Multifunctional mouth gag for oral and maxillofacial surgery

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multifunctional mouth gag for oral and maxillofacial surgery, which comprises a mouth opening portion used for keeping the oral cavity open so as to expose a surgical area and a tongue depressing portion used for pressing the tongue to one side so as to expand the field of view of the surgical area. The tongue depressing portion is detachably connected to the mouth opening portion in a manner that at least part of the structure of the tongue depressing portion is retained in a limiting channel. The tongue depressing portion comprises a tongue depressing section and a support section, wherein the tongue depressing section has a curved surface structure and depresses the tongue to the side of the oral cavity away from the surgical area by means of buckling the tongue, and the support section is slidably connected to the limiting channel, such that the tongue depressing section can be driven by the sliding of the support section to change the extent of lateral depressing of the tongue. The present invention remarkably improves the operating accuracy and safety during surgery, and ensures the stability and reliability of the tongue depressing portion during surgery. In this way, medical workers can more effectively control the surgical area, thereby reducing surgical time, improving surgical efficiency, and reducing the discomfort of patients and potential risks during surgery.

Description

A multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oral medical device technology, and in particular to a multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery. Background Technology

[0002] In modern dental clinical practice, medical teams often face the dual challenges of surgical coordination and spatial exposure. On the one hand, adequate exposure of the surgical area requires the use of multiple instruments: mouth openers are used to maintain the patient's open mouth for extended periods, reducing temporomandibular joint and facial muscle fatigue; tongue depressors are used to push the tongue aside, oral mirrors to pull tissues, and saliva suction tubes are used to keep the surgical field dry. On the other hand, the complex procedures exacerbate the shortage of manpower: the dentist needs to hold an oral mirror in one hand to observe the field of vision, and a dental handpiece or instrument in the other hand for delicate operations; the assistant needs to handle saliva suction, instrument and material transfer, making it difficult to use a tongue depressor to assist in exposure simultaneously. This often forces assistants to interrupt their current operation to prioritize instrument transfer and other auxiliary tasks, which not only affects the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment but may also increase the risk of operational errors.

[0003] The basic working principle of an oral mouth opener is to overcome the contractile force of oral muscles (such as the masseter and temporalis muscles) through mechanical support, leverage, or mechanical pressure, thus maintaining the open state of the upper and lower jaws. Currently, most oral mouth openers used in dental treatment are made of metal and are mainly divided into two types: pliers (lateral) and T-shaped. A pliers-type mouth opener (as shown in Figure 11) consists of symmetrical pliers arms, a joint axis, and a handle, forming a pliers-like structure. The front end of its pliers arms is an arc-shaped or flat opening plate with a polished surface to prevent scratching the oral mucosa, and the contact surface with the molars has anti-slip textures. The rear handle controls the opening degree through a threaded adjustment device and a snap-fit ​​system. By adjusting the snap-fit ​​position, the opening width can be precisely set to adapt to different patient needs, and it is widely used in oral surgery and various treatment procedures.

[0004] The mouth opener in Figure 11 lacks an accessory installation structure, preventing the tongue depressor from being functionally integrated with it. Even when the tongue depressor is temporarily fixed to the mouth opener surface with tape, significant drawbacks remain during surgery: due to the dynamic displacement of the tongue, tape fixation makes it difficult to dynamically adjust the tongue depressor, severely limiting its clinical applicability. Therefore, designing a detachable linkage structure through structural innovation and incorporating a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the tongue depressor has become a key bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome in upgrading existing mouth opener technology.

[0005] In addition, existing tongue depressors generally adopt a long strip planar structure design, which faces the following core challenges in practical applications.

[0006] First, there are ergonomic design flaws. ① High probability of triggering the gag reflex: The planar structure easily compresses the base of the tongue (a sensitive area), inducing the pharyngeal reflex and causing nausea and vomiting, especially in children or sensitive individuals. ② Limited operating angle: The long, flat surface cannot conform to the complex physiological curvature of the oral cavity, requiring repeated adjustments to expose the operating area and prolonging the operation time.

[0007] Second, clinical operation efficiency is limited. ① Insufficient field of vision exposure. The tongue is soft, slippery, and mobile. When pressure is applied, it will instinctively retract, resist, or even exhibit lateral or curling movements to avoid pressure. This makes it difficult for the tongue depressor to form a stable restraining relationship with the tongue, obstructing the doctor's field of vision and increasing the difficulty of observing areas such as the posterior molars and floor of the mouth. ② Difficulty in single-handed operation: The long structure easily causes hand fatigue, and the pressure applied is unstable, affecting the accuracy of the operation.

[0008] Third, patient comfort is poor. The base of the tongue is sensitive to pressure, easily triggering the gag reflex. These control failures directly affect the safety and efficiency of surgical procedures. Therefore, developing a tongue-shaped, peach-like arc-shaped plate with a three-dimensional wrapping design is a key direction for innovation in this technical solution. This allows for precise control of tongue displacement, improving patient comfort and enhancing clinical application outcomes.

[0009] For example, CN215994071U discloses a double-jointed tongue depressor for oral surgery, as shown in Figure 12. It includes a first opening forceps and a second opening forceps, which are movably connected. The first opening forceps is provided with an arc-shaped block, and the second opening forceps is provided with a mounting groove. The arc-shaped block passes through the mounting groove, and a self-locking component is provided in the mounting groove. One end of the first opening forceps and one end of the second opening forceps are provided with a spreading block. The tongue depressor is provided on the first opening forceps. The tongue depressor automatically fixes the patient's tongue. Under the action of the self-locking component, the mouth is stably spread open, so that the mouth will not return to its original position, which makes it convenient for medical staff to treat or operate on the affected area without the need for other spreading instruments. However, given the significant individual anatomical variations in patients' tongues (such as differences in the length of the tongue's long axis and different tongue morphology classifications), this tongue depressor uses a fixed compression structure and lacks a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the physiological characteristics of the tongue. This results in insufficient anatomical adaptability of the instrument to different patients, which can easily lead to clinical problems such as tongue depressor position deviation or insufficient exposure of the surgical field, thereby affecting the accuracy of intraoperative procedures and patient comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In existing technologies, the lack of integrated design between surgical tongue depressors and mouth openers prevents single-person collaborative operation in clinical practice. Due to this structural limitation, oral and maxillofacial surgery requires multiple people to collaboratively operate the mouth opener, tongue depressor, and saliva suction tube to achieve anatomical exposure of the surgical area. Specifically, this collaborative operation mode not only significantly reduces operational efficiency but also lacks sufficient precision, becoming a technical bottleneck restricting the accurate operation of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[0011] The present invention provides a multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery from a first aspect, comprising an opening for keeping the oral cavity open to expose the surgical area and a tongue depressor for depressing the tongue to one side to expand the field of vision of the surgical area. The tongue depressor is detachably connected to the opening in such a way that at least a portion of its structure is held within a limiting channel. That is, the tongue depressor is a detachable functional component, a portion of which can be inserted into the limiting channel and can be separated from the limiting channel.

[0012] The tongue depressor consists of a depressor segment and a support segment. The depressor segment has a curved structure. The surface of the human tongue is not flat but has natural curvature (such as the dorsal arch and the tip of the tongue). The curved design of the depressor segment can closely match the contour of the tongue, reducing local stress concentration at the pressure point through biomimetic fit, and avoiding mucosal damage or pain caused by pressure from a hard plane. During the procedure, the tongue will dynamically shift due to the patient's swallowing, secretion stimulation, or postoperative reactions. The curved structure of the depressor segment allows the tongue to retain a certain amount of space for movement under pressure, avoiding tongue stiffness or blood supply obstruction caused by rigid fixation. The large pressure area of ​​the curved structure can significantly reduce the pressure value per unit area, reducing postoperative mucosal inflammation. Furthermore, the smooth surface of the depressor segment reduces the frictional resistance between the tongue and the instrument, preventing pressure failure due to tongue rebound or sliding during the procedure, and reducing the need for assistants to frequently adjust the depressor.

[0013] With the tongue depressor holding the tongue in place, it pushes the tongue towards the side of the mouth away from the surgical area. By pressing the tongue towards the non-surgical area (e.g., pressing it towards the left side during right mandibular surgery), the soft tissue at the base of the tongue can be effectively pushed aside, reducing the tongue's obstruction of the surgical area and providing the doctor with a clearer field of vision and more operating space.

[0014] The support segment and the limiting channel are slidably connected, allowing the tongue depressor segment to change the degree of lateral pressure on the tongue as the support segment slides. The size, thickness, and range of motion of the tongue vary from person to person; for example, children and adults, healthy patients and postoperative patients have different tongue sizes and thicknesses, and their range of motion also differs. Fixed tongue depressors cannot meet the pressure needs of different patients. The sliding connection structure of this invention allows for dynamic changes in the contact point and pressure depth between the tongue depressor segment and the tongue by adjusting the position of the support segment. During surgery, the tongue may shift due to secretion irritation, postoperative swelling, or changes in patient position. The sliding support segment can adjust the position of the tongue depressor segment in real time, maintaining continuous pressure on the tongue and avoiding interruption of surgical field exposure. Therefore, this invention, through its slidable support segment, allows for quantifiable adjustment of the pressure intensity, preventing tongue ischemia or mucosal damage due to excessive pressure.

[0015] As shown above, the present invention, through the combination of the curved surface structure of the tongue pressing segment and the sliding support segment, can evenly distribute the pressure force and avoid local pressure peaks caused by sharp edges or hard surfaces.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the limiting structure of the support segment is composed of grooves or points distributed on the surface of the support segment to form a limiting area. The limiting area is distributed along the surface of the support segment, forming a continuous or segmented guide track. This design allows the tongue depressor to move precisely in a linear or angular direction through the geometric constraints of the grooves as the support segment slides, ensuring quantifiable adjustment of the pressure level. Multiple predetermined positions can be locked through the engagement points at different locations within the grooves, adapting to the pressure levels required for different surgical scenarios. Simultaneously, the continuity of the grooves allows for fine-tuning, such as adjusting the pressure depth in real time during surgery based on tongue displacement, avoiding adjustment lag caused by insufficient fixing points.

[0017] The limiting area faces the direction where the locking button is located. When the locking button is pressed, it passes through the locking groove and engages with the limiting structure to lock the depressor in a predetermined position. When the locking button is pressed, its end passes through the locking groove and forms a mechanical interlock with the limiting structure (groove wall or point). The physical obstruction of the button prevents unlocking due to accidental collisions during surgery, improving safety. The design of the limiting area facing the locking button also reduces the operating force. Preferably, the button pressing direction is perpendicular to the contact surface of the limiting structure, which ensures efficient force transmission during engagement.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the support segment has an arc-shaped section near the tongue depressor, and the curvature of the arc-shaped section is similar to the curvature direction and curvature of the front segment of the opening. This structural design makes it easier for the tongue depressor and the front segment of the opening to enter the oral cavity together, and for the tongue depressor to get closer to the tongue. After the procedure, the tongue depressor and the opening can be adaptively stacked together without requiring additional space for storage.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the tongue depressor is a curved structure with its surface bent towards the handle at the opening. This design allows the curved structure to guide the pressure force along the long axis of the tongue, avoiding reverse resistance caused by angular deviations.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the tongue depressor is spoon-shaped. The concave surface of the spoon-shaped structure faces the direction of the handle at the opening, and the convex surface faces the direction of the oral cavity. The outline of the spoon-shaped structure has no sharp features, which can prevent the edges of the tongue depressor from damaging the tongue.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the opening consists of two intersecting handles, and the surface at the intersection of the two handles is provided with a limiting channel pointing towards the oral cavity. The limiting channel pointing towards the oral cavity facilitates the movement of the tongue depressor along the long axis of the tongue, avoiding ineffective pressure from the tongue depressor fixing the tongue in place.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the limiting channel is connected by a pivot shaft located at the junction of the two handles. This pivot shaft, as a core structural component, allows the handles to open and close freely around the axis, while its precise axial design ensures that the limiting channel always faces the oral cavity during operation. This design, through rigid connection and geometric constraint, effectively avoids the limiting channel misalignment problem that may occur in traditional sliding or elastic connections, thus maintaining the stability of the pressure direction on the tongue when the doctor adjusts the opening and closing angle of the handles. Preferably, the pivot shaft can be made of high-hardness stainless steel or titanium alloy, further ensuring the durability and sterilization compatibility of the structure, meeting the long-term reliability requirements of medical devices.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, a locking button is provided on the side of the limiting channel that is not in contact with the pivot shaft. The locking button is mechanically engaged with a first locking element on the surface of the limiting channel via a rotatable shaft connection. Preferably, this shaft connection structure allows the locking button to reciprocate about a fixed axis as its rotation center, and its range of motion is defined by the geometric contour of the limiting channel.

[0024] Preferably, the locking button can be equipped with a pressing spring. The pressing spring is embedded in the shaft, with its two ends abutting against the surface of the limiting channel and the surface of the locking button, respectively, providing a restoring force through elastic deformation. When no external force is applied, the preload of the pressing spring keeps the locking button in an inclined state relative to the surface of the limiting channel. At this time, one end of the locking button is inserted into the locking groove of the limiting channel, and the opening and closing angle of the handle is fixed through mechanical engagement. When the doctor applies external force to press the locking button, the spring is compressed, the locking button rotates around the shaft and disengages from the locking groove, releasing the constraint on the opening and closing angle, allowing the handle to be freely adjusted to the target position; after the external force is released, the spring returns to its original deformation, driving the locking button to re-insert into the locking groove, completing the angle locking function. This design, through the synergistic effect of elastic preload and mechanical limiting, ensures stability in the locked state and achieves rapid unlocking and reset during operation, while meeting the basic requirements of medical devices for functional reliability and ease of operation.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the handle consists of a front section and a rear section. The front section is designed to be curved and inserted into the oral cavity to conform to the oral anatomy; the rear section serves as the gripping area, optimizing the angle of hand force application. A clamp locking element is provided between the rear sections of the two handles, which is mechanically linked by two legs: one leg is fixed to the adjacent handle, and the two legs form an engagement structure, constraining the relative movement of the handles through the sliding fit of the engagement surfaces. One leg is equipped with a knob, which adjusts the engagement depth of the leg by rotation, thereby changing the effective engagement length between the two legs. The rotation of the knob is converted into linear displacement through mechanical transmission, driving the two legs to separate or move closer, thereby adjusting the distance between the rear sections of the handles, ultimately achieving continuous adjustment of the opening size of the spreader. This design, through the mechanical lever principle and the self-locking characteristics of the engagement pair, ensures operational accuracy while also taking into account adjustment flexibility and structural stability.

[0026] This invention provides a multifunctional oral and maxillofacial surgical retractor from a second aspect, comprising an opening for maintaining oral cavity open to expose the surgical area and a tongue depressor for pressing the tongue to one side to expand the surgical field of view. The opening includes two intersecting handles, the surface of which at the intersection of the two handles is configured with a limiting channel pointing towards the oral cavity. The tongue depressor includes a depressor segment and a support segment. The depressor segment has a curved structure to press the tongue towards the side of the oral cavity away from the surgical area by fastening it to the tongue. The support segment is slidably connected to the limiting channel, allowing the depressor segment to change the degree of lateral pressure on the tongue under the sliding action of the support segment. The flexible silicone layer covering the surface of the tongue depressor achieves functional optimization through a gradient hardness design. The area adjacent to the end of the depressor segment uses a low-hardness silicone material with a lower elastic modulus than the high-hardness silicone in the area where the support segment connects to the handles. This distribution design is based on the principle of stress concentration control: the softness of the end area disperses the pressure force, reducing the local pressure on the tongue contact surface, thereby reducing the risk of mucosal damage; while the higher hardness of the support segment connection area maintains the lateral stability of the tongue depressor through material rigidity, preventing unexpected deformation during force application. Gradient hardness variations are achieved through material mixing ratios or layered injection molding processes, satisfying both the need to conform to the dynamic deformation of the tongue and the need to maintain structural strength, thus balancing the dual requirements of compression effect and tissue protection in clinical operations.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the curved structure of the tongue depressor incorporates a deformable shape-memory metal core. This material achieves dynamic deformation based on the shape memory effect and the principle of hyperelasticity. Several bending adjustment nodes are arranged along the axial direction of the tongue depressor core, adjusting the surface shape through reversible deformation driven by material phase change. Adjacent bending adjustment nodes are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the core, forming alternating stress concentration zones. This structural design optimizes the overall mechanical response through a stress redistribution mechanism: when external force is applied to the tongue depressor, the stress concentration zones preferentially undergo local deformation, while adjacent areas remain relatively rigid. This maintains overall stability while allowing the curved surface to undergo local adaptive deformation according to the anatomical characteristics of the tongue. This design combines material adaptability with structural mechanical control, meeting the personalized adaptation needs of different patients' oral conditions while avoiding the stress damage risk that may be caused by local pressure in traditional rigid structures.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the limiting channel locks the pressure tongue in a predetermined position by a locking button; the locking button is axially connected to a first locking member on the surface of the limiting channel, a pressing spring is provided on the shaft, and a locking groove is provided on the limiting channel. When the pressing spring limits the locking button to the locked state, one end of the locking button is inserted into the locking groove and applies force to the support section located in the limiting channel to restrict the movement of the support section.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, biocompatible fluorescent markers are disposed on both sides of the curved surface of the tongue depressor, providing visual guidance in low-light environments through the optical properties of the material itself. These biocompatible fluorescent markers are made of biocompatible certified fluorescent material, whose surface can be excited by fluorescence under specific wavelengths of light (such as cold light commonly used in operating rooms or natural light), forming a luminescent boundary distinguishable from surrounding structures. This design is based on the principle of visual enhancement in ergonomics, providing clear contour indications under low-light conditions to assist doctors in quickly locating the working boundary of the tongue depressor, avoiding pressure beyond the target area or accidental contact with sensitive structures. Simultaneously, the distribution of the biocompatible fluorescent markers corresponds to the mechanical transition zone of the curved surface edge, satisfying functional indication requirements while reducing the risk of mechanical stimulation to the tongue edge tissues through the synergistic design of edge geometry and material properties.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, a pressure-sensing diaphragm is provided at the end of the locking button that contacts the limiting structure; an LED indicator and a microcontroller are electrically connected to each other inside the locking button, and the pressure-sensing diaphragm is electrically connected to the LED indicator and the microcontroller through a circuit embedded in the body of the locking button to realize pressure visualization feedback.

[0031] The locking button integrates a pressure-sensing film at the end that contacts the limiting structure. This film, based on piezoresistive or capacitive sensing principles, converts physical pressure into an electrical signal. Embedded within the locking button are an LED indicator and a microcontroller electrically connected to the pressure-sensing film. These two components interact via a pre-defined circuit: when the locking button is subjected to external force, the pressure-sensing film outputs a voltage or current change corresponding to the pressure intensity. The microcontroller interprets this pressure state and provides intuitive visual feedback by controlling the LED's illumination or flashing mode (e.g., constantly lit for locked, off for unlocked). This design combines physical operation with electronic sensing through mechatronics integration, eliminating the need for doctors to rely on touch to determine the locking status, thus improving operational accuracy and safety. Furthermore, the low power consumption of the pressure-sensing film and LED meets the conventional requirements for miniaturization and energy efficiency in medical devices, and the overall structure complies with biocompatibility requirements, avoiding the introduction of potential irritants. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention at the first angle;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention from the second angle.

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the opening and the tongue depressor of the multifunctional oral and maxillofacial surgical retractor provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention at the first angle in use.

[0036] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention in use at a second angle.

[0037] Figure 6 is a partial schematic diagram of the locking button of the multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the limiting channel and the opening of the multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the multifunctional retractor and adapter for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the adapter of the multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the adapter provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 is a structural schematic diagram of an oral mouth opener disclosed in the prior art;

[0043] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another oral mouth opener disclosed in the prior art.

[0044] List of reference numerals: 100: Opening; 110: Handle; 111: Front section; 112: Tail section; 113: Elastic support; 114: Handle pivot; 115: Interdental pad; 120: Limiting channel; 130: Locking button; 131: Locking groove; 140: Pivot shaft; 150: Pliers handle locking element; 151: Support foot; 152: Knob; 200: Tongue depressor; 210: Tongue depressor section; 220: Support section; 221: Limiting structure; 300: Adapter; 310: Slide; 320: Sliding limiting hole; 330: First locking element; 340: Pressing spring; 350: Second locking element; 360: Slide fixing element; 370: Limiting pivot; 380: Mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Existing multi-functional forceps mouth openers, while featuring a multi-functional support on their surface, suffer from a large size that occupies space above the handle, hindering the placement of some medical devices. Furthermore, this support prevents adjustment and effective fixation of the tongue depressor in the direction of the mouth. Therefore, improving the structure of forceps mouth openers to allow for flexible positioning of devices such as the tongue depressor is a pressing technical challenge.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This invention provides a multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery, as shown in Figures 1 to 9. This multifunctional retractor combines the functions of a mouth opener and a tongue depressor, aiming to optimize the operating environment for oral surgery. As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the opening portion 100 is a clamp-type mouth opener, and the tongue depressor portion 200 is a spoon-type tongue depressor. The design of the opening portion 100 allows medical personnel to keep the patient's mouth open by opening the oral cavity, thereby clearly exposing the surgical area, which is crucial for performing delicate oral surgeries. The opening portion 100 consists of two interlocking handles 110; this design not only enhances structural stability but also facilitates operation by medical personnel.

[0049] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the surface at the junction of the two handles 110 is provided with a limiting channel 120 pointing towards the oral cavity. This design allows the tongue depressor 200 to be attached to the opening 100. The tongue depressor 200 is detachably connected to the opening 100 by being held within the limiting channel 120 by at least a portion of its structure. This connection method not only ensures the stable positioning of the tongue depressor 200 but also allows medical personnel to flexibly adjust the position of the tongue depressor 200 according to surgical needs.

[0050] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the limiting channel 120 is designed as an elongated channel with a locking button 130 on its exterior. The limiting channel 120 can be engaged at the junction of the two handles 110. The shape of the limiting channel 120 is not limited, but a rectangular channel structure is preferred. This helps to reduce the space occupied above the handles 110, allowing the tongue depressor 200 to move in the direction of the mouth, pressing against the tongue to limit its range of movement.

[0051] Preferably, the channel direction of the limiting channel 120 is set in the direction of pointing towards the oral cavity, so that the moving direction of the tongue depressor 200 is towards the oral cavity, which facilitates the tongue depressor segment 210 of the tongue depressor 200 to enter and exit the oral cavity.

[0052] Preferably, when the tongue depressor 200 moves along the limiting channel 120, the locking buttons 130 arranged on both sides of the limiting channel 120 can lock the tongue depressor 200 in a predetermined position. This technical feature greatly improves the operational precision and safety during the surgery, ensuring the stability and reliability of the tongue depressor 200 during the surgery. In this way, medical staff can more effectively control the surgical area, reduce surgical time and improve surgical efficiency, while reducing patient discomfort and potential surgical risks.

[0053] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the limiting channel 120 is connected to the pivot shaft 140 at the junction of the two handles 110. This design cleverly ensures that the direction of the limiting channel 120 remains stable during the opening and closing operation of the handles 110 and is not affected in any way.

[0054] Preferably, the limiting channel 120 is disposed on the surface of the pivot shaft 140 at the junction of the two handles 110, and is integrally connected to the pivot shaft 140, or detachably connected. When the limiting channel 120 is detachably connected, it can be connected to the pivot shaft 140 by snap-fit ​​or bolt connection. This connection method allows the opening 100 to be connected to the tongue depressor 200 regardless of whether the opening 100 is open or closed, without obstructing its use. This design greatly enhances the practicality and ease of operation of the device, enabling medical personnel to maintain a clear surgical field of vision during oral surgery regardless of the opening or closing state of the handles 110. Furthermore, the design of the pivot shaft 140 also considers the device's appearance and user comfort. The pivot shaft 140, with its head embedded in the surface of the handles 110, effectively reduces the height of the limiting channel 120 extending beyond the surface of the handles 110. This design not only makes the entire device look more compact and aesthetically pleasing, but also brings the tongue depressor 200 and the opening 100 closer together, improving their close proximity during use.

[0055] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the depressor 200 is detachably disposed within the limiting channel 120. Preferably, the opening of the limiting channel 120 can also be configured as an approximately "V"-shaped opening to reduce resistance when the depressor 200 enters the limiting channel 120. Preferably, the limiting channel 120 can also be provided with a slide rail or groove that adapts the limiting channel 120 and the depressor 200 to each other, making it easier for the depressor 200 to move within the limiting channel 120.

[0056] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the tongue depressor 200 includes a tongue depressor segment 210 and a support segment 220. These two parts work together to achieve effective control of the tongue. The support segment 220 has an arc segment near the tongue depressor segment 210, and the curvature of the arc segment corresponds to the curvature of the front segment 111 of the opening 100. For example, the curvature of the arc segment is approximately the same as the curvature of the front segment 111 of the opening 100, and the curvature is similar. This design allows the tongue depressor segment 210 to enter the oral cavity with a larger surface area and press against the tongue. Simultaneously, the larger surface area in contact with the tongue ensures that the tongue is effectively held in place without injury due to a small contact area or sharp edges.

[0057] As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the tongue depressor 210 has a curved surface structure. Preferably, the tongue depressor 210 is a curved surface structure that curves towards the direction of the handle 110. Preferably, the tongue depressor 210 adopts a spoon-shaped structure, with the concave surface of the spoon-shaped structure facing towards the direction of the handle 110 and the convex surface facing towards the direction of the oral cavity. This design allows the tongue depressor 210 to press the tongue towards the side of the oral cavity away from the surgical area by pressing it against the tongue. The spoon-shaped structure is particularly compatible with the shape of the tongue, providing not only sufficient contact area to ensure the stability and comfort of tongue depressing, but also allowing medical staff to adjust the pressure and position of the tongue depressor according to the needs of the surgery.

[0058] The support section 220 is slidably connected to the limiting channel 120. This design allows the tongue depressor section 210 to change the degree of lateral pressure on the tongue under the sliding action of the support section 220. This sliding connection mechanism provides great flexibility and adjustability, allowing medical personnel to precisely control the pressure and range of the tongue depressor section 210 by adjusting the position of the support section 220 according to the actual surgical situation. This design not only enhances the precision of surgical operations but also improves surgical efficiency, reduces surgical time, and reduces patient discomfort. Through this structural design, the tongue depressor 200 of this invention can effectively assist medical personnel in controlling the position of the tongue during oral surgery, ensuring clear exposure of the surgical area, thereby improving the safety and success rate of the surgery. At the same time, this design also considers patient comfort, reducing potential discomfort or pressure on the patient during surgery through adjustable tongue depressor force.

[0059] As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a limiting structure 221 is provided on the support section 220. The limiting structure 221 is composed of grooves or points and is distributed on the surface of the support section 220 to form a limiting area. When the support section 220 of the pressure tongue 200 enters the limiting channel 120 and moves, the limiting area faces away from the opening 100, that is, the limiting area faces the direction where the locking button 130 is provided.

[0060] A locking button 130 is provided on the side of the limiting channel 120 that is not in contact with the pivot shaft 140. As shown in Figure 6, the locking button 130 is rotatably connected to the first locking member 330 on the surface of the limiting channel 120. Preferably, a pressing spring 340 is provided on the shaft. The two ends of the pressing spring 340 abut against the surface of the limiting channel 120 and the surface of the locking button 130, respectively, so that the locking button 130 is inclined relative to the surface of the limiting channel 120, and one end of the locking button 130 is inserted into the locking groove 131 of the limiting channel 120. Preferably, the end of the locking button 130 that is inserted into the locking groove 131 is bent in the direction of the locking groove 131 and is arc-shaped, so that the locking button 130 locks the limiting structure 221 after being inserted into the locking groove 131, thereby limiting the support section 220. Preferably, the pressing end of the locking button 130 that is not inserted into the locking groove 131 can be designed as a large-area circle, square, or other geometric shape to reduce the difficulty of pressing.

[0061] When the pressing end of the locking button 130 is pressed, one end of the locking button 130 rises and does not contact the limiting structure 221 in the limiting area of ​​the support section 220. The force applied to the support section 220 is reduced or even disappears, allowing the support section 220 to move flexibly and adjust the pressure of the tongue section 210 against the tongue. When the pressing end of the locking button 130 is released, one end of the locking button 130 applies force to the limiting area of ​​the support section 220 under the elastic action of the pressing spring 340, and its end engages with the limiting structure 221 in the limiting area, thereby restricting the position of the support section 220 within the limiting channel 120 and fixing the position of the tongue section 210.

[0062] The design of the locking button 130 increases the convenience and flexibility of the tongue depressor operation. The pressing spring 340 provides the necessary elastic feedback when the locking button 130 is pressed, ensuring that the locking button 130 can be stably held in the locked or unlocked state, thereby improving the reliability of the device and the accuracy of operation.

[0063] Preferably, the limiting structure 221 of the limiting channel 120 can be designed as a serrated structure. This design enhances the connection stability between the handle 110 and the limiting channel 120. When the locking button 130 of the limiting channel 120 is pressed, the locking button 130 can engage with the limiting channel 120 through the serrated structure, thereby precisely limiting the position of the tongue depressor 210, ensuring that the tongue depressor 210 will not move or loosen accidentally during the operation, thus improving the safety and success rate of the operation.

[0064] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the handle 110 includes a curved front section 111 that is inserted into the oral cavity and a tail section 112 for hand gripping. The curved design of the front section 111 allows the handle 110 to better adapt to the shape of the oral cavity, ensuring that the opening 100 can be stably and comfortably fixed in position when inserted into the oral cavity, thereby providing a stable operating platform for surgery. A clamp locking member 150 for adjusting the opening degree of the handle 110 is disposed in the area between the tail sections 112 of the two handles 110. This design allows medical personnel to flexibly adjust the opening degree of the handle 110 according to surgical needs, thereby adapting to different sizes of oral cavities and surgical requirements. The thickness of the clamp locking member 150 does not exceed the thickness of the handle 110. This design takes into account the compactness and functionality of the overall structure, ensuring that the arrangement of the clamp locking member 150 does not interfere with the function of the limiting channel 120, thus guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the device.

[0065] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the clamp handle locking member 150 is equipped with two legs 151, a design that enhances the stability and adjustability of the handle 110. Each leg 151 is connected to its adjacent handle 110, ensuring the stability and reliability of the handle 110 during operation. The two legs 151 engage with each other, a design that not only enhances structural stability but also allows for easy adjustment of the opening degree of the handle 110. One of the legs 151 is equipped with a knob 152 for adjusting the length of the engaging portion. The knob 152 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 100 by changing the distance between the two handles 110, allowing medical personnel to flexibly adjust the size of the opening 100 according to surgical needs, adapting to different sizes of oral cavity and surgical requirements. This adjustment mechanism not only improves the precision of the surgery but also enhances the adaptability and versatility of the equipment.

[0066] Preferably, the foot 151 is disposed on the inner side of the handle 110 via the handle pivot 114. This design allows the angle between the foot 151 and the handle 110 to be adaptively adjusted based on the opening and closing degree of the handle 110, eliminating the resistance of the foot 151 to the closing of the handle 110.

[0067] Preferably, an interdental pad 115 is provided at the tip of the front section 111 of the handle 110. This design takes into account both patient comfort and surgical precision. Preferably, the interdental pad 115 can be made of a soft medical material such as medical silicone. The interdental pad 115 includes raised structures oriented in different directions to protect oral tissues and prevent surgical instruments from damaging the oral soft tissues. The interdental pad 115 can effectively distribute the pressure of the handle 110 on the teeth, reduce damage to the patient's oral tissues, and ensure the stable positioning of the handle 110 in the oral cavity, providing a clear operating field for oral surgery.

[0068] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the inner side of the handle 110 is further provided with an elastic support member 113. The elastic support member 113 is made of elastic material. The elastic support members 113 of the two handles 110 are cross-connected, applying an elastic force to each of the two handles 110. When the tail sections 112 of the two handles 110 separate, the two handles 110 can be quickly separated under the elastic force of the elastic support member 113, thereby facilitating the operator to quickly open the front section 111 of the handle 110.

[0069] This application also proposes an mouth opener kit capable of mounting dental treatment instruments, including an opening 100, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the surface of which is provided with an adapter 300 for the passage of dental treatment instruments. The adapter 300 is used to detachably fix dental treatment instruments, individually or simultaneously. Preferably, the dental treatment instruments include saliva suction tubes, tongue depressors, oral mirrors, etc. Preferably, the adapter 300 on the surface of the opening 100 has a slide 310 and a plurality of sliding limiting holes 320 thereon. The slide 310 is fixed to the limiting channel 120 by a slide fixing member 360. The slide fixing member 360 is, for example, a snap-fit.

[0070] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, each sliding limiting hole 320 is equipped with a second locking member 350 to lock it onto the slide table 310, so that the sliding limiting hole 320 can be fixed in a predetermined position when sliding on the slide table 310. Preferably, the sliding limiting hole 320 and the second locking member 350 are arranged on the same sliding block. The second locking member 350 is provided with a pressable spring and a limiting component. Its locking principle is the same as that of the locking button 130, except that the spring and the limiting component are not visible inside. Therefore, the specific structure of the second locking member 350 is not shown in the figures.

[0071] When the second locking member 350 is pressed down and separated from the limiting component, the sliding limiting hole 320 can move freely on the slide table 310 when the second locking member 350 is in the unlocked state. When the pressing stops, the second locking member 350 is reset by the action of the spring and is in the locked state against the limiting component, and the sliding limiting hole 320 is restricted to a predetermined position on the slide table 310.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0074] As shown in Figure 10, a limiting pivot 370 is provided at the bottom of the sliding limiting hole 320. The limiting pivot 370 is cylindrical and integrally connected to the sliding limiting hole 320, located at its bottom. A mounting hole 380 is provided in the area of ​​the slide table 310 near the second locking member 350, the size of which matches the limiting pivot 370. The mounting hole 380 is used to insert the limiting pivot 370, allowing the sliding limiting hole 320 to rotate circumferentially. Preferably, the rotation plane of the limiting pivot 370 on the slide table 310 is parallel to the plane of the slide table 310; parallelism is even better.

[0075] More preferably, the limiting shaft 370 is provided with an elastic limiting pin (such as a spring pin or a spring-loaded buckle) inside or outside. The mounting hole 380 has several limiting holes (not shown in Figure 10) at the contact point between its wall and the limiting shaft 370. These limiting holes are evenly spaced along the wall, for example, in a ring-shaped arrangement. When the limiting shaft 370 rotates to a specified angle, the limiting pin automatically pops out and engages with the limiting hole under elastic force, achieving locking. To unlock, the spring can be compressed by manually pressing the limiting pin (or toggling a button), causing the limiting pin to disengage from the limiting hole and restoring rotational freedom. Preferably, the mounting hole 380 protrudes from the bottom of the slide 310 to increase the contact area between the limiting shaft 370 and the mounting hole 380, and to facilitate manual operation of the limiting pin by medical personnel.

[0076] This design allows dental instruments, which are positioned within the sliding limiting hole 320, to move linearly along the slide 310 and rotate circumferentially. Medical staff can adjust the angle as needed during the procedure and lock the instrument in place after it has been rotated to the designated position to prevent wobbling.

[0077] More preferably, a friction pad (such as a rubber pad or a high-friction coefficient coating) is added to the contact surface between the limiting shaft 370 and the mounting hole 380, and a preload is applied by a screw or spring. When the limiting shaft 370 rotates to a specified angle, the friction can prevent it from rotating further; if the angle needs to be adjusted, the preload can be loosened (e.g., by rotating the adjusting screw) to reduce frictional resistance. This structure is simpler.

[0078] Preferably, the surface of the tongue depressor 200 is covered with a flexible silicone layer. The hardness gradient distribution of the flexible silicone layer is such that the hardness of the region adjacent to the end of the tongue depressor 210 is lower than the hardness of the region connecting the support section 220, so as to reduce the local pressure on the tongue tissue while maintaining lateral pressure stability.

[0079] The hardness gradient distribution of the three-dimensional flexible silicone layer on the surface of the tongue depressor 200 is achieved through the synergistic optimization of material mechanical properties and tissue protection requirements: the low-hardness silicone region at the end uses a super-elastic silicone material, whose high deformation capacity can actively conform to the curvature of the tongue surface, converting concentrated loads into dispersed contact stresses, thereby significantly reducing the risk of tissue damage; while the high-hardness silicone region of the support section 220 maintains the stability of the force transmission path by increasing structural stiffness, avoiding force direction deviation caused by excessive elasticity. This gradient hardness distribution creates a coupling effect of functional zones—the flexible section at the end achieves pressure buffering by increasing the contact area, while the rigid base of the connection area of ​​the support section 220 constrains the range of elastic deformation. This structural design ensures that the tongue depressor 200 can effectively protect the tongue tissue and stably transmit lateral pressure during dynamic adjustment. This gradient hardness design effectively solves the problems of localized pressure damage caused by excessive hardness in traditional tongue depressors, and the problem of inaccurate force direction caused by excessively low hardness.

[0080] More preferably, the curved structure of the tongue depressor 210 includes a deformable shape memory metal core and a medical silicone layer covering its surface. Preferably, the shape memory metal core can be made of a NiTi-based superelastic shape memory alloy.

[0081] Preferably, the shape memory metal core includes multiple bending adjustment nodes distributed axially along the tongue depressor segment 210. Preferably, a set of bending adjustment nodes is arranged at 10mm intervals along the length of the tongue depressor segment 210. The bending adjustment nodes employ a V-shaped recessed structure formed by laser cutting. Adjacent bending adjustment nodes are symmetrically distributed on two surfaces of the shape memory metal core, forming alternating stress concentration areas. Preferably, when medical personnel use the tongue depressor segment 210 to perform tongue depressing operations, the applied external force will preferentially induce directional bending at these pre-set V-shaped notches (like fold lines), producing a segmented deformation effect similar to the opening and closing of a folding fan. The 60° V-angle can precisely control the bending amplitude of each segment to not exceed 15°, preventing excessive bending and avoiding excessive pressure on the patient's tongue that could cause injury.

[0082] Preferably, each bending adjustment node also functions as a pressure buffer unit. When the tongue depressor 210 contacts the tongue surface, the bending adjustment node at the protruding part deforms preferentially, dispersing the pressure originally concentrated at a single point to 3-4 adjacent nodes, thus expanding the pressure distribution range to three times the original range. Simultaneously, the bending of the preceding bending adjustment node automatically reduces the load on subsequent bending adjustment nodes, forming a dynamic pressure gradient. This structural design allows the tongue depressor 210 to adapt to different tongue shapes in patients, reducing the risk of tissue damage caused by uneven local pressure distribution.

[0083] Specifically, the axial pressure on the tongue depressor 210 causes the node group to be activated sequentially: the first node bends by about 50% and the deformation is transmitted to the second node, like a domino effect of gradual adjustment, which eventually makes the silicone layer form a three-dimensional curved surface that fits the tongue, achieving a fitting effect similar to a "molding", while maintaining sufficient rigidity to maintain the surgical field of vision.

[0084] Preferably, a pressure-sensitive film is provided at the end of the locking button 130 that contacts the limiting structure 221. The pressure-sensitive film is, for example, a film formed of graphene or carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composite material.

[0085] The locking button 130 contains an LED indicator and a microcontroller that are electrically connected to each other. The pressure-sensing diaphragm is electrically connected to the LED indicator and microcontroller via wiring embedded within the locking button 130 body, enabling visual pressure feedback. Preferably, the microcontroller includes a micro-power supply. The microcontroller converts the pressure signal from the pressure-sensing diaphragm into a pressure value and compares it with a preset threshold. When the contact pressure between the limiting structure 221 of the tongue depressor 200 and the end of the locking button 130 exceeds the preset threshold, the microcontroller determines that the pressure is excessive and triggers the LED indicator to illuminate, providing a light warning. This allows for real-time monitoring of the tongue's pressure status, preventing tissue ischemia caused by excessive pressure. Preferably, the preset threshold is 4.3 kPa.

[0086] Preferably, the serrated surface of the limiting structure 221 is provided with an inclination angle. The inclination angle is set to 15-25°, and a damping rubber strip is embedded at the bottom of the tooth valley. The inclination angle and the damping rubber strip cooperate to enable the pressure tongue 200 to achieve stepless positioning within the range of 5N-20N external force. This significantly improves the displacement adjustment accuracy and avoids the step-by-step displacement defects of traditional tooth groove structures.

[0087] The serrated tooth surface of the limiting structure 221 has an inclination angle of 15-25°, which significantly increases the component of the external force along the tangential direction of the tooth surface, thereby reducing the critical vertical stress required to disengage from the current tooth position. The damping rubber strip embedded in the tooth valley undergoes elastic deformation under pressure, forming a continuously variable damping effect through the viscoelastic frictional resistance generated with the contact components. When an external force is applied, the coupling effect between the inclined tooth surface and the elastic damping material makes the sliding process exhibit quasi-static frictional self-balancing characteristics—the tangential force required to move along the tooth surface and the resistance provided by the damping material form a dynamic balance on the sliding path, allowing the pressure tongue 200 to remain stably in any position. This mechanism, by transforming the discrete locking mode of the traditional tooth groove structure into continuous friction control, eliminates the step-by-step movement phenomenon caused by the fixed tooth pitch, thereby achieving stepless precise positioning within the force range of 5N-20N.

[0088] Preferably, biocompatible fluorescent marking strips are provided on both sides of the curved surface of the tongue depressor 210. The biocompatible fluorescent marking strips contain a phosphorescent material that can be excited by ultraviolet light. In low-light conditions, they form a 0.5-1 cm wide indication mark of the operating boundary. The presence of these biocompatible fluorescent marking strips improves the identification of instrument positions in the deep oral cavity surgical field and reduces the risk of misoperation.

Claims

1. A multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery, comprising an opening (100) for maintaining oral cavity open to expose the surgical area and a tongue depressor (200) for depressing the tongue to one side to expand the field of vision of the surgical area, characterized in that, The tongue depressor (200) is detachably connected to the opening (100) such that at least a portion of its structure is held within the limiting channel (120). The tongue depressor (200) includes a tongue depressor section (210) and a support section (220). The tongue depressor (210) has a curved structure, which allows the tongue to be pressed towards the side of the oral cavity away from the surgical area by means of pressing it against the tongue. The support section (220) is slidably connected to the limiting channel (120), so that the tongue depressor section (210) can change the degree of lateral pressure of the tongue under the sliding action of the support section (220).

2. The expander according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting structure (221) of the support segment (220) is composed of grooves or points, distributed on the surface of the support segment (220) and forming a limiting area, the limiting area facing the direction where the locking button (130) is provided. When the locking button (130) is pressed, the locking button (130) passes through the locking groove (131) and engages with the limiting structure (221) to lock the tongue part (200) in a predetermined position.

3. The expander according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The support section (220) has an arc segment near the tongue depressor section (210), and the bending direction of the arc segment is similar to the bending direction and curvature of the front section (111) of the opening (100).

4. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The tongue depressor (210) is a curved surface structure that bends toward the handle (110) of the opening (100).

5. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The tongue depressor (210) has a spoon-shaped structure, with the concave surface of the spoon-shaped structure facing the direction of the handle (110) of the opening (100) and the convex surface of the spoon-shaped structure facing the direction of the oral cavity.

6. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The opening (100) consists of two intersecting handles (110), and the surface at the intersection of the two handles (110) is provided with a limiting channel (120) pointing towards the oral cavity.

7. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The limiting channel (120) is connected to the pivot (140) at the junction of the two handles (110), so that the orientation of the limiting channel (120) remains stable during the opening and closing operation of the handles (110).

8. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, A locking button (130) is provided on the side of the limiting channel (120) that is not in contact with the pivot shaft (140). The locking button (130) and the first locking member (330) on the surface of the limiting channel (120) are rotatably connected by a shaft; A pressing spring (340) is provided on the shaft; The two ends of the pressing spring (340) abut against the surface of the limiting channel (120) and the surface of the locking button (130) respectively, so that the locking button (130) is tilted relative to the surface of the limiting channel (120), and one end of the locking button (130) is inserted into the locking groove (131) of the limiting channel (120).

9. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The handle (110) includes a front section (111) that is curved and inserted into the mouth and a tail section (112) for hand gripping. The area between the tail sections (112) of the two handles (110) is provided with a plier locking member (150) for adjusting the opening degree of the handles (110). The clamp handle locking member (150) is equipped with two legs (151), each of which is connected to its adjacent handle (110). The two legs (151) engage with each other, and one of the legs (151) is equipped with a knob (152) for adjusting the length of the engaging part. The knob (152) adjusts the opening degree of the spreader by changing the distance between the two handles (110).

10. A multifunctional retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery, comprising an opening (100) for maintaining oral cavity open to expose the surgical area and a tongue depressor (200) for depressing the tongue to one side to expand the field of vision of the surgical area, characterized in that, The opening (100) includes two intersecting handles (110), and the surface at the intersection of the two handles (110) is provided with a limiting channel (120) pointing towards the oral cavity. The tongue depressor (200) includes a tongue depressor section (210) and a support section (220). The tongue depressor (210) has a curved structure, which allows the tongue to be pressed towards the side of the oral cavity away from the surgical area by means of pressing it against the tongue. The support section (220) is slidably connected to the limiting channel (120), so that the tongue pressing section (210) can change the degree of lateral pressure of the tongue under the sliding action of the support section (220); The surface of the tongue depressor (200) is covered with a flexible silicone layer. The hardness gradient distribution of the flexible silicone layer is such that the hardness of the region adjacent to the end of the tongue depressor (210) is lower than the hardness of the connecting region of the support section (220), so as to reduce the local pressure on the tongue tissue while maintaining lateral pressure stability.

11. The expander according to claim 10, characterized in that, The curved structure of the tongue depressor segment (210) includes a deformable shape memory metal core. The memory metal inner core includes a plurality of bending adjustment nodes distributed along the axial direction of the tongue segment (210); Adjacent bending adjustment nodes are symmetrically distributed on the two surfaces of the shape memory metal core, forming alternating stress concentration zones.

12. The expander according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The limiting channel (120) locks the tongue depressor (200) in a predetermined position by the locking button (130); The locking button (130) is axially connected to the first locking member (330) on the surface of the limiting channel (120), and a pressing spring (340) is provided on the shaft. The limiting channel (120) is provided with a locking groove (131). When the pressing spring (340) limits the locking button (130) to the locked state, one end of the pressing spring (340) is inserted into the locking groove (131) and applies force to the support segment (220) located in the limiting channel (120) to restrict the movement of the support segment (220).

13. The expander according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that, A limit structure (221) is provided on the support section (220). The serrated surface of the limiting structure (221) is provided with an inclination angle, and a damping rubber strip is embedded at the bottom of the tooth valley; When one end of the locking button (130) is inserted into the locking slot (131), the locking button (130) and the limiting structure (221) engage with each other to form stepless positioning, thereby restricting the movement of the support segment (220).

14. The expander according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that, The curved edges of the tongue depressor (210) are provided with biocompatible fluorescent markers, which form operation boundary indication marks in dark environments.

15. The expander according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that, A pressure-sensitive diaphragm is provided at the end of the locking button (130) that contacts the limiting structure (221); The locking button (130) contains an LED indicator and a microcontroller that are electrically connected to each other. The pressure-sensing diaphragm is electrically connected to the LED indicator and the microcontroller via a circuit embedded in the body of the locking button (130) to achieve visual pressure feedback.

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