Method performed by terminal or network in wireless communication system, and device therefor

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can receive, from a serving cell, configuration information for neighbor cell measurement, measure at least one first resource of a neighbor cell on the basis of the configuration information, and transmit, to the serving cell, a neighbor cell measurement report including the measurement result for the at least one first resource, wherein the terminal can determine, on the basis of the measurement result for the at least one first resource, whether to measure at least one second resource of the neighbor cell.

Description

A method performed by a terminal or network in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for the same

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for performing wireless communication between terminals or networks in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The 5G mobile communication system is a successor technology to LTE (Long Term Evolution) and is a new clean-slate type of mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. In the case of 5G NR, all available spectrum resources can be utilized, ranging from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz to intermediate frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. Based on the underlying technology of 5G mobile communication, 6G mobile communication systems are being developed.

[0003] In wireless communication, beamforming is a technology that improves transmission efficiency and gain by forming a beam that focuses transmitted and received signals in a specific direction. In 5G NR, hybrid beamforming combining analog and digital is supported, and measurement and reporting procedures for beam management are defined.

[0004] Meanwhile, beamforming in such existing wireless communication systems was designed and defined for application in the far-field region. However, in next-generation wireless communication systems including 6G, beamforming for the near-field region needs to be additionally considered to introduce XL-MIMO and utilize high-frequency bands.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a method for efficiently performing a wireless signal transmission and reception process and an apparatus for doing so. As an example, a method for more efficiently performing measurement and reporting to neighboring cells / base stations may be provided. For example, a method for classifying the types of measurement resources of neighboring cells and measuring / reporting them in stages, and a method for linking these resources, may be provided.

[0006] In addition to the technical challenges described above, other technical challenges can be inferred from the description below.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by a terminal comprises receiving setting information for a neighbor cell measurement from a serving cell; performing a measurement of at least one first resource of a neighbor cell based on the setting information; and transmitting a neighbor cell measurement report including a measurement result for the at least one first resource to the serving cell, wherein the terminal may determine whether to perform a measurement of at least one second resource of the neighbor cell based on the measurement result for the at least one first resource.

[0008] The terminal can determine whether the terminal is located in a specific area of ​​the neighboring cell based on the measurement result of the at least one first resource, and can perform a measurement of the at least one second resource based on the determination that the terminal is located in a specific area of ​​the neighboring cell.

[0009] The above setting information may include at least one of (i) information about the at least one first resource, (ii) information about the at least one second resource, or (iii) information about a determination criterion for whether it is located in the specific area.

[0010] The above specific region may be a region related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0011] The above at least one first resource may be a resource related to the far-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0012] The above at least one second resource may be a resource related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0013] The above at least one first resource and the above at least one second resource can be linked to each other.

[0014] The terminal can select k1 first resources with the highest measurement value among the at least one first resource and perform measurements on second resources linked to the selected k1 first resources.

[0015] For each first resource, k2 second resources are linked, and the terminal can perform measurements on k1*k2 second resources linked to the selected k1 first resources.

[0016] The above terminal can perform a measurement of at least one first resource of the neighboring cell based on the fact that the terminal is not located in a specific area of ​​the serving cell.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transient storage medium may be provided that stores instructions that cause the terminal to perform the method described above when executed by at least one processor of the terminal.

[0018] A device according to another aspect of the present disclosure comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform operations, wherein the operations include receiving configuration information for a neighbor cell measurement from a serving cell; performing a measurement of at least one first resource of the neighbor cell based on the configuration information; and transmitting a neighbor cell measurement report to the serving cell including a measurement result of the at least one first resource, and the device may determine whether to perform a measurement of at least one second resource of the neighbor cell based on the measurement result of the at least one first resource.

[0019] The above device further includes at least one transceiver, and the device may be a terminal.

[0020] The above device may be a processing device configured to control a terminal.

[0021] A method performed by a base station according to another aspect of the present disclosure comprises: transmitting configuration information for a neighbor cell measurement through a serving cell of a terminal; and receiving a neighbor cell measurement report from the terminal through the serving cell, the neighbor cell measurement report including a measurement result for at least one first resource based on the configuration information, and the base station may determine whether to receive a measurement report for at least one second resource of the neighbor cell based on the measurement result for at least one first resource.

[0022] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a base station comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one base station to perform operations, wherein the operations include transmitting configuration information for a neighbor cell measurement through a serving cell of a terminal; and receiving a neighbor cell measurement report from the terminal through the serving cell, the neighbor cell measurement report including a measurement result for the at least one first resource based on the configuration information, and the base station may determine whether to receive a measurement report for at least one second resource of the neighbor cell based on the measurement result for the at least one first resource.

[0023] According to the present disclosure, signal transmission and reception can be performed efficiently in a wireless communication system. According to one embodiment, by distinguishing the types of measurement resources of neighboring cells and performing measurement / reporting in stages, the overhead for measurement / reporting of the terminal can be mitigated, and beam management and mobility management suitable for the terminal can be performed according to the measurement results.

[0024] In addition to the technical effects described above, other technical effects can be inferred from the description below.

[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some of the examples of the present specification may be applied.

[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0030] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0031] FIG. 7 shows an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies.

[0033] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 10 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 11 illustrates a time / frequency resource for a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0036] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0037] Figure 13 illustrates an example of an LTM procedure.

[0038] FIGS. 14 to 17 illustrate various examples of the configuration of measurement resources of a target base station and the measurement report of a terminal based thereon.

[0039] FIG. 18 illustrates the flow of a method performed by a terminal according to one embodiment.

[0040] FIG. 19 illustrates the flow of a method performed by at least one base station according to one embodiment.

[0041] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0042] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in this specification may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0043] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0044] Additionally, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0045] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." For example, "control information" may include DEF as another example. In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "ABC," and "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." Also, when indicated as "control information (i.e., ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0046] In addition, terms such as "first," "second," etc. in this specification are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another and are not used to limit the components, nor are they used to limit the order or importance of the components unless specifically limited. Accordingly, a first component in one embodiment of this specification may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and likewise, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0047] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0048] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0049] In this specification, a terminal is a user-side device (user equipment, UE) or a consumer-side device, and may also be referred to as a first node that receives / transmits signals from / to a base station / second node / IAB node / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A terminal may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A terminal may correspond to a user-side endpoint or an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a terminal may correspond to a served node. A terminal may be a fixed-location node or a non-fixed-location (or mobile) node.

[0050] In this specification, a Base Station (BS) is a device on the network side and may also be referred to as a second node / IAB node / x-NodeB (x-NodeB, where x may be an abbreviation related to Radio Access Technology (RAT)) / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A Base Station may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A Base Station may correspond to an endpoint on the network side or an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a Base Station may correspond to a serving node. A Base Station may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an indefinite location.

[0051] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the terminal may transmit parameters such as capability to the base station as higher layer parameters. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via RRC (radio resource control) signaling or MAC (medium access control) signaling.

[0052] In this specification, information / state / parameters being "configured" or "pre-configured" may be interpreted as the information / state / parameters being provided / pre-provided to the terminal through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from the base station. In this specification, information / state / parameters being "defined" or "pre-defined" may be interpreted as being known or stored in advance by the base station and the terminal without signaling between the base station and the terminal.

[0053] The technology described in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0054] The technology described in this specification can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0055] <Symbols, Abbreviations, Terms>

[0056] - 5GC: 5G Core Network

[0057] - 5GS: 5G System

[0058] - AoA: Angle of Arrival

[0059] - AP: Access Point

[0060] - CID: Cell ID

[0061] - E-CID: Enhanced Cell ID

[0062] - GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System

[0063] - GPS: Global Positioning System

[0064] - IE: Information Element

[0065] - LCS: LoCation Service

[0066] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0067] - LPP: LTE Positioning Protocol

[0068] - MO-LR: Mobile Originated Location Request

[0069] - MT-LR: Mobile Terminated Location Request

[0070] - NRPPa: NR Positioning Protocol A

[0071] - OTDOA: Observed Time Difference Of Arrival

[0072] - PDU: Protocol Data Unit

[0073] - PRS: Positioning Reference Signal

[0074] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0075] - RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0076] - RSTD: Reference Signal Time Difference

[0077] - ToA: Time of Arrival

[0078] - TP: Transmission Point

[0079] - TRP: Transmission and Reception Point

[0080] - UE: User Equipment

[0081] - SCS: Sub-Carrier Spacing

[0082] - SS: Search Space

[0083] - CSS: Common Search Space

[0084] - USS: UE-specific Search Space

[0085] - PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0086] - PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel;

[0087] - PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel;

[0088] - PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel;

[0089] - DCI: Downlink Control Information

[0090] - UCI: Uplink Control Information

[0091] - SI: System Information

[0092] - SIB: System Information Block

[0093] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0094] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0095] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0096] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0097] - CSI: Channel state information

[0098] - PCell: Primary Cell

[0099] - SCell: Secondary Cell

[0100] - PSCell: Primary SCG (Secondary Cell Group) Cell

[0101] - CA: Carrier Aggregation

[0102] - WUS: Wake up Signal

[0103] - TX: Transmitter

[0104] - RX: Receiver

[0105] - RE: Resource Element

[0106] - RB: Resource Block

[0107] - RSTD: Reference Signal Time Difference

[0108] - RS: Reference Signal

[0109] - PRS: Positioning Reference Signal

[0110] - SRS: Sounding Reference Signal

[0111] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some of the examples of the present specification may be applied.

[0112] To compensate for incomplete areas of network coverage, a network topology in which the Split Radio Access Network (RAN) is configured more flexibly and resiliently may be considered. To this end, various nodes such as IAB nodes, relays, and RF repeaters, as exemplified in Fig. 1, may be applied, and NTN may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that performs simple signal amplification and forwarding functions, and in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it may adjust transmit / receive settings based on information provided by the network as well as signal amplification and forwarding. For example, an NTN node may correspond to a satellite or aircraft that provides NTN coverage that is difficult for a terrestrial network to provide. In addition to these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve network topology.

[0113] Referring to FIG. 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into one centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DU). The CU and DU may correspond to logical units. The CU may be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DU, various intermediate points may be introduced to compensate for this.

[0114] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station depending on its relative relationship with other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a DU. The MT can connect the IAB node to a donor node. The DU of the IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to terminals. In other words, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relative relationship with user-side nodes and to a terminal in its relative relationship with network-side nodes.

[0115] In some examples of this specification, the description of a terminal may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in relation to a network-side endpoint as well as to a user-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of this specification, the description of a base station may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in relation to a user-side endpoint as well as to a network-side endpoint. However, in most cases where there is no additional description of the operation of three or more entities, the communication entities in this specification are briefly described by the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node), wherein the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) is interpreted to include or replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0116] That is, for the sake of brevity of description in some examples of this specification, the subject of the operation may be referred to as a base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node). Additionally, the term base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node) may be interpreted or substituted as in the following examples: for example, the base station (or the first node) and the terminal (or the second node) may correspond to a first endpoint and a second endpoint, respectively; may correspond to an endpoint and an intermediate point, respectively; may correspond to an intermediate point and an endpoint, respectively; or may correspond to a first intermediate point and a second intermediate point, respectively.

[0117] In this specification, there may be no intermediate points between the base station and the terminal, or there may be one or more. If intermediate points exist, the intermediate points may correspond to IAB nodes, relays, RF repeaters, NTN (non-terrestrial network) nodes, or nodes supporting other functions. The intermediate points may be nodes with a fixed location or nodes with an indefinite location.

[0118] FIG. 2 illustrates a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0119] The communication system (100) of FIG. 2 includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or a second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may operate as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0120] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) through a network device (120). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) through the network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) may communicate with each other through the network device (120) / network (130), but may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Also, an IoT device (110f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices (110a to 110f).

[0121] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120) and between network devices (120). Here, wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and network devices / wireless devices, and network devices and network devices can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), a resource allocation process, etc.

[0122] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0123] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0124] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operations disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0125] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., functional layers such as PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource control), and SDAP (service data adaptation protocol). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one PDU (Protocol Data Unit) and / or at least one SDU (service data unit) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document.

[0126] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. At least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be included in at least one processor (202) or stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0127] At least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. At least one memory (204) may be composed of ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random access memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. At least one memory (204) may be located inside and / or outside of at least one processor (202). Additionally, at least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0128] At least one transceiver (206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Additionally, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document through at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., using at least one processor (202). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using at least one processor (202).To this end, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0129] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by other terms in terms of their function. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as the control unit, the transceiver (206) as the communication unit, and the memory (204) as the storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a part of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0130] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least part of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be at least part of the various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., robot (110a), vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), XR device (110c), portable device (110d), home appliance (110e), IoT device (110f), AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, the device may include other components in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0131] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., audio input / output port, video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user.

[0132] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), or ship. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a drive unit comprising at least one of an engine, motor, power train, wheel, brake, and steering device of the device; a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc.; a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting; and a position measurement unit that acquires position information of the moving body through a GPS (global positioning system) and various sensors.

[0133] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a HUD (head-up display) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that acquires control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs a generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses state information, environment information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0134] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a drive unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving robot joints.

[0135] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, projector, smartphone, PC, laptop, digital broadcasting terminal, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB), radio, washing machine, refrigerator, digital signage, robot, vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that learns a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data.

[0136] The structure of the wireless device exemplified in FIG. 3 may be understood as part of a terminal (or first node), or part of an intermediate point, or part of a base station (or second node). If the device exemplified in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communication. However, if the front haul and / or back haul communication is based on wireless communication, at least one transceiver (206) exemplified in FIG. 3 is used for front haul and / or back haul communication, and the wired transceiver may not be included.

[0137] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0138] The second node of FIG. 4 supports dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) and can provide connectivity to both nodes where 6G technology is implemented and nodes where pre-6G wireless communication technology (e.g., 5G, 4G) is implemented. That is, the first node of FIG. 4 may have 6G technology implemented or pre-6G wireless communication technology (e.g., 5G, 4G) implemented. Additionally, the first node and / or the second node may support full duplex mode as well as non-overlapping full duplex mode.

[0139] In FIG. 4, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the first node and the second node are assumed to be a terminal and a base station, respectively, and the operation of the terminal (110) and the base station (120) transmitting and / or receiving data, and the operation performed prior to this, are illustrated. However, the operation of FIG. 4 is not limited to the operation between the terminal and the base station, but can be interpreted as the operation between the first node and the second node. Additionally, FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of direct transmission and reception of wireless signals between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), but there may be one or more intermediate points between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), and wireless signals may be transmitted and received via one or more intermediate points.

[0140] Referring to FIG. 4, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform synchronization (401). For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect a synchronization signal for at least one base station connection transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to structure or use (e.g., a first synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal), a second synchronization signal (e.g., a secondary synchronization signal), etc.). Through this, the terminal (110) can identify the boundary of the unit (e.g., frame, subframe, slot and / or symbol) constituting the wireless signal transmission of the base station (120) and obtain information about the base station (120) (e.g., cell identifier).

[0141] The terminal (110) can obtain system information transmitted from the base station (120) (403). The system information is information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to connect to the base station (120) and use the service, and can be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc., and can be classified, for example, into first system information (e.g., MIB (master information block), primary system information), second system information (e.g., SIB (system information block), secondary system information), etc. If necessary, the terminal (110) may transmit a signal requesting system information prior to receiving the system information. However, the request and provision of system information may be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0142] A terminal (110) and a base station (120) can perform a random access procedure (405). The terminal (110) can transmit and / or receive at least one message for a random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, RAR (random access response) message, etc.) based on information related to the channel for the random access procedure of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) can transmit a first message (e.g., preamble, MSG1) through the channel for the random access procedure, receive a second message (e.g., RAR message, MSG2), transmit a third message (e.g., MSG3) containing information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) to the base station (120) using scheduling information included in the second message, and receive a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. As another example, the first message and the third message can be transmitted and received as a single message, or the second message and the fourth message can be transmitted and received as a single message.

[0143] The terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform signaling of control information (407). Here, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and signaling to indicate allocated resources.

[0144] The terminal (110) and the base station (120) can transmit and / or receive data (409). In other words, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process data based on the signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive data. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0145] 6G System Core Technology

[0146] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity.

[0147] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, FSO backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0148] artificial intelligence

[0149] The introduction of AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0150] The following describes a functional framework for AI / ML operations.

[0151] Below, to provide a more specific explanation of AI (or AI / ML), terms may be defined as follows.

[0152] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, serving as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0153] - AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0154] - AI / ML Training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent data and acquire an AI / ML model trained for inference.

[0155] - AI / ML Inference: A process of making predictions or deriving decisions based on collected data and AI models using trained AI models.

[0156] Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures for AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updating, etc.) can be classified into functionality-based LCM and model-based LCM. In functionality-based LCM, AI / ML models may not be identifiable within the network, and the network can direct the activation, deactivation, fallback, or switching of AI / ML functionality. In model-ID (identifier)-based LCM, AI / ML models can be identified within the network, and the network or terminal can activate, deactivate, select, or switch AI / ML models via the model ID.

[0157] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0158] In particular, Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture related to both Functionality-based LCM and Model-based LCM. Some functions or some data / information / command flows (i.e., arrows) illustrated in Figure 5 may be omitted.

[0159] Referring to FIG. 5, a general functional framework may be configured to include a data collection function (10), a model training function (20), a management function (30), an inference function (40), and a model storage function (50).

[0160] The Data Collection function (10) is a function that provides input data to the Model Training function (20), Management function (30), and Inference function (40). The Data Collection function (10) performs data preparation based on raw data and can provide input data processed through data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received data / measurement data from terminals or other network entities, inference / output of AI / ML models, etc. The Data Collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., terminal, network node, etc.) but may also be performed by multiple entities.

[0161] Here, training data (11) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML model training function (20). monitoring data (12) refers to data required as input for the management (30) of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. inference data (13) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML inference function (30).

[0162] The Model Training function (20) is a function that performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics that can be used as part of the AI / ML model testing procedure. If necessary, the Model Training function (20) can perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming and transformation) based on the Training Data (11) delivered from the Data Collection function (10).

[0163] Trained / Updated Model (21): If there is a Model Storage function (50), it is used to transfer trained, validated, and tested AI / ML models to the Model Storage function (50) or to transfer updated versions of the models to the Model Storage function (50).

[0164] The Management function (30) is a function that supervises the operation of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML function. Additionally, the Management function (30) may make decisions to ensure appropriate inference operations based on data received from the Data Collection function (10) (i.e., Monitoring Data (12)) and / or data received from the Inference function (40) (i.e., Inference Output (41)).

[0165] Management Instruction (32) is information required as input to manage the Inference function (40). The relevant information may include the selection / (de)activation / switching of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML-based function, and may also include a fallback to a non-AI / ML operation (i.e., not relying on the inference process).

[0166] A Model Transfer / Delivery Request (33) can be used to request model(s) from Model Storage (50).

[0167] Performance Feedback / Retraining Request (31) refers to information required as input to Model Training function (20) (e.g., for the purpose of retraining or updating the model).

[0168] The inference function (40) is a function that provides output from the process of applying an AI / ML model or AI / ML function using data (i.e., inference data (13)) provided by the data collection (10) as input. Data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting and transformation) may also be performed based on the inference data (13) delivered by the data collection (10). If necessary, the inference function (40) may also perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming and transformation) based on the inference data (13) provided by the data collection function (10).

[0169] Inference Output (41) is data used in the Management function (30) to monitor the performance of an AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference Output (41) may include the inference output of an AI / ML model generated by the Inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0170] The Model Storage function (50) is a function that stores a trained / updated model that can be used to perform the Inference function (40). The Model Storage function (50) exemplified in FIG. 5 can be used as a reference point (if any) applicable to protocol termination, model transmission / delivery, and related processes. Additionally, the Model Storage function (50) is an example and is not intended to restrict the storage location of the actual AI / ML model, and may be omitted.

[0171] Model Transfer / Delivery (51) is used to transfer an AI / ML model to an inference function.

[0172] Cooperation levels can be defined as follows based on the capability of AI / ML functions among multiple nodes, and variations resulting from the combination of multiple levels or the separation of any one level are also possible.

[0173] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: AI / ML algorithms are based on pure implementation and do not require changes to the wireless interface.

[0174] Cat 0b) This level corresponds to a framework that involves a wireless interface modified to fit efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms but without cooperation.

[0175] Cat 1) Inter-node support is involved to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a specific node receives support from other nodes (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0176] Cat 2) Collaborative AI / ML tasks can be performed among multiple nodes. This level requires the exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0177] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an overall functional framework for an AI / ML model, and all functions and / or all data / information / command signals illustrated in FIG. 5 may not be performed within a specific node, and only some may be performed.

[0178] AI / ML models can be classified into one-side models and two-side models depending on whether training and / or inference are performed on a single node or jointly / sequentially on multiple nodes.

[0179] A one-side model can refer to an AI / ML model where inference is performed entirely by a single node (e.g., a terminal or a network). Here, the training of the AI / ML model can also be performed entirely by a single node. The training and inference of the AI / ML model may be performed by the same node, or they may be performed by different nodes.

[0180] A two-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which joint inference is performed across multiple nodes (e.g., terminals and networks). Joint inference means that inference is performed collaboratively across multiple nodes; for example, the first part of the inference may be performed by the first node, and the remainder by the second node. Two-side models can be classified into various types as follows, depending on the training method of the AI / ML model.

[0181] - First type: An AI / ML model can be trained on a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes / entities.

[0182] - Second type: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes / entities (e.g., networks and terminals). Joint training can mean that model generation (e.g., CSI generation) and model reconstruction (CSI compression by sub-use cases) are trained in the same loop for forward activation and backward gradient. In this type, joint training can include both simultaneous training (i.e., model generation training and model reconstruction training are performed simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., model reconstruction training is performed after model generation training).

[0183] - Third Type: Separate training of AI / ML models can be performed at multiple nodes (e.g., networks and terminals). Separate training may mean that training starts sequentially at one node and continues at another node. In this case, if the first node performs the AI / ML model first and shares the training data with the second node, the second node can perform the AI / ML model using the shared training data. For example, training for the CSI generation part may be performed by the terminal, while CSI reconstruction may be performed by the network.

[0184] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0185] The operations described below may be explained / interpreted based on an AI / ML model as shown in FIG. 6 below, even without separate mention (i.e., without explicit mention of being by / based on / for an AI / ML model). Furthermore, unless specifically limited, the AI / ML model may correspond to a one-side model in which inference is performed entirely by a single node or a two-side model in which joint inference is performed by multiple nodes.

[0186] First signaling (601): In the following description, the signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling of the first signaling (601) used to perform an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if not otherwise mentioned. For example, it may correspond to training data for training (i.e., creation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model of FIG. 5, or to inference data used for inference of the AI / ML model, or to feedback for the AI / ML model. If, in this specification, signaling between nodes is not required prior to an operation based on an AI / ML model, the first signaling (601) may be omitted. In this specification, if a one-side model is used, the unidirectional / bidirectional signaling (set) in this specification may correspond to the signaling of the first signaling (601). Additionally, when a two-side model is used in the present specification, unidirectional / bidirectional signaling in the present specification may correspond to the first signaling (601), and repetitive signaling operation may also correspond to the first signaling (601).

[0187] For example, in AI / ML model-based beam management, when a base station predicts (i.e., infers) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model, the base station can receive quality / intensity information for multiple beams from the terminal. Additionally, when a terminal predicts (i.e., infers) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model, the terminal can receive multiple beams from the base station.

[0188] AI / ML model-based operation (602): In the following description, an operation (e.g., computation, selection, prediction, etc.) at a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) or a common operation (e.g., computation, selection, prediction, etc.) at multiple nodes (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602) based on one or more functions in the functional framework of the AI / ML model, even without separate mention. For example, it may correspond to the training (i.e., creation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model of FIG. 5 or to the inference of the AI / ML model. When a one-side model is used, an operation performed by a single node in this specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602), and when a two-side model is used, a common operation performed by multiple nodes in this specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602).

[0189] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, a base station can predict (i.e., infer) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model by using quality / intensity information for multiple beams received from a terminal as inference data. Additionally, a terminal can measure multiple beams received from a base station and predict (i.e., infer) high-quality beam(s) based on an AI / ML model by using the measurement results as inference data.

[0190] Second signaling (603): In the following description, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or a set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as the second signaling (603) or a set of signaling generated as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model, even without separate mention. For example, it may correspond to the output resulting from the inference of the AI / ML model of FIG. 5. If signaling between nodes is not required as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model in this specification, the second signaling (603) may be omitted. If a one-side model is used in this specification, the unidirectional / bidirectional signaling (set) in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603). Additionally, when a two-side model is used in this specification, unidirectional / bidirectional signaling in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603), and repetitive signaling operation may also correspond to the second signaling (603).

[0191] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, the base station may transmit beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model as candidates to the terminal so that the terminal can determine the optimal beam. Additionally, the terminal may report the beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model to the base station to request the base station to transmit candidate beams as candidates for determining the optimal beam.

[0192] THz communication

[0193] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the broadband, it lies at the boundary of the broadband and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0194] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that can overcome range limitations.

[0195] Transmitting system information (i.e., information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the BS required to use the service, etc.) (e.g., MIB, SIB, etc.) in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because, in the case of high frequency bands, beam sweeping must be performed more frequently to cover the entire area of ​​the cell as the beam width becomes narrow. In particular, transmitting system information in this manner is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission procedure as shown in FIG. 8 below may be used.

[0196] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies. Although this example is written with THz conditions in mind, it is also applicable to 6G communication environments where THz is not applied. Furthermore, the procedure exemplified in FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below may be performed based on the system information obtained by the procedure exemplified in FIG. 8.

[0197] Referring to FIG. 8, the base station can transmit system information of cell #1 through cell #2 (801). That is, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses the THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the higher layer and the physical layer, respectively. For example, at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the higher layer may include at least one of SFN, control information setting for SIB1 (e.g., PDCCH configuration for SIB1, etc.), information related to cell selection / entry (e.g., cell barring, cell re-selection, etc.), and subcarrier spacing, and at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated at the physical layer may include at least one of SFN, half frame indicator, and SSB index. However, this is merely an example, and system information may include information, status, parameters, and settings related to Cell #1 / Cell #2 generated at various types of physical layers / upper layers. To this end, as an example, Cell #1 and Cell #2 may have a secondary cell and primary cell relationship.

[0198] The UE can obtain synchronization for cell #1 (803). Synchronization can be obtained by detecting a synchronization signal. Generally, synchronization is obtained prior to receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received in cell #2, synchronization for cell #1 can be obtained after receiving system information. For example, the UE can obtain synchronization based on system information. However, unlike FIG. 8, synchronization may be obtained before step 801 according to other examples.

[0199] The UE can transmit a signal to connect to Cell #1 (805). For example, the signal may include information for connecting to Cell #1 (e.g., a random access preamble). The structure of the signal and the resources for transmitting the signal (e.g., a channel) can be identified through system information. Subsequently, the UE and the base station can perform a connection procedure to Cell #1 and perform communication (807). In this process, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0200] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 8 may be performed when the UE (801) first connects to cell #1 of the base station. Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the UE (801) handovers to cell #1 of the base station. However, in the case of a handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a different base station rather than cell #2 of the base station.

[0201] Communication in the THz band is expected to experience severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations must use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control along with beamforming, and the number of beams used becomes very large. Therefore, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and the terminal. In addition, if the beam alignment between the base station and the terminal is misaligned due to the movement of the terminal, time is frequently required to realign the beams, which may result in an unstable link. Accordingly, a beam management procedure as shown in Fig. 9 below may be used.

[0202] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, but is not limited to a THz environment and is applicable to a 6G communication environment. Additionally, the procedure exemplified in FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. Here, a beam may be interpreted as 'spatial (configuration) information', 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmit filter', 'spatial domain receive filter', or / and a term having an equivalent technical meaning capable of distinguishing a beam (e.g., Reference signal, SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) Index, TRP (transmission reception point), panel, cell, TP (transmission point), base station, control resource-related information (e.g., CORESET (control resource set)-related information, etc.).

[0203] Referring to FIG. 9, the base station can configure resources for beam management (901). Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is spatially separated from existing downlink signals / channels for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a port different from the port for transmitting existing downlink signals / channels (e.g., synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, etc.), data channels (e.g., PDSCH, etc.)). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0204] The base station can transmit measurement signals using multiple transmission beams (903). For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams required for measurement, and may be transmitted using a multi-beam transmission method that forms multiple beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0205] The UE can transmit a feedback signal to the base station (905). The feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE. The UE can select at least one preferred beam based on the received measurement signals. The UE and the base station can perform communication (907). At this time, the UE and the base station can perform communication using the previously selected beam. If channel reciprocity is established, the UE's transmission beam can also be determined through operations 903 and 905, so the UE's transmission can also be performed using the beam selected in operation 905. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including the transmission of the UE's measurement signals and the transmission of the base station's feedback signal may be performed first to determine the UE's transmission beam. In operation 907, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0206] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0207] Wireless sensing is a technology that utilizes radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, and distance (range) of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to objects via devices within a network, they can provide services for determining object locations without the need for devices. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing may utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, that is, the sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0208] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0209] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, referring to FIG. 10(a), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single terminal (i.e., the same terminal). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 10(b), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in different base stations, in different terminals, or in a terminal and a base station, respectively.

[0210] In this regard, based on whether the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are each included in a base station or a terminal, the following six types of sensing modes can be defined.

[0211] - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0212] - Second mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0213] - 3rd Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the terminal (e.g., base station-terminal sensing mode)

[0214] - 4th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the terminal and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., terminal-base station sensing mode)

[0215] - 5th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are contained in a single terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0216] - 6th mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first terminal and the sensing receiver is included in a second terminal different from the first terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0217] In a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, one or more of the six types of sensing modes described above may be utilized independently or in combination.

[0218] In relation to the sensing operation in FIG. 10, the sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may correspond to a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification. The sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. In the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and sensing results may be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). The sensing result thus generated / acquired may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) provided by a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0219] Additionally, the sensing operation in FIG. 10 is described using a representative example of operation in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but it can be extended and applied to cases where terminals / base stations / signals based on previous generations (e.g., 4G, 5G, etc.) networks are utilized.

[0220] Additionally, with respect to the wireless sensing described in this specification, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of this specification, time / frequency resources for sensing operations and time / frequency resources for general communication (e.g., UL / DL / sidelink-based communication, etc.) may be scheduled / configured separately.

[0221] FIG. 11 illustrates a time / frequency resource for a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0222] Referring to FIG. 11, the time / frequency resources (hereinafter, sensing resources) for the aforementioned sensing operation (e.g., sensing operation based on FIG. 10) can be set / assigned separately from the time / frequency resources (hereinafter, communication resources) for general communication.

[0223] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, sensing resources may be configured / assigned in units of symbols in the time domain and / or in units of resource blocks in the frequency domain. Resources other than those configured / assigned to the sensing resources may be utilized as resources for general communication. That is, sensing resources and communication resources may be configured / assigned based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) and / or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) methods in terms of base station / terminal operation. Additionally or alternatively, unlike that illustrated in FIG. 10, sensing resources may be configured / assigned based on other units in the time domain (e.g., slot, frame, absolute time (ms, us), etc.) and / or other units in the frequency domain (e.g., subcarrier, carrier, absolute frequency (MHz, GHz), etc.).

[0224] Additionally or alternatively, in relation to the setup / allocation / scheduling of resources for general communication described herein, it may be necessary to consider the relationship between said resources and the aforementioned sensing resources. For example, when setting / allocating resources for general communication according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, said resources may be set / allocated to rate-match or puncturing resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources. For example, when scheduling resources for general communication according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, said resources may be scheduled so as not to overlap with resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources. If resources for general communication and resource areas corresponding to the sensing resources are set / allocated / scheduled to overlap according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, either one or both operations may be dropped, skipped, or postponed based on priority, predefined rules, etc. That is, in the embodiments of this specification, resources related to general communication (e.g., resources for signals / channels related to UL / DL / Sidelink-based data / control, etc.) may be configured / assigned / scheduled so as not to overlap with the aforementioned sensing resources.

[0225] Additionally, various channel modeling methods may be applied in relation to the wireless sensing described herein. Channel modeling related to sensing may mean constructing a path for transmitting and receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals by considering the object to be sensed and / or the environment to which the object belongs. Since channel modeling may be related to the performance / requirements of sensing in a wireless communication system, it may be an important matter for verifying the validity of the sensing function.

[0226] Channels related to sensing can be classified into channels between an object (e.g., target of interest) and a sensing transmitter / receiver, and channels between the environment to which the object belongs and a sensing transmitter / receiver. In this regard, channel modeling related to sensing can be classified based on the sensing mode (e.g., the six types of modes mentioned above), whether it is an object or an environment, and / or sensing scenarios. For example, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode can be optimized and configured differently. For example, when various sensing scenarios are classified, they can be divided into channel modeling for detection, location, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for motion recognition, and channel modeling for imaging / environment reconstruction scenarios. Additionally, channel modeling related to sensing may be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, modeling for sensing in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of this specification may be based on stochastic geometry channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid with ray tracing channel modeling techniques. Here, the stochastic geometry channel model may be based on various statistical characteristics of the channel state. Furthermore, the hybrid channel model may be based on both ray tracing techniques and stochastic techniques.In the case of a hybrid approach, channels for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be modeled using ray tracing techniques, while channels for the environment can be modeled using probabilistic techniques.

[0227] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0228] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, in the case of a sensing operation in which a terminal participates, the base station may need to verify (1205) the terminal's capability for the sensing operation. In this regard, the terminal may be configured to report capability information to the base station regarding whether it supports the sensing operation. Additionally, or alternatively, if the terminal is defined in advance in the specification as supporting the sensing operation, the procedure may be omitted. Furthermore, in the case of a sensing operation in which only the base station participates, the base station may be configured to report capability information regarding whether it supports the sensing operation to the entity setting / controlling its sensing operation (e.g., a network entity at the upper level / layer of the base station).

[0229] For example, a base station may perform signaling with a terminal to exchange configuration information related to a sensing operation. For example, the base station may set / instruct the terminal information regarding the mode of the sensing operation (e.g., based on the six types of modes mentioned above), the subject of the sensing operation (e.g., a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver), the resource of the sensing operation (e.g., a sensing resource as shown in FIG. 11), the target of utilization of the sensing result (e.g., a type of wireless sensing service based on a 6G network, a trusted third party), and channel modeling for sensing (e.g., a channel between the base station / terminal and an object / environment) (1210). For example, the base station may receive such information from a network entity at the upper level / layer of the base station.

[0230] For example, a base station and / or terminal may perform a sensing operation on information set / instructed (1215). For example, the base station and / or terminal may perform procedures such as transmitting a sensing signal as in FIG. 9 described above, receiving scattered / reflected signals, deriving sensing data, obtaining a sensing result through processing the sensing data, and providing the sensing result, as a role of a sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver. For example, in the operation of the base station / terminal described in this specification, the sensing result provided through the sensing operation may be utilized.

[0231] LTM- Lower-layer (eg, L1 / L2) Triggered Mobility

[0232] 5G communication systems aim to support very high data transfer rates and low transmission latency to support various services. When a terminal moves from the coverage area of ​​one cell to another, a serving cell handover must be performed at some point; prior to 5G NR Release 18, serving cell handovers were performed via L3 measurement. In L3 handovers, handover command messages are relatively large, which can cause signal overhead and latency due to retransmissions required as the UE moves away from the source gNB, potentially leading to the handover being triggered too late. This can result in the wireless link to the source gNB being disconnected before the handover is performed, causing the UE to undergo recovery procedures and leading to prolonged service interruptions. Such handover downtime can cause performance degradation for services requiring low latency, such as Time-Critical Communication (TCC) or Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) (e.g., Extended Reality (XR) applications in the cloud, remote control, or mobility automation).

[0233] In 5G NR Release 18, Lower-layer Triggered Mobility (LTM) was introduced to address the issues associated with L3 handover. The core concept of LTM is to detect mobility at the physical layer (L1) or data link layer (L2) and provide a trigger mechanism that allows for faster handover processing. This enables the minimization of latency and packet loss by rapidly detecting and processing handoffs at lower layers before going through the complex procedures of L3 handover. Consequently, LTM has established itself as a key technology that resolves the problems of existing L3 handover while ensuring high-speed mobility and stability in 5G networks.

[0234] LTM is a procedure that receives an L1 layer (PHY) measurement report from a terminal (UE) and, based on this, allows the terminal's serving cell to be changed according to a cell switch command signaled by the base station via MAC CE. The cell switch command instructs an LTM candidate configuration that the base station has prepared in advance and provided to the terminal via an RRC signal, and the terminal performs a switch to the target configuration in accordance with the command. The LTM procedure can be used to reduce mobility delay.

[0235] When configured by the network, TCI states for one or more cells different from the current serving cell can be pre-activated. For example, the TCI states of LTM candidate cells can be pre-activated before they become serving cells. This allows the terminal to maintain down-synchronization with those cells, enabling faster switching when a cell switch is triggered. When an LTM cell switch is executed, all other activated TCI states are deactivated, except for the TCI state received in the cell switch command.

[0236] Additionally, if configured by the network, the UL TA (Timing Advance) acquisition procedure (Early TA) can be initiated for one or more cells different from the current serving cell. If the cell is N, which is the same as the current serving cells TA Have a value or N TAIf is 0, prior TA acquisition is not required. The network may request the terminal to perform early TA acquisition for specific candidate cells prior to cell switching. This early TA acquisition procedure may be triggered by a PDCCH command or performed via terminal-based TA measurement configured by the RRC. In the former case, the BS or BS-DU to which the candidate cell belongs calculates the TA value and transmits it to the BS or BS-DU to which the serving cell belongs via the BS-CU. The serving cell includes the corresponding TA value within the MAC CE of the LTM cell switch command and transmits it to the terminal. In the latter case, the terminal performs TA measurement independently for candidate cells configured by the RRC, and the timing of such measurement is determined by the terminal implementation. If the terminal receives the cell switch command and a valid TA value is not included, it may perform LTM without a random access procedure (RACH-less) by applying the TA value it measured itself. Additionally, the network may include the TA value within the MAC CE of the cell switch command without the early TA acquisition procedure.

[0237] Depending on whether a valid TA value exists, the terminal performs a RACH-less LTM or a RACH-based LTM cell switch. If the cell switch command includes a valid TA value, the terminal applies that value according to network instructions. If terminal-based TA measurement is configured but the cell switch command does not include a valid TA value, the terminal may apply a valid TA value measured by itself. If a valid TA value exists, the terminal performs a RACH-less LTM cell switch, and otherwise performs a RACH-based LTM cell switch.

[0238] Regardless of whether terminal-based TA measurement is configured for a specific candidate cell, the terminal can still perform random access procedures for candidate cells according to the PDCCH command. This applies equally to candidate cells from which the terminal can derive TA values ​​itself. Additionally, even if the terminal has already performed random access to candidate cells, it must follow the terminal-based measurement configuration configured by the network.

[0239] In the case of RACH-less LTM, the terminal connects to the target cell using a configured grant (CG) or a dynamic grant (DG). The CG is included in the LTM candidate configuration, and the terminal selects a grant opportunity associated with the beam indicated by the cell switch command. When the LTM cell switch to the target cell begins, the terminal starts PDCCH monitoring for dynamic scheduling in the target cell. Until the RACH-less LTM procedure is complete, the terminal must not trigger random access if there are no valid PUCCH resources for the triggered SR.

[0240] LTM supports intra-BS-DU and inter-BS-DU mobility within the same BS-CU. It also supports both intra-frequency and inter-frequency mobility, including mobility to frequencies other than the current serving cell. LTM is supported only for licensed spectrum. The following scenarios are supported:

[0241] - PCell changes in non-CA and non-DC scenarios

[0242] - Changes to PCell and SCell in the CA scenario

[0243] - Dual connectivity scenario: PCell and MCG SCell change, PSCell and SCG SCell change within SN (no MN involvement). However, simultaneous change of PCell and PSCell is not supported in LTM.

[0244] While the terminal stores LTM candidate configurations, it can perform all L3 handovers except DAPS handovers. In L3 handover-related RRC messages applied by the terminal, the target cell may add, modify, or remove LTM candidate configurations.

[0245] The cell switch command is transmitted through a MAC control element (MAC CE) containing the information necessary to perform an LTM cell switch.

[0246] Subsequently, LTM is performed by repeating the steps of initial synchronization, LTM cell switch execution, and LTM cell switch completion, without releasing other stored LTM candidate configurations even after each LTM cell switch is completed. General procedures on the wireless interface are also applicable to SCG LTM.

[0247] Figure 13 illustrates an example of an LTM procedure.

[0248] Referring to FIG. 13, the terminal (UE) transmits a MeasurementReport message to the base station (gNB). The base station determines the LTM setting and initiates the LTM preparation procedure (501).

[0249] The base station sends an RRC reconfiguration message containing LTM candidate configurations to the terminal (502).

[0250] The terminal saves the LTM candidate configuration and sends an RRC Reconfiguration Complete message to the base station (503).

[0251] The terminal performs down-synchronization (DL synchronization) with LTM candidate cells before receiving a cell switch command. The terminal can enable or disable the TCI status of the LTM candidate cells according to a trigger from the base station (504a).

[0252] The terminal may perform uplink synchronization (UL synchronization) with LTM candidate cells prior to receiving a cell switch command, either through terminal-based TA measurement or by transmitting a preamble triggered by the base station, if configured. If terminal-based TA measurement is configured, the terminal obtains the TA values ​​for the candidate cells by measurement (504b). If requested by the network, the terminal performs pre-TA acquisition with the candidate cells. In this case, a CFRA is triggered by a PDCCH command from the source cell, and the terminal transmits a preamble to the designated candidate cell. To minimize data interruption in the source cell due to the CFRA for the candidate cells, the terminal does not receive a random access response from the network for the purpose of obtaining the TA value, and the TA value of the candidate cell is specified within the cell switch command. The terminal does not maintain a TA timer for the candidate cell, and TA validity guarantees depend on the network implementation.

[0253] The terminal performs L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate cells and transmits the L1 measurement report to the base station (505). L1 measurements must be performed while RRC reconfiguration (step 502) is active.

[0254] The base station determines the cell switch to the target cell and transmits an LTM cell switch command MAC CE that triggers the cell switch (506). This command includes a target configuration ID indicating the candidate configuration index of the target cell, a beam indicated by a TCI state or multiple beams indicated by a DL / UL TCI state, and, if possible, a TA command for the target cell. The terminal switches to the target cell according to the indicated target configuration ID and applies the candidate configuration.

[0255] If the terminal does not have a valid TA value for the target cell, the terminal performs a random access procedure for the target cell (507).

[0256] The terminal completes the LTM cell switch procedure by sending an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target cell (508). If the terminal performs a random access procedure in step 507, the LTM cell switch execution is considered to have been successfully completed when the random access procedure is successfully completed. In the case of RACH-less LTM, the terminal considers the LTM cell switch execution to have been completed when it determines that the first UL data has been successfully received by the network.

[0257] Steps 504 through 508 can be performed iteratively using the LTM candidate configuration provided in Step 502.

[0258] The procedure on the wireless interface shown in Fig. 13 can be applied to both intra-BS-DU LTM and inter-BS-DU LTM.

[0259] For LTM and L1 measurement reporting, 1) LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information elements and 2) LTM-CSI-ReportConfig information elements may be provided to the terminal through upper layer signals.

[0260] 1) The LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information element may be configured to define one or more CSI resource groups associated with one or more LTM candidate configurations. LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig may include ltm-CSI-ResourceConfigId-r18 and ltm-CSI-SSB-ResourceSet-r18. ltm-CSI-SSB-ResourceSet-r18 is a set comprising multiple SS / PBCH block resources and LTM candidate identifiers associated therewith, and includes the following items:

[0261] ltm-CSI-SSB-ResourceList-r18: An index list identifying one or more SS / PBCH block resources, which can be configured across different LTM candidate cells.

[0262] ltm-CandidateIdList-r18: This is a list of LTM candidate cell IDs corresponding to each SSB resource. It is configured such that the first candidate cell ID is linked to the first SSB index, and the second candidate cell ID is linked to the second SSB index.

[0263] 2) LTM-CSI-ReportConfig is an information element for configuring LTM-related CSI-based measurement reporting performed for a specific cell, and the reporting target cell is defined as the cell containing the LTM-CSI-ReportConfig.

[0264] LTM-CSI-ReportConfig may include the following: (i) ltm-CSI-ReportConfigId-r18, (ii) ltm-ResourcesForChannelMeasurement-r18 (represents the reference CSI resource configuration for measurement and is identified by LTM-CSI-ResourceConfigId), (iii) ltm-ReportConfigType-r18 (periodic / semiPersistentOnPUCCH / semiPersistentOnPUSCH / aperiodic), (iv) ltm-ReportContent-r18

[0265] ltm-ReportContent-r18 defines the content to be included in a single L1 measurement report instance and may include the following parameters.

[0266] - nrOfReportedCells-r18: Number of reported cells (e.g., 1–4)

[0267] - nrOfReportedRS-PerCell-r18: Number of reported RSs per cell (e.g., 1–4)

[0268] - spCellInclusion-r18: Defines whether to include the current serving cell (SpCell) in the report, and is configurable only if the SpCell is set as an LTM candidate.

[0269] Near-Field measurement

[0270] 5G communication systems aim to support very high data transmission rates and low transmission latency to support various services. When a terminal moves from the coverage area of ​​one cell to another, a serving cell change (e.g., handover) must be performed at some point; prior to 5G NR Release 18, serving cell changes were performed via L3 measurement. In L3 handover, handover command messages are relatively large, which can cause signal overhead and latency due to retransmissions required as the UE moves away from the source BS, potentially leading to the handover being triggered too late. This can result in the wireless link to the source BS being disconnected before the handover is performed, causing the UE to carry out recovery procedures and leading to prolonged service interruptions. Such handover downtime can cause performance degradation for services requiring low latency, such as Time-Critical Communication (TCC) or Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) (e.g., Extended Reality (XR) applications in the cloud, remote control, or mobility automation).

[0271] In 5G NR Release 18, Lower-layer Triggered Mobility (LTM) was introduced to address the issues associated with L3 handover. The core concept of LTM is to detect mobility at the physical layer (L1) or data link layer (L2) and provide a trigger mechanism that allows for faster handover processing. This enables the minimization of latency and packet loss by rapidly detecting and processing handoffs at lower layers before undergoing the complex procedures of L3 handover. Consequently, LTM has established itself as a critical technology that resolves the problems of existing L3 handover while ensuring high-speed mobility and stability in 5G networks. In NR Rel-18, LTM based on SSB blocks was introduced, and for NR Rel-19, the introduction of LTM based on CSI-RS resources—which feature beam characteristics concentrated in a narrow area—is being discussed to ensure higher throughput performance after the cell switch.

[0272] 6G communication systems aim to provide significantly higher data transmission speeds, lower latency, and more extensive connectivity than 5G. Key performance indicators (KPIs) to achieve these improvements include an ultra-high transmission rate of 1 TB / s, ultra-low latency of 100 µs, and massive connectivity supporting extremely high user densities (10^7 devices / km^2). To this end, 6G is likely to introduce Extremely Large-Scale Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (XL-MIMO), which goes beyond Massive MIMO to include far more antenna elements than before. This enables simultaneous communication with more users through Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and maximizes network efficiency by providing more sophisticated beamforming. As antenna sizes increase, the ability to control radiation patterns becomes finer, and increased frequency utilization, particularly in high-frequency bands, enables the expansion of transmission speeds and bandwidth.

[0273] In existing wireless communication systems, beamforming was primarily applied in the far-field region; however, with the introduction of XL-MIMO and the full-scale utilization of high-frequency bands in 6G, discussions regarding beamforming in the near-field region are becoming more active. The near-field region refers to an area where electric and magnetic fields do not possess perfect plane wave characteristics and change rapidly depending on location; its range is determined by the physical size of the antenna and its frequency. Therefore, when large antennas and high-frequency bands are used together in 6G, it is highly likely that the size of the near-field region will expand.

[0274] Unlike the far-field region, where the wavefront is considered nearly plane upon reaching the receiver, the near-field region exhibits a spherical wavefront. Consequently, to accurately transmit signals to receivers located at various positions close to the transmitter, a finer beam must be formed by considering not only direction but also distance. This requires covering various angles and distances through a larger number of beams.

[0275] In the future, regarding terminal mobility in 5G advanced / 6G, if near-field beamforming is applied to measurement resources, a very large measurement overhead is expected for the terminal to measure all near-field beam-formed resources of the target / candidate cell(s) due to the above attributes.

[0276] Meanwhile, by measuring the near-field beam-formed resources of the target / candidate cell(s) before handover, the terminal can perform beam training on the resources in advance, thereby reducing latency caused by beam training and allowing for high throughput immediately after handover.

[0277] Based on the discussions above, we propose a method for setting up measurement and reporting for existing measurement resources (e.g., far-field beam-formed resources) and additional measurement resources (e.g., near-field beam-formed resources), as well as signaling and reporting methods for this purpose. Furthermore, we propose an association method between the existing measurement resources and the additional measurement resources.

[0278] Each proposal proposed in this specification may be implemented independently without separate combination, or one or more proposals may be implemented in combination. Some terms, symbols, and sequences used for illustrative purposes may be replaced with other terms, symbols, or sequences.

[0279] For example, the serving base station may be referred to as the source base station / cell / TRP, and the adjacent base station may be referred to as the neighbor / target base station / cell / TRP.

[0280] [Proposal 1] Terminal operation based on whether the second measurement resource setting and the condition for determining the existence of a specific area are instructed

[0281] According to one embodiment, when measuring, a terminal can determine whether it is in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell to which the resource belongs based on the measurement result on the first measurement resource, and based on the determination result, can perform and report a measurement on the second measurement resource of the adjacent cell. Here, the second measurement resource may have the characteristic of being transmitted with a beam operation technique specialized for a specific area compared to the first measurement resource, or having a narrower coverage and / or being transmitted for a larger number of beams.

[0282] For example, a specific area may refer to a physical / geographical / coverage area / space / location corresponding to the near-field.

[0283] For example, a measurement of a terminal on a measurement resource may be a measurement of a signal and / or interference.

[0284] The proposed method can be divided into a method in which the terminal receives a second measurement resource from the base station, a method in which the second measurement resource is simultaneously configured when the first measurement resource is reported, and a method in which the terminal additionally receives a second measurement resource report configuration as it reports the result of determining the existence of a specific area to the base station based on the first measurement resource that has been reported. Each is described separately as option 1 and option 2. For example, configuration information for measurement resource(s) and / or configuration information for determination condition(s) for determining whether it is located in a specific area may be provided through upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC).

[0285] (1) Option 1. Method of setting the 1st and 2nd measurement resources together

[0286] When a terminal receives a report setting for a first measurement resource of an adjacent cell from a base station within a serving cell, it may also receive a report setting for a second measurement resource. As a specific example of the second measurement resource report setting method, when the first and second measurement resources are CSI-RS for LTM resources, when setting an LTM report with LTM-CSI-ReportConfig IE, one or more LTM-CSI-ResourceConfigIds can be set as SEQUENCE values ​​in the ltm-ResourceForChannelMeasurement field value. If the ltm-CSI-RS-ResourceSet field value of LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE is set as two SEQUENCE values ​​by the base station, those values ​​may sequentially correspond to the first / second measurement resource set.

[0287] The terminal determines whether to measure / report a second measurement resource based on the measurement results of a first measurement resource, and this decision may be based on a determination of whether the terminal exists within a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell. At this time, the proposed method may be divided depending on whether the terminal receives a condition / criterion from the base station for determining whether the terminal exists within a specific area. Each is described separately as option 1-1 and option 1-2.

[0288] 1) Option 1-1. Do not receive judgment condition settings

[0289] If the terminal determines that it is in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement result of a first measurement resource of an adjacent cell (and a predefined / implemented or determined judgment condition), it may additionally measure all or part of a second measurement resource that has been set to be reported and report this to the base station (e.g., at least one of the first / second resource measurement result and / or judgment result). At this time, the judgment condition may also be reported to the base station.

[0290] If the terminal determines that it is not in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement result of a first measurement resource of an adjacent cell (and a judgment condition that is predefined / implemented or determined by the terminal), it may report this to the base station (e.g., at least one of the first resource measurement result and / or judgment result) and ignore the reporting setting for a second measurement resource received from the base station. At this time, the judgment condition may also be reported to the base station.

[0291] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of first / second measurement resource reporting and setting operations between a terminal, a serving base station, and an adjacent cell base station when the proposed option 1-1 method is applied.

[0292] Referring to FIG. 14, the terminal can transmit and receive various uplink / downlink signals / data with a serving base station (1405).

[0293] The terminal may receive a second measurement resource report setting along with a first measurement resource report setting from the serving base station (1410). The report setting may include, for example, at least one of a resource to be measured, a report type, a reporting slot location, and a report content.

[0294] The target base station can transmit a signal on the first measurement resource (1415).

[0295] The terminal can perform a measurement on the first measurement resource and determine whether it is located in a specific area of ​​the target base station based on the measurement result (1425).

[0296] The terminal can report the first measurement resource result to the serving base station at the frequency / time location set based on the measurement report setting information (1420).

[0297] If it is determined that the terminal is present in a specific area, the terminal may perform a measurement on a second measurement resource based on previously set information and report the results of the second measurement resource to a serving base station at a frequency / time location set based on the set information (1435). At this time, the above determination condition (e.g., the condition used to determine whether it is present in a specific area) may be reported together or additionally according to the set information.

[0298] When the proposed method is applied, the terminal may not go through the step of receiving a measurement report of the second measurement resource from the base station, thereby reducing latency for the second measurement report.

[0299] 2) Option 1-2. Receive judgment condition settings

[0300] If the terminal determines that it is in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement result of the first measurement resource of an adjacent cell, it may additionally measure all or part of the second measurement resource that has been set to be reported and report it to the base station.

[0301] If the terminal determines that it is not in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement result of the first measurement resource of an adjacent cell, it may report this to the base station and ignore the reporting setting for the second measurement resource received from the base station.

[0302] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the first / second measurement resource reporting and setting operation between the terminal, the serving base station, and the adjacent cell base station when the proposed option 1-2 method is applied.

[0303] Referring to FIG. 15, the terminal can transmit and receive various uplink / downlink signals / data with a serving base station (1505).

[0304] The terminal may receive a second measurement resource report setting along with a first measurement resource report setting from the serving base station (1510). The report setting may include, for example, at least one of a resource to be measured, a report type, a reporting slot location, a report content, and condition information for determining whether a specific area exists.

[0305] The target base station can transmit a signal on the first measurement resource (1515).

[0306] The terminal can perform a measurement on the first measurement resource and determine whether it is located in a specific area of ​​the target base station based on the measurement result (1525).

[0307] The terminal can report the first measurement resource result to the serving base station at the frequency / time location set based on the measurement report setting information (1520).

[0308] If the terminal determines that it exists in a specific area based on the judgment conditions it has received, it may measure on a second measurement resource based on previously received information and report the results of the second measurement resource to a serving base station at a frequency / time location set based on the information (1535). At this time, the judgment conditions may be reported together or additionally depending on the set information.

[0309] When the above-mentioned proposed method 1-1 and method 1-2 are applied, a method for transmitting to the base station whether the second measurement resource is reported can be proposed as follows.

[0310] When a terminal additionally measures / reports a second measurement resource after measuring a first measurement resource, it may signal to the base station whether to report the second measurement resource. As a specific example of a signaling method, a 1-bit flag may be configured within CSI part 1 to signal that the information contained in CSI part 1 is a first measurement resource report when the flag is on. When the flag is on, the information contained in CSI part 1 and CSI part 2 may mean the first measurement resource report and the second measurement resource report, respectively, and when the flag is off, the information contained in CSI part 2 may mean the first measurement resource report.

[0311] Alternatively, when the terminal receives a second measurement resource report setting from the base station, it may receive a separate UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for the second measurement resource report. In this case, the terminal may report whether the UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for the second measurement resource report is in use together with the first measurement resource report, and then perform the second measurement resource report from the said UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource). Alternatively, after the terminal reports the first measurement resource, it may expect the base station to predict whether the second measurement resource report is in use based on the reported information and perform blind detection (BD) on the UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) separately set for the second measurement resource report, and thus perform the second measurement resource report from the UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) separately set for the second measurement resource report without separate signaling.

[0312] When the proposed method is applied, the amount of information reported by the terminal to the base station can be minimized, thereby reducing the terminal's reporting overhead and preventing unnecessary measurement reporting operations. The benefits can be enhanced when measurement reporting is performed via UCI.

[0313] (2) Option 2. Method of additionally setting a second measurement resource

[0314] The terminal may be set / instructed to report a second measurement resource by reporting to the base station within the serving cell whether it exists in a specific area within the cell based on the first measurement resource of an adjacent cell. At this time, the proposed method may be divided depending on whether the terminal receives a condition / criterion from the base station for determining the existence of a specific area. Each is described separately as option 2-1 and option 2-2.

[0315] 1) Option 2-1. Do not receive judgment condition settings

[0316] If a terminal determines that it is in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement result of a first measurement resource of an adjacent cell (and a predefined or determined judgment condition), it may report this to a base station (e.g., at least one of the measurement result and / or judgment result) and receive a report setting for a second measurement resource from the base station. When reporting, the judgment condition according to the implementation of the terminal may also be reported to the base station.

[0317] For example, a terminal may be configured to report to a base station (e.g., at least one of the first resource measurement result and / or the judgment result) even if it is determined that the terminal is not in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement result of a first measurement resource of an adjacent cell (and a judgment condition that is predefined / implemented or determined by the terminal). Alternatively, such reporting may be omitted. When reporting, the judgment condition according to the implementation of the terminal may also be reported to the base station.

[0318] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the first / second measurement resource reporting and setting operation between the terminal, the serving base station, and the adjacent cell base station when the proposed option 2-1 method is applied.

[0319] Referring to FIG. 16, the terminal can transmit and receive various uplink / downlink signals / data with a serving base station (1605).

[0320] The terminal can receive a first measurement resource report setting from a serving base station (1610). The report setting may include, for example, at least one of a resource to be measured, a report type, a reporting slot location, and a report content.

[0321] The target base station can transmit a signal on the first measurement resource (1615).

[0322] The terminal can perform a measurement on the first measurement resource and determine whether it is located in a specific area of ​​the target base station based on the measurement result (1625).

[0323] The terminal can report the first measurement resource result to the serving base station at the frequency / time location set based on the measurement report setting information (1620).

[0324] If it is determined that the terminal is present in a specific area, the determination result may be reported together or additionally.

[0325] Afterward, the terminal can receive a report setting for a second measurement resource from the serving base station (1630). The report setting may include, for example, a resource to be measured, a report type, a reporting slot location, and a report content.

[0326] The terminal can measure on the second measurement resource based on the information and report the second measurement resource result to the serving base station at the set frequency / time location (1640). At this time, depending on the setting information, the above judgment condition (e.g., a condition used to determine whether it exists in a specific area) may be reported together or additionally.

[0327] 2) Option 2-2. Receive judgment condition settings

[0328] The terminal can receive a condition setting / instruction from the base station to determine whether the terminal is in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell, and if it is determined that it is inside the specific area, it can report to the base station and receive a report setting for a second measurement resource from the base station.

[0329] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of the first / second measurement resource reporting and setting operation between the terminal, the serving base station, and the adjacent cell base station when the proposed option 2-2 method is applied.

[0330] Referring to FIG. 17, the terminal can transmit and receive various uplink / downlink signals / data with a serving base station (1705).

[0331] The terminal may receive a first measurement resource report setting from a serving base station. The report setting may include, for example, at least one of a resource to be measured, a report type, a reporting slot location, a report content, and condition information for determining whether a specific area exists.

[0332] The target base station can transmit a signal on the first measurement resource (1715).

[0333] The terminal can perform a measurement on the first measurement resource and determine whether it is located in a specific area of ​​the target base station based on the measurement result (1725).

[0334] The terminal can report the first measurement resource result to the serving base station at the frequency / time location set based on the measurement report setting information (1720).

[0335] If the terminal determines, based on the judgment conditions received, that it exists in a specific area, it may report the judgment result together or additionally.

[0336] The terminal may receive a report setting for a second measurement resource from a serving base station (1730). The report setting may include, for example, a resource to be measured, a report type, a reporting slot location, and a report content. Based on the information, the terminal may measure on the second measurement resource and report the results of the second measurement resource to the serving base station at a frequency / time location set based on the information (1735). At this time, the above judgment conditions may be reported together or additionally depending on the setting information.

[0337] When the proposed method is applied, the amount of signal transmitted and received by the terminal with the base station can be reduced, and there may be an advantage in that overhead can be minimized because reporting on the second measurement resource is set only after determining whether a specific area exists.

[0338] Specific example(s) of the judgment conditions set by the proposed base station may include at least one of whether the RSRP value for the first measurement resource exceeds a specific threshold, whether the AoA difference value between each receiving antenna element for the first measurement resource exceeds a specific threshold, and whether the variance value of the RSRP for the first measurement resource exceeds a specific threshold during a specific time interval, and the conditions may be applied in combination of at least one or more. The specific threshold(s) may be pre-set by the base station to the terminal or reported to the base station by the terminal.

[0339] [Proposal 2] Association of the first measurement resource and the second measurement resource

[0340] According to one embodiment, considering that a large amount of resources is required due to the narrow coverage characteristics of the second measurement resource, an association method between the first measurement resource and the second measurement resource is proposed to reduce measurement overhead.

[0341] If it is expected that a terminal will perform a measurement on a second measurement resource based on the measurement result of a first measurement resource by applying the proposed method above, it may be configured to perform additional measurements limited to second measurement resource(s) associated with high-quality resource(s) among the first measurement resources that were measured. As a specific example, the terminal may receive a k_top value setting / instruction from a base station and may report k_top highest quality first measurement resource(s). And / or may measure / report second measurement resource(s) associated with k_top highest quality first measurement resource(s).

[0342] For example, in the case of option 1-2 in [Proposal 1], if the terminal determines that it is in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement results of the first measurement resources of an adjacent cell, it may additionally measure k_top second measurement resources associated with the first measurement resources and report this to the base station. If the terminal determines that it is not in a specific area of ​​an adjacent cell based on the measurement results of the first measurement resources of an adjacent cell, it may report this to the base station and ignore the reporting settings for the second measurement resources received from the base station. When Proposal 2 is applied, other options of the proposed Proposal 1 can be extended in a similar manner.

[0343] According to one embodiment, the types of resources to be associated and the corresponding setting / instruction methods are proposed.

[0344] The above first measurement resource and second measurement resource may relate to the far-field beamformed (FF BFed) measurement resource supported by the current NR spec and the near-field beamformed (NF BFed) measurement resource that may be supported in B5G / 6G, respectively, and each beamformed method may be considered for SSB and / or CSI-RS resources. Based on this, specific examples of resources associated between the first measurement resource and the second measurement resource may be as follows.

[0345] - Alt 1) When FF BFed CSI-RS for RRM is associated with NF BFed SSB for LTM resource or NF BFed CSI-RS for LTM

[0346] - Alt 2) When FF BFed SSB for LTM is associated with an NF BFed SSB for LTM resource or an NF BFed CSI-RS for LTM resource

[0347] - Alt 3) When FF BFed CSI-RS for LTM is associated with an NF BFed SSB for LTM resource or an NF BFed CSI-RS for LTM resource

[0348] For association between the first measurement resource and the second measurement resource, a field can be added to the RRC signaling used when setting up the measurement report for the FF BFed SSB / CSI-RS resource for LTM purposes so that the NF BFed SSB / CSI-RS resource for LTM purposes can be set together, and the IDs of the first measurement resource and the second measurement resource to be associated within the measurement report setting information can be explicitly set to be associated.

[0349] Alternatively, an association between resources may be established based on the TCI state ID set / instructed for the first measurement resource and the second measurement resource. The terminal may determine that measurement resources with the same TCI state ID are associated, and if it decides to measure / report the second measurement resource after measuring / reporting the first measurement resource, it may measure / report only to the second measurement resource associated with the first measurement resource. To this end, a separate QCL type indicating the QCL relationship between the NF BFed beam and the FF BFed beam may be defined, and said QCL type may be used.

[0350] And / or, the terminal may determine the measurement priority for the second measurement resources by receiving explicit / implicit information about the second measurement resources from the base station. NF BFed resources that can be used as second measurement resources may have the characteristic of having a large deviation in beam gain depending on the focal point angle / distance of each resource. Therefore, by explicitly providing the angle / distance information of the focal point of each NF BFed resource, the terminal can determine the measurement priority of other NF BFed measurement resources based on the NF resource information and the terminal's location information. As a specific example, for a terminal that receives a second measurement resource reporting setting along with a first measurement resource reporting setting from the base station, the terminal may decide to measure / report the second measurement resources if a specific criterion is satisfied based on the result after reporting the first measurement resources. In this case, measurement / reporting can be performed in order of the resources with the greatest correlation / similarity between the angle / distance information of each resource within the pre-set second measurement resource setting information and the terminal's location.

[0351] And / or the terminal may receive angle / distance information of the focal point of each NF BFed resource implicitly through a multidimensional index rather than directly from the base station, and the terminal may determine the measurement priority of other NF BFed measurement resources based on the measurement results of the corresponding NF measurement resource and the index information. As a specific example, the terminal may receive information from the base station in which values ​​for each domain are quantized into indices for the vertical angle domain, horizontal angle domain, and distance domain. Based on previously performed measurement results, the terminal may calculate the correlation / similarity between the 3D index of the highest quality measurement resource and the 3D indices of each received NF BFed resource, and determine the measurement priority of each NF BFed resource in descending order of the correlation values. This has the advantage of minimizing overhead caused by the measurement operation of the terminal, and because it transmits and receives quantized indices rather than direct values, it has the advantage of reducing the overhead of the signal received from the base station to receive focal point information of the NF BFed resource.

[0352] And / or, the terminal may directly or indirectly receive an association between second measurement resources from the base station. As a specific example, when configuring a report through RRC signaling for NF BFed CSI-RS, the association relationship can be explicitly established by setting the resource index of the associated NF BFed SSB, and when measuring / reporting NF BFed CSI-RS resource(s), the target resource for measurement / reporting of the NF BFed CSI-RS resource(s) can be determined based on the measurement result of the associated NF BFed SSB. If the terminal decides whether to report the measurement of NF BFed CSI-RS after the measurement report of NF BFed SSB, there may be a method to receive a separate UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for the measurement report of NF BFed CSI-RS from the base station, similar to Proposal 1. In this case, when reporting NF BFed SSB resources, the terminal may report whether a separate UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) is used for NF BFed CSI-RS measurement reporting, and then perform NF BFed CSI-RS measurement reporting from said UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource). Alternatively, after reporting NF BFed SSB resources, the terminal may expect the base station to anticipate whether to report NF BFed CSI-RS resources based on the reported information and then BD the separately configured UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for NF BFed CSI-RS resource reporting, and then perform NF BFed CSI-RS resource reporting from the separately configured UL resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for NF BFed CSI-RS resource reporting without separate signaling.As another specific example, the terminal can indirectly establish an association between the resources based on the TCI state ID that is set / instructed for each of the NF BFed SSB resource and the NF BFed CSI-RS resource.

[0353] [Proposal 3] Measurement Report Contents of the Second Measurement Resource

[0354] When a terminal receives a measurement report setting for a second measurement resource from a base station, it may receive a setting for the report quantity. The measurement report contents that can be set include L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and beam index (CRI) of the first and second measurement resources, and specific examples are described below. In this case, parameters k_1 and k_2 may be newly defined to set the report content, and through these parameters, the number of resources to be reported when reporting on the first and second measurement resources can be set. For example, if k_1 and k_2 are included in the report configuration received by the terminal from the base station, k_1 may represent the number of first measurement resources reported by the report configuration, and k_2 may represent the number of associated second measurement resources reported per first measurement resource. That is, the number of second measurement resources reported may be k_1 x k_2.

[0355] Due to the nature of second measurement resources, the number of resources is likely to be relatively larger than that of first measurement resources; therefore, reporting L1-RSRP / L1-SINR for second measurement resources may result in significant report overhead. Even if the system is configured to report only for k_2 second measurement resources, the report overhead issue may still exist because k_2 will need to be larger than k_1 due to the characteristic that the beam coverage is relatively lower than that of first measurement resources. Accordingly, the system can be configured to report only k_2 beam indexes of the second measurement resources, and the top k_2 beams can be selected and reported based on the RSRP values ​​for each beam.

[0356] And / or, to save uplink resources for reporting measurements of a second measurement resource and to reduce configuration overhead for said uplink resources, a method may be proposed to simultaneously report resource indices and / or measurements for a first measurement resource and a second measurement resource associated with said measurement resource. As a specific example, if certain conditions are satisfied based on the measurement results of the first measurement resource, the resource indices and / or measurements of k_1 first measurement resources may be reported, and at the same time, the resource indices and / or measurements of the second measurement resources associated with said first measurement resource(s) may be reported together. Various values ​​including L1-RSRP and L1-SINR may be applied as the measurement values ​​of the proposed measurement resources.

[0357] [Proposal 4] Operation between cells / base stations for measuring the terminal's second measurement resource and operation of a target cell / base station to utilize measurement report results

[0358] (1) Measurement report configuration operation

[0359] When a base station within a serving cell sets a report setting for a second measurement resource to a specific terminal within the cell, the base station can transmit the report setting information to an adjacent cell connected via an ideal backhaul network and expect transmission of the first and second measurement resources. And / or it can transmit the report setting information to an adjacent cell connected via a non-ideal backhaul network or expect periodic transmission of the first and second measurement resources.

[0360] For example, a serving base station may set a report setting for a second measurement resource for a specific terminal within a cell and transmit the report setting information to an adjacent cell connected via an ideal backhaul network. The adjacent cell / base station receiving the information may transmit the second measurement resource based on the resource allocation information within the setting (e.g., transmit a reference signal such as SSB / CSI-RS on the second measurement resource). The second measurement resource transmitted based on the set time / frequency resource may be received by the terminal and the measurement information may be reported to the terminal's serving cell. After the report, operation may be performed according to at least one of [Proposal 1] - [Proposal 3].

[0361] (2) Operation after receiving measurement report

[0362] After setting up a measurement report on the terminal, when the serving cell / base station receives a measurement report regarding the first measurement resource and / or the second measurement resource from the terminal, it may transmit a cell switching command instructing the terminal to cell switch to the corresponding target cell. Additionally, it may transmit the report result received from the terminal to the target cell. At this time, the serving cell / base station may transmit the report result and the terminal information to the target cell based on a direct communication interface between adjacent base stations (e.g., an Xn interface). The target cell / base station that receives the report result may perform beam management for the terminal based on the report result in order to provide high-quality service to the terminal that has switched to the cell.

[0363] [Proposal 5] Setting up a second measurement resource in the serving cell

[0364] If a terminal is located within a specific area of ​​a serving cell (e.g., a near-field region), the likelihood of performing a cell switching operation to an adjacent cell is extremely low, and the terminal and the base station performing the proposed operations may cause unnecessary waste of uplink / downlink resources and transmission / reception energy. Therefore, terminal / base station operations based on whether the terminal is within a specific area are proposed, based on measurement / reporting of a second measurement resource of the serving cell (e.g., a near-field beamformed CSI-RS resource). The entity determining whether the terminal is within a specific area may be the terminal or the base station, and the case of the terminal is described as an example.

[0365] The terminal may receive a measurement report setting for a second measurement resource of the cell from the serving base station, and the setting may take precedence over the reporting setting for a first measurement resource and / or a first / second measurement resource of an adjacent cell.

[0366] Based on the measurement results for the second measurement resource of the serving cell, the terminal may report to the base station whether it exceeds or satisfies 'specific criteria / conditions' implemented / determined by the terminal or set / instructed by the base station. If the measurement results for the second measurement resource of the serving cell exceed or satisfy the specific criteria, the terminal may expect not to be set / instructed on the first measurement resource of the serving cell and / or the first / second measurement resources of the neighboring cell, or may not monitor the corresponding resources of the neighboring cell even if set / instructed on. As a specific example, if the terminal receives a near-field beamformed CSI-RS resource transmitted by the serving cell and the average RSRP value of the best k_2 beam exceeds a specific threshold, the terminal may determine that it is in the near-field area of ​​the serving cell and report this to the base station, and may not receive or ignore the setting / instruction from the base station regarding the far-field beamformed CSI-RS resource of the serving cell and / or the far / near-field beamformed CSI-RS resource of the adjacent cell. Due to the characteristics of near-field beamformed CSI-RS resources, the performance of a beam concentrated at a specific location is most important; as another example, the above condition can be determined using the RSRP value of the best beam.

[0367] When the above proposed method is applied, for terminals located in a specific area (e.g., Near field) of the serving cell, the first measurement resource of the serving cell and / or the first and second measurement resources of the neighboring cell are not measured and reported, thereby reducing resource / energy waste caused by the terminal's measurement and report operation.

[0368] FIG. 18 illustrates the flow of a method performed by a terminal according to one embodiment. FIG. 18 is an example of an implementation of at least some of the embodiments described above, and the above description may be referenced without further separate mention.

[0369] Referring to FIG. 18, the terminal can receive setting information for neighbor cell measurements from the serving cell (1805).

[0370] The terminal can perform a measurement of at least one first resource of a neighboring cell based on the above setting information (1810).

[0371] The terminal can transmit a neighbor cell measurement report containing a measurement result for at least one first resource to the serving cell (1815).

[0372] The terminal can determine whether to perform a measurement of at least one second resource of the neighboring cell based on the measurement result of at least one first resource.

[0373] The terminal can determine whether the terminal is located in a specific area of ​​the neighboring cell based on the measurement result of the at least one first resource, and can perform a measurement of the at least one second resource based on the determination that the terminal is located in a specific area of ​​the neighboring cell.

[0374] The above setting information may include at least one of (i) information about the at least one first resource, (ii) information about the at least one second resource, or (iii) information about a determination criterion for whether it is located in the specific area.

[0375] The above specific region may be a region related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0376] The above at least one first resource may be a resource related to the far-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0377] The above at least one second resource may be a resource related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0378] The above at least one first resource and the above at least one second resource can be linked to each other.

[0379] The terminal can select k1 first resources with the highest measurement value among the at least one first resource and perform measurements on second resources linked to the selected k1 first resources.

[0380] For each first resource, k2 second resources are linked, and the terminal can perform measurements on k1*k2 second resources linked to the selected k1 first resources.

[0381] The above terminal can perform a measurement of at least one first resource of the neighboring cell based on the fact that the terminal is not located in a specific area of ​​the serving cell.

[0382] FIG. 19 illustrates the flow of a method performed by at least one base station according to one embodiment. FIG. 19 is an example of an implementation of at least some of the embodiments described above, and the above description may be referenced without further separate mention.

[0383] The base station can transmit configuration information for neighbor cell measurements through the terminal's serving cell (1905).

[0384] The base station can receive a neighbor cell measurement report containing a measurement result for at least one first resource based on the above setting information from the terminal through the serving cell (1910).

[0385] The base station can determine whether to receive a measurement report for at least one second resource of the neighboring cell based on the measurement result for at least one first resource.

[0386] The base station determines whether the terminal is located in a specific area of ​​the neighbor cell based on the measurement result of the at least one first resource, and can receive a measurement report for the at least one second resource based on the determination that the base station is located in a specific area of ​​the neighbor cell.

[0387] The above setting information may include at least one of (i) information about the at least one first resource, (ii) information about the at least one second resource, or (iii) information about a determination criterion for whether it is located in the specific area.

[0388] The above specific region may be a region related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0389] The above at least one first resource may be a resource related to the far-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0390] The above at least one second resource may be a resource related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

[0391] The above at least one first resource and the above at least one second resource can be linked to each other.

[0392] Among the above at least one first resource, k1 first resources with the highest measured value are selected, and measurements can be performed on second resources linked to the selected k1 first resources.

[0393] For each first resource, k2 second resources are linked, and measurements can be performed on k1*k2 second resources linked to the selected k1 first resources.

[0394] The base station may receive a neighbor cell measurement report including a measurement result for at least one first resource of the neighbor cell based on the fact that the terminal is not located in a specific area of ​​the serving cell.

[0395] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present disclosure in a specific form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, it is possible to construct embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that are not explicitly related in the claims, or that they may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

[0396] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects and should be considered exemplary. The scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0397] The present disclosure may be used in a terminal, base station, or other equipment of a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

1. In a method performed by a terminal, Receive setting information for neighbor cell measurements from the serving cell; Based on the above setting information, perform a measurement on at least one first resource of a neighboring cell; and It includes transmitting a neighbor cell measurement report containing measurement results for at least one first resource to the serving cell, and A method in which the terminal determines whether to perform a measurement of at least one second resource of the neighboring cell based on a measurement result of at least one first resource.

2. In Paragraph 1, The terminal determines whether the terminal is located in a specific area of ​​the neighboring cell based on the measurement result of the at least one first resource, and A method for performing a measurement of at least one second resource based on the determination that the terminal is located in a specific area of ​​the neighboring cell.

3. In Paragraph 2, A method comprising at least one of the above setting information, which includes (i) information about the at least one first resource, (ii) information about the at least one second resource, or (iii) information about a determination criterion for whether it is located in the specific area.

4. In Paragraph 2, A method in which the above specific region is a region related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above at least one first resource is a resource related to far-field beamforming of the neighboring cell, and A method in which at least one second resource is a resource related to the near-field beamforming of the neighboring cell.

6. In Paragraph 1, A method in which at least one first resource and at least one second resource are linked to each other.

7. In Paragraph 6, A method wherein the terminal selects k1 first resources with the highest measurement value among at least one first resource, and performs a measurement on second resources associated with the selected k1 first resources.

8. In Paragraph 7, For each first resource, k2 second resources are linked, and A method in which the terminal performs measurements on k1*k2 second resources associated with the selected k1 first resources.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the terminal performs a measurement of at least one first resource of the neighboring cell based on the fact that the terminal is not located in a specific area of ​​the serving cell.

10. A non-transient storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a terminal, cause the terminal to perform the method described in claim 1.

11. In the device, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the device to perform operations when executed by the above at least one processor, and The above operations are, Receive setting information for neighbor cell measurements from the serving cell; Based on the above setting information, perform a measurement on at least one first resource of a neighboring cell; and It includes transmitting a neighbor cell measurement report containing measurement results for at least one first resource to the serving cell, and The device determines whether to perform a measurement of at least one second resource of the neighboring cell based on a measurement result of at least one first resource.

12. In Paragraph 11, The above device further includes at least one transceiver, and The above device is a terminal device.

13. In Paragraph 11, The above device is a processing device configured to control a terminal.

14. In a method performed by a base station, Transmitting configuration information for neighbor cell measurement through the terminal's serving cell; and Based on the above setting information, the method includes receiving a neighbor cell measurement report from the terminal through the serving cell, the neighbor cell measurement report including a measurement result for the at least one first resource, and A method in which the base station determines whether to receive a measurement report for at least one second resource of the neighboring cell based on a measurement result for at least one first resource.

15. Regarding base stations, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the at least one base station to perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, and The above operations are, Transmitting configuration information for neighbor cell measurement through the terminal's serving cell; and Based on the above setting information, the method includes receiving a neighbor cell measurement report from the terminal through the serving cell, the neighbor cell measurement report including a measurement result for the at least one first resource, and A base station that determines whether to receive a measurement report for at least one second resource of the neighboring cell based on a measurement result for at least one first resource.

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