Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that derives a quality index (QI) indicating the difference between actual channel state information (CSI) and reported CSI; and a transmission unit that transmits a CSI report including the QI. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to achieve appropriate data collection for model training / performance monitoring.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 18 and later), it is being considered to use channel state information that utilizes time (or temporal) domain correlation / Doppler domain information to collect data for model training / performance monitoring (on the terminal (User Equipment (UE)) side / network (NW, e.g., base station) side).

[0006] However, there has been insufficient consideration given to specific methods for appropriate data collection. If this consideration is insufficient, there is a risk that appropriate data collection for model training / performance monitoring will not be achieved.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can realize appropriate data collection for model training / performance monitoring.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a control unit that derives a quality index (QI) indicating the difference between actual channel state information (CSI) and a reported CSI, and a transmission unit that transmits a CSI report including the QI.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, appropriate data collection for model training / performance monitoring can be achieved.

[0010] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first TD CQI. FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating an example of a second TD CQI. FIG. 1C is a diagram illustrating an example of a third TD CQI. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between a QI and a quantization error according to embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating another example of a correspondence relationship between a QI and a quantization error according to embodiment 1-1. FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI design according to embodiment 4-1-3. FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI design according to embodiment 4-2-1. FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI design according to embodiments 4-2-2, 4-2-3, and 4-2-4. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (AI Model) With regard to future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0012] For example, for future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI techniques is being considered to improve channel state information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve positioning (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0013] In the present disclosure, AI model information used in AI technology may refer to information including at least one of the following: - Input / output information of the AI ​​model; - Pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model; - Parameter information of the AI ​​model; - Training information for the AI ​​model; - Inference information for the AI ​​model; - Performance information regarding the AI ​​model.

[0014] In the present disclosure, the terms AI model, AI / ML model, and model may be read interchangeably.

[0015] Here, the input / output information of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Contents of the input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the angle of arrival (Angle of Arrival (AoA)), information on the angle of departure (Angle of Departure (AoD)), location information); - Type of the input / output data (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number); - Quantization interval (quantization step size) of the input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP); - Range that the input / output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0016] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of arrival and a zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). The information on AoD may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of departure and a zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0017] In the present disclosure, location information may be location information related to a UE / NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)), information about a base station adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., a base station / cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction / angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., coordinates on the X, Y, and Z axes), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, and may be information based on a specific point.

[0018] The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location / position / orientation of antennas, location / orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0019] The location information may include mobility information, which may include information indicating at least one of information indicating a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, and a moving direction of the UE.

[0020] Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of a fixed location UE, a movable / moving UE, a no mobility UE, a low mobility UE, a middle mobility UE, a high mobility UE, a cell-edge UE, a not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0021] The pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization (standardization), min-max normalization); Parameters for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, min / max for min-max normalization); Whether to apply a specific numerical conversion method (e.g., one hot encoding, label encoding, etc.); Selection rules for whether to use as training data.

[0022] For example, Z-score normalization (x) is performed as a preprocessing step for input information x (original input values). ｎｅｗ = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the mean of x and σ is the standard deviation) ｎｅｗ (Normalized input values) may be input to the AI ​​model, and the output y ｏｕｔ The output values ​​may be post-processed to obtain the final output y (post-processed output values).

[0023] The information on the parameters of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Information on weights in the AI ​​model (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)); - Structure of the AI ​​model; - Type of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)); - Function of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0024] Note that the weight information in the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Bit width (size) of the weight information; - Quantization interval of the weight information; - Range that the weight information can take; - Weight parameters in the AI ​​model; - Information on the difference from the AI ​​model before update (if updating); - Weight initialization method (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal distribution / uniform distribution / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for rectified linear units (ReLU))).

[0025] The structure of the AI ​​model may also include information about at least one of the following: the number of layers, the type of layer (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer), layer information, time series specific parameters (e.g., bidirectionality, time step), parameters for training (e.g., type of function (e.g., L2 regularization, dropout function, etc.), where (e.g., after which layer) to place this function).

[0026] The layer information may include information about at least one of the following: Number of neurons in each layer; Kernel size; Stride for pooling / convolutional layers; Pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.); Residual block information; Number of heads; Normalization method (Batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.); Activation function (Sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

[0027] The training information for the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: - Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), parameters of the optimization (learning rate, momentum information, etc.); - Information on the loss function (e.g., information on metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE)), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross Entropy Loss, NLL Loss, KL Divergence, etc.)); - Parameters to be frozen for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be updated (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be (to be used as) initial parameters for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Method of training / updating the AI ​​model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data to use for training).

[0028] The inference information for the AI ​​model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, etc.

[0029] The performance information regarding the AI ​​model may include information regarding the expected value of a loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0030] AI model information regarding a specific AI model may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to a UE from a network (NW). An AI model defined in a standard may be referred to as a reference AI model. AI model information regarding a reference AI model may be referred to as reference AI model information.

[0031] Note that the AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI ​​model (which may be referred to as an AI model index, for example). The AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include the AI ​​model index in addition to / instead of the input / output information of the AI ​​model described above. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (for example, input / output information of the AI ​​model) may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to the UE from the NW.

[0032] (CSI Report or Reporting) In Rel. 15 NR, a terminal (also referred to as a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.) generates (also referred to as determining, calculating, estimating, measuring, etc.) channel state information (CSI) based on a reference signal (RS) (or a resource for the RS), and transmits (also referred to as reporting, feedback, etc.) the generated CSI to a network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station, for example, using an uplink control channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

[0033] The RS used to generate the CSI may be, for example, at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc.

[0034] The CSI-RS may include at least one of a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS and a CSI-Interference Management (CSI-Interference Measurement, CSI-IM). The SS / PBCH block is a block including an SS and a PBCH (and corresponding DMRS), and may be referred to as an SS block (SSB). The SS may include at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS).

[0035] The CSI may include at least one of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI, SSB index), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), and the like.

[0036] The UE may receive information about CSI reporting (report configuration information) and control CSI reporting based on the report configuration information. The report configuration information may be, for example, a "CSI-ReportConfig" information element (IE) of Radio Resource Control (RRC).

[0037] The reporting configuration information (e.g., "CSI-ReportConfig" of the RRC IE) may include, for example, at least one of the following: - Information on the type of CSI report (report type information, e.g., "reportConfigType" of the RRC IE) - Information on one or more quantities of CSI to be reported (one or more CSI parameters) (report quantity information, e.g., "reportQuantity" of the RRC IE) - Information on RS resources used to generate the quantities (the CSI parameters) (resource information, e.g., "CSI-ResourceConfigId" of the RRC IE) - Information on the frequency domain targeted for CSI reporting (frequency domain information, e.g., "reportFreqConfiguration" of the RRC IE)

[0038] For example, the report type information may indicate a periodic CSI (P-CSI) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent CSI (SP-CSI) report.

[0039] Furthermore, the reporting amount information may specify a combination of at least one of the above CSI parameters (for example, CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, etc.).

[0040] The resource information may also be an ID of a resource for the RS. The resource for the RS may include, for example, a non-zero-power CSI-RS resource or an SSB, and a CSI-IM resource (for example, a zero-power CSI-RS resource).

[0041] The frequency domain information may also indicate the frequency granularity of the CSI report. The frequency granularity may include, for example, a wideband (WB) and a subband (SB). The wideband is the entire CSI reporting band. The wideband may be, for example, the entirety of a certain carrier (a component carrier (CC)), a cell, or a serving cell), or the entirety of a bandwidth part (BWP) within a certain carrier. The wideband may also be referred to as the CSI reporting band, the entire CSI reporting band, etc.

[0042] Furthermore, a subband is a part of a wideband and may be configured with one or more resource blocks (RBs or PRBs). The size of the subband may be determined according to the size of the BWP (the number of PRBs).

[0043] The frequency domain information may indicate whether wideband or subband PMI is to be reported (the frequency domain information may include, for example, an RRC IE "pmi-FormatIndicator" used to determine whether wideband PMI reporting or subband PMI reporting is to be performed). The UE may determine the frequency granularity of CSI reporting (i.e., whether wideband PMI reporting or subband PMI reporting is to be performed) based on at least one of the reporting amount information and the frequency domain information.

[0044] When wideband PMI reporting is configured, one wideband PMI may be reported for the entire CSI reporting band, whereas when subband PMI reporting is configured, a single wideband indication i1 may be reported for the entire CSI reporting band, and one subband indication i2 (e.g., a subband indication for each subband) may be reported for each of one or more subbands within the entire CSI reporting band.

[0045] The UE performs channel estimation using the received RS to estimate a channel matrix H. The UE feeds back a PMI determined based on the estimated channel matrix.

[0046] The PMI may indicate a precoder matrix (also simply referred to as a precoder) that the UE considers appropriate for use in downlink (DL) transmissions to the UE. Each value of the PMI may correspond to one precoder matrix. A set of PMI values ​​may correspond to a set of different precoder matrices, called a precoder codebook (also simply referred to as a codebook).

[0047] In the space domain, a CSI report may include one or more types of CSI. For example, the CSI may include at least one of a first type (Type 1 CSI) used for single-beam selection and a second type (Type 2 CSI) used for multi-beam selection. The single beam may be rephrased as a single layer, and the multi-beam may be rephrased as multiple beams. Furthermore, Type 1 CSI does not assume multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO), while Type 2 CSI may assume multi-user MIMO.

[0048] The codebook may include a codebook for Type-1 CSI (also referred to as a Type-1 codebook, etc.) and a codebook for Type-2 CSI (also referred to as a Type-2 codebook, etc.). Furthermore, Type-1 CSI may include Type-1 single-panel CSI and Type-1 multi-panel CSI, and different codebooks (Type-1 single-panel codebook, Type-1 multi-panel codebook) may be defined for each.

[0049] In the present disclosure, Type 1 and Type I may be interpreted as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Type 2 and Type II may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0050] The uplink control information (UCI) type may include at least one of a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), a scheduling request (SR), and CSI. The UCI may be carried by the PUCCH or the PUSCH.

[0051] In Rel. 15 NR, UCI may contain one CSI part for wideband PMI feedback. CSI report #n contains PMI wideband information if reported.

[0052] In Rel. 15 NR, UCI can include two CSI parts for subband PMI feedback. CSI Part 1 includes wideband PMI information. CSI Part 2 includes one wideband PMI and several subband PMIs. CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2 are coded separately.

[0053] In Rel. 15 NR, a UE is configured by higher layers with N (N≧1) CSI reporting configuration report settings and M (M≧1) CSI resource configuration resource settings. For example, the CSI reporting configuration (CSI-ReportConfig) includes a channel measurement resource setting (resourcesForChannelMeasurement), a CSI-IM resource setting for interference (csi-IM-ResourceForInterference), an NZP-CSI-RS resource setting for interference (nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceForInterference), and a report quantity (reportQuantity). The channel measurement resource setting, the interference CSI-IM resource setting, and the interference NZP-CSI-RS resource setting are each associated with a CSI resource configuration (CSI-ResourceConfig, CSI-ResourceConfigId). The CSI resource configuration includes a list of CSI-RS resource sets (csi-RS-ResourceSetList, for example, an NZP-CSI-RS resource set or a CSI-IM resource set).

[0054] For both FR1 and FR2, evaluation and provision of CSI reporting for DL ​​multi-TRP and / or multi-panel transmissions is under consideration to enable more dynamic channel / interference hypotheses for NCJT.

[0055] In the present disclosure, CSI-RS, periodic CSI-RS (P-CSI-RS), semi-persistent CSI-RS (SP-CSI-RS), and aperiodic CSI-RS (AP-CSI-RS, A-CSI-RS) may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, CSI-RS, periodic CSI reporting (P-CSI reporting), semi-persistent CSI reporting (SP-CSI reporting), and aperiodic CSI reporting (AP-CSI reporting, A-CSI reporting) may be interchangeable.

[0056] (Doppler CSI) In Rel. 18 and later, it is being considered to utilize time (or temporal)-domain correlation / Doppler-domain (DD) information to extend / improve CSI reporting for UEs moving at high / medium speeds.

[0057] In the present disclosure, CSI / CQI reporting utilizing TD correlation / DD information may be referred to as time / temporal domain (TD) CSI / CQI (or TD-CSI / CQI). In the present disclosure, TD CSI and TD CQI may be interchangeable. Also, in the present disclosure, TD and DD may be interchangeable.

[0058] Assuming that the CSI is reported in slot n, the length of the DD / TD basis vector (DFT basis vector) (the number of DD / TD bases) may be N4. meas Within a CSI measurement window of W −1, one or more CSI occasions for calculation of a CSI report may be measured, where k may be a slot index and W meas may be the measurement window length (number of slots). The CSI occasion may be configured in the CSI-ReportConfig. Slot [l,l+W CSI −1] may be associated with a CSI report in slot n, where l may be a slot index and W CSI may be the reporting window length (number of slots). ref It may also be expressed as:

[0059] The duration of the CSI reporting window is W CSI = dN4. d and N4 may be determined by the channel measurement resource (CMR) configuration. The start of the CSI reporting window may be slot l. l = (nN CSI,ref) may be used. l=(n+δ) may be used. δ={0,2} may be used, or δ={0,1,2} may be used.

[0060] A d-slot may be of duration in DD units.

[0061] When UE-side prediction is assumed, the UE is supported to predict the CSI / channel after slot l, and the position of slot l (from multiple candidate values) may be configured by the base station via higher layer signaling. The multiple candidates for the slot l position may be set based on the existing CSI reference resource position (nN CSI,ref ) and (n+δ), where δ may be greater than 0. The legacy CSI reference resource in legacy operation, i.e., (nN CSI,ref ) may be reused / repurposed to indicate the position of the last CSI-RS occasion used for CSI reporting.

[0062] N4 may be set by an upper layer parameter N4 from the base station.

[0063] It is considered that three types / characteristics (eg, primary / secondary / tertiary TD CQI) will be defined for reporting TD CQI.

[0064] When a configuration parameter related to TD CQI (e.g., the RRC parameter TDCQI) indicates a first value (e.g., "1-1"), one CQI in the (fundamental) Doppler domain (which may be referred to as the first TD CQI) may be reported.

[0065] The first TD CQI may be associated with a PMI for slot l and slot interval (l to l+d−1).

[0066] 1A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first TD CQI, which may be a CQI at a certain time within a CSI reporting window (CQI #1 in the example of FIG. 1A).

[0067] When the configuration parameter for TD CQI (e.g., the RRC parameter TDCQI) indicates a second value (e.g., "1-2"), one CQI in the (optional) Doppler domain (which may be called the second TD CQI) may be reported.

[0068] A second TD CQI may be associated with slot l and slot interval (l to l+d-1). A second TD CQI may also be associated with a PMI for slot l+N4*d-1 and slot interval (l+(N4-1)*d-1 to l+N4*d-1).

[0069] 1B is a diagram showing an example of a second TD CQI, in which CQIs (CQI#1 in the example of FIG. 1B) may be reported at multiple (e.g., two) time points within a CSI reporting window.

[0070] When a configuration parameter related to TD CQI (e.g., the RRC parameter TDCQI) indicates a third value (e.g., "2"), two independent CQIs in the (optional) Doppler domain (which may be called third TD CQIs) may be reported.

[0071] One of the third TD CQIs may be associated with the PMI for slot l and slot interval (l to l+d-1), and another of the third TD CQIs may be associated with the PMI for slot l+N4 / 2 and slot interval (l+(N4 / 2)*d to l+((N4 / 2)+1)*d-1).

[0072] 1C is a diagram showing an example of a third TD CQI, in which CQIs at two times within a CSI reporting window (CQI#1 and CQI#2 in the example of FIG. 1C) may be reported.

[0073] (Analysis) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 18 and later), it is being considered to use CSI / CQI that utilizes the above-mentioned TD correlation / DD information to collect data for model training / performance monitoring (on the UE side / network side).

[0074] The ground truth reported by the UE may contain quantization noise / interference, and therefore using these reports for data collection may degrade the quality of performance monitoring / model training.

[0075] Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of performance monitoring / model training, it is preferable to report the quality of the correct CSI reported by the UE.

[0076] However, the specific methods for such reporting have not been sufficiently considered, and if this consideration is insufficient, there is a risk that appropriate data collection for model training / performance monitoring will not be achieved.

[0077] Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method for solving this problem.

[0078] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0079] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0080] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0081] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0082] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0083] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0084] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0085] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0086] In the present disclosure, beam, SD beam, precoder, antenna port, vector, SD basis, SD vector, and SD basis vector may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, vector, beam, SD beam, SD vector, SD basis, and SD basis vector may be interchangeable.

[0087] In the present disclosure, codebook (CB), codebook type, CSI, and CSI report may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Type 1 CB, Type 1 CSI, Type 1 CSI report, Type 1 single panel (SP) CB, and Type 1 multi-panel (MP) CB may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Type 1 SP CB and Type 1 SP CSI may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Type 1 MP CB and Type 1 MP CSI may be interchangeable.

[0088] In this disclosure, the terms "channel measurement occasion" and "at least one CSI-RS transmission occasion" may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms "interference measurement occasion" and "CSI-RS / CSI-IM occasion" may be interchangeable.

[0089] In the present disclosure, ground truth, CSI, CQI, PMI, RI, LI, CSI field, CSI content, report content, report quantity, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0090] In the present disclosure, the quality index, QI, TD-QI, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0091] In the present disclosure, actual CSI / PMI / CQI, true CSI / PMI / CQI, target CSI / PMI / CQI, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0092] (Wireless Communication Method) First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to reporting the quality of reported CSI / PMI.

[0093] The UE may report information / index indicating the quality of the reported CSI / PMI. The UE may configure / instruct / trigger the reporting of information / index indicating the quality of the CSI / PMI reported from the NW.

[0094] The UE may report the information / index according to / based on the configuration / instruction / specification. The UE may transmit a CSI report including the information / index.

[0095] In this disclosure, this information / index may be referred to as a quality index (QI).

[0096] In this disclosure, QI may indicate the difference between the actual (true) correct answer (CSI / PMI / CQI) and the reported correct answer (CSI / PMI / CQI).

[0097] By reporting such QIs, performance monitoring using the reported correct answers can reduce performance degradation that depends on the accuracy of the correct answers using the reported QIs.

[0098] Furthermore, by reporting such QIs, when model training is performed using collected data, the reported QIs can be used for at least one of training the network-side model and preprocessing the data set, thereby improving the accuracy of model training.

[0099] The UE may report the QI based on the configuration / instructions / specifications.

[0100] In addition, in order to have a common understanding between the NW and the UE regarding the quality of the correct answer to be reported, it is preferable to specify the UE operation related to the generation / derivation of the QI.

[0101] The UE may generate / derive the QI according to / based on at least one of the following embodiments 1-1 to 1-3.

[0102] <<Embodiment 1-1>> The UE may quantize a KPI (Key Performance Indicator) / quantization error (e.g., Squared Generalized Cosine Similarity (SGCS) / Mean Square Error (MSE) / Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE)) between a target precoding matrix (PM) and the PM indicated by the reported PMI.

[0103] The UE may derive the QI by this quantization.

[0104] In this disclosure, target PM may refer to a matrix derived by the UE based on measurements of configured resources.

[0105] The UE may perform the quantization based on a specified / configured quantization level or one or more correspondences (tables) of quantization levels.

[0106] The quantization levels may be based on / dependent on, for example, the CQI, in other words, the correspondences may be defined separately based on / dependent on the CQI.

[0107] 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between a QI and a quantization error according to embodiment 1-1. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, one correspondence relationship between a value (range) of SGCS / NMSE as a quantization error and a QI is illustrated. The SGCS / NMSE illustrated in FIG. 2 may be the SGCS / NMSE between a target PM and a PM indicated by a reported PMI. The correspondence relationship illustrated in FIG. 2 is a correspondence relationship between the quantization levels of the SGCS / NMSE, and may be specified in a specification or configured for a UE.

[0108] The UE derives the QI from the SGCS / NMSE value based on the correspondence relationship.

[0109] 3A and 3B are diagrams showing another example of the correspondence relationship between the QI and the quantization error according to embodiment 1-1. In the example shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, two correspondence relationships are shown between the QI and the value (range) of the SGCS / NMSE as the quantization error. Each of the two correspondence relationships may be defined / set based on the magnitude relationship between the CQI and a threshold value related to the CQI.

[0110] For example, if the CQI is equal to or less than a threshold value for the CQI (CQI-thres), the UE may derive the QI according to the correspondence relationship shown in Fig. 3A. Also, if the CQI is greater than the threshold value for the CQI (CQI-thres), the UE may derive the QI according to the correspondence relationship shown in Fig. 3B.

[0111] In the present disclosure, L ｉ ^(n) is L ｉ （ｎ） It may also mean:

[0112] <<Embodiment 1-2>> The UE may derive the QI based on both the KPI / quantization error (e.g., SGCS / MSE / NMSE) between the target PM and the PM indicated by the reported PMI, and the CSI (e.g., CQI / SINR) measured in the configured resource.

[0113] For example, the QI may be derived by the following formula: QI = min(0, CQI-F(SGCS / MSE / NMSE))

[0114] In the present disclosure, F(x) may be any function with x as a variable.

[0115] For example, when SGCS is a first value (e.g., 1), F(SGCS) may be 0. For example, when SGCS is a second value (e.g., a value that satisfies a second range (e.g., greater than or equal to 0.9 and less than 1)), F(SGCS) may be 1. For example, when SGCS is a third value (e.g., a value that satisfies a third range (e.g., greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than 0.9)), F(SGCS) may be 2.

[0116] Alternatively, the QI may be further derived based on a specific offset value. For example, the QI may be derived using the following formula: QI = min(0, F(SGCS / MSE / NMSE)+CSI-offset).

[0117] Here, "offset" may be a specific offset value or may be a specified / set / instructed value.

[0118] Also, for example, the QI may be derived using the following formula: QI = F(SGCS / MSE / NMSE, SINR)

[0119] In the present disclosure, F(x, y) may be any function with x and y as variables.

[0120] In addition, the functions exemplified in embodiments 1-2 may be predefined in the specifications, may be set using RRC signaling, may be determined based on a report of UE capabilities, or may be determined based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0121] <<Embodiment 1-3>> The UE may derive / generate a QI as an offset value for the reported CQI.

[0122] The offset value may be defined, for example, as the difference between the CQI derived based on the target PM and the CQI derived based on the PM indicated by the reported PMI.

[0123] According to the first embodiment, the QI can be appropriately derived.

[0124] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to sampling of the QI in the time domain.

[0125] The UE may report QIs of CSI / PMI corresponding to multiple time instances.

[0126] In this disclosure, a CSI / PMI QI corresponding to multiple time instances may be referred to as a time-domain (TD-) QI. A TD-QI may be a QI corresponding to multiple time instances.

[0127] The UE may determine / select / report one or more QIs of the CSI / PMI corresponding to a particular time instance among the multiple time instances. The UE may determine / select / report one or more QIs corresponding to a particular time instance among the multiple time instances.

[0128] The particular time instance may be, for example, the first / last / set / indicated / specified time instance.

[0129] Also, for example, the UE may report at least one of a QI of one of the CSI / PMIs corresponding to a particular time instance among the multiple time instances and an offset value for the QI reported for the other (e.g., remaining / configured / indicated / specified) time instances.

[0130] The offset value may be quantized based on, for example, a specified / set quantization level or a correspondence (table) of quantization levels.

[0131] Also, for example, the UE may report at least one of a QI of a CSI / PMI corresponding to a particular time instance among the multiple time instances and an offset value for the QI (or one of the reported QIs) reported for other (e.g., remaining / configured / indicated / specified) time instances.

[0132] Here, the QI of the CSI / PMI corresponding to a specific time instance among the multiple time instances may be, for example, a QI obtained by averaging the QIs of the CSI / PMI corresponding to the multiple specific time instances, or may be the maximum / minimum QI of the QIs of the CSI / PMI corresponding to the multiple specific time instances, or may be a QI based on a combination of these.

[0133] The offset value may be quantized based on, for example, a specified / set quantization level or a correspondence (table) of quantization levels.

[0134] If the maximum / minimum QI is reported, the index of the time instance corresponding to the maximum / minimum QI may be reported.

[0135] According to the second embodiment described above, even when there are QIs of CSI / PMI corresponding to a plurality of time instances, it is possible to appropriately determine / sample the QI to be reported.

[0136] Third Embodiment The third embodiment relates to filtering related to reporting of correct answers (CSI) based on QI / CQI.

[0137] The UE may report [only] ground truth answers that meet certain conditions.

[0138] For example, the UE may perform CSI reporting based on one or more conditions based on [TD-]QI / [TD-]CQI.

[0139] The condition may be, for example, a condition regarding a threshold value for QI / CQI.

[0140] The thresholds for QI / CQI may be pre-specified, configured / indicated, determined based on UE capability reports, or based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0141] If the condition is not met, the UE may decide not to report CSI / CSI Part 1 / CSI Part 2.

[0142] Note that in this disclosure, CSI Part 1 may refer to a portion of CSI with a fixed number of payloads / bits, and CSI Part 2 may refer to a portion of CSI with a variable number of payloads / bits (based on specific information / fields indicated by CSI Part 1).

[0143] The condition may be, for example, when at least one of the QI and the CQI is greater than (or greater than or equal to / less than / less than) at least one of a threshold value for the QI and a threshold value for the CQI.

[0144] The condition may be, for example, when the QI is greater than (or greater than or equal to / less than / less than) a threshold value for the QI.

[0145] The condition may be, for example, when the CQI is greater than (or greater than / less than / less than) at least one of thresholds related to the CQI.

[0146] The condition may be, for example, when the QI is greater than (or greater than / less than / less than) a threshold value for the QI, and when the CQI is greater than (or greater than / less than / less than) at least one of the threshold values ​​for the CQI.

[0147] The QI threshold and / or the CQI threshold may be pre-specified, configured / indicated, determined based on UE capability reports, or based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0148] (In the case of a CSI report corresponding to multiple time instances) it may be determined whether the average / max / min QI / CQI for the multiple time instances meets the condition.

[0149] (In the case of a CSI report corresponding to multiple time instances) it may be determined whether multiple QI / CQIs for the multiple time instances satisfy the condition.

[0150] The CSI payload design related to this embodiment will be described in detail in the fourth embodiment below.

[0151] According to the third embodiment described above, by filtering CSI reports based on specific conditions, it is possible to achieve more accurate performance monitoring / model training.

[0152] Fourth Embodiment The fourth embodiment relates to the design of a CSI payload / part for reporting QI.

[0153] <<Embodiment 4-1>> <<<Embodiment 4-1-1>>> The UE may report a QI in CSI Part 1 if a CQI is not reported based on configuration / instruction.

[0154] The UE may not assume / expect both QI and CQI reporting to be configured at the same time.

[0155] <<<Embodiment 4-1-2>>> The UE may receive configuration / instruction for reporting both QI and CQI.

[0156] The UE may send both QI and CQI reports using different CSI parts.

[0157] For example, the UE may report a QI using CSI Part 1 (or Part 2) and a CQI using CSI Part 2 (or Part 1) based on the configuration / instruction.

[0158] <<<<Embodiment 4-1-3>>> The UE may update the format of the existing CSI (for example, defined up to Rel. 18) and report the QI using CSI Part 1.

[0159] For example, the UE may update certain bits / fields in the existing CSI (eg, as defined up to Rel. 18) and report the QI using CSI Part 1.

[0160] For example, the specific bit field may be at least one of a field for the number of non-zero wideband amplitude coefficients for each layer and a field for the overall number of non-zero amplitude coefficients across multiple layers. Hereinafter, the specific bit field may be referred to as a field for the number of non-zero amplitude coefficients.

[0161] For example, the UE may report the QI by reducing the number of bits of a specific bit / field in the existing CSI (e.g., defined up to Rel. 18) by a specific number (e.g., 3 bits).The UE may report the number of non-zero amplitude coefficients (field) by using the bit length reduced by the bit length of the QI.

[0162] For example, the UE may set a specific value (e.g., 2 ｂ ) ), the UE may report the number of non-zero amplitude coefficients that can be divided by b (b digits). In this case, the UE may not report the b least significant bits of the number of non-zero amplitude coefficients. The number of non-zero amplitude coefficients may be limited to a specific value (e.g., 2 ｂ ), so the least significant bits of the b bits (b digits) of the number are 0.

[0163] 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI design according to embodiment 4-1-3. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4A, the number of bits in the field for the number of non-zero wideband amplitude coefficients for each layer in CSI Part 1 is reduced by 3, and the reduced 3 bits are used to report the QI.

[0164] <<Embodiment 4-2>> In embodiment 4-2, reporting of CSI (for example, CSI part 2) may be omitted.

[0165] The UE may report the QI in CSI Part 1 (or Part 2).

[0166] For example, the UE may report a QI in CSI Part 1 without reporting a CQI.

[0167] <<<Embodiment 4-2-1>>> A UE may report a CSI part (for example, CSI Part 0 / Part 3) indicating whether or not at least one of CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2 is reported.

[0168] For example, CSI Part 0 / Part 3 may be defined as a specific number of bits (e.g., 1 bit).

[0169] When CSI Part 0 / Part 3 indicates a first value (e.g., 0 (or 1)), both CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2 may not be reported (may be omitted).

[0170] When CSI Part 0 / Part 3 indicates a second value (e.g., 1 (or 0)), both CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2 may be reported (and may not be omitted).

[0171] Also, for example, CSI Part 0 / Part 3 may be defined as a specific number of bits (for example, 2 bits).

[0172] When CSI Part 0 / Part 3 indicates a first value (e.g., 00), both CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2 may not be reported (may be omitted).

[0173] When CSI Part 0 / Part 3 indicates a second value (e.g., 01), CSI Part 1 (or Part 2) may not be reported (may be omitted).

[0174] When CSI Part 0 / Part 3 indicates a third value (e.g., 10), CSI Part 2 (or Part 1) may not be reported (may be omitted).

[0175] When CSI Part 0 / Part 3 indicates a fourth value (e.g., 11), both CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2 may be reported (and may not be omitted).

[0176] 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of CSI design according to embodiment 4-2-1. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4B, CSI Part 0 indicates whether CSI Part 1 / Part 2 is reported. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4B, QI is reported in CSI Part 1.

[0177] <<<Embodiment 4-2-2>>> The UE may report the QI / CQI using CSI Part 1.

[0178] In this case, if the reported QI / CQI is a specific value, the UE may not report / transmit CSI Part 2.

[0179] The particular value may be, for example, a specified / set / indicated value (for example, 0 (or 1)).

[0180] The particular value may be, for example, a value that falls within a range / set of specified / configured / indicated values.

[0181] For example, if the UE reports that the QI / CQI is a specific value that is configured / specified, or is lower (or higher) than a specific threshold, the UE may not need to report / transmit CSI Part 2.

[0182] <<<<Embodiment 4-2-3>>> The UE may report a specific bit / field in existing CSI (e.g., defined up to Rel. 18) as a specific value (e.g., 0), or may not report CSI Part 2.

[0183] For example, the specific bit field may be at least one of a field for the number of non-zero wideband amplitude coefficients for each layer and a field for the overall number of non-zero amplitude coefficients across multiple layers.

[0184] If the reported QI does not meet a particular condition, the UE may report the particular bit / field as a particular value (e.g., 0).

[0185] <<<Embodiment 4-2-4>>> The UE may report the QI / CQI using CSI Part 1.

[0186] In this case, the UE may report a combination of at least two values ​​of QI, RI and CQI, and may not report CSI Part 2.

[0187] The combination may be, for example, at least one of RI and QI, RI and CQI, QI and CQI, or RI, QI and CQI.

[0188] 4C is a diagram showing an example of CSI design according to embodiments 4-2-2, 4-2-3, and 4-2-4. In the example shown in FIG. 4C, in embodiment 4-2-2, when QI indicates a specific value (for example, 0), CSI part 2 does not need to be reported.

[0189] Also, in the example shown in FIG. 4C, in embodiment 4-2-3, if the field for the number of non-zero wideband amplitude coefficients for each layer indicates a specific value (e.g., 0), CSI Part 2 does not need to be reported.

[0190] Also, in the example shown in Figure 4C, in embodiment 4-2-4, for example, if the combination of RI and QI values ​​indicates a specific value (for example, RI = 4, QI = 0), CSI part 2 does not need to be reported.

[0191] According to the fourth embodiment, it is possible to appropriately design the CSI for reporting the QI.

[0192] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0193] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may be an existing MAC CE with a new octet introduced.

[0194] When the notification is performed by a DCI, the notification may be performed by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0195] In addition, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or the gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or the gNB).

[0196] In the above embodiment, the UE may receive information of at least one of the following QCL rules from the NW: QCL Type A, QCL Type B, QCL Type C, and QCL Type D.

[0197] In the above-described embodiment, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs: SSB CSI-RS with / without repetition TRS DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH

[0198] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by the following methods: Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific; Cell-specific or common to multiple cells; Per UE / per CC / per BWP / per band / per cell / per cell group (CG).

[0199] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LPP message), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0200] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE by introducing a new octet.

[0201] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0202] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or the gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or the gNB).

[0203] <<Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS. - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported. - The application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0204] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting the specific process / action / control / assumption / information Capability of each embodiment Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment.

[0205] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0206] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0207] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0208] The information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of several of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: - The information is configured by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs; - The information is determined by one or more related higher layer parameters / RRC IEs; - The information is indicated by a MAC CE / DCI; - The information is based on one or more UE capabilities; - The information is described / defined in a specification; - The information is based on conditions described / defined in a specification; - The information is determined by a combination of several of the above information. For example, the information is determined by the configuration / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCI and reported by UE capabilities.

[0209] The above embodiments / options / choices may be combined into one embodiment / option / choice.

[0210] In the above embodiments, the RS to be measured may be a QCL source RS in an active / indicated / unified TCI state.

[0211] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having a controller that derives a quality index (QI) indicating a difference between actual channel state information (CSI) and reported CSI, and a transmitter that transmits a CSI report including the QI. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the controller transmits the CSI report including a QI corresponding to a specific time instance among a plurality of time instances. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the QI is a QI that satisfies a specific condition. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the QI is transmitted using a portion of CSI having a fixed number of bits.

[0212] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0213] 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0214] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0215] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0216] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0217] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0218] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0219] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0220] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0221] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0222] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0223] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0224] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0225] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0226] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0227] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0228] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0229] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0230] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0231] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0232] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0233] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0234] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0235] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0236] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0237] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0238] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0239] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0240] (Base Station) Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0241] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0242] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0243] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0244] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0245] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0246] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0247] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0248] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0249] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0250] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0251] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0252] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0253] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0254] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0255] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0256] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0257] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0258] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0259] The control unit 110 may instruct reporting of a quality index (QI) indicating a difference between actual channel state information (CSI) and the reported CSI, and the transceiver unit 120 may receive a CSI report including the QI (first embodiment).

[0260] (User Terminal) Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0261] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0262] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0263] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0264] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0265] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0266] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0267] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0268] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0269] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0270] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0271] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0272] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0273] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0274] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0275] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0276] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0277] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0278] The control unit 210 may derive a quality index (QI) indicating the difference between the actual channel state information (CSI) and the reported CSI, and the transceiver unit 220 may transmit a CSI report including the QI (first embodiment).

[0279] The control unit 210 may transmit the CSI report including a QI corresponding to a specific time instance among a plurality of time instances (second embodiment).

[0280] The QI may be a QI that satisfies a specific condition (third embodiment).

[0281] The QI may be transmitted using a portion of the CSI with a fixed number of bits (fourth embodiment).

[0282] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0283] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0284] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0285] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0286] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0287] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0288] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0289] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0290] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0291] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0292] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0293] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0294] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0295] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0296] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0297] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0298] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0299] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0300] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0301] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0302] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0303] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0304] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0305] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0306] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0307] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0308] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0309] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0310] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0311] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0312] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0313] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0314] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0315] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0316] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0317] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0318] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0319] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0320] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0321] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0322] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0323] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0324] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0325] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0326] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0327] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0328] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0329] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0330] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0331] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0332] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0333] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0334] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0335] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0336] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0337] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0338] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0339] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0340] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0341] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0342] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0343] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0344] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0345] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0346] 9 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0347] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0348] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0349] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0350] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0351] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0352] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0353] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0354] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0355] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0356] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0357] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0358] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0359] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0360] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0361] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0362] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0363] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0364] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0365] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0366] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0367] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0368] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0369] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0370] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0371] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0372] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0373] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0374] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0375] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0376] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0377] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0378] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0379] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0380] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

a control unit for deriving a quality index (QI) indicative of the difference between actual channel state information (CSI) and the reported CSI; a transmitter for transmitting a CSI report including the QI. 　 The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the controller transmits the CSI report including a QI corresponding to a specific time instance among a plurality of time instances. 　 The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the QI is a QI that satisfies a specific condition. 　 The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the QI is transmitted using a portion of CSI having a fixed number of bits. 　 deriving a quality index (QI) indicative of the difference between actual channel state information (CSI) and the reported CSI; A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the step of transmitting a CSI report including the QI. 　 a control unit for instructing reporting of a quality index (QI) indicating a difference between actual channel state information (CSI) and a reported CSI; a receiver for receiving a CSI report including the QI.

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