Techniques for probabilistic shaping using peeling-based arithmetic coding
Peeling-based arithmetic coding addresses computational complexity in probabilistic shaping, achieving reduced processing time and resource consumption in wireless communication.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Calculating transition probability kernels for probabilistic shaping in wireless communication is computationally complex, leading to increased processing time, resource consumption, and energy consumption.
Implement peeling-based arithmetic coding to determine sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage, reducing computational complexity.
Reduces processing time, resource consumption, and energy consumption in probabilistic shaping by using peeling-based arithmetic coding.
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Figure CN2024120948_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNIQUES FOR PROBABILISTIC SHAPING USING PEELING-BASED ARITHMETIC CODING
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for probabilistic shaping using peeling-based arithmetic coding.
[0003] DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0005] These multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0006] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication, includes one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to receive a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; and transmit an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, wherein the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0007] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication, includes one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and transmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0008] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a UE includes receiving a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; and transmitting an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, wherein the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0009] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by transmitter includes determining, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and transmitting an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0010] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; and transmit an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, wherein the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0011] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a transmitter, cause the transmitter to: determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and transmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0012] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; and means for transmitting an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, wherein the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0013] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for determining, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; means for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and means for transmitting an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0014] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0015] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0017] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network.
[0019] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of shaping gain over an additive white Gaussian noise channel, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Tx chain and an Rx chain in a per-dimension probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of fixed-to-fixed distribution matching in a PAS transmission architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with probabilistic shaping, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with probabilistic shaping using peeling-based arithmetic coding, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with composition element selection, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a transmitter or an apparatus of a transmitter, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0031] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0032] Probabilistic shaping is a wireless communication technique to modify a probability distribution of transmitted symbols within a signal constellation. Probabilistic shaping may include adjusting a likelihood of specific symbols being transmitted based on a predefined probability distribution rather than transmitting all symbols with equal probability. A network may use probabilistic shaping to improve network efficiency. Probabilistic shaping may involve the application of shaping codes, which may be used to assign different probabilities to the symbols according to a desired distribution, which can reduce the likelihood of symbols with higher energy levels being transmitted and potentially reduce the average signal power. The probabilistic shaping technique may be performed by an encoder that maps input data to specific output symbols according to the shaping codes. Additionally, a decoder may be used to reverse the probabilistic shaping applied.
[0033] Transition probability refers to a likelihood of transitioning between different probabilistic shaping states. Transition probability may be calculated using a transition probability kernel, which represents the probabilities of transitioning from one state to another within a defined state space. The transition probability kernel may be represented as a matrix, where each element of the matrix may correspond to the probability of transitioning from a specific state to a subsequent state. The states may be associated with different signal symbols or codewords that may be transmitted or received in the wireless communication system. The calculation of the transition probability kernel may involve evaluating a series of conditional probabilities that may be based on a stochastic process or a statistical model. The conditional probabilities may reflect dependencies between different states within the probabilistic system. The transition probability kernel may be generated by an algorithm or mathematical function that may take into account various factors, such as symbol probabilities, channel conditions, modulation schemes, or other system-level parameters. The transition probability kernel may be used by an encoder or modulator to determine the likelihood of transmitting specific symbols within a signal constellation, and the transition probability kernel may be updated or adjusted dynamically based on system requirements.
[0034] Peeling-based arithmetic coding is a technique that can be used in probabilistic shaping to encode and decode a sequence of data symbols with a high degree of compression efficiency. Peeling-based arithmetic coding may involve representing a sequence of symbols by mapping the sequence to a corresponding range of real numbers within the interval [0, 1) and refining a range of possible values for the encoded sequence as additional symbols are processed, resulting in a single value that may represent the entire sequence.
[0035] Calculating transition probability kernels may be computationally complex, particularly with respect to a size of a state space, a number of potential transitions between states, a dimensionality of a transition probability matrix, and a statistical model or algorithm used to compute the transition probabilities. The computational complexity of calculating the transition probability kernels may result in increased processing time, high resource consumption, increased energy consumption, and / or a combination thereof, among other examples.
[0036] Various aspects relate generally to probabilistic shaping. Some aspects more specifically relate to probabilistic shaping using a peeling-based arithmetic coding. In some aspects, the peeling-based arithmetic coding may involve determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage. In some aspects, the peeling-based arithmetic coding may involve generating the sequence, during the sequence generating stage, in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition elements stage. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a probabilistic shaping configuration that includes a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, and transmit an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration.
[0037] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by using peeling-based arithmetic coding, the described techniques can be used to reduce the computational complexity of the probabilistic shaping technique performed by the UE. By reducing the computational complexity, the UE can perform probabilistic shaping with lower processing time, lower resource consumption, and reduced energy consumption.
[0038] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0039] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0040] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0041] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0042] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0043] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0044] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0045] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0046] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0047] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0048] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or a NTN network node) .
[0049] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0050] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0051] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0052] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0053] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0054] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0055] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0056] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0057] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0058] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0059] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0060] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0061] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0062] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; and transmit an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding may include a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, and the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage may include a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. Additionally, or alternatively, as described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and transmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The sequence may be generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0063] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and transmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The sequence may be generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0064] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0065] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network.
[0066] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0067] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0068] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0069] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0070] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0071] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0072] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0073] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0074] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0075] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0076] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0077] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0078] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0079] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0080] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0081] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0082] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0083] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0084] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0085] In some aspects, the controller / processor 280 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or a series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the UE 120) . For example, a processing system of the UE 120 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the UE 120.
[0086] The processing system of the UE 120 may interface with one or more other components of the UE 120, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the UE 120 may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the UE 120 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the UE 120 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit, or provide information.
[0087] In some aspects, the controller / processor 240 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or a series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the network node 110) . For example, a processing system of the network node 110 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the network node 110.
[0088] The processing system of the network node 110 may interface with one or more other components of the network node 110, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the network node 110 may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the network node 110 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the network node 110 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit, or provide information.
[0089] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0090] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0091] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0092] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0093] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0094] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0095] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0096] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with probabilistic shaping using peeling-based arithmetic coding, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) (or combinations of components) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 600 of Fig. 6, process 700 of Fig. 7, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . In some aspects, the transmitter described herein is the network node 110, included in the network node 110, or includes one or more components of the network node 110 shown in Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmitter described herein is the UE 120, is included in the UE 120, or includes one or more components of the UE 120 shown in Fig. 2. The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 600 of Fig. 6, process 700 of Fig. 7, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0097] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; and / or means for transmitting an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, and the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for determining, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; means for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and / or means for transmitting an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0098] In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for determining, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; means for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and / or means for transmitting an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. The means for the network node 110 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0099] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of shaping gain over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel in accordance with the present disclosure. In some wireless communications, high-order modulation may be combined with binary forward-error-correction (FEC) to achieve a high spectral efficiency for mobile data transmission. When higher-order coded modulation is used, a transmitter device may encode information bits using fixed constellation points. For example, fixed constellation points may be used with QAM-16, QAM-64, QAM-256, or other coded modulation schemes. As shown in Figure 5, the coded modulation scheme usually endows a uniform distribution 505 over per-dimension constellations (shown for an amplitude shift keying (ASK) constellation with 8 points, or ASK-8) , where the fixed constellation points each have an equal probability of being used to encode information bits. However, the information rate associated with uniform constellation signaling may lead to a shaping gap relative to a channel capacity (or “Shannon capacity” ) . The shaping gap may represent a difference between a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve a given rate with a given MCS and an SNR at which an optimal capacity-achieving scheme could operate, also known as the Shannon capacity or “Shannon limit” . Referring to Fig. 5 example 410 illustrates the relationship between an SNR and an information rate (bits / channel use) when uniform constellation signaling is used. In particular, for uniform ASK-4 through uniform ASK-32 over AWGN channels, uniform constellation signaling can lead to a shaping gap 515 relative to AWGN capacity, resulting in an SNR loss that can asymptotically approach πe / 6 ≈ 1.53 decibels (dB) .
[0100] Accordingly, in some cases, a transmitter may use probabilistic shaping to generate a target non-uniform distribution on equidistant constellation points and thereby achieve a shaping gain relative to constellations with a uniform distribution. For example, Figure 5 illustrates an example non-uniform distribution 520 for ASK-8, where inner constellation points associated with a lower energy and / or a lower power are used more frequently than outer constellation points associated with a higher energy and / or a higher power. In some cases, the non-uniform distribution may have a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) probability distribution, where PMB (x) is a probability of a constellation point x, v is a non-negative real number, Zv is a normalizing parameter, and x∈ {±1, ±3, …, ± (2M-1) } . As shown by example 525, over the AWGN channel, the mutual information obtained by optimizing the non-uniform MB distribution exhibits negligible difference from the capacity-achieving input distribution over ASK constellations (for example, an MB distribution exhibits an approximately 1.243 dB shaping gain at an ASK-32 modulation) .
[0101] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Tx chain 500 and an example of an Rx chain 500' in a per-dimension PAS architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, one or more components of Tx chain 500 may be implemented in transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modem 254, controller / processor 280, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, and / or controller / processor 240, as described above in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, Tx chain 500 may be implemented in a UE 120 for transmitting data (for example, uplink data, an uplink reference signal, and / or uplink control information to a network node 110 on an uplink channel and / or sidelink data, a sidelink reference signal, and / or sidelink control information to another UE 120 on a sidelink channel) . Additionally or alternatively, Tx chain 500 may be implemented in a network node 110 for transmitting data (for example, downlink data, a downlink reference signal, and / or downlink control information to a UE 120 on a downlink channel) .
[0102] As shown in Fig. 5, the Tx chain 500 includes a demultiplexer 510, a distribution matching component 520, an amplitude-to-bit mapping component 530, a systematic FEC encoding component 540, a bit-to-amplitude mapping component 550, and a sign mapping component 555. In some aspects, the Tx chain 500 may be used ASK modulation with ASK constellations having a modulation order 2M. For example, as described herein, an ASK constellation for the modulation order 2M may include a set of constellation points {±1, ±3, …, ± (2M-1) } . In some aspects, the Tx chain 500 may have a transmission rate Rc=Rdm+γ, where Rdm represents a rate of the distribution matching component 520 and γ represents a set of parity bits that are added to k information bits that are to be encoded.
[0103] In some aspects, an ASK constellation may be associated with an amplitude alphabet The amplitude alphabet may include a set of possible constellation points (for example, without a sign) from which the set of constellation points is generated. For example, an amplitude alphabet of size m > 1 may be configured for the Tx chain 500, with each element of being referred to as a symbol. may be constrained such that each element is ordered within (for example, a1<a2<…<am for any ai) . A symbol may have an energy E (ai) for each i within the alphabet where symbol energies are non-negative and mutually distinct. Based on the aforementioned constraint, symbol energies are ordered in correspondence with the ordering of symbols within such that 0≤E (ai) <E (ai+1) . For a 2M-ary ASK constellation, where corresponds to the 2M-ary constellation. In this example, ai=2i-1 so that a1=1, a2=3, …, am=2M-1, and so that, for each i, the energy E (ai) = (2i-1) 2 of symbol ai, in a first example, or in a second example. In these two examples, the second example is a rescaling of the (2i-1) 2 term in the first example.
[0104] For the alphabet of size m with a symbol sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) of length n, each element of s is selected from Accordingly, for the 2M-ary ASK constellation with M=3 (corresponding to ASK-8) , m=4 and and an example symbol sequence (5, 1, 1, 3, 5, 7) with length n=6 can be configured. As described herein, a sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) has a composition k (s) = (k1 (s) , k2 (s) , …, km (s) ) , where ki (s) is the number of times that occurs in the sequence s. For example, for ASK-4 or QAM-16, where m=2 and s=(1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3) is an example sequence of length n=6. In this example sequence, the symbol 1 occurs 4 times, such that k1 (s) =4, and the symbol 3 occurs two times, such that k2 (s) =4. Accordingly, as described herein the composition k (s) for the sequence s= (1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3) is (4, 2) .
[0105] As shown in Fig. 5, the demultiplexer 510 may receive a set of uniform bits to be transmitted, and may provide an information string that includes k bits to the distribution matching component 520, where k is a uniform input bit length for the distribution matching component 520. The distribution matching component 520 may receive the k information bits and map the k information bits to n non-uniform amplitude symbols, such that the distribution matching component 520 has a rate Rdm= k / n. In some examples, the distribution matching component 520 maps the information bits to the non-uniform amplitude symbols to induce a non-uniform distribution over the amplitude symbols. As described herein, shaping amounts to selecting a suitable collection of candidate amplitude sequences and encoding information in an invertible manner. The non-uniform distribution induced by the distribution matching component 520 may be closer to a capacity-achieving input distribution than is achieved by a uniform distribution. For example, the non-uniform distribution induced by the distribution matching component 520 (for example, an MB distribution) is more Gaussian-like in the AWGN setting.
[0106] As further shown in Fig. 5, the n non-uniform amplitude symbols may be passed from the distribution matching component 520 to the amplitude-to-bit mapping component 530, which may map the n amplitude symbols to a set of n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits. The n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits may be passed from the amplitude-to-bit mapping component 530 to the systematic FEC encoding component 540. In addition, the demultiplexer 510 may pass γn uniform bits (for example, FEC bits) to the systematic FEC encoding component 540 for FEC encoding. Accordingly, the systematic FEC encoding component 540 receives n (M-1+γ) bits as an input with a rate of Rc= (M-1+γ) / M. The systematic FEC encoding component 540 may generate a set of n (1 –γ) parity bits at the rate Rc. The systematic FEC encoding component 540 may pass n (M-1) non-uniform systematic bits to the bit-amplitude mapping component 550 and may pass the n (1 –γ) parity bits and the γn uniform bits to the sign mapping component 555. The bit-amplitude mapping component 550 may generate n non-uniform amplitude symbols from the n (M-1) non-uniform systematic bits, and the sign mapping component 655 may generate n sign bits from the n (1 –γ) parity bits and the γn uniform bits. For example, the sign mapping component 555 generates a sign bit “1” for a bit “0” and a sign bit “-1” for a bit “1” . The Tx chain 500 may then perform pointwise multiplication to combine the nnon-uniform amplitude symbols with the n sign bits to generate a non-uniform constellation that includes n constellation points. The Tx chain 500 may then transmit (for example, via an antenna) a signal that conveys the non-uniform constellation over a wireless channel, and the signal may be received at the Rx chain 500'.
[0107] As shown in Fig. 5, the Rx chain 500' includes a multiplexer 510', a distribution dematching component 520', a bit-amplitude mapping component 530', a systematic FEC decoding component 540', and a bit-wise log likelihood ratio (LLR) demapping component 550'. In some aspects, one or more components of the Rx chain 500' may be implemented in in receive processor 258, MIMO detector 256, modem 254, controller / processor 280, receive processor 238, MIMO detector 236, modem 232, and / or controller / processor 240, as described above in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the Rx chain 500' may be implemented in a UE 120 for receiving data (for example, downlink data, a downlink reference signal, and / or downlink control information from a network node 110 on a downlink channel) . Additionally or alternatively, the Rx chain 500' may be implemented in a network node 110 for receiving data (for example, uplink data, an uplink reference signal, and / or uplink control information from a UE 120 on an uplink channel) .
[0108] As shown in Fig. 5, the Rx chain 500' may receive a wireless signal that conveys a non-uniform constellation, and may process the received constellation to recover the information bits that were encoded and transmitted by the Tx chain 500. For example, as shown in Fig. 5, the bit-wise LLR demapping component 550' may perform a demapping of the received constellation to obtain n (M-1) LLRs estimating n (M-1) non-uniform systematic bits, n (1-γ) LLRs estimating n (1-γ) parity bits, and γn LLRs estimating γn uniform bits, which may be passed to the systematic FEC decoding component 540'. As further shown in Fig. 5, the systematic FEC decoding component 540' may estimate n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits and γn uniform bits from the LLRs provided by the bit-wise LLR demapping component 550', may pass the n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits to the bit-amplitude mapping component 530', and may pass the γn uniform bits to the multiplexer 510'. The bit-amplitude mapping component 530' may estimate n amplitudes from the n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits, and may pass the n amplitudes to the distribution dematching component 520'. Accordingly, the distribution dematching component 520' may estimate k bits from the n amplitudes , and the k estimated bits may be multiplexed with the γn estimated uniform bits to recover the original information bits.
[0109] The architecture of the Tx chain 500, discussed above, is provided as an example. The peeling-based arithmetic coding discussed below may be applicable to the example Tx chain 500 above or to other Tx chain architectures.
[0110] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of fixed-to-fixed distribution matching in a PAS transmission architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. As described herein, the DM component is a key component in a PAS transmission architecture, and is generally configured to transform sequences of uniform bits to sequences of per-dimension amplitudes, aiming at inducing a target probability distribution over an underlying amplitude alphabet However, the transformation from uniform bits to per-dimension amplitudes needs to be invertible such that the input (for example, the uniform bits) can be correctly reconstructed given the output (for example, the per-dimension amplitudes) . Accordingly, in some cases, a DM component in a PAS transmission architecture may perform fixed-to-fixed DM 605, which imposes deterministic lengths for input and output sequences. For example, as shown in Fig. 6, an input sequence u= (u1, u2, …, uk) received at the DM component has a length k, where ui∈ {0, 1} , and an output sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) generated by the DM component has a length n, where In such examples, when the DM component performs fixed-to-fixed DM, the length of the input sequence, k, and the length of the output sequence, n, are deterministic quantities. In one example 610, given an ASK-8 amplitude alphabet the target probability distribution over the underlying amplitude alphabet may be defined as In such an example, where the DM component generates an output sequence s with a length n=100, the symbol 1 would be expected to occur 50 times, the symbol 3 would be expected to occur 25 times, the symbol 5 would be expected to occur 15 times, and the symbol 7 would be expected to occur 10 times. In some aspects, the peeling-based arithmetic coding, which is discussed in greater detail below, may be applied by (or used at ) the DM 605.
[0111] Accordingly, in some examples, a DM component may be designed to perform low-complexity and invertible fixed-to-fixed DM, with a rate k / n that is close to entropy bits per symbol (for example, the output is close to independent and identically distributed in accordance with the target probability distribution ) . In some examples, the DM component may perform fixed-to-fixed DM in accordance with CCDM techniques, where all length-n symbol sequences have a target composition where for the target probability distribution over In such examples, the set of length-n symbol sequences having the target composition k* is denoted s {k=k*} n, a sequence having the constant (or fixed) composition k* satisfies the constraint and the total quantity of sequences in s {k=k*} n is given by the multinomial coefficient:
[0112] Accordingly, sequences with a constant composition may be considered suitable output candidates in a PAS architecture, because such sequences represent a collection of typical realizations in accordance with the independent and identical distribution provide a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies the target probability distribution and are efficiently realized using arithmetic coding methods. However, arithmetic coding techniques used for CCDM pose various challenges, including rate loss and increased latency. For example, although an empirical symbol-wise marginal distribution induced by CCDM is close to the target probability distribution for an underlying amplitude alphabet, the joint distribution induced by CCDM tends to vary from the corresponding independent and identical distribution for As a result, the DM rate is away from entropy which causes a large rate loss that is typically mitigated using very long sequence lengths. However, CCDM encoding and decoding are essentially implemented only in serial, due to the serial nature of the underlying arithmetic coding methods. Accordingly, when CCDM is implemented with very long block lengths or sequence lengths, using serial CCDM encoding and decoding techniques may increase encoding and decoding latency and thereby degrade performance for latency-stringent applications.
[0113] In some aspects, an encoder may configure an alphabet based on (e.g., MCS signaling) and is aligned between a transmitter and receiver for transmission. For example, consider sequences of symbols from an alphabet of size m. Each element of the alphabet is referred to as a symbol. For i∈ {1, 2, …, m} , symbol ai has energy, or weight, E (ai) , and symbol energies, or symbol weights, are nonnegative and take mutually distinct values. For an example associated with ASK-8, or QAM-64 (m=4, ) , E (1) =0, E (3) =1, E (5) =3, and E (7) =6. In some aspects, a sequence over the alphabet (which may be used as a proxy for a sequence of symbols from the alphabet) may be an ordered tuple of elements, and each element of the sequence may be from the alphabet (i.e., each element of the sequence is an element of the alphabet) . In some aspects, when the alphabet is clear from context, a sequence, or a symbol sequence, may be a proxy for a sequence over the alphabet. Accordingly, a sequence may depend on the underlying alphabet. In some aspects, the length of a sequence may be the total number of elements of the sequence. For example, a sequence s= (1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7) over the alphabet {1, 3, 5, 7} may have length equal to 10. In some aspects, a composition of a sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) over may be k (s) =(k1 (s) , k2 (s) , …, km (s) ) where ki (s) is the number of occurrences of in the sequence s. In some aspects, the energy of a sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) over may be which is an accumulation of symbol energies along the sequence s.
[0114] In some aspects, encoding may be based on a clustered set of alphabets satisfying one or more sets inclusion properties. In some aspects, peeling-based arithmetic coding may involve a family of alphabets If be an alphabet with an alphabet size an ordering <may be imposed on such that ai<ai+1 for any i.e., For an integer m between 1 and may be a subset of consisting of symbol ai for all i≤m (e.g., and and ) . Accordingly, an “outer” alphabet may contain as a subset. For example involving and symbol energy, 2M-ary ASK / 22M-ary QAM: so (so may depend on a modulation order and in this case may stand for a per-dimension amplitude alphabet) ; and may be the 2M-ary ASK constellation. Additionally, at=2i-1 so a1=1, a2=3, …, Accordingly, for each i, the energy E (ai) of symbol ai may be E (ai) =(2i-1) 2. In another example, for each i, the energy E (ai) of symbol ai may be where E (ai) involves a shifted scaling of (2i-1) 2 relative to the previous example.
[0115] In some aspects, the encoder may process (e.g., approximate value of) energy-based cardinalities N (n, E) and Nc (n, E) “at n and E” . In some aspects, characteristics of sets of sequences over the alphabet may be as follows. In some aspects, when the number of sequences has a length n and an energy equal to E:
[0116] Alternatively, in some aspects, when the number of sequences has a length n and an energy less than or equal to E:
[0117] In some aspects, E. g., the alphabet may be when when m=2. When the underlying alphabet is clear from context, the superscript “. [m] . ” may be omitted, and N (n, E) and Nc (n, E) may be used as proxies, respectively. In some aspects, for a configured alphabet (size m) , N (n, E) and Nc (n, E) may be viewed as two-variable functions of n and E. For example, N (n, E) may be defined for integer values of n and E, and for non-integer values of E, N (n, E) may be obtained by an interpolation (e.g., a linear interpolation) of and minus a largest integer smaller than E and smallest integer larger than E, or linear interpolation between log2 and log2 for defining log2N (n, E) . In some aspects, Nc (n, E) may be obtained similarly.
[0118] In some aspects, the encoder may rely on the following exact N (n, E) characteristics. In some aspects, N [m] (n, E) may satisfy the following characteristic equations:
[0119] where a binomial coefficient “n choose k” (also N [2] (n, κ) ) which denotes the number of sequences of length n and energy k and the underlying symbol energies are 0 and 1, respectively. In some aspects, N [m] (n, E) is equal to 0 when n<0 or E<0. In some aspects, satisfies the following characteristic equations:
[0120] which is also a binomial coefficient “n choose k” ; N [2] (n, κ) , which denotes the number of sequences of length n and energy κ, and the underlying symbol energies are 0 and 1, respectively. In some aspects, is equal to 0 when n<0 or E<0.
[0121] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with probabilistic shaping, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 7, example 700 represents stepped performed by a transmitter during, for example, communications between a network node (e.g., network node 110) and a UE (e.g., UE 120) . In some aspects, the network node and UE may be included in a wireless network, such as wireless network 100. The network node and UE may communicate via a wireless access link, which may include an uplink and a downlink. In some aspects, the UE may include an encoder that performs probabilistic shaping and the network node may include a decoder that decodes communications (e.g., uplink communications) transmitted, by the UE, in accordance with the probabilistic shaping. Alternatively, in some aspects, the network node may include an encoder that performs probabilistic shaping and the UE may include a decoder that decodes communications (e.g., downlink communications) transmitted, by the network node, in accordance with the probabilistic shaping.
[0122] As shown by reference number 710, the encoder may perform a sequence composition determination, which may refer to determining the composition of a sequence of data symbols that may be subject to probabilistic shaping. The encoder may initiate the sequence composition determination by specifying a set of parameters, which may include a vector representing an initial sequence composition. The sequence composition determination may occur sequentially over a series of iterations, and each iteration may resolve an element of the sequence composition based on the input parameters. A final sequence composition k* may be established by completing the determination with respect to all elements of the vector. The sequence composition may be determined without precomputing candidate sequences. In some aspects, the sequence composition may be determined in accordance with an index of the sequence composition relative to a set of available candidate sequences. In some aspects, the parameters used in the sequence composition determination may include a vector x, a quantity of available candidate sequences M, a sequence length a dimensionality or sequence length (e.g., a quantity of distinct symbols used in the sequence composition) a maximum energy level and / or a combination thereof, among other examples.
[0123] In some aspects, the encoder may configure one or more initial parameters. For example, in some aspects, the encoder may configure an alphabet the target sequence length and the target maximum energy In some aspects, the encoder may determine an input amount of information parameter k. The input amount of information parameter k may be defined as follows:
[0124] In some aspects, the input amount of information parameter k may represent a largest integer such that the above equation is satisfied for both the encoder (e.g., the transmitter) and the decoder (e.g., the receiver) . In some aspects, the input amount of information parameter k may be obtained via a flooring operation such as
[0125] In some aspects, the term log2 may represent an estimate of the logarithm of the total number of sequences over the alphabet each having length and maximum energy via, for example, an algorithmic approximation. The parameter Θc may represent a backoff for unique encoding and invertible decoding, and may be a real valued function of the sequence length In some aspects, the parameter ΘC, may be defined according to In some aspects, the parameter ΘC may be defined according to
[0126] The term log2 may represent a parametrized function (e.g., a piecewise polynomial) that reduces approximation loss due to modeling inaccuracies. In some aspects, the term may further account for computational inaccuracy due to finite-precision arithmetic, in which is a pre-designed parameter.
[0127] In some aspects, the encoder may initialize an available quantity of candidate sequences M as M=2k. In some aspects, available quantity of candidate sequences M may be configured in accordance with In some aspects, the quantity of candidate sequences M may be configured such that the quantity of candidate sequences M does not exceed a total number of sequences over the alphabet where each of the candidate sequences has a length and maximum energy In some aspects, the encoder may receive a total of k information bits, and each of the information bits may be denoted by u1, u2, …, uk. In some aspects, the encoder may initialize an initial index x that represents an unsigned integer representation of the information bits u1, u2, …, uk as follows:
[0128] In some aspects, 0≤x<M. Accordingly, the initial index x is not negative and is smaller than the quantity of candidate sequences M.
[0129] As shown by reference number 720, the encoder may perform sequence generation in accordance with the sequence composition k* determined with respect to the sequence composition determination, discussed above with respect to reference number 710. In some aspects, to perform sequence generation, the encoder may generate a sequence of data symbols that corresponds to the determined sequence composition k*. In some aspects, performing the sequence generation may include performing sequence generation in accordance with an updated index. In some aspects, the updated index may be applied to map the determined sequence composition k* to a specific sequence of symbols, from the set of all sequences over with each having length and energy up to ) . In some aspects, performing the sequence generation may include assigning each element of the sequence in accordance with a previously determined sequence composition k*. Further, because the generated sequence is constrained by the parameters specified in the sequence composition determination, the generated sequence may account for parameters such as the dimensionality and the energy level
[0130] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
[0131] In some aspects, the encoder may process (e.g., evaluate or compute a value of) finite-precision numbers with limited bit-resolution. For example, with respect to an FP-K number format, let K be an integer such that K≥2, e.g., K=8. A real number z may be referred to as an FP-K number the real number z satisfies the following conditions: z can be written in the form of z=a2L; L is an integer, and satisfies Lmin≤L≤Lmax for design parameters Lmin and Lmax; and a is either 0, or is a real number satisfying 1≤a<2 and a2K-1 is a positive integer. In some aspects, the real number z may be a binary expansion of a of the form a=1. b1b2…bK-1 where the bi are the bits in the binary expression. In some aspects, an FP-K number can be written as with k1>k2>…>kd>k1-K, and the FP-K number is an integer if and only if kd≥0. For rounding operations, given a non-negative real number y, may be the largest FP-K number less than or equal to y, may be the smallest FP-K number larger than or equal to y, and may be the closest FP-K number to z (with ties rounded up) , with closeness measured by absolute difference in value.
[0132] In some aspects, the encoder may perform finite-precision addition operations with proper rounding specified. For example, let z1 and z2 be FP-K numbers for some positive integer K (e.g., K=8) . The FP-K addition with upward rounding operation, on z1 and z2, is denoted by may be defined as which may return the smallest FP-K number that is larger than or equal to z1+z2. The FP-K addition with downward rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the largest FP-K number that is smaller than or equal to z1+z2. The FP-K addition with nearest rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the closest FP-K number to z1+z2 (with ties rounded up) .
[0133] In some aspects, the encoder may perform finite-precision subtraction operations with proper rounding specified. For example, let z1 and z2 be FP-K numbers for some positive integer K (e.g., K=8) . The FP-K subtraction with upward rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the smallest FP-K number that is larger than or equal to z1-z2. The FP-K subtraction with downward rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the largest FP-K number that is smaller than or equal to z1-z2. The FP-K subtraction with nearest rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the closest FP-K number to z1-z2 (with ties rounded up) .
[0134] In some aspects, the encoder may perform finite-precision multiplication operations with proper rounding specified. For example, let z1 and z2 be FP-K numbers for some positive integer K (e.g., K=8) . The FP-K multiplication with upward rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the smallest FP-K number that is larger than or equal to z1×z2. The FP-K multiplication with downward rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the largest FP-K number that is smaller than or equal to z1×z2. The FP-K multiplication with nearest rounding operation, on z1 and z2, which may be denoted by may be defined as which may return the closest FP-K number to z1×z2 (with ties rounded up) .
[0135] In some aspects, the encoder is configured to compute a multiplicative inverse of a finite-precision number with looking up table entry operation. For example, a lookup table (e.g., (L, L′) -table) may be a table with 2L-1 entries that approximate the inverse of 1+21-Lj, for j∈ {0, 1, 2, …, 2L-1-1} where L is a positive integer (e.g., L=5, L=8, or L=10) and L′ is a positive integer (e.g., L′=8) . Entry j (e.g., row j) of the lookup table may correspond to an approximate inverse of 1+21-Lj (e.g., entry jcorresponds to the nearest FP-L′ number to the true inverse of 1+21-Lj, which may corresponds to ) . In some aspects, the (L, L′) -table may be used to determine an approximate inverse for any FP-L number as an FP-L′ number. To perform a finite-precision operation, let y be a positive real number (e.g., an FP-K number for some positive integer K) . The following sequence of operations may be applied to obtain an FP-L′ number as an approximate inverse of y (e.g., a finite-precision approximation of 1 / y) : perform an FP rounding operation to y and denote the result by yL: as an FP-L number; perform a (L, L′) -table look-up to obtain table entry χ that corresponds to the L-bit significands of yL; and output χ as an FP-L′ number as the approximate inverse of y.
[0136] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with probabilistic shaping using peeling-based arithmetic coding, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, example 800 includes a process performed by an encoder during, for example, communication between a network node (e.g., network node 110) and a UE (e.g., UE 120) . In some aspects, the network node and the UE may be included in a wireless network, such as wireless network 100. The network node and the UE may communicate via a wireless access link, which may include an uplink and a downlink. In some aspects, the UE may include an encoder that performs peeling-based arithmetic coding for probabilistic shaping. Alternatively, in some aspects, the network node may include an encoder that performs peeling-based arithmetic coding for probabilistic shaping.
[0137] As shown by reference number 805, the encoder may obtain a triplet of parameters. In some aspects, the parameters may be initialized values or updated values. In some aspects, the triplet of parameters may include an alphabet or an alphabet size m, a sequence length n, and a maximum sequence energy E. In some aspects, the alphabet may be a subset of or equal to an initial alphabet The alphabet size m may be smaller than or equal to the alphabet size of the initial alphabet In some aspects, the sequence length n may be a non-negative number and less than or equal to a maximum sequence length In some aspects, the maximum sequence energy E may be a non-negative number and no greater than a maximum target energy In some aspects, the encoder may obtain a total quantity of sequences over the alphabet The total quantity of sequences may be denoted by M≡ M (n, E) . In some aspects, the total quantity of sequences M may be equal to 2k at initialization, as discussed above. In some aspects, each of the total quantity of sequences M over the alphabet may have a length equal to n and an energy less than or equal to E.
[0138] In some aspects, the encoder may obtain an index x as an initialized value or as an updated value. In some aspects, the index x may be numeric and may represent a sequence of bits. In some aspects, the index x may be a decimal number (e.g., an integer) representing a sequence of bits. In some aspects, the index x may be a non- negative number (greater than or equal to zero) and less than the total quantity of sequences M. In some aspects, the index x may have a sequence of bits up to a bit length whereas the total quantity of sequence M may have a controlled bit resolution, which may be defined as a finite-precision number. In some aspects, the total quantity of sequence M has finite precision (e.g., the total quantity of sequence M is an FP-KMnumber of some positive integer KM, so has controlled complexity. The FP-KM number is a product of a first number, having a binary expansion having length KM, and a second number, in which the second number is equal to 2 to the power of a third number which is a positive integer; e.g., it is of the form a2l.
[0139] In some aspects, the total quantity of candidate sequences M may over the alphabet may each have a length n and an energy no more than the maximum sequence energy E. A fraction of the candidate sequences, such that each candidate sequence has a total number of occurrences of am being equal to km, denoted by pAC (km|m, n, E) , is given by
[0140] Each fraction of the candidate sequences may partition the total quantity of candidate sequences M based on a number of occurrences of am. In some aspects, the index x may operate as an index for identifying a relative rank, or position, of possible values for the composition element km according to, e.g., natural (lexicographical) ordering. For a wide range of sequence energy values of E of interest, the above sequence fractions may be approximated by one or more Gaussian-like probability distributions, and the approximations may be denoted by Φv, where v may represent a real-valued scaling parameter, (e.g., v = 2) . In some aspects, the encoder may approximate the sequence fractions pAC, as discussed in greater detail below.
[0141] In some aspects, the encoder may define a function Φv in terms of a kernel function ker. In some aspects, for a real-valued scaling parameter v, the function Φv: [-≥, ∞] → [0, 1] may be defined as Φv (z) =0 for z<-v or z>v, and z∈ [-v, v] may be defined as
[0142] For example, the kernel function ker may be defined in accordance with an error function erf and a real-valued scaling parameter a:
[0143] In some aspects, the real-valued scaling parameter a may capture a degree of skewness for the kernel function ker. In some aspects, such as when the real-valued scaling parameter a is equal to zero,
[0144] Alternatively, a support width of Φv may be independent of v (e.g., constant support width [-2, 2] as opposed to [-v, v] ) , in which case v may be incorporated into the definition of the kernel function ker, as shown below:
[0145] In some aspects, the encoder may approximate the function Φv according to a finite-precision approximation. In some aspects, the finite-precision approximation of Φv (z) (e.g., ) may be noted as FP-KΦ number for an integer KΦ (e.g., KΦ=8, or KΦ=10) . In some aspects, FP-KΦ may be defined as
[0146] For finite-precision tabulation, the encoder may use a lookup table and a look-up table The lookup table may tabulate (b, T (b) ) for all integers b∈ {0, 1, …, 2B-1} , and T (b) may be defined as
[0147] The lookup table may tabulate for all integers j such that j2-B∈ (-v, v) . Both lookup tables may be stored in a memory accessible to the encoder, and the lookup tables may depend on the alphabet For example, each of the lookup tables (e.g., lookup table or lookup table ) that correspond to may be different from the respective lookup tables that corresponds to when m≠m′. Different kernel functions may be used to determine the look up tables corresponding to different alphabets. In some aspects, the encoder may identify and use the lookup tables based on, for example, parameters (m, n, E) to perform composition element selection in each iteration of the example 800 of Fig. 8.
[0148] In some aspects, the encoder may determine a multiplicative inverse of the sequence length n. The multiplicative inverse of the sequence length n may be denoted as ninv. In some aspects, the value for ninv may be an FP-K number for a positive integer K. In some aspects, the value for ninv may be an approximate inverse of n (e.g., n-1) . In some aspects, the determination of ninv may be based, at least in part, on the encoder performing a finite-precision inverse operation.
[0149] In some aspects, the encoder may determine an approximate value of a normalized energy parameter. The normalized energy parameter may be denoted by ωand may be defined according to
[0150] In some aspects, the normalized energy parameter may be defined according to: ω=En-1.
[0151] In some aspects, the encoder may determine the approximate value of the normalized energy parameter ω by a multiplication of the maximum sequence energy E and the multiplicative inverse ninv of the sequence length n (e.g., by a finite-precision multiplication to produce an FP-K number as the approximate value) . In some aspects, the approximate value of the normalized energy parameter ω and the multiplicative inverse ninv may be subsequently applied to a determination of a mean and of a standard deviation, discussed in greater detail below.
[0152] As shown by reference number 810, the encoder may calculate a mean parameter Gu and a standard deviation parameter Gσ. In some aspects, the encoder may determine the mean parameter Gu and the standard deviation parameter Gσ in accordance with the alphabet the alphabet size m, the sequence length n, the sequence energy E, one or more pre-designed and parametrized smooth functions or look-up tables, and / or a combination thereof, among other examples. For example, the mean parameter Gu may be obtained by evaluating one of multiple (e.g., a limited number of) low-degree piecewise polynomials (e.g., splines, with each polynomial corresponding to a respective range of values of n) and each polynomial may be a function of n and E (e.g., a function of ω) . In some aspects, the standard deviation parameter Gσ may be obtained for a different set of polynomials. For example, the standard deviation parameter Gσ may be obtained by evaluating one of multiple (e.g., a limited number of) low-degree piecewise polynomials (e.g., splines, with each polynomial corresponding to a respective range of values of n) and each polynomial may be a function of n and E (e.g., a function of ω) . In some aspects, the polynomials may be pre-determined, and evaluation methods for determining the polynomials may be stored so that the encoder can perform an online determination of the mean parameter Gu and of the standard deviation parameter Gσ. In some aspects, the mean parameter Gu and the standard deviation parameter Gσ may each represent approximations of an analytic mean and standard deviation counterpart induced by the sequence fractions pAC (km|m, n, E) , discussed above.
[0153] In some aspects, the mean parameter Gu and the standard deviation parameter Gσ may have finite precision. For example, the mean parameter Gu and the standard deviation parameter Gσ may have finite precision (e.g., they may be FP-KM numbers for a positive integer KM (e.g., KM=8) ) . In some aspects, the mean parameter Gu and the standard deviation parameter Gσ may be parametric functions of n and ω, indexed by m. In some aspects, the encoder may determine an inverse standard deviation parameter based on the standard deviation parameter Gσ. In some aspects, the inverse standard deviation parameter may be a parametric function of n and ω, indexed by m, as indicated below:
[0154] In some aspects, the inverse standard deviation parameter may have finite precision (e.g., an FP-KM number) . In some aspects, the encoder may determine the inverse standard deviation parameter in accordance with a value of the standard deviation parameter Gσ and by applying a finite-precision inversion operation on the standard deviation parameter Gσ. For example, as discussed above, the encoder is configured to compute a multiplicative inverse of a finite-precision number with looking up table entry operation. For example, a lookup table (e.g., (L, L′) -table) may be a table with 2L-1 entries that approximate the inverse of 1+21-Lj, for j∈ {0, 1, 2, …, 2L-1-1} where L is a positive integer (e.g., L=5, L=8, or L=10) and L′ is a positive integer (e.g., L′=8) . Entry j (e.g., row j) of the lookup table may correspond to an approximate inverse of 1+21-Lj (e.g., entry j corresponds to the nearest FP-L′ number to the true inverse of 1+21-Lj, which may corresponds to ) . In some aspects, the (L, L′) -table may be used to determine an approximate inverse for any FP-Lnumber as an FP-L′ number. To perform a finite-precision operation, let y be a positive real number (e.g., an FP-K number for some positive integer K) . The following sequence of operations may be applied to obtain an FP-L′ number as an approximate inverse of y (e.g., a finite-precision approximation of 1 / y) : perform an FP rounding operation to y and denote the result by yL: as an FP-L number; perform a (L, L′) -table look-up to obtain table entry χ that corresponds to the L-bit significands of yL; and output χ as an FP-L′ number as the approximate inverse of y.
[0155] As shown by reference number 815, the encoder may determine a composition element km of a target composition k*. In some aspects, the encoder may determine a range [K-, K+] (e.g., two numbers K- and K+ as closed interval boundaries, and each integer may serves as a candidate value for km) . In some aspects, the determination may be based on the mean parameter Gu value, the standard variation parameter Gσ value, and the function In some aspects, the range [K-, K+] may include all integers K such that the interval [K-0.5, K+0.5] overlaps with the interval [Gu-vGσ, Gu+vGσ] . In some aspects, the determination may be based on the encoder selecting a unique integer km within the range [K-, K+] such that
[0156] In some aspects, the range [K-, K+] may be simplified to include integers within the interval [Gu-vGσ, Gu+vGσ] , in which case, the above decision rule could alternatively take the form of:
[0157] Accordingly, km may be chosen as the largest integer satisfying the inequality
[0158] In some aspects, the encoder may determine an initial candidate The determination may be based on an approximate evaluation of where the result is set to the initial candidate Accordingly, in some aspects, the encoder may determine the nearest integer to for the initial candidate In some aspects, the encoder may determine an integer such that The encoder may determine the integer by approximating xM-1. For example, with KM-bit resolution (e.g., KM=B=8) , the encoder may obtain an approximate inverse of M via a finite-precision inverse operation, and perform an FP-KM multiplication with an FP-KM approximation of x (e.g., ) , with the result of the FP-KM multiplication being an FP-KM number which is denoted by zM. In some aspects, the encoder may extract the identified look-up table entries that correspond to and to obtain and In some aspects, the encoder may perform a linear interpolation between 2-B and to approximate with result being an FP-KM number denoted by φinv, and the linear interpolation may be based on
[0159] where and or In some aspects, the encoder may perform an FP-KM multiplication of φinv and Gσ, an FP-KMaddition with Gu and 0.5, and a rounding-down operation to obtain
[0160] In some aspects, the encoder may determine an FP-KM number (e.g., KM=8) where the determination may be based on an approximate evaluation of and the identified look-up table In some aspects, the encoder may multiple the inverse standard deviation parameter and the result of one or more subtractions with the result being denoted by zG. In some aspects, the encoder may determine an integer according to Thus, The encoder may extract forward look-up table entries that correspond to and to obtain and respectively. In some aspects, the encoder may perform a linear interpolation to determine an approximation of with a result being an FP-KM number denoted by φfwd. The linear interpolation may be based on
[0161]
[0162] where and are obtained from one or more lookup tables. In some aspects, the encoder may perform an FP-KM multiplication of φfwd and M to determine the FP-KM number
[0163] In some aspects, the encoder may similarly determine the FP-KM number for by using the procedure discussed above with respect to the initial candidate In some aspects, the encoder may adjust an original value of until For example, if the encoder may identify the composition element km as the initial candidate Otherwise, if the encoder may determine as discussed above and determine if is true. If so, the encoder may determine the composition element km to be If the encoder may determine as discussed above and determine if is true. If so, the encoder may determine the composition element km to be In some aspects, a continuing identification pattern may occur as etc., until the encoder determines that for an integer i, which may be positive or negative. In some aspects, the encoder may adjust the original value of to and the composition element km may be adjusted to
[0164] As shown by reference number 820, the encoder may determine parameter updates. In some aspects, the encoder may compute an updated index x′. In some aspects, the updated index may be defined as follows:
[0165] In some aspects, the updated index x’ may have a limited bit-resolution, and the subtraction above may involves a limited number of bit operations. In some aspects, the encoder may perform a subtraction of the form in accordance with a finite-precision operation. In some aspects, the encoder may compute an updated number of sequences N′over
[0166] In some aspects, the updated number of sequences N′may be obtained according to
[0167] In some aspects, the encoder may perform the above operation of the form using finite-precision, in which the subtraction is an FP-K subtraction for some positive K (e.g., K=8, or K=10) .
[0168] In some aspects, the encoder may determine an updated alphabet and / or alphabet size m′. The updated alphabet may be obtained by excluding the symbol am in a previous alphabet that corresponds to the composition element being determined. For example, am may be excluded from the updated alphabet (i.e., ) , which may cause a size of the updated alphabet size to decrease by one (i.e., m′=m-1) . In some aspects, the encoder may determine an updated sequence length n′. In some aspects, the updated sequence length n′ may be determined by subtracting km from a previous sequence length n (e.g., n′=n-km) . In some aspects, the encoder may determine an updated maximum sequence energy E′. The updated maximum sequence energy E′ may be determined by subtracting kmE (am) from a previous maximum sequence energy E, and adjusting the result by δE. Accordingly, E′=E-kmE (am) +δE.
[0169] The energy adjustment by δE may adjust a post-composition-element-selection remaining energy and allow for a smaller approximation loss resulting from inaccurate approximation modeling of a transition probability. The energy adjustment δE may be a constant, such as 0, 0.5, or 1, among other examples. Alternatively, the energy adjustment δE may depend on current values of n and E (e.g., δE=0.5 for E≤nω*and δE=0 otherwise, in which ω* is a design parameter, such as ω*=3.5 for m=8) .
[0170] As shown by reference number 825, the encoder may determine whether more composition elements are to be determined. For example, if the alphabet size m′ is equal to one, the encoder may determine that all composition elements have been determined. Accordingly, since the sum it follows that determining k1 is simply subtracting from
[0171] As shown by reference number 830, the encoder may recursively determine the composition elements. For example, if the alphabet size m′ is larger than one, the encoder may perform a subsequent iteration with the following updated parameters (x, M; m, n, E) . In some aspects, the encoder may update the values for x, M, m, n, and E using the values for x′, M′, m′, m′, and E′, respectively.
[0172] As shown by reference number 835, the encoder may perform a sequence generation operation. In some aspects, the encoder takes as input the finally updated index x′ as well as the determined sequence composition k* for sequence generation. In some aspects, the initial alphabet and initial sequence length may be determined and / or known to the encoder before performing the sequence generation operation. In some aspects, the encoder may encode x′ to a sequence s* over and of length such that the composition of s* is the determined sequence composition k* determined with respect to reference number 815. In some aspects, encoding for the sequence generation may include a table-based encoding operation or a source coding technique to generate s* having a composition equal to k*. In some aspects, encoding information to sequences of symbols of fixed length and of constant composition may be referred to as constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) . In some aspects, arithmetic coding (AC) techniques for efficiently realizing CCDM or asymmetric numeral systems (ANS) for efficiently realizing CCDM may be applied. In some aspects, a signal generated in accordance with the encoded sequence s* may be transmitted from a transmitter (e.g., a UE or network node) through a medium such as a wireless communication channel to a receiver.
[0173] In some aspects, as discussed above, the encoder may resolve the energy of the sequence s* by the end of the sequence composition determination stage because determining composition determines sequence energy, and the energy of the sequence s* is implicitly given by
[0174] In some aspects, the peeling-based arithmetic coding technique discussed above may further include selecting a sequence energy E*. In some aspects, the energy of any possible sequence s* to be generated by the transmitter can be configured, and the encoder may set an initialization energy value based on the configuration. Accordingly, the encoder may better control a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value of the transmitted signal.
[0175] In some aspects, the encoder may select the sequence energy E* in accordance with the following:
[0176] In some aspects, a total quantity of sequences M at initialization may be and for each l, may denote an approximation of (e.g., a lower bound of ) . In some aspects, the encoder may determine a lower energy limit and an upper energy limit In some aspects, the encoder may select the sequence energy E* as the largest integer such that
[0177] where the right-hand side of the above expression is denoted by S. In some aspects, a total quantity of sequences M at initialization may be
[0178] In some aspects, the encoder may update one or more parameters after selecting the sequence energy E*and before performing the sequence composition determination. For example, the encoder may update values of x and M by values of x-S and respectively (e.g., x←x-S and ) , before performing the sequence composition determination.
[0179] In some aspects, the sequence composition determination consists of steps for determining the composition elements of the sequence composition with each step determining one respective element, with additional initialization of and E=E*. The determination associated with each step may follow the order discussed above, with the approximate Gaussian modeling of sequence fractions taking the form
[0180] Accordingly, candidates for Φv and its approximation including candidates for involved kernel functions as well as the involved look-up tables may be different when the encoder selects the sequence energy E*before the sequence composition determination.
[0181] In some aspects, when the encoder selects the sequence energy E*before the sequence composition determination, the composition elements k2 and k1 may be determined according to
[0182] and
[0183] Following selection of the sequence energy E*and the sequence composition determination, the encoder may perform sequence generation as discussed above with respect to reference number 835. For example, as discussed above, the encoder may use a table-based process or a source coding technique for CCDM (e.g., an AC or ANS techniques) . In some aspects, in the encoded sequence s*, a composition k (s*) may be equal to k* and an energy E (s*) may be equal to E*.
[0184] As shown by reference number 840, a transmitter may transmit the communication in accordance with the encoded sequence. In some aspects, such as when the encoder and transmitter are included in a UE, the UE may transmit an uplink communication in accordance with the encoded sequence. In some aspects, such as when the encoder and transmitter are included in a network node, the network node may transmit a downlink communication in accordance with the encoded sequence.
[0185] As shown by reference number 845, in some aspects, such as when the encoder is included in a UE, the UE may receive, from a network node, a probabilistic shaping configuration that includes a configuration for the peeling-based arithmetic coding, discussed above. In some aspects, the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding may include a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage. In some aspects, the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage may include a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for obtaining one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, a maximum sequence energy parameter, or an index parameter. In some aspects, the probabilistic shaping configuration may include a configuration for configuring one or more initial parameters including one or more of an alphabet, a target sequence length, a target maximum energy, an input amount of information, an available quantity of candidate sequences, or an initial index. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for obtaining or calculating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, and a maximum sequence energy parameter. In some aspects, the configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements may include approximating one or more truncated error function candidates. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for determining a multiplicative inverse of a sequence length and a configuration for approximating a value of a normalized energy parameter. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for calculating one or more of a mean parameter, a standard deviation parameter, or an inverse standard deviation parameter. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for determining an initial candidate. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for adjusting a value of an initial candidate in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for calculating an updated index parameter in accordance with one or more of a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, a mean parameter, a truncated error function candidate, or a standard deviation parameter. In some aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition may include a configuration for one or more of updating an alphabet parameter, updating an alphabet size, updating a sequence length parameter, or updating a maximum sequence energy parameter. In some aspects, the configuration for generating the sequence may include a configuration for encoding an index to generate a sequence having a determined composition. In some aspects, the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding may include a configuration for selecting a sequence energy in an energy selection stage. In some aspects, the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding may include a configuration for the energy selection stage to occur before the composition element selection stage, and a configuration for the composition element selection stage to occur before the sequence generation stage. In some aspects, the configuration for selecting the sequence energy in the energy selection stage includes a configuration for determining a lower energy limit; determining an upper energy limit; and selecting the sequence energy in accordance with one or more of the lower energy limit or the upper energy limit. In some aspects, the configuration for selecting the sequence energy may include a configuration for one or more of updating an index parameter or updating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter before the composition element selection stage.
[0186] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 8.
[0187] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with composition element selection. In some aspects, the example 900 is associated with selection of a composition element km, discussed above with respect to reference number 815 of Fig. 8. In some aspects, the encoder may receive or access initial values for x, M, m, n, and E, as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8.
[0188] As shown by reference number 910, the encoder may determine an approximate inverse of n, n-1. In some aspects, the encoder may approximate a normalized energy parameter, ω←En-1 as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8.
[0189] As shown by reference number 920, the encoder may evaluate a mean parameter Gu, as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8. Additionally, in some aspects, the encoder may evaluate a standard deviation parameter Gσ, as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8. In some aspects, the encoder may evaluate an inverse of the standard deviation parameter as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8.
[0190] As shown by reference number 930, the encoder may identify an initial candidate as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8. In some aspects, the encoder may identify a first quantity of candidate sequences and a second quantity of candidate sequences as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8.
[0191] As shown by reference number 940, the encoder may adjust until a value x is greater than or equal to and less than (e.g., ) , as discussed above with respect to the example 800 of Fig. 8.
[0192] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 9.
[0193] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with techniques for probabilistic shaping using peeling-based arithmetic coding.
[0194] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding (block 1010) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1202 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may receive a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, as described above.
[0195] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, and the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage (block 1020) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, and the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage, as described above. In some aspects, the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage. In some aspects, the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0196] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0197] In a first aspect, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for obtaining one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, a maximum sequence energy parameter, or an index parameter.
[0198] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the probabilistic shaping configuration includes a configuration for configuring one or more initial parameters including one or more of an alphabet, a target sequence length, a target maximum energy, an input amount of information, an available quantity of candidate sequences, or an initial index.
[0199] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for obtaining or calculating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0200] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, and a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0201] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements includes approximating one or more truncated error function candidates.
[0202] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for determining a multiplicative inverse of a sequence length and a configuration for approximating a value of a normalized energy parameter.
[0203] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for calculating one or more of a mean parameter, a standard deviation parameter, or an inverse standard deviation parameter.
[0204] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for determining an initial candidate.
[0205] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for adjusting a value of an initial candidate in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0206] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for calculating an updated index parameter in accordance with one or more of a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, a mean parameter, a truncated error function candidate, or a standard deviation parameter.
[0207] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for one or more of updating an alphabet parameter, updating an alphabet size, updating a sequence length parameter, or updating a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0208] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the configuration for generating the sequence includes a configuration for encoding an index to generate a sequence having a determined composition.
[0209] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for selecting a sequence energy in an energy selection stage.
[0210] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for the energy selection stage to occur before the composition element selection stage, and a configuration for the composition element selection stage to occur before the sequence generation stage.
[0211] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the configuration for selecting the sequence energy in the energy selection stage includes a configuration for determining a lower energy limit, determining an upper energy limit, and selecting the sequence energy in accordance with one or more of the lower energy limit or the upper energy limit.
[0212] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the configuration for selecting the sequence energy includes a configuration for one or more of updating an index parameter or updating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter before the composition element selection stage.
[0213] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0214] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with techniques for probabilistic shaping using peeling-based arithmetic coding.
[0215] As shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include determining, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage (block 1110) . For example, the network node (e.g., using communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage, as described above.
[0216] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage (block 1120) . For example, the network node (e.g., using communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage, as described above.
[0217] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include transmitting an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage (block 1130) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1304 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may transmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, and the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage, as described above. In some aspects, the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0218] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0219] In a first aspect, determining the sequence composition includes obtaining one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, a maximum sequence energy parameter, or an index parameter.
[0220] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, determining the sequence composition includes obtaining or calculating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0221] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, determining the sequence composition includes sequentially determining multiple composition elements in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, and a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0222] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, sequentially determining multiple composition elements includes approximating one or more truncated error function candidates.
[0223] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, determining the sequence composition includes determining a multiplicative inverse of a sequence length and a configuration for approximating a value of a normalized energy parameter.
[0224] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, determining the sequence composition includes calculating one or more of a mean parameter, a standard deviation parameter, or an inverse standard deviation parameter.
[0225] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, determining the sequence composition includes determining an initial candidate.
[0226] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, determining the sequence composition includes adjusting a value of an initial candidate in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0227] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, determining the sequence composition includes calculating an updated index parameter in accordance with one or more of a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, a mean parameter, a truncated error function candidate, or a standard deviation parameter.
[0228] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, determining the sequence composition includes updating one or more of an alphabet parameter, an alphabet size, a sequence length parameter, or a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0229] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, generating the sequence includes encoding the sequence composition.
[0230] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, process 1100 includes selecting a sequence energy in an energy selection stage.
[0231] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the energy selection stage occurs before the composition element selection stage, and the composition element selection stage occurs before the sequence generation stage.
[0232] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, selecting the sequence energy in the energy selection stage includes determining a lower energy limit, determining an upper energy limit, and selecting the sequence energy in accordance with one or more of the lower energy limit or the upper energy limit.
[0233] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, selecting the sequence energy includes updating one or more of an index parameter or a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, and one or more of the index parameter or the total quantity of sequences associated with the alphabet parameter are updated before the composition element selection stage.
[0234] Although Fig. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
[0235] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204.
[0236] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 4-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0237] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0238] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202 in one or more transceivers.
[0239] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0240] The reception component 1202 may receive a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding. The transmission component 1204 may transmit an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, and the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0241] In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 may determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage. The communication manager 1206 may generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage. The transmission component 1204 may transmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. The communication manager 1206 may select a sequence energy in an energy selection stage.
[0242] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0243] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1300 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a reception component 1302, a transmission component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1308, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1302 and the transmission component 1304.
[0244] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 4-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1100 of Fig. 11, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0245] The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1308. The reception component 1302 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 1300 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.
[0246] The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may be co-located with the reception component 1302 in one or more transceivers.
[0247] The communication manager 1306 may support operations of the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1302 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1304. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0248] The communication manager 1306 may determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage. The communication manager 1306 may generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage. The transmission component 1304 may transmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration. The sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage. The communication manager 1306 may select a sequence energy in an energy selection stage.
[0249] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 13 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 13. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 13 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 13.
[0250] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0251] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a UE, comprising: receiving a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; and transmitting an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage, wherein the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0252] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for obtaining one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, a maximum sequence energy parameter, or an index parameter.
[0253] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the probabilistic shaping configuration includes a configuration for configuring one or more initial parameters including one or more of an alphabet, a target sequence length, a target maximum energy, an input amount of information, an available quantity of candidate sequences, or an initial index.
[0254] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for obtaining or calculating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0255] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, and a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0256] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements includes approximating one or more truncated error function candidates.
[0257] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for determining a multiplicative inverse of a sequence length and a configuration for approximating a value of a normalized energy parameter.
[0258] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for calculating one or more of a mean parameter, a standard deviation parameter, or an inverse standard deviation parameter.
[0259] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for determining an initial candidate.
[0260] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for adjusting a value of an initial candidate in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0261] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for calculating an updated index parameter in accordance with one or more of a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, a mean parameter, a truncated error function candidate, or a standard deviation parameter.
[0262] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for one or more of updating an alphabet parameter, updating an alphabet size, updating a sequence length parameter, or updating a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0263] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the configuration for generating the sequence includes a configuration for encoding an index to generate a sequence having a determined composition.
[0264] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for selecting a sequence energy in an energy selection stage.
[0265] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes: a configuration for the energy selection stage to occur before the composition element selection stage, and a configuration for the composition element selection stage to occur before the sequence generation stage.
[0266] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the configuration for selecting the sequence energy in the energy selection stage includes a configuration for: determining a lower energy limit; determining an upper energy limit; and selecting the sequence energy in accordance with one or more of the lower energy limit or the upper energy limit.
[0267] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the configuration for selecting the sequence energy includes a configuration for one or more of updating an index parameter or updating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter before the composition element selection stage.
[0268] Aspect 18: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node or a UE, comprising: determining, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage; generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage; and transmitting an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration, wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
[0269] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, wherein determining the sequence composition includes obtaining one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, a maximum sequence energy parameter, or an index parameter.
[0270] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 18-19, wherein determining the sequence composition includes obtaining or calculating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0271] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 18-20, wherein determining the sequence composition includes sequentially determining multiple composition elements in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, and a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0272] Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein sequentially determining multiple composition elements includes approximating one or more truncated error function candidates.
[0273] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 18-22, wherein determining the sequence composition includes determining a multiplicative inverse of a sequence length and a configuration for approximating a value of a normalized energy parameter.
[0274] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 18-23, wherein determining the sequence composition includes calculating one or more of a mean parameter, a standard deviation parameter, or an inverse standard deviation parameter.
[0275] Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 18-24, wherein determining the sequence composition includes determining an initial candidate.
[0276] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 18-25, wherein determining the sequence composition includes adjusting a value of an initial candidate in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.
[0277] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 18-26, wherein determining the sequence composition includes calculating an updated index parameter in accordance with one or more of a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, a mean parameter, a truncated error function candidate, or a standard deviation parameter.
[0278] Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 18-27, wherein determining the sequence composition includes updating one or more of an alphabet parameter, an alphabet size, a sequence length parameter, or a maximum sequence energy parameter.
[0279] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 18-28, wherein generating the sequence includes encoding the sequence composition.
[0280] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 18-29, further comprising selecting a sequence energy in an energy selection stage.
[0281] Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 30, wherein the energy selection stage occurs before the composition element selection stage, and wherein the composition element selection stage occurs before the sequence generation stage.
[0282] Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 30, wherein selecting the sequence energy in the energy selection stage includes: determining a lower energy limit; determining an upper energy limit; and selecting the sequence energy in accordance with one or more of the lower energy limit or the upper energy limit.
[0283] Aspect 33: The method of Aspect 30, wherein selecting the sequence energy includes updating one or more of an index parameter or a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, wherein one or more of the index parameter or the total quantity of sequences associated with the alphabet parameter are updated before the composition element selection stage.
[0284] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-33.
[0285] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-33.
[0286] Aspect 36: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-33.
[0287] Aspect 37: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-33.
[0288] Aspect 38: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-33.
[0289] Aspect 39: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-33.
[0290] Aspect 40: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-33.
[0291] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0292] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to be broadly construed to mean “based at least in part on. ” As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c.
[0293] Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (for example, related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items) , and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A also may have B) . Further, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) .
[0294] The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm processes described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been described generally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processes described herein. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0295] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0296] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents thereof, or in any combination thereof. Aspects of the subject matter described in this specification also can be implemented as one or more computer programs (such as one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on a computer storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus.
[0297] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. The processes of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module which may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection can be properly termed a computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the media described herein should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and instructions on a machine readable medium and computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0298] Various modifications to the aspects described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
[0299] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, the terms “upper” and “lower” are sometimes used for ease of describing the figures, and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the figure on a properly oriented page, and may not reflect the proper orientation of any device as implemented.
[0300] Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate aspects also can be implemented in combination in a single aspect. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single aspect also can be implemented in multiple aspects separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0301] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one more example processes in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the aspects described should not be understood as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other aspects are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to:receive a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; andtransmit an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration,wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage,wherein the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for obtaining one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, a maximum sequence energy parameter, or an index parameter.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the probabilistic shaping configuration includes a configuration for configuring one or more initial parameters including one or more of an alphabet, a target sequence length, a target maximum energy, an input amount of information, an available quantity of candidate sequences, or an initial index.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for obtaining or calculating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, and a maximum sequence energy parameter.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the configuration for sequentially determining multiple composition elements includes approximating one or more truncated error function candidates.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for determining a multiplicative inverse of a sequence length and a configuration for approximating a value of a normalized energy parameter.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for calculating one or more of a mean parameter, a standard deviation parameter, or an inverse standard deviation parameter.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for determining an initial candidate.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for adjusting a value of an initial candidate in accordance with a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for calculating an updated index parameter in accordance with one or more of a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter, a mean parameter, a truncated error function candidate, or a standard deviation parameter.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for determining the sequence composition includes a configuration for one or more of updating an alphabet parameter, updating an alphabet size, updating a sequence length parameter, or updating a maximum sequence energy parameter.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for generating the sequence includes a configuration for encoding an index to generate a sequence having a determined composition.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for selecting a sequence energy in an energy selection stage.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes:a configuration for the energy selection stage to occur before the composition element selection stage, anda configuration for the composition element selection stage to occur before the sequence generation stage.16.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the configuration for selecting the sequence energy in the energy selection stage includes a configuration for:determine a lower energy limit;determine an upper energy limit; andselect the sequence energy in accordance with one or more of the lower energy limit or the upper energy limit.17.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the configuration for selecting the sequence energy includes a configuration for one or more of updating an index parameter or updating a total quantity of sequences associated with an alphabet parameter before the composition element selection stage.18.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to:determine, in accordance with a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding, a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage;generate a sequence during a sequence generation stage; andtransmit an uplink communication or a downlink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration,wherein the sequence is generated in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the apparatus to determine the sequence composition, are individually or collectively configured to cause the apparatus to obtain one or more of an alphabet parameter, a sequence length parameter, a maximum sequence energy parameter, or an index parameter.20.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving a probabilistic shaping configuration including a configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding; andtransmitting an uplink communication in accordance with the probabilistic shaping configuration,wherein the configuration for peeling-based arithmetic coding includes a configuration for determining a sequence composition during a composition element selection stage and a configuration for generating a sequence during a sequence generation stage,wherein the configuration for generating the sequence during the sequence generation stage includes a configuration for generating the sequence in accordance with the sequence composition determined during the composition element selection stage.
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