fig. 13a shows a pruned factor graph according to an embodiment;Fig. 13b shows result of the graph of Fig. 13a obtained after a first peeling step inconnection with a peeling decoding example according to an embodiment;Fig.14 shows a schematic graph of an application of the transmission schemedescribed herein in the context of a 2-step RACH procedure in 3GPP;Fig.15 shows a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment thatmay be used to transmit a message in a wireless communication network;Fig.16 shows a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment thatmay be used to receive a message in a wireless communication; andFig.17 illustrates the CBRA two-step RACH and four-step RACH procedure in 5G-NRthat may be used for contention-based random access (CBRA).Equal or equivalent elements or elements with equal or equivalent functionality are denoted in the following description by equal or equivalent reference numerals even if occurring in different figures.In the following description, a plurality of details is set forth to provide a more thoroughexplanation of embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail in order to avoid obscuring embodiments of the presentinvention. In addition, features of the different embodiments described hereinafter may becombined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of two devices 10 and 20 adapted for wirelesscommunication in an infrastructure based or infrastructureless wireless communication network. As a wireless communication one may understand to transmit radio signals from FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX one device to another device. Device 10 may comprise a wireless interface 121such as an antenna arrangement or an antenna structure, possibly but not necessarily implemented as an antenna array that may be capable of beamforming or the like. Similarly, device 20 may comprise a wireless interface 122to receive and optionally to transmit wireless signals. Devices 10 and 20 may be implemented, by way of example, as a user equipment or a base station each. Devices 10 and 20 may be implemented as devices of a same category, e.g., two UEs communicating with each other, e.g., using a sidelink communication or two base stations communicating with each other. According to an embodiment, devices 10 and 20 may be devices of different categories such as a device 10 being a user equipment that intends to communicate with device 20 being a base station or vice versa. Device 10 may intend to transmit a message 14 to perform a wireless communication, e.g., having the intention to transmit information to the device 20. Device 10 transmits a preamble signal 16 using a preamble sequence that is one from a plurality of preamble sequences. A bit sequence may be understood as a sequence of symbols or bits that may but are not required to carry individual information. Each of the plurality of preamble sequences is uniquely associated with an associated subset of wireless resources usable for the wireless communication, e.g., within the wireless communication network or a cell thereof. Thereby, the preamble sequence 16 is associated with a specific subset of wireless resources. Device 10 transmits a payload signal 18 using or accessing the resources of the subset of wireless resources associated with the preamble sequence of the preamble signal 16. The preamble signal 16 and the payload signal 18 may be transmitted as a common signal including a preamble section and a payload section but may also be transmitted by use of two different or distinct signals. In other words, the preamble signal 16 is or comprises a pointer which resources are used for transmitting the payload signal, therefore allowing device 20 to receive the preamble signal 16 and the payload signal 18 each forming a part of the message 14. Device 20 receives the preamble signal 16 to comprise the preamble sequence from the plurality of preamble sequences and derives, from the preamble sequence of the preamble signal 16a derived subset of wireless resources that is associated with the preamble sequence. Asdifferent preamble sequences are associated with different subsets of wireless resources, device 20 processes the payload signal 18 by evaluating the resources indicated in the derived subset of wireless resources. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram to further explain the association between preamble sequences 221to 22ncontained in different preamble signals 161to 16nto different subsets 241to 24n that are used for transmitting payload signals. Each preamble sequence 221to 22nmay be associated with exactly one subset 241to 24nsuch that the selection of use of a specific preamble sequence 221to 22nin a preamble signal 161to 15nunambiguously identifies the subset 241to 24nthat is used for transmitting the payload signal. Each subset 241to 24nmay be associated with one or more preamble sequences 221to 22n. For example, 232is associated with preamble sequence 222only whilst subset 241is associated with preamble sequences 221and 223. In general, the number of preamble sequences 221to 22nthat point towards a same subset 241to 24nmay be 1 or larger than 1 whilst preferably each preamble sequence 221to 22npoints to exactly one subset 241to 24n. Within the plurality of subsets 241to 24na number of preamble sequences 221to 22nthat point to a specific subset 241 to 24n may be equal or may differ between the subsets 241 to 24n. This may allow, for example, to prioritize different subsets, e.g., when having a comparatively low number of preamble sequences 221 to 22n being associated with a subset 241 to 24n being of higher priority. For example, by reducing the number of associated preamble sequences 221 to 22n associated with a subset 241 to 24n a possibility or likelihood or probability that those resources are accessed may be reduced dependent or independent from the basis of selection the preamble sequence 221 to 22n which is described later in more detail but which may be, in general, predefined or requested / instructed but also be randomly selected. Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a transmission scheme according to anembodiment. A block 26 indicates that for the message 14 to be transmitted the preamblesequence 22 indicated as and a payload sequence 28 indicated as wc may be derived.That is, the device may be configured to derive the preamble sequence 22 and the payloadsequence 28 from a common source message or sequence.For example, the payload sequence 28 may be a specific part from the message 14 suchas a predefined number of first or last bits of a bit sequence. The preamble sequence 22may be used for an index selection performed in block 32 which may comprise, for example,deriving an index 34 from the payload sequence 28. This may be, for example, deriving aspecific value such as a binary value from the preamble sequence 22 or other means thatFH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCXallow to derive different indexes 34 from different preamble sequences 22 such that theindex 34 may allow to derive a specific preamble signal 16 from a plurality of preamblesignals 16 in a block 36 that may comprise a preamble dictionary or preamble codebook.The preamble signal 16 being derived in block 36 is used by use of a predefined set 38 ofphysical resources being a subset of the overall available resources. The payload sequence 28 may optionally be coded, e.g., using a coding block 42 to perform a forward error correction (FEC) to obtain a codeword c being an element of codewords CFECthat may be provided to a modulator 44 that is optional and may be used to obtain a modulated signal 46 indicated as u that may be mapped to resources using a result of a resource selection 48, the result 52 thereof possibly being representable as a binary sequence or codeword having first and second binary values such as zeros and ones, wherein one of both values indicates a use of associated resources for the payload signal and the other value indicates a non-use of the associated resources for the payload signal.In connection with block 42, the transmitting device may obtain a binary sequence wc forthe payload sequence and may apply an error correcting code with a binary sequence to obtain a coded binary sequence c and may generate the payload signal using the coded binary sequence. A resource access code RAC may comprises a dictionary or codebook ^^^^from which one word s is selected as the result 52, the result 52, the codeword ^, respectively, indicating the resources of the subset of wireless of resources that may be distributed in a resource grid of resources according to the codeword s of the resource access code ^^^^that has a plurality of codewords. Each of the codewords of the plurality of codewords may be associated with exactly one subset of wireless resources as described in connection with Fig.2 where the preamble sequence 22 may be a source for determining the codeword or may even be the codeword. A resource access code RAC may comprises a dictionary or codebook ^^^^from which one word s is selected as the result 52, the result 52, the codeword ^, respectively, indicating the resources of the subset of wireless of resources that may be distributed in a resource grid of resources according to the codeword s of the resource access code ^^^^that has a plurality of codewords. Each of the codewords of the plurality of codewords may be associated with exactly one subset of wireless resources as described in connection with FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX Fig.2 where the preamble sequence 22 may be a source for determining the codeword or may even be the codeword.A transmit block 54 may map the modulated signal 46 to the result 52 to obtain the payloadsignal 18 indicated as x that may be transmitted using resources 56 being different or disjoined or distinct from the resources 38 where physical resource blocks 58 may be selected based on the result 52.As may be seen from Fig. 3, the preamble sequence 22 may form a basis for selecting theresources 38 for transmitting the preamble signal 16 and for the selection of resources used for transmitting the payload signal 18. Although Fig.3 represents this common source of information as the index 34, the preamble sequence itself or information derived thereof differently when compared to the index selection 32 may be used.In other words, Fig.3 shows a multiple-access communication scenario in which a pluralityof devices (users) sporadically attempt to transmit independent messages to a common receiver (base station) using wireless communication technologies. In this context,embodiments provide a communication scheme / method for coded multiple accessoperating in the following way. Upon transmission, an active user may split its informationmessage ^ (binary sequence) into two parts (binary sequences): and ^^. The sequencews is mapped to a Preamble ^ (in general a complex-valued sequence). The preamble amay belong to a set of pre-defined preambles ^ (Preamble Dictionary). The sequence ^^is mapped to a codeword ^ from a Forward Error Correction (FEC) code, followed by amodulation step. Optionally the resulting modulated signal u is then mapped on the physicalresources. The mapping is done based on the index of the preamble ^ in the preambledictionary ^, which indicates how the modulated signal ^ will be mapped on the sharedphysical resources. The mapping is prescribed in the given example by a Resource Access Code which is specifically designed to control the interference arising when multiple active users simultaneously access the shared resources. The block diagram of the encoding process is illustrated in Fig.3. For example, a transmission scheme that may be in accordance with Fig.3 may comprise one or more of the following blocks.: 1. Preamble: Simultaneously carrying information and enabling reliable user activity detection. The preamble length and the size of the preamble dictionary may be FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX parameterized based on the expected number of active users in the system and / or the channel conditions. 2. Resource access code, RAC: Enabling non-orthogonal access with reference control on the shared resources. The size and the parameters of the resource access code may be matched to the size of the set of preambles, the preamble dictionary respectively.3. FEC code: Performing channel coding for error correction, e.g., on a per-user basis.The described transmission scheme may provide for the following advantages: ^It is flexible, in the sense that it can support different preamble designs as well asdifferent designs for the FEC code and for the resource access code, see blocks 42and 48 of Fig.3 which allows for the application of peeling decoding at the receiver side, e.g., at the gNB, in combination with per-user FEC decoding, which significantly reduces the receiver complexity. ^In one specific implementation / embodiment, the transmission scheme may provideunsourced random access operation, where the system users employ the same codebook to communicate over the shared resources. In that case, the shared codebook is obtained as a concatenation of a resource access code and an FECcode. Based thereon different codewords of the same random access code may beused by different devices, e.g., at a same time. Embodiments relate to a deviceadapted to transmit the preamble signal and the payload signal based on a resource access code, e.g., as part of a shared codebook, within an unsourced random access procedure according to which codewords of the same random access code are used by different devices The preamble signal and the payload signal may both be part of a random access procedurecomprising at least a 2-step RACH, e.g., a 2-step RACH or a 4-step RACH as described inconnection with Fig.17. According to an embodiment, a device described herein may be adapted to transmit the preamble signal and the payload signal based on a resource access code, e.g., as part of a shared codebook, within an unsourced random access procedure according to which FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX codewords of the same random access code are used by different devices. The preamble signal and the payload signal may both be part of a random access procedure comprising unsourced random access (U-RA). In U-RA, users send messages using a common codebook across shared resources. Consequently, under the proposed scheme, only the binary message (payload) from an active device is divided into two segments and ^^, and the selection of preamble and RAC is based on the message from the active device. As all devices employ identical preamble dictionaries and RACs, individual user identification is disregarded within the U-RA paradigm.One potential target application of the proposed method is in the context of Ambient IoT.Ambient IoT refers to a paradigm shift in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) where devicesare not powered by traditional batteries that require manual replacement or recharging. Instead, the focus is on enabling IoT devices to operate without the need for energy storage or manual maintenance, thus reducing costs, environmental impact, and safety hazards. This approach aims to support the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billions of IoT devices across various applications by reducing size, complexity, and power consumption. Ambient IoT technologies seek to provide seamless coverage and support large-scale networks with significantly higher device density and lower power consumption compared to existing IoT technologies like NB-IoT and LTE-MTC, thus opening up new markets and opportunities within the realm of IoT. Fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram for further illustrating an example of how a transmission scheme according to an embodiment may be applied in a communication system such as being OFDM based. Resource blocks 38 and 56 are displayed whilst it is neither necessary that resources 38 are of lower frequency and / or earlier in time when compared to resource block 56 nor that a same number of subcarriers is used or the like. In the schematic illustration of Fig.4 it is shown that from the resources 38 the user may select a preamble aj to transmit the preamble signal 16, the preamble a being an element of the preamble dictionary 36 shown in Fig.3, i.e., the preamble aj is one of a plurality of possible preambles and may use a number of p resource elements initially. As described in connection with Fig.3, the selection of preamble ajmay result in a codeword sj as a result 52 of the resource selection 40a, e.g., using the RAC.The resources 56 may be subdivided into sub-blocks wherein the codeword sjmay indicate, e.g., using zero-values of a binary bit sequence or one-values to indicate FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCXwhich of the sub-blocks ^^ ^^ ^^^ are used for transmitting the payload signal and, ifimplemented, for performing the error correction code 42 represented as FEC.An example of how the transmission scheme can be applied in a communication system isillustrated in Fig.4. In the considered scenario, the shared communication resources aredivided into two sets, Set I and Set II shown in Fig. 3. Set I may be reserved for preambletransmission, meaning that all users share the resources in Set I to transmit their respectivepreambles (when users are active). According to an embodiment Set II or 56 is furtherdivided into Ns subblocks (subsets) denoted as ^^, … , ^^^. According to the approach,upon transmission, an active user transmits a preamble ^ ∈ ^^ from a set of pre-definedpreambles ^ = {^^, ^^ , ... , ^|^|}. The set ^ may be denoted as preamble dictionary. |^|may denote the number of preambles in the preamble dictionary ^ (i.e. the preambledictionary size). The preamble a can either be selected at random from the preambledictionary ^, or can be assigned to the user, e.g., during an initial access procedure. Basedon the choice of a, the user applies a resource access pattern ^ indicating which of the sub-blocks ^^, ^^, … , are used for transmission. In the described scenario in Fig. 4, s is abinary codeword from a Resource Access Code (RAC), ^ ∈ ^, where ^ ∈ ^^^^. In s, the positions on which the elements of s have a value 1 indicate which of the sub-blocks^^, ^^, … , ^^^, are accessed by the corresponding user. A complimentary solution is alsopossible. These sub-blocks are reformed as ”active” in the following. When accessing theactive sub-blocks, the user applies a FEC code, followed by modulation. According to one option, the user repeats the same FEC codeword on all active sub-blocks. In a more general approach, the user performs channel coding over all active sub-blocks simultaneously. Inthe case when all sub-blocks ^^, ^^, are of the same size ^^, for example, the usermaps its codeword ^ to the ^^ · ^(^) resources, where ^(^) denotes the weight of thecodeword s, i.e. the number of non-zero elements of ^. The resources 56 may thus be considered as shared resources or a resource pool that isdivided into Ns blocks ^^, ^^, … , ^^^, wherein the blocks may be of same or of different size,e.g., of size ^^. Embodiments may comprise a mapping from the preamble to the codeword from the resource access code representable as FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX Optionally, the forward error correction (FEC) code may result in a modulated codeword c that is spread on resources as indicated by ^. Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of different codewords 521 to 52m meaning adifferent occupation of sub-blocks ^^ ^^ ^^^.The preamble sequence used by the device may be associated with a preamble specificinformation such as the preamble identifier 62, the preamble specific information uniquely linked to a subset specific information such as a subset identifier or a codeword, whereindifferent subset specific information identifies different distributions of wireless resources indifferent subsets of wireless resources. According to an embodiment, the preamble sequence used by a device may be associatedwith a preamble identifier 62 and the preamble identifier 62 may be associated to a subsetidentifier of a wireless resource, e.g., the codeword or information associated thereto. The device may determine the subset of wireless resources using at least one of the preamble identifier and the subset identifier, e.g., using CFEC and / or CRAC codebooks. Different preambles a as described in Figs. 3 and 4 may optionally be represented by different preamble IDs PID 621 to 62n where, for example, a binary value of 1 of a result 52 represents a use of the subblock and a binary value of 0 represents a non-use. A complimentary association may also be possible and it has to be noted that the associationof a binary value to a subblock ^^ ^^ ^^^ is an advantageous option but that alternatively orin addition any other way of associating the result 52 with the use of non-use of sub-blocksmay be used. For example, different pre-defined patterns of used / unused subblocks maybe associated with a respective identifier in a look-up table or database or codebook, wherein, for example, the ID of the preamble may be the same or may be associated with an identifier of the pattern or the like. According to some embodiments, the device transmitting a signal such as device 10 may select the preamble sequence from a codebook comprising the plurality of preamble sequences as described in connection with Fig.3. The selection may indicate, for example, a priority of the message, a priority of the device and / or may indicate other types of meta information. Alternatively, the device may be requested or instructed to use a specific preamble, e.g., based on a distribution mechanism implemented by device 20 or a base FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX station or other network entities. When selecting the preamble at the device, the device may randomly selective a preamble sequence as an alternative to include meta information intothe preamble. This does not exclude, however, that the device uses the preamble sequenceas a sequence being associated with the device. For example, a specific subset of all possible preambles may be signalled to the device and the device may select from the subset, e.g., based on a random selection or to include meta information. As described in connection with Fig.3, the device may determine the preamble sequence as a part such as the first part or the last part of the message such that the part of the message determines the subset of wireless resources used for transmitting the payload part of the message. As shown in Figs.3, 4 and 5, the preamble sequence may be uniquely associated with anaccess pattern indicating a distribution of the resources of the subset of wireless resourcesin a resource grid of resources of a wireless communication network in which thetransmitting device is to operate. Resource Access Code In an embodied approach, the Resource Access Code ^^^^is designed such that the interference between the active users is controlled. For this purpose, a construction based on Circulant Permutation Matrices (CPMs). Specifically, we propose to choose thecodewords of ^^^^ may be chosen as the rows of a binary matrix ^(^, ^) ∈ {0, 1}^ ^×^^,where the matrix ^(^, ^) constitutes a binary ^ × ^ array of CPMs of order ^ of the followingform shown in Fig.6 where ^^,^is uniquely specified by the location of the single 1-entry of its top row, called the generator. If the single 1-entry of the top row of ^^,^is located at theposition < ^, then we use to specify the CPM ^^,^. In a device accordingto an embodiments, the resource access code is constructed from a binary matrix ^(^, ^) ∈ , wherein each entry (^, ^) of the matrix ^(^, ^) is represented by a CirculantPermutation Matrix (CPM) ^^,^ of order ^.In Fig. 7 an example of the scribed construction is provide with ^ = 3 and ^ = 2. In thisexample, the rows of the matrix ^ (3,2) are codewords of a Resource Access Code S ofsize (cardinality) |^| = 9, with the 1s indicating which of the sub-blocks ^^, ^^, … , ^^ areaccessed upon transmission of an active user. For example, the first row of F indicates that sub-blocks ^^and ^^are accessed. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX In other words, Fig. 7 shows an example of resource access code constructed from Circulant Permutation Matrices CPMs. That is, distributions of resources in the different substep of wireless resources associated with different preamble sequences may be related to each other by a circular permutation matrix. Optionally and as also illustrated in connection with Fig. 5, each pair of substeps of wireless resources associated with two different preambles comprise, for each member of the pair of subsets of wireless resources at least one resource not contained by the other member. That is, when taking any two subsets or free sources, they different from each by way of having at least one used subset^^ ^^ ^^^ that is unused by the other such that it may be ensured that at least one sub-blockmaintains collision free with regard to the other resource block. For example, each pair of subsets of wireless resources associated with two different preambles may comprise, collide or the like on at most one resource as shown in the example presented in Fig.7. Factor Graph RepresentationThe Resource Access Code described by the matrix ^(^, ^) can be represented by abipartite graph with a set of ^ = ^^ variable nodes, ^ = {v^, v^, ... , v^} and set of ^ = ^^factor (check) nodes, ^ = {c^, c^, ... , c^}. Due to the structure of ^(^, ^), the factor graph isbi-regular, with ^ outgoing edges from each variable node (corresponding to the ^ non-zeroelements in each row of ^(^, ^)), and ^ incoming edges to each check node (correspondingto the ^ non-zero elements in each column of ^(^, ^)). The factor graph representation(general case) is depicted in Fig.8. In other words, Fig.8 shows a factor graph representation associated with the resource axiscode described by ^(^, ^) of Figs.6 and 7.Protograph RepresentationAccording to one embodiment, due to the underlying structure of ^(^, ^), the variable nodesin the factor graph representation can be divided in γ disjoint clusters ^^, andthe check nodes in ^ disjoint clusters, Consequently, one can construct a(bipartite) protograph with ^ (super) variable nodes and ^ (super) check nodes. In theprotograph, the (super) variable node ^^ , 1 ≤ ^ ≤ ^, is connected to the (super) checknode Ω^ , 1 ≤ ^ ≤ ^, by an edge labeled by which is the location of the single 1-entryof the generator (or top row) of the CPM ^^,^. The resulting protograph contains all thestructural information of the matrix ^(^, ^). Embodiments relate to a device where theresource access code is based on a protograph that is constructed from a ^ × ^ base matrixFH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX^^ defined over the Galois field GF(γ), where ^ is a prime number; wherein connections inthe protograph are labeled according to the entries of a (^ × ^) submatrix of ^^; wherein thechoice of the submatrix guarantees that collisions appear on at most one set of resources.Fig. 9 shows an example of such a protograph representation associated with the resourceaccess code described by ^(^, ^) of Figs.6 and 7.An example of a protograph associated with the specific example ^ (3,2) of Fig. 7 isillustrated in Fig. 10 showing a protograph representation of the B part tight graphassociated with ^ (3,2), wherein other implementations of ^ are possible. That is, inaccordance with an embodiment, the resource access code may be representable as a factor graph or as a protograph. Special ConstructionLet ^ be a prime number and GF(p) be a prime field which consists of the following pelements: 0, 1, 2, ... , ^ − 1. We represent each element i in GF(p) by a ^ × ^ CPM, denotedby ^(^), with columns and rows labeled from 0 ^^ ^ − 1, whose generator has its single 1-component at location ^. For ^ = 0, ^(0) is a ^ × ^ identity matrix. ^(^) is referred to as theCPM-dispersion of the element ^ in GF(p). With this, we form the following ^ × ^ matrix ^^over GF(p) with columns and rows labeled from 0 to ^ − 1 as shown in Fig. 11.A device described herein may, thus use a resource access code that is constructed bygenerating a bipartite protograph comprising or consisting of ^ = ^ disjoint vertices^^, ^^, ... , ^^^^, and the ^ disjoint parity-checks, Ω^ , Ω^, ... , wherein connections arelabeled according to the (^ × ^) submatrix of the base matrix^^; indicating the location ofthe single 1-entry of the respective vertex. As an alternative or in addition, the device maybe implemented that the vertex ^^ is connected to the parity check Ω^ by an edge labeledby (^^,^) which is the location of the single 1-entry of the generator (or top row) of the CPM^^,^. A method for determining such a resource access code for accessing wireless resources of a wireless communication with sets of resources for transmitting messages, the method comprises: FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCXgenerating a bipartite protograph comprising a number of γ disjoint vertices ^^, and a number of ^ disjoint parity-checks, Ω^, Ω^ , ... , Ω^^^,such that connections between the vertices ^ and the parity-checks Ω of the bipartiteprotograph are represented according to a (^ × ^) base matrix ^^; the connectionsindicating the location of a 1-entry or single 1-entry of the respective vertex; andusing the base matrix ^^ for determining the resource access code such that collisionappears on at most one set of resources. FEC Code How a possible parametrization could be realized is described in the following relating to the frame structure and numerology of 5G NR physical layer. In 5G NR, resource allocation and communication is performed over time-frequency resources which are grouped in so- called resource blocks. A resource block, also called physical resource block (PRB), is a block of ^^^^^ = 12 sub-carriers over which the transmissions are scheduled. A resource grid consistsof sub-carriers and ^ ^^,^ symbnumber of OFDM symbols, where µ denotes the numerology and SF stands for sub-frame, i.e., one sub-frame consists symbols consisting of ^^^^^sub-carriers. In Fig.12 and overview recapitulating all possible parametrization that are applicable to 5G NR is shown.A possible resource access code construction is provided by the parametrization 31^ × 62,i.e.961 × 62. It means 961 sequences (i.e. maximum number of users) over 62 RBs, withrepetition rate 2 (i.e., each user accessing 2 resource blocks). A general rule is provided bytaking (^^) × (^^), where p is prime and ^ = − 1. ^ can be anything smaller than ^. Inthe example above we have (^ = 31, ^ = 2). Assuming a numerology of µ = 0, aresource block consists of 168 sub-carriers, which equates to 168 bit, if BPSK modulation is employed by the devices. Assuming a payload of B = 100 bit, a suitable code rate wouldthen be ^ = 100 / 168 ≈ 0.6.In other words, Fig.12 shows a 5G-NR resources-grid parametrization in accordance with an embodiment. Receiver Processing FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX When referring again to Fig.1 and device 20 operating as a receiver, e.g., a UE or a base station such as a gNB, such a device may receive and process a plurality of preamble signals, e.g., in parallel or even simultaneously and may also receive a corresponding plurality of payload signals using a corresponding plurality of subsets of wireless resources and may decode and process a plurality of payload signals in parallel. As an alternative or in addition, the device is to in parallel receive and to process, e.g., sequentially or in parallel or simultaneously a plurality of the preamble signals and a corresponding plurality of payload signals using a corresponding plurality of subsets of wireless resources and to decode and process the plurality of payload signals in parallel. That is, the reception may occur in parallel, at a same time or simultaneously, e.g., with at least a partial overlap in time whilst the processing may be done in parallel or sequentially. The device may receive and process the preamble signal and the payload signal as signals received from a device such as device 10. This may allow, according to some embodiments, that even in a case where the preamble signal is not decoded successfully, further actions may be performed. For example, the device 20 may respond the device 10 based on a successfully determined preamble. For example, the device 20 may provide the device 10 with information related to channel access for transmitting a further message such that the device 10 may access a specific channel or a specific resource to re-transmit a message or transmit another message. Alternatively or in addition, with the reply, the device 20 may provide device 10 with information indicating a timing-advance to be applied by the device 10 and / or indicating auxiliary re-transmission resources to be used by device 10 fortransmitting a further message. That is, for successfully detected preambles for whichpayload decoding fails, a message may be sent to msg2, see Fig.17, e.g., a random access response, to indicate time-advance and / or auxiliary transmission resources, e.g., in a grant- based fashion. When referring to the example description provided herein, a receiver such as device 20,e.g., at the base station may aim at decoding the information message ^ of all active usersby observing the wireless channel (specifically the Physical Resource Set I and II). As both resource sets are mutually shared between all devices, the base station needs to performactive detection and decode all messages in a joint fashion:• Preamble detection: in order to detect the set of active devices (or messages in thecase of URA), a preamble detection scheme is deployed that operates on the PhysicalFH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX Resource Set I. This activity detection recovers a (sparse) activity pattern, i.e. the support of a binary vector of length |^|), where each non-zero element corresponds to a transmitted preamble. According to the definition of the transmit processing, the set of indices (i.e. the indices of the detected preambles) can be mapped onto the (first) part of a message (^^) and by employing the inverse of the index-selectionmapping (see, e.g., Fig.3). •To decode the remaining part of the user’s messages (^^) a consecutive step isdeployed at the receiver that operates on the Physical Resource Set II. As the active indices are given from the first step, the receiver may utilize the knowledge of the access-patterns of each user (provided by the common Resource Access Code) to perform joint decoding, i.e., using Peeling Decoding and / or joint decoding (e.g. via Message Passing). Example for Peeling Decoding Consider for example the grant-free scenario with random activation, where the set of preamble indices {2, 6, 7, 9} are selected by the active devices. Note that the indices are obtained in the initial step by employing preamble detection on the Physical Resource Set I. After preamble detection, the receiver operates on the pruned graph, where the variable nodes and edges associated with the inactive preambles, i.e. the corresponding columns in^, are removed. Note that due to the structure of the resource access code, a peelingdecoder can be employed that operates on the pruned factor-graph as depicted in Fig.13a. Note that in the depicted example factor-node 6 is a zero-ton, the set of factor nodes {1, 3,4} and {2, 5} are single- and multi-tons, respectively. Hence, the initial set of factor nodeswhich are connected to single-ton factor nodes can be obtained as {6, 7, 9} by evaluating the structure of the (pruned) incidence matrix. The residual factor graph after the first iteration of the peeling decoder is depicted in Fig.13b. That is, Fig. 13a shows a pruned factor graph and Fig. 13b shows result of the graph obtained after a first peeling step in connection with a peeling decoding example with active preamble indices {2, 6, 7, 9}. It may be observed that only two iterations may be required to completely decode all active devices which is advantageous. Fig.14 shows a schematic graph of an application of the transmission scheme described herein in the context of a 2-step RACH procedure in 3GPP. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX Fig. 15 shows a schematic flow chart of a method 1500 that may be used to transmit a message in a wireless communication network, e.g., it may be implemented by device 10. A step 1510 comprises transmitting a preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences, such that each of the plurality of preamble sequences is uniquely associated with an associated subset of wireless resources. A step 1520 comprises transmitting a payload signal accessing the resources of the subset of wireless resources associated with the preamble sequence such that transmitting the preamble signal and the payload signal is used for transmitting the message. Fig.16 shows a schematic flow chart of a method 1600 according to an embodiment that may be used to receive a message in a wireless communication, e.g., it may be implemented by device 20. A step 1610 comprises receiving a preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences. A step 1620 comprises deriving, from the preamble sequence, a derived subset of wireless resources that is associated with the preamble sequence, such that different preamble sequences are associated with different subsets of wireless resources. A step 1630 comprises processingthe payload signal by evaluating the resources indicated in the derived subset of wirelessresources. Embodiments described herein relate to devices that communicate with each other by using preamble signals and payload signals with a certain rule of selecting the resources. Embodiments further provide a network entity for operating in a wireless communication network having, for example, device 10 and / or device 20. The network entity may be adopted to determine information indicating a specific preamble sequence from the plurality of preamble sequences and may request the device to use the specific preamble sequence for the preamble signal, e.g., to thereby allocate the resources to be used. Alternatively or in addition, the network entity may be adapted to determine the plurality of preamble sequences and may request the device 10 to use the plurality of preamble resources, thereby providing a basis for selection. For example, a rule for generating the preamble codebook or the set of preambles may be distributed in the network and / or a cell thereof. A network entity in accordance with embodiments may be adapted to determine the plurality of preamble sequences or select a specific rule to do so, e.g., based on the size and / or number of subsets of the plurality of subsets, based on a load condition of the wireless communication. For example, an amount of traffic and / or a number of users that potentially create traffic may be considered such that an increase in users or traffic may result in an FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX increase in subsets to have a higher amount of low-interference subsets or it may result in a decrease of the number, e.g., to provide for a more powerful error correction. Such an adaptation may be performed dynamically, statically or upon demand. For example, such a network entity may be located in the core network and / or at a base station. Although some aspects have been described in the context of an apparatus, it is clear that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, where a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Analogously, aspects described in the context of a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or item or feature of a corresponding apparatus. Depending on certain implementation requirements, embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or in software. The implementation can be performed using a digital storage medium, for example a floppy disk, a DVD, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or a FLASH memory, having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate (or are capable of cooperating) with a programmable computer system such that the respective method is performed. Some embodiments according to the invention comprise a data carrier having electronically readable control signals, which are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system, such that one of the methods described herein is performed. Generally, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being operative for performing one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer. The program code may for example be stored on a machine readable carrier. Other embodiments comprise the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, stored on a machine readable carrier. In other words, an embodiment of the inventive method is, therefore, a computer program having a program code for performing one of the methods described herein, when the computer program runs on a computer. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX A further embodiment of the inventive methods is, therefore, a data carrier (or a digital storage medium, or a computer-readable medium) comprising, recorded thereon, the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. A further embodiment of the inventive method is, therefore, a data stream or a sequence of signals representing the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. The data stream or the sequence of signals may for example be configured to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet. A further embodiment comprises a processing means, for example a computer, or a programmable logic device, configured to or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein. A further embodiment comprises a computer having installed thereon the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (for example a field programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functionalities of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor in order to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, the methods are preferably performed by any hardware apparatus. The above described embodiments are merely illustrative for the principles of the present invention. It is understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and the details described herein will be apparent to others skilled in the art. It is the intent, therefore,to be limited only by the scope of the impending patent claims and not by the specific detailspresented by way of description and explanation of the embodiments herein. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX References [1] Kim et al., "Two-Step Random Access for 5G System: Latest Trends and Challenges," IEEE Network, January / February 2021. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX

Claims

Claims1. A device for transmitting a message using for a wireless communication usingwireless resources; wherein the device is to transmit a preamble signal and a payload signal fortransmitting the message; wherein the device is to transmit the preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences, wherein each of the plurality of preamble sequences is uniquely associated with an associated subset of wireless resources; wherein the device is to transmit the payload signal accessing the resources of the subset of wireless resources associated with the preamble sequence.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein each subset of wireless resources is associated withone or more preamble sequences.

3. The device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the device is to select the preamble sequencefrom a codebook comprising the plurality of preamble sequences.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the device is to randomly select the preamblesequence from the codebook.

5. The device of one of previous claims, wherein the device is to use the preamblesequence as a sequence being associated with the device.

6. The device of one of previous claims, wherein the device is to determine the preamblesignal as a part, e.g., first part, of the message; wherein the part of the message determines the subset of wireless resources.

7. The device of one of previous claims, wherein the preamble is uniquely associatedwith an access pattern indicating a distribution of the resources of the subset of wireless resources in a resource grid of resources of a wireless communication network in which the device is to operate.FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX8. The device of one of previous claims, wherein the resources of the subset of wirelessresources are distributed in a resource grid of resources according to a codeword of a resource access code having a plurality of codewords; wherein the codeword of the plurality of codewords is associated with exactly one subset of wireless resources.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the codeword is representable as a binary sequencehaving first binary values and second binary values; each value associated with a resource of the resource grid; wherein a first binary value indicates a use of the associated resource for the payload signal and wherein a second binary value indicates a non-use of the associated resource for the payload signal.

10. The device of claim 8 or 9, wherein the resource access code is constructed from abinary matrix ^(^, ^) ∈ {0, 1}(^^)×(^^) , wherein each entry (^, ^) of the matrix ^(^, ^) isrepresented by a Circulant Permutation Matrix (CPM)of order ^.

11. The device of one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the resource access code is constructedfrom a binary matrix ^(^, ^) ∈ 11. The device of one of claims 8 to 10, whereinthe resource access code is representable as a biregular bipartite factor graph with a set of ^ = ^^ variable nodes, ^ = {v^, v^, ... , v^} and set of ^ = ^^ factor (check)nodes, ^ = {c^, c^, ... , c^}, with ^ outgoing edges from each variable node, and ^incoming edges to each check node.

12. The device of one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the resource access code is based on abipartite protograph comprising a number of γ disjoint vertices ^^, ^^, ... , ^^^^, and anumber of ^ disjoint parity-checks,wherein the vertex ^^ is connectedto the parity check Ω^ by an edge labeled bywhich is the location of the single1-entry of the generator (or top row) of the CPM ^^,^.

13. The device of one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the resource access code is based on aprotograph that is constructed from a ^ × ^ base matrix ^^ defined over the Galoisfield GF(γ), where ^ is a prime number; wherein connections in the protograph arelabeled according to the entries of a (^ × ^) submatrix of ^^; wherein the choice of thesubmatrix guarantees that collisions appear on at most one set of resources. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX14. The device of one of previous claims, wherein each pair of subsets of wirelessresources associated with two different preambles comprise, for each member of the pair of the subsets of wireless resources at least one resource not contained by theother member.

15. The device of one of claim 14, wherein each pair of subsets of wireless resourcesassociated with two different preambles comprise, collide on at most one resource.

16. The device of one of previous claims, wherein distributions of resources in thedifferent subsets of wireless resources associated with different preamble sequences are related to each other by a circulant permutation matrix.

17. The device of one of previous claims, adapted to obtain a binary sequence for the payload sequence and to apply an error correcting code to the binary sequence to obtain a coded binary sequence; and to generate the payload signal using the coded binary sequence.

18. The device of one of previous claims, adapted to transmit the preamble signal andthe payload signal as a common signal; or adapted to transmit the preamble signal and the payload signal as two distinct signals.

19. The device of one of previous claims, wherein the preamble sequence is associatedwith a preamble specific information that is uniquely linked to a subset specific information, wherein different subset specific information identifies a different distribution of wireless resources in different subsets of wireless resources.

20. The device of one of previous claims, wherein the preamble sequence is associatedwith a preamble identifier; wherein the preamble identifier is associated to a subset identifier of the subset of wireless resources; wherein the device is to determine thesubset of wireless resources using at least one of the preamble identifier and the subset identifier.

21. The device of one of previous claims, adapted to derive the preamble sequence andthe payload sequence from a source bit sequence. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX22. The device of one of previous claims, adapted to transmit the preamble signal andthe payload signal as part of a random access procedure comprising at least two steps.

23. The device of one of previous claims, adapted to transmit the preamble signal andthe payload signal based on a resource access code, e.g., as part of a shared codebook, within an unsourced random access procedure according to whichcodewords of the same random access code are used by different devices.

24. A device for receiving a message in a wireless communication using wirelessresources; wherein the device is to receive a preamble signal and a payload signal as part for receiving the message; wherein the device is to receive the preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences, wherein the device is to derive, from the preamble sequence a derived subset of wireless resources that is associated with the preamble sequence wherein different preamble sequences are associated with different subsets of wireless resources; wherein the device is process the payload signal by evaluating the resources indicated in the derived subset of wireless resources.

25. The device of claim 24, wherein the device is to receive and process a plurality of thepreamble signals and a corresponding plurality of payload signals using a corresponding plurality of subsets of wireless resources and to decode and process the plurality of payload signals in parallel; or wherein the device is to in parallel receive and to process, e.g., sequentially or in parallel or simultaneously a plurality of the preamble signals and a corresponding plurality of payload signals using a corresponding plurality of subsets of wireless resources and to decode and process the plurality of payload signals in parallel. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX26. The device of claim 24 or 25, wherein the device is to receive and process thepreamble signal and the payload signal as signals received from a device according to one of claims 1 to 23.

27. The device of one of claims 24 to 26, wherein based on a successfully determinedpreamble, the device is to respond the device.

28. The device of claim 27, wherein with the reply, the device is to provide the device withinformation related to a channel access for transmitting a further message.

29. The device of claim 27 or 28, wherein with the reply, the device is to provide the devicewith information indicating a time-advance to be applied by the device and / or indicating auxiliary transmission resources to be used by the device for transmitting a further message.

30. A network entity for operating in a wireless communication network comprising adevice according to one of claims 1 to 29;wherein the network entity adapted to determine information indicating a specific preamble sequence from the plurality of preamble sequences and to request the device to use the specific preamble sequence for the preamble sequence; or wherein the network entity adapted to determine the plurality of preamble sequences and to request the device to use the plurality of preamble sequences.

31. The network entity of claim 30, wherein the network entity is adapted to determine theplurality of preamble sequences, e.g., based on the size and / or number of the subsets of the plurality of subsets, based on a load condition of the wireless communication.

32. A method for receiving a message in a wireless communication using wirelessresources, comprising receiving a preamble signal and a payload signal as part of receiving the message, the method comprising: receiving the preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality of preamble sequences, FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCXderiving, from the preamble sequence, a derived subset of wireless resources that is associated with the preamble sequence; such that different preamble sequences are associated with different subsets of wireless resources; processing the payload signal by evaluating the resources indicated in the derived subset of wireless resources.

33. A method for wireless transmission of a message using wireless resources, themethod comprising: transmitting a preamble signal to comprise a preamble sequence from a plurality ofpreamble sequences, such that each of the plurality of preamble sequences is uniquely associated with an associated subset of wireless resources; transmitting a payload signal accessing the resources of the subset of wirelessresources associated with the preamble sequence; such that transmitting the preamble signal and the payload signal is used fortransmitting the message.

34. A method for determining a resource access code for accessing wireless resourcesof a wireless communication with sets of resources for transmitting messages, the method comprising: generating a bipartite protograph comprising a number of γ disjoint vertices ... , ^^^^, and a number of ^ disjoint parity-checks, Ω^ , Ω^, ... , Ω^^^,such that connections between the vertices ^ and the parity-checks Ω of the bipartiteprotograph are represented according to a (^ × ^) base matrix ^^; the connectionsindicating the location of a 1-entry or single 1-entry of the respective vertex; and using the base matrix ^^ for determining the resource access code such that collisionappears on at most one set of resources. FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX35. A computer readable digital storage medium having stored thereon a computerprogram having a program code for performing, when running on a computer, a method according to one of claims 32 to 34.FH250408PCT-2025115104.DOCX

Images