Methods and apparatus for NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications
The proposed S&F operation in UE and network addresses the unsynchronized NAS security state issue by allowing timely detachment or deregistration, ensuring seamless communication transitions in satellite coverage loss scenarios.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK SINGAPORE PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communications, when a UE loses coverage from an onboard satellite architecture, the UE non-access stratum (NAS) security state becomes unsynchronized with the satellite network, and there is no existing solution to address this issue.
Implementing a Store and Forward (S&F) operation in the UE and network to detect impending satellite coverage loss, allowing for either local detachment or a UE-initiated deregistration procedure based on available time.
Ensures synchronized UE NAS security state management by enabling timely detachment or deregistration, maintaining communication integrity during satellite coverage changes.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025132826_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR NTN-UE DETACH FOR ONBOARD SATELLITE ARCHITECTURE IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure claims the priority benefit of Indian Patent Application No. 202421088535, filed 15 November 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to mobile communications and, more particularly, to non-terrestrial network (NTN) -user equipment (UE) detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] In wireless communications such as mobile communications under the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification, when a UE loses coverage from an onboard satellite architecture, the UE non-access stratum (NAS) security state would be not synchronized with other satellite network (s) . At the time of the present disclosure, there is no UE or network solution to solve this issue. Therefore, there is a need for a solution of NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications.SUMMARY
[0004] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0005] An objective of the present disclosure is to propose solutions or schemes that address the issue (s) described herein. More specifically, various schemes proposed in the present disclosure are believed to provide solutions pertaining to NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications. It is believed that implementations of one or more of the schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the issues described above.
[0006] In one aspect, a method may involve a UE receiving an indication from a network applying a Store and Forward (S&F) operation, with the indication indicating that the UE is about to lose a satellite coverage. In response to the receiving, the method may involve the UE performing either of the following: (a) detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure with the network; or (b) the UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure.
[0007] In another aspect, a method may involve a network node of a network applying an S&F operation and determining that a UE is about to lose a satellite coverage when the UE is attached to the network for a store-and-forward operation. In response to the determining, the method may involve the network node transmitting an indication to the UE to cause the UE to perform either of the following: (a) detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure with the network; or (b) the UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure.
[0008] In yet another aspect, an apparatus implementable in a UE may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may receive an indication from a network applying an S&F operation, with the indication indicating that the UE is about to lose a satellite coverage. In response to the receiving, the processor may perform either of the following: (a) detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure with the network; or (b) the UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure.
[0009] It is noteworthy that, although the description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks, and network topologies such as 5G NR / Beyond Fifth-Generation (B5G) mobile communications, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, 4G / Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , vehicle-to-everything (V2X) , and non-terrestrial network (NTN) communications. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a second example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a second example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0015] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0016] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ~ FIG. 4 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ~ FIG. 4.
[0018] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 involves a UE 110 in wireless communication with a wireless network 120 (e.g., a mobile network including a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , via a non-terrestrial network node 128 (e.g., a satellite) , and a terrestrial network (TN) ) , via a terrestrial network node 125 (e.g., an evolved Node-B (eNB) , a Next Generation Node-B (gNB) , or a transmission / reception point (TRP) ) which may function as an NTN gateway (GW) . In network environment 100, at a certain time NTN node 128 may be at a satellite location L1 where the Uu link for communications with UE 110 is available but there is no feeder link for communications with TN node 125. When NTN node 128 is at the satellite location L1, UE 110 may transmit mobile-originated (MO) data and control information to NTN node 128, and NTN node 128 may transmit mobile-terminated (MT) data and control information to UE 110. Conversely, at some other time, NTN node 128 may be at a satellite location L2 where the feeder link is available. When NTN node 128 is at the satellite location L2, NTN node 128 may transmit MO data and control information to TN node 125, and TN node 125 may transmit MT data and control information to NTN node 128. In some implementations, the UE 110 may be an IoT device such as an NB-IoT UE or an enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UE (e.g., a bandwidth reduced low complexity (BL) UE or a coverage enhancement (CE) UE) . In such communication environment, the UE 110, the network 120, the terrestrial network node 125, and the non-terrestrial network node 128 may implement various schemes pertaining to NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below.
[0019] It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately. Moreover, as used herein, a lower layer may refer to a layer in the 5GMM protocol stack that is lower than the radio resource control (RRC) layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio control link (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a physical (PHY) layer, or so forth.
[0020] Under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, when UE 110 is attached for store-and-forward operation and about to lose satellite coverage, network 120 may perform one or more operations, as described below.
[0021] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, network 120 may indicate to UE 110 (that UE 110 is about to lose satellite coverage when UE 110 is attached to network 120 for a store-and-forward operation) using a new information element (IE) in any NAS message from network 120 to UE 110 (e.g., registration accept message, attach accept message, tracking area update (TAU) accept message, service accept message, globally unique temporary identifier (GUTI) reallocation command, configuration update command, and the like) . Under the proposed scheme, a new indication may inform UE 110 about whether UE 110 is accessing split Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access &Mobility Function (AMF) / 6th Generation Core Network (6GCN) architecture or full onboard Evolved Packet Core (EPC) / 5th Generation Core (5GC) / 6th Generation Core (6GC) architecture. Alternatively, or additionally, a new indication may inform UE 110 as to whether or not UE 110 is about to lose satellite coverage. Alternatively, or additionally, a new indication may inform UE 110 as to whether a detach procedure is required or not when UE 110 loses satellite coverage.
[0022] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, network 120 may indicate to UE 110 (that UE 110 is about to lose satellite coverage when UE 110 is attached to network 120 for a store-and-forward operation) using a new IE in any access stratum (AS) message from network 120 to UE 110 (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) connection set up, system information block (SIB) , master information block (MIB) , RRC reconfiguration message, and the like) . For instance, a new indication may inform UE 110 as to whether or not UE 110 is accessing split MME / AMF / 6GCN architecture or full onboard EPC / 5GC / 6GC architecture. Alternatively, or additionally, a new indication may inform UE 110 as to whether or not UE 110 is about to lose satellite coverage. Alternatively, or additionally, a new indication may inform UE 110 as to whether a detach procedure is required or not when UE 110 loses satellite coverage.
[0023] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, network 120 may send an existing cause (e.g., cause #15 or cause #78 or the like) or a new cause (e.g., Store-and-forward services terminated) in any message from network 120 to UE 110 (e.g. a network-initiated deregistration request or detach request or the like) .
[0024] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, when UE 110 receives an indication (that UE 110 is about to lose satellite coverage when UE 110 is attached to network 120 for a store-and-forward operation) in a new IE either in NAS or AS message, UE 110 may perform a UE-initiated deregistration procedure. In addition, UE 110 may check whether or not UE 110 has sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated deregistration procedure. In case that UE 110 already lost satellite coverage or is about to lose satellite coverage (e.g., not having sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated deregistration procedure) , UE 110 may perform detach locally.
[0025] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, when UE 110 receives a new cause in existing message (e.g., network-initiated deregistration request or the like) from network 120, UE 110 may perform one or more operation. For instance, UE 110 may enter an Evolved Packet System (EPS) Mobility Management (EMM) -deregistered state in an EPS, a 5th Generation Mobility Management (5GMM) -deregistered state in a 5th Generation System (5GS) , or a 6th Generation Mobility Management (6GMM) -Deregistered state in a 6th Generation System (6GS) . Alternatively, or additionally, UE 110 may choose a suitable substate (e.g., NO-cell state, public land mobile network (PLMN) -search state, limited-service state or the like) . Alternatively, or additionally, UE 110 may delete a last visited registered tracking area identity (TAI) and / or TAI list and / or 4th Generation globally unique temporary identifier (4G-GUTI) and / or 5th Generation globally unique temporary identifier (5G-GUTI) and / or 6th Generation globally unique temporary identifier (6G-GUTI) and / or EPS key set identifier (eKSI) and / or next-generation key set identifier (ngKSI) and / or 6th Generation key set identifier (6GKSI) . Alternatively, or additionally, UE 110 may reset one or more attempt counters (e.g., registration attempt counter, service request attempt counter, attach attempt counter, TAU attempt counter and the like) . Alternatively, or additionally, in case that a new cause is received when UE 110 is not operating in the store-and-forward mode (e.g., UE 110 is registered to a TN cell (non-satellite cell) or standalone non-public network (SNPN) cell or non-3GPP access, then UE 110 may treat a new case as an abnormal case and perform an abnormal case handling procedure as described below.
[0026] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, with respect to abnormal case handling, UE 110 may delete a TAI list, a last visited registered TAI and a list of equivalent PLMNs (if any) or a list of equivalent SNPNs (if any) , and UE 110 may set the EPS / 5GS / 6GS update status to EU2 / 5U2 / 6U2 NOT UPDATED and start timer T3502 / T3402 / T3602. If UE 110 is not registering or has not registered to the same PLMN over both 3GPP access and non-3GPP access, UE 110 may additionally delete the 4G / 5G / 6G-GUTI and ngKSI.
[0027] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, with respect to abnormal case handling, a UE (e.g., UE 110) not supporting S1 / N1 / 6G mode may enter the state xMM-DEREGISTERED. PLMN-SEARCH (x = 4, 5, 6 or another value) in order to perform a PLMN selection or SNPN selection according to 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 23.122 [5] . Otherwise, the UE may enter the state xMM-DEREGISTERED. ATTEMPTING-REGISTRATION (x = 4, 5, 6 or another value) .
[0028] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, with respect to abnormal case handling, if the de-registration request is for 3GPP access only or for both 3GPP access and non-3GPP access and UE 110 is operating in the single-registration mode, then UE 110 may perform certain operations. For instance, UE 110 may enter the state xMM-DEREGISTERED (x = 4, 5, 6 or another value) and attempt to select E-UTRAN / N1 / 6G radio access technology and proceed with the appropriate EMM / 5GMM / 6GMM specific procedures. In such cases, UE 110 may disable the EUTRA / N1 / 6G mode capability. Alternatively, UE 110 may enter the state xMM-DEREGISTERED. PLMN-SEARCH (x = 4, 5, 6 or another value) in order to perform a PLMN selection according to 3GPP TS 23.122 [5] .
[0029] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, with respect to abnormal case handling, if the message was received via 3GPP access and UE 110 is operating in the single-registration mode, then UE 110 may set the EPS update status to EU2 NOT UPDATED, enter the state EMM-DEREGISTERED, and delete the EMM parameters 4G-GUTI, last visited registered TAI, TAI list and eKSI. Illustrative Implementations
[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 200 having at least an example apparatus 210 and an example apparatus 220 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above, including network environment 100, as well as processes described below.
[0031] Each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a network apparatus or a UE (e.g., UE 110) , such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a vehicular device or a vehicle, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, an electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a roadside unit (RSU) , a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 210 and / or apparatus 220 may be implemented in an eNB in an LTE, LTE-Advanced or LTE-Advanced Pro network or in a gNB or TRP in a 5G network, an NR network, or an IoT network.
[0032] In some implementations, each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors, or one or more reduced-instruction-set-computing (RISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may be implemented in or as a network apparatus or a UE. Each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 2 such as a processor 212 and a processor 222, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 are neither shown in FIG. 2 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0033] In one aspect, each of processor 212 and processor 222 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC or RISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 212 and processor 222, each of processor 212 and processor 222 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 212 and processor 222 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 212 and processor 222 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged, and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0034] In some implementations, apparatus 210 may also include a transceiver 216 coupled to processor 212. Transceiver 216 may be capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 216 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of wireless networks of different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some implementations, transceiver 216 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 216 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. In some implementations, apparatus 220 may also include a transceiver 226 coupled to processor 222. Transceiver 226 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 226 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs / wireless networks of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 226 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 226 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for MIMO wireless communications.
[0035] In some implementations, apparatus 210 may further include a memory 214 coupled to processor 212 and capable of being accessed by processor 212 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 220 may further include a memory 224 coupled to processor 222 and capable of being accessed by processor 222 and storing data therein. Each of memory 214 and memory 224 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 214 and memory 224 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 214 and memory 224 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0036] Each of apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 210, as a UE (e.g., UE 110) , and apparatus 220, as a network node (e.g., NTN node 128 or TN node 125) of a network (e.g., wireless network 120) , is provided below in the context of example processes 300 and 400. Illustrative Processes
[0037] FIG. 3 illustrates an example process 300 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 300 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 300 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 300 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 300 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 300 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 3 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 300 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 300 may be implemented by or in apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 300 is described below in the context of apparatus 210 as a UE (e.g., UE 110) and apparatus 220 as a communication entity such as a network node (e.g., NTN node 128 or TN node 125) of a network (e.g., wireless network 120) . Process 300 may begin at block 310.
[0038] At 310, process 300 may involve processor 212 of apparatus 210, as UE 110, receiving, via transceiver 216, an indication from a network (e.g., wireless network 120 via apparatus 220 as non-terrestrial network node 128 or terrestrial network node 125) an S&F, with the indication indicating that the UE is about to lose a satellite coverage. Process 300 may proceed from 310 to 320.
[0039] At 320, process 300 may involve processor 212, responsive to the receiving, performing, via transceiver 216, either of the following: (a) detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure with the network; or (b) the UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure.
[0040] In some implementations, in receiving the indication, process 300 may involve processor 212 receiving the indication in an IE in a NAS or AS message.
[0041] In some implementations, in receiving the indication, process 300 may involve processor 212 receiving an information or a cause for the S&F operation in a network-initiated deregistration request or detach request.
[0042] In some implementations, in response to receiving the indication in the new cause, process 300 may further involve processor 212 entering an EMM-deregistered state in an EPS, a 5GMM-deregistered state in a 5GS or a 6GMM-deregistered state in a 6GS.
[0043] In some implementations, in response to receiving the indication in the new cause, process 300 may further involve processor 212 choosing a no-cell state, a PLMN-search state, or a limited-service state.
[0044] In some implementations, in response to receiving the indication in the new cause, process 300 may further involve processor 212 deleting at least one of the following: (1) a last visited registered TAI, (2) a TAI list, (3) a 4G-GUTI, (4) a 5G-GUTI, (5) a 6G-GUTI, (6) an eKSI, (7) a ngKSI, or (8) a 6gKSI.
[0045] In some implementations, in response to receiving the indication in the new cause, process 300 may further involve processor 212 resetting one or more attempt counters comprising at least one of the following: (1) a registration attempt counter, (2) a service request attempt counter, (3) an attach attempt counter, or (4) a TAU attempt counter.
[0046] In some implementations, in response to receiving the indication in the new cause, process 300 may further involve processor 212 performing an abnormal case handling procedure responsive to receiving the indication or the cause for the S&F operation when the UE is not operating in a store-and-forward mode.
[0047] In some implementations, in performing the abnormal case handling procedure, process 300 may involve processor 212 performing one or more of the following: (a) deleting a last visited registered TAI, a TAI list, a list of equivalent PLMNs if any, or a list of equivalent SNPNs if any; (b) setting an EPS or 5GS or 6GS update status to EU2 or 5U2 or 6U2 NOT UPDATED; (c) starting a timer T3502 or T3402 or T3602; and (d) deleting a 44G or 5G or 6G GUTI and a ngKSI.
[0048] FIG. 4 illustrates an example process 400 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 400 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 400 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to NTN-UE detach for onboard satellite architecture in mobile communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 400 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 400 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 400 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 4 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 400 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 400 may be implemented by or in apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 400 is described below in the context of apparatus 210 as a UE (e.g., UE 110) and apparatus 220 as a communication entity such as a network node (e.g., NTN node 128 or TN node 125) of a network (e.g., wireless network 120) . Process 400 may begin at block 410.
[0049] At 410, process 400 may involve processor 222 of apparatus 220, as a network node (e.g., NTN node 128 or TN node 125) , applying an S&F operation and determining that a UE (e.g., apparatus 210 as UE 110) is about to lose a satellite coverage when the UE is attached to the network for a store-and-forward operation. Process 400 may proceed from 410 to 420.
[0050] At 420, process 400 may involve processor 222, in response to the determining, transmitting, via transceiver 226, an indication to the UE to cause the UE to perform either of the following: (a) detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure with the network; or (b) the UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure.
[0051] In some implementations, in transmitting the indication, process 400 may involve processor 222 transmitting the indication in an IE in a NAS or AS message.
[0052] In some implementations, the NAS message may include a registration accept message, attach accept message, TAU accept message, service accept message, GUTI reallocation command, or configuration update command.
[0053] In some implementations, the AS message may include a RRC connection setup, SIB, MIB, or RRC reconfiguration message.
[0054] In some implementations, the indication may inform the UE about whether or not the UE is accessing split MME, AMF or 6GCN architecture or full onboard EPC, 5GC or 6GC architecture.
[0055] In some implementations, the indication may inform the UE about whether or not detach is required when the UE loses the satellite coverage.
[0056] In some implementations, the indication may include an existing cause, and wherein the existing cause comprises cause #15 or cause #78.
[0057] In some implementations, the indication may include a new cause indicating store-and-forward services terminated.
[0058] In some implementations, in transmitting the indication, process 400 may involve processor 222 transmitting an information or a cause for the S&F operation in a network-initiated deregistration request or detach request. Additional Notes
[0059] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0060] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0061] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0062] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:receiving, by a processor of a user equipment (UE) , an indication from a network applying a Store and Forward (S&F) operation, with the indication indicating that the UE is about to lose a satellite coverage; andresponsive to the receiving, performing, by the processor, either of:detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure with the network; orthe UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the receiving of the indication comprises receiving the indication in an information element (IE) in a non-access stratum (NAS) or access stratum (AS) message.3.The method of Claim 1, wherein the receiving of the indication comprises receiving an information or a cause for the S&F operation in a network-initiated deregistration request or detach request.4.The method of Claim 3, further comprising:entering, by the processor, an Evolved Packet System (EPS) Mobility Management (EMM) -deregistered state in an EPS, a 5th Generation Mobility Management (5GMM) -deregistered state in a 5th Generation System (5GS) , or a 6th Generation Mobility Management (6GMM) -deregistered state in a 6th Generation System (6GS) .5.The method of Claim 3, further comprising:choosing, by the processor, a no-cell state, a public land mobile network (PLMN) -search state, or a limited-service state.6.The method of Claim 3, further comprising:deleting, by the processor, at least one of:a last visited registered tracking area identity (TAI) ,a TAI list,a 4th Generation globally unique temporary identifier (4G-GUTI) ,a 5th Generation globally unique temporary identifier (5G-GUTI) ,a 6th Generation globally unique temporary identifier (6G-GUTI) ,an Evolved Packet System (EPS) key set identifier (eKSI) ,a next-generation key set identifier (ngKSI) , ora 6th Generation key set identifier (6gKSI) .7.The method of Claim 3, further comprising:resetting, by the processor, one or more attempt counters comprising at least one of:a registration attempt counter,a service request attempt counter,an attach attempt counter, ora tracking area update (TAU) attempt counter.8.The method of Claim 3, further comprising:performing, by the processor, an abnormal case handling procedure responsive to receiving the indication or the cause for the S&F operation when the UE is not operating in a store-and-forward mode.9.The method of Claim 8, wherein the performing of the abnormal case handling procedure comprises performing one or more of:deleting a last visited registered tracking area identity (TAI) , a TAI list, a list of equivalent public land mobile networks (PLMNs) if any, or a list of equivalent standalone non-public networks (SNPNs) if any;setting an Evolved Packet System (EPS) or 5th Generation System (5GS) or 6th Generation System (6GS) update status to EU2 or 5U2 or 6U2 NOT UPDATED;starting a timer T3502 or T3402 or T3602; anddeleting a 4th Generation (4G) or 5th Generation (5G) or 6th Generation (6G) globally unique temporary identifier (GUTI) and a next-generation key set identifier (ngKSI) .10.A method, comprising:determining, by a processor of a network node of a network applying a Store and Forward (S&F) operation, that a user equipment (UE) is about to lose a satellite coverage when the UE is attached to the network for a store-and-forward operation; andresponsive to the determining, transmitting, by the processor, an indication to the UE to cause the UE to perform either of:detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure with the network; orthe UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach of deregistration procedure.11.The method of Claim 10, wherein the transmitting of the indication comprises transmitting the indication in an information element (IE) in a non-access stratum (NAS) or access stratum (AS) message.12.The method of Claim 11, wherein the NAS message comprises a registration accept message, attach accept message, tracking area update (TAU) accept message, service accept message, globally unique temporary identifier (GUTI) reallocation command, or configuration update command.13.The method of Claim 11, wherein the AS message comprises a radio resource control (RRC) connection setup, system information block (SIB) , master information block (MIB) , or RRC reconfiguration message.14.The method of Claim 10, wherein the indication informs the UE about whether or not the UE is accessing split Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Access and Mobility Function (AMF) or 6th Generation Core Network (6GCN) architecture or full onboard Evolved Packet Core (EPC) , 5th Generation Core (5GC) or 6th Generation Core (6GC) architecture.15.The method of Claim 10, wherein the indication informs the UE about whether or not detach is required when the UE loses the satellite coverage.16.The method of Claim 10, wherein the indication comprises an existing cause, and wherein the existing cause comprises cause #15 or cause #78.17.The method of Claim 10, wherein the indication comprises a new cause indicating store-and-forward services terminated.18.The method of Claim 10, wherein the transmitting of the indication comprises transmitting an information or a cause for the S&F operation in a network-initiated deregistration request or detach request.19.An apparatus implementable in a user equipment (UE) , comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising:receiving, via the transceiver, an indication from a network applying a Store and Forward (S&F) operation, with the indication indicating that the UE is about to lose a satellite coverage; andresponsive to the receiving, performing, via the transceiver, either of:detaching or deregistering locally responsive to either the UE already having lost the satellite coverage or there being no sufficient time to perform a UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure with the network; orthe UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure responsive to the UE having not lost the satellite coverage and there being sufficient time to perform the UE-initiated detach or deregistration procedure.20.The apparatus of Claim 19, wherein the receiving of the indication comprises receiving an information or a cause for the S&F operation in a network-initiated deregistration request or detach request.