OD-SSB detection method

Abstract

One disclosure of the present embodiment provides a method by which a UE performs communication. The method comprises steps in which the UE: detects an OD-SSB in an active period of the OD-SSB; and measures the OD-SSB in the active period of the OD-SSB, wherein the UE skips the detection of the OD-SSB on the basis that the time difference between the active period of the OD-SSB and an active period of the previous OD-SSB is less than or equal to a first threshold value.

Description

OD-SSB Detection Method

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communication.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long-term evolution) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communication. Many methods have been proposed to achieve LTE goals, such as reducing costs for users and operators, improving service quality, expanding coverage, and increasing system capacity. As high-level requirements, 3GPP LTE demands reduced cost per bit, improved service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple structure, open interfaces, and appropriate power consumption of terminals.

[0003] Work has begun at the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components necessary to successfully standardize NR in a timely manner, satisfying both urgent market demands and the longer-term requirements presented by the ITU-R (ITU Radio Communication Sector) IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR must be able to utilize any spectrum band up to at least 100 GHz so that it can be used for wireless communication even in the distant future.

[0004] NR targets a single technical framework that covers all deployment scenarios, usage scenarios, and requirements, including eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), mMTC (massive machine type communications), and URLLC (ultra-reliable and low latency communications). NR must inherently be forward compatible.

[0005] Under certain conditions, the terminal does not perform detection for OD-SSB.

[0006] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0007] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0008] FIG. 3 shows an example of a UE to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0009] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0010] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0011] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a subframe type in NR.

[0012] Figure 7 is an example diagram showing an example of SSB in NR.

[0013] Figure 8 is an example diagram showing an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0014] Figure 9 shows an example of an OD-SSB scenario.

[0015] FIG. 10 shows an example of a SCell in which only the OD-SSB is transmitted according to the disclosure of the present specification.

[0016] FIG. 11 shows an example of a SCell in which an OD-SSB is additionally transmitted to an Always-ON SSB according to the disclosure of the present specification.

[0017] FIG. 12 shows an example of a flowchart of OD-SSB measurement in SCell according to the disclosure of the present specification.

[0018] FIG. 13 illustrates the procedure of the UE for the disclosure of the present specification.

[0019] The following techniques, devices, and systems may be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented through wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long-term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL). Evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (new radio).

[0020] For convenience of explanation, the implementation of this specification is described primarily in relation to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. However, the technical characteristics of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, the following detailed description is provided based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, but aspects of this specification that are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems may be applied to other mobile communication systems.

[0021] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to this specification.

[0022] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0023] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in this specification may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0024] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0025] Additionally, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Furthermore, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0026] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0027] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0028] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be applied to various fields where wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G) is required.

[0029] The present specification will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and / or description, the same reference numerals may refer to the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or function blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0030] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0031] The 5G usage scenario shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and the technical features of this specification may be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not shown in FIG. 1.

[0032] The three main requirements categories for 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) category.

[0033] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (1) includes wireless devices (100a to 100f), a base station (BS; 200), and a network (300). FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system (1), but the implementation of the present specification is not limited to a 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems beyond a 5G system.

[0034] The base station (200) and the network (300) can be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device can operate as a base station / network node in relation to another wireless device.

[0035] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) represent devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may also be referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may include, but are not limited to, robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), portable devices (100d), home appliances (100e), IoT devices (100f), and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs) and head-up displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signs, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0036] In this specification, wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA (personal digital assistant), a PMP (portable multimedia player), a navigation system, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a 5G service-related device, or a device related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0037] For example, a UAV can be an aircraft that is not on board and is navigated by radio control signals.

[0038] For example, a VR device may include a device for implementing objects or backgrounds in a virtual environment. For example, an AR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, an MR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them with objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device for implementing a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and playing back stereoscopic information using the phenomenon of light interference that occurs when two laser lights called holograms meet.

[0039] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or an image device that can be worn on a user's body.

[0040] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or operation. For instance, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0041] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used to diagnose, treat, alleviate, or correct an injury or damage. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a therapeutic device, a driving device, a (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid, or a surgical device.

[0042] For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent potential risks and maintain safety. For example, a security device may be a camera, closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0043] For example, a fintech device may be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a POS system.

[0044] For example, a weather / environment device may include a device for monitoring or predicting the weather / environment.

[0045] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a network after 5G. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (200) / network (300). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) / V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0046] Wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and / or between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) and / or between base station (200). Here, the wireless communication / connections can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D (device-to-device) communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access and backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals in this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and a resource allocation process.

[0047] AI refers to the field of researching artificial intelligence or the methodologies to create it, while machine learning refers to the field of researching methodologies to define and solve various problems within the realm of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through continuous experience.

[0048] A robot can refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates given tasks based on its own capabilities. In particular, a robot equipped with the ability to perceive its environment, make independent judgments, and perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, and military types depending on their purpose or field of use. Robots are equipped with drive units, including actuators or motors, to perform various physical movements, such as moving robot joints. Additionally, mobile robots include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., in their drive units, enabling them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0049] Autonomous driving refers to technology that drives itself, and an autonomous vehicle refers to a vehicle that drives without user intervention or with minimal user intervention. For example, autonomous driving can include technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, automatically adjusting speed like adaptive cruise control, driving automatically along a predetermined route, and automatically setting a route and driving once a destination is set. The term "vehicle" encompasses vehicles equipped solely with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped solely with electric motors; it can include not only automobiles but also trains and motorcycles. An autonomous vehicle can be viewed as a robot equipped with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0050] Augmented Reality is a collective term for VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects or backgrounds solely as CG images, AR technology provides virtual CG images superimposed on images of real objects, and MR technology is a CG technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it displays real-world and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference in that while virtual objects in AR technology are used to complement real-world objects, virtual and real objects in MR technology are used as equal entities.

[0051] NR supports multiple numerologies or subcarrier spacings (SCS) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0052] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0053] Frequency Range Definition Frequency Range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 450 MHz - 6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24 250 MHz - 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0054] As described above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0055] Frequency Range Definition Frequency Range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 4 10 MHz - 7 125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24 250 MHz - 5 2600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0056] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE MTC, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. For example, ZigBee technology may create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0057] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0058] In FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and / or the second wireless device (200) may be implemented in various forms depending on the use example / service. For example, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to at least one of {wireless devices (100a–100f) and base station (200)}, {wireless devices (100a–100f) and wireless devices (100a–100f)} and / or {base station (200) and base station (200)} of FIG. 1. The first wireless device (100) and / or the second wireless device (200) may be composed of various components, devices / parts and / or modules.

[0059] The first wireless device (100) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (106), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (101), and / or one or more antennas (108).

[0060] The processing chip (101) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (102), and at least one memory, such as a memory (104). Additionally and / or generally, the memory (104) may be placed outside the processing chip (101).

[0061] The processor (102) can control the memory (104) and / or the transceiver (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). The processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and process the second information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (104).

[0062] Memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) so as to be operable. Memory (104) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (104) may store firmware and / or software code (105) that implements code, instructions, and / or a set of instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, firmware and / or software code (105) may implement instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, firmware and / or software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0063] Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (108). Each transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be interchangeably used with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this specification, the first wireless device (100) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0064] The second wireless device (200) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (206), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (201), and / or one or more antennas (208).

[0065] The processing chip (201) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (202), and at least one memory, such as a memory (204). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (204) may be placed outside the processing chip (201).

[0066] The processor (202) can control the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). The processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and process the fourth information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (204).

[0067] Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) so as to be operable. Memory (204) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (204) may store firmware and / or software code (205) that implements instruction code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions that perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, firmware and / or software code (205) may implement instructions that perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, firmware and / or software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0068] Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (208). Each transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeably used with an RF unit. In this specification, the second wireless device (200) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0069] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a PHY (physical) layer, a MAC (media access control) layer, a RLC (radio link control) layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a RRC (radio resource control) layer, and an SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more PDUs (protocol data units), one or more SDUs (service data units), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in this specification.

[0070] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, and / or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, and / or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may be composed of a set of communication control processors, application processors (APs), electronic control units (ECUs), central processing units (CPUs), graphic processing units (GPUs), and memory control processors.

[0071] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may consist of random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0072] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, wireless signals, etc., to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, wireless signals, etc. from one or more other devices.

[0073] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208). Additionally and / or generally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include one or more antennas (108, 208). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas (108, 208) may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0074] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can up-convert an OFDM baseband signal into an OFDM signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal into an OFDM baseband signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202).

[0075] Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, the wireless device (100, 200) may include additional components. The additional components (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device (100, 200). For example, the additional components (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The additional components (140) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0076] In an implementation of this specification, the UE may operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL; uplink) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL; downlink). In an implementation of this specification, the base station may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. For technical convenience, it is generally assumed that the first wireless device (100) operates as a UE and the second wireless device (200) operates as a base station. For example, a processor (102) connected to, mounted on, or released to the first wireless device (100) may be configured to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (106) to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification. A processor (202) connected to, mounted on, or released to the second wireless device (200) may be configured to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (206) to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification.

[0077] In this specification, the base station may be referred to as Node B, eNode B, or gNB.

[0078] FIG. 3 shows an example of a UE to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0079] Referring to FIG. 3, the UE (100) can correspond to the first wireless device (100) of FIG. 2.

[0080] The UE (100) includes a processor (102), memory (104), transceiver (106), one or more antennas (108), a power management module (141), a battery (142), a display (143), a keypad (144), a SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) card (145), a speaker (146), and a microphone (147).

[0081] The processor (102) may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. The processor (102) may be configured to control one or more other components of the UE (100) to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Layers of a wireless interface protocol may be implemented in the processor (102). The processor (102) may include an ASIC, other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The processor (102) may be an application processor. The processor (102) may include at least one of a DSP, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor (102) is the SNAPDRAGON manufactured by Qualcomm®. TM Series processor, EXYNOS made by Samsung® TM Series processors, A Series processors made by Apple®, HELIO made by MediaTek® TM Series processors, ATOM made by Intel® TM It can be found in series processors or corresponding next-generation processors.

[0082] Memory (104) is coupled to the processor (102) so as to be operable and stores various information for operating the processor (102). Memory (104) may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. When the implementation is implemented in software, the technology described herein may be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Modules may be stored in memory (104) and executed by the processor (102). Memory (104) may be implemented within the processor (102) or outside the processor (102), in which case it may be communicatively coupled to the processor (102) through various methods known in the technology.

[0083] A transceiver (106) is coupled to operate with a processor (102) and transmits and / or receives a wireless signal. The transceiver (106) includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver (106) may include a baseband circuit for processing a wireless frequency signal. The transceiver (106) controls one or more antennas (108) to transmit and / or receive a wireless signal.

[0084] The power management module (141) manages the power of the processor (102) and / or the transceiver (106). The battery (142) supplies power to the power management module (141).

[0085] The display (143) outputs the result processed by the processor (102). The keypad (144) receives input to be used by the processor (102). The keypad (144) can be displayed on the display (143).

[0086] A SIM card (145) is an integrated circuit for securely storing an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and associated keys, and is used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile device such as a mobile phone or computer. Additionally, contact information can be stored on many SIM cards.

[0087] The speaker (146) outputs sound-related results processed by the processor (102). The microphone (147) receives sound-related input to be used by the processor (102).

[0088] <6G System General>

[0089] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be seen in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 is a table representing an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0090] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0091] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0092] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0093] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. Unlike the frequently used area spectrum efficiency, 6G systems will exhibit significantly superior volume spectrum efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, meaning mobile devices in 6G systems will not require separate charging. New network characteristics in 6G may include the following.

[0094] - Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0095] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0096] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0097] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0098] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0099] - Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0100] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0101] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0102] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0103] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0104] <Key Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0105] Artificial Intelligence

[0106] The most critical and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in 4G systems. 5G systems will support AI partially or to a very limited extent. However, 6G systems will be supported by AI for complete automation. Advancements in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0107] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0108] Recently, attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems have emerged, but these have primarily focused on the application and network layers, particularly deep learning in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, such research is increasingly advancing toward the MAC and physical layers, with attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly at the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers rather than traditional communication frameworks in terms of fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0109] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0110] Machine learning refers to a series of operations for training machines to create machines capable of performing tasks that humans can or find difficult to do. Machine learning requires data and learning models. Data learning methods in machine learning can be broadly classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0111] The purpose of neural network training is to minimize output errors. It is a process that repeatedly inputs training data into a neural network, calculates the error between the network's output and the target for the training data, and updates the weights of each node by backpropagating the error from the output layer to the input layer in a direction that reduces the error.

[0112] Supervised learning uses training data with correct answers labeled, whereas unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning regarding data classification, the training data may consist of data where each training data point is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input into a neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the network's output (category) with the labels of the training data. The calculated error is backpropagated within the neural network (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated according to this backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weights of each node being updated can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculations on the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, efficiency can be increased by using a high learning rate in the early stages of neural network training to enable the network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and accuracy can be increased by using a low learning rate in the later stages of training.

[0113] The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted from the transmitting end at the receiving end in a communication system, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0114] Learning models correspond to the human brain, and while the most basic linear models can be considered, a machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

[0115] The neural network cores used for learning methods are broadly classified into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN), and spiking neural networks (SNN).

[0116] THz Communication (Terahertz Communication)

[0117] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the broadband, it lies at the boundary of the broadband and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0118] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0119] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0120] Large-scale MIMO

[0121] One of the key technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is the application of MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology utilizes multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and operation technology suitable for the THz band must also be given important consideration to enable data signals to be transmitted through one or more paths.

[0122] Hologram Beam Forming (HBF)

[0123] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit wireless signals in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, such as a high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Holographic Beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it utilizes software-defined antennas. HBF is expected to be a highly effective approach for the efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0124] Optical wireless technology

[0125] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that transmits signals using visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV). OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390–750 nm) is generally referred to as Visible Light Communication (VLC). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be utilized for VLC implementation. VLC can be used in various applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and vehicle networks.

[0126] VLC offers the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is in the free / unlicensed band and can provide extensive bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC causes minimal interference to other electromagnetic devices. Therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers strengths in communication security and privacy protection. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks, namely visible light, cannot penetrate walls or other opaque obstacles. Consequently, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, thereby protecting users' personal and sensitive information. Fourth, since VLC can utilize lighting sources as base stations, expensive base stations are not required.

[0127] Free-space Optical Communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, or a vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for communication or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near-infrared frequencies (750–1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used for FSO implementation, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0128] These OWC technologies were planned for 6G communication in addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul / fronthaul network connections. Although OWC technologies have already been in use since 4G communication systems, they will be used more widely to meet the demands of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and broadband-based FSO communication are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical radio technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0129] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be utilized for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communication based on wide bandwidth. LiDAR refers to a remote sensing method that measures distance by illuminating an object with near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light and detecting the reflected light through an optical sensor. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0130] FSO Backhaul Network

[0131] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Consequently, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems in conjunction with fiber optic networks. Using FSO enables very long-distance communication over distances of more than 10,000 km. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote areas such as the ocean, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular backhaul connectivity.

[0132] Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

[0133] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and air networks to support vertically scalable user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. By adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom, 3D connectivity differs significantly from existing 2D networks. In NR, the Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) is considered as one method for this. An NTN refers to a network or network segment that utilizes RF resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). There are two common scenarios for NTNs that provide access to user equipment: transparent payload and regenerative payload. The following are the basic elements of an NTN.

[0134] - One or more sat-gateways connecting NTN to a public data network

[0135] - GEO satellites are supplied by one or more satellite gateways deployed across a satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental range). We assume that the UEs in a cell are serviced by only one satellite gateway.

[0136] - Non-GEO satellites providing continuous service from one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between continuous service satellite gateways with a time duration sufficient to perform mobility anchoring and handover.

[0137] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0138] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0139] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. Satellite (or UAS platform) generated beams typically produce multiple beams for a designated service area based on the line of sight. The beam footprint is generally elliptical. The satellite (or UAS platform)'s line of sight depends on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0140] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload is not altered.

[0141] - Playback Payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. This is virtually equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB).

[0142] - For satellite deployments, Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) are optional. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the broadband.

[0143] - User equipment is serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0144] Generally, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0145] Generally, LEO and MEO constellations are used to provide services in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations may provide global coverage, including the polar regions. For this to work, appropriate orbital inclination, a sufficiently generated beam, and inter-satellite links are required.

[0146] Quantum Communication

[0147] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that applies quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communications to overcome the limitations of existing technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computing. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be represented in the form of 0 and 1 based on binary bits used in conventional communication technologies, or that is difficult to represent. While conventional communication technologies utilize wavelength or amplitude for information transmission between a transmitter and a receiver, quantum communication, in contrast, utilizes photons—the smallest unit of light—for this purpose. In particular, since quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be applied to the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), quantum communication possesses the characteristic of enabling communication with guaranteed perfect security. Furthermore, under specific conditions, quantum communication may enable ultra-high-speed communication by utilizing quantum entanglement.

[0148] Cell-free Communication

[0149] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial in 6G systems. Consequently, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without the need for any manual configuration on their devices. The best network among available communication technologies is automatically selected. This will break the limitations of the cellular concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes excessive handovers in high-density networks, leading to handover failures, delays, data loss, and the "ping-pong" effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these issues and provide better QoS.

[0150] Cell-free communication is defined as a “system in which multiple geographically distributed access points (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time and frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU.” A single terminal is served by a set of multiple APs, which is called an AP cluster. There are various ways to form an AP cluster; among them, the method of configuring an AP cluster with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the terminal's reception performance is called terminal-centric clustering. When using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By introducing this terminal-centric AP clustering technique, the terminal is always located at the center of the AP cluster, thereby becoming free from inter-cluster interference that can occur when a terminal is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies, as well as heterogeneous radios used by different devices.

[0151] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0152] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transmission during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifespan of wireless battery charging systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

[0153] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0154] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously detecting dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0155] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0156] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected via backhaul connections such as fiber optics and FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

[0157] Big Data Analysis

[0158] Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large-scale data sets or big data. This process ensures perfect data management by uncovering information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer preferences. Big data is collected from various sources, such as video, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process vast amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0159] Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0160] Numerous studies have been conducted that treat the wireless environment, along with transmitters and receivers, as a variable to be optimized. To emphasize the fundamental difference between wireless environments created through this approach and past design and optimization standards, they are referred to as Smart Radio Environments (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environments (IRE). Regarding reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) as a technology for realizing SRE, various terms have been proposed, such as Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0161] THz band signals exhibit strong directivity, which can lead to numerous dead zones caused by obstacles. Consequently, RIS technology becomes crucial as it allows for the expansion of communication coverage, enhanced communication stability, and the provision of additional value-added services by installing RIS systems near these dead zones. An RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials capable of altering the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS may appear to be an extension of massive MIMO, it differs from massive MIMO in its array structure and operational mechanism. Furthermore, RIS offers the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements—meaning it reflects signals passively without using an active RF chain. Additionally, since each passive reflector in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, this can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift through the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0162] There are also RISs that can control transmission and refraction characteristics as well as reflect wireless signals, and such RISs are mainly used for O2I (Outdoor to Indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides transmission and reflection simultaneously, is also being actively researched.

[0163] Metaverse

[0164] Metaverse is a compound word formed from 'Meta,' meaning virtual or transcendent, and 'Universe,' meaning the universe. Generally, the term metaverse is used to mean something like 'a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities similar to those in the real world are prevalent.'

[0165] Extended Reality (XR), a core technology for implementing the metaverse, can expand real-world experiences and provide a unique sense of immersion through the convergence of the virtual and the real. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks enable users to experience Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) with enhanced immersion.

[0166] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0167] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to alert one another to dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to verify information like parking locations and signal change times. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, including wireless communication between vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I).

[0168] Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety. Furthermore, as the amount of information to be transmitted and received increases significantly in the future—moving beyond the level of delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations—it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving through faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0169] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0170] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones will become a critical element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity is provided using UAV technology. BS entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled degrees of freedom for mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most critical technologies for 6G communication.

[0171] Blockchain

[0172] Blockchain will become a critical technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. As a form of distributed ledger technology, a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed via a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data in a blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. These blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain inherently complements large-scale IoT perfectly through enhanced interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides various capabilities such as inter-device interoperability, large-scale data traceability, autonomous interaction with other IoT systems, and the large-scale connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0173] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a subframe type in NR.

[0174] The transmission time interval (TTI) illustrated in Fig. 6 can be referred to as a subframe or slot for NR (or new RAT). The subframe (or slot) of Fig. 6 can be used in the TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission delay. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the subframe (or slot) contains 14 symbols, similar to the current subframe. The symbols at the beginning of the subframe (or slot) can be used for the DL control channel, and the symbols at the end of the subframe (or slot) can be used for the UL control channel. The remaining symbols can be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlink transmission and uplink transmission can proceed sequentially within a single subframe (or slot). Thus, downlink data can be received within the subframe (or slot), and uplink acknowledgments (ACK / NACK) can be transmitted within that subframe (or slot). The structure of such a subframe (or slot) can be referred to as a self-contained subframe (or slot). Using this subframe (or slot) structure has the advantage of minimizing the final data transmission waiting time by reducing the time required to retransmit data that has received errors. In such a self-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap may be required during the transition process from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. To this end, some OFDM symbols during the transition from DL to UL in the subframe structure may be set as a Guard Period (GP).

[0175] <NR에서 SS 블록>

[0176] In 5G NR, the SS block (SS / PBCH Block: SSB) contains the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) containing the Master Information Block (MIB), which is necessary for the terminal to perform initial access, and the Synchronization Signal (SS) (including PSS and SSS).

[0177] Furthermore, multiple SSBs can be grouped together and defined as an SS burst, and multiple SS bursts can be grouped together and defined as an SS burst set. It is assumed that each SSB is beamformed in a specific direction, and the various SSBs within an SS burst set are designed to support terminals located in different directions.

[0178] Figure 7 shows an example of SSB in NR.

[0179] Referring to Fig. 7, the SS burst is transmitted at predetermined periodicities. Accordingly, the terminal receives the SSB and performs cell detection and measurement.

[0180] Meanwhile, in 5G NR, beam sweeping is performed on the SSB. This will be explained with reference to Fig. 8.

[0181] Figure 8 shows an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0182] The base station transmits each SSB within the SS burst while beam sweeping over time. At this time, multiple SSBs within the SS burst set are transmitted to support terminals located in different directions.

[0183] <OD-SSB (on-demand SSB)>

[0184] Unlike LTE-based communication systems, NR-based communication systems have significantly reduced the Always-on signal. Unlike CRS, which was always transmitted in LTE, SSB can be transmitted with a period of at least 5ms to a maximum of 160ms depending on the network (NW) settings.

[0185] As the number of Always-on signals that can always be transmitted regardless of traffic decreases, NR-based communication systems have achieved superior power saving benefits from a network perspective compared to LTE-based communication systems. Nevertheless, NR-based communication systems have the disadvantage that they cannot change the SSB settings depending on the presence or absence of terminals or traffic.

[0186] For example, i) when there is no terminal in a cell, or ii) when there is a terminal but there is no traffic and the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the base station may periodically transmit SSB to consume power.

[0187] If, in NR-based communication, the SSB can be turned on / off as needed or the cycle of the SSB can be changed dynamically, the network / terminal can gain the benefit of power saving.

[0188] To this end, 3GPP is discussing on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) that instructs the terminal on the presence or absence of an SSB in the SCell (Secondary cell).

[0189] Figure 9 shows an example of an OD-SSB scenario.

[0190] When the terminal receives SCell settings from the network, the terminal can receive OD-SSB indications from the network.

[0191] In this case, detection or measurement of the terminal's OD-SSB may not be expected before the terminal receives the OD-SSB indication.

[0192] When the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication with MAC-CE or RRC settings, the terminal can detect or measure the OD-SSB.

[0193] The terminal can receive information about the period or frequency for the OD-SSB in advance before receiving the OD-SSB indication.

[0194] OD-SSB can be assumed to be NCD-SSB (non-cell defining SSB). The center frequency of OD-SSB may not be located in the sync raster used by existing terminals.

[0195] In Case 1, the terminal may not receive an Always-on SSB (AO-SSB, or default SSB, reference SSB) from SCell. Therefore, until the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may not expect an SSB to detect and measure. If the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction in Case 1, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time.

[0196] In Case 2, the terminal can receive an AO-SSB from the SCell. The AO-SSB can be a CD-SSB or an NCD-SSB. The center frequency of the corresponding SSB can be located on the sink raster. The terminal can detect the AO-SSB based on a set period. If the network wishes to send the SSB more frequently as needed, the network can send an OD-SSB indication to the terminal. Based on the OD-SSB indication, the terminal can receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time.

[0197] In this specification, to reduce network energy, the operation according to the OD-SSB setting, which is transmitted only when necessary by the network or terminal, is described.

[0198] Although the disclosure of this specification is described with respect to FR1 and SCell (Secondary Cell), it may also be applied to PCell, PSCell, etc., and may also be applied to the FR2 frequency band.

[0199] The network can configure the SCell on the terminal, and the terminal can perform measurements on the configured SCell. At this time, the SCell may be in a deactivated or activated state.

[0200] The network can transmit an indication to the terminal informing it of the OD-SSB transmission for the corresponding SCell.

[0201] OD-SSB indication can be transmitted via MAC-CE (or RRC, DCI, etc.).

[0202] The terminal can receive OD-SSB indications from the network.

[0203] The terminal receives the OD-SSB indication and for a certain period of time (T activation : It can be assumed that OD-SSB is transmitted after processing time for MAC-CE, RRC, DCI, etc.

[0204] Period and frequency location information for the OD-SSB being activated can be transmitted to the terminal.

[0205] Information regarding the end time of transmission of the OD-SSB (e.g., the number of OD-SSBs being transmitted) may also be transmitted to the terminal.

[0206] Alternatively, the network may instruct the terminal to deactivate the OD-SSB transmission via MAC-CE. Based on such instruction, the network may terminate the transmission of the OD-SSB. Based on such instruction, the terminal may stop the OD-SSB-based measurement operation.

[0207] The network can transmit OD-SSB if necessary.

[0208] The terminal can request an OD-SSB from the network if necessary. Based on this, the terminal can receive an OD-SSB indication (OD-SSB Tx indication) from the network.

[0209] The terminal can receive an RRC reconfiguration from the network. Based on this, the terminal can check the configuration information for SCell. Depending on whether SSB-related information (e.g., SSB transmission location, SSB transmission period, SSB SCS, etc.) is configured in SIB1, the terminal can determine whether SSB (e.g., AO (Always On)-SSB) is transmitted in SCell.

[0210] SCell scenarios in which only OD-SSB is transmitted and SCell scenarios in which OD-SSB is transmitted in addition to Always-ON SSB will be described below.

[0211] 1. SCell that transmits only OD-SSB

[0212] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0213] FIG. 10 shows an example of a SCell in which only the OD-SSB is transmitted according to the disclosure of the present specification.

[0214] For the measurement operation (e.g., L3 measurement) of the terminal, the network may set an additional SMTC (or DRX cycle, measCycleSCell) for the terminal that corresponds to the OD-SSB (or OD-SSB burst). Alternatively, the network may notify the terminal of a setting to change the cycle of an existing SMTC to correspond to the OD-SSB being activated.

[0215] The terminal can receive an indication for an OD-SSB from the network. The indication may include information about the OD-SSB (period, frequency, active interval, etc.).

[0216] Based on this, the terminal can perform detection / measurement of OD-SSB.

[0217] If there is no SMTC setting for OD-SSB, the terminal can perform measurements for OD-SSB based on the set OD-SSB cycle.

[0218] If the terminal has the ability to measure at an OD-SSB period regardless of SMTC, the terminal can perform measurements for OD-SSB based on the set OD-SSB period even if there is a preset SMTC.

[0219] When the terminal performs a measurement based on OD-SSB, the measurement time / detection time from the time of receiving the OD-SSB indication (OD-SSB Tx indication) may be subject to the requirements (Tables 4, 5, and 6). For example, the measurement may be a measurement of a deactivated SCell in the case where there is no measurement gap (MG).

[0220] The terminal's measurement time / detection time is 'T activation + T First_OD-SSB It can be applied from a point in time past this. For example, from the time 'T was received, activation + T First_OD-SSB Measurement / detection can be performed from this point in time until the measurement / detection time of the requirements (Tables 4, 5, and 6).

[0221] T First_OD-SSB is T activationIt may be the time when the terminal receives the first OD-SSB burst (or the actual transmitted OD-SSB index) after (the point in time when OD-SSB is activated). (T First_OD-SSB : the time to receive the first OD-SSB burst (or actually transmitted OD-SSB index) after T activation ).

[0222] Table 4 shows an example of the time period for PSS / SSS detection, deactivated SCell (FR1) for deactivated SCell (FR1).

[0223] DRX cycleT PSS / SSS_sync_intra No DRXCeil(5 x K p ) x T OD-SSB x CSSF intra DRX cycle≤ 320msCeil(5 x K p ) x max(T OD-SSB , 1.5xDRX cycle) x CSSF intra DRX cycle> 320msCeil(5 x K p ) x max(T OD-SSB , DRX cycle) x CSSF intra The requirements also apply to deactivated SCG SCell.Kp is the scaling factor for an SSB frequency layer to be measured without GAPT OD-SSB : the OD-SSB period

[0224] Table 5 shows an example of a time period for time index detection, deactivated SCell (FR1). The time index detection may refer to PBCH detection included in the SSB. The terminal can detect the PBCH to obtain time information regarding the SFN, half frame, etc.

[0225] DRX cycleT SSB_time_index_intra No DRXCeil(3 x K p ) x T OD-SSB x CSSF intra DRX cycle≤ 320msCeil(3 x K p ) x max(T OD-SSB , 1.5xDRX cycle) x CSSF intra DRX cycle> 320msCeil(3 x K p ) x max(T OD-SSB , DRX cycle) x CSSF intra The requirements also apply to deactivated SCG SCell.Kp is the scaling factor for an SSB frequency layer to be measured without GAPT OD-SSB : the period of configured (activated) OD-SSB

[0226] Table 6 shows an example of a measurement period for intra-frequency measurements without gaps (deactivated SCell) (FR1) for an inactive SCell (FR1).

[0227] DRX cycleTSSB_measurement_period_intraNo DRX Ceil (5 x K p) x T OD-SSB x CSSF intra DRX cycle≤ 320msCeil(5 x K p ) x max(T OD-SSB , 1.5xDRX cycle) x CSSF intra DRX cycle> 320msCeil(5 x K p ) x max(T OD-SSB , DRX cycle) x CSSF intra The requirements also apply to deactivated SCG SCell.Kp is the scaling factor for an SSB frequency layer to be measured without GAPT OD-SSB : the OD-SSB period

[0228] The network can enable / disable OD-SSB1 and enable / disable OD-SSB2. In this case, the time difference (T) between the active intervals of the two OD-SSBs gap_OD-SSB Depending on ), the operation of the terminal (e.g., measurement execution operation) may differ.

[0229] T gap_OD-SSB This may be the time difference between the time when OD-SSB1 is inactive and the time when OD-SSB2 is active.

[0230] T gap_OD-SSB This may be the time difference between the time when OD-SSB1 is deactivated and the time when OD-SSB2 is indicated (e.g., the time when the terminal receives the indication).

[0231] T gap_OD-SSB a constant time (e.g., T gap_thIf it is less than ), the terminal may not perform the PSS / SSS detection of Table 4 and the time index detection (e.g., PBCH detection) of Table 5 for OD-SSB2. In this case, the terminal may perform only the measurement of Table 6. For example, the terminal may skip performing the PSS / SSS detection of Table 4 and the time index detection (e.g., PBCH detection) of Table 5 for OD-SSB2.

[0232] T gap_OD-SSB a constant time (e.g., T gap_th If it is greater than ), the terminal can perform measurement / detection with the requirements (Tables 4, 5, and 6) applied.

[0233] T gap_OD-SSB Accordingly, the requirements for measurement can be defined as follows:

[0234] - If the time to new OD-SSB activation (the time to first SSB complete SSB burst) is within X msec from the time to the previous OD-SSB deactivation at the same frequency, only measurement requirement (Table 6) is applied. Otherwise, PSS / SSS detection, PBCH detection (time index detection), and measurement requirements (Table 4, Table 5, Table 6) are applied.

[0235] If the new OD-SSB activation time at the same frequency is within X msec from the previous OD-SSB1 deactivation time, only the measurement requirements of Table 6 may apply. Otherwise, the requirements for PSS / SSS detection, PBCH detection (time index detection), and measurement of Tables 4, 5, and / or 6 may apply.

[0236] For example, if the time when a new OD-SSB becomes active at the same frequency is within X msec from the time when the previous OD-SSB1 becomes inactive, only the requirements of Table 6 may apply to the measurement and detection of the OD-SSB of the terminal. If the time when a new OD-SSB becomes active at the same frequency is after X msec from the time when the previous OD-SSB1 becomes inactive, all requirements (Tables 4, 5, and 6) may apply to the measurement and detection of the OD-SSB of the terminal.

[0237] For example, if the new OD-SSB activation time at the same frequency is within X msec from the previous OD-SSB1 deactivation time, the terminal may not perform PSS / SSS detection of the deactivated SCell (FR1) and time index detection of the deactivated SCell (FR1) (may skip). In this case, the terminal may perform gapless intra-frequency measurements.

[0238] For example, if the new OD-SSB activation time at the same frequency is X msec after the previous OD-SSB1 deactivation time, the terminal can perform PSS / SSS detection of the deactivated SCell (FR1), time index detection of the deactivated SCell (FR1), and gapless intra-frequency measurement.

[0239] If an activated OD-SSB becomes inactive before the terminal measures and detects the OD-SSB, the terminal may request the network to transmit the OD-SSB for additional measurement and detection.

[0240] If the settings of OD-SSB1 and OD-SSB2 configured by the network are different (e.g., if the frequency positions are different), the terminal T gap_OD-SSB Detection operations for PSS / SSS and PBCH can be performed regardless of.

[0241] 2. A SCELL where OD-SSB is transmitted in addition to the Always-ON SSB

[0242] In a SCell where Always-on SSB (AO-SSB or default SSB) is transmitted, the network may additionally transmit OD-SSB. The OD-SSB transmitted by the network may have the same SSB configuration as the AO-SSB. The OD-SSB transmitted by the network may differ from the AO-SSB only in its transmission period. Alternatively, the OD-SSB transmitted by the network may be transmitted at a different frequency location and at a different period than the AO-SSB.

[0243] 1) Case where AO-SSB and OD-SSB are the same SSB, differing only in transmission period

[0244] Based on PSS / SSS and PBCH detection information in AO-SSB, the terminal may not perform additional PBCH detection (or PSS / SSS detection and PBCH detection) operations during the OD-SSB active period (e.g., the period from the OD-SSB active time to the inactive time).

[0245] If the network sets an SMTC (or DRX cycle, measCycleSCell) for OD-SSB measurement, the terminal can perform OD-SSB measurement based on said setting. If the terminal has the capability to measure based on the OD-SSB cycle, the terminal can perform SSB measurement based on the OD-SSB cycle regardless of the SMTC (or DRX cycle, measCycleSCell) set for OD-SSB.

[0246] The terminal can combine AO-SSB-based measurements and OD-SSB-based measurements. The terminal can report a single combined measurement to the network.

[0247] Depending on the network settings, the terminal may separately report the value measured during the OD-SSB active period to the network.

[0248] 2) Case where AO-SSB and OD-SSB are transmitted at different frequency locations as different SSBs

[0249] The terminal can perform frequency retuning (RF retuning) for OD-SSB measurement.

[0250] Frequency retuning for OD-SSB measurement can cause interruption to other serving cells.

[0251] To prevent excessive interruption, the network may allow frequency retuning of the terminal at the point when the OD-SSB is enabled / disabled. Then, interruption to other serving cells may occur only at that point. While measuring the OD-SSB, measurements for the AO-SSB may be excluded.

[0252] Frequency retuning is performed after receiving the OD-SSB indication (OD-SSB Tx indication) T activation This can be performed later. If necessary, the network can set a measurement gap (MG) for OD-SSB measurement.

[0253] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0254] FIG. 11 shows an example of a SCell in which an OD-SSB is additionally transmitted to an Always-ON SSB according to the disclosure of the present specification.

[0255] Difference in transmission time between AO-SSB and OD-SSB (e.g., T gap_AO-OD-SSB ) is a certain time (T gap_thIf the value is less than ) the terminal may not be able to measure both AO-SSB and OD-SSB. In this case, the terminal may prioritize the measurement of OD-SSB and exclude the measurement of AO-SSB. Alternatively, to measure both AO-SSB and OD-SSB, the terminal may scale the measurement time to toggle the measurement of AO-SSB and OD-SSB.

[0256] Difference in transmission time between AO-SSB and OD-SSB (e.g., T gap_AO-OD-SSB ) is a certain time (T gap_th If the value is greater than ) the terminal can perform measurements for both AO-SSB and OD-SSB.

[0257] When a measurement gap (MG) is set for OD-SSB, the time difference between the SMTC of AO-SSB and the MG of OD-SSB (e.g., T gap_SMTC-MG ) is a certain time (T gap_th If the value is less than ) the terminal may not be able to perform measurements for both AO-SSB and OD-SSB. In this case, the terminal may prioritize the measurement of OD-SSB and exclude (or skip) the measurement of AO-SSB. Alternatively, to measure both AO-SSB and OD-SSB, the terminal may scale the measurement time to toggle the measurements of AO-SSB and OD-SSB.

[0258] When the terminal measures OD-SSB, the terminal can utilize information regarding PSS / SSS and PBCH detected in AO-SSB. In this case, the terminal can exclude (or skip) the detection operation of PBCH or PSS / SSS / PBCH of OD-SSB.

[0259] The terminal can combine the AO-SSB measurement value and the OD-SSB measurement value and report them to the network.

[0260] If the transmission power of AO-SSB and OD-SSB is different, the network may transmit to the terminal transmission power information for AO-SSB and OD-SSB or information about the difference between the two transmission powers.

[0261] The measurement and detection times of OD-SSB may be subject to the requirements (Tables 4, 5, and 6).

[0262] The aforementioned operations can also be applied to L1 measurement, L3 measurement, SCell activation, handover, etc.

[0263] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0264] FIG. 12 shows an example of a flowchart of OD-SSB measurement in SCell according to the disclosure of the present specification.

[0265] 1) When AO-SSB is being transmitted to SCell

[0266] The terminal can receive an OD-SSB1 indication. The indication may include information that the center frequency of the OD-SSB1 is different from the center frequency of the AO-SSB. The indication may include information about the OD-SSB1 (period, frequency, active interval, etc.).

[0267] The terminal can receive the MG configuration for SCell's OD-SSB measurement.

[0268] Difference in transmission time between AO-SSB and OD-SSB (T gap_AO-OD-SSB ) is the threshold T gap_thIn the case of being smaller, the terminal can only perform measurements and detections for OD-SSB. For example, the terminal can perform PSS / SSS detection for OD-SSB, PBCH detection for OD-SSB, and measurements (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) for OD-SSB.

[0269] Difference in transmission time between AO-SSB and OD-SSB (T gap_AO-OD-SSB ) is the threshold T gap_th In the case where it is larger, the terminal can perform both measurement (and detection) for OD-SSB and measurement (and detection) for AO-SSB. For example, the terminal can perform PSS / SSS detection for OD-SSB, PBCH detection for OD-SSB, measurement (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) for OD-SSB, PSS / SSS detection for AO-SSB, PBCH detection for AO-SSB, and measurement (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) for AO-SSB.

[0270] 2) If AO-SSB is not being transmitted to SCell

[0271] The terminal can receive an OD-SSB1 indication. The indication may include information about the OD-SSB1 (period, frequency, active interval, etc.).

[0272] The terminal can perform measurement and detection on OD-SSB1. For example, the terminal can perform PSS / SSS detection on OD-SSB1, PBCH detection on OD-SSB1, and measurement (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) on OD-SSB1. Such operations can be performed during the active period of OD-SSB1.

[0273] The OD-SSB1 active period ends and OD-SSB1 can be deactivated.

[0274] The terminal can receive an OD-SSB2 indication. The indication may include information about the OD-SSB2 (period, frequency, active interval, etc.).

[0275] Time difference (T) between the time of OD-SSB1 inactivity and the time of OD-SSB2 activation gap_OD-SSB ) is the threshold T gap_th If it is smaller, the terminal may exclude (or skip) PSS / SSS detection for OD-SSB2 and PBCH detection for OD-SSB2. In this case, the terminal may perform measurements (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) for OD-SSB2. This operation may be performed during the OD-SSB2 active period.

[0276] Time difference (T) between the time of OD-SSB1 inactivity and the time of OD-SSB2 activation gap_OD-SSB ) is the threshold T gap_th If it is larger, the terminal can perform measurement and detection for OD-SSB2. For example, the terminal can perform PSS / SSS detection for OD-SSB2, PBCH detection for OD-SSB2, and measurement (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) for OD-SSB2. Such operations can be performed during the OD-SSB2 active period.

[0277] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0278] FIG. 13 illustrates the procedure of the UE for the disclosure of the present specification.

[0279] 1. A UE (User Equipment) can perform detection of the OD-SSB (on-demand Synchronization Signal Block) during the activation period of the OD-SSB.

[0280] 2. The UE can perform a measurement of the OD-SSB during the active period of the OD-SSB.

[0281] Based on the fact that the time difference between the active period of the above OD-SSB and the active period of the previous OD-SSB is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE can skip detection of the above OD-SSB.

[0282] The step of the UE performing detection of the OD-SSB may include: the step of the UE performing PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal) or SSS (Secondary synchronization signal) detection of the OD-SSB; and the step of the UE performing time index detection of the OD-SSB.

[0283] The measurement of the above OD-SSB may be an intra-frequency measurement.

[0284] Detection of the above OD-SSB and measurement can be performed in SCell.

[0285] The above UE can receive an indication of the OD-SSB from the network.

[0286] The detection and measurement of the above OD-SSB can be performed based on the indication of the above OD-SSB.

[0287] The above UE can receive an indication of the OD-SSB from the network.

[0288] The above indication may include information about the active section of the OD-SSB.

[0289] The above OD-SSB and the above previous OD-SSB may have the same frequency.

[0290] i. Based on the fact that the frequency of the above OD-SSB and the above previous OD-SSB are different, a step in which the UE performs detection of the above OD-SSB can be performed regardless of the time difference between the active period of the above OD-SSB and the active period of the above previous OD-SSB.

[0291] The above UE can receive the OD-SSB during the active period of the OD-SSB.

[0292] The above UE can receive AO-SSB (Always-on SSB).

[0293] Based on i) that the frequencies of the OD-SSB and the AO-SSB are different, and ii) that the time difference between the time of receiving the OD-SSB and the time of receiving the AO-SSB is less than or equal to a second threshold, the UE may skip detection and measurement of the AO-SSB.

[0294] The above UE can receive the OD-SSB during the active period of the OD-SSB.

[0295] The above UE can receive AO-SSB (Always-on SSB).

[0296] Based on i) the frequencies of the OD-SSB and the AO-SSB being different, and ii) the time difference between the time of receiving the OD-SSB and the time of receiving the AO-SSB exceeding a second threshold, the UE can perform detection and measurement of the AO-SSB.

[0297] The above UE can perform measurements for AO-SSB (Always-on SSB).

[0298] The above UE can report SSB measurement values ​​to the network.

[0299] Based on the fact that the frequencies of the OD-SSB and the AO-SSB are the same, the SSB measurement value may be a value obtained by combining the result of the measurement for the OD-SSB and the result of the measurement for the AO-SSB.

[0300] Hereinafter, a device for performing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0301] For example, the device may include a processor, a transceiver, and memory.

[0302] For example, the processor can be configured to be operablely coupled with memory and the processor.

[0303] The operation performed by the processor includes: a step in which a UE (User Equipment) performs detection of the OD-SSB (on-demand Synchronization Signal Block) during the activation period of the OD-SSB; a step in which the UE performs measurement of the OD-SSB during the activation period of the OD-SSB, and based on the fact that the time difference between the activation period of the OD-SSB and the previous activation period of the OD-SSB is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE may skip detection of the OD-SSB.

[0304] Hereinafter, a processor of a device for providing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0305] The operation performed by the processor includes: a step in which a UE (User Equipment) performs detection of the OD-SSB (on-demand Synchronization Signal Block) during the activation period of the OD-SSB; a step in which the UE performs measurement of the OD-SSB during the activation period of the OD-SSB, and based on the fact that the time difference between the activation period of the OD-SSB and the previous activation period of the OD-SSB is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE may skip detection of the OD-SSB.

[0306] Hereinafter, a non-volatile computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for providing mobile communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0307] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure may be directly implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of both. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or other storage media.

[0308] In some examples, storage media are coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage media. Alternatively, the storage media can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage media can reside in an ASIC. In other examples, the processor and storage media can reside as separate components.

[0309] Computer-readable media may include tangible and non-volatile computer-readable storage media.

[0310] For example, non-volatile computer-readable media may include RAM (Random Access Memory) such as SDRAM (Synchronization Dynamic Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), and NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory); read-only memory (EEPROM); flash memory; magnetic or optical data storage media; or other media that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-volatile computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0311] Additionally, the method described herein may be realized at least partially by a computer-readable communication medium that transmits or transmits code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0312] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable medium stores one or more instructions thereon. The stored one or more instructions can be executed by a processor of a base station.

[0313] One or more stored commands include the step of a UE (User Equipment) performing detection of the OD-SSB (on-demand Synchronization Signal Block) during the activation period of the OD-SSB; the step of the UE performing measurement of the OD-SSB during the activation period of the OD-SSB, and based on the fact that the time difference between the activation period of the OD-SSB and the previous activation period of the OD-SSB is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE may skip detection of the OD-SSB.

[0314] Specifications can have various effects.

[0315] For example, under certain conditions, detection of OD-SSB is not performed, thereby increasing efficiency.

[0316] The effects obtainable through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person with ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0317] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. As a method, A step in which the UE (User Equipment) performs detection of the OD-SSB (on-demand Synchronization Signal Block) during the activation period of the OD-SSB; The above UE includes the step of performing a measurement of the OD-SSB during the active period of the OD-SSB, and A method in which the UE skips detection of the OD-SSB based on the fact that the time difference between the active period of the OD-SSB and the active period of the previous OD-SSB is less than or equal to a first threshold.

2. In Paragraph 1, The step in which the above UE performs detection for the OD-SSB is: The step of the UE performing PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal) or SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal) detection for the OD-SSB; and A method comprising the step of the UE performing time index detection for the OD-SSB.

3. In Paragraph 1, The measurement of the above OD-SSB is a method of intra-frequency measurement.

4. In Paragraph 1, The detection and measurement of the above OD-SSB are performed in a method in SCell.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above UE further includes the step of receiving an indication for the OD-SSB from the network, and A method in which detection of the above OD-SSB and measurement are performed based on indication of the above OD-SSB.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above UE further includes the step of receiving an indication for the OD-SSB from the network, and The above indication is a method that includes information about the active section of the OD-SSB.

7. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above OD-SSB and the above previous OD-SSB have the same frequency.

8. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the UE performs the step of detecting the OD-SSB regardless of the time difference between the active period of the OD-SSB and the active period of the previous OD-SSB, based on the fact that the frequency of the OD-SSB and the previous OD-SSB are different.

9. In Paragraph 1, The step of the UE receiving the OD-SSB during the active period of the OD-SSB; The above UE further includes the step of receiving an AO-SSB (Always-on SSB), and A method in which the UE skips detection and measurement of the AO-SSB based on i) that the frequencies of the OD-SSB and the AO-SSB are different, and ii) that the time difference between the time of receiving the OD-SSB and the time of receiving the AO-SSB is less than or equal to a second threshold.

10. In Paragraph 1, The step of the UE receiving the OD-SSB during the active period of the OD-SSB; The step of the above UE receiving an AO-SSB (Always-on SSB); and A method further comprising the step of the UE performing detection and measurement of the AO-SSB based on i) the frequencies of the OD-SSB and the AO-SSB being different and ii) the time difference between the time of receiving the OD-SSB and the time of receiving the AO-SSB exceeding a second threshold.

11. In Paragraph 1, The step of the above UE performing a measurement for AO-SSB (Always-on SSB); and The above UE further includes the step of reporting SSB measurement values ​​to the network, A method in which, based on the fact that the frequencies of the OD-SSB and the AO-SSB are the same, the SSB measurement value is a value obtained by combining the result of the measurement for the OD-SSB and the result of the measurement for the AO-SSB. As 12.UE, At least one memory; and At least one processor operablely connectable to the above at least one memory, The above at least one memory is a device in which the operation performed by the at least one processor based on execution by the at least one processor is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. As an apparatus in mobile communication, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions and is operablely electrically connected to at least one processor, and A device in which the operation performed based on the execution of the above instruction by the at least one processor is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium in which, when the above instructions are executed by one or more processors, the operation that causes the one or more processors to perform is a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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