An immunogenic composition for the prevention and treatment of staphylococcus aureus infection
Novel fusion proteins based on Tuf, SpxA, Hu, Hla_H35L, and EsxB genes enhance immunogenicity and immune responses, addressing the limitations of existing Staphylococcus aureus vaccines by providing robust protection against infections.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/081731
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-19
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
Current Staphylococcus aureus vaccines face challenges with insufficient immunogenicity and T cell-mediated immune responses, leading to ineffective protection against infections, and existing nucleic acid vaccines struggle to induce robust immune responses due to humoral immune imprints.
Development of novel fusion proteins encoded by Tuf, SpxA, and Hu genes, or Hla_H35L and EsxB genes, integrated into nucleic acid vaccines or subunit vaccines, to enhance immunogenicity and induce effective immunoprotective effects.
The novel fusion proteins significantly enhance immune efficacy, providing therapeutic and preventive effects against Staphylococcus aureus infections by inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses, effectively clearing bacterial colonization.
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Abstract
Description
An immunogenic composition for the prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infectionTechnical field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of biomedical technology, particularly to the field of immunological drug technology, and specifically relates to an immunogenic composition of Staphylococcus aureus that can induce immune protection and to applications, among others.Background Art
[0002] Staphylococcus is a common Gram-positive bacterium that is widely found on the skin and mucous membranes of the human body. The current pathogenic staphylococci mainly include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, coagulase negative staphylococcus, enterococcus, etc. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus, abbreviated as S. aureus, is the most common pathogenic staphylococcus, which can widely infect humans and various animals, causing various diseases such as mastitis, skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, etc. It not only endangers human health, but also brings serious economic losses to animal husbandry.
[0003] The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus comes from various virulence factors produced during its replication process, such as alpha-hemolysin (Hla) , immunoglobulin G-binding protein A (SpA) , clumping factor (Clf) , etc., and they can lyse host cells, cause inflammation, cause tissue damage, and induce immune escape after infection. For individuals infected with Staphylococcus aureus, the conventional method is to use antibiotics for treatment. However, Staphylococcus aureus is prone to developing drug resistance, and there are currently multiple drug-resistant strains such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, which poses great challenges to clinical treatment.
[0004] Vaccination is a better solution. Compared to antibiotic treatment, vaccines can allow the body to generate specific antibodies and immune cells against Staphylococcus aureus through active immunity, thereby providing more lasting protection and preventing the occurrence of infection. At the same time, vaccines with protective effects can replace antibiotic treatment, significantly reducing the demand for antibiotic use, helping to suppress the emergence and further spread of novel drug-resistant strains, and alleviating clinical treatment pressure. However, due to the powerful immune escape mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus and its multiple serotypes, subunit vaccines have insufficient protective efficacy, and currently no vaccine has been successfully applied in clinical treatment.
[0005] Nucleic acid vaccines, also known as genetic vaccines, refer to the introduction of a vector containing a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antigen protein into the host body through methods such as intramuscular injection, the expression of the antigenic proteins by the host cells, and the induction of the host cells to produce an immune response to the antigenic proteins, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating diseases. Nucleic acid vaccines are developed using modern biotechnology immunology, biochemistry, molecular biology, etc., and are divided into two types: DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines. Compared to traditional inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and genetically engineered vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines have multiple advantages: (1) nucleic acid vaccines do not carry virulent virus particles and have higher safety; (2) nucleic acid vaccines can complete antigen protein expression within cells, thereby inducing humoral and cellular immunity of the body to the protein, which can enhance immune efficacy, and prolong the duration of effective protection; and (3) after vaccination with nucleic acid vaccines, antigen proteins are expressed in cells and can directly bind to histocompatibility complex MHC class I or II molecules without interference from maternal antigens.
[0006] At present, research has been conducted on vaccine development based on the main virulence factors and immune dominant proteins of Staphylococcus aureus, mainly including multivalent recombinant protein vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. For example, SA4Ag is a 4-valent vaccine composed of Staphylococcus capsular polysaccharide types 5 and 8 (CP5 / 8) , clumping factor A (ClfA) , and a novel recombinant P305A, wherein P305A is a protein derived from the lipoprotein manganese transporter C (MntC) . SA4Ag has been advanced to phase III clinical trials, and although the vaccine induces the production of specific antibodies, these antibodies have not shown significant protective effects. For example, PentaStaph is a multivalent vaccine composed of CP5, CP8, alpha-hemolysin, Valentine Leukosin S (LukSPV) , and cell wall acid, which was taken over by GSK after phase I clinical trials, and later jointly developed with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) changing to immunization based on Vaccia Ankara (MVA) . In addition, Novartis (now GSK) has developed a multivalent vaccine based on the surface proteins SdrE, IsdA, SdrD, and IsdB of Staphylococcus aureus, which is still in the animal research stage.
[0007] The above-mentioned subunit vaccines can induce humoral immune responses, but the latest research shows that the protection provided by humoral immunity is not sufficient to deal with Staphylococcus aureus infection, and T cell-mediated immune responses play a more important role during the long-term protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Subunit vaccines are limited by their own properties and immune principles, making them difficult to induce cellular immunity, while nucleic acid vaccines can effectively address this issue. The above-mentioned subunit vaccines all have achieved good effects in the animal experimental stage, but have all ended in failure in clinical trials. The reason is that humans and animals have non-protective humoral immune imprints against Staphylococcus aureus infection, and the antibodies activated by subunit vaccines are non-protective antibodies that already exist in the human body. Non-protective humoral immune imprints can cause falsely high neutralizing antibody titers, resulting in misleading outcomes. In the design of mRNA vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus, the antigen fusion expression of toxin antigens and sub dominant cell wall antigens (CWAs) can avoid the adverse effects of humoral immune imprints, and is an effective way to develop vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus or pathogenic staphylococci.
[0008] Various Staphylococcus aureus vaccines have been disclosed in the prior art. Patent Document 1 (CN115975865A, the publication date is April 18, 2023) discloses an antigen carrier strain, a recombinant strain, and their application in the preparation of a Staphylococcus aureus oral vaccine, and the strain is LR076, which was deposited on September 27, 2022 at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the deposit number CGMCC No. 25845; the recombinant strain is formed by transforming a recombinant plasmid carrying exogenous Staphylococcus aureus antigen fragments into the LR076 strain; and the antigen fragments include HlaH35L, IsdB, and MntC. The application of recombinant strains in the preparation of oral vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus can effectively alleviate lung lesions after infection and reduce the amount of colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in the lungs. Patent Document 2 (CN117355328A, the publish date is January 5, 2024) discloses an immunogenic composition for inducing an immune response in a subject for the treatment and / or prevention a Staphylococcus aureus infection, and the immunogenic composition comprises a Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) polypeptide and a Staphylococcus aureus leukopenin A (LukA) and / or leukopenin B (LukB) variant polypeptide. Patent Document 3 (WO2024040363A1, the publish date is February 29, 2024) discloses a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine and its preparation method and the use of PLGA-PEG copolymer in vaccine preparation; the vaccine contains adjuvant nanoparticles, which contain PLGA or PLGA-PEG copolymer, and Staphylococcus aureus antigen covalently linked to the adjuvant nanoparticles. However, the above-mentioned Staphylococcus aureus vaccines still have defects such as immunogenicity and insufficient T cell immune response.
[0009] Although there are already subunit vaccines mentioned above and Staphylococcus aureus vaccines disclosed by the prior art, there is still an urgent need in the art for a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine that has better immunogenicity and can provide effective immunoprotective effects.Summary of the invention
[0010] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel immunogenic composition, fusion protein, recombinant vaccine, and molecular architecture design and application for the prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection. The present invention provides a novel fusion molecular architecture comprising fusion proteins encoded by three genes, Tuf, SpxA, and Hu genes, or comprising fusion proteins encoded by two genes, Hla_H35L and EsxB genes, which can be used for the development of nucleic acid vaccines or subunit vaccines. The present invention has discovered that the novel fusion molecule has good immunogenicity and can provide effective immunoprotective effects, and can clear Staphylococcus aureus colonization in some individuals. The present invention also has discovered that the novel molecular architecture can effectively enhance the expression level of fusion proteins, thereby further improving the immunoprotective effects. The present invention also provides corresponding recombinant nucleic acids, gene expression cassettes, vectors, host cells, pharmaceutical compositions, vaccines, uses, etc.
[0011] One aspect of the present invention provides a fusion protein, which is characterized by being selected from the following (1) or (2) :
[0012] (1) a fusion protein A, the fusion protein A comprising an elongation factor Tu (Tuf) antigen, a transcriptional regulator SpxA (SpxA) antigen, and a HU family DNA-binding protein (DNA-binding protein Hu) antigen;
[0013] (2) a fusion protein B, the fusion protein B comprising an alpha-hemolysin H35L mutant (Hla_H35L) antigen and an ESAT-6-like protein EsxB (EsxB) antigen.
[0014] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the antigen is derived from coccus; preferably, from staphylococcus; most preferably, from Staphylococcus aureus.
[0015] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the amino acid sequence of the elongation factor Tu antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, the amino acid sequence of the transcription regulatory factor SpxA antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, the amino acid sequence of the HU family DNA-binding protein antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, the amino acid sequence of the alpha-hemolysin H35L mutant antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and the amino acid sequence of the ESAT-6-like protein EsxB antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0016] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the fusion protein A comprises the elongation factor Tu antigen, the transcription regulatory factor SpxA antigen, and the HU family DNA-binding protein antigen in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus; and the fusion protein B comprises the alpha-hemolysin H35L mutant antigen and the ESAT-6-like protein EsxB antigen in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.
[0017] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein A is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the amino acid sequence of fusion protein B is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0018] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the N-terminus of the fusion protein B further comprises a signal peptide and / or an Fc domain of immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (IGHG1) of any species origin; preferably, the signal peptide is derived from human Azurocidin protein or bovine IGHG1 protein, more preferably, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide derived from human Azurocidin protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide derived from bovine immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; preferably, the Fc domain of the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 is derived from human or bovine, more preferably, the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 derived from human is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 derived from bovine is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0019] Optionally, the various elements of the fusion protein are linked via a linking peptide; preferably, the linking peptide is a spacer sequence or a linker sequence; more preferably, the amino acid sequence of the spacer sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the amino acid sequence of the linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 11.
[0020] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant nucleic acid molecule, which is characterized by encoding the fusion protein of the present invention.
[0021] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant gene expression cassette, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of the present invention.
[0022] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant vector, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of the present invention or the recombinant gene expression cassette of the present invention.
[0023] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant host cell, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of the present invention, or the recombinant gene expression cassette of the present invention, or the recombinant vector of the present invention.
[0024] Another aspect of the present invention provides an immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition, which is characterized by comprising one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vectors of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant host cells of the present invention; preferably, the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0025] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition comprises the fusion protein A and fusion protein B; preferably, the mass ratio of the fusion protein A to fusion protein B in the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition is 1: 1.
[0026] Another aspect of the present invention provides a recombinant vaccine, which is characterized by comprising one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vectors of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant host cells of the present invention, and / or one or more immunogenic compositions or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
[0027] Another aspect of the present invention provides use of one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vectors of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant host cells of the present invention, and / or one or more immunogenic compositions or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, and / or one or more recombinant vaccines of the present invention in the preparation of a drug for prevention, treatment, and / or vaccination of vaccines or biological immunity.
[0028] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the drug is used for preventing and / or treating tissue infections caused by staphylococcus; preferably, the staphylococcus is Staphylococcus aureus; preferably, the tissue infection is skin tissue infection, breast infection, abdominal infection, etc.; more preferably, the tissue infection is breast infection.
[0029] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preventing and / or treating a disease, characterized in that the subject is vaccinated with the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, or the recombinant vaccine of the present invention.
[0030] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the disease is a tissue infection caused by staphylococcus; preferably, the staphylococcus is Staphylococcus aureus; preferably, the tissue infection is skin tissue infection, breast infection, abdominal infection, etc.; more preferably, the tissue infection is breast infection.
[0031] The fusion protein, immunogenic composition, recombinant vaccine, etc. of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects:
[0032] 1. The present invention has discovered that novel fusion molecules have good immunogenicity and can provide immunoprotective effects, which can be used for the development of nucleic acid vaccines or subunit vaccines. The immunogenic composition of the present invention can provide effective immune protection against infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
[0033] 2. The present invention also discovers that the novel molecular architecture can effectively enhance the expression level of fusion proteins, thereby further improving the immunoprotective effects. As for the Tuf-SpxA-Hu fusion protein involved in vaccine A and the Hla_H35L-EsxB fusion protein involved in vaccine B of the present invention, their secreted and expressed molecular architectures effectively enhance the expression level of fusion proteins, thereby improving immune efficacy and providing novel technologies for the design of multivalent vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus in the field of immune drug design.
[0034] 3. Example 4 of the present invention demonstrates that vaccines designed based on the present invention all can be correctly expressed in eukaryotic cells, and the expressed protein structure is correct and stable, which is beneficial for immune epitope presentation.
[0035] 4. Example 5 of the present invention demonstrates that in a mouse mastitis model, vaccine A based on the present invention can provide good immune therapeutic effects and clear bacterial colonization in 33.3%of individuals. As detected by means of tissue sectioning and HE staining, the inflammatory cell infiltration in the vaccine A treatment group was significantly alleviated, and the tissue structure was clear and intact.
[0036] 5. Example 5 of the present invention also demonstrates that the immune effect of vaccine C with a single antigen is significantly lower than that of vaccine A with multiple antigens. The reason may be that Staphylococcus aureus has multiple immune escape mechanisms and can evade the host’s immune system through various virulence proteins secreted by itself, and therefore, a single antigen target cannot provide good immune protection. However, the vaccine based on the multi antigen target combination of the present invention can provide more immune epitopes, which is beneficial for improving immune therapeutic effect and achieving the clearance of colonized bacteria in some individuals.
[0037] 6. Example 6 of the present invention demonstrates that in a mouse abdominal infection model, both vaccine A and vaccine B based on the present invention produce good preventive effects after immunization. Among them, co-immunization with vaccine A and vaccine B has the best preventive effect: compared to the control group, the blood bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 18 times, the abdominal fluid bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 20 times, and the spleen bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 7000 times; vaccine B alone has the second best preventive effect: compared to the control group, the blood bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 6 times, the abdominal fluid bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 12 times, and the spleen bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 3500 times; vaccine A alone has the next highest preventive effect: compared to the control group, the blood bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 4 times, the abdominal fluid bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 5 times, and the spleen bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 2300 times. However, immunization with either vaccine A or vaccine B alone provides strong immune protection.
[0038] 7. Examples 4, 5, and 6 of the present invention collectively demonstrate that the vaccine based on the present invention can induce model animal mice to produce effective immunity, and has therapeutic and preventive effects against Staphylococcus aureus infection. The present invention can be applied to the production and development of human and animal immune drugs, filling the gap in the current development of Staphylococcus aureus nucleic acid vaccines, with high commercial value and broad application prospects.
[0039] Detailed description of the drawings
[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the molecular structure of the fusion protein expressed by vaccine A and vaccine B of the present invention.
[0041] Figures 2A to 2C show quality control peak diagrams and purity detection results of nucleic acid vaccines A, B, and C containing the antigen sequence of the present invention; wherein Figure 2A shows the quality control peak diagrams and purity detection results of vaccine A, Figure 2B shows the quality control peak diagrams and purity detection results of vaccine B, and Figure 2C shows the quality control peak diagrams and purity detection results of vaccine C.
[0042] Figures 3A to 3C show the expression effects of vaccines A, B, and C of the present invention after transfection into HEK293T cells in vitro; wherein Figure 3A shows the in vitro expression results of vaccine A, Figure 3B shows the in vitro expression results of vaccine B, and Figure 3C shows the in vitro expression results of vaccine C.
[0043] Figure 4 shows the immunization and sampling process of vaccines A and C of the present invention in a mouse mastitis model.
[0044] Figures 5A-5B show the bacterial load in the mammary gland of mice with mastitis after treated with vaccines C and A of the present invention; wherein Figure 5A shows the bacterial load in the mammary gland of mice with mastitis after treated with vaccine C, while Figure 5B shows the bacterial load in the mammary gland of mice with mastitis after treated with vaccine A.
[0045] Figure 6 shows the HE staining image of breast tissue slices from mice with mastitis after treated with vaccine A of the present invention.
[0046] Figure 7 shows the immunization and sampling process of vaccine A, vaccine B, and co-immunization of vaccines A and B of the present invention in a mouse abdominal infection model.
[0047] Figures 8A-8C show the preventive and protective effects of vaccine A, vaccine B, and co-immunization of vaccines A and B of the present invention in a mouse abdominal infection model; among them, Figure 8A shows the bacterial load in the blood of mice after immune challenge, Figure 8B shows the bacterial load in the abdominal fluid of mice after immune challenge, and Figure 8C shows the bacterial load in the spleen of mice after immune challenge.Detailed Description
[0048] Terms and definitions
[0049] The term “S. aureus” refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is spherical in shape and occurs singly, in pairs, in short chains or in irregular clusters..
[0050] The term “staphylococcal infection” refers to infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and / or Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as other strains of staphylococcus that can cause infections in mammalian hosts, preferably in human hosts.
[0051] The term “Hla_H35L” refers to a mutant of alpha-hemolysin from Staphylococcus bacteria, where the 35th amino acid of wild-type Hla is mutated from histidine (His) to leucine (Leucine) . Proteins comprising Hla_H35L polypeptides and segments thereof, as well as variants that can stimulate immune responses against the Hla_H35L proteins of Staphylococcus bacteria. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the Hla_H35L is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0052] The term “EsxB” refers to ESAT-6-like protein EsxB from Staphylococcus bacteria. Proteins comprising wild-type EsxB polypeptides and segments thereof isolated from bacteria, as well as variants that can stimulate immune responses against EsxB proteins in Staphylococcus bacteria. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the EsxB is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0053] The term “Tuf” refers to elongation factor Tu protein from Staphylococcus bacteria. Proteins comprising wild-type Tuf polypeptides and segments thereof isolated from bacteria, as well as variants that can stimulate immune responses against Tuf proteins in Staphylococcus bacteria. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the Tuf is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0054] The term “SpxA” refers to global transcriptional regulator Spx protein from Staphylococcus bacteria. Proteins comprising wild-type SpxA polypeptides and segments thereof isolated from bacteria, as well as variants that can stimulate immune responses against SpxA proteins in Staphylococcus bacteria. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the SpxA is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0055] The term “DNA-binding protein Hu” or “HU family DNA-binding proteins” or “Hu” refers to HU family DNA-binding protein from Staphylococcus bacteria. Proteins comprising wild-type DNA-binding protein Hu polypeptides and segments thereof isolated from bacteria, as well as variants that can stimulate immune responses against DNA-binding protein Hu in Staphylococcus bacteria. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the DNA-binding protein Hu is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
[0056] The term “PmtC” refers to Phenol-soluble modulin export ABC transporter ATP-binding protein PmtC (Pmtc) from Staphylococcus bacteria. Proteins comprising wild-type PmtC polypeptides and segments thereof isolated from bacteria, as well as variants that can stimulate immune responses against PmtC proteins in Staphylococcus bacteria. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the PmtC is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0057] The term “immune response” refers to a humoral response, a cellular response, or both a humoral and a cellular response in an organism. Immunity can be measured by assays, including but not limited to assays measuring the presence or amount of antibodies that specifically recognize proteins or cell surface proteins, assays measuring T cell activation or proliferation, and / or assays measuring the regulation of activity or expression of one or more cytokines.
[0058] The term “administration” or “vaccination” refers to the administration of the nucleic acid vaccine or vaccine composition of the present invention, preferably through intramuscular or subcutaneous route, although other routes of administration can also be used, such as oral, intranasal (e.g. aerosol or other non-injectable administration) , intralymph node, intradermal, intraperitoneal, rectal or vaginal administration, or by a co-administered route. Intramuscular administration in the neck of the animal is preferred. Boosting regimes can be used to adjust the administration regimen to provide optimal immunity.
[0059] The term “expression” includes any steps involved in polypeptide production, including but not limited to: transcription, post transcriptional modification, translation, post translational modification, and secretion.
[0060] The term “recombinant nucleic acid molecule” refers to the polynucleotide with sequences that are not linked together in nature. Recombinant polynucleotides can be included in a suitable vector and the vector can be used for transformation into suitable host cells. Then the polynucleotide is expressed in the recombinant host cells to produce products such as “recombinant peptides” , “recombinant proteins” , “fusion proteins” etc.
[0061] The term “recombinant expression vector” refers to the DNA structure used for expressing, for example, the nucleotide encoding the desired polypeptide. Recombinant expression vectors may include, for example transcriptional subunits comprising (1) a collection of genetic elements that have a regulatory effect on gene expression, such as promoters and enhancers; (2) structural or coding sequences that are transcribed into mRNAs and translated into proteins; and (3) appropriate transcriptional and translational initiation and termination sequences. Recombinant expression vectors can be constructed in any suitable manner and can use any vector, including plasmids, viruses, bacteriophages, and transposons. Possible vectors used for the present disclosure include but are not limited to chromosomal, non-chromosomal, and synthetic DNA sequences, such as viral plasmids, bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, yeast plasmids, and vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, such as DNA from viruses such as lentivirus, retrovirus, cowpox, adenovirus, chicken pox, baculovirus, SV40, and pseudorabies virus. Self-replicating vectors and non-self-replicating vectors are included.
[0062] The term “mRNA” refers to messenger RNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, is a type of single stranded ribonucleic acid transcribed from a strand of DNA as a template, carrying genetic information to guide protein synthesis.
[0063] The term “5’-UTR” refers to “5’ untranslated region” or “5’ UTR” , which is a portion of a gene transcribed into a primary RNA transcript (precursor mRNA) and located upstream of the coding sequence. The primary transcript is the initial RNA product, comprising introns and exons, produced by DNA transcription. Many primary transcripts must undergo RNA processing to form RNA with physiological activity. The processing to form mature mRNA includes modification of ends, excision of introns, capping, and / or shearing out of individual rRNA molecules from the precursor RNA. Therefore, the 5’ UTR of mRNA is a portion of mRNA that is not translated into proteins and is located upstream of the coding sequence. In genomic sequences, the 5’ UTR is typically defined as the region located between the transcription start site and the start codon. The 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) of vertebrate mRNAs can be tens to hundreds of bases in length.
[0064] The term “3’ UTR” refers to “3’ untranslated region” or “3’ UTR” , which relates to the region located at the 3’ end of a gene, downstream of the stop codon in the protein coding region, and is transcribed but not translated into an amino acid sequence, or relates to the corresponding region in RNA molecules. The 3’-untranslated region typically extends from the stop codon of the translation product to the poly (A) sequence that is typically attached after the transcription process. The 3’-untranslated region of mammalian mRNA typically has a homologous region known as the AAUAAA hexanucleotide sequence. This sequence may be a poly (A) attachment signal and is often located at 10 to 30 bases upstream of the poly (A) attachment site. The 3’-untranslated region can contain one or more reverse repeats, which can be folded to produce a stem loop structure that acts as a barrier for ribonucleases or interacts with proteins known to enhance RNA stability, such as RNA-binding proteins.
[0065] The term “host cell” refers to cells into which exogenous polynucleotides have been introduced, including offspring of such cells. Host cells include “transformants” and “transformed cells” , which include primary transformed cells and offspring derived from them. Host cells are any type of cell systems that can be used to produce recombinant vaccines based on the present invention, including eukaryotic cells such as mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast cells; and prokaryotic cells, such as E. coli cells. Host cells include cultured cells.
[0066] The term “individual” , “patient” , or “subject” includes mammals. Mammals include but are not limited to domesticated animals such as pigs, cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses, primates such as humans and non-human primates such as monkeys, and rodents such as rabbits, mice, and rats.
[0067] The terms “transformation, transfection, and transduction” have a commonly understood meaning by those skilled in the art, that is, the process of introducing exogenous DNA or RNA into the host.
[0068] The term “drug combination” or “pharmaceutical composition” refers to auxiliary materials widely used in the field of drug production. The main purpose of using a carrier is to provide a pharmaceutical composition that is safe to use, stable in properties, and / or has specific functionality, as well as to provide a method for obtaining an effective absorption in the body of the subject. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be inert fillers or active ingredients that provide certain functions for the pharmaceutical combination, such as stabilizing the overall pH of the composition or preventing degradation of active ingredients in the composition. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include but are not limited to binders, suspending agents, emulsifiers, diluents (or fillers) , granulators, adhesives, disintegrating agents, lubricants, anti-adhesives, flow aids, gelling agents, absorption delaying agents, solubility inhibitors, enhancers, adsorbents, buffering agents, chelating agents, preservatives, colorants, flavour correcting agents, and sweeteners.
[0069] The term “treatment” refers to exposing (e.g. administering) a subject to a recombinant vaccine, composition, or the like based on the present invention after suffering from a disease, in order to alleviate the symptoms of the disease compared to non-expose, and does not imply that it is necessary to suppress the symptoms of the disease completely. Suffering from a disease refers to the appearance of symptoms of the disease in the body.
[0070] The term “prevention” refers to exposing (e.g. administering) a subject to a recombinant vaccine, composition, etc., based on the present invention before suffering from a disease, in order to alleviate the symptoms of the subject after suffering from the disease compared to non-expose, and does not imply that it is necessary to suppress suffering from the disease completely.
[0071] Unless otherwise defined or clearly indicated by the contexts, all technical and scientific terms used in this disclosure have the same meanings as is commonly understood by those skilled in the art described herein.
[0072] The present invention discloses a fusion molecular architecture that effectively improves the antigen presentation efficiency of cells, the recombinant vaccine preparation method based on the architecture, and its application. Those skilled in the art can refer to the contents of this article and improve the process parameters as appropriate to achieve this. It should be noted that all similar alternations and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included within the scope of the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred examples, and it is obvious that relevant personnel can make modifications or appropriate changes and combinations to the method and application described herein without departing from the content, spirit, and scope of the present invention, in order to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.
[0073] As for the fusion proteins and encoded nucleic acids and components thereof, the methods of preparation and the applications thereof provided by the present invention, the raw materials and reagents used therein are commercially available.
[0074] The present invention will be further elucidated in connection with examples. Among them, as a preferred option, the nucleic acid vaccine architecture is selected for the preparation of recombinant vaccines.
[0075] Example 1. Construction of a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine of the present invention
[0076] In order to prepare a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine containing the antigen of the present invention, the non-limiting schematic diagram of the nucleic acid vaccine of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, which is an exemplary schematic diagram of the molecular structure of the fusion protein expressed by vaccine A and vaccine B of the present invention. In order to prepare a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine capable of producing the molecular structure shown in Figure 1, a gene expression cassette is first constructed for expressing the antigen sequence of the present invention. The expression box, from the 5’ end to the 3’ end, sequentially includes: 5’ UTR, CDS region, 3’ UTR, PolyA, among them, the CDS region contains the fusion molecular architecture described in the present invention. Subsequently, the complete gene expression cassette sequence is optimized based on codon degeneracy, and the DNA sequence is directly obtained through gene synthesis (Genscript Biotech Corporation was commissioned to synthesize the sequence) . Finally, the synthesized gene expression cassette DNA sequence is inserted into an expression vector that can be used for in vitro RNA transcription to obtain the vector plasmid for preparing recombinant nucleic acid vaccines.
[0077] According to the above method, prepare the vector for subsequent examples:
[0078] (1) A recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A preparation vector based on the present invention
[0079] Step a: synthesize the fusion fragment of the “Tuf-SpxA-Hu” three genes, which are linked through the linker sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein encoded by Tuf-SpxA-Hu fusion gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12. Among them, the amino acid sequence of Tuf antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, the amino acid sequence of SpxA antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the amino acid sequence of Hu (i.e. HU family DNA-binding protein, DNA-binding protein Hu) antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
[0080] Step b: construct a nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector.
[0081] The nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector comprises 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR, which can be a vector for producing any form of RNA vaccines or a vector for producing DNA vaccines.
[0082] Step c: prepare recombinant plasmids.
[0083] The gene synthesized in step a is inserted into the vector architecture of step b to obtain a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A preparation vector based on the present invention.
[0084] (2) A recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B preparation vector based on the present invention
[0085] Step a: synthesize the gene fragment of “Human Signal Peptide-Fc Domain of Human IGHG1-Hla_H35L-EsxB” . Among them, the human signal peptide is the signal peptide of the human Azurocidin protein, and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6; the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of human IGHG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8; the amino acid sequence of Hla_H35L antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4; the amino acid sequence of EsxB antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; the Fc domain of human IGHG1 and Hla_H35L are linked through the spacer sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; Hla_H35L and EsxB are linked through the linker sequence with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein encoded by Hla_H35L-EsxB fusion gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0086] Step b: construct a nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector.
[0087] The nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector comprises 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR, which can be a vector for producing any form of RNA vaccines or a vector for producing DNA vaccines.
[0088] Step c: prepare recombinant plasmids.
[0089] The gene synthesized in step a is inserted into the vector architecture of step b to obtain the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B preparation vector based on the present invention.
[0090] (3) A recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C preparation vector based on the present invention
[0091] Step a: synthesize the gene fragment of “bovine signal peptide-Fc domain of bovine IGHG1-PmtC” . Among them, the bovine signal peptide is the signal peptide of the bovine IGHG1 protein, and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of bovine IGHG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the amino acid sequence of PmtC is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0092] Step b: construct a nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector.
[0093] The nucleic acid vaccine architecture vector comprises 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR, which can be a vector for producing any form of RNA vaccines or a vector for producing DNA vaccines.
[0094] Step c: prepare recombinant plasmids.
[0095] The gene synthesized in step a is inserted into the vector architecture of step b to obtain the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C preparation vector based on the present invention.
[0096] Table 1. Protein amino acid sequences of the architectural elements involved in the present invention
[0097] Example 2. Preparation of a recombinant nucleic acid vaccine of the present invention
[0098] (1) Preparation of a capped mRNA vaccine
[0099] Step a: the vector plasmid used for producing capped mRNA vaccines in Example 1 is enzymatically linearized to obtain a linearized plasmid for in vitro transcription.
[0100] Step b: the in vitro co transcription capping reaction is performed to the linearized plasmid, the 7-methylated guanylate cap structure is added to the 5’ terminus of the transcribed mRNA, and the template DNA is degraded.
[0101] (2) Preparation of a non-capped mRNA vaccine
[0102] Step a: the vector plasmid used for producing non-capped mRNA vaccines in Example 1 is enzymatically linearized to obtain a linearized plasmid for in vitro transcription.
[0103] Step b: the in vitro non-capped transcription reaction is performed to the linearized plasmid and the template DNA is degraded.
[0104] (3) Preparation of DNA vaccine
[0105] Step a: the vector plasmid used for producing DNA vaccines in Example 1 is amplified to obtain a large amount of target plasmids for purification.
[0106] Step b: the target plasmids were extracted and purified using the De-Endotoxin Plasmid Extraction and Purification Kit.
[0107] Example 3. Quality control of in vitro transcription of recombinant nucleic acids and vaccine preparation of the present invention
[0108] Vaccine A (based on the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A of the present invention) , vaccine B (based on the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B of the present invention) , and vaccine C (based on the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C of the present invention) are prepared using the method for preparing the capped mRNA vaccine in Example 2. Purity testing is performed on the produced recombinant nucleic acids, and the purity of the recombinant nucleic acids used for experiments is greater than 85%. The quality control peak diagrams of the recombinant nucleic acids based on the present invention are shown in Figures 2A, 2B, and 2C. The specific description is: (1) the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine A based on the present invention, the purity is 90.8%; (2) the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine B based on the present invention, the purity is 89.1%; and (3) the recombinant nucleic acid vaccine C based on the present invention, the purity is 91.5%. The above purities meet the quality requirements for cell transfection experiments and vaccine production.
[0109] Example 4. Effect of in vitro expression of recombinant nucleic acids of the present invention
[0110] Vaccines A and B from Example 3 are transfected into HEK293T cells by cell transfection reagents, and the proteins are collected after 48 hours of in vitro incubation and subjected to Western blot.
[0111] Figures 3A, 3B, and 3C show the results of in vitro expression WB (Western blot) assay of HEK293 cells transfected with vaccines A, B, and C, wherein the antigen expressed by vaccine A is a cellular immune antigen, and theoretically, significant expression can be detected in cell lysate; the antigens expressed by vaccines B and C are humoral immune antigens, and theoretically, significant expression can be detected in the supernatant. As for vaccines containing multiple cellular immune antigens, significant protein expression can be detected in cell lysate; and as for vaccines containing multiple humoral immune antigens, significant protein expression can be detected in the supernatant. The protein molecular weights of vaccines A, B, and C are shown in Table 2.
[0112] Among them, vaccine A can be significantly expressed in cells, demonstrating that the molecular architecture provided by the present invention for promoting antigen fusion expression enables multiple antigens to be smoothly translated and correctly folded in eukaryotic cells, with stable structure and long half-life. Vaccine B can be significantly expressed in the supernatant, demonstrating that the molecular architecture provided by the present invention for promoting the secretion and expression of fusion proteins enables multiple antigens to be smoothly translated, correctly folded, and secreted into the extracellular space in eukaryotic cells. Vaccine C can be significantly expressed in the supernatant, demonstrating that the humoral immune antigen target provided by the present invention can be smoothly translated, correctly folded, and secreted into the extracellular space in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the vaccines designed based on the present invention, either single antigens or antigen combinations, all can be correctly expressed in eukaryotic cells, and the expressed protein structures are correct and stable, which is beneficial to the presentation of immune epitopes.
[0113] Table 2. Protein molecular weights of vaccines A, B, and C
[0114] Example 5. Therapeutic effect of recombinant nucleic acid vaccines based on the present invention in the mouse mastitis model
[0115] In order to verify whether the cell immune antigen fusion molecule has immunoprotective effects, vaccine A and vaccine C are selected for immunotherapy experiments in this example.
[0116] A total of 16 female mice of 8-week-old Balb / c strain with similar body size and weight are selected for the experiment, and are adaptively fed for 3-7 days, then combined in cages to give birth. On the 4th to 5th day of lactation, low-dose S. aureus is used to model mastitis in female mice for immunotherapy experiments. It is specifically shown in Table 3.
[0117] Table 3. Modeling method for mouse mastitis model of Example 5
[0118] Mouse mastitis models are established according to the above method, three groups in total. The immunization and treatment process is shown in Table 4, and the dosages in this table and the following text refer to the amounts of active ingredients.
[0119] Table 4. Treatment schedule for immune experiment animals in Example 5.
[0120] Note: PBS refers to the replacement of the vaccine with a PBS solution, which is the control group (non-treatment group) , as the control group for immunotherapy experiments.
[0121] Five rounds of immunotherapies are performed on the mice in each group according to the immunization process in Table 4, and samples are collected on Day 17 to detect tissue bacterial load. The immunization and sampling process is shown in Figure 4.
[0122] The bacterial load in the mammary gland of mice with mastitis treated with vaccine C is shown in Figure 5A. According to the experimental results, vaccine C has a therapeutic effect, but the effect is not significant (p>0.05) . This proves that the recombinant vaccine containing a single antigen target based on the present invention can provide a certain degree of immunotherapeutic effect, but cannot clear bacterial colonization.
[0123] The bacterial load in the mammary gland of mice with mastitis treated with vaccine A is shown in Figure 5B, and the results show that the bacterial load in the mammary gland of mice treated with vaccine A is significantly reduced (p<0.05) . Compared to the bacterial load of the control group (~10000 CFU / g) , 5 / 6 (83.3%) of the mice in the treatment group (vaccine A) has a bacterial load below 500 CFU / g, with 2 mice (33.3%) having a bacterial load of 0 CFU / g, indicating complete clearness of Staphylococcus aureus in their bodies. This proves that the cellular immune recombinant vaccines based on the present invention can provide excellent immune therapeutic effects, and can clear bacterial colonization in 33.3%of individuals.
[0124] In addition, the recovery of breast tissues in mice of the control group and vaccine A treatment group is detected by tissue sectioning and HE staining (Figure 6) to evaluate the therapeutic effect of vaccine A. From the result chart, it can be seen that the alveolar structures of the breast tissues in the control group are severely damaged, alveolar walls are significantly thickened and inflammatory cells gather in the alveolar cavity of the breast. Furthermore, the inflammatory cell infiltration in the vaccine A treatment group is significantly alleviated, and the tissue structures are clear and intact. This result proves that vaccine A can provide good therapeutic effects on mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection.
[0125] The reason for the above results is that Staphylococcus aureus has multiple immune escape mechanisms and can evade the host’s immune system through various virulence proteins secreted by itself, and therefore, a single antigen target cannot provide good immune protection. However, the vaccine based on the multi antigen target combination of the present invention can provide more immune epitopes, which is beneficial for improving immune therapeutic effects and achieving the clearance of colonized bacteria in some individuals.
[0126] Example 6. Preventive effect of recombinant nucleic acid vaccines based on the present invention in the mouse abdominal infection model
[0127] In order to verify whether the humoral and cellular immune recombinant nucleic acid vaccines of the present invention can have the effect of preventing Staphylococcus aureus infection after immunization, vaccines A and B are selected for experiments in this example. A total of 20 female mice of 7-week-old male Balb / c strain with similar body size and weight are selected for the experiment. After adaptive feeding, mice are randomly divided into 4 groups, with 5 mice in each group, for immunotherapy experiments. It is specifically shown in Table 5.
[0128] Table 5. Immunization process of experimental animals in Example 6
[0129] Note: PBS refers to the replacement of the vaccine with a PBS solution, which is the control group (non-treatment group) , as the control group for immunotherapy experiments.
[0130] The above groups of mice are immunized twice on Day 0 (Day0) and Day 21 (Day21) according to the immunization process in Table 5. On Day 35 (Day31) , mice are intraabdominally injected with 500 μl of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial solution (1×108 CFU) and fed normally. The clinical manifestations of the mice are observed, monitored, and recorded daily. On Day 38 (Day38) , mice are euthanized and samples are collected to measure the bacterial load in blood, abdominal fluid, and spleen. The immunization and sampling process is shown in Figure 7.
[0131] After different groups of mice challenge, the bacterial load in the blood is shown in Figure 8A, the bacterial load in the abdominal fluid is shown in Figure 8B, and the bacterial load in the spleen is shown in Figure 8C. According to the experimental results, the bacterial loads in the blood, abdominal fluid, and spleen of mice immunized with the vaccines are all significantly lower than the bacterial load of the control group (p<0.001) . It proves that all three immunization regimens can induce a protective immunity in mice, and both vaccine A and vaccine B have good preventive effects. Among them, co-immunization with vaccine A and vaccine B has the best preventive effect: compared to the control group, the blood bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 18 times, the abdominal fluid bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 20 times, and the spleen bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 7000 times; vaccine B alone has the second best preventive effect: compared to the control group, the blood bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 6 times, the abdominal fluid bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 12 times, and the spleen bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 3500 times; vaccine A alone has the next highest preventive effect: compared to the control group, the blood bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 4 times, the abdominal fluid bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 5 times, and the spleen bacterial load (median) is reduced by about 2300 times. However, immunization with either vaccine A or vaccine B alone provides strong immune protection.
[0132] In summary, the antigen and fusion molecular architecture provided by the present invention can induce model animal mice to produce effective immunity , and have therapeutic and preventive effects against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to the production and development of animal immune drugs, filling the gap in the current development of Staphylococcus aureus nucleic acid vaccines, with high commercial value and broad application prospects.
[0133] The above embodiments disclosed in this disclosure are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the examples provided in this disclosure, and are not intended to limit the embodiments disclosed in this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure could be included within the protection scope of the claims of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A fusion protein, which is characterized by being a fusion protein selected from the following (1) or (2) :(1) a fusion protein A, the fusion protein A comprising an elongation factor Tu (Tuf) antigen, a transcriptional regulator SpxA (SpxA) antigen, and a HU family DNA-binding protein (DNA-binding protein Hu) antigen;(2) a fusion protein B, the fusion protein B comprising an alpha-hemolysin H35L mutant (Hla_H35L) antigen and an ESAT-6-like protein EsxB (EsxB) antigen.2.The fusion protein according to claim 1, characterized in that the antigen is derived from coccus; preferably, from staphylococcus; most preferably, from Staphylococcus aureus.3.The fusion protein according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amino acid sequence of the elongation factor Tu antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, the amino acid sequence of the transcription regulatory factor SpxA antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, the amino acid sequence of the HU family DNA-binding protein antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, the amino acid sequence of the alpha-hemolysin H35L mutant antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and the amino acid sequence of the ESAT-6-like protein EsxB antigen is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.4.The fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the fusion protein A comprises the elongation factor Tu antigen, the transcription regulatory factor SpxA antigen, and the HU family DNA-binding protein antigen in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus; and the fusion protein B comprises the alpha-hemolysin H35L mutant antigen and the ESAT-6-like protein EsxB antigen in sequence from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.5.The fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein A is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein B is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.6.The fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the N-terminus of the fusion protein B further comprises a signal peptide and / or an Fc domain of immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (IGHG1) of any species origin; preferably, the signal peptide is derived from human Azurocidin protein or bovine IGHG1 protein, and the Fc domain of the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 is derived from human or bovine; more preferably, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide derived from human Azurocidin protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide derived from bovine immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 derived from human is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the amino acid sequence of the Fc domain of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 1 derived from bovine is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; optionally, the various elements of the fusion protein are linked via a linking peptide; preferably, the linking peptide is a spacer sequence or a linker sequence; more preferably, the amino acid sequence of the spacer sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the amino acid sequence of the linker sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 11.7.A recombinant nucleic acid molecule, which is characterized by encoding the fusion protein according to any one of claims 1-6.8.A recombinant gene expression cassette, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 7.9.A recombinant vector, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 7 or the recombinant gene expression cassette according to claim 8.10.A recombinant host cell, which is characterized by comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim 7, or the recombinant gene expression cassette according to claim 8, or the recombinant vector according to claim 9.11.An immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition, which is characterized by comprising one or more fusion proteins according to any one of claims 1-6, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules according to claim 7, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes according to claim 8, and / or one or more recombinant vectors according to claim 9, and / or one or more recombinant host cells according to claim 10; preferably, the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.12.The immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, characterized in that the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition comprises the fusion protein A and fusion protein B; preferably, the mass ratio of the fusion protein A to fusion protein B in the immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition is 1: 1.13.A recombinant vaccine, which is characterized by comprising one or more fusion proteins according to any one of claims 1-6, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules according to claim 7, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes according to claim 8, and / or one or more recombinant vectors according to claim 9, and / or one or more recombinant host cells according to claim 10, and / or one or more immunogenic compositions or pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 11 or 12.14.Use of one or more fusion proteins according to any one of claims 1-6, and / or one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecules according to claim 7, and / or one or more recombinant gene expression cassettes according to claim 8, and / or one or more recombinant vectors according to claim 9, and / or one or more recombinant host cells according to claim 10, and / or one or more immunogenic compositions or pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 11 or 12, and / or one or more recombinant vaccines according to claim 13 for the preparation of a drug for prevention, treatment, and / or vaccination of vaccines or biological immunity.15.The use according to claim 14, characterized in that the drug is used for preventing and / or treating the tissue infection caused by staphylococcus; preferably, the staphylococcus is Staphylococcus aureus; preferably, the tissue infection is skin tissue infection, breast infection, abdominal infection, etc. ; more preferably, the tissue infection is breast infection.
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