Apparatus and method for performing integrated sensing and communication by using reference signal in wireless communication system

Abstract

The purpose of the present disclosure is to perform sensing on a target by using a reference signal in a wireless communication system, and a method therefor may comprise the steps of: receiving a plurality of downlink reference signals from a base station; performing measurement on the plurality of downlink reference signals; transmitting, to the base station, a feedback signal generated on the basis of the measurement; performing a connection establishment procedure on the basis of the feedback signal; receiving, from the base station, information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined on the basis of reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals; transmitting an uplink reference signal on the basis of the information related to the RoI; and performing sensing on a target on the basis of a reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

Description

Device and method for performing integrated sensing and communication using a reference signal in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically to an apparatus and method for performing integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) by utilizing a reference signal in a wireless communication system.

[0002] Wireless access systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Generally, a wireless access system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

[0003] In particular, as many communication devices require large communication capacities, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology is being proposed as an improvement over existing radio access technology (RAT). Furthermore, communication systems are being proposed that consider not only massive machine type communications (mmTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, but also services and user equipment (UE) that are sensitive to reliability and latency. Various technical configurations are being proposed to achieve this.

[0004] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for performing integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) by utilizing a reference signal in a wireless communication system.

[0005] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for performing sensing using a reflected signal of a reference signal in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for requesting information regarding a region of interest (RoI) received from a base station in a wireless communication system.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for receiving information regarding a region of interest (RoI) received from a base station in a wireless communication system.

[0008] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for determining the power of a reference signal for sensing in a wireless communication system.

[0009] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for determining a region of interest based on a beam index value in a wireless communication system.

[0010] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the position or velocity of a target in a wireless communication system.

[0011] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for transmitting an uplink reference signal to be used for sensing based on a scheduling request in a wireless communication system.

[0012] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for determining a location where a reference signal for sensing is allocated within a resource block structure in a wireless communication system.

[0013] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for simultaneously transmitting a reference signal for transmitting a signal and a data signal regarding sensing of a target in a wireless communication system.

[0014] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for performing digital beamforming on a signal and a data signal related to sensing in a wireless communication system.

[0015] The technical objectives to be achieved in this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned technical problems may be considered by those skilled in the art to which the technical configuration of this disclosure applies, based on the embodiments of this disclosure described below.

[0016] As an example of the present disclosure, the method may include: receiving a plurality of downlink reference signals from a base station; performing a measurement of the plurality of downlink reference signals; transmitting a feedback signal generated based on the measurement to the base station; performing a connection establishment procedure based on the feedback signal; receiving information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station; transmitting an uplink reference signal based on the information related to the region of interest; and performing sensing of a target based on the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

[0017] As an example of the present disclosure, the method comprises the steps of transmitting a plurality of downlink reference signals, performing a measurement of a reflected signal of the downlink reference signals, receiving a feedback signal generated from a terminal based on the reference signals, performing a connection establishment procedure based on the feedback signal, transmitting information related to a region of interest determined based on the measurement of the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals to the terminal, and receiving an uplink reference signal, wherein the uplink reference signal may be transmitted to a base station through a first beam of the terminal and transmitted to a target through a second beam of the terminal.

[0018] As an example of the present disclosure, the device comprises a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor receives a plurality of downlink reference signals from a base station, performs measurements on the plurality of downlink reference signals, transmits a feedback signal generated based on the measurements to the base station, performs a connection establishment procedure based on the feedback signal, receives information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station, transmits an uplink reference signal based on the information related to the region of interest, and performs sensing of a target based on the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

[0019] As an example of the present disclosure, the device comprises a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor transmits a plurality of downlink reference signals, performs a measurement of the reflected signals of the downlink reference signals, receives a feedback signal generated from a terminal based on the reference signals, performs a connection establishment procedure based on the feedback signal, transmits information related to a region of interest determined based on the measurement of the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals to the terminal, and is configured to receive an uplink reference signal, wherein the uplink reference signal may be transmitted to the base station through a first beam of the terminal and transmitted to a target through a second beam of the terminal.

[0020]

[0021] As an example of the present disclosure, a terminal comprises at least one processor and at least one computer memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that direct operations as executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations may include receiving a plurality of downlink reference signals from a base station, performing a measurement of the plurality of downlink reference signals, transmitting a feedback signal generated based on the measurement to the base station, performing a connection establishment procedure based on the feedback signal, receiving information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station, transmitting an uplink reference signal based on the information related to the region of interest, and performing sensing of a target based on the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

[0022] As an example of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction comprises said at least one instruction executable by a processor, said at least one instruction may be configured such that the device receives a plurality of downlink reference signals from a base station, performs a measurement of said plurality of downlink reference signals, transmits a feedback signal generated based on said measurement to the base station, performs a connection establishment procedure based on said feedback signal, receives information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on said reflection signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station, transmits an uplink reference signal based on said information related to the region of interest, and performs sensing of a target based on said reflection signal of the uplink reference signal.

[0023] The embodiments of the present disclosure described above are merely some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments reflecting the technical features of the present disclosure can be derived and understood by those skilled in the art based on the detailed description of the present disclosure set forth below.

[0024] The following effects may be achieved by embodiments based on the present disclosure.

[0025] According to the present disclosure, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) can be efficiently performed by utilizing a reference signal.

[0026] The effects obtainable from the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects can be clearly derived and understood by a person skilled in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure applies from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. That is, unintended effects resulting from implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure can also be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] The drawings attached below are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure together with the detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with one another to form new embodiments. Reference numerals in each drawing may denote structural elements.

[0028] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a terminal and a base station applicable to the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G (6th generation) system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 6 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 7 illustrates a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 8 illustrates a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 9 illustrates a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 10 illustrates a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 11 illustrates a system information transmission procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 12 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 13 illustrates an example in which an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is utilized.

[0041] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an IMT-2030 capability according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an ISAC structure according to a sensing subject according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the structure of a transmitting device and a receiving device of an OFDM radar according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station transmits information related to the location of a target to a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal receives information related to the location of a target from a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station determines information related to the location of a target according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station and a terminal generate a table regarding measurement result values ​​based on a reference signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal performs location estimation based on information related to the location of a target according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station and a terminal perform a random access procedure and determine an area where a target exists, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 23a illustrates an example of a resource block structure of a DMRS according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 23b illustrates an example of a resource block structure of a sounding reference signal (SRS) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIGS. 24a to 24c illustrate examples of resource block structures in which reference signals are allocated for multiple targets according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal estimates the distance or speed of a target based on a reference signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal transmits an uplink reference signal to a region of interest according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of signaling between a terminal and a base station for performing on-device-based ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0057] FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0058] FIG. 30 illustrates an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.

[0059] FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.

[0060] FIG. 32 illustrates an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0061] FIG. 33 illustrates an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure.

[0062] FIG. 34 illustrates an example of an AI device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0063] The following embodiments are combinations of the components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, some components and / or features may be combined to form embodiments of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of any embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of other embodiments.

[0064] In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that could obscure the gist of the present disclosure have not been described, nor have procedures or steps that are understandable to those skilled in the art been described.

[0065] Throughout the specification, when a part is described as "comprising" or "including" a component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components. Furthermore, terms such as "...part," "...unit," and "module" as used in the specification refer to a unit that performs at least one function or operation, and this may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Additionally, "one (a or an)," "one," "the," and similar related terms may be used in the context describing the present disclosure (particularly in the context of the following claims) in both singular and plural forms, unless otherwise indicated in the specification or clearly contradicted by the context.

[0066] In this specification, the embodiments of the present disclosure are described with a focus on the data transmission and reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, the base station refers to a terminal node of a network that communicates directly with a mobile station. Specific operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node of the base station.

[0067] That is, in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. In this case, 'base station' may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNB (eNode B), gNB (gNode B), ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point.

[0068] Additionally, in embodiments of the present disclosure, the term terminal may be replaced with terms such as user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), subscriber station (SS), mobile subscriber station (MSS), mobile terminal, or advanced mobile station (AMS).

[0069] Furthermore, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that provides data or voice services, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that receives data or voice services. Therefore, in the case of the uplink, a mobile station can be the transmitting end and a base station can be the receiving end. Similarly, in the case of the downlink, a mobile station can be the receiving end and a base station can be the transmitting end.

[0070] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of the wireless access systems, such as IEEE 802.xx systems, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) systems, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) systems, 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) systems and 3GPP2 systems, and in particular, embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents.

[0071] In addition, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems and are not limited to the systems described above. For example, they may be applicable to systems applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system and are not limited to specific systems.

[0072] That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described by referring to the aforementioned documents. Additionally, all terms disclosed in this document may be explained by the aforementioned standard documents.

[0073] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiment in which the technical configuration of the present disclosure can be implemented.

[0074] Additionally, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and the use of such specific terms may be modified in other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

[0075] The following technology can be applied to various wireless access systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access).

[0076]

[0077] For the sake of clarity, the following description is based on 3GPP communication systems (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical scope of this disclosure is not limited thereto. LTE may refer to technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 onwards. Specifically, LTE technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 onwards is referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 onwards may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may refer to technology from TS 38.xxx Release 15 onwards. 3GPP 6G may refer to technology from TS Release 17 and / or Release 18 onwards. "xxx" indicates a specific standard document number. LTE / NR / 6G may be collectively referred to as 3GPP systems.

[0078] Regarding the background technology, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in this disclosure, reference may be made to standard documents published prior to this disclosure. For example, reference may be made to standard documents 36.xxx and 38.xxx.

[0079]

[0080] Communication systems applicable to the present disclosure

[0081] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of the disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0082] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0083] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the present disclosure applies.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (100) to which the present disclosure applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (100g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (100c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (100d) may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance (100e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (100f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc.For example, the base station (120) and network (130) may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0085] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (130) through a base station (120). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (100g) through the network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (120) / network (130), but may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Also, an IoT device (100f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0086] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) / base station (120) and between base station (120) / base station (120). Here, wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), a resource allocation process, etc.

[0087]

[0088] Devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0089] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 2, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0091] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operations disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0092] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., functional layers such as PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource control), and SDAP (service data adaptation protocol). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one PDU (Protocol Data Unit) and / or at least one SDU (service data unit) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document.

[0093] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. At least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be included in at least one processor (202) or stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0094] At least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. At least one memory (204) may be composed of ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random access memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. At least one memory (204) may be located inside and / or outside of at least one processor (202). Additionally, at least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0095] At least one transceiver (206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Additionally, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document through at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., using at least one processor (202). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using at least one processor (202).To this end, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0096] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 2 may be referred to by other terms in terms of their function. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as the control unit, the transceiver (206) as the communication unit, and the memory (204) as the storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a part of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0097] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 2 can be understood as the structure of at least part of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device exemplified in FIG. 2 may be at least part of the various devices described with reference to FIG. 1 (e.g., robot (100a), vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), XR device (100c), portable device (100d), home appliance (100e), IoT device (100f), AI device / server (100g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, the device may include other components in addition to the components exemplified in FIG. 2.

[0098] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., audio input / output port, video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user.

[0099] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), or ship. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a drive unit comprising at least one of an engine, motor, power train, wheel, brake, and steering device of the device; a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc.; a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting; and a position measurement unit that acquires position information of the moving body through a GPS (global positioning system) and various sensors.

[0100] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a HUD (head-up display) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that acquires control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs a generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses state information, environment information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0101] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a drive unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving robot joints.

[0102] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, projector, smartphone, PC, laptop, digital broadcasting terminal, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB), radio, washing machine, refrigerator, digital signage, robot, vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that learns a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data.

[0103] The structure of the wireless device exemplified in FIG. 2 can be understood as part of a RAN node (e.g., base station, DU, RU, RR, etc.). That is, the device exemplified in FIG. 2 may be a RAN node. In this case, the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communication. However, if the front haul and / or back haul communication is based on wireless communication, at least one transceiver (206) exemplified in FIG. 2 is used for front haul and / or back haul communication, and the wired transceiver may not be included.

[0104]

[0105] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure. For example, the transmission signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit (300) may include a scrambler (310), a modulator (320), a layer mapper (330), a precoder (340), a resource mapper (350), and a signal generator (360). In this case, for example, the operation / function of FIG. 3 may be performed in the processor (202) and / or transceiver (206) of FIG. 2. Also, for example, the hardware elements of FIG. 3 may be implemented in the processor (202) and / or transceiver (206) of FIG. 2. For example, blocks 310 to 360 may be implemented in the processor (202) of FIG. 2. Additionally, blocks 310 to 350 may be implemented in the processor (202) of FIG. 2, and block 360 may be implemented in the transceiver (206) of FIG. 2, and are not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0106] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (300) of FIG. 3. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). Here, the information block may include data related to AI (e.g., training data, AI model data, input data, output data, etc.), and the codeword may be an encoded bit sequence corresponding to the data related to AI. The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH). Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (310). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (320). Modulation methods may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-binary phase shift keying), m-PSK (m-phase shift keying), m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation), etc.

[0107] A complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to at least one transmission layer by a layer mapper (330). Here, a transmission layer is a logical resource unit for mapping signals or data transmitted through spatial resources to antenna ports, and one transmission layer can correspond to one stream or one antenna port. Each complex modulation symbol included in the complex modulation symbol sequence is mapped to at least one transmission layer, thereby determining which antenna port it will be transmitted through. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (340). The output z of the precoder (340) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (330) by an N×M precoding matrix W, where N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (340) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (340) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0108] A resource mapper (350) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (360) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (360) may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0109] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (310 to 360) of FIG. 3. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 200 in FIG. 2) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0110]

[0111] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a terminal and a base station applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of a terminal (410) and a base station (420) transmitting and / or receiving data, and the operation performed prior to this.

[0112] Referring to FIG. 4, in step 401, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) perform synchronization. For example, the terminal (410) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (410) can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted from the base station (420) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the terminal (410) can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, slot, and / or symbol of the base station (420) and obtain information about the base station (420) (e.g., cell identifier).

[0113] In step 403, the terminal (410) obtains system information transmitted from the base station (420). The system information is information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (420) required to connect to the base station (420) and use the service, and can be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc., and can be classified, for example, into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). If necessary, the terminal (410) may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. The system information may include information related to AI functions. For example, the system information is information required for operations performed based on AI, and may include at least one of information related to an AI model, information related to training, and information related to inference / prediction. However, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0114] In step 405, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) perform a random access procedure. The terminal (410) may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, RAR (random access response) message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the base station (420) obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (410) may transmit a preamble (e.g., MSG1) through the random access channel, receive a RAR message (e.g., MSG2), transmit a message (e.g., MSG3) containing information related to the terminal (410) (e.g., identification information) to the base station (420) using scheduling information included in the RAR message, and receive a message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. As another example, MSG1 and MSG3 can be transmitted and received as a single message, or MSG2 and MSG4 can be transmitted and received as a single message.

[0115] In step 407, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) perform signaling of control information. Here, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and signaling to indicate allocated resources. Additionally, the signaling of control information may be performed to convey information related to AI functions. For example, information related to AI functions is information necessary for operations performed based on AI, and may include at least one of information related to an AI model, information related to training, and information related to inference / prediction. More specifically, the information related to the AI ​​function signaled in step 407 can be combined and / or combined with the information related to the AI ​​function signaled in step 403, and both can be defined as having a hierarchical, mutually complementary, or substitute structure.

[0116] In step 409, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) transmit and / or receive data. That is, the terminal (410) and the base station (420) can process, transmit and / or receive data based on the signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (410) or the base station (420) may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, the terminal (410) or the base station (420) may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding. Here, the transmitted data is AI-related data, and may include, for example, data for AI-based operations or data generated by AI-based operations.

[0117] Steps 401 through 409 described with reference to FIG. 4 must not necessarily be performed in the order exemplified in FIG. 4, and the order of at least some of the steps may vary. Additionally, at least some of steps 401 through 409 may be combined into a single step or omitted. That is, the steps exemplified in FIG. 4 may be performed in various modified forms.

[0118]

[0119] 6G communication systems and core implementation technologies of 6G systems

[0120] 5G systems define various operating bands within FR1 (frequency range 1), which includes 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, and FR2 (frequency range 2), which includes 24,250 MHz to 71,000 MHz. Various frequencies are being discussed as operating bands for subsequent 6G systems, and the use of frequencies higher than those of 5G systems is also being considered for wider bandwidth and higher transmission speeds. As one example, the use of the THz (Terahertz) frequency band, which includes approximately 100 GHz to 10 THz, is being discussed. The THz frequency band is a band that possesses both the penetrability of radio waves and the directivity of optical waves, and communication using the THz frequency band is expected to play a transitional role from existing radio-based communication to optical-based communication.

[0121] As such, 6G systems utilizing the THz frequency band aim for i) very high data rates per device, ii) a very large number of connected devices, iii) global connectivity, iv) very low latency, v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of 6G systems can be four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity," "deep connectivity," "holographic connectivity," and "ubiquitous connectivity," and 6G systems can be designed to satisfy requirements such as those shown in [Table 1] below.

[0122] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100 bps / HzMobility supportup to 1000 km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0123] At this time, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLC), mMTC (massive machine type communications), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0124] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5, the 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. In this case, the 6G system will have significantly superior volumetric spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area-spectral efficiency. The 6G system can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in the 6G system may not need to be charged separately. New network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

[0125] - Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0126] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0127] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0128] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0129] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0130] - Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0131] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0132] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0133] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0134] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0135] To satisfy the aforementioned characteristics, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, FSO backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) may be adopted as core implementation technologies of the 6G system.

[0136] For example, THz communication can be utilized in 6G systems. THz communication is a communication that uses a spectrum in the frequency band between 0.3 THz and 3 THz with a corresponding wavelength in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm as shown in Fig. 6. Referring to Fig. 6, the frequency band of the THz wave is located in the intermediate region between the infrared band and the millimeter wave band; accordingly, the THz wave can be understood as a radio wave with the shortest wavelength and, at the same time, a light wave with the longest wavelength. As a result, the THz wave shares some characteristics of infrared and microwave waves, and specifically, can simultaneously possess the penetrability of electromagnetic waves and the directivity of light waves.

[0137]

[0138] FIG. 7 illustrates a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7, THz wireless communication utilizes THz waves having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 10¹² Hz) for wireless communication, and may refer to terahertz (THz) band wireless communication using a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or higher. THz waves are located between the RF (Radio Frequency) / millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) they penetrate non-metallic / non-polar materials well compared to visible light / infrared, and have high directivity and beam focusing capabilities due to their shorter wavelength compared to RF / millimeter waves.

[0139] In addition, since the photon energy of THz waves is only a few meV, they have the characteristic of being harmless to the human body. The frequency bands expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be the D-band (110 GHz–170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz–325 GHz) bands, where radio wave loss due to absorption by molecules in the air is small. Standardization discussions regarding THz wireless communication are being conducted primarily by the IEEE 802.15 THz WG (working group) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents published by IEEE 802.15 TG (task group) (e.g., TG3d, TG3e) may elaborate on or supplement the contents described in this specification. THz wireless communication can be applied to wireless cognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, etc.

[0140] Specifically, referring to Fig. 7, THz wireless communication scenarios can be classified into macro networks, micro networks, and nanoscale networks. In macro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connections and backhaul / fronthaul connections. In micro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections, such as indoor small cells and wireless connections in data centers, as well as near-field communication, such as kiosk downloading. Table 2 below shows an example of a technology that can be utilized in the THz band.

[0141] Transceivers DeviceAvailable immature: UTC-PD, RTD and SBDModulation and codingLow order modulation techniques (OOK, QPSK), LDPC, Reed Soloman, Hamming, Polar, TurboAntennaOmni and Directional, phased array with low number of antenna elementsBandwidth69 GHz (or 23 GHz) at 300 GHzChannel modelsPartiallyData rate100 GbpsOutdoor deploymentNoFee space lossHighCoverageLowRadio Measurements300 GHz inddorDevice sizeFew micrometers

[0142] FIG. 8 illustrates a method for generating a THz signal applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 9 also illustrates a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. Optical device-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates an ultra-high-speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator, and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high-speed photodetector. Compared to technology using only electronic devices, this technology makes it easier to increase the frequency, enables the generation of high-power signals, and allows for flat response characteristics over a wide frequency band. For optical device-based THz signal generation, a laser diode, a broadband optical modulator, and an ultra-high-speed photodetector are required, as illustrated in FIG. 8. In the case of FIG. 8, light signals from two lasers with different wavelengths are combined to generate a THz signal corresponding to the wavelength difference between the lasers. In FIG. 8, an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that uses light waves to transmit electrical signals in order to provide coupling with electrical isolation between circuits or systems, and a UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo-detector) is a type of photodetector that uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the electron travel time through bandgap grading. The UTC-PD is capable of photodetect at 150 GHz or higher.In FIG. 9, EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier) ​​represents an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, PD (photo detector) represents a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, OSA represents an optical sub-assembly that modularizes various optical communication functions (e.g., photoelectric conversion, electro-optical conversion, etc.) into a single component, and DSO represents a digital storage oscilloscope.

[0143] FIG. 10 illustrates a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0144] Referring to Fig. 10, in order to modulate data onto an optical signal, the optical source of a laser can be passed through an optical wave guide to change the phase of the signal. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through a microwave contact, etc. Therefore, the optical modulator output is formed as a modulated waveform.

[0145] Data may be provided by a data signal generator. Here, the data may include various user data, configuration information, control information, etc. transmitted through a channel. Furthermore, the data may include data related to AI-based operations, for example, information for configuring an AI model, input / output data for tasks of an AI model, etc. To this end, components related to AI functions (e.g., an AI processing unit) may be included in the data signal generator or may interact with the data signal generator.

[0146] An O / E converter can generate THz pulses based on optical rectification by a nonlinear crystal, O / E conversion by a photoconductive antenna, emission from a bundle of relativistic electrons, etc. THz pulses generated in such a manner can have a length ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds. The O / E converter performs down-conversion by utilizing the non-linearity of the device.

[0147] When considering the usage of the THz spectrum, it is highly likely that multiple contiguous GHz bands will be used for fixed or mobile service applications for THz systems. According to outdoor scenario criteria, available bandwidth can be classified based on an oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB / km in the spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of multiple band chunks can be considered. As an example of the above framework, if the length of the THz pulse for a single carrier is set to 50 ps, ​​the bandwidth (BW) becomes approximately 20 GHz.

[0148] Effective down-conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how the nonlinearity of the photoelectric converter (O / E converter) is utilized. In other words, to achieve down-conversion to the desired THz band, it is required to design an O / E converter with the most ideal nonlinearity for transferring to that specific band. If an O / E converter that does not match the target frequency band is used, there is a high probability of errors occurring regarding the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

[0149] In a single-carrier system, a THz transceiver system can be implemented using a single photoelectric converter. Depending on the channel environment, in a multi-carrier system, as many photoelectric converters as there are carriers may be required. This phenomenon will be particularly pronounced in multi-carrier systems utilizing multiple broadbands according to the plans related to the aforementioned spectrum applications. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. A signal down-frequency converted based on a photoelectric converter can be transmitted in a specific resource region (e.g., a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource region may include multiple chunks. Each chunk may consist of at least one component carrier (CC).

[0150] Transmitting system information (e.g., MIB) in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because, in the case of high frequency bands, beam sweeping must be performed more frequently to cover the entire area of ​​the cell as the beam width becomes narrow. In particular, transmitting system information in this manner is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission procedure as shown in FIG. 11 below may be used.

[0151] FIG. 11 illustrates a system information transmission procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, embodiments described below may be performed based on system information obtained by the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11. As another example, information and / or data transmitted in the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11 may be generated and / or processed according to embodiments described below.

[0152] Referring to FIG. 11, in step 1101, the base station (1120) transmits system information of cell #1 through cell #2. That is, the base station (1120) provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one of SFN, PDCCH configuration for SIB1, cell barring, cell re-selection, and subcarrier spacing generated at the higher layer, and may include at least one of SFN, half frame indicator, and SSB index generated at the physical layer. To this end, as an example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a relationship as a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0153] In step 1103, the UE (1110) obtains synchronization for cell #1. Synchronization can be obtained by detecting a synchronization signal. Generally, synchronization is obtained prior to receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization for cell #1 can be obtained after receiving system information. For example, the UE (1110) can obtain synchronization based on system information. However, unlike FIG. 11, synchronization may be obtained before step 1101 according to other examples.

[0154] In step 1105, the UE (1110) transmits a signal to connect to cell #1. For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. The structure of the signal and the resource (e.g., channel) for transmitting the signal can be identified through system information. Subsequently, in step 1107, the UE (1110) and the base station (1120) perform a connection procedure to cell #1 and perform communication. In this step, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0155] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 11 may be performed when the UE (1101) first connects to cell #1 of the base station (1120). Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the UE (1101) handovers to cell #1 of the base station (1120). However, in the case of a handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a different base station other than cell #2 of the base station (1120).

[0156]

[0157] Communication in the THz band is expected to experience severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations must use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control along with beamforming, and the number of beams used becomes very large. Therefore, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and the terminal. In addition, if the beam alignment between the base station and the terminal is misaligned due to the movement of the terminal, time is frequently required to realign the beams, which may result in an unstable link. Accordingly, a beam management procedure as shown in Fig. 12 below may be used.

[0158] FIG. 12 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below may be performed using at least one beam obtained by the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11. As another example, information and / or data transmitted in the procedure illustrated in FIG. 12 may be generated and / or processed according to the embodiments described below. Here, a beam may be referred to as a 'spatial domain filter', a 'spatial domain transmit filter', a 'spatial domain receive filter', and other terms having an equivalent technical meaning.

[0159] Referring to FIG. 12, in step 1201, the base station (1220) configures resources for beam management. Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station (1220) may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from the existing downlink signal / channel for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a port different from the port for transmitting the existing downlink signal / channel (e.g., SSB, PDSCH, etc.). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0160] In step 1203, the base station (1201) transmits measurement signals using multiple transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams requiring measurement, and may be transmitted using a multi-beam transmission method that forms multiple beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0161] In step 1205, the UE (1210) transmits a feedback signal to the base station (1220). The feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE (1210). The UE (1210) may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step 1203. In step 1207, the UE (1210) and the base station (1220) perform communication. At this time, the UE (1210) and the base station (1220) may perform communication using the beam selected in step 1205. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the UE (1210) can also be determined through steps 1203 and 1205, so the transmission operation of the UE (1210) can also be performed using the beam selected in step 1205. If channel mutuality is not established, a procedure including the transmission of measurement signals of the UE (1210) and the transmission of feedback signals of the base station (1220) may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the UE (1210). In step 1207, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0162]

[0163] Specific embodiments of the present disclosure

[0164] The present disclosure proposes a method for a base station and a terminal to efficiently perform on-device integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) using reference signals. In the present disclosure, the base station may transmit information regarding the presence area of ​​a target to the terminal. Using the method proposed in the present disclosure, the terminal can sense the target based on the received information regarding the presence area of ​​the target. Furthermore, the present disclosure proposes a method using reference signals used in initial connection procedures, channel information reporting procedures, etc., to determine information regarding the presence area of ​​a target. The present disclosure can perform sensing without the addition of separate hardware by effectively utilizing elements used in existing communication devices. In particular, since there is no need to define additional waveforms for sensing, components such as waveform generators, antennas, receivers, or transmitters used in existing communication protocols can be utilized as is. Additionally, the present disclosure can perform sensing using beam alignment protocols related to reference signals used in existing communication. Therefore, using the method proposed in the present disclosure can reduce power consumption compared to existing on-device ISAC techniques.

[0165] The definitions of symbols or abbreviations used below are as follows.

[0166] -mMIMO: Massive multiple-input multiple-output

[0167] - CRC: Communication and radar coexistence

[0168] - ISAC: Integrated sensing and communication

[0169] - V2X: Vehicle-to-everything

[0170] - OFDM: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

[0171] - FMCW: Frequency-modulate continuous wave

[0172] - NR: New radio

[0173] - FR: Frequency range

[0174] - PRS: Positioning reference signal

[0175] - SSB: Synchronization signal block

[0176] - RACH: Random access channel

[0177] - SRI: SSB resource indicator

[0178] - RoI: Region of interest

[0179] - CSI-RS: Channel state information reference signal

[0180] - DMRS: Demodulation reference signal

[0181] - SRS: Sounding reference signal

[0182] - SIB: System information block

[0183] - DCI: Downlink control indicator

[0184] - RSRP: Reference signal received power

[0185] - PUSCH: Physical uplink shared channel

[0186] - CP: Cyclic prefix

[0187] - FFT: Fast Fourier transform

[0188] - IFFT: Inverse FFT

[0189] With the advancement of communication systems, high frequency bands and wide bandwidths may be utilized. Communication operators are considering the 8 GHz band, as well as the sub-6 GHz band, as candidate frequency bands for communication. In this case, the spectral efficiency required as a key performance indicator (KPI) for communication systems using the 8 GHz band is at least 1.5 to 3 times that of the sub-6 GHz band. The frequency bands of such communication systems may overlap with the frequency bands of radar systems that previously used those bands. As a result, frequency band interference occurs, which may degrade the performance of both systems.

[0190] Therefore, the Communication and Radar Coexistence (CRC) technique, one of the methods for sharing frequency bands among multiple systems, can be considered. The CRC technique is a method for eliminating interference between two systems to operate communication and radar systems simultaneously within the same frequency band. By sharing the same frequency band, the CRC technique enables the efficient use of limited frequency resources. However, since interference between the two systems cannot be completely eliminated, performance degradation may occur, and complexity may increase during interference cancellation.

[0191] The high frequency bands and wide bandwidths used by communication systems can be utilized to perform both communication signals and target sensing. Users can leverage high communication frequency bands to employ techniques utilizing multiple antennas, such as mMIMO (Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output). Consequently, thin beams can be formed through beamforming using multiple antennas. Furthermore, when target sensing is performed using communication signals, round-path attenuation can be compensated for, and target sensing can achieve more precise distance resolution. Therefore, an Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technique that integrates communication and radar can be proposed. The ISAC technique refers to a method that performs both communication and sensing using the same frequency resources, enabling efficient use of the frequency band.

[0192] As shown in Fig. 13, smart factories, V2X systems, and augmented reality through digital twins, which are services that fuse communication and sensing information, have been highlighted as representative technologies for 6G communication systems. Finally, since both communication and sensing are performed on a single piece of hardware, unlike conventional methods, only a single piece of hardware is manufactured, offering advantages such as reduced unit costs and increased integration. Based on these advantages and expected benefits, 3GPP selected ISAC as one of the Rel-19 study items as shown in Fig. 14, and as shown in [Table 3] below, ISAC was included as a new capability for 6G in IMT-2030.

[0193] Enhanced capabilities for IMT-2030Security and resilienceReliability (1×10 -5 - 1×10 -7)Latency (0.1 - 1 ms)Mobility (500 - 1,000 km / h)Connection density (106 - 108 devices / km 2 )Area traffic capacitySpectrum efficiencyUser experienced data ratePeak data rateNew capabilities of IMT-2030CoverageSensing-related capabilitiesApplicable AI-related capabilitiesSustainabilityInteroperabilityPositioning (1 - 10 cm)

[0194] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an ISAC structure according to a sensing entity in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Depending on the entity performing target sensing, an ISAC can be divided into a network-based ISAC and an on-device ISAC as shown in FIG. 15. First, as shown in the figure above in FIG. 15, the network-based ISAC technique is a method in which a base station supports communication with a terminal in the corresponding cell while simultaneously sensing a target within the cell. Since the ISAC is performed at the base station in the network-based ISAC technique, sufficient computational power and power for target sensing can be utilized. In addition, the sensing area can be easily expanded through the coalition between different base stations. However, since the network-based ISAC technique processes all target sensing at the base station, a procedure is required for the terminal to request and receive target sensing information around the terminal from the base station. Consequently, the terminal may experience high latency to receive sensing information and may receive inaccurate sensing information. To overcome these drawbacks, an on-device ISAC technique is required, as shown in the lower figure of Fig. 15, in which the terminal performs ISAC. Since the terminal directly performs ISAC and senses targets, the on-device ISAC technique allows for the immediate acquisition of surrounding target sensing information. Furthermore, compared to network-based ISAC techniques, the on-device ISAC technique can achieve higher sensing accuracy because it senses targets at close range. However, because it has limited computational power and resources compared to base stations, an efficient operation technique is required.

[0195] Techniques for performing ISAC include methods that utilize communication and sensing signals separately, and methods that utilize communication signals directly as sensing signals. First, the method that utilizes sensing signals alongside communication signals allocates a portion of the time, frequency, and power resources available in the communication system to the sensing signals. The method that utilizes communication and sensing signals separately generates a sensing signal that is orthogonal to the communication signal and uses it for sensing. Therefore, there is no interference between the two signals, enabling the performance of ISAC with high sensing accuracy. However, since this method divides the resources allocated to the communication system between the communication and sensing signals, it results in a degradation of communication performance compared to existing communication systems. Consequently, the method that uses communication and sensing signals together may be suitable for scenarios where target sensing is more critical than communication.

[0196] On the other hand, a technique that utilizes communication signals as sensing signals is a method that obtains target sensing information by utilizing the existing communication system as is but additionally performing back-end signal processing. Since this technique enables target sensing without degradation of communication performance, it is particularly suitable for performing ISAC in situations where a small number of layers are transmitted using limited resources, such as the uplink. To this end, an OFDM radar can be utilized as shown in Fig. 16 below.

[0197] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the structure of a transmitting device and a receiving device of an OFDM radar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 16, a terminal can utilize OFDM radar technology to sense a target from an OFDM reflected signal, and can estimate the target distance and velocity by receiving the reflected signal and performing signal processing. Referring to FIG. 16, binary data is modulated based on phase, and the modulated data can be transmitted as an OFDM signal based on a D / A converter after an IFFT is performed. Subsequently, the transmitted OFDM signal can be reflected from a target, and the reflected signal is converted into a digital signal based on an A / D converter. The converted signal can then be processed by a radar processor after an FFT is performed to perform sensing or demodulation. However, the method utilizing OFDM radar may result in lower sensing performance compared to a sensing signal optimized for target sensing. Therefore, this method may be more suitable for scenarios where communication performance is more important than sensing performance. Sensing techniques utilizing OFDM radar can be considered for 6G communication systems, etc.

[0198] Furthermore, methods for performing ISAC using reference signals employed in 5G NR standards based on OFDM radar technology can be considered. For example, a method for performing downlink ISAC using SSB, SIB1, and DCI can be considered. In this case, target distance and velocity resolution in the 28 GHz band can be improved when SIB1 and DCI are utilized together compared to when only SSB is used. Another example involves considering a method that leverages the characteristic of PRS, which consumes the most time and frequency resources among reference signals. Therefore, communication and sensing can be performed via PRS in downlink network-based ISAC. As yet another example, network-based ISAC techniques using DMRS can be considered. However, only techniques regarding network-based ISAC in the downlink are being considered, while on-device ISAC is not. Additionally, while analysis is being conducted only on signal processing methods and performance for estimating targets from reference signals, a comprehensive operational plan for ISAC utilizing reference signals is required.

[0199] The present disclosure proposes an ISAC technique utilizing reference signals used by a base station and a terminal to efficiently perform ISAC at a terminal without causing communication performance degradation. The base station receives a signal reflected back from a target after transmitting a reference signal and determines an area where the target is likely to exist. Subsequently, the terminal requests information about the target to perform ISAC, and the base station transmits information regarding the target's presence area to the terminal. The terminal performs power allocation and beamforming to perform target sensing using the uplink reference signal. Since the terminal only needs to perform a search within the target's presence area detected by the base station, the technique proposed in the present disclosure can improve performance in terms of power and complexity compared to a technique that searches all surrounding areas, and enables efficient ISAC operation. Since the terminal can sense the target without changing the uplink communication system, the technique proposed in the present disclosure can have high compatibility without communication performance degradation.

[0200] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station transmits information related to the location of a target to a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 17 illustrates a method performed by a base station that performs wireless communication (e.g., base station (1120) of FIG. 11, base station (1220) of FIG. 12). In the description with reference to FIG. 17, the operating entity is referred to as a base station, and the base station may perform a connection procedure to perform wireless communication with the terminal and may perform a procedure to sense the location of the target.

[0201] Referring to FIG. 17, in step S1701, the base station transmits a reference signal. For convenience of explanation, the procedure for performing sensing using an SSB is described below, but the reference signal is not limited to a specific signal, and at least one of an SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, etc., may be used. The reference signal can be used for synchronization, channel state information estimation, and downlink decoding in wireless communication. The base station receives the reflected signal of the transmitted reference signal and performs a measurement.

[0202] In step S1703, the base station generates information regarding the location of a target based on the reflected signal of the reference signal. The information regarding the location of the target may include information regarding a region of interest. Here, the region of interest (RoI) refers to the area where the terminal performs sensing to determine the characteristics of the target. The information regarding the region of interest may include information regarding a beam and may be transmitted in the form of an SSB index corresponding to that beam. The specific procedure for determining the beam index or the SSB index will be described later.

[0203] In step S1705, the base station receives a feedback signal regarding the reference signal from the terminal. The feedback signal may include information corresponding to the reference signal used for sensing. For example, if the reference signal is an SSB, a random access preamble may be received from the terminal, and a connection establishment procedure with the terminal may be performed through a random access procedure.

[0204] In step S1707, the base station receives a request from the terminal for information regarding the location of a target. The request for information regarding the location of a target can be transmitted in various ways and is not limited to a specific method. For example, a message requesting information regarding the location of a target can be transmitted using a message transmitted by the terminal in a random access procedure. For another example, a message requesting information regarding the location of a target can be transmitted via an RRC message.

[0205] In step S1709, the base station transmits information regarding the location of a target to the terminal. The information regarding the location of the target may include information regarding a region of interest and may include a beam index value. Based on the information regarding the location of the target, the terminal may determine a region of interest for sensing the target and may perform sensing in that region rather than in all directions.

[0206] Although the area for sensing the target described above has been described as the area of ​​interest, it is not limited thereto. The area of ​​interest may be referred to as a candidate area, a sensing target area, a sensing area, an expected target location, a candidate beam, a sensing target beam, and terms having equivalent technical meanings.

[0207] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal receives information related to the location of a target from a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 18 illustrates a method performed by a terminal that performs wireless communication (e.g., the UE (1110) of FIG. 11, the UE (1210) of FIG. 12). In the description with reference to FIG. 18, the operating entity is referred to as a terminal, and the terminal may be provided with a cell for wireless communication from a base station and may be referred to as a UE and a wireless terminal, etc.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 18, in step S1801, the terminal receives a reference signal from the base station. The reference signal is not limited to a specific signal, and at least one of SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, etc. may be used. The reference signal may be used for synchronization, channel state information estimation, and downlink decoding in wireless communication.

[0209] In step S1803, the terminal transmits a feedback signal regarding the reference signal to the base station. The feedback signal may include information corresponding to the reference signal used for sensing. For example, if the reference signal is an SSB, the terminal may transmit a random access preamble to the base station as the feedback signal and perform a connection establishment procedure with the base station through a random access procedure.

[0210] In step S1805, the terminal requests information regarding the location of a target from the base station. The request for information regarding the location of a target can be received in various ways and is not limited to a specific method. For example, a message requesting information regarding the location of a target can be transmitted using a message transmitted by the terminal in a random access procedure. For another example, a message requesting information regarding the location of a target can be transmitted via an RRC message.

[0211] In step S1807, the terminal receives information related to the location of a target from the base station. The information related to the location of the target may include information regarding the area of ​​interest and may include a beam index value.

[0212] In step S1809, the terminal estimates the location of the target based on information related to the location of the target. Based on the information related to the location of the target, the terminal can determine the area to sense the target and can perform sensing in that area rather than in all directions.

[0213] In FIGS. 17 and 18, it is described that a terminal requests information regarding the location of a target from a base station, and the base station transmits information regarding the location of the target in response to such request; however, the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to the base station transmitting information regarding the location of a target upon the request of the terminal. For example, the terminal may be configured to periodically receive information regarding the location of a target. Accordingly, the base station may be configured to allow the terminal to receive information regarding the target in a fixed or semi-fixed manner, and in this case, the base station may periodically transmit information regarding the target to the terminal without a separate request from the terminal.

[0214] As described above in FIGS. 17 and 18, based on a reference signal, the base station transmits information related to the location of a target to the terminal, and the terminal can perform sensing only in the area of ​​interest based on the information related to the location of the target. Therefore, sensing can be performed more efficiently than when the terminal performs sensing over the entire range. A specific procedure for the base station to generate information related to the location of a target is described below.

[0215] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station determines information related to the location of a target according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 19 illustrates a method performed by a base station that performs wireless communication (e.g., base station (1120) of FIG. 11, base station (1220) of FIG. 12). In the description with reference to FIG. 19, the operating entity is referred to as a base station and may transmit a beam index value, which is information related to the location of a target. In FIG. 19, it is assumed that the base station transmits SSBs through N beams and the terminal receives SSBs through M receiving beams.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 19, in step S1901, the base station transmits multiple reference signals. The base station transmits N SSBs to the terminal repeatedly M times. The number of SSBs, N, can be determined based on the frequency band. For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 30 kHz, the number of SSBs can be determined based on [Table 4] below.

[0217] Frequency range 4864

[0218] In [Table 4], f c means frequency band.

[0219] In step S1903, the base station measures the reflected signals of multiple reference signals. The base station transmits N SSBs and then measures the signals reflected by the SSBs. Since the base station transmits the SSBs repeatedly M times, a representative value of the measured values ​​for each of the N SSBs can be determined. For example, a specific SSB is transmitted repeatedly M times, and the base station measures the reflected signals of the M repeatedly transmitted SSBs M times, and determines the average value of the measured values ​​as the measured value of the corresponding SSB.

[0220] In step S1905, the base station determines information regarding the location of a target based on the measurement results of reflected signals. The information regarding the location of the target may include beam index values. The base station may include the index value of the SSB having the largest value among the representative values ​​of the SSB measurements determined in step S1903 in the information regarding the location of the target.

[0221] The following describes a procedure for a base station to generate a table of measurement result values ​​to determine the beam index value included in the information related to the location of a target.

[0222] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station (2010) and a terminal (2020) generate a table regarding measurement result values ​​based on a reference signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 20 can be performed by utilizing an SSB transmitted during the process in which the base station (2010) and the terminal (2020) perform a random access procedure. Referring to FIG. 20, the base station (2010) can receive M SSB reflection signals corresponding to n∈{1, 2, ... N} through a radar receiving antenna, and can measure the average RSRP of the nth reflection signal. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 20 illustrates an example in which n=4 and m=4 are set.

[0223] The average RSRP of the measured reflection signal It can be expressed in the form of [Mathematical Formula 1] below.

[0224]

[0225] In [Mathematical Formula 1], Is It refers to the RSRP value measured from the nth SSB reflected signal transmitted at the nth level.

[0226] For example, the average value of the RSRP of the reflected signal can be measured as shown in [Table 5] below.

[0227] Echo signalRSRP(dBm)n=1-88n=2-100n=3-102n=4-106

[0228] The base station (2010) selects the SSB ID having the largest value among the average RSRP of the measured reflected signals as SRI as in [Equation 2] below. s It can be decided as.

[0229]

[0230] In [Mathematical Formula 2], is all measured by the base station (2010) It means value.

[0231] Therefore, when the RSRP of the reflected signal is measured as in [Table 5], SRI s can be designated as 1.

[0232] At the same time as the base station (2010) measures the SSBs, the terminal (2020) can receive N SSBs through each of the M receiving beams. That is, the terminal (2020) can receive a total of M×N reference signals. The terminal (2020) can measure the received reference signals and store the measured values. For example, the terminal (2020) can store the measured values ​​of the reference signals in the form of a lookup table such as [Table 6].

[0233] RSRP lookup tablen=1n=2n=3n=4m=1-80-105-77-88m=2-120-110-68-84m=3-110-120-92-91m=4-95-124-88-90

[0234] Therefore, the terminal (2020) All values ​​can be stored. The terminal (2020) is The beam pair having the highest RSRP value among the values ​​can be selected, and by transmitting a PRACH preamble, the optimal SSB ID can be reported to the base station (2010). Here, the optimal SSB ID can be transmitted not only directly but also indirectly or implicitly. For example, the terminal (2020) can transmit the preamble through an occasion corresponding to the SSB ID. In [Table 6], the beam pair having the highest RSRP value is Therefore, SRI, which is the SSB ID to be reported to the base station (2010). cIt can be determined to be 3. Accordingly, the terminal (2020) transmits a preamble through an opportunity where the SSB ID corresponds to 3, and the base station (2010) can obtain that the SSB ID is 3 by receiving the preamble at that opportunity. Subsequently, the transmission beam of the base station (2010) can be determined based on the beam used when transmitting the SSB with SSB ID 3.

[0235] For convenience of explanation in FIG. 20, it is described that the terminal (2020) configures a lookup table, but the terminal does not necessarily have to store the measurement results in the form of a lookup table. That is, the method of storing using a lookup table can be replaced by a method of storing the RSRP (reference signal received power) values ​​measured for each of the receiving beams of the terminal (2020) for each of the multiple downlink reference signals in a form that can distinguish which downlink reference signal was measured by which receiving beam.

[0236] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal performs location estimation based on information related to the location of a target according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 illustrates a method performed by a terminal performing wireless communication (e.g., UE (1110) of FIG. 11, UE (1210) of FIG. 12, UE (2020) of FIG. 20). In the description with reference to FIG. 21, the operating entity is referred to as a terminal, and the terminal may be provided with a cell for wireless communication from a base station and may be referred to as a UE and a wireless terminal, etc.

[0237] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2101, the terminal receives a plurality of reference signals. A total of N reference signals may be used, and they may be transmitted repeatedly M times, which is the number of receiving beams of the terminal.

[0238] In step S2103, the terminal stores the measurement results of multiple reference signals. The terminal can store the received measurement results through a lookup table. The terminal can determine the reference signal to be reported to the base station and the depth beam corresponding to the reference signal among the reference signals transmitted by the base station. The terminal can determine the reference signal and the received beam based on the RSRP of the reference signal.

[0239] In step S2105, the terminal receives beam index information from the base station. The terminal can estimate the area where a target exists through the beam index information received from the base station. The beam index information can be determined by the values ​​measured by the base station of the reflected signals of multiple reference signals, and can be determined as an index value corresponding to the reflected signal having the highest RSRP value.

[0240] In step S2107, the terminal estimates the location of the target based on beam index information and measurement results. Based on the beam index information received from the base station, the terminal can determine which SSB is most reflected by the object. Therefore, the terminal determines the region with the largest RSRP value among the measured values ​​of the SSB corresponding to the beam index as the region of interest (RoI). The terminal stores m values ​​measured using m received beams for the SSB corresponding to the beam index information received from the base station. Therefore, the terminal can estimate that the target exists in the direction of the received beam having the largest value among the m values. Subsequently, the terminal can perform sensing of the target by transmitting a signal in the direction of the corresponding depth beam.

[0241] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a base station and a terminal perform a random access procedure and determine an area where a target exists, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 22, it is assumed that the base station (2210) transmits n=4 SSBs and the terminal (2220) operates m=4 receiving beams. Accordingly, it is assumed that the base station (2210) transmits the 4 SSBs 4 times repeatedly. Also in FIG. 22, it is assumed that the base station (2210) stores a table such as [Table 5] by measuring reflected signals, and the terminal (2220) stores a lookup table such as [Table 6] by measuring a plurality of reference signals.

[0242] The terminal (2220) has the beam pair with the highest RSRP value in [Table 6]. Therefore, SRI, which is the SSB ID, is in the base station (2210). c It reports as 3. Therefore, the base station (2210) reports the reported SRI c Based on, Communication can be performed using the transmitting beam used in the SSB where n=3, and the terminal (2220) can perform communication using the receiving beam where m=2. Subsequently, a precise beam alignment procedure may be additionally performed. For example, the base station (2210) may perform SRI for precise beam alignment. c A can transmit four CSI-RS within a range of three to the terminal (2220). After receiving the CSI-RS, the terminal (2220) can perform a measurement and determine the final communication beam with the highest RSRP and report it to the base station (2210).

[0243] If the terminal (2220) needs to sense surrounding targets, SRI to the base station (2210) s Request information, and the base station (2210) in response to the request is SRI s It transmits information. Here, the terminal (2220) transmits SRI to the base station (2210). sTo request information, a request message can be transmitted via MSG 3 or PUSCH of the random access procedure. SRI through the random access procedure s The terminal (2220) requesting information can always be a terminal (2220) that supports ISAC.

[0244] If the terminal (2220) optionally supports ISAC, the terminal (2220) includes SRI in the scheduling request message when ISAC service is required. s It can be transmitted to the base station (2210), including the request. Alternatively, after the terminal (2220) receives the scheduling grant, SRI via PUSCH. s A request message can be transmitted to the base station (2210).

[0245] Base station (2210) is SRI s In response to the request, SRI s Related information can be transmitted to the terminal (2220). For example, when measurements are performed as shown in [Table 5], the one with the highest average RSRP value is the beam index n=1, so SRI s =1 is transmitted. Afterwards, the terminal (2220) SRI s Based on the lookup table storing RSRPs, the beam received with the highest RSRP is searched. For example, when the terminal (2220) receives a beam index value n=1 from the base station (2210), it searches for measurement values ​​regarding the SSB with n=1. For example, in a lookup table such as [Table 6], the terminal (2220) can confirm that the case with the largest value among the RSRP values ​​measured four times for the first SSB is when m=1, that is, when the first depth beam is formed. Therefore, the terminal (2220) can set the direction of the first depth beam as the area where the target exists or RoI and perform sensing. Here, the method for determining the RoI can be expressed as [Equation 3].

[0246]

[0247] In [Mathematical Formula 3], is the SRI transmitted by the base station (2210). s It refers to all results measured by the m-th receiving beam.

[0248] If the target exists in the direction of the communication beam pair (i.e., SRI s = SRI c In the case of ), the process of searching for RoI in the aforementioned RSRP lookup table is omitted, and the terminal (2220) receiving beam among the communication beam pair can be set as the RoI.

[0249] Specific procedures for the terminal (2220) to perform sensing in the configured RoI are described below. To perform sensing, the terminal (2220) may use reference signals for uplink communication to utilize the existing communication system as is. For example, the terminal (2220) may use one of the reference signals, such as DMRS and SRS. DMRS and SRS are signals transmitted from the terminal (2220) toward the base station (2210) in the uplink for channel estimation and synchronization acquisition. DMRS is transmitted only when there is data for the terminal (2220) to transmit via PUSCH, while SRS can be used even when there is no data.

[0250] FIG. 23a illustrates an example of a resource block structure of a DMRS according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 23b illustrates an example of a resource block structure of an SRS according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0251] DMRS can be assigned to up to 24 resource elements (REs) in a DMRS resource block structure having Type A, configuration 1 as shown in FIG. 23a. SRS can be assigned to up to 24 REs in a structure using Comb-type 2, 4 OFDM symbols as shown in FIG. 23b.

[0252] In FIG. 23a, B represents the entire frequency band used by the reference signal, and f represents the frequency spacing between the subcarriers through which the reference signal is transmitted. T frm represents the total OFDM symbol interval to which the reference signal is allocated, and △T sym represents the interval between OFDM symbols to which the reference signal is assigned. At this time, the target distance and velocity estimation performance according to the OFDM resource block is as shown in [Equation 4] below.

[0253]

[0254] In [Equation 4], △R represents distance resolution, and R max represents the maximum measurable distance, △v represents the velocity resolution, and |v max | represents the maximum measurable speed, represents the wavelength of the transmitted signal, c represents the speed of light, and f c represents the carrier frequency of the transmitted signal.

[0255] Using [Equation 4], the distance and velocity estimation performance obtainable with DMRS and SRS can be compared as shown in [Table 7] below.

[0256] Reference signalDMRSSSRS△R, R max Variable△vLowHigh|v max |LowHigh

[0257] As shown in FIGS. 23a and 23b, DMRS and SRS can have B and △f set identically in a single resource block structure, but the number of resource blocks used by DMRS and SRS can be changed according to the situation. SRS can be transmitted in wideband mode, which allocates RE across a single symbol and the entire frequency band, and in narrowband mode, which estimates poor channel conditions through frequency-hopping. Here, distance estimation performance may vary depending on the number of REs in the frequency domain used by the reference signal. Even if the number of REs in the frequency domain changes, the maximum number of OFDM symbols used by DMRS and SRS can be set identically to 4. In this case, DMRS is T compared to SRS frm and △T sym can be assigned to OFDM symbols to be set longer. Therefore, referring to [Equation 4], the velocity resolution △v can be measured more precisely when using DMRS than when using SRS, and the maximum measurable velocity |v max | can have a higher value when using SRS than when using DMRS. Based on this, the methods of utilizing DMRS and SRS can be distinguished based on the number of targets and speed, as shown in [Table 8] below.

[0258] TargetVelocitySingleMultiLowSRS or DMRSDMRSHighSRSJointly use

[0259] Referring to [Table 8], when there is a single target and the speed is low, both SRS and DMRS can accurately estimate the target distance and speed. When there is one or more targets and the speed is low, the maximum measurable speed |v that the terminal can measure maxA high velocity resolution △v that can resolve different target velocities well may be required rather than a high |. Therefore, in this case, DMRS may be configured to be used instead of SRS. Conversely, in the case of a single target with a high velocity, a maximum measurable velocity |v higher than the high velocity resolution △v is required. max | may be necessary. Therefore, in this case, it may be configured to use SRS rather than DMRS. FIGS. 24a through 24c illustrate examples of resource block structures in which reference signals are allocated for multiple targets according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. If one or more targets are all moving at high speeds in the worst environment, the resource block structure may be configured in the form of FIGS. 24a through 24c using both the structural features of DMRS and SRS. That is, T frm T is the total OFDM symbol interval to which the reference signal is assigned. frm is set to a long length, and the interval △T between OFDM symbols to which the reference signal is assigned sym A reference signal can be assigned to an OFDM symbol so as to be set to be short. Thus, as in the form of FIGS. 24a to 24c, a reference signal can be assigned to the 3rd and 10th OFDM symbols at both ends, and can be set so that reference signals can be assigned to at least one consecutive OFDM symbol between both ends.

[0260] When utilizing a reference signal having a resource block structure as shown in FIGS. 24a to 24c, the terminal has △v performance more precise than SRS and |v higher than DMRS. maxAll performance can be experienced. Although the resource block structure proposed in this disclosure describes reference signals at both ends being assigned to the 3rd and 10th symbols for convenience of explanation, it is not necessarily limited to cases where OFDM symbols at both ends exist in the 3rd and 10th symbols. For example, uplink reference signals are assigned to the 1st OFDM symbol, 2nd OFDM symbol, 3rd OFDM symbol, and 4th OFDM symbol within a single resource block structure, and the 1st OFDM symbol and 2nd OFDM symbol may be placed so as not to be adjacent within the resource block. Additionally, the 3rd OFDM symbol and 4th OFDM symbol may be placed adjacent to the 1st OFDM symbol and 2nd OFDM symbol.

[0261] As described above, the method by which a terminal selects a reference signal for sensing can be determined based on sensing requirements, such as speed resolution or measurable speed. In contrast, a technique for selecting a reference signal based on scheduling is described below.

[0262] If the terminal obtains a scheduling grant, the terminal can transmit PUSCH and DMRS within the same time interval. In this case, the terminal can use the corresponding DMRS for target sensing. On the other hand, if the terminal does not obtain a scheduling grant, three methods as follows may be considered to perform on-device ISAC using a reference signal.

[0263] First, a method may be used in which the terminal transmits a scheduling request to the base station and receives a scheduling grant from the base station. To this end, the terminal may receive an uplink grant from the base station. Subsequently, the terminal may transmit PUSCH and DMRS within the same time interval based on the uplink grant. In this case, if the terminal does not have data to transmit in its buffer, the priority for acquiring the scheduling grant may be determined to be lower than that of other terminals. Therefore, there may be a disadvantage in that the terminal cannot receive an immediate scheduling grant to perform ISAC.

[0264] Secondly, a method can be used to transmit ISAC terminal PUSCH and DMRS with high priority through preemption. However, since the method using preemption ignores the priority set by the existing scheduler (e.g., base station) for sensing, cell-level communication performance may be degraded. Therefore, the terminal can transmit DMRS within the time interval when PUSCH is being transmitted through preemption, which has a higher priority than the uplink grants of other uplink signals.

[0265] Thirdly, a method of performing ISAC after waiting for the SRS transmission cycle may be used. Unlike DMRS, SRS can be transmitted periodically without individual scheduling. For example, SRS can be transmitted periodically by the terminal every 2 to 32 subframes according to the DCI cycle. If the terminal performs ISAC in a situation where there is no scheduling grant, using SRS may be more suitable than DMRS.

[0266] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal estimates the distance or speed of a target based on a reference signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 25 illustrates a method performed by a terminal performing wireless communication (e.g., the UE (1110) of FIG. 11, the UE (1210) of FIG. 12). In the description with reference to FIG. 25, the operating entity is referred to as a terminal, and the terminal may be provided with a cell for wireless communication from a base station and may be referred to as a UE and a wireless terminal, etc.

[0267] Referring to FIG. 25, in step S2501, the terminal establishes region of interest (RoI)-based beamforming. Information regarding the region of interest may include beam index values ​​associated with the region of interest, and the terminal may receive information regarding the region of interest from the base station.

[0268] In step S2503, the terminal determines the power of the reference signal. The terminal determines the reference signal and the power of the reference signal to sense targets present in the area of ​​interest based on information regarding the area of ​​interest. If the reference signal is transmitted to the base station and simultaneously transmitted to the area of ​​interest for sensing, the OFDM symbol to which the reference signal is assigned may be assigned twice the power compared to other OFDM symbols.

[0269] In step S2505, the terminal transmits a reference signal to the area of ​​interest. The reference signal can be transmitted in the direction of the base station and the direction of the area of ​​interest based on the power determined in step S2503. To this end, the terminal can form a transmit beamforming so that it can be transmitted simultaneously in the direction of the base station and the direction of the area of ​​interest.

[0270] In step S2507, the terminal receives the reflected signal of the reference signal. The terminal measures the reflected signal of the transmitted reference signal. The terminal can be operated in a full-duplex mode capable of simultaneously transmitting the signal and receiving the reflected signal.

[0271] In step S2509, the terminal estimates the distance or velocity of a target. The terminal can estimate the distance and velocity of the target based on a sensing channel from which the transmitted signal has been removed from the reflected signal. Specifically, the terminal can estimate the distance of the target based on the subcarrier index with the largest result obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation on each subcarrier of the sensing channel. Additionally, the terminal can estimate the velocity of the target based on the symbol index with the largest result obtained by performing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FFT) operation on each OFDM symbol of the sensing channel.

[0272] FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal (2620) transmits an uplink reference signal to a region of interest according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 26, the terminal (2620) can transmit an uplink reference signal to a base station (2610) and a region of interest simultaneously. Here, DMRS or SRS may be used as the reference signal. When the terminal (2620) transmits an OFDM symbol to which the reference signal is assigned in two directions, the symbol power transmitted to the base station (2610) may be reduced by 3 dB. This may result in a degradation of performance regarding channel estimation or synchronization acquisition using the reference signal. Therefore, the terminal (2620) may determine the transmission power of the OFDM symbol to which the reference signal is assigned to be twice the transmission power of the other symbol. By distributing the transmission power determined to be twice as much, the terminal can simultaneously transmit an OFDM symbol to which the reference signal is assigned to have the same power as the other symbol to the base station (2610) and a region of interest. The terminal (2620) can perform digital beamforming to simultaneously transmit a reference signal to the base station (2610) and the area of ​​interest. As a result, the terminal (2620) can transmit the reference signal toward a target within the area of ​​interest without degradation of communication performance regarding the uplink.

[0273] Subsequently, the terminal (2620) can perform target distance and velocity estimation after receiving a reflected signal reflected from a target within the area of ​​interest. The terminal (2620) can utilize OFDM radar-based signal processing. The reference signal is M J N OFDM symbols and N J When assigned to a number of subcarriers, the reference signal x(t) can be expressed as shown in [Equation 5] below.

[0274]

[0275] s represents the encoded reference signal symbol, k represents the subcarrier indicator, and m represents the OFDM symbol indicator. f krepresents the frequency of the k-th subcarrier of the reference signal, and represents the rectangle window function. T s = T + T cp represents the OFDM symbol period, and the OFDM data period T and the CP period T cp It is defined as the sum of.

[0276] The transmitted reference signal x(t) can be reflected off a target and propagated through free space. The reflected signal received by the terminal (2620) can be expressed as [Equation 6] below, excluding noise.

[0277]

[0278] Here, represents the signal attenuation element, and S tx represents the encoded transmission symbol, c represents the speed of light, and f d,r represents the Doppler frequency shift, and τ=2R / c represents the round-trip transmission delay time until the transmitted signal is received. [Equation 6] can be expressed in the form of [Equation 7] below.

[0279]

[0280] In [Equation 7], S rx (k, m) represents the encoded received symbol, and represents the period of the reference signal OFDM symbol, and It refers to the period of the reference signal subcarrier, and f scs =1 / T represents the subcarrier interval.

[0281] If the terminal (2620) is assumed to be a full-duplex terminal (2620) that performs both signal transmission and reflected signal reception, the transmitted signal can be removed from the reflected signal as shown in [Equation 8] below.

[0282]

[0283] In [Equation 8], S g (k, m) represents the target sensing channel, and k r (k) represents a parameter related to the distance to the target, and k d (k) represents a parameter related to the velocity of the target, and is a dyadic multiplication operator.

[0284] The terminal (2620) is a sensing channel S for a target from which the transmission signal has been removed from the reflected signal. g The target distance can be estimated by performing an IFFT on (k, m) in the column direction as shown in [Equation 9] below.

[0285]

[0286] In [Equation 9], IFFT(·) represents the IFFT operation, and l is N J It refers to the parameter values ​​applied to the IFFT operations.

[0287] The terminal (2620) is N J We can obtain a value of l that maximizes the value among the n IFFT operations. The value of l obtained here It is to be denoted as such. Here, the terminal (2620) is the subcarrier index with the largest result value obtained by performing an IFFT operation on each subcarrier. The distance to the target can be estimated based on [this]. Specifically, the terminal (2620) Target distance based on the value as in [Equation 10] It can be estimated.

[0288]

[0289] Additionally, the terminal (2620) has a sensing channel S for a target from which the transmission signal has been removed from the reflected signal. g The target distance can be estimated by performing an FFT on (k, m) in the row direction as shown in [Equation 11].

[0290]

[0291] In [Equation 11], FFT(·) represents the FFT operation, and d is M J It refers to the parameter values ​​applied to the FFT operations.

[0292] The terminal (2620) is M J We can obtain a d value that yields the largest value among the k FFT operations. The d value obtained here It shall be denoted as such. Here, the terminal (2620) is the symbol index with the largest result value obtained by performing an FFT operation on each OFDM symbol for the sensing channel. The speed of the above target can be estimated based on [this]. Specifically, the terminal (2620) Doppler frequency shift using [Equation 12] based on the value It can be estimated.

[0293]

[0294] Doppler frequency shift and velocity ...satisfies .... Therefore, the terminal (2620) [satisfies] the velocity of the target from the Doppler frequency shift as shown in [Equation 13] below. It can be estimated.

[0295]

[0296] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of signaling between a terminal (2730) and a base station (2710) for performing on-device based ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 27, the terminal (2730) may be a communication device performing wireless communication (e.g., UE (1110) of FIG. 11, UE (1210) of FIG. 12), and the base station (2710) may be a communication device performing wireless communication with the terminal (2730) (e.g., base station (1120) of FIG. 11, base station (1220) of FIG. 12). Referring to FIG. 27, the base station (2710) and the terminal (2730) may perform communication to estimate the location and velocity of a target (2720). FIG. 27 illustrates the signaling required for on-device ISAC within a random access procedure and a data transmission procedure.

[0297] Referring to FIG. 27, in step S2701, the base station (2710) transmits SSBs for beam seeking. Here, the base station (2710) may transmit multiple SSBs. Each of the multiple SSBs may be transmitted through a beam formed by the base station (2710) for each of the multiple SSBs. The base station (2710) may transmit repeatedly for each SSB signal.

[0298] In step S2703, the base station (2710) receives reflected SSB signals. The base station (2710) may perform a measurement procedure to identify the signal reflected to the target (2720) among the reflected SSB signals.

[0299] In step S2705, the terminal (2730) stores an RSRP lookup table based on the received SSB. Since the base station (2710) repeatedly transmits each of the SSB signals, the terminal (2730) can measure the reference signal for each of its own beams. Subsequently, the terminal (2730) can classify and store the RSRP values ​​of the received SSBs into an RSRP lookup table based on the SSB index and its own beam index.

[0300] In step S2707, the base station (2710) measures the RSRP of the reflected SSB signal and the SRI, which is the beam index value corresponding to the region of interest. s Determines. The base station (2710) measures the reflected signals of the SSB signals received in step S2703. Since SSB signals are transmitted repeatedly, the reflected signals can also be measured repeatedly. Therefore, the base station (2710) derives the average RSRP value of the reflected SSB signals and the beam index value for the SSB corresponding to the reflected signal with the largest average RSRP value is SRI s It is determined as follows. In this case, the beam index value for the SSB can be replaced with the SSB index value.

[0301] In step S2709, the base station (2710) and the terminal (2730) perform a random access procedure. The terminal (2730) can obtain an SSB index having the largest value among the measured RSRP values. Subsequently, the terminal (2730) can perform the random access procedure by transmitting a preamble of an occasion corresponding to the obtained SSB index to the base station (2710).

[0302] In step S2711, the terminal (2730) performs on-device-based ISAC using a beam index value, SRI. sA request is made to the base station (2710). For example, a message requesting information related to the location of a target can be transmitted using a message transmitted by the terminal (2730) in a random access procedure. For example, a message requesting information related to the location of a target can be included in a message (e.g., MSG3) containing information related to the terminal (2730). In this case, the terminal (2730) receives a random access response (RAR) message (e.g., MSG2) based on a preamble from the base station (2710), and can transmit a message (e.g., MSG3) containing information related to the terminal (2730) to the base station (2710) using scheduling information included in the RAR message. Subsequently, the terminal (2730) can receive a contention resolution message (e.g., MSG4) from the base station (2710). As another example, a message requesting information related to the location of a target can be transmitted via an RRC message.

[0303] In step S2713, the base station (2710) gives SRI to the terminal (2730). s The base station (2710) transmits the SRI based on the beam index value request message. s Can transmit. SRI s It may be transmitted as part of resource allocation information for the uplink, or as a separate RRC message.

[0304] In step S2715, the terminal (2730) is SRI s A region of interest is set based on the received SRI. The terminal (2730) sets the region of interest based on the received SRI. s Based on this, SSB can be recognized, and the beam direction where the largest RSRP among the recognized SSB measured values ​​is measured can be set as the region of interest.

[0305] In step S2717, the base station (2710) transmits a CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) for beam adjustment to the terminal (2730). The base station (2710) can obtain an index of an SSB through the occasion of the preamble received in step S2709. To more precisely set the beam for the obtained index of an SSB, the CSI-RS can be transmitted through subdivided beams in the direction of the beam.

[0306] In step S2719, the terminal (2730) reports a CSI-RS identifier to the base station (2710). The terminal (2730) can measure the received CSI-RS and obtain channel state information. Based on the channel state information, the terminal (2730) can report a CSI-RS identifier corresponding to the beam to be used for communication to the base station (2710).

[0307] In step S2721, the terminal (2730) configures beamforming based on CSI and RoI. The terminal (2730) can perform digital beamforming to transmit a reference signal in multiple directions. For example, the terminal (2730) can form a first beam for the base station (2710) based on channel conditions and form a second beam for the target (2720) based on RoI.

[0308] In step S2723, the terminal (2730) amplifies the power of the reference signal symbol. Since the reference signal is transmitted bidirectionally, the power of the reference signal symbol can be set to twice the power of the other signal symbol.

[0309] In step S2725, the terminal (2730) transmits a reference signal and a PUSCH toward the base station (2710). Here, the reference signal and the PUSCH can be transmitted through the first beam within the same time interval.

[0310] In step S2727, the terminal (2730) transmits a reference signal in the direction of the region of interest. Here, the reference signal transmitted in the direction of the region of interest may be transmitted through a second beam. At this time, PUSCH may be configured not to be transmitted through the second beam.

[0311] In step S2729, the terminal (2730) receives a reference signal reflected from the target (2720). The terminal (2730) receives the signal reflected from the reference signal it transmitted and performs a measurement.

[0312] In step S2731, the terminal (2730) estimates the distance to the target (2720) and the speed of the target (2720). The terminal (2730) may determine a sensing channel to estimate the distance to the target (2720) and the speed of the target (2720). Here, the sensing channel refers to a channel generated by removing a transmitted reference signal from a reflected signal received by the terminal (2730).

[0313] The terminal (2730) is the entire slot, not the reference signal. and bandwidth The distance to the target (2720) and the speed of the target (2720) can be estimated using the corresponding signal. In this case, the distance and speed estimation performance may be superior to that of the method proposed in this disclosure, which utilizes only the reference signal. However, there is a disadvantage that the transmission power of the terminal (2730) must be doubled for all symbols to form a multi-beam without degradation of communication performance. Excessive power consumption may have a negative impact on the lifespan of the terminal (2730). Furthermore, if the terminal (2730) doubles the transmission power, interference between multiple users also increases rapidly, which may result in severe performance degradation. Therefore, it is efficient to perform on-device ISAC using only the reference signal, as proposed in this disclosure.

[0314] Hereinafter, examples of wireless device applications to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied will be described.

[0315] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use—example / service (see FIG. 1).

[0316] Referring to FIG. 28, the wireless device (200) corresponds to the wireless device (200) of FIG. 2 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), and additional elements (240). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (212) and transceiver(s) (214). For example, the communication circuit (212) may include one or more processors (202) and / or one or more memories (204) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver(s) (214) may include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208) of FIG. 2. The control unit (220) is electrically connected to the communication unit (210), the memory unit (230), and additional elements (240) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (220) can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (230). Additionally, the control unit (220) can transmit information stored in the memory unit (230) to an external entity (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (210), or store information received from an external entity (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (210) in the memory unit (230).

[0317] The additional element (240) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (240) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 1, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 1, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 1, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 1, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 1, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 1, 400), a base station (Fig. 1, 200), a network node, etc. Depending on the use—e.g., service—the wireless device may be movable or used in a fixed location.

[0318] In FIG. 28, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (210). For example, within the wireless device (200), the control unit (220) and the communication unit (210) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (220) and the first unit (e.g., 230, 240) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (210). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (220) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (220) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0319] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 28 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0320] FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT).

[0321] Referring to FIG. 29, the portable device (200) may include an antenna unit (208), a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), a power supply unit (240a), an interface unit (240b), and an input / output unit (240c). The antenna unit (208) may be configured as part of the communication unit (210). Blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240c of FIG. 29 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0322] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (220) can control the components of the portable device (200) to perform various operations. The control unit (220) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (230) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (200). Additionally, the memory unit (230) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (240a) supplies power to the portable device (200) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (240b) can support the connection between the portable device (200) and other external devices. The interface unit (240b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (240c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (240c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (240d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0323] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (240c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (230). The communication unit (210) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (210) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals are stored in the memory unit (230) and then can be output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (240c).

[0324] FIG. 30 illustrates an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0325] Referring to FIG. 30, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) may include an antenna unit (208-1), a communication unit (210-1), a control unit (220-1), a driving unit (240a-1), a power supply unit (240b-1), a sensor unit (240c-1), and an autonomous driving unit (240d-1). The antenna unit (208-1) may be configured as part of the communication unit (210-1). Blocks 210-1 / 230-1 / 240a-1 to 240d-1 of FIG. 30 correspond to blocks 210 / 230 / 240 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0326] The communication unit (210-1) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside base stations (Road Side Unit), etc.), and servers. The control unit (220-1) can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1). The control unit (220-1) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit (240a-1) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) on the ground. The driving unit (240a-1) may include an engine, motor, power train, wheels, brakes, steering device, etc. The power supply unit (240b-1) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The sensor unit (240c-1) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (240c-1) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (240d-1) may implement technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technologies for automatically driving along a predetermined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set.

[0327] For example, the communication unit (210-1) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (240d-1) can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (220-1) can control the drive unit (240a-1) so that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (200-1) moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (210-1) can acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server non-periodically and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (240c-1) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (240d-1) can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (210-1) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving path, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to vehicles or autonomous vehicles. If the device (220-2) is an autonomous vehicle, it can perform the same procedure as the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1). In addition, if the device (220-2) is a base station or a roadside base station, the device (220-2) can transmit data and control signals to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (200-1) through the communication unit (210-2).

[0328] FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a vehicle applicable to the present disclosure. The vehicle may be implemented as a means of transport, a train, an aircraft, a ship, etc. Referring to FIG. 31, the vehicle (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a), and a position measurement unit (240b). Here, blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240b correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0329] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other vehicles or external devices such as base stations. The control unit (220) can control the components of the vehicle (200) to perform various operations. The memory unit (230) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands that support various functions of the vehicle (100). The input / output unit (240a) can output AR / VR objects based on information within the memory unit (230). The input / output unit (240a) may include a HUD. The position measurement unit (240b) can acquire position information of the vehicle (200). The position information may include absolute position information of the vehicle (200), position information within the driving line, acceleration information, position information relative to surrounding vehicles, etc. The position measurement unit (240b) may include GPS and various sensors.

[0330] For example, the communication unit (210) of the vehicle (200) can receive map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and store it in the memory unit (230). The location measurement unit (240b) can acquire vehicle location information through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit (230). The control unit (220) creates a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, and vehicle location information, etc., and the input / output unit (240a) can display the created virtual object on the glass window inside the vehicle (240a-1, 240a-2). In addition, the control unit (220) can determine whether the vehicle (200) is operating normally within the driving line based on the vehicle location information. If the vehicle (200) deviates abnormally from the driving line, the control unit (220) can display a warning on the glass window inside the vehicle through the input / output unit (240a). Additionally, the control unit (220) can broadcast a warning message regarding a driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles through the communication unit (210). Depending on the situation, the control unit (220) can transmit the vehicle's location information and information regarding the driving / vehicle abnormality to relevant authorities through the communication unit (210).

[0331] FIG. 32 illustrates an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0332] Referring to FIG. 32, the XR device (200a) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a), a sensor unit (240b), and a power supply unit (240c). Here, blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240c of FIG. 32 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0333] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., media data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, mobile devices, or media servers. The media data may include video, images, sound, etc. The control unit (220) can control the components of the XR device (200a) to perform various operations. For example, the control unit (220) may be configured to control and / or perform procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, metadata generation, and processing. The memory unit (230) may store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for driving the XR device (200a) or creating an XR object. The input / output unit (240a) acquires control information, data, etc. from the outside and can output the created XR object. The input / output unit (240a) may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker and / or haptic module, etc. The sensor unit (240b) can obtain XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (240b) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an accelerometer, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone and / or radar, etc. The power supply unit (240c) supplies power to the XR device (200a) and may include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.

[0334] For example, the memory unit (230) of the XR device (200a) may contain information (e.g., data, etc.) necessary for creating an XR object (e.g., AR / VR / MR object). The input / output unit (240a) may receive a command to operate the XR device (200a) from the user, and the control unit (220) may operate the XR device (200a) according to the user's operation command. For example, if the user intends to watch movies, news, etc. through the XR device (200a), the control unit (220) may transmit content request information to another device (e.g., mobile device (200b)) or a media server through the communication unit (230). The communication unit (230) may download / stream content such as movies, news, etc. from another device (e.g., mobile device (200b)) or a media server to the memory unit (230). The control unit (220) controls and / or performs procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation / processing for the content, and can generate / output an XR object based on information about the surrounding space or real object acquired through the input / output unit (240a) / sensor unit (240b).

[0335] Additionally, the XR device (200a) is wirelessly connected to the mobile device (200b) through the communication unit (210), and the operation of the XR device (200a) can be controlled by the mobile device (200b). For example, the mobile device (200b) can act as a controller for the XR device (200a). To this end, the XR device (200a) can acquire three-dimensional position information of the mobile device (200b), and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the mobile device (200b).

[0336] FIG. 33 illustrates an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure. Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use.

[0337] Referring to FIG. 33, the robot (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a), a sensor unit (240b), and a driving unit (240c). Here, blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240c of FIG. 33 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 240 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0338] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit (220) can control the components of the robot (200) to perform various operations. The memory unit (230) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands that support various functions of the robot (200). The input / output unit (240a) can acquire information from outside the robot (200) and output information to outside the robot (200). The input / output unit (240a) may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker and / or haptic module, etc. The sensor unit (240b) can obtain internal information of the robot (200), surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (240b) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an accelerometer, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The driving unit (240c) may perform various physical movements, such as moving robot joints. Additionally, the driving unit (240c) may enable the robot (200) to travel on the ground or fly in the air. The driving unit (240c) may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, etc.

[0339] FIG. 34 illustrates an example of an AI device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0340] AI devices can be implemented as stationary devices or mobile devices, such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc.

[0341] Referring to FIG. 34, the AI ​​device (200) may include a communication unit (210), a control unit (220), a memory unit (230), an input / output unit (240a / 240b), a learning processor unit (240c), and a sensor unit (240d). Blocks 210 to 230 / 240a to 240d of FIG. 34 correspond to blocks 210 to 230 / 140 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0342] The communication unit (210) can transmit and receive wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning model, control signal, etc.) with external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100a to 100f, 120 in FIG. 1) or AI servers (e.g., 100g in FIG. 1) using wired and wireless communication technology. To do this, the communication unit (210) can transmit information within the memory unit (230) to an external device or transmit signals received from an external device to the memory unit (230).

[0343] The control unit (220) can determine at least one executable operation of the AI ​​device (200) based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit (220) can perform the determined operation by controlling the components of the AI ​​device (200). For example, the control unit (220) can request, search, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit (240c) or the memory unit (230), and can control the components of the AI ​​device (200) to execute a predicted operation or an operation determined to be desirable among at least one executable operation. Additionally, the control unit (220) can collect historical information, including the operation content of the AI ​​device (200) or user feedback regarding the operation, and store it in the memory unit (230) or the learning processor unit (240c), or transmit it to an external device such as an AI server (Fig. 1, 100g). The collected historical information can be used to update the learning model.

[0344] The memory unit (230) can store data that supports various functions of the AI ​​device (200). For example, the memory unit (230) can store data obtained from the input unit (240a), data obtained from the communication unit (210), output data from the learning processor unit (240c), and data obtained from the sensing unit (140). Additionally, the memory unit (230) can store control information and / or software code required for the operation / execution of the control unit (220).

[0345] The input unit (240a) can acquire various types of data from outside the AI ​​device (200). For example, the input unit (220) can acquire training data for model training and input data to which the training model is applied. The input unit (240a) may include a camera, a microphone and / or a user input unit, etc. The output unit (240b) can generate output related to visual, auditory, or tactile senses, etc. The output unit (240b) may include a display unit, a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc. The sensing unit (140d) can obtain at least one of internal information of the AI ​​device (200), surrounding environment information of the AI ​​device (200), and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit (140d) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an accelerometer, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone and / or radar, etc.

[0346] The learning processor unit (240c) can train a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data. The learning processor unit (240c) can perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI ​​server (Fig. 1, 100g). The learning processor unit (240c) can process information received from an external device through the communication unit (210) and / or information stored in the memory unit (230). Additionally, the output value of the learning processor unit (240c) can be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit (210) and / or stored in the memory unit (230).

[0347] The proposed methods described above may be implemented independently, but they may also be implemented in the form of a combination (or merger) of some of the proposed methods. Rules may be defined so that the base station informs the terminal of the application status of the proposed methods (or information regarding the rules of the proposed methods) through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or an upper layer signal).

[0348] The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential features described herein. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included within the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that are not explicitly related in the claims, or new claims may be included by amendments made after filing.

[0349] The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless access systems. Examples of various wireless access systems include the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) or 3GPP2 systems.

[0350] The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the various wireless access systems mentioned above but also to all technical fields utilizing the various wireless access systems. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems utilizing the ultra-high frequency band.

[0351] Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications, such as autonomous vehicles and drones.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, A step of receiving multiple downlink reference signals from a base station; A step of performing measurements on the above plurality of downlink reference signals; A step of transmitting a feedback signal generated based on the measurement to the base station; A step of performing a connection establishment procedure based on the above feedback signal; A step of receiving information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station; A step of transmitting an uplink reference signal based on information related to the above-mentioned region of interest; and A method comprising the step of performing sensing of a target based on the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above uplink reference signal is transmitted to the base station via a first beam and to the target via a second beam.

3. In Paragraph 2, The uplink reference signal transmitted through the first beam is transmitted within the same time interval as the PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) transmitted through the first beam, and A method in which the power of the symbol to which the uplink reference signal is transmitted is determined to be twice the power of the symbol to which the PUSCH is transmitted.

4. In Paragraph 1, The method further includes the step of storing measurement results for the plurality of downlink reference signals mentioned above, The method in which the uplink reference signal is transmitted through a beam determined based on information related to the region of interest and the measurement results.

5. In Paragraph 4, The above measurement results include a method comprising RSRP (reference signal received power) values ​​measured through each of the beams of the device for each of the plurality of downlink reference signals.

6. In Paragraph 5, The method further includes the step of identifying a first reference signal included in the plurality of downlink reference signals based on information related to the aforementioned region of interest, A method in which a beam determined based on the above measurement results includes a beam corresponding to the largest value among the measured RSRP values ​​for the first reference signal.

7. In Paragraph 1, The method further includes the step of requesting information related to the area of ​​interest from the base station, The information related to the above-mentioned region of interest includes a method of including beam index information.

8. In Paragraph 1, A step of receiving a RAR (random access response) message from the base station based on the feedback signal; A step of transmitting a message containing information related to a terminal to the base station using scheduling information included in the above RAR message; It further includes the step of receiving a contention resolution message, The above feedback signal includes a preamble, and A method comprising a message containing information related to the above terminal, including a message requesting information related to the area of ​​interest.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the uplink reference signal is selected as either a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a sounding reference signal (SRS) based on the requirements of the sensing.

10. In Paragraph 1, A step of transmitting a scheduling request to the above-mentioned base station; The method further includes the step of receiving an uplink grant from the base station, A method in which the uplink reference signal includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmitted within the same time interval as the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) based on the uplink grant.

11. In Paragraph 1, The method wherein the uplink reference signal includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmitted within the same time interval as the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) through preemption having a higher priority than the uplink grant of other uplink signals.

12. In Paragraph 1, The above uplink reference signal includes a sounding reference signal (SRS) that is periodically transmitted based on downlink control information (DCI).

13. In Paragraph 1, The above uplink reference signal is mapped to a first OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol, a second OFDM symbol, a third OFDM symbol, and a fourth OFDM symbol within a single resource block structure, and The first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol are determined not to be adjacent within the resource block structure, and A method in which the third OFDM symbol and the fourth OFDM symbol are determined by neighboring symbols existing between the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol.

14. In Paragraph 13, The first OFDM symbol above is the third symbol of the resource block structure, and The above second OFDM symbol is the 12th symbol of the resource block structure, and The above third OFDM symbol is the seventh symbol of the resource block structure, and The above 4th OFDM symbol is the 8th symbol of the resource block structure.

15. In Paragraph 13, The first OFDM symbol above is the third symbol of the resource block structure, and The second OFDM symbol above is the fourth symbol of the resource block structure, and The above third OFDM symbol is the 11th symbol of the resource block structure, and The above 4th OFDM symbol is the 12th symbol of the resource block structure.

16. In Paragraph 13, The first OFDM symbol above is the third symbol of the resource block structure, and The above second OFDM symbol is the 10th symbol of the resource block structure, and The above third OFDM symbol is the 11th symbol of the resource block structure, and The above 4th OFDM symbol is the 12th symbol of the resource block structure.

17. In Paragraph 1, The step of performing sensing for the above target is, A step of obtaining a sensing channel by removing the uplink reference signal from the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal; A step of estimating the distance of the target based on the subcarrier index with the largest result value obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation on each subcarrier for the sensing channel; A method comprising the step of estimating the velocity of the target based on the symbol index with the largest result value obtained by performing a fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation on each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the sensing channel.

18. Regarding the method, A step of transmitting multiple downlink reference signals; A step of performing a measurement of the reflected signals of the above downlink reference signals; A step of receiving a feedback signal generated from a terminal based on the reference signals; A step of performing a connection establishment procedure based on the above feedback signal; A step of transmitting information related to a region of interest determined based on measurements of the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals to the terminal; and The step of receiving an uplink reference signal, comprising: A method in which the uplink reference signal is transmitted to a base station through the first beam of the terminal and transmitted to a target through the second beam of the terminal.

19. In Paragraph 18, Information related to the above-mentioned region of interest includes the index value of the downlink reference signal corresponding to the largest value among the average RSRP (reference signal received power) values ​​for the reflected signals of the downlink reference signals.

20. In Paragraph 18, A step of receiving a scheduling request from the above terminal; The method further includes the step of transmitting an uplink grant to the above terminal, A method in which the uplink reference signal includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmitted within the same time interval as the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) based on the uplink grant.

21. In the device, Transmitter / receiver; and It includes a processor connected to the above-mentioned transmitter and receiver, The above processor is, Receive multiple downlink reference signals from a base station, and Measurements are performed on the above plurality of downlink reference signals, and Transmitting a feedback signal generated based on the above measurement to the above base station, and Based on the above feedback signal, perform the connection establishment procedure, and Information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals is received from the base station, and Transmit an uplink reference signal based on information related to the above-mentioned area of ​​interest, and A device configured to perform sensing of a target based on the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

22. In the device, Transmitter / receiver; and It includes a processor connected to the above-mentioned transmitter and receiver, The above processor is, Transmitting multiple downlink reference signals, and Measurements are performed on the reflected signals of the above downlink reference signals, and Receive a feedback signal generated from the terminal based on the above reference signals, and Based on the above feedback signal, perform the connection establishment procedure, and Information related to a region of interest determined based on measurements of the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals is transmitted to the terminal, and Configure to receive uplink reference signals, The above uplink reference signal is a device that transmits to the base station through the first beam of the terminal and to the target through the second beam of the terminal.

23. In the terminal, At least one processor; It includes at least one computer memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that direct operations as they are executed by the at least one processor, The above operations are, A step of receiving multiple downlink reference signals from a base station; A step of performing measurements on the above plurality of downlink reference signals; A step of transmitting a feedback signal generated based on the measurement to the base station; A step of performing a connection establishment procedure based on the above feedback signal; A step of receiving information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station; A step of transmitting an uplink reference signal based on information related to the above-mentioned region of interest; and A terminal comprising the step of performing sensing of a target based on the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

24. In a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, It includes at least one instruction executable by a processor, The above at least one instruction is, the device, Receive multiple downlink reference signals from a base station, and Measurements are performed on the above plurality of downlink reference signals, and Transmitting a feedback signal generated based on the above measurement to the above base station, and Based on the above feedback signal, perform the connection establishment procedure, and Information related to a region of interest (RoI) determined based on the reflected signals of the plurality of downlink reference signals is received from the base station, and Transmit an uplink reference signal based on information related to the above-mentioned area of ​​interest, and A computer-readable medium configured to perform sensing of a target based on the reflected signal of the uplink reference signal.

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