Method and apparatus for adaptive configured grant transmission for XR traffic
Adaptive CG transmission schemes optimize XR traffic by adjusting transmission parameters across multiple CG occasions, addressing diverse QoS requirements for enhanced XR service performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems struggle to efficiently manage the diverse and complex quality of service (QoS) requirements of extended reality (XR) traffic, including ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, and reliability, which are critical for immersive experiences.
Implementing adaptive configured grant (CG) transmission schemes that adjust modulation and coding schemes, repetition numbers, and resource allocation based on XR traffic types to optimize transmission parameters across multiple CG occasions, ensuring consistent QoS for diverse XR streams.
Enhances XR service performance by meeting varying QoS demands, reducing latency, and maintaining reliable data transmission for immersive experiences across XR applications.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024143915_07052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ADAPTIVE CONFIGURED GRANT TRANSMISSION FOR XR TRAFFICCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 713, 259 filed on October 29, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The application relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to configured grant (CG) transmission for extended reality (XR) traffic.BACKGROUND
[0003] In wireless networks, XR services may be one of applications that may require good support and management. XR may be referred to as an umbrella term, encompassing one or more of virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , and / or mixed reality (MR) . These technologies may create immersive experiences by blending the digital and / or physical worlds to varying degrees. XR applications may be increasingly diverse and / or complex, ranging from entertainment and / or gaming to industrial training, remote collaboration, and / or healthcare etc.SUMMARY
[0004] One or more implementations of the present application provide communication methods and communication apparatuses. The techniques described in the application can improve the performance of XR services.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving information of a CG, where the information of the CG indicates multiple CG occasions associated with the CG. A transmission parameter is transmitted on a first CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions. The transmission parameter is for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions or a coded block group (CBG) .
[0006] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter includes at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) indicator, a repetition number indicator, a duration indicator, a traffic type indicator, or a quality of service (QoS) indicator.
[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter indicates a CG occasion of a second multiple CG occasions.
[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, after transmitting on the CG occasion of the second multiple CG occasions, the method further includes continuing to transmit on another CG occasion of the second multiple CG occasions.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter indicates a duration of continuation of transmitting on the second multiple CG occasions.
[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion includes an indicator representing at least one of a value change between a transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the CG, or a value change between the transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the first CG occasion.
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion is transmitted by using a media access control (MAC) header of the first CG occasion.
[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG is transmitted in a first CBG, and both the first CBG and the second CBG are transmitted in a same transport block on the first CG occasion.
[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG includes at least one of a size indicator, a resource allocation indicator, or a CBG boundary indicator of the second CBG.
[0014] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG is transmitted by using a MAC header in the first CBG.
[0015] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes receiving a second transmission parameter that indicates a reset of a transmission configuration of the CG.
[0016] According to a second aspect, a method is provided. The method includes transmitting information of a CG to a terminal, where the information of the CG indicates multiple CG occasions associated with the CG. A transmission parameter is received on a first CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions and from the terminal. The transmission parameter is for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions or a second CBG.
[0017] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter includes at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) indicator, a repetition number indicator, a duration indicator, a traffic type indicator, or a quality of service (QoS) indicator.
[0018] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter indicates a CG occasion of a second multiple CG occasions.
[0019] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, after receiving transmission on the CG occasion of the second multiple CG occasions, the method further comprises continuing to receive transmission on another CG occasion of the second multiple CG occasions.
[0020] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter indicates a duration of continuation of receiving transmission on the second multiple CG occasions.
[0021] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion includes an indicator representing at least one of a value change between a transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the CG, or a value change between the transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the first CG occasion.
[0022] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion is received by using a MAC header of the first CG occasion.
[0023] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, a transmission parameter for a third CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions is received on the first CG occasion.
[0024] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG is received in a first CBG, and both the first CBG and the second CBG are received in a same transport block on the first CG occasion.
[0025] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG includes at least one of a size indicator, a resource allocation indicator, or a CBG boundary indicator of the second CBG.
[0026] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG is received by using a MAC header in the first CBG.
[0027] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes transmitting a second transmission parameter that indicates a reset of a transmission configuration of the CG.
[0028] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus is configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0029] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive information of a CG, where the information of the CG indicates multiple CG occasions associated with the CG.
[0030] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a transmitting unit configured to transmit, on a first CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions or a second CBG.
[0031] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a transmitting unit configured to transmit information of a CG to a terminal, where the information of the CG indicates multiple CG occasions associated with the CG.
[0032] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive, on a first CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions and from the terminal, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions or a second CBG.
[0033] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes an interface unit configured to receive information of a CG, where the information of the CG indicates multiple CG occasions associated with the CG, and transmit, on a first CG occasion of the multiple the CG occasions, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions or a second CBG.
[0034] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes an interface unit configured to transmit information of a CG to a terminal, where the information of the CG indicates multiple CG occasions associated with the CG, and receive, on a first CG occasion of the multiple the CG occasions and from the terminal, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the multiple CG occasions or a second CBG.
[0035] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0036] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories. The one or more memories store instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0037] According to a fifth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect. The communication system further includes a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0038] According to a sixth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0039] According to a seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product stores instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0040] The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter of this present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system.
[0042] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system.
[0043] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system.
[0044] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus.
[0045] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus.
[0046] FIG. 6 illustrates example QoS requirements for different XR steams in a multi-modal XR application session or in a set of PDUs.
[0047] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of multi-modal XR bursts in multiple frames.
[0048] FIG. 8 illustrates an example solution to QoS requirements to support XR applications.
[0049] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an adaptive grant free (GF) / configured grant (CG) transmission scheme.
[0050] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an adaptive configured grant transmission scheme with CBGs.
[0051] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an indication of transmission information.
[0052] FIG. 12 illustrates a second example of an indication of transmission information.
[0053] FIG. 13 illustrates a third example of an indication of transmission information.
[0054] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of CG resources with a periodicity T_gf.
[0055] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a configuration with multiple sets of CG (time-frequency) resources.
[0056] FIG. 16 illustrates an example procedure for adaptive CG transmissions.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0057] Some XR application types may include at least one of (1) immersive VR: fully digital environments for gaming, training, and / or virtual tours etc.; (2) AR overlays: digital information superimposed on the real world, which may be used in navigation, maintenance, and / or education etc.; (3) mixed Reality interactions: blending digital and / or physical elements for design, collaboration, and / or entertainment etc.; (4) 360-degree video: Immersive video experiences for entertainment and / or virtual presence etc.; or (5) holographic telepresence: real-time 3D representations for remote collaboration and / or telemedicine etc.
[0058] In some implementations, XR traffic in XR applications may involve multiple, diverse data streams within a single session, for example, data streams can be (1) high-resolution video for visual rendering of environments and / or AR overlays etc.; (2) audio: spatial audio for immersive experiences; (3) haptic feedback: tactile sensations for increased realism; (4) motion tracking data: real-time user movement and / or orientation information; (5) environmental mapping: spatial data for AR placement and / or obstacle detection; (6) user input: controller actions, gestures, and / or voice commands; or (7) application state data: synchronization information for multi-user experiences.
[0059] In some implementations, one or more data streams may be included in one or more traffic flows, each having a QoS requirement, and one or more traffic flows may be distributed across one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions, depending on the application architecture and / or network capabilities.
[0060] In some implementations, different streams within an XR application (e.g., video, audio, haptic feedback) may be mapped to different QoS flows based on their requirements. For instance, a high-priority, low-latency haptic feedback stream may be mapped to a QoS flow with, e.g., a 5QI that may guarantee very low latency (e.g., 5QI 82 or 85) . A less time-critical background data stream may be mapped to a different QoS flow with more relaxed requirements. The varying QoS requirements for XR flows (or streams) may include one or more of (1) ultra-low latency, where (a) round-trip latency may be under 20ms to prevent motion sickness and / or ensure responsiveness; (b) some haptic feedback may require even lower latencies, down to 1ms; or (c) suitable 5QIs: 82, 83, 84, 85 (depending on specific requirements) ; (2) high bandwidth, where (a) high-resolution video streams may require 100Mbps to 1Gbps per user; (b) multiple streams can increase bandwidth needs; or (c) suitable 5QIs: 80, 82, 85 (for different priority levels and / or latency requirements) ; (3) reliability, where (a) packet loss may be minimized to maintain visual quality and / or prevent artifacts; (b) critical control data requires near-zero packet loss; or (c) suitable 5QIs: those with low packet error rates (PERs) , e.g., 80, 82, 83 (10^-6 PER) ; (4) consistent quality of service, where (a) jitter may be minimized to maintain smooth experiences; (b) stable frame rates are desired to prevent disorientation; or (c) QoS consistency across diverse streams is challenging but desired; (5) uplink performance, where (a) many XR applications require high uplink capacity for motion tracking, environmental mapping, and / or user-generated content; or (b) uplink requirements may approach downlink requirements in some scenarios; or (6) edge computing integration, where some processing may need to occur at the network edge to meet latency requirements, which may affect how traffic is routed and / or how QoS is managed across the network.
[0061] This disclosure provides example method, systems, apparatus, implementations, designs, and / or schemes on adaptive grant free (GF) / CG transmissions to support XR traffic, by considering multi-modal streams with multi-QoS requirements and / or stream information importance.
[0062] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system, according to some implementations of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and includes of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also referred to as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 4, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0063] In some implementations, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0064] In some implementations, the communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0065] In some implementations, the communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0066] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100, according to some implementations of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 107a, 107b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0067] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0068] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0069] In some implementations, a base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be referred to as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0070] In some implementations, the EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0071] In some implementations, a base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, multiple RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be referred to by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0072] In some implementations, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0073] In some implementations, the ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0074] In some implementations, each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0075] In some implementations, each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0076] In some implementations, the ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0077] In some implementations, an air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) can include a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0078] In some implementations, the non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0079] In some implementations, the TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0080] In some implementations, the RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0081] In some implementations, the, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0082] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) , according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, for example, including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0083] In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0084] In some implementations, the memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0085] In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0086] In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. For example, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0087] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0088] In some implementations, the processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203, may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0089] In some implementations, the apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0090] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be multiple nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0091] In some implementations, the processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0092] In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0093] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0094] In some implementations, the processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0095] In some implementations, the apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0096] In some implementations, the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be referred to as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0097] In some implementations, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0098] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0099] In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In some implementations, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for multiple times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. The communication includes transmitting signal (or data, information) to another component or device, or receives signal from another component or device. “transmitting” includes outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit (transmitting unit) . “receiving” includes inputting or obtaining a signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit (receiving unit) . Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0100] In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0101] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus 510, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0102] In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0103] In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0104] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. For example, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0105] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0106] In some implementations, the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0107] In some implementations, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0108] In some implementations, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0109] In some implementations, a processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0110] In some implementations, memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In some implementations, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0111] FIG. 6 illustrates example QoS requirements for different XR steams in a multi-modal XR application session or in a set of PDUs.
[0112] In some implementations, XR applications may include multiple QoS flows and / or streams with multi-modal inter-dependencies over one or more XR frames. Multiple traffic bursts may be included in an XR frame, and burst pattern can be different frame by frame, where each burst is part of one or more XR streams as XR application PDU (s) .
[0113] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of multi-modal XR bursts in multiple frames. Each XR burst is associated with QoS requirements as described in FIG. 6, and one XR burst is part of one XR stream. In this example, the XR frame period is 16.6667ms, where frame timing is used for coherent XR traffic assembling at application level.
[0114] In some implementations, XR frame periods of 16.6667ms may not be of a desired / rational duration since the CG resources may be configured in terms of wireless frame duration of e.g., 10ms. Thus, it may be very challenging to facilitate efficient and / or effective support for XR applications. To meet multi-modal QoS requirements, efficiency enhancements to 5G hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) procedures can be applied, including the factors in terms of capacity or power consumption.
[0115] In addition to individual QoS requirements on different streams in XR traffic, different XR stream / burst types may have different roles in terms of their importance and impact on XR frame quality (also addressed in FIG. 7) . In some implementations, the streams can be prioritized with importance order as follows: video stream (most critical) , motion tracking stream, UE input stream, voice stream, haptic feedback stream, and application data stream (varies based on application) . In some scenarios, the video and / or motion tracking streams are typically the most crucial for maintaining high-quality XR frames. Any issues with these streams can immediately and noticeably degrade the user experience. The UE Input stream follows closely, as responsive interaction is important to a seamless XR experience.
[0116] While all streams contribute to the overall quality, focusing on optimizing some, for example, the video, motion tracking, and input streams will likely yield the most improvements in XR frame quality and user experience. As a result, XR services present a unique challenge for QoS management due to their diverse, high-bandwidth, low-latency requirements and complex, multi-stream nature. Successful implementation may require a flexible, dynamic approach to QoS and associated HARQ procedure that can adapt to the rapidly changing requirements of XR applications while efficiently utilizing network resources.
[0117] FIG. 8 illustrates an example solution to QoS requirements to support XR applications. In some implementations, a UE is (pre-) configured with multiple CG transmission occasions, e.g., CG transmission occasions 802, 804, 806, and / or 808, with time-frequency resources with pre-configured modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) . Throughout this disclosure, CG may refer to grant free scheduling of resources for uplink transmission from the terminal device (e.g., UE) to the network node (e.g., TRP and / or gNB and / or NT-TRP etc. ) . This grant free scheduling of resources may be associated with terrestrial networks, non-terrestrial networks, sidelink communication networks, device to device communication networks etc. Although some of the examples and / or implementations in this disclosure are explained with respect to grant free scheduling and / or CG, it should be understood that the teachings of this disclosure may also be applied to usual grant based scheduling in wireless communication networks. For example, the UE may be configured by a signal and / or message. The UE may receive the signal and / or message from a base station, e.g., via RRC signaling and / or higher layer signaling. The signal and / or message can indicate one or more transmission parameters of the multiple CG transmission occasions, including e.g., time-frequency resource, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , and / or other information of the multiple CG transmission occasions. In this cases, different CG occasions, for example, CG occasions 802, 804, 806, and 808, are configured with the same MCS. Upon the arrival of an XR traffic, e.g., XR traffic 812, 814, or 816, the UE may use the next closest CG occasion, e.g., CG occasion 804, 806, or 808 respectively, to transmit XR traffic or packet (s) , for example, where all types of XR traffic / streams, e.g., XR traffic 812, 814, and 816, may be transmitted with the same transmission reliability level without distinguishing information importance among XR packets or streams as, for example, one MCS is RRC configured and fixed for CG transmissions to be applicable to all XR traffic / streams.
[0118] However, solutions are desired for dynamic changes on transmission parameters over different XR streams, which may have different QoS requirements or traffic importance levels.
[0119] Therefore, for solutions to support XR applications with multi-modal streams and multi-QoS requirements, one or more transmission parameters may be used and are adaptive to specific XR traffic type in terms of information importance level or QoS, for example, different MCSs may be applicable depending on traffic types, QoS requirements, or importance levels are desired. To achieve this, both scheduling and grant free (GF) / CG transmissions may be employed, where the CG transmissions may support applications with low latency requirement due to no dynamic scheduling request and grant are required upon traffic arrival, which may applicable for any of DL or UL transmissions.
[0120] In some implementations, CG time-frequency resources with transmission parameters such as MCS and / or transmission repetition numbers may be preconfigured by RRC or predefined by standards, which may not be changed over CG transmissions. So, a reception node (e.g., network node such as a TRP, a base station, etc. or another UE) may be able to detect the CG transmissions with the known transmission parameters. However, in some scenarios, XR traffic may involve multi-modal streams such as motion tracking information, video stream, and / or voice stream, which may be more suitable for transmissions with, e.g., a different MCS and / or repetition number, etc., due to the fact that a different type of XR traffic may have different QoS requirement such as block error rate (BLER) and / or play a role of different importance for successful re-assembling of an XR frame, e.g., the XR frame between two consecutive frame boundaries 822 and 824 in FIG. 8, at the reception node. For example, motion tracking information is critical for the re-assembling of the XR frame and may have an impact on XR frame quality than other XR traffic such as voice information.
[0121] In some implementations, to perform adaptive CG transmissions, for a given set of (pre-) configured CG time-frequency resources and transmission parameters, upon XR traffic arrival, a UE may find closest or earliest available CG resource occasion to transmit XR traffic (initially) with preconfigured transmission parameter (s) , where the (initial) CG transmission may carry information for an indication of value changing for at least one transmission parameter of the following or next CG transmission (s) , and notify a reception node (such as a network node or another UE) . In this way, the reception node is aware of what new transmission parameter value (s) or new transmission scheme (s) to use for the reception.
[0122] In some implementations, a CG transmission may include an indication of traffic and / or transmission parameter information, including one or more of the following: (1) a transmission in one CG occasion may include an indication of value changing for one or more transmission parameters for the following one or more CG occasions (that to be used or to be signaled to use) ; (2) a transmission in a CG occasion may include an indication of time-remaining duration (relative to its required latency) for the traffic being sent in the CG occasion, and optionally time-remaining duration (s) for traffic to be sent in the following one or more CG occasions; (3) a transmission in a CG occasion may include an indication of QoS attribute (s) for the traffic being sent in the CG occasion, and optionally QoS attribute (s) for traffic to be sent in the following one or more CG occasions; (4) a transmission in a CG occasion may include an indication of importance level (in terms of a role in, e.g., reliability detection) for the traffic being sent in the CG occasion, and optionally importance level (s) for traffic to be sent in the following one or more CG occasions; (5) a transmission in a CG occasion may include an indication of an identity (such as a packet index, a group index associated with a group of packets, etc. ) for the traffic being sent in the CG occasion, and optionally an identity (or identities) for traffic to be sent in the following one or more CG occasions; or (6) in case of coded block groups (CBGs, each CBG may include one or more coded blocks) in each CG transmission, an initial CG transmission (upon arrival of traffic for first time CG transmission) may use (pre-) configured transmission parameter values in first CBG of the initial CG transmission, where the first CBG may include an indication of the information for transmitting following one or more CBGs in the initial CG transmission, or for transmitting following one or more following CBGs in next CG transmission occasion (s) , in a way similar to an indication in CG transmission as described above.
[0123] In some implementations, a CG transmission may include an indication of how to use the following or next one or more CG resources. For example, the indication may notify or acknowledge a reception node, a different usage of the one or more CG resources, such as “skipped or restricted” , other than traffic transmission (s) , where, e.g., the one or more CG resources may be used for channel measurements or radio resource measurements.
[0124] In some implementations, to make the indication operational, a feedback mechanism or acknowledgement procedure can be used, for example, to periodically feedback reception status (s) of CG transmission detection (s) from a reception node, e.g., by a DCI or a control signaling. Such a feedback mechanism or acknowledgement procedure may provide acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) for individual CG detection or multiple-CG detections as a group knowledge, where the feedback mechanism or acknowledgement procedure may optionally include an instruction provided by a DCI or a control signaling, e.g., if such adaptive CG transmission scheme is to continue or not, if the following or next one or more CG resources may be “skipped or restricted” or used for traffic transmissions, which of the following or next one or more CG resources may be used for channel measurement or radio resource measurements, or if GF transmission is to be switched to grant-based scheduling scheme or not, etc.
[0125] In some implementations, an indication or configuration signaling can be broadcasted or be group-common or / and be UE-specific from a network node such as a base station. In some implementations, the indication or configuration signaling can be provided from a network node or a base station in a semi-statistical way such as RRC, MAC-CE or in dynamic way such as DCI. Moreover or alternatively, the indication and configuration signaling may be a control channel such as paging, wake-up signaling, reference signal, from main radio (MR) , low-power radio (LP radio) , etc.
[0126] The implementations of the disclosure are not limited only to the XR traffic only, and they can be applicable to applications with mixed traffic elements, each with, e.g., different QoS requirement and / or different information importance level.
[0127] At least some implementations to achieve the discussed / presented goals and / or solutions are described.
[0128] In some implementations, adaptive configured grant transmission can be performed based on XR traffic content or different traffic streams, where a configuration of multiple CG time-frequency resources may be provided. For example, a number of CG resources per period is configured in such a way that the period or a periodicity aligns with an XR frame. The configuration may also include one or more transmission parameters such as MCS, transmission repetition numbers, etc. (with configured values) . In some scenarios, one or more transmission parameters are semi-statically configured for the configured grant transmissions, which means, for example, MCS and / or redundant transmission (repetition) number selection in the configuration may be based in most conservative way, e.g., QPSK scheme to guarantee success transmission of most important traffic (such as motion tracking traffic in XR) with highest reliability. However, it may not be efficient to deliver XR traffic which includes one or more traffic streams with different QoS requirements, e.g., high or low transmission reliability. For traffic with low transmission reliability, the most conservative MCS scheme may mean low spectrum efficiency in usage. As a result, adaptive configured grant transmissions based on traffic content or different XR traffic streams are presented, where, for example, value (s) of a one or more transmission parameters (e.g., a subset of transmission parameters) such as MCS, redundant transmission (repetition) number may be changed over CG transmissions, but an indication of such dynamic information for following CG transmissions may be used to notify a reception node in advance for signal detection.
[0129] FIG. 9 shows an example of an adaptive grant free (GF) / CG transmission scheme. In some implementations, one configured grant or grant free transmission may include an indication of a value changing of one or more transmission parameters for the following one or more CG occasions (that is to be used or to be signaled to use) . In the example of FIG. 9, XR traffic is arriving at a rate of 16.667ms per XR frame, and four CG occasions, e.g., CG occasions 902, 904, 906, and 908, are configured with (pre-) configured MCS scheme of MCS0 for one XR frame, e.g., the XR frame between two consecutive frame boundaries 822 and 824. In some implementations, upon XR traffic arrival, the traffic may be QoS categorized and the resulting packets (corresponding to the traffic types or QoS requirements) may be buffered at one or more logical channels (LCs) of e.g., MAC layer, and when earliest CG occasion is available, the buffered packets may be selected to transmit over time-frequency resource of the earliest CG occasion using, e.g., (pre-) configured MCS scheme, i.e., MCS0.
[0130] In some implementations, if more packets are to be transmitted in the following CG occasion (s) , an indication of an updated values for transmission parameter (s) such as MCS and / or redundant transmission number (as needed depending on QoS requirement or importance of packets to be transmitted) may be provided e.g., via MAC-CE and / or UCI for the following CG transmission (s) . The information in MAC-CE and / or UCI may be transmitted over a CG occasion, e.g., first available CG occasion, for the following one or more CG occasions to transmit.
[0131] In some implementations, one transmission in a CG occasion may indicate value change (s) of transmission parameter (s) for the following CG occasion only (to reduce indication overhead in one CG transmission) , which is the case as shown in FIG. 9, where the earliest CG transmission 904 is using (pre-configured) MCS0, and an indication of transmission parameter change e.g., MCS change (e.g., to MCS1) is provided in the earliest CG transmission 904 for a CG transmission 906 immediately following the earliest CG transmission 904, and such a CG transmission 906 with MCS1 may provide an indication of MCS change (e.g., to MCS2) for a CG transmission 908 immediately following the CG transmission 906, and so forth. In some implementations, an indication of parameter value changes may be limited within an indication period such as one or more symbols, one or more slots, one or more subframes, one or more frames, one or more XR frames, etc. In FIG. 9, a CG transmission starts with preconfigured MCS (MCS0) scheme with an indication for the following CG transmission, but within each XR frame, e.g., the XR frame between two consecutive frame boundaries 822 and 824. In some implementations, the indication period to apply indicated new parameter value (s) may not be necessarily limited to a single XR frame duration, and may be configured to other time durations, for example, multiple XR frames, one or multiple-slot duration, one or multiple-symbol duration, one or multiple-wireless-frame duration.
[0132] In some implementations, for configured CG occasions with indicated parameter value changing, one indication strategy may be: a CG transmission over a CG occasion is to use default or (pre-) configured values unless indicated (explicitly) for parameter value change (s) of CG occasions of interest by an earlier CG transmission or by a network node. In some implementations, another indication strategy may be: a CG transmission over a CG occasion is to use the parameter values same as the previous CG transmission or last CG transmission unless indicated for parameter value change (s) of CG occasions of interest by an earlier CG transmission or by a network node.
[0133] In some implementations, on top of an indication on value changes of transmission parameters, more information on traffic can be indicated as well, including one or more of the following: (1) QoS attributes (more details see below) with QoS identity (for a simple indication) ; (2) time-remaining duration (relative to required latency) ; (3) packet / traffic identity being sent or to be sent, in a traffic group, where packets in the traffic group may belong to one or different LCs to be associated with different QoS attributes; (4) group identity to indicate a group of traffic or XR frame traffic. One traffic group includes one or more packets that may be stored in one or more LCs; (5) packet / traffic importance level, e.g., to indicate how important of the traffic or packet, where one or more bits can be used for an indication of importance level, for example, using one bit with value 0 being the critical information or top importance, and with value 1 being regular information. Due to diverse QoS requirements for packets in a traffic group, the packets may need transmissions within group coordination, for example, the more critical packet will be transmitted with higher priority and more conservatively, thus may have more time or chances to be successfully transmitted first within a required time window for transmissions of the traffic group.
[0134] In some implementations, QoS attributes may include one or more of the following: (1) logical channel (LC) priority, where one or more bits can be used for an indication of priority order to request for scheduling or for traffic transmission, for example, using one bit with value 0 being high priority that may be used to indicate, e.g., low latency traffic in an LC, and with value 1 being low priority; (2) latency, where end-to-end or air-link time requirement is indicated, and this may be associated directly with arrival time, and remaining time to be transmitted; moreover or alternatively, arrival time stamp of a packet or first packet in a traffic group may be recorded and can be used for remaining time against its latency requirement for the packet or the traffic group. The arrival time stamp also be reported to or used for scheduling / HARQ management among packets in the traffic group; (3) data rate, which is traffic rate that needs to be satisfied; or (4) reliability, which is bit error rate or block error rate that is required.
[0135] In some implementations, a combination of these QoS attributes may lead to one or more QoS attribute sets, where each QoS attribute set may be assigned or configured with a QoS identity that can be used as an indication in a message or signaling.
[0136] In some implementations, an indication of traffic information and / or updated value (s) of the transmission parameter (s) may be transmitted e.g., via MAC-CE and / or UCI in a CG transmission. The indication may provide information to help a reception node to better prepare for following transmissions (including switching from CG transmission to grant and / or scheduling based transmission) and manage HARQ retransmissions.
[0137] In some implementations, adaptive configured grant transmission scheme with coded block groups (CBGs) can be performed based on traffic content or different traffic streams in XR applications. In some implementations, a configuration of multiple time-frequency resources in a period such as to align with an XR frame is configured for configured grant transmissions, where each CG transmission may be configured to include one or more CBGs (CBGs may be separately or independently encoded blocks) . Thus, each CBG is able to be self-detectable at a reception node. The configuration may also include one or more transmission parameters such as MCS, transmission repetition numbers, etc. for CG transmissions, each including a transmission of one or more CBGs that are configured. In some implementations, the one or more transmission parameters are semi-statically configured for the configured grant transmissions, which means, for example, MCS and / or redundant transmission (repetition) number selection may be configured based in a most conservative way, e.g., to guarantee success transmission of most important traffic with highest reliability, for example, mostly like QPSK scheme can be used.
[0138] In some implementations, for a CG transmission with CBGs, upon XR traffic arrival, a UE may find (configured or preconfigured) closest or earliest CBG occasion in a CG transmission with multiple CBGs for a traffic transmission using preconfigured transmission parameters (and values) , where the earliest CBG transmission may carry information for an indication of value changing of at least one transmission parameter to be applicable for following CBG (s) in the CG transmission or one or more other CG occasions, and notify a reception node such as network node (or another UE) . In this way, the reception node is aware of what new transmission parameter value (s) or new transmission scheme (s) to be used for the reception of the following CBGs.
[0139] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an adaptive configured grant transmission scheme with CBGs. One CBG in a configured grant or grant free (GF) transmission may include an indication of value changing of one or more transmission parameters for following one or more CBGs (in the same CG transmission or following CG occasions) . In FIG. 10, XR traffic is arriving at a frame period of 16.667ms, and four CG occasions, for example, 1002, 1004, 1006, and 1008, in a period of roughly one XR frame, are configured with (pre-) configured MCS scheme of MCS0, each CG occasion may be configured to include one or more CBGs. Upon XR traffic arrival, the traffic may be QoS categorized and the resulting packets (corresponding to the traffic types or QoS requirements) , for example, XR traffic 812, 814, and 816, may be buffered at one or more logical channels of MAC layer. When earliest CBG occasion is available, the buffered packets may be selected to transmit in time-frequency resource of the earliest CBG using, e.g., (pre-) configured MCS scheme, i.e., MCS0, and in time-frequency resource of other CBG (s) whose transmission parameter (s) may be updated in value (s) by an indication carried in the earliest CBG transmission, or generally by an indication carried by an earlier CBG transmission. An indication of the new values of the transmission parameter (s) such as MCS, redundant transmission number may be provided via MAC-CE or UCI message in a CBG transmission.
[0140] In some implementations, a CBG transmission in a CG occasion may indicate value change (s) of transmission parameter (s) for the following CBG (s) in same CG occasion, which is the case shown in FIG. 10: first CBG transmitted in CG occasion 1004 is using (pre-configured) MCS0, and an indication of MCS change (e.g., to MCS1) is provided by the first CBG in CG occasion 1004 for the following CBG in the same CG transmission 1004. In FIG. 10, a starting CBG using MCS0, for example, in CG occasion 1004, may provide an indication of MCS change (for example, to MCS1) for a second CBG immediately following the starting CBG in the same CG transmission, for example, in CG transmission 1004, and the first CBG in the second CG transmission, for example, in the second CG transmission 1006, may use MCS1 (using an indication rule of last values used if not explicitly indicated) and provide an indication of MCS change (for example, to MCS2) for the second CBG immediately following the first CBG in the second CG transmission, for example, in the second CG transmission 1006, and so forth. In some implementations, an indication of parameter value changes for one or more CBGs may be limited within an indication period, which means one indication of changed values of transmission parameter (s) may keep the changing until the next indication of changing. In some implementations, the indication period applicable is not necessarily limited to a single XR frame duration, and can be configured to other time durations, for example, one or multiple XR frames, one or multiple-slot duration, one or multiple-symbol duration, one or more subframes, one or multiple frames.
[0141] In some implementations, on top of an indication on value changes of transmission parameters, more information on traffic can be indicated well within a CBG transmission. The information on traffic as described in other parts / implementations of this disclosure may still be applied. These indicated information may be transmitted via MAC-CE or UCI in a CBG transmission.
[0142] In some implementations, an indication of transmission information is provided. The transmission information may include current and / or new values used in transmission parameters such as MCSs, redundant transmission number, an indication of next one or more CG occasions to be used or muted, CG process ID, etc. Moreover or alternatively, the transmission information may include traffic or packet information such as importance level, traffic type, QoS identity, traffic / packet identity, latency related information (e.g., remaining time duration to transmit or expect to finish) , etc. An indication of the transmission information may be carried over MAC-CE or via uplink control information (UCI) .
[0143] In some implementations, UCI may be used to carry the indication of the transmission information sent via a PUCCH channel that is configured, or via a CG / CBG transmission that is possibly shared between data and the UCI. In other implementations, MAC sub-header can be used to provide the indication of the transmission information via MAC-CE.
[0144] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an indication of transmission information, via, e.g., MAC-CE, where in CG transmission occasion x, a MAC sub-header may include one or more of the following: an indication of transmission info such as real-time latency or time-remaining duration to transmit based on latency requirement, QoS identity, etc., on current CG transmission, and / or MCS, real-time latency or time-remaining duration to transmit based on latency requirement, QoS identity, etc., for next one (x+1) or more CG occasion (s) . Note that the CG Transmit Block in FIG. 11 may include both data (not shown in the figure) and a MAC-CE, and the indication of transmission information may be carried by uplink control information (UCI) , whose transmission may be multiplexed with the data transmission.
[0145] FIG. 12 illustrates a second example of an indication of transmission information, via, e.g., MAC-CE, where in a CG transmission with CBGs, a MAC sub-header in one CBG may include one or more of the following: an indication of transmission info such as real-time latency or time-remaining duration to transmit based on latency requirement, QoS identity, etc., on current CBG (e.g., N=0) transmission, and / or MCS, real-time latency or time-remaining duration to transmit based on latency requirement, QoS identity, etc., for next one (e.g., N=1) or more CBG occasions. Note that the CG Transmit Block in FIG. 11 may include both data (not shown in the figure) and a MAC-CE, and the indication of transmission information may be carried by uplink control information (UCI) , whose transmission may be multiplexed with the data transmission.
[0146] FIG. 13 illustrates a third example of an indication of transmission information, via, e.g., MAC-CE. The CG transmission can be either a CG transmission occasion x in FIG. 11 or a CG transmission with CBGs in FIG. 12. Consequently, the sub-headers in FIG. 13, for example, sub-header 1 1302, sub-header 2 1304, or sub-header 3 1306, can be the examples of MAC sub-headers described in FIG. 11 or FIG. 12. Data 1308 can be CG transmit block in FIG. 11 or CG transmit block with CBGs in FIG. 12.
[0147] In some implementations, different CG transmission configurations for XR traffic may be provided.
[0148] In some implementations, as traffic rate of XR applications such as 16.667 ms per XR frame may not be aligned with network frame timing in an integer multiple relationship, a configured periodicity, T_gf, for CG time-frequency resources may be equal to or an integer multiple of XR frame duration, which may be non-integer relationship with network frame duration. For example, T_gf may be configured as ms N / M, where M CG transmission occasions may be configured in N ms, where N, M are positive integers (N and M may or may not have an integer multiple relationship) , for example, ms 50 / 12 may mean 12 CG transmission occasions configured in 50ms. As an example, the configuration can be provided by higher layer signaling such as RRC, or MAC-CE. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of CG resources with a periodicity T_gf, roughly equal to XR frame duration of 16.667ms.
[0149] In some implementations, as a process identity (ID) of a CG transmission is based on its allocated time resources in relationship with its configured periodicity, CG occasions and transmissions within a configured periodicity correspond to same process ID. In some implementations, this may not be enough to feedback the detection outcomes of multiple CG transmissions, where each may transmit a different traffic or packet (s) (though some CG occasions in a period may be used to transmit same traffic with possible redundant transmissions / retransmissions) . In some implementations, a sub-process ID may be provided for each CG transmission, for example, in a MAC sub-header, where a first CG transmission may also indicate following one or more CG transmissions to transmit same or different traffic. When a reception node is to indicate feedback on multiple CG transmissions (each carrying different traffic but with a unique sub-process ID) , a group-based feedback can be used, for example, a bit map with multiple bits, each bit corresponding to one CG transmission or CG transmissions carrying same traffic (to be ACK or NACK) . In other implementations, a CG configured periodicity may include only one CG occasion or only CG occasions for initial and redundant transmissions only (thus, only one process ID is involved) , where one or more CG occasions in the CG configured periodicity may be used to transmit same traffic or packets only.
[0150] In some implementations, more than one set of CG resources or occasions are configured, where each CG resource set is configured to satisfy different QoS requirements, or configured with different transmission parameters (or values) such as MCS, redundant transmission number, etc. and may transmit one (different) TB. A TB transmission may start with a CG occasion within a preconfigured set or an activated set, and a switching between the configured CG sets may be indicated by one CG transmission using, e.g., MAC-CE or pre-configured condition or transmission pattern, etc.
[0151] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a configuration with multiple sets of CG (time-frequency) resources. As shown in FIG. 15, two sets of CG resources are configured, where one set is configured with MCS0 and the other is configured with MCS1. Upon XR traffic arrival, UE may use the next closest CG occasion in one set preconfigured as active or default. In this case, the first set with MCS0, e.g., the set having CG occasions 1502, 1504, 1506, and 1508, where one CG transmission, e.g. CG transmission 1504, may optionally indicate a resource set switch for transmission of the following traffic, e.g., XR traffic 814, in another CG resource set, e.g., the set with MCS1 and having CG occasions 1510, 1512, 1514, and 1516. For example, in FIG. 15, first CG transmission in the first CG resource set (with MCS0) , e.g., CG transmission 1502, 1504, or 1506, may indicate next CG transmission, e.g., CG transmission 1512, 1514, or 1516 respectively, in the second CG resource set (with MCS1) . In some implementations, the set switching indication may also involve a grace period to allow a reception node to have enough time to detect and get the indication information.
[0152] FIG. 16 illustrates an example procedure for adaptive CG transmissions. The example procedure may include one or more of the following steps.
[0153] At 1610, a UE 1602 receives information of a CG (transmission) , for example, configuration of the CG and / or an indicator (e.g., an activation command) , from a network node, e.g., base station (BS) 1604, where the information of the CG indicates a first set of CG occasions associated with the CG. In some implementations, the information of the CG includes configuration of CG time-frequency resources or resource sets, each with a periodicity, and optionally CBG sizes and / or CBG split rule in CG occasions. In some implementations, the CG configuration can be transmitted in higher layer signaling such as RRC, and the indicator can be transmitted using physical or MAC signaling. In some implementations, the UE 1602 can receive the information of the CG first, for example, at 1610, and then receive the indicator, for example, at 1620.
[0154] At 1620, the UE 1602 can optionally receive from the BS 1604, transmission activation / deactivation on CG transmissions of a CG set or one CG set.
[0155] At 1630, upon (XR) traffic arrival, the UE 1602 transmits, on a first CG occasion of the first set of CG occasions, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the first set of CG occasions or a coded block group (CBG) .
[0156] In some implementations, the transmission parameter can be an indication of traffic and transmission information, including updated values of one or more transmission parameters for subsequent CG occasion (s) or CBG (s) . The indication can be provided, for example, via UCI or MAC-CE. In some implementations, the transmission parameter can be applied to the second CG occasion, or multiple subsequent CG occasions, whether apply to multiple subsequent CG occasions or just the second CG occasion, and the time length or a number of the multiple subsequent CG occasions can be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., information) , or by the transmission parameter itself, or defined by a specification protocol, or a combination thereof. In one example, an indicator can be transmitted with the transmission parameter, e.g., in the MAC header or sub-header discussed previously. The indicator can be set to a first value to indicate that the transmission parameter only applies to the second CG occasion and the originally configured CG transmission parameters will be used for subsequent CG occasions. The indicator can also be set to a second value to indicated that the transmission parameter applies to subsequent CG occasions, until another transmission parameter is received. Alternatively or in combination, the indicator indicating whether to apply the transmission parameters to multiple subsequent CG occasions or just the second CG occasion can be set by using higher layer signaling.
[0157] In some implementations, the CBG can be from any one of the multiple CG occasions.
[0158] In some implementations, the transmission parameter can include at least one of a MCS indicator, a repetition number indicator, a duration indicator, a traffic type indicator, a QoS indicator, a group identity, or an importance level. For example, the MCS indicator may indicate new MCS or an MCS update for transmission (s) of following one or more CG occasions or CBGs; the repetition number indicator may indicate a number of redundant transmissions of CG occasions or CBGs applied; the duration indicator may indicate a duration of applying the transmission parameter, indicate a period during which to start applying the transmission parameter, or indicate a duration that includes a number of CG occasions or CBGs that may apply the transmission parameter; the traffic type indicator may indicate a traffic type associated with one application such as eMBB or URLLC; the QoS indicator may indicate one or more QoS requirements of the traffic such as required data rate, latency, and / or packet error rate, etc.; the group identity may identify a group number or index that the traffic belongs to; the importance level may indicate how important the traffic is, for example, using pre-defined or configured importance levels with one or more bits for an indication of the importance levels. Moreover or alternatively, the transmission parameter that is carried on a CG occasion may be used to indicate information on the CG occasion (i.e., CG occasion itself) , where the information may include one or more of parameters in the transmission parameter.
[0159] In some implementations, the transmission parameter can indicate a CG occasion of a second set of CG occasions. The CG occasion of the second set of CG occasions can be a second CG, for example, with a different MCS.
[0160] In some implementations, after transmitting on the CG occasion of the second set of CG occasions, the UE 1602 can continue to transmit on another CG occasion of the second set of CG occasions.
[0161] In some implementations, the transmission parameter can indicate a duration of continuation of transmitting on the second set of CG occasions.
[0162] In some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion of the first set of CG occasions includes an indicator representing at least one of a value change between a transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the CG, or a value change between the transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the first CG occasion. FIG. 9 illustrates examples of the value changes.
[0163] In some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion is transmitted by using a media access control (MAC) header of the first CG occasion. For example, sub-header 1 1302 in FIG. 13 may have a number of sub-headers. In some implementations, part or all of the transmission parameter can be included in the data 1308 in FIG. 13.
[0164] In some implementations, a transmission parameter for a third CG occasion of the first set of CG occasions is transmitted on the first CG occasion. In some cases, the first CG occasion can include multiple CG occasions.
[0165] In some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG can be transmitted in a first CBG, and both the first CBG and the second CBG can be transmitted in the same transport block on the first CG occasion. In some cases, the second CBG can also be transmitted in a different transport block on the first CG occasion or in a transport block on a CG occasion different from the first CG occasion.
[0166] In some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG can include at least one of a size indicator, a resource allocation indicator, or a CBG boundary indicator of the second CBG.
[0167] In some implementations, the transmission parameter for the second CBG can be transmitted by using a media access control (MAC) header in the first CBG, for example, by using sub-header 1 1302 in FIG. 13. In some cases, part or all of the transmission parameter of the second CBG an also be included in the data 1308 in FIG. 13.
[0168] In some implementations, the UE 1602 can transmit a second transmission parameter that indicates a reset of a transmission configuration of the CG. For example, the reset of transmission configuration of the CG may mean to use pre-defined or default configuration parameters for transmission of the CG.
[0169] At 1640, the UE 1602 receives HARQ feedback for CG transmissions, where feedback information may be carried by DCI, and feedback for one or more CG transmissions can be done together as a group feedback. In some implementations, XR traffic may be transmitted by CG transmissions, grant-based transmissions or a combination thereof.
[0170] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0171] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example implementation, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example implementation for its intended application.
[0172] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0173] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among multiple matching possibilities.
[0174] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0175] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of multiple items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in implementations of this application are used to distinguish between multiple objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the multiple objects.
[0176] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0177] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0178] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0179] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:receiving information of a configured grant (CG) , wherein the information of the CG indicates a plurality of CG occasions associated with the CG; andtransmitting, on a first CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions or a second coded block group (CBG) .2.The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission parameter comprises at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) indicator, a repetition number indicator, a duration indicator, a traffic type indicator, or a quality of service (QoS) indicator.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the transmission parameter indicates a CG occasion of a second plurality of CG occasions.4.The method of claim 3, further comprising: after transmitting on the CG occasion of the second plurality of CG occasions, continuing to transmit on another CG occasion of the second plurality of CG occasions.5.The method of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the transmission parameter indicates a duration of continuation of transmitting on the second plurality of CG occasions.6.The method of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion comprises an indicator representing at least one of a value change between a transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the CG, or a value change between the transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the first CG occasion.7.The method of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion is transmitted by using a media access control (MAC) header of the first CG occasion.8.The method of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein a transmission parameter for a third CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions is transmitted on the first CG occasion.9.The method of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CBG is transmitted in a first CBG, and wherein both the first CBG and the second CBG are transmitted in a same transport block on the first CG occasion.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CBG comprises at least one of a size indicator, a resource allocation indicator, or a CBG boundary indicator of the second CBG.11.The method of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CBG is transmitted by using a media access control (MAC) header in the first CBG.12.The method of any of claims 1 to 11, further comprising: receiving a second transmission parameter that indicates a reset of a transmission configuration of the CG.13.A method, comprising:transmitting information of a configured grant (CG) to a terminal, wherein the information of the CG indicates a plurality of CG occasions associated with the CG; andreceiving, on a first CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions and from the terminal, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions or a second coded block group (CBG) .14.The method of claim 13, wherein the transmission parameter comprises at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) indicator, a repetition number indicator, a duration indicator, a traffic type indicator, or a quality of service (QoS) indicator.15.The method of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the transmission parameter indicates a CG occasion of a second plurality of CG occasions.16.The method of claim 15, further comprising: after receiving transmission on the CG occasion of the second plurality of CG occasions, continuing to receive transmission on another CG occasion of the second plurality of CG occasions.17.The method of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the transmission parameter indicates a duration of continuation of receiving transmission on the second plurality of CG occasions.18.The method of any of claims 13 to 17, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion comprises an indicator representing at least one of a value change between a transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the CG, or a value change between the transmission configuration of the second CG occasion and a transmission configuration of the first CG occasion.19.The method of any of claims 13 to 18, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CG occasion is received by using a media access control (MAC) header of the first CG occasion.20.The method of any of claims 13 to 19, wherein a transmission parameter for a third CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions is received on the first CG occasion.21.The method of any of claims 13 to 20, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CBG is received in a first CBG, and wherein both the first CBG and the second CBG are received in a same transport block on the first CG occasion.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CBG comprises at least one of a size indicator, a resource allocation indicator, or a CBG boundary indicator of the second CBG.23.The method of claim 21 or claim 22, wherein the transmission parameter for the second CBG is received by using a media access control (MAC) header in the first CBG.24.The method of any of claims 13 to 23, further comprising: transmitting a second transmission parameter that indicates a reset of a transmission configuration of the CG.25.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 24.26.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:a receiving unit, configured to receive information of a configured grant (CG) , wherein the information of the CG indicates a plurality of CG occasions associated with the CG; anda transmitting unit, configured to transmit, on a first CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions or a second coded block group (CBG) .27.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:a transmitting unit, configured to transmit information of a configured grant (CG) to a terminal, wherein the information of the CG indicates a plurality of CG occasions associated with the CG; anda receiving unit, configured to receive, on a first CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions and from the terminal, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions or a second coded block group (CBG) .28.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:an interface circuit, configured to:receive information of a configured grant (CG) , wherein the information of the CG indicates a plurality of CG occasions associated with the CG; andtransmit, on a first CG occasion of the plurality of the CG occasions, a transmission parameter for one or more of:a second CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions or a second coded block group (CBG) .29.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:an interface circuit, configured to:transmit information of a configured grant (CG) to a terminal, wherein the information of the CG indicates a plurality of CG occasions associated with the CG; andreceive, on a first CG occasion of the plurality of the CG occasions and from the terminal, a transmission parameter for one or more of: a second CG occasion of the plurality of CG occasions or a second coded block group (CBG) .30.The communication apparatus of claim 28 or 29, the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.31.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 24.32.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 13 to 24.33.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 24.34.A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 24.
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