Layer 1 measurement evaluation with inter-cell beam connection

Abstract

A method is provided that includes operating with a configuration including indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state(s), which includes an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell. The method includes receiving a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting. The method includes determining a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state and TCI state(s) associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission. And the method includes determining that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality, and sending a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

Description

LAYER 1 MEASUREMENT EVALUATION WITH INTER-CELL BEAM CONNECTIONTECHNOLOGICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to telecommunications and, in particular, to layer 1 measurement reporting in a telecommunications system.BACKGROUND

[0002] A telecommunications system can be seen as a facility that enables communication sessions between two or more entities such as user terminals, base stations and / or other nodes by providing carriers between the various entities involved in the communications path. A telecommunications system can be provided for example by means of a communication network and one or more compatible communication devices. The communication sessions may comprise, for example, communication of data for carrying communications such as voice, video, electronic mail (email), text message, multimedia and / or content data and so on. Non-limiting examples of services provided comprise two-way or multi-way calls, data communication or multimedia services and access to a data network system, such as the Internet.

[0003] In a wireless telecommunications system, at least a part of a communication session between at least two stations occurs over a wireless link. Examples of wireless telecommunications systems comprise public land mobile networks (PLMN), satellite based communication systems and different wireless local networks, for example wireless local area networks (WLAN). Some wireless systems can be divided into cells, and are therefore often referred to as cellular systems.

[0004] A user can access the telecommunications system by means of an appropriate communication device or terminal. A communication device of a user may be referred to as user equipment (UE) or user device. A communication device is provided with an appropriate signal receiving and transmitting apparatus for enabling communications, for example enabling access to a communication network or communications directly with other users. The communication device may access a carrier provided by a station, for example a base station of a cell, and transmit and / or receive communications on the carrier.

[0005] The telecommunications system and associated devices typically operate in accordance with a given standard or specification which sets out what the various entities associated with the communication system are permitted to do and how operations should be achieved. Communication protocols and / or parameters which shall be used for connection of the various entities are also typically defined. One example of a telecommunications system is the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Other examples of telecommunications systems are Long-Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced and the so- called 5G or New Radio (NR) networks. NR is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP).BRIEF SUMMARY

[0006] Example implementations of the present disclosure are directed to telecommunications and, in particular, to layer 1 measurement reporting in a telecommunications system. The present disclosure includes, without limitation, the following example implementations.

[0007] Some example implementations provide an apparatus comprising: at least one memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processing circuitry configured to access the at least one memory, and execute the instructions to cause the apparatus to at least: operate with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; receive a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; determine a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; determine that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and send a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0008] Some example implementations provide an apparatus comprising: means for operating with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configurationindicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; means for receiving a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; means for determining a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; means for determining that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and means for sending a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0009] Some example implementations provide a method comprising: operating with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; receiving a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; determining a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; determining that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and sending a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0010] Some example implementations provide a computer-readable storage medium that is non-transitory and has instructions stored therein that, in response to execution by at least one processing circuitry, causes an apparatus to at least: operate with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; receive a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; determine a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RSresources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; determine that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and send a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0011] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description together with the accompanying figures, which are briefly described below. The present disclosure includes any combination of two, three, four or more features or elements set forth in this disclosure, regardless of whether such features or elements are expressly combined or otherwise recited in a specific example implementation described herein. The present disclosure is intended to be read holistically such that any separable features or elements of the disclosure, in any of its aspects and example implementations, should be viewed as combinable unless the context of the disclosure clearly dictates otherwise.

[0012] It will therefore be appreciated that this Brief Summary is provided merely for purposes of summarizing some example implementations so as to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the above described example implementations are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the disclosure in any way. Other example implementations, aspects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of some described example implementations.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE(S)

[0013] Having thus described example implementations of the disclosure in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates a telecommunications system that includes one or more public land mobile networks (PLMNs) coupled to one or more external data networks, according to some example implementations of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates a deployment of a PLMN, according to some example implementations;

[0016] FIGS. 3Aand 3B illustrate two scenarios for a user equipment in inter-cell beam management (ICBM) operation, according to some example implementations;

[0017] FIG. 4 is a signaling chart of a Ll / L2-triggered mobility, also known as lower- lay er triggered mobility (LTM) procedure for a user equipment in ICBM operation, according to some example implementations;

[0018] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating various steps in a method according to various example implementations; and

[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates an apparatus according to some example implementations.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Some implementations of the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying figures, in which some, but not all implementations of the disclosure are shown. Indeed, various implementations of the disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the implementations set forth herein; rather, these example implementations are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

[0021] Unless specified otherwise or clear from context, references to first, second or the like should not be construed to imply a particular order. A feature described as being above another feature (unless specified otherwise or clear from context) may instead be below, and vice versa; and similarly, features described as being to the left of another feature else may instead be to the right, and vice versa. Also, while reference may be made herein to quantitative measures, values, geometric relationships or the like, unless otherwise stated, any one or more if not all of these may be absolute or approximate to account for acceptable variations that may occur, such as those due to engineering tolerances or the like.

[0022] As used herein, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, the “or” of a set of operands is the “inclusive or” and thereby true if and only if one or more of the operands is true, as opposed to the “exclusive or” which is false when all of the operands are true. Thus, for example, “[A] or [B]” is true if [A] is true, or if [B] is true, or if both [A] and [B] are true.Further, the articles “a” and “an” mean “one or more,” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Furthermore, it should be understood that unless otherwise specified, the terms “data,” “content,” “digital content,” “information,” and similar terms may be at times used interchangeably. The term “network” may refer to a group of interconnected computers including clients and servers; and within a network, these computers may be interconnected directly or indirectly by various means including via one or more switches, routers, gateways, access points or the like.

[0023] Reference may be made herein to terms specific to a particular system, architecture or the like, but it should be understood that example implementations of the present disclosure may be equally applicable to any of a number of systems, architectures and the like. For example, reference may be made to 3 GPP technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced, 5GNR, 5G Advanced and 6G; however, it should be understood that example implementations of the present disclosure may be equally applicable to non-3GPP technologies such as IEEE 802, Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy.

[0024] Further, as used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry); (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions); or (c) hardware circuit(s) and / or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.

[0025] The above definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for amobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates a telecommunications system 100 according to various example implementations of the present disclosure. The telecommunications system generally includes one or more telecommunications networks. As shown, for example, the system includes one or more public land mobile networks (PLMNs) 102 coupled to one or more other external data networks 104 - notably including a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet. Each of the PLMNs includes a core network (CN) 106 backbone such as the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) of LTE, the 5G core network (5GC) or the like; and each of the core networks and the Internet are coupled to one or more radio access networks (RANs) 108, air interfaces or the like that implement one or more radio access technologies (RATs). As used herein, a “network device” refers to any suitable device at a network side of a telecommunications network. Examples of suitable network devices are described in greater detail below.

[0027] In addition, the system includes one or more radio units that may be varyingly known as user equipment (UE) 110, terminal device, terminal equipment, mobile station or the like. The UE is generally a device configured to communicate with a network device or a further UE in a telecommunications network. The UE may be a portable computer (e.g., laptop, notebook, tablet computer), mobile phone (e.g., cell phone, smartphone), wearable computer (e.g., smartwatch), or the like. In other examples, the UE may be an Internet of things (loT) device, an industrial loT (IIoT device), a vehicle equipped with a vehicle-to- everything (V2X) communication technology, or the like. In some examples, as referenced by 3GPP, the UE may be a narrowband loT (NB-IoT) device, an enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) device, a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an ambient loT device, or the like.

[0028] In operation, these UEs 110 may be configured to connect to one or more of the RANs 108 according to their particular radio access technologies to thereby access a particular CN 106 of a PLMN 102, or to access one or more of the external data networks 104 (e.g., the Internet). The external data network may be configured to provide Internet access, operator services, 3rd party services, etc. For example, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has classified 5G mobile network services into three categories: enhanced mobilebroadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC) or massive internet of things (MIoT).

[0029] Examples of radio access technologies include 3 GPP radio access technologies such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced, 5GNR, 5G Advanced, and 6G. Other examples of radio access technologies include IEEE 802 technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.15 (including 802.15.1 (WPAN / Bluetooth), 802.15.4 (Zigbee) and 802.15.6 (WBAN)), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ultra wideband (UWB), and the like. Generally, a radio access technology may refer to any 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or higher generation mobile communication technology and their different versions, as well as to any other wireless radio access technology that may be arranged to interwork with such a mobile communication technology to provide access to the CN 106 of a mobile network operator (MNO).

[0030] In various examples, a RAN 108 may be configured as one or more macrocells, microcells, picocells, femtocells or the like. The RAN may generally include one or more radio access nodes that are configured to interact with UEs 110. In various examples, a radio access node may be referred to as a base station (BS), access point (AP), base transceiver station (BTS), Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), macro BS, NB (MNB) or eNB (MeNB), home BS, NB (HNB) or eNB (HeNB), next generation NB (gNB), enhanced gNB (en-gNB), next generation eNB (ng-eNB), or the like. The RAN may include some type of network controlling / governing entity responsible for control of the radio access nodes. The network controlling / governing entity and radio access node may be separate or integrated into a single apparatus. The network controlling / governing entity may include processing circuity configured to carry out various management functions, etc. The processing circuity may be associated with a memory, computer-readable storage medium or database for maintaining information required in the management functions.

[0031] ARAN 108 may be centralized or distributed. In various examples, components of a RAN may be interconnected by Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), optical fiber, dark fiber, passive wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), WDM passive optical network (WDM-PON), optical transport network (OTN), time sensitive networking (TSN) and / or any other data link layer network, possibly including radio links. The RAN may be connected to a CN 106 through one or more gateways, network functions or the like.

[0032] As will be appreciated, a PLMN 102 may be deployed in a number of different manners. FIG. 2 illustrates a deployment 200 of a PLMN, such as a 4G LTE, 5G or 6G deployment, according to some example implementations. As shown, the deployment includes a CN 106, and RAN 108 with one or more radio access nodes 202 configured to interact with UEs 110. In a 4G LTE deployment, the EPC is the CN, and the evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) is the RAN; and the E-UTRAN includes one or more eNBs (radio access nodes) configured to connect UEs to the E-UTRAN to thereby access the EPC. Similarly, in a 5G deployment, the 5GC is the CN 106, and the next generation (NG) radio access network (NG-RAN) is the RAN 108; and the NG-RAN includes one or more gNBs (radio access nodes) configured to connect UEs 110 to the NG-RAN to thereby access the 5GC (at times referred to as the NGC). The term ‘gNB’ in 5G may correspond to the eNB in 4G LTE.

[0033] Some deployments of 4G LTE and 5G in particular are considered standalone (SA) deployments. Other deployments combine 4G LTE and 5 G technologies, and are referred to as non-standalone (NSA) deployments. In some deployments, the E-UTRAN includes one or more ng-eNBs that are configured to communicate with the 5GC, and that may also be configured to communicate with one or more gNBs. Similarly, in another deployment, the NG-RAN may include one or more en-gNBs that are configured to communicate with the EPC, and that may also be configured to communicate with one or more eNBs. In various instances, a single UE 110, a dual -mode or multimode UE, may support multiple (two or more) RANs — thereby being configured to connect to multiple RANs, such as 4G LTE and 5G.

[0034] In some deployments, such as deployment 200, operations of the radio access node 202 may be carried out, at least partly, in a central / centralized unit (CU), such as a server, host or node, operationally coupled to a distributed unit (DU), such as a radio head / node. It is also possible that node operations may be distributed among a plurality of servers, hosts or nodes.

[0035] It should also be understood that the distribution of work between CN 106 operations and radio access node 202 operations may vary depending on implementation. Thus, a 5G network architecture may be based on a so-called CU-DU split. One gNB-CU (central node) may control one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU may control a plurality of spatially separated gNB-DUs, acting at least as transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) nodes. In someexample implementations, however, the gNB-DUs (also called DU) may include, for example, a radio link control (RLC), medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical (PHY) layer, whereas the gNB-CU (also called a CU) may include the layers above the RLC layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC), and an internet protocol (IP) layer. Other functional splits are also possible. It is considered that a skilled person is familiar with the open systems interconnection (OSI) model and the functionalities within each layer.

[0036] In some example implementations, the server or CU may generate a virtual network through which the server communicates with the radio node. In general, virtual networking may involve a process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, software-based administrative entity, a virtual network. Such virtual network may provide flexible distribution of operations between the server and the radio head / node. In practice, any digital signal processing task may be performed in either the CU or the DU, and the boundary where the responsibility is shifted between the CU and the DU may be selected according to implementation.

[0037] In various instances, a UE 110 may be configured to operate using multiple antenna panels or beams, such as via multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology, which may allow the UE to dramatically increase its data rate capabilities. One feature related to this capability is referred to as multi-TRP (transmission-reception point). This feature enables the network to use multiple TRPs to communicate with a UE. In this regard, a TRP may be a set of geographically collocated antennas supporting transmission point (TP) and / or reception point (RP) functionality. In various examples, TRPs may include radio access nodes 202, radio access node antennas, remote radio heads (RRHs), radio units (RUs), a remote antenna of a radio access node, or the like.

[0038] In multi-TRP operation, a serving cell of a radio access node 202 may schedule the UE 110 from two TRPs, providing better coverage, reliability and / or data rates for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).

[0039] There are two different operation modes to schedule multi-TRP PDSCH transmissions based on downlink control information (DCI), namely, single-DCI and multi- DCI. For both modes, control of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) operation may beimplemented at the PHY and MAC layers, within a configuration provided by the RRC layer. In single-DCI mode, the UE 110 may be scheduled by the same DCI for both TRPs; and in multi-DCI mode, the UE may be scheduled by independent DCIs from each TRP

[0040] There are two different operation modes for multi-TRP PDCCH, namely, PDCCH repetition and single frequency network (SFN) based PDCCH transmission. In both modes, the UE 110 may receive two PDCCH transmissions, one from each TRP, carrying the same DCI. In PDCCH repetition mode, the UE may receive the two PDCCH transmissions carrying the same DCI from two linked search spaces each associated with a different control resource set (CORESET). In SFN based PDCCH transmission mode, the UE may receive the two PDCCH transmissions carrying the same DCI from a single search space / CORESET using different TCI states.

[0041] For multi-TRP PUSCH repetition, according to indications in a single DCI or in a semi-static configured grant provided over RRC, the UE 110 may perform PUSCH transmission of the same contents toward two TRPs with corresponding beam directions associated with different spatial relations. For multi-TRP PUCCH repetition, the UE may perform PUCCH transmission of the same contents toward two TRPs with corresponding beam directions associated with different spatial relations.

[0042] For inter-cell multi-TRP operation, for multi-DCI PDSCH transmission, one or more TCI states may be associated with synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from the serving cell PCI. The activated TCI states may be associated with at most one PCI different from the serving cell PCI at a time. As used herein, a SSB may be a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block.

[0043] For inter-cell and intra-cell multi-DCI multi-TRP operation, up to two timing advance groups (TAGs) with associated TAG IDs may be configured per serving cell. Each UL / joint TCI state may be associated with a TAG ID, and the UE 110 may apply the timing advance of the TAG ID associated with the UL / joint TCI state utilized for UL transmission.

[0044] For single-DCI multi-TRP simultaneous transmission with multi-panel (STxMP) spatial domain multiplexing (SDM) PUSCH transmission, different layers of one PUSCH may be separately transmitted towards two TRPs. For single-DCI multi-TRP STxMP SFN PUSCH transmission, the same layers of one PUSCH may be transmitted towards two TRPs. For multi-DCI based multi-TRP STxMP PUSCH+PUSCH transmission, two PUSCHs may betransmitted towards two TRPs. For single-DCI multi-TRP STxMP SFN PUCCH transmission, one PUCCH may be transmitted towards two TRPs.

[0045] Currently in 3 GPP, mainstream mobility has been conducted using higher layer (L3 or RRC controlled) mobility. In this regard, L3 handover based mobility is a well-known and proven method for ensuring a robust way of handing over the UE 110 from one serving cell (source cell) of a radio access node 202 to a new serving cell (target cell) of the same or another radio access node. The method has been used at least since GSM and is still in use in 5G NR. It is expected that L3 mobility (legacy handover) will also be commonly used in the future.

[0046] Ll / L2-triggered mobility, or lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) moves the execution of the ‘handover’ from one cell to another from higher layers (L3), such as RRC, to lower layers. These lower layers may be either PHY (or LI) or MAC (or L2). LTM may reduce latency, overhead and interruption time when compared to L3 handover based mobility. In a CU-DU split architecture, LTM may support one or more of intra-DU mobility, intra-CU inter-DU mobility, or inter-CU inter-DU mobility.

[0047] An LTM procedure may include LTM preparation in which one or more candidate cells may be prepared based on L3 measurements performed by the UE 110 on neighboring cells. During LTM preparation, the UE may receive configuration(s) of the candidate cell(s), and a configuration of LI measurement reporting for LTM execution. An early synchronization of the UE 110 with the candidate target cell(s) and then LTM execution may follow LTM preparation. During LTM execution, the UE may perform LI measurements on the configured candidate cell(s), and send LI measurement reports to the radio access node 202 providing the serving cell. The radio access node may decide to execute a cell switch, and initiate the cell switch to one of the candidate cell(s) as a target cell for the cell switch.

[0048] 3 GPP differentiates between cell level mobility and beam level mobility. Cell level mobility requires explicit signaling by way of RRC in order to make the UE 110 to switch to a new cell. Beam level mobility, on the other hand, does not require explicit RRC signaling. Beam level mobility can be within a cell, or between cells, the latter is referred to as inter-cell beam management (I CBM). For ICBM, a UE can receive or transmit UE dedicated channels / signals via a TRP associated with a PCI different from the PCI of a serving cell, while non-UE-dedicated channel s / signals can only be received via a TRP associated with aPCI of the serving cell. The PCI different from the serving cell PCI may be a PCI of a cell referred to at times as an ICBM cell.

[0049] The radio access node 202 provides the UE 110 (via RRC signaling) with a measurement configuration including configurations of SSB / channel state information (CSI) resources and resource sets, reports and trigger states for triggering channel and interference measurements and reports. In case of ICBM, a measurement configuration includes SSB resources associated with PCIs different from the PCI of a serving cell. Beam level mobility is then dealt with at lower layers by means of PHY and MAC layer control signaling, and RRC is not required to know which beam is being used at a given point in time.

[0050] A unified TCI state framework may be used for beam indication. Both joint TCI and separate downlink DL / UL TCI may be applied for ICBM. A UE-specific search space may be monitored on the ICBM cell. Common search space (CSS) sets, which may be used for system information, paging, random access channel (RACH) procedure, etc., with the potential exception of Type3 CCS sets, may be monitored on the serving cell. Other types of CCS sets include TypeO and TypeOA (used for system information), TypeOB (used for multicast), Typel (used for RACH procedure), Typel A (used for small data transmission), and Type2 and Type2A (used for paging related information). And in this regard, in ICBM, a UE 110 may not be required to monitor candidates for a Type0 / 0A / 0B / l / lA / 2 / 2A -PDCCH CSS set when the active TCI state for a corresponding CORESET is not associated with the PCI of the serving cell (physCellld in ServingCellConfigCommon).

[0051] In ICBM, to associate a DL reference signal (RS) resource with a PCI (of an ICBM cell) different from the PCI of the serving cell, an SSB may be associated with the PCI (or an identity (ID) mapped to the PCI). Other DL RS resources may be associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell through a quasi co-location (QCL) chain to SSB (with PCI). The DL QCL and UL spatial relation rules for the ICBM cell may be the same as for the serving cell / intra cell scenario.

[0052] A number of enhancements are under discussion, including enhancements to LTM with event- triggered LI measurement reporting, and MIMO enhancements with UE- initiated / event- driven beam management. In LTM, for example, agreement has been made on a number of LTM events based on beam specific quality of the serving cell and candidate cells as LI measurement events. These LTM events include LTM-2 (beam of serving cell becomesworse than absolute threshold), LTM-3 (beam of candidate cell becomes amount of offset better than beam of serving cell), LTM-4 (beam of candidate cell becomes better than absolute threshold), and LTM-5 (beam of serving cell becomes worse than a first absolute threshold and beam of candidate cell becomes better than another, second absolute threshold).

[0053] The above agreed LTM events are based on the beam specific quality of a serving cell and candidate cell to trigger a measurement event. Similarly in UE-initiated / event-driven beam management, agreements have been made to support events like Event-2 which implies quality of at least one new beam becomes a threshold value better than the current beam. The beam specific quality may be indicated in a number of different manners, such as reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), or the like. When the event is fulfilled, the UE 110 may be configured indicate the event to the radio access node 202, and typically report measurements to the radio access node on one or more reference signals (RSs) that fulfilled the event.

[0054] In LTM-3, which may be referred as relative threshold event, a beam of a serving cell can be referred as the reference resource. The reference resource may be a RS resource of a beam (the reference resource at times referred to as a reference beam, or as a reference resour ce / beam), Similarly, in Event-2, the current beam can be referred as the reference resource. In LTM-4, which may be referred as absolute threshold event, the beam of a candidate cell may be any of the candidate cell RSs that are configured for measurement.

[0055] In some scenarios in which a UE 110 is using a beam associated with a non-serving cell, an ambiguity may arise in the reference resource for a measurement reporting event. This may be applicable for both LTM and UE-initiated / event-driven beam management events. FIGS. 3Aand 3B illustrate two scenarios for a user equipment in ICBM operation. As shown, in ICBM operation, the UE may be indicated a beam associated with a serving cell 302A for non-UE-dedicated channels / signals, and the UE may be indicated another beam associated an ICBM cell 302B (having a PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell) for UE-dedicated channels / signals. Examples of non-UE-dedicated channels / signals may include a control channel associated with CORESET with index 0, a CORESET associated with CSS sets other than Type3-PDCCH CSS sets (i.e., PDCCH candidates for a Type0 / 0A / 0B / l / lA / 2 / 2A).

[0056] In the scenarios illustrated in FIGS. 3Aand 3B, there may be an ambiguity in the reference resource for a configured event (e.g., LTM 2 / 3 / 5 which require measurement of a serving cell 302A beam as the reference resource or Event-2 which require measurement of a current beam). In the context of LTM, the issue may be further complicated when the ICBM cell 302B is one of one or more prepared candidate cells 302C, as shown in the scenario in in FIG. 3A. The same issue may also apply to inter-cell multi-TRP operation in which the UE 110 may have indicated beams from both the serving cell and a cell with a PCI different from the serving cell PCI.

[0057] Example implementations of the present disclosure therefore provide a solution to the issue of reference resource determination for event-based LI measurement reporting. The solution of example implementations may apply to any event- based LI measurement reporting in which the quality of a reference resource (e.g., RS or beam) needs to be taken into account, such as one of more events for event- based LI measurement reporting for LTM, UE- initiated / event- driven beam management, or the like. In this regard, example implementations provide different options for a UE 110 in ICBM operation to use either or both the indicated TCI state from the PCI different from a serving cell 302A or TCI state(s) associated with the serving cell to determine the reference resource. The solution of some example implementations may also apply to inter-cell multi-TRP operation.

[0058] Some example implementations provide a UE 110 that may operate with a configuration including at least one indicated TCI state to be applied to at least one channel. The indicated TCI state(s) include an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell 302A. This is applicable to both ICBM and inter-cell mTRP scenarios. The UE may receive a reporting configuration for event- triggered LI measurement reporting. This may be for example for LTM or UE-initiated / event- driven beam management. The UE may determine a reference resource quality, which can be taken for evaluation as the quality of the serving cell for LTM, or the quality of the current beam for UE-initiated / event-driven beam management. The UE may determine that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality, and send a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0059] According to some example implementations, the UE 110 may determine a reference resource quality based on at least one RS resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI (of ICBM cell 302B) different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell. In other examples, the UE may determine the reference resource quality based on a RS resource associated with a RACH procedure or a UL transmission. In some examples, each of the respective RS resources may be associated with a TCI state is configured in QCL information of the TCI state, or a QCL source of at least one RS resource configured in QCL information of the TCI state. In some further examples, each of the respective RS resources is a SSB, a CSI-RS, or a tracking RS (TRS).

[0060] The UE 110 may determine a reference resource quality according to any of a number of different options. In one option, in some examples, the reference resource quality may be determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated the PCI (of ICBM cell 302B) different from the PCI of the serving cell 302A.

[0061] In another option, in some examples, the reference resource quality may be determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with one of the TCI state(s) associated with the PCI of the serving cell 302A that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS. In some of these examples, the one of the TCI state(s) associated with the PCI of the serving cell may be a TCI state that is applied for a CORESET with index 0. In other examples, the one of the TCI state(s) associated with the PCI of the serving cell may be a TCI state that is applied for a CORESET with a lowest index among at least one CORESET configured not to follow the indicted TCI state. In other examples, the one of the TCI state(s) associated with the PCI of the serving cell may be a TCI state that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS other than a Type3-PDCCH CSS. In yet other examples, the one of the TCI state(s) associated with the PCI of the serving cell may be a TCI state that is applied for a CORESET configured or indicated as a reference CORESET, or that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS monitored on the serving cell.

[0062] In a third option, in some examples, the reference resource quality may be determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources associated with multiple TCI states associated with the PCI of the serving cell 302A that are applied for a CORESETassociated with a CSS. In some of these examples, the reference resource quality may be determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0063] In a fourth option, in some examples, the indicated TCI state(s) includes the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI (of ICBM cell 302B) different from the PCI of the serving cell 302A, and at least one TCI state being applied or indicated or configured to receive at least one CORESET associated with the PCI of the serving cell. The reference resource quality may be determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources including one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and the indicated TCI state(s) or TCI state(s) being applied or configured to receive at least one CORESET associated with the PCI of the serving cell. In some of these examples, the reference resource quality may be determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0064] In a fifth option, in some examples, the reference resource quality may be determined based on the RS resource associated with a RACH procedure or UL transmission. In some of these examples, the RS resource is a S SB identified by the UE 110 during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a PDCCH order that triggers a contention-free random access procedure. In other examples, the RS resource is a S SB identified by the UE during an initial access procedure, or a S SB identified by UE for a most recent configured grant PUSCH transmission performed in a RRC inactive state.

[0065] In some examples, the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell 302A is associated with a non-serving cell (ICBM cell 302B), and the measurement report is sent in connection with a LTM procedure. In some of these examples, the reference resource quality may be determined based on whether the non-serving cell is configuerd as a LTM candidate cell 302C. In some more particular examples, the UE 110 may determine which of multiple ones of the above options to use to determine the reference resource quality based on on whether the non-serving cell is configuerd as a LTM candidate cell (compare the scenarios in FIGS. 3Aand 3B).

[0066] To further illustrate some example implementations of the present disclosure, FIG. 4 is a signaling chart 400 of a LTM procedure for a user equipment in ICBM operation. Asshown, the a UE 110 is in ICBM operation in which a TCI state (beam) is indicated associated with PCI 2 (of ICBM cell 302B) for UE-dedicated channels / signals, and other TCI state(s) associated with PCI 1 (of serving cell 302A) are configured / activated / indicated for non-UE- dedicated channel signals.

[0067] During LTM preparation, as shown at step 401, the UE 110 sends a L3 measurement report to the serving cell 302A, which decides to use LTM and initiate LTM candidate preparation. The serving cell at step 402 sends an LTM candidate configuration to the UE, including the configuration of one or more candidate cells 302C (PCI 3). The LTM candidate configuration also includes measurement configuration (LTM CSI measurement set 1 [SSB1 to SSB8]), and an event-triggered LI measurement reporting configuration for LTM execution. As shown, the LI measurement reporting configuration is for LTM-3 (beam of candidate cell becomes an amount of offset better than beam of serving cell).

[0068] The UE 110 at step 403 determine a measurement quality (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ / SINR) of a reference resource (or reference, e.g., to compare the quality of a candidate beam against a reference) as the measurement quality of the serving cell 302A, evaluate the configured LTM event for LI measurement reporting using the measurement quality. As shown, the UE may evaluate LTM-3 for S SB 1-8 of PCI 3 (of candidate cell 302C) using the measurement quality of the reference as the measurement quality of the serving cell.

[0069] In a first option (option 1), the UE 110 may use the measurement quality associated with the indicated TCI state from the PCI different from the serving cell 302A. As shown, the UE may use the indicated TCI state (beam) from PCI 2 (of ICBM cell 302B) as the reference resource.

[0070] In a second option (option 2), the UE 110 may use the measurement quality associated with a TCI state associated with serving cell 302A which is indicated / configured for one of the CORESETs provisioning a CSS. As shown, the UE may use an indicated TCI state (beam) from PCI 1 for CSSs as the reference resource. In various examples, the indicated TCI state may be one of the following: a TCI state indicated / configured for CORESET 0, a TCI state indicated / configured for a lowest CORESET index configured not to follow indicted TCI state, a TCI state indicated / configured to monitor PDCCH candidates for a Type0 / 0A / 0B / l / lA / 2 / 2A -PDCCH CSS, a TCI state indicated / configured for a CORESET IDindicated / configured as reference CORESET, or a TCI state indicated / configured for at least one CORESET with a search space monitored on the serving cell.

[0071] In a third option (option 3), the UE 110 may use a measurement quality associated with TCI states (e.g., more than one) associated with the serving cell 302A that are indicated / configured for CORESETs provisioning a CSS. In some examples, the measurement quality may be an average of measurements from the TCI states, or a highest quality from the measurements among the TCI states. As shown, the UE may use an average measurement quality of the indicated TCI states (beams) from PCI 1 for CSSs as the reference resource.

[0072] In a fourth option (option 4), the UE 110 may use a measurement quality associated with the indicated TCI state from the PCI different from a serving cell and a TCI state associated with serving cell PCI (e.g., indicated / configured for CORESET provisioning the CSS). Similar to option 3, in some examples, the measurement quality may be an average of measurements, or a highest quality from the measurements. As shown, the UE may use an average measurement quality of the indicated beam from PCI 2 (of ICBM cell 302B) and an indicated beam from PCI 1 (of serving cell 302A) for CSSs as reference resource.

[0073] In a fifth option (option 5), the UE 110 may use the measurement quality associated with a RS associated with a random access procedure or UL transmission. As shown, the UE may use a SSB (SS / PBCH block) identified by the UE during a random access procedure as the reference resource. In various examples, the SSB may be one of the following: a SSB the UE identified during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a PDCCH order that triggers a contention-free random access procedure, a SSB identified by the UE during an initial access procedure, or a SSB identified by the UE for a most recent configured grant PUSCH transmission (e.g., PUSCH transmission in RRC INACTIVE state). As an example, if no TCI state activation / indication or configuration for CORESET(s) is received (e.g., applicable for after the RRC reconfiguration, RRC reconfiguration with synchronization, after initial RRC setup, after RRC resume, etc.), the UE may use the RS associated with a random access procedure or PUSCH transmission.

[0074] In some examples, the radio access node 202 may configure which of the options the UE 110 will use at step 403, or the UE may determine which of the options to use based on predefined (specified) UE procedures.

[0075] In some examples, in the context of LTM, which of the options the UE 110 will use at step 403 may be configured based on whether the ICBM cell 302B associated with the indicated TCI state is a candidate cell 302C. In some of these examples, the UE may be configured the radio access node 202 to use one of the options when the ICBM cell is a candidate cell (scenario FIG. 3A), and use another of the options when the ICBM cell is not a candidate cell (scenario FIG. 3B). In other examples, the UE may determine which of the options to use based on the the scenario and predefined (specified) UE procedures.

[0076] In some examples, in the context of LTM, the options available to the UE 110 may be limited in some cases of the scenario in which the ICBM cell 302B associated with the indicated TCI state is a candidate cell 302C (FIG. 3A). In this scenario, the UE 110 may be limited to either the second option or the third option (using measurement quality associated with certain TCI state(s) associated with the serving cell 302A), when the configured LTM event involves a comparison of the measurement quality of the candidate cell and the serving cell (e.g., LTM-3, LTM- 5). In this case, in some examples, the UE may ignore the configured LTM event, and fallback to another LTM event such as LTM-4 with a static configured threshold.

[0077] Returning to FIG. 4, the UE 110 may at step 404 determine that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled or met based on the evaluation; and the UE may at step 405 send an LI event-triggered measurement report to the serving cell 302A. The serving cell decides to execute a cell switch, and selects the candidate cell 302C (PCI 3) as a target cell for the cell switch. The serving cell then at step 406 sends a cell switch command to the UE to trigger the cell switch. The UE switches to the configuration of the target cell, the UE and candidate cell at step 407 carry out the cell switch.

[0078] As indicated above, the solution of some example implementations applies to ICBM, but may also apply to inter-cell multi-TRP operation. In some examples in which the UE 110 is in an inter-cell multi-TRP connection, the UE may be indicated with TCI states for both a cell with different PCI than the serving cell, and the serving cell. In some of these examples, the UE may use the measurement quality of indicated TCI state (beam) associated with serving cell as the reference resource for the measurement quality of the serving cell 302A for evaluating a reporting event.

[0079] Also, according to various example implementations, the use of TCI state (TCI state ID) for measurement for evaluation of a reporting event may refer to using the RS resource(s) included or associated with the TCI state ID. Examples of suitable RS resources include the QCL information RS of TCI state (SSB / CSI-RS), the QCL source RS (SSB / CSI- RS) of the QCL information RS of TCI state, the SSB that is associated with the TCI State a QCL source, and TRS or the QCL source RS of the TRS (SSB / CSI-RS).

[0080] EIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating various steps in a method 500 according to various example implementations. The method includes operating with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell, as shown at block 502. The method includes receiving a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting, as shown at block 504. The method includes determining a reference resource quality based on at least one RS resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission, as shown at block 506. The method includes determining that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality, as shown at block 508. And the method includes sending a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell, as shown at block 510.

[0081] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell.

[0082] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on one of the respective RS resources associated with one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space (CSS).

[0083] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with index 0.

[0084] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with a lowest index among at least one CORESET configured not to follow the indicted TCI state.

[0085] In some examples, In some of these examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS other than a Type3 - physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) CSS.

[0086] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET configured or indicated as a reference CORESET.

[0087] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one indicated TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS monitored on the serving cell.

[0088] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on multiple of the respective RS resources associated with multiple TCI states associated with the PCI of the serving cell that are applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space.

[0089] In some further examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0090] In some examples, the at least one indicated TCI state includes the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and at least one TCI state indicated or configured or or applied to receive at least one downlink (DL) channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell. In some of these examples, the reference resource is determined at block 506 based on multiple of the respective RS resources including one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and the at least one TCI state indicated orconfigured or applied to receive at least one DL channelassociated with the PCI of the serving cell.

[0091] In some further examples, the reference resource qualityis determined at block 506 as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0092] In some examples, the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on the RS resource associated with the random access procedure or the uplink transmission.

[0093] In some examples, the method 500 is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a physical downlink control channel order that triggers a contention- free random access procedure.

[0094] In some examples, the method 500 is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during an initial access procedure.

[0095] In some examples, the method 500 is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment for a most recent configured grant physical uplink shared channel transmission performed in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state.

[0096] In some examples, the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell is associated with a non-serving cell, the measurement report is sent at block 510 in connection with a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, and the reference resource quality is determined at block 506 based on whether the non-serving cell is a LTM candidate cell.

[0097] In some examples, each of the respective RS resources associated with a TCI state is configured in quasi co-location (QCL) information of the TCI state, or a QCI source of at least one RS resource configured in QCL information of the TCI state.

[0098] In some further examples, each of the respective RS resources is a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information RS (CSI-RS), or a tracking RS (TRS).

[0099] According to example implementations of the present disclosure, a telecommunications system 100 or PLMN 102, and its components such as a UE 110, CN 106, RAN 108, radio access node 202, serving cell 302A, ICBM cell 302B and / or candidate cell 302C, may be implemented by various means. Means for implementing the system and its components may include hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof. In someexamples, one or more apparatuses may be configured to function as or otherwise implement the system and its components shown and described herein. In examples involving more than one apparatus, the respective apparatuses may be connected to or otherwise in communication with one another in a number of different manners, such as directly or indirectly via a wired or wireless network or the like.

[0100] According to some example implementations, at least some of the method 500 described with respect to FIG. 5 may be carried out by an apparatus comprising means for performing functions corresponding steps of the method. Examples of a suitable apparatus may include a user equipment, user device, user terminal or the like.

[0101] FIG. 6 illustrates an apparatus 600 in which means for performing various functions includes hardware, alone or under direction of one or more computer programs from a computer-readable storage medium or other memory, such as computer memory, according to some example implementations of the present disclosure. Generally, an apparatus of example implementations of the present disclosure may comprise, include or be embodied in one or more fixed or portable electronic devices. Examples of suitable electronic devices include a wearable computer, mobile phone, portable computer, desktop computer, workstation computer, server (server computer) or the like. The apparatus may include one or more of each of a number of components such as, for example, processing circuitry 602 connected to computer-readable storage medium or other memory 604.

[0102] The processing circuitry 602 may be composed of one or more processors alone or in combination with one or more computer-readable storage media. The processing circuitry is generally any piece of computer hardware that is capable of processing information such as, for example, data, computer programs and / or other suitable electronic information. The processing circuitry is composed of a collection of electronic circuits some of which may be packaged as an integrated circuit or multiple interconnected integrated circuits (an integrated circuit at times more commonly referred to as a “chip”). The processing circuitry may be configured to execute computer programs, which may be stored onboard the processing circuitry or otherwise stored in the memory 604 (of the same or another apparatus).

[0100] The processing circuitry 602 may be a number of processors, a multi-core processor or some other type of processor, depending on the particular implementation. Further, the processing circuitry may be implemented using a number of heterogeneousprocessor systems in which a main processor is present with one or more secondary processors on a single chip. As another illustrative example, the processing circuitry may be a symmetric multi-processor system containing multiple processors of the same type. In yet another example, the processing circuitry may be embodied as or otherwise include one or more ASICs, FPGAs or the like. Thus, although the processing circuitry may be capable of executing a computer program to perform one or more functions, the processing circuitry of various examples may be capable of performing one or more functions without the aid of a computer program. In either instance, the processing circuitry may be appropriately programmed to perform functions or operations according to example implementations of the present disclosure.

[0101] The memory 604 is generally any piece of computer hardware that is capable of storing information such as, for example, data, computer programs, instructions 606 (e.g., computer-readable program code) and / or other suitable information either on a temporary basis and / or a permanent basis. The memory may include volatile and / or non-volatile memory, and may be fixed or removable. Examples of suitable memory include recording media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard drive, a flash memory, a thumb drive, a removable computer diskette, an optical disk or some combination thereof.

[0102] The memory 604 is a non-transitory device capable of storing information. One example of a suitable memory is a computer-readable storage medium, which is distinguishable from a computer-readable transmission medium capable of carrying information from one location to another. Examples of suitable computer-readable transmission media comprise electronic carrier signals, telecommunications signals, or some combination thereof. As used herein, the term “non-transitory” is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM versus ROM). A computer-readable medium as described herein generally refers to a computer-readable storage medium or computer-readable transmission medium. A computer- readable medium is any entity or device capable in which information, such as one or more computer programs or portions thereof, may be stored and carried.

[0103] In addition to the memory 604 (e.g., computer-readable storage medium), the processing circuitry 602 may also be connected to one or more interfaces for displaying, transmitting and / or receiving information. The interfaces may include a communicationsinterface 608 and / or one or more user interfaces. The communications interface may be configured to transmit and / or receive information, such as to and / or from other apparatus(es), network(s) or the like. The communications interface may be configured to transmit and / or receive information by physical (wired) and / or wireless communications links. Examples of suitable communication interfaces include a network interface controller (NIC), wireless NIC (WNIC) or the like.

[0104] The user interfaces may include a display 610 and / or one or more user input interfaces 612. The display may be configured to present or otherwise display information to a user, suitable examples of which include a liquid crystal display (LCD), light-emitting diode (LED) display, organic LED (OLED) display, active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) or the like. The user input interfaces may be wired or wireless, and may be configured to receive information from a user into the apparatus, such as for processing, storage and / or display. Suitable examples of user input interfaces include a microphone, image or video capture device, keyboard or keypad, joystick, touch-sensitive surface (separate from or integrated into a touchscreen), biometric sensor or the like. The user interfaces may further include one or more interfaces for communicating with peripherals such as printers, scanners or the like.

[0105] Execution of the instructions 606 by the processing circuitry 602, or storage of the instructions in the memory 604, supports combinations of operations for implementing example implementations of the present disclosure. In this manner, an apparatus 600 may comprise at least one processing circuitry and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing circuitry, where the at least one processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions stored in the at least one memory. It will also be understood that one or more functions, and combinations of functions, may be implemented by special purpose hardwarebased computer systems and / or processing circuitry which perform the specified functions, or combinations of special purpose hardware and program code instructions.

[0106] Some example implementations of the present disclosure may also be carried out in the form of a computer process defined by one or more computer programs or portions thereof. Example implementations of the present disclosure may be carried out by executing at least one portion of a computer program comprising instructions. The computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form. The computer program may be stored in a computer-readable medium that is readable by a computer,processing circuitry or other suitable apparatus. As indicated above, for example, the computer program may be stored in a memory, such as a computer-readable storage medium.Additionally or alternatively, for example, the computer program may be stored in a computer-readable transmission medium. The coding of software for carrying out example implementations of the present disclosure is well within the scope of a person of ordinary skill in the art.

[0107] As will be appreciated, any suitable instructions may be loaded onto a computer, a processing circuitry or other programmable apparatus from a memory or a computer-readable medium (e.g., computer-readable storage medium, computer-readable transmission medium) to produce a particular machine, such that the particular machine becomes a means for implementing the functions specified herein. The instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct a computer, a processing circuitry or other programmable apparatus to function in a particular manner to thereby generate a particular machine or particular article of manufacture. In some examples, the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium may produce an article of manufacture, where the article of manufacture becomes a means for implementing functions described herein. The instructions may be retrieved from a computer-readable medium and loaded into a computer, processing circuitry or other programmable apparatus to configure the computer, processing circuitry or other programmable apparatus to execute operations to be performed on or by the computer, processing circuitry or other programmable apparatus.

[0108] Retrieval, loading and execution of instructions comprising program code instructions may be performed sequentially such that one instruction is retrieved, loaded and executed at a time. In some example implementations, retrieval, loading and / or execution may be performed in parallel such that multiple instructions are retrieved, loaded, and / or executed together. Execution of the program code instructions may produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions executed by the computer, processing circuitry or other programmable apparatus provide operations for implementing functions described herein.

[0109] As explained above and reiterated below, the present disclosure includes, without limitation, the following example implementations.

[0110] Clause 1. An apparatus comprising: at least one memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processing circuitry configured to access the at least onememory, and execute the instructions to cause the apparatus to at least: operate with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; receive a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; determine a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; determine that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and send a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0111] Clause 2. The apparatus of clause 1 , wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell.

[0112] Clause 3. The apparatus of clause 1 or clause 2, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space (CSS).

[0113] Clause 4. The apparatus of clause 3, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with index Clause 0.

[0114] Clause 5. The apparatus of clause 3 or clause 4, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with a lowest index among at least one CORESET configured not to follow the indicted TCI state.

[0115] Clause 6. The apparatus of any of clauses 3 to 5, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for aCORESET associated with a CSS other than a Type3 - physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) CSS.

[0116] Clause 7. The apparatus of any of clauses 3 to 6, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET configured or indicated as a reference CORESET.

[0117] Clause 8. The apparatus of any of clauses 3 to 7, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one indicated TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS monitored on the serving cell.

[0118] Clause 9. The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources associated with multiple TCI states associated with the PCI of the serving cell that are applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space.

[0119] Clause 10. The apparatus of clause 9, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0120] Clause 11. The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the at least one indicated TCI state includes the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one downlink (DL) channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell, and wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources including one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and the at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one DL channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell.

[0121] Clause 12. The apparatus of clause 11, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0122] Clause 13. The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 12, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the RS resource associated with the random access procedure or the uplink transmission.

[0123] Clause 14. The apparatus of clause 13, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a physical downlink control channel order that triggers a contention-free random access procedure.

[0124] Clause 15. The apparatus of clause 13 or clause 14, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during an initial access procedure.

[0125] Clause 16. The apparatus of any of clauses 13 to 15, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment for a most recent configured grant physical uplink shared channel transmission performed in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state.

[0126] Clause 17. The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 16, wherein the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell is associated with a non-serving cell, the measurement report is sent in connection with a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, and the reference resource quality is determined based on whether the non-serving cell is a LTM candidate cell.

[0127] Clause 18. The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 17, wherein each of the respective RS resources associated with a TCI state is configured in quasi co-location (QCL) information of the TCI state, or a QCL source of at least one RS resource configured in QCL information of the TCI state.

[0128] Clause 19. The apparatus of clause 18, wherein each of the respective RS resources is a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information RS (CSI-RS), or a tracking RS (TRS).

[0129] Clause 20. An apparatus comprising: means for operating with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; means for receiving a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; means for determining a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS)resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; means for determining that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and means for sending a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0130] Clause 21. The apparatus of clause 20, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell.

[0131] Clause 22. The apparatus of clause 20 or clause 21, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space (CSS).

[0132] Clause 23. The apparatus of clause 22, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with index Clause 0.

[0133] Clause 24. The apparatus of clause 22 or clause 23, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with a lowest index among at least one CORESET configured not to follow the indicted TCI state.

[0134] Clause 25. The apparatus of any of clauses 22 to 24, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS other than a Type3 - physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) CSS.

[0135] Clause 26. The apparatus of any of clauses 22 to 25, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET configured or indicated as a reference CORESET.

[0136] Clause 27. The apparatus of any of clauses 22 to 26, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one indicated TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS monitored on the serving cell.

[0137] Clause 28. The apparatus of any of clauses 20 to 27, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources associated with multiple TCI states associated with the PCI of the serving cell that are applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space.

[0138] Clause 29. The apparatus of clause 28, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0139] Clause 30. The apparatus of any of clauses 20 to 29, wherein the at least one indicated TCI state includes the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one downlink (DL) channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell, and wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources including one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and the at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one DL channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell.

[0140] Clause 31. The apparatus of clause 30, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0141] Clause 32. The apparatus of any of clauses 20 to 31, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the RS resource associated with the random access procedure or the uplink transmission.

[0142] Clause 33. The apparatus of clause 32, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a physical downlink control channel order that triggers a contention-free random access procedure.

[0143] Clause 34. The apparatus of clause 32 or clause 33, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during an initial access procedure.

[0144] Clause 35. The apparatus of any of clauses 32 to 34, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment for a most recent configured grant physical uplink shared channel transmission performed in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state.

[0145] Clause 36. The apparatus of any of clauses 20 to 35, wherein the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell is associated with a non-serving cell, the measurement report is sent in connection with a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, and the reference resource quality is determined based on whether the non-serving cell is a LTM candidate cell.

[0146] Clause 37. The apparatus of any of clauses 20 to 36, wherein each of the respective RS resources associated with a TCI state is configured in quasi co-location (QCL) information of the TCI state, or a QCI source of at least one RS resource configured in QCL information of the TCI state.

[0147] Clause 38. The apparatus of clause 37, wherein each of the respective RS resources is a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information RS (CSI-RS), or a tracking RS (TRS).

[0148] Clause 39. A method comprising: operating with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; receiving a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; determining a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; determining that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and sending a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0149] Clause 40. The method of clause 39, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell.

[0150] Clause 41. The method of clause 39 or clause 40, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space (CSS).

[0151] Clause 42. The method of clause 41, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with index Clause 0.

[0152] Clause 43. The method of clause 41 or clause 42, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with a lowest index among at least one CORESET configured not to follow the indicted TCI state.

[0153] Clause 44. The method of any of clauses 41 to 43, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS other than a Type3 - physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) CSS.

[0154] Clause 45. The method of any of clauses 41 to 44, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET configured or indicated as a reference CORESET.

[0155] Clause 46. The method of any of clauses 41 to 45, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one indicated TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS monitored on the serving cell.

[0156] Clause 47. The method of any of clauses 39 to 46, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources associated withmultiple TCI states associated with the PCI of the serving cell that are applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space.

[0157] Clause 48. The method of clause 47, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0158] Clause 49. The method of any of clauses 39 to 48, wherein the at least one indicated TCI state includes the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one downlink (DL) channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell, and wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources including one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and the at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one DL channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell.

[0159] Clause 50. The method of clause 49, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0160] Clause 51. The method of any of clauses 39 to 50, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the RS resource associated with the random access procedure or the uplink transmission.

[0161] Clause 52. The method of clause 51, wherein the method is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a physical downlink control channel order that triggers a contention-free random access procedure.

[0162] Clause 53. The method of clause 51 or clause 52, wherein the method is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during an initial access procedure.

[0163] Clause 54. The method of any of clauses 51 to 53, wherein the method is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment for a most recent configured grant physical uplink shared channel transmission performed in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state.

[0164] Clause 55. The method of any of clauses 39 to 54, wherein the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell is associated with a non-serving cell, the measurement report is sent in connection with a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, and the reference resource quality is determined based on whether the non-serving cell is a LTM candidate cell.

[0165] Clause 56. The method of any of clauses 39 to 55, wherein each of the respective RS resources associated with a TCI state is configured in quasi co-location (QCL) information of the TCI state, or a QCL source of at least one RS resource configured in QCL information of the TCI state.

[0166] Clause 57. The method of clause 56, wherein each of the respective RS resources is a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information RS (CSI-RS), or a tracking RS (TRS).

[0167] Clause 58. A computer-readable storage medium that is non-transitory and has instructions stored therein that, in response to execution by at least one processing circuitry, causes an apparatus to at least: operate with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; receive a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; determine a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; determine that a reporting event of the reporting configurati on is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and send a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

[0168] Clause 59. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 58, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell.

[0169] Clause 60. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 58 or clause 59, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RSresources associated with one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space (CSS).

[0170] Clause 61. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 60, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with index Clause 0.

[0171] Clause 62. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 60 or clause 61, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with a lowest index among at least one CORESET configured not to follow the indicted TCI state.

[0172] Clause 63. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 60 to 62, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS other than a Type3 - physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) CSS.

[0173] Clause 64. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 60 to 63, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET configured or indicated as a reference CORESET.

[0174] Clause 65. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 60 to 64, wherein the reference resource qual ity is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one indicated TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS monitored on the serving cell.

[0175] Clause 66. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 58 to 65, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources associated with multiple TCI states associated with the PCI of the serving cell that are applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space.

[0176] Clause 67. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 66, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0177] Clause 68. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 58 to 67, wherein the at least one indicated TCI state includes the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one downlink (DL) channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell, and wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources including one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and the at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one DL channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell.

[0178] Clause 69. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 68, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

[0179] Clause 70. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 58 to 69, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the RS resource associated with the random access procedure or the uplink transmission.

[0180] Clause 71. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 70, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a physical downlink control channel order that triggers a contention-free random access procedure.

[0181] Clause 72. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 70 or clause 71, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during an initial access procedure.

[0182] Clause 73. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 70 to 72, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment for a most recentconfigured grant physical uplink shared channel transmission performed in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state.

[0183] Clause 74. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 58 to 73, wherein the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell is associated with a non-serving cell, the measurement report is sent in connection with a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, and the reference resource quality is determined based on whether the non-serving cell is a LTM candidate cell.

[0184] Clause 75. The computer-readable storage medium of any of clauses 58 to 74, wherein each of the respective RS resources associated with a TCI state is configured in quasi co-location (QCL) information of the TCI state, or a QCL source of at least one RS resource configured in QCL informati on of the TCI state.

[0185] Clause 76. The computer-readable storage medium of clause 75, wherein each of the respective RS resources is a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information RS (CSLRS), or a tracking RS (TRS).

[0186] Clause 77. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of clauses 39 to 53.

[0187] Clause 78. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, in response to execution by at least one processing circuitry, causes an apparatus to perform the method of any of clauses 39 to 53.

[0188] Clause 79. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, in response to execution by at least one processing circuitry, causes an apparatus to perform the method of any of clauses 39 to 53.

[0189] Clause 80. A computer program comprising instructions that, in response to execution by at least one processing circuitry, causes an apparatus to perform the method of any of clauses 39 to 53.

[0190] Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing description and the associated figures. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, although the foregoing description and theassociated figures describe example implementations in the context of certain example combinations of elements and / or functions, it should be appreciated that different combinations of elements and / or functions may be provided by alternative implementations without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In this regard, for example, different combinations of elements and / or functions than those explicitly described above are also contemplated as may be set forth in some of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method comprising: operating with a configuration including at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to be applied to at least one channel, the at least one indicated TCI state including an indicated TCI state associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from a PCI of a serving cell; receiving a reporting configuration for event-triggered layer 1 measurement reporting; determining a reference resource quality based on at least one reference signal (RS) resource of respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell and at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell, or based on a RS resource associated with a random access procedure or an uplink transmission; determining that a reporting event of the reporting configuration is fulfilled based on at least the reference resource quality; and sending a measurement report triggered by the determination to the serving cell.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell.

3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on one of the respective RS resources associated with one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space (CSS).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with index 0.

5. The method of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the atleast one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET with a lowest index among at least one CORESET configured not to follow the indicted TCI state.

6. The method of any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS other than a Type3 - physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) CSS.

7. The method of any of claims 3 to 6, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET configured or indicated as a reference CORESET.

8. The method of any of claims 3 to 7, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the one of the respective RS resources associated with the one of the at least one indicated TCI state associated with the PCI of the serving cell that is applied for a CORESET associated with a CSS monitored on the serving cell.

9. The method of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources associated with multiple TCI states associated with the PCI of the serving cell that are applied for a control resource set (CORESET) associated with a common search space.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

11. The method of claim 1 or claim 10, wherein the at least one indicated TCI state includes the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one downlink (DL) channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell, andwherein the reference resource quality is determined based on multiple of the respective RS resources including one of the respective RS resources associated with the indicated TCI state associated with the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell, and the at least one TCI state indicated or configured or applied to receive at least one DL channel associated with the PCI of the serving cell.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the reference resource quality is determined as a highest or an average RS resource quality of the multiple of the respective RS resources.

13. The method of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the reference resource quality is determined based on the RS resource associated with the random access procedure or the uplink transmission.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during a most recent random access procedure not initiated by a physical downlink control channel order that triggers a contention-free random access procedure.

15. The method of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the method is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment during an initial access procedure.

16. The method of any of claims 13 to 15, wherein the method is performed by a user equipment, and the RS resource is a synchronization signal block (SSB) identified by the user equipment for a most recent configured grant physical uplink shared channel transmission performed in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state.

17. The method of any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the PCI different from the PCI of the serving cell is associated with a non-serving cell, the measurement report is sent in connection with a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, and the reference resource quality is determined based on whether the non-serving cell is a LTM candidate cell.

18. The method of any of claims 1 to 17, wherein each of the respective RS resources associated with a TCI state is configured in quasi co-location (QCL) information of the TCI state, or a QCL source of at least one RS resource configured in QCL information of the TCI state.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein each of the respective RS resources is a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information RS (CSLRS), or a tracking RS (TRS).

20. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 1 to 19.

21. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, in response to execution by at least one processing circuitry, causes an apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 19.

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