Method and system for performing random access channel procedure in a network

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method (400) and system (108) for performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure in a network (106) The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a user equipment (UE) (104) to initiate the RACH procedure. The network node determines whether one or more network conditions of the UE (104) are below a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request. Based on the determination, the network node generates a downlink control information (DCI) message comprising a reserved bit set to a value the reserved bit with the set value indicates the UE (104) to use one of a default modulation and coding scheme table or a low SE table for the RACH procedure and the RRC transmission setup. The generated DCI message is transmitted to the UE (104) for performing the RACH procedure.

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PERFORMING RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL PROCEDURE IN A NETWORKRESERVATION OF RIGHTS

[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material, which is subject to intellectual property rights such as, but are not limited to, copyright, design, trademark, Integrated Circuit (IC) layout design, and / or trade dress protection, belonging to JIO PLATFORMS LIMITED or its affiliates (hereinafter referred as owner). The owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. All rights to such intellectual property are fully reserved by the owner.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of telecommunications. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and a system for performing a random-access channel (RACH) procedure in a network.DEFINITION

[0003] The term ‘RACH’, as used herein in the specification, refers to the random access channel. RACH is a logical channel used in networks for initial access and random-access procedures. In long-term evolution (LTE) and fifth-generation (5G) networks, the RACH allows the UE to initiate communication with the network when the UE first connects or when the UE needs to re-establish communication. The RACH procedure helps in synchronizing the UE with the network and obtaining necessary resources for data transmission.

[0004] The term ‘PRACH’ used hereinafter in the specification refers to a physical layer channel through which the UE transmits a random access preamble to a network node, initiating the process of connecting to the network.

[0005] The term ‘gNodeB (gNB)’ used hereinafter in the specification refers to a 5G base station that provides radio access to the UE. The gNB is responsible for managing radio resources, scheduling transmissions, and handling communication with the core network.

[0006] The term ‘Cell Edge condition’ as used herein in the specification refers to the situation where the UE, such as a smartphone, a phablet, a server, a tablet, etc. is located near the boundary of a cell's coverage area.

[0007] The term ‘64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64-QAM)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a modulation scheme used in wireless communication systems. In 64-QAM, each symbol represents 6 bits of data, with 64 different possible symbol states, achieved by combining 6 bits into one of 64 different combinations of amplitude and phase variations. The 64-QAM is used to increase the data rate by enabling higher-order modulation.

[0008] The term Tow Spectral Efficiency (SE) table’ used hereinafter in the specification refers to a predefined set of modulation and coding schemes designed to prioritize the radio signal over data rate. The low SE table uses lower-order modulation with more redundancy in transmitted data.

[0009] The term ‘Radio Resource Control (RRC)’ as used herein in the specification refers to a protocol layer in the radio interface of cellular networks. It is responsible for the establishment, maintenance, and release of radio bearers, as well as the management of mobility and connection states. RRC plays a crucial role in controlling the configuration of the lower layers of the radio interface.

[0010] The term ‘MSG2’ used herein in the specification refers to a Random Access Response (RAR) message, which is the second message in the four-step Random Access Procedure used in the LTE and 5G networks. The RAR is sent by theeNodeB (in LTE) or gNodeB (in 5G) to respond to the UE's initial random access attempt.

[0011] The term ‘MSG3’ used herein in the specification refers to an uplink transmission sent by the UE on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) utilizing the initial uplink grant provided in MSG2. The MSG3 transmission may include a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, such as an RRC Request, or may comprise only physical layer (PHY) data.

[0012] The term ‘MSG4’ used herein in the specification refers to MAC data, which is for Contention Resolution between the UE and the network. After processing Msg3, the gNB sends Msg4 to the UE. The Contention Resolution message contains the UE's identity, confirming that the gNB has correctly identified the UE, and contention has been resolved.

[0013] The term ‘RRC SETUP’ as used herein in the specification refers to a message used by the eNodeB or the gNodeB to initiate the establishment of an RRC connection with the UE. The procedure is fundamental for setting up the communication link between the UE and the network.

[0014] The term ‘Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a specific type of signal used in networks, such as LTE and 5G, for initiating communication between the UE and the network. The PRACH preamble is a part of the random access procedure, which allows the UE to establish initial contact with the network.

[0015] The term ‘Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)’ as used herein in the specification refers to a linear average of the received power of the Resource Elements (REs) carrying the reference signals within a given measurement bandwidth. The reference signals are typically the Cell-specific Reference Signals (CRS) in LTEor the Synchronization Signals (SS) and Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS) in 5G NR networks.

[0016] The term ‘Downlink Control Information (DCI) format’ used hereinafter in the specification refers to a specific type of control message in the network, particularly in the 5G network. The DCI format carries information that the network node sends to the UE to schedule downlink and uplink data transmission. Additionally, the DCI format includes details such as resource allocation, modulation, coding scheme, and other control instructions that specify how the UE should handle the transmission and reception of data.

[0017] These definitions are in addition to those expressed in the art.BACKGROUND

[0018] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.

[0019] In the field of telecommunications networks, an initial attachment procedure is a process for establishing a connection between user equipment (UE) and a network. This procedure typically involves a series of steps where the UE attempts to connect to the network through a random access channel (RACH) procedure. The RACH procedure is efficient and essential for enabling the UE to request, synchronize, and establish communication parameters with the communication network. However, certain challenges are associated with the initial attachment procedure.

[0020] When the UE is located at the cell edge or in poor radio conditions, it often experiences difficulties in successfully completing the initial attachment procedure. Additionally, due to poor radio conditions during the initial attachment procedure, the UE may particularly experience difficulty with decoding the Random Access Response (RAR), such as message 2 (MSG2) and message 4 (MSG4). This results in a poor user experience, with increased delays in the initial setup and potential connection failures.

[0021] In existing methods and systems, a fallback mechanism is used. If the initial attachment fails, the network may redirect the UE to a more reliable or lower frequency band to improve connection stability. However, this fallback mechanism may result in increased network latency and inefficient resource usage, as the UE may need to retry the initial attachment process multiple times before a successful connection is established.

[0022] There is, therefore, a need in the art to provide a method and a system that can mitigate the disadvantages of the prior art.SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, a method for performing a random access procedure (RACH) in a network is described. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network conditions of the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request. The method includes generating, by the network node, a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. The method includes transmitting, by the network node, the generated DCI message to the UE for performing the RACH procedure.

[0024] In some embodiments, the request from the UE comprises a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) preambles.

[0025] In some embodiments, the network node is one of a gNodeB (gNB), an eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in the network.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method further includes performing, by the network node, a low spectral efficiency (SE) table- based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the generated DCI message.

[0027] In some embodiments, the reserved bit with the set value indicates the UE to use one of a default modulation and coding scheme table or a low SE table for the RACH procedure and the RRC transmission setup.

[0028] In some embodiments, the low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) low spectral efficiency modulation coding scheme table used for the RACH procedure.

[0029] In some embodiments, performing the low SE table RACH procedure includes transmitting, by the network node, a random access response (RAR) to the UE. The UE decodes the RAR based on the received DCI message, receiving, by the network node, an uplink message on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from the UE in response to the RAR transmitting, by the network node, a confirmation message to the UE based on the received uplink message, wherein the confirmation message indicates a successful completion of the RACH procedure.

[0030] In some embodiments, performing the low SE table-based RRC transmission setup for the UE includes receiving, by the network node, an initial RRC connection request from the UE upon successful completion of the RACH procedure; and establishing, by the network node, an RRC connection with the UE.

[0031] In some embodiments, the one or more network conditions include at least one of a power level associated with the received request, a timing advance (TA) value corresponding to the received request, or a number of retransmissions associated with the RACH procedure when performed using a default scheduling modulation and coding scheme table.

[0032] In another exemplary embodiment, a system for performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure in a network is described. The system includes a receiving unit and a processing unit at a network node. The receiving unit is configured to receive a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The processing unit is configured to determine whether one or more network conditions of the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request. The processing unit is configured to generate a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. The processing unit is configured to transmit the generated DCI message to the UE for performing the RACH procedure.

[0033] In another exemplary embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is described. The UE is communicatively coupled with a network, the coupling includes steps of receiving, by the network, a connection request from the UE, sending, by the network, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE and transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request. The network is configured to perform a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network conditions of the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request. The method includes generating, by the network node, a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. The method includes transmitting, by thenetwork node, the generated DCI message to the UE for performing the RACH procedure.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The medium includes instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method for performing a random access procedure (RACH) in a network is described. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network conditions of the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request. The method includes generating, by the network node, a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. The method includes transmitting, by the network node, the generated DCI message to the UE for performing the RACH procedure.

[0035] The foregoing general description of the illustrative embodiments and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of this disclosure, and are not restrictive.OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0036] Some of the objectives of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:

[0037] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a system to improve the success rate of a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, especially for User Equipments (UEs) located at the cell edge or in poor radio conditions.

[0038] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method and system that reduces the number of retransmissions during the initial attach procedure by increasing the likelihood that user equipment (UE) successfully decodes critical messages, such as MSG2, MSG4, and RRC SETUP, on the first attempt.

[0039] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a system to optimize the use of network resources by reducing unnecessary retransmissions and improving the efficiency of the initial attach procedure for UEs in challenging radio environments.

[0040] Another objective of the present disclosure is to enhance the user experience for the UEs in poor radio conditions by ensuring a smoother and faster initial attach procedure, reducing delays and connection issues.

[0041] Another objective of the present disclosure is to utilize a 64-QAM Low Spectral Efficiency (SE) table with a lower coding rate during the RACH procedure for the UEs in poor radio conditions to improve the likelihood of successful message decoding.

[0042] Another objective of the present disclosure is to identify UEs in poor radio conditions and apply a DCI format to select a 64-QAM low spectral efficiency scheduling for the RACH procedure, thereby improving message decoding success and reducing retransmissions.

[0043] Another objective of the present disclosure is to ensure a reliable Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup for UEs experiencing low signal quality, facilitating a more stable connection establishment.

[0044] Other objectives and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

[0045] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale; emphasis is instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes disclosure of electrical components, electronic components, or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.

[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture in which or with a system configured for performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure in a network may be implemented, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of the system configured for performing the RACH procedure in the network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary process flow diagram for performing the RACH procedure in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of a method for performing the RACH procedure in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0051] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS100 - Network Architecture102 - User(s)104 - User Equipments (UEs)106 - Network108 - System200 -Block Diagram202 - Receiving Unit204 - Memory206 - Interface(s)208 - Processing Unit210 - Database300 - Process Flow Diagram400 - Method Flow Diagram500 - Computer System510 - External Storage Device520 - Bus530 - Main Memory540 - Read Only Memory550 - Mass Storage Device560 - Communication Port(S)570 - ProcessorDETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Example embodiments of the present disclosure are described below, as illustrated in various drawings in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.

[0053] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.

[0054] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[0055] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.

[0056] The word “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive like the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.

[0057] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0058] The terminology used herein is to describe particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should be noted that the terms “mobile device”, “user equipment”, “user device”, “communication device”, “device” and similar terms are used interchangeably for the purpose of describing the invention. These terms are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or imply any specific functionality or limitations on the described embodiments. The use of these terms is solely for convenience and clarity of description. The invention is not limited to any particular type of device or equipment, and it should be understood that other equivalent terms or variations thereof may be used interchangeably without departing from the scope of the invention as defined herein.

[0059] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that manyembodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0060] In current 5G networks, the initial attach procedure allows user equipment (UE) to establish a connection with the network, typically through a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure. UEs located at the cell edge or in poor radio conditions often encounter difficulties during this process due to weak signal strength and higher interference levels. These challenges can cause failures in decoding critical messages, such as the Random Access Response (RAR) messages MSG2 and MSG4, as well as subsequent Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup messages. Such failures result in retransmissions, delays in connection setup, inefficient resource utilization, and a degraded user experience. The present disclosure addresses these issues by enabling the use of a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) low Spectral Efficiency (SE) table for the initial attach procedure through the assignment of a reserved bit in the Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 1 0. This approach increases the likelihood of RACH procedure success and reduces retransmissions by employing a lower code rate and additional redundancy in transmissions supported by the low SE table.

[0061] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture 100 in which or with which a system 108 configured for performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure in a network 106 may be implemented, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0063] In an embodiment, the network architecture 100 may include one or more user equipments (UEs) 104-1, 104-2... 104-N associated with one or more users 102-1, 102-2... 102-N in an environment. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more users 102-1, 102-2... 102-N may be individually referred to as the user 102 and collectively referred to as the users 102. Further, the user 102 may correspond to a network administrator or a network service provider. Similarly, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more UEs 104-1, 104- 2... 104-N may be individually referred to as the UE 104 and collectively referred to as the UEs 104. Although three UEs 104 are depicted in FIG. 1, however, any number of the UEs 104 may be included without departing from the scope of the ongoing description.

[0064] In another implementation, the UE 104 may function as smart devices operating in a smart environment, for example, an Internet of Things (loT) system. In such an embodiment, the UE 104 may include, but is not limited to, smart phones, smart watches, smart sensors (e.g., mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices, networked lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehicular devices, smart accessories, tablets, smart television (TV), computers, smart security system, smart home system, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the users 102 and / or entities, or any combination thereof. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE 104 may include, but is not limited to, intelligent, multisensing, network- connected devices, which can integrate seamlessly with each other and / or with a central server or a cloud- computing system or any other device that is network-connected.

[0065] In an embodiment, the UE 104 may include, but is not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, or an equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR)devices, laptop, a general-purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, mainframe computer, or any other computing device, wherein the UE 104 may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user 102 or the entity such as touch pad, touch enabled screen, electronic pen, and the like. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE (104) may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.

[0066] In FIG. 1, the UE 104 may communicate with the system 108 via a telecommunication network 106 (interchangeably referred to as a network 106). In order to establish communication, initially, the telecommunication network 106 is configured to receive a connection request from the UE 104. In response to receiving the connection request, the telecommunication network 106 is configured to send an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE 104. Further, a plurality of signals is transmitted in response to the connection request. Based on the connection request, the sessions are created in the telecommunication network 106. In an embodiment, the network 106 includes at least one of the 4G network, the 5G network, the 6G network, or the like. The telecommunication network 106 may enable the UE 104 to communicate with other devices in the network architecture 100 and / or with the system 108.

[0067] The network 106 may include a wireless card or some other transceiver connection to facilitate this communication. In another embodiment, the network 106 may be implemented as, or include any of a variety of different communication technologies such as a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless network, a mobile network, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), an internet, an intranet, a public network, a private network, a packet- switched network, a circuit- switched network, an ad hoc network, an infrastructure network, a Public-SwitchedTelephone Network (PSTN), a cable network, a cellular network, a satellite network, a fiber optic network, or some combination thereof. In another embodiment, the telecommunication network 106 includes, by way of example but not limitation, at least a portion of one or more networks having one or more nodes that transmit, receive, forward, generate, buffer, store, route, switch, process, or a combination thereof, etc. one or more messages, packets, signals, waves, voltage or current levels, some combination thereof, or so forth.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE 104 may be configured to initiate connectivity with the network 106 by transmitting a random access preamble as part of the RACH procedure. The UE 104 transmits a request message towards a network node to trigger the initiation of the RACH procedure. Upon receiving the random access preamble from the UE 104, the network node processes the request to evaluate network conditions associated with the UE 104, such as the received power level, the timing advance (TA) value, or the number of retransmissions attempted during the RACH procedure. The network node compares the evaluated network conditions with one or more preconfigured threshold values to determine whether the UE 104 is experiencing poor radio conditions or is positioned at the cell edge. Based on this determination, the network node generates a downlink control information (DCI) message comprising a reserved bit that is set to a specific value. The value of the reserved bit serves as an indication for the type of RACH procedure to be performed by the UE 104, such as a low spectral efficiency (SE) table-based RACH procedure for enhanced reliability. The network node then transmits the generated DCI message to the UE 104, thereby instructing the UE to proceed with the RACH procedure under the indicated configuration. Following the DCI transmission, the network node prepares and transmits the random access response (RAR) to the UE 104 according to the indication provided in the DCI message. For instance, when the reserved bit is set to a value indicating low SE table usage, the RAR and subsequent uplink grants are encoded using the 64-QAM low SE modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table. This ensuresrobust signaling and improved decoding performance for the UE 104 operating under adverse network conditions.

[0069] Although FIG. 1 shows exemplary components of the network architecture 100, in other embodiments, the network architecture 100 may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture 100 may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture 100.

[0070] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram 200 of the system 108 configured for performing the RACH procedure in the network 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0071] In an embodiment, the system 108 may include a receiving unit 202. The receiving unit 202 may be configured to receive data signals, messages, or instructions from one or more external sources over the telecommunication network 106. In an embodiment, the receiving unit 202 may include one or more transceivers, antennas, ports, or communication modules compatible with various protocols such as Ethernet, 4G / 5G, or other network technologies. The receiving unit 202 may further include signal conditioning components such as filters, amplifiers, or decoders to process incoming signals and convert them into a format suitable for further analysis by a processing unit 208, which is included in the system 108.

[0072] In an embodiment, the system 108 may include a memory 204. The memory 204 may be configured to store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which may be fetched and executed to create or share data packets over a network service. The memory 204 may include any non-transitory storage device including, for example,volatile memory such as a Random- Access Memory (RAM), or a non-volatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like.

[0073] In an embodiment, the system 108 may include an interface(s) 206. The interface(s) 206 may include a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices (VO), storage devices, and the like. The interface(s) 206 may facilitate communication through the system 108. The interface(s) 206 may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the system 108. Examples of such components include, but are not limited to, the processing unit 208 and a database 210. In one implementation, the receiving unit 202 may be operatively coupled to the interface(s) 206 and the processing unit 208 to enable seamless data acquisition, decoding, and dispatching of received information for further handling or storage.

[0074] The processing unit 208 may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing unit 208. In examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the processing unit 208 may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the processing unit 208 may include a processing resource (for example, one or more processors) to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the processing unit 208. In such examples, the system 108 may include the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine- readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system 108 and theprocessing resource. In other examples, the processing unit 208 may be implemented by an electronic circuitry.

[0075] In an aspect, the receiving unit 202 and the processing unit 208 may be implemented or embedded within a network node. In an aspect, the network node is one of a gNodeB (gNB), an eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in the network 106.

[0076] In an embodiment, the receiving unit 202 is configured to receive a request from the UE 104 to initiate the RACH procedure. The UE 104 may send the request to establish a new connection within the network 106. In an aspect, the request from the UE 104 includes a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) preambles. The set of PRACH preambles is a predefined uplink sequence transmitted by the UE 104 to initiate the RACH procedure, which enables the network node to detect the UE’s presence, estimate timing alignment, and allocate initial uplink resources. In an example, when the UE 104 wants to connect to the network 106, it selects a random access preamble from the set of PRACH preambles. After selecting the preamble, the UE 104 transmits the selected preamble on the PRACH. The request sent by the UE 104 may also be referred to as MSG1, which carries the selected preamble transmitted by the UE 104 on the PRACH.

[0077] In an embodiment, based on the received request, the processing unit 208 may be configured to determine whether one or more network conditions of the UE 104 satisfy a preconfigured network condition threshold. In an aspect, the one or more network conditions include at least one of a power level associated with the received request, a timing advance (TA) value corresponding to the received request, or a number of retransmissions associated with the RACH procedure when performed using a default scheduling modulation and coding scheme table. The power level associated with the received request refers to the received signal strength of the random access preamble at the network node. A low power level indicates that the UE 104 is far from the cell center, possibly at the cell edge, or operating under poor radioconditions, whereas a high power level indicates that the UE 104 is closer to the cell center and experiencing favorable radio conditions. The TA value corresponding to the received request represents the time offset applied by the UE 104 to synchronize its uplink transmission with the network node. A high TA value indicates a larger propagation delay, which typically means the UE 104 is located farther from the network node, whereas a low TA value indicates a smaller propagation delay, suggesting that the UE 104 is closer to the network node and operating in more favorable radio conditions. The number of retransmissions associated with the RACH procedure when performed using the default scheduling modulation and coding scheme table refers to the count of repeated random access attempts made by the UE 104 when earlier attempts fail. A higher number of retransmissions indicates difficulty in completing the RACH procedure, usually due to poor channel quality, weak signal strength, or high interference. Conversely, a lower number of retransmissions indicates that the UE 104 was able to successfully complete the RACH procedure with minimal attempts, suggesting favorable radio conditions and reliable channel quality. The processing unit 208 monitors the number of RACH preamble retransmissions performed by the UE 104 due to unsuccessful attempts using the default or standard modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table. An increased count of retransmissions reflects deteriorated link conditions or excessive interference. The MCS is defined as how many useful bits can be transmitted per Resource Element (RE) and depends on the radio signal quality. The RE is the smallest unit of the time-frequency, representing a single point in time and frequency within the radio frame where data can be transmitted. Each RE element typically corresponds to one subcarrier and one symbol period. The MCS is selected based on modulation and code rate. The modulation defines how many bits can be carried by a single RE, irrespective of whether the bits are useful bits or parity bits. The code rate is defined as the ratio between useful bits and total transmitted bits (for example, the addition of useful bits and redundant bits).

[0078] In an aspect, the preconfigured network condition threshold may be defined at the network node by a network operator for each network condition to evaluate the suitability of the uplink channel for reliable communication. For example, the preconfigured network condition threshold for the power level may represent a minimum received signal strength (RSSI or RSRP) below which the UE 104 is considered to be in poor coverage. The preconfigured network condition for TA value may represent a maximum acceptable propagation delay, where the TA value less than the threshold indicates that the UE 104 is likely at or beyond the cell edge. Similarly, the preconfigured network condition for the number of retransmissions may represent a maximum retry count for the RACH procedure, beyond which the UE 104 is considered to be experiencing unfavorable channel conditions. In an example, the processing unit 208 is configured to evaluate each of the network conditions with respect to the preconfigured network condition threshold value to determine whether the UE 104 is experiencing unfavorable radio conditions. For the power level, the processing unit 208 measures the received signal strength of the PRACH preamble included in the request. The measured value is compared against the threshold defined by the network operator. If the received signal strength is lower than the minimum threshold, the UE 104 is determined to be in poor coverage or near the cell edge. For the timing advance (TA) value, the processing unit 208 derives the propagation delay corresponding to the request and compares it with a maximum allowable threshold. When the TA value exceeds this threshold, the UE 104 is identified as being located farther from the network node, typically at or beyond the cell edge. For the number of retransmissions, the processing unit 208 monitors the count of repeated access attempts performed by the UE 104 during the RACH procedure. If the count surpasses the maximum retry threshold, it is concluded that the UE 104 is encountering poor channel conditions, such as high interference or weak signal quality.

[0079] Based on the determination, the processing unit 208 is configured to generate a downlink control information (DCI) message. The DCI message refers to acontrol signaling structure that is transmitted by the network node (i.e., the gNB) on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The DCI message carries scheduling assignments and resource allocation information from the network node to the UE 104, including parameters such as resource blocks, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), power control commands, and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process information. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. In an aspect, the reserved bit with the set value indicates the UE 104 that one of a default modulation and coding scheme table or a low SE table is to be applied for the RACH procedure and the RRC transmission setup. The low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) low spectral efficiency modulation coding scheme table used for the RACH procedure. The 64 QAM low SE table uses 64 different amplitude and phase combinations to represent data or messages, allowing for 6 bits per symbol. The 64 QAM low SE table uses a low code rate, which means more redundant bits are now added to reduce expected errors in transmitted data. By utilizing the 64 QAM low SE table, the network node can correctly decode the messages from the UE 104 even in the poor radio conditions.

[0080] In an aspect, the value in the reserved bit may be set to a first state (e.g., “0”) to indicate that the network node may continue using the default MCS table, or to a second state (e.g., “1”) to indicate that network node may switch to the 64 QAM low SE MCS table for decoding subsequent messages of the RACH procedure. The reserved bit in DCI 1 0 may be set using a binary operation. In an example, in response to the initial connection request, i.e., the MSG1, the network node may detect the low PRACH preamble power and or a high TA. Upon detection, the network node may set the reserved bit value as 1 in the DCI 1 0 message.

[0081] In an embodiment, the processing unit 208 is configured to transmit the generated DCI message to the UE 104 for performing the RACH procedure. The transmission of the DCI message enables the UE 104 to obtain the necessary schedulingconfiguration and MCS information, thereby ensuring that the UE 104 can reliably decode subsequent messages and complete the RACH procedure successfully, even under poor radio conditions.

[0082] In an embodiment, after transmitting the generated DCI message, the processing unit 208 is configured to perform a low spectral efficiency (SE) table-based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE 104 based on the generated DCI message.

[0083] In an aspect, for performing the low SE table-based RACH procedure, the processing unit 208 is configured to transmit a random access response (RAR) to the UE 104 based on the generated DCI message. The RAR is also referred to as MSG 2 of the RACH procedure. In an example, upon receiving MSG1, the processing unit 208 (i.e., the network node) sends the response MSG2. MSG2 consists of several critical pieces of information, such as the TA command for timing adjustment, a Random Access Preamble ID (RAPID) matching the preamble sent by the UE 104, and an initial uplink grant for the UE 104. The processing unit 208 (i.e., the network node) also assigns a temporary identifier called Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) to the UE 104. This MSG2 is transmitted to the UE 104 based on the generated DCI message. In particular, the reserved bit in the DCI message indicates the use of the 64-QAM low SE MCS table. Accordingly, the network node applies the 64-QAM low SE table for encoding and transmitting the RAR. The processing unit 208 maps the information elements of the RAR, such as the Time Advance command, RAPID, uplink grant, and RA-RNTI, onto transport blocks that are modulated using the 64-QAM constellation points as defined in the low SE table. By using the low SE table, the network node ensures robust decoding at the UE 104 under poor channel conditions, while enabling higher spectral utilization compared to conventional lower-order schemes.

[0084] Additionally, the processing unit 208 is configured to receive an uplink message on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from the UE 104 in response to the RAR. The uplink message may be a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message (also referred to as MSG3). Further, the processing unit 208 is configured to transmit a confirmation message to the UE based on the received uplink message. The confirmation message corresponds to a contention resolution message. The contention resolution message confirms the correct identification of the UE 104. The contention resolution message is transmitted after the network node processes the uplink message (MSG3) and is designed to confirm the identity of the successful UE 104 that will be granted resources. The contention resolution message may carry the unique identifier of the UE 104, such as a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) or another UE-specific identifier. Upon receiving the contention resolution message, the UE 104 validates the identifier and proceeds with the connection establishment.

[0085] In an embodiment, for performing the 64 QAM low SE table-based RRC transmission setup. The processing unit 208 is configured to receive an initial RRC connection request from the UE 104 upon successful completion of the RACH procedure. Further, the processing unit 208 is configured to establish an RRC connection with the UE 104. The initial RRC connection request message indicates the UE’s intent to establish an RRC connection with the serving cell and typically carries UE identity information and connection establishment cause values such as mobile- originated signalling, emergency call, or mobile-terminated services. Further, the processing unit 208 initiates the RRC connection setup procedure with the 64QAM Low SE table applied to transmission scheduling, ensuring that the downlink RRC connection setup message and subsequent uplink responses are transmitted using the Low SE 64QAM table. In an exemplary embodiment, consider a scenario where the UE 104 initiates a random access attempt under poor network conditions. For example, the received power level associated with the random access preamble is below a predefined threshold, the Timing Advance (TA) value is relatively high indicating alarge propagation delay, and multiple retransmissions of the random access preamble are detected. Based on these observations, the gNB determines that the network conditions for the UE 104 are below the preconfigured network condition threshold. In response, the gNB generates the DCI message including the reserved bit set to a specific value (e.g., “1”). The value of the reserved bit indicates to the UE 104 that the subsequent random access response (RAR) will be transmitted using the 64 QAM low SE table. This ensures that the UE 104, despite experiencing degraded channel conditions, can reliably decode the RAR and continue with the RACH procedure.

[0086] According to aspects of the present disclosure, using the 64 QAM low SE table for initial attachment or connection can improve the success rate of the RACH procedure and reduce retransmissions. This is due to the lower code rate and increased number of redundant bits supported by the 64 QAM low SE table.

[0087] In an embodiment, the present disclosure uses the MCS tables in New Radio (NR) as three different tables are defined, for example, Table 1 for 64QAM, Table 2 for 256QAM, Table 3 for low data rate. The low data rate table is also referred as the Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table. The Low SE table introduces lower coding rates and higher redundancy bits to achieve more reliable transmission under poor channel conditions. Initially, the UE 104 transmits a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble (MSG1) to the gNB to request access. Upon detecting the preamble, the gNB determines the one or more network conditions associated with the UE 104, including the received signal strength (RSRP / RSSI), Timing Advance (TA) as, and the number of RACH retransmissions tracked by a media access control (MAC) layer. Based on the determination, the gNB generates a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 1 0 message that includes a reserved bit set to a value. The reserved bit provides an indication to the UE 104 whether to apply the default Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table or a low Spectral Efficiency (SE) table for decoding subsequent transmissions. Following this, the gNB transmits the Random AccessResponse (RAR) message (MSG2), which includes the Timing Advance Command, the Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), and an initial uplink grant on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). Upon reception, the UE 104 decodes MSG2 according to the table indicated by the reserved bit in the DCI message. The UE 104 then transmits MSG3 on the PUSCH, which may include a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection Request. Further, the gNB transmits the MSG4 for contention resolution. This ensures that UEs in poor radio conditions, such as those at the cell edge, can reliably decode MSG2, MSG4, and subsequent RRC setup messages using the low SE MCS table, thereby increasing RACH success probability, minimizing retransmissions, and improving initial access efficiency of the RACH procedure. The present disclosure utilizes standardized procedures while adding a mapping mechanism that improves random access reliability without requiring modifications to the fundamental protocol structure.

[0088] In an embodiment, the database 210 may include data such as the MCS information, the DCI 1 0 format, one or more parameters related to the RRC setup, retransmission rates, and session ID, that may be either stored or generated as a result of functionalities implemented by any of the components of the system 108.

[0089] Although FIG. 2 shows exemplary components of the system 108, in other embodiments, the system 108 may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the system 108 may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the system 108.

[0090] FIG. 3 illustrates an example process flow 300 diagram for performing the RACH procedure in the network 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0091] In an embodiment, at step 304, the UE 104 initiates the initial access request to the network node 302 by selecting a random access preamble from a set of predefined preambles. The UE 104 also selects a random sequence number for the preamble. After choosing the preamble and sequence number, the UE 104 transmits the preamble on the PRACH to the network node 302.

[0092] At step 306, upon receiving the preamble on the PRACH, the network node 302 detects that the PRACH preamble is low, which indicates that the UE 104’s signal is weak. The network node 302 also assesses the TA value, which reflects a time offset required for synchronization. In an implementation, the network node 302 detects high TA.

[0093] At step 308, the network node 302 sets a value in the reserved bit within the DCI 1 0 format. The reserved bit is used to update the UE 104 about using the 64 QAM low SE table for both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) common messages. In an implementation, the reserved bit is used to update the UE 104 about using the 64 QAM low SE table for the RACH procedure (MSG2, MSG3, MSG4) and RRC SETUP. The low SE table utilizes the modulation scheme with a lower code rate and higher redundancy, which improves the robustness of the radio signal under challenging conditions.

[0094] At step 310, once the reserved bit is set, the network node 302 informs the UE 104 to apply the 64 QAM low SE table for the RACH procedure and the RRC setup.

[0095] At step 312, the network node 302 will now use the specified modulation and coding scheme to encode and decode messages MSG2, MSG3, and MSG4, which are part of the RACH procedure. The MSG2 includes several critical pieces of information, such as the TA command for timing adjustment, the Random Access Preamble ID (RAPID) matching the preamble sent by the UE 104, and an initialuplink grant for the UE (104). The MSG3 is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), which may carry a certain RRC message (e.g., RRC Request). Moreover, the UE 104 uses the same 64 QAM low SE table for the RRC connection setup which establishes connection and allocates resources within the network 106.

[0096] At step 314, the RRC setup can also be scheduled based on 64 QAM LOWSE table. The network node 302 evaluates the performance of the RACH procedure when using the default MCS table. If it detects that the RACH procedure has led to a higher number of retransmissions, which indicates difficulties in successfully completing the RACH procedure, the reserved bit in the DCI 1 0 format is set, which allows the network node 302 to switch to the 64 QAM low SE table, which further improves the performance and connectivity during the RRC setup procedure.

[0097] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of a method 400 for performing the RACH procedure in the network 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is explained with reference to FIGs. 1, 2 and 3.

[0098] The method 400, at step 402, includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request from the UE 104 comprises a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) preambles. In an aspect, the network node 302 is one of a gNodeB (gNB), an eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in the network 106.

[0099] Based on the received request, the method 400, at step 404, includes determining, by the network node 302, whether one or more network conditions of the UE 104 is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. In an aspect, the one or more network conditions includes at least one of a power level associated with the received request, a timing advance (TA) value corresponding to the received request,or a number of retransmissions associated with the RACH procedure when performed using a default scheduling modulation and coding scheme table.

[0100] Based on the determination, the method 400, at step 406, includes generating, by the network node 302, a downlink control information (DCI) message. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. In an aspect, the reserved bit with the set value indicates the UE 104 to use one of a default modulation and coding scheme table or a low SE table for the RACH procedure and the RRC transmission setup. In an aspect, the low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) low spectral efficiency modulation coding scheme table used for the RACH procedure.

[0101] The method 400, at step 408, includes transmitting, by the network node 302, the generated DCI message to the UE 104 for performing RACH procedure. In an aspect, the method includes performing, by the network node 302, a low spectral efficiency (SE) table-based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the generated DCI message. In an aspect, for performing the low SE table-based RACH procedure, the network node 302 is configured to transmit a random access response (RAR) to the UE 104 based on the generated DCI message. Additionally, the network node 302 is configured to receive an uplink message on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from the UE 104 in response to the RAR and transmit a confirmation message to the UE 104 based on the received uplink message. The confirmation message indicates a successful completion of the RACH procedure.

[0102] In an aspect, for performing the low SE table-based RRC setup for the UE 104, the network node 302 is configured to receive an initial RRC connection request from the UE 104 upon successful completion of the RACH procedure and establish an RRC connection with the UE 104.

[0103] FIG. 5 illustrates an example computer system 500 in which or with which the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0104] As shown in FIG. 5, the computer system 500 may include an external storage device 510, a bus 520, a main memory 530, a read-only memory 540, a mass storage device 550, communication port(s) 560, and a processor 570. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system 500 may include more than one processor and communication ports. The processor 570 may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication port(s) 560 may be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10 / 100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port us-ing copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port(s) 560 may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system 500 connects.

[0105] The main memory 530 may be a Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory 540 may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) instructions for the processor 570. The mass storage device 550 may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and / or instructions. Exemplary mass storage device 550 in-cludes, but is not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks.

[0106] The bus 520 communicatively couples the processor 570 with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus 520 may be, e.g. a PeripheralCom-ponent Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), or the like, for connecting expan-sion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor 570 to the computer system 500.

[0107] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g. a display, keyboard, joy-stick, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus 520 to support direct operator interaction with the computer system. Other operator and admin-istrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) 560. Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system 500 limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is described. The UE is communicatively coupled with a network, the coupling includes steps of receiving, by the network, a connection request from the UE, sending, by the network, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE and transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request. The network is configured to perform a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network conditions of the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request. The method includes generating, by the network node, a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. The method includes transmitting, by the network node, the generated DCI message to the UE for performing the RACH procedure.

[0109] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The medium includesinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method for performing a random access procedure (RACH) in a network is described. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network conditions of the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request. The method includes generating, by the network node, a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination. The DCI message includes a reserved bit that is set to a value. The method includes transmitting, by the network node, the generated DCI message to the UE for performing the RACH procedure.

[0110] The present disclosure provides a technical advancement in the field of radio access and initial attachment procedures within 5 G telecommunication networks. By enabling the use of a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Low Spectral Efficiency (SE) table for UEs experiencing poor radio conditions, the system introduces a more reliable and efficient Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure. The assignment of a reserved bit in the Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 1 0 allows the network to signal the appropriate modulation and coding scheme to the UE, ensuring critical messages such as MSG2, MSG4, and RRC SETUP are successfully decoded on the first attempt. This mechanism reduces retransmissions, optimizes radio resource utilization, and improves connection establishment reliability. Furthermore, dynamically adapting the RACH procedure based on detected UE conditions, such as low received preamble power or high timing advance, enhances network robustness and user experience in challenging radio environments. Overall, the system and method improve RACH success rates, reduce latency, and enhance operational efficiency in multi-user and cell-edge scenarios.

[0111] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing fromthe basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

[0112] The method and system of the present disclosure may be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the methods and systems of the present disclosure may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order for the steps of the method is for illustration only, and the steps of the method of the present disclosure are not limited to the order specifically described above unless specifically stated otherwise. Further, in some embodiments, the present disclosure may also be embodied as programs recorded in a recording medium, the programs including machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure also covers a recording medium storing a program for executing the method according to the present disclosure.

[0113] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as limitation.ADVANCEMENTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0114] The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages as follows:

[0115] The present disclosure enables a reserved bit in the downlink control information (DCI) message to signal the UE to select an appropriate modulation and coding scheme for the RACH procedure. This allows efficient UE configuration, ensures correct scheduling based on radio conditions, and improves the success rate of critical message decoding while reducing retransmissions.

[0116] The present disclosure provides a method that implements a 64QAM Low Spectral Efficiency (SE) table to significantly enhance the success rate of the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, particularly for User Equipments (UEs) located in cell-edge areas or experiencing poor radio conditions. This results in more reliable network access and a smoother initial attach process.

[0117] The present disclosure provides a mechanism that enables UEs to successfully decode critical messages (e.g., MSG2, MSG4, and RRC SETUP) on the first attempt, thereby reducing the need for retransmissions, conserving network resources, decreasing network congestion, and improving overall network performance.

[0118] The present disclosure provides improved decoding capability for UEs in low signal quality scenarios through the 64QAM Low SE table, resulting in faster and more reliable connection establishment. This enhances the user experience by reducing delays and connection failures during the initial attach process.

[0119] The present disclosure provides mechanisms for the gNB to dynamically apply the 64QAM Low SE table based on detected UE conditions, ensuring that UEs in poor radio environments receive the necessary support for successful communication without negatively impacting UEs in better conditions.

[0120] The present disclosure provides enhanced network robustness by addressing the challenges faced by UEs in adverse radio environments, ensuring thatthe network maintains high performance and reliability even in scenarios with fluctuating signal quality.

[0121] The present disclosure provides an improved Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup process by reducing the likelihood of message decoding failures, ensuring that UEs establish a stable connection with the network quickly and reliably, which is critical for maintaining service continuity in mobile environments.

[0122] The present disclosure provides a lower coding rate in the 64QAM Low SE table, ensuring that the spectrum is utilized more efficiently, particularly in low- quality signal areas. This leads to better overall spectrum management and enhances the network’s capacity to support more UEs simultaneously.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method (400) for performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure in a network (106), the method (400) comprising: receiving (402), by a network node (302), a request from a user equipment (UE) (104) to initiate the RACH procedure; determining (404), by the network node (302), whether one or more network conditions of the UE (104) is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request; generating (406), by the network node (302), a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination, wherein the DCI message comprises a reserved bit that is set to a value; and transmitting (408), by the network node (302), the generated DCI message to the UE (104) for performing the RACH procedure.

2. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the request from the UE (104) comprises a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) preambles.

3. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the network node (302) is one of a gNodeB (gNB), an eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in the network (106).

4. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, comprising: performing, by the network node (302), a low spectral efficiency (SE) tablebased RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE (104) based on the generated DCI message.

5. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reserved bit with the set value indicates the UE (104) to use one of a default modulation and coding scheme table or a low SE table for the RACH procedure and the RRC transmission setup.

6. The method (400) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) low spectral efficiency modulation coding scheme table used for the RACH procedure.

7. The method (400) as claimed in claim 4, wherein performing the low SE table-based RACH procedure comprises: transmitting, by the network node (302), a random access response (RAR) to the UE (104) based on the generated DCI message; receiving, by the network node (302), an uplink message on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from the UE (104) in response to the RAR; and transmitting, by the network node (302), a confirmation message to the UE (104) based on the received uplink message, wherein the confirmation message indicates a successful completion of the RACH procedure.

8. The method (400) of claim 4, wherein performing the low SE table-based RRC transmission setup for the UE (104) comprises: receiving, by the network node (302), an initial RRC connection request from the UE (104) upon successful completion of the RACH procedure; and establishing, by the network node (302), an RRC connection with the UE (104).

9. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the one or more network conditions comprise at least one of a power level associated with the received request, a timing advance (TA) value corresponding to the received request, or a number of retransmissions associated with the RACH procedure when performed using a default scheduling modulation and coding scheme table.

10. A system (108) for performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure in a network (106), the system (108) comprising: a receiving unit (202) at a network node (302) configured to receive a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure; a processing unit (208) at the network node (302) configured to: determine whether one or more network conditions of the UE (104) is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request; generate a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination, wherein the DCI message comprises a reserved bit that is set to a value; and transmit the generated DCI message to the UE (104) for performing the RACH procedure.

11. The system (108) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the request from the UE (104) comprises a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) preambles.

12. The system (108) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the network node (302) is one of a gNodeB (gNB), an eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in the network.

13. The system (108) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing unit (208) is configured to: perform a low spectral efficiency (SE) table-based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE (104) based on the generated DCI message.

14. The system (108) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the reserved bit with the set value indicates the UE (104) to use one of a default modulation and coding scheme table or a low SE table for the RACH procedure and the RRC transmission setup.

15. The system (108) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) low spectral efficiency modulation coding scheme table used for the RACH procedure.

16. The system (108) as claimed in claim 13, wherein for performing the low SE tablebased RACH procedure, the processing unit (208) is configured to: transmit a random access response (RAR) to the UE (104), wherein the UE (104) decodes the RAR based on the received DCI message; receive an uplink message on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from the UE (104) in response to the RAR; and transmit a confirmation message to the UE (104) based on the received uplink message, wherein the confirmation message indicates a successful completion of the RACH procedure.

17. The system (108) as claimed in claim 13, wherein for performing the low SE tablebased RRC transmission setup for the UE (104), the processing unit (208) is configured to: receive an initial RRC connection request from the UE (104) upon successful completion of the RACH procedure; and establish an RRC connection with the UE (104).

18. The system (108) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the one or more network conditions comprise at least one of a power level associated with the received request, a timing advance (TA) value corresponding to the received request, or a number ofretransmissions associated with the RACH procedure when performed using a default scheduling modulation and coding scheme table.

19. A user equipment (UE) (104) communicatively coupled with a network (106), the coupling comprises steps of: receiving, by the network, a connection request from the UE; sending, by the network, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE; and transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request, wherein a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure is performed in the network by a method as claimed in claim 1.

20. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute a method (400) for performing a Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure, in the network (106), the method (400) comprising: receiving (402), by a network node (302), a request from a user equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure; determining (404), by the network node (302), whether one or more network conditions of the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold based on the received request; generating (406), by the network node (302), a downlink control information (DCI) message based on the determination, wherein the DCI message comprises a reserved bit that is set to a value; and transmitting (408), by the network node (302), the generated DCI message to the UE (104) for performing the RACH procedure.

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