Data transmission method and communication apparatus

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a data transmission method and a communication apparatus. The method relates to the technical field of communications, and comprises: a terminal device sending first data, wherein the first data is encoded in a first encoding mode; and the terminal device sending second data, wherein the second data is determined by means of performing LDGM superposition coding on a plurality of first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data. The present application facilitates a reduction in the overheads of data block retransmission resources under the conditions of limited resources and a limited packet delay budget.

Description

Data transmission method and communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411687208.5, filed on November 22, 2024, entitled "Data Transmission Method and Communication Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to data transmission methods and communication devices. Background Technology

[0003] For high-throughput, low-latency services, a data packet needs to be transmitted within the packet delay budget (PDB). However, due to the inherent uncertainty of air interface transmission, multiple transport blocks (TBs) corresponding to a single data packet (the data transmission granularity at the air interface physical layer is TB) need to be retransmitted when erroneous transmission occurs. But because the packet delay budget is typically short, the retransmission opportunities for some TBs are limited, and retransmission also consumes additional resources. This further makes timely and accurate transmission of a complete data packet a challenge under limited resources and a limited packet delay budget. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a data transmission method and a communication device. Based on the method described in this application, it is beneficial to reduce the overhead of data block retransmission resources under limited resources and limited data packet latency budget.

[0005] Firstly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, which can be applied to the terminal side, such as a terminal or a communication module / processing module in the terminal, or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip), or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for processing functions (such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)). Taking the application of this method to a terminal as an example, in this method:

[0006] The terminal device sends first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0007] The terminal device sends second data, which is determined by low-density generator matrix (LDGM) superposition encoding based on multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0008] Using the above method, the terminal device initially transmits first data to the access network device. This first data can be encoded using the first encoding method. Due to the inherent uncertainty of air interface transmission, in the event of an error transmission, the terminal device needs to retransmit the erroneous data block (i.e., repeat the transmission). The erroneous data block can then be referred to as multiple retransmitted first data blocks within the first data. Because the data packet delay budget is typically short, the retransmission opportunity for the first data block is limited, and retransmission also consumes additional resources. Therefore, under limited resources and a limited data packet delay budget, the terminal device can perform LDGM superposition encoding on multiple retransmitted first data blocks within the first data to determine the second data. Directly transmitting the second data achieves a one-time transmission of multiple retransmitted first data blocks, reducing the resource overhead of data block retransmission. Furthermore, the use of LDGM superposition encoding further improves transmission efficiency, ensuring timely and accurate transmission of a complete data packet.

[0009] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0010] In this embodiment, since LDGM has low density characteristics, the superposition encoding process of multiple data blocks to be retransmitted is more efficient than the superposition encoding process of the initial transmission, thereby improving data transmission efficiency.

[0011] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0012] In the embodiments of this application, the effective encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted can be guaranteed, thereby improving transmission efficiency.

[0013] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0014] In the embodiments of this application, the effective encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted can be guaranteed, thereby improving transmission efficiency.

[0015] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0016] In this embodiment, since the reliability of transmission varies under different column weight transmission conditions, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding can be dynamically adjusted according to error conditions (such as the number of first data blocks). This approach improves the flexibility of the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding.

[0017] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding are pre-configured, or indicated by downlink control information (DCI) or medium access control element (MAC CE).

[0018] In the embodiments of this application, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding can be flexibly configured.

[0019] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0020] In this embodiment, the so-called basis matrix is ​​a linearly independent set of vectors that can generate the entire vector space. This means that any vector in this vector space can be linearly combined with the vectors in the basis matrix. Since the column weights and the number of first data blocks in the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM superposition encoding are relatively large in actual systems, the dimension of the LDGM encoding matrix is ​​also relatively large. The actual matrix can be obtained by cyclically shifting the basis matrix. This method makes determining the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM superposition encoding more convenient and simple.

[0021] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0022] In the embodiments of this application, the data transmission method proposed in the embodiments of this application can be used in various scenarios (the first data is encoded into multiple CBs, or the first data is encoded into multiple RV versions, or the first data is encoded into multiple CBG / TBs), which is beneficial to expanding the application scenarios of the method.

[0023] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block. This approach ensures the effectiveness and rationality of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding, thereby improving transmission efficiency.

[0024] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks. This approach ensures the flexibility and rationality of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding, improving transmission efficiency.

[0025] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either block Markov superposition transmission (BMST) encoding or low-density parity check (LDPC) encoding. Since BMST or LDPC encoding is based on sliding window chain-like superposition transmission, such encoding methods are beneficial for improving the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0026] In one possible design, the method further includes: the terminal device receiving first information, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0027] In this embodiment, the terminal device can receive the number or proportion of the first data blocks that have been transmitted incorrectly, which is more conducive to ensuring successful data transmission.

[0028] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, which can be applied to the network side, such as access network equipment, modules (e.g., circuits, chips, or chip systems) within the access network equipment, or logical nodes, logical modules, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the access network equipment. Taking the application of this method to an access network equipment as an example, in this method:

[0029] The access network device receives first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0030] The access network device receives second data, which is determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0031] In the embodiments of this application, the beneficial effects of possible implementations of the second aspect can be referred to the beneficial effects of possible implementations of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0032] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0033] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0034] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0035] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0036] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by DCI or MAC CE.

[0037] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0038] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0039] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

[0040] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

[0041] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either BMST encoding or LDPC encoding.

[0042] In one possible design, the method further includes: the access network device sending first information, which is used to indicate the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0043] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method that can be applied to the network side, such as access network devices, modules (e.g., circuits, chips, or chip systems) within the access network devices, or logical nodes, logical modules, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the access network devices. Taking the application of this method to an access network device as an example, in this method:

[0044] The access network device sends first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0045] The access network device sends second data, which is determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0046] In this embodiment, the access network device initially transmits first data to the terminal device. This first data can be encoded using a first encoding method. Due to the inherent uncertainty of air interface transmission, in the event of an error transmission, the access network device needs to retransmit the erroneous data block (i.e., repeat the transmission). The erroneous data block can then be referred to as multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted within the first data. Because the data packet delay budget is typically short, the retransmission opportunity for the first data block is limited, and retransmission also consumes additional resources. Therefore, under limited resources and a limited data packet delay budget, the access network device can determine the second data based on LDGM superposition encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted within the first data. Directly transmitting the second data enables the one-time transmission of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted, reducing the overhead of data block retransmission resources. Furthermore, the use of LDGM superposition encoding further improves transmission efficiency, ensuring timely and accurate transmission of a complete data packet.

[0047] The beneficial effects of other possible implementations of the third aspect can be found in the beneficial effects of the possible implementations of the first aspect, and will not be elaborated here.

[0048] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0049] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0050] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0051] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0052] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by the downlink control information (DCI) or the media access control unit (MAC CE).

[0053] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0054] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0055] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

[0056] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

[0057] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either BMST encoding or LDPC encoding.

[0058] In one possible design, the method further includes: the access network device receiving first information, which is used to indicate the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0059] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method that can be applied to the terminal side, such as a terminal or a communication module / processing module within the terminal, or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip), or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for processing functions (such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)). Taking the application of this method to a terminal as an example, in this method:

[0060] The terminal device receives first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0061] The terminal device receives second data, which is determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0062] In the embodiments of this application, the beneficial effects of possible implementations of the fourth aspect can be referred to the beneficial effects of possible implementations of the third aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0064] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0065] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0066] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0067] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by the downlink control information (DCI) or the media access control unit (MAC CE).

[0068] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0069] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0070] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

[0071] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

[0072] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either BMST encoding or LDPC encoding.

[0073] In one possible design, the method further includes: the terminal device sending first information, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0074] Fifthly, this application provides a communication device that has the functions of the first aspect described above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means that perform the operations involved in the first aspect. These modules, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0075] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a communication device that has the functions of the second aspect described above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means that perform the operations involved in the second aspect described above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0076] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a communication device that has the functions of the third aspect described above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means that perform the operations involved in the first aspect described above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0077] Eighthly, this application provides a communication device that has the functions of the fourth aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means that perform the operations involved in the second aspect above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0078] Ninthly, this application provides a communication device including an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory stores part or all of the necessary computer program or instructions for implementing the functions described in the first or fourth aspect above. The one or more processors are executable to carry out the computer program or instructions, causing the communication device to implement the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect above when executed. The interface circuit is used to implement the communication functions within the communication device and / or the communication functions between the communication device and other devices or components.

[0079] In one possible design, the processor is used to communicate with other devices or components through the interface circuit.

[0080] In one possible design, the communication device may also include the memory.

[0081] The aforementioned communication device may be a terminal, or a communication / processing module in the terminal, or a chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module, or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for processing functions (such as a GPU, AI processor, or ASIC).

[0082] Tenthly, this application provides a communication device including an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory stores part or all of the necessary computer program or instructions for implementing the functions described in the second or third aspect above. The one or more processors are executable to the computer program or instructions, which, when executed, cause the communication device to implement the methods in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect above. The interface circuit is used to implement the communication functions within the communication device and / or the communication functions between the communication device and other devices or components.

[0083] In one possible design, the processor is used to communicate with other devices or components through the interface circuit.

[0084] In one possible design, the communication device may also include the memory.

[0085] The aforementioned communication device may be an access network device, or a module (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) in the access network device, or a logical node, logical module, or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the access network device.

[0086] Eleventhly, this application provides a communication system, which includes a terminal device and an access network device. The terminal device is used to execute the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect described above, and the access network device is used to execute the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect described above; or, the access network device is used to execute the method in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect described above, and the terminal device is used to execute the method in any possible design or implementation of the fourth aspect described above.

[0087] In a twelfth aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions that, when read and executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the possible designs in the first to fourth aspects described above.

[0088] In a thirteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product that, when read and executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the possible designs in the first to fourth aspects described above. Attached Figure Description

[0089] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a possible, non-limiting communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of a possible application framework in a communication system provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of another possible application framework in a communication system provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0093] Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of a video frame transmission provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0094] Figure 4B is a schematic diagram of a BMST encoding scheme provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0095] Figure 4C is a schematic diagram of a generator matrix corresponding to BMST encoding provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0096] Figure 4D is a schematic diagram of a redundant version transmission provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0097] Figure 4E is a schematic diagram of a retransmission resource provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0098] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0099] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of an LDGM overlay encoding provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0100] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of another LDGM overlay encoding provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0101] Figure 6C is a schematic diagram of another LDGM overlay encoding provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0102] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a basis matrix cyclic shift provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0103] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0104] Figure 9 is a possible exemplary block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0105] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0106] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0107] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used only to distinguish different objects and not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0108] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0109] In this application, "at least one (item)" refers to one or more, "more than one" refers to two or more, "at least two (items)" refers to two or three or more, and "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. "Or" indicates that there can be two relationships, such as only A exists and only B exists; when A and B are not mutually exclusive, it can also mean that there are three relationships, such as only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c".

[0110] In this application, "sending information" can be understood as one device sending information to another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device sending information to another logical module. For example, "access network device sending information" can be understood as the access network device sending information to another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the access network device sending information to logical module 2 in the access network device.

[0111] In this application, "receiving information" can be understood as one device receiving information from another device, or it can also be understood as a logical module within a device receiving information from another logical module. For example, "access network device receiving information" can be understood as the access network device receiving information from another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the access network device receiving information from logical module 2 in the access network device.

[0112] In this application, phrases such as "sending information to... (e.g., a terminal)" or related illustrations in the accompanying drawings can be understood as indicating that the destination of the information is a terminal. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to a terminal. Similarly, phrases such as "receiving information from... (e.g., a terminal)," "receiving information from... (e.g., a terminal)," or "receiving information sent by (e.g., a terminal)," or related illustrations in the accompanying drawings, can be understood as indicating that the source of the information is a terminal. This can include receiving information directly or indirectly from a terminal. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be interpreted similarly and will not be elaborated further here.

[0113] To better understand the embodiments of this application, the communication system involved in the embodiments of this application will be described below:

[0114] The method provided in this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: wireless local area network (WLAN) communication systems, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) communication systems, long-term evolution (LTE) systems, internet of things (IoT) systems, narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, fourth-generation (4G) systems, fifth-generation (5G) systems, or new radio (NR) systems, and other future communication systems, such as sixth-generation (6G) systems. Among these, IoT networks may include, but are not limited to, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. The communication methods in V2X systems can be collectively referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), where X can represent anything. For example, V2X can include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication, or vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication. The method provided in this application also supports communication systems that integrate multiple wireless technologies. For example, it can be applied to systems that integrate non-terrestrial networks (NTN) with terrestrial mobile communication networks, such as drones, satellite communication systems, and high-altitude platform station (HAPS) communication. Additionally, it can be applied to low-frequency (sub-6GHz) and high-frequency (above 6GHz) communication scenarios. It is understood that the system architecture described in this application is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this application and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in this application.

[0115] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a possible, non-limiting communication system architecture applicable to embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 10 includes a radio access network (RAN) 100, a core network (CN) 200, and a data network (DN) 300. RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 120). RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1). Terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to RAN node 110. RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wired connected to core network 200. The core network devices in core network 200 and RAN node 110 in RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating core network logical functions and radio access network logical functions. The core network 200 can also be connected to the data network 300 wirelessly or via wired means.

[0116] RAN 100 can be a cellular system related to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 4G, 5G mobile communication systems, or future-oriented evolution systems. RAN 100 can also be an open RAN (O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. RAN 100 can also be a communication system that integrates two or more of the above systems.

[0117] RAN node 110, sometimes also referred to as access network equipment, RAN entity, or access node, constitutes part of the communication system and is used to help terminals achieve wireless access. Multiple RAN nodes 110 in communication system 10 can be of the same type or different types. In some scenarios, the roles of RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are relative. For example, network element 120i in Figure 1 can be a helicopter or drone, which can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j accessing RAN 100 through network element 120i, network element 120i is a base station; but for base station 110a, network element 120i is a terminal. RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are sometimes both referred to as communication devices. For example, network elements 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be understood as communication devices with base station functions, and network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication devices with terminal functions.

[0118] In one possible scenario, the RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system. The RAN node can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 1, 110a), a micro base station or indoor station (as shown in Figure 1, 110b), a relay node or donor node, or a radio controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, the RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). All or part of the functions of the RAN node in this application can also be implemented through software functions running on hardware, or through virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). The RAN node can also be equipped with communication modules, circuits, or chips that perform corresponding communication functions. The RAN node can also be configured with program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions, as well as corresponding program instructions. The RAN node in this application can also be a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the RAN node's functions.

[0119] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with each RAN node performing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CU-control plane (CPs), CU-user plane (UPs), or radio units (RUs), etc. CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).

[0120] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0121] A terminal can be a device or module that accesses the aforementioned communication system and has corresponding communication functions. A terminal can also be called a terminal device, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), extended reality (ER), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, etc. Terminals can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices (such as smartwatches, smart bracelets, pedometers, etc.), vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, transportation vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, communication modules, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the device form of the terminal. Terminals typically contain communication modules, circuits, or chips that perform the corresponding communication functions. They may also contain program instructions configured to perform these functions.

[0122] Core network equipment refers to the equipment in the core network that provides service support for terminal devices. It is primarily responsible for registration, call setup, billing, mobility management, providing user connectivity, managing users, and carrying out service delivery, data processing, and routing. Core network equipment can correspond to different devices in different communication systems. For example, in a 4G communication system, it may correspond to one or more of the following: Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc. Similarly, in a 5G communication system, it may correspond to one or more of the following: Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) network elements, Session Management Function (SMF) network elements, User Plane Function (UPF) network elements, etc. In next-generation or future communication systems, it may correspond to one or more network elements, devices, or entities that provide service support for terminal devices.

[0123] Data networks, also known as packet data networks (PDNs), can provide services such as carrier services, internet access, or third-party services, including servers. Servers can provide artificial intelligence (AI) computing power for tasks like model inference.

[0124] It should be noted that the communication system shown in Figure 1 is not limited to the terminal equipment, access network equipment, core network equipment and data network shown in the figure, but may also include other equipment not shown in the figure. These will not be listed here.

[0125] The application scenarios of this application are described below.

[0126] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2, this application can be applied to a server-network-UE network architecture. The server can provide AI computing power to the data network (DN) for model inference, etc. The network is used to transmit data and may include the core network (CN) and radio access network (RAN) mentioned above. The terminal device (e.g., UE) can be a smart robot, smart head-mounted XR glasses, video player, holographic projector, etc.

[0127] As shown in Figure 2, the 5G core network can include UPF network elements, AMF network elements, SMF network elements, policy control function (PCF) network elements, application function (AF) network elements, network exposure function (NEF) network elements, etc.

[0128] UPF network elements are mainly responsible for user plane related content, such as packet routing and transmission, mobility anchors, uplink classifiers to support routing service flows to the data network, branch points to support multi-homed protocol data unit (PDU) sessions, packet inspection, service usage reporting, QoS processing, downlink packet storage, and billing information statistics.

[0129] AMF network elements can perform access and mobility-related functions such as connection management, registration process, mobility management, access authentication and authorization management, reachability management, security context management, and SMF network element selection. In addition, they are responsible for transmitting user policies between terminal devices and PCF network elements.

[0130] The SMF (Service Provider Function) network element is primarily responsible for session management in mobile networks, selection and control of the UPF (User Provider Function) network element, selection of service and session continuity (SSC) modes, roaming, and other session-related functions. Session management can include session establishment, modification, release, and updating. Session management can also include tunnel maintenance between the UPF network element and access network equipment.

[0131] PCF network elements can be responsible for policy-related functions such as unified policy formulation, policy control provision, and obtaining policy-decision-related subscription information from unified data repository (UDR) network elements. Policy control provision can include providing services based on data flow and application detection, gating, QoS, and flow-based charging control.

[0132] AF network elements mainly support interaction with the 3GPP core network to provide services or services, and can influence service flow routing, access network capability opening, policy control, etc., and can interact with NEF network elements, etc.

[0133] The NEF (Network Element) is primarily responsible for providing secure, open 3GPP network functions, including services and capabilities, which may be internally accessible or shared with third parties. It translates or transforms information interacting with the AF (Agency Element) and internal network function interaction information, such as the AF service identifier and internal 5G core network information, including the data network name (DNN) and network slice selection assistance information (NSSAI) (single NSSAI, S-NSSAI).

[0134] Additionally, in Figure 2, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N11, N33, and Uu are interface sequence numbers. The meanings of these interface sequence numbers can be found in the definitions of relevant standard protocols, and are not limited here.

[0135] It should be understood that the above is an exemplary description of 5G core network elements and does not constitute a limitation on 5G core network elements. For example, the 5G core network may also include unified data management (UDM) network elements, authentication server function (AUSF) network elements, network data analytics function (NWDAF) network elements, network repository function (NRF) network elements, service communications proxy (SCP) network elements, etc.

[0136] To support artificial intelligence (AI) technology in wireless networks, AI nodes may also be introduced into the network.

[0137] AI nodes can be deployed in one or more of the following locations within the communication system: access network nodes (RAN nodes), terminal devices, or core network devices. Alternatively, AI nodes can be deployed independently, for example, in a location other than any of the aforementioned devices, such as in the host or cloud server of an over-the-top (OTT) system. AI nodes can communicate with other devices in the communication system, which can be one or more of the following: network devices, terminal devices, or core network elements.

[0138] It is understood that this application does not limit the number of AI nodes. For example, when there are multiple AI nodes, these nodes can be divided based on function, such as different AI nodes being responsible for different functions.

[0139] It can also be understood that AI nodes can be independent devices, or they can be integrated into the same device to achieve different functions. Alternatively, they can be network elements in hardware devices, software functions running on dedicated hardware, or virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). This application does not limit the specific form of the aforementioned AI nodes.

[0140] AI nodes can be AI network elements or AI modules.

[0141] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of a possible application framework in a communication system provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3A, network elements in the communication system are connected through interfaces (e.g., NG, Xn) or air interfaces. These network element nodes, such as core network equipment, access network nodes (RAN nodes), terminals, or one or more devices in operations administration and maintenance (OAM), are equipped with one or more AI modules (only one is shown in Figure 3A for clarity). The access network node can be a single RAN node or can include multiple RAN nodes, for example, including CU and DU. The CU and / or DU can also be equipped with one or more AI modules. The CU can also be split into CU-CP and CU-UP, and one or more AI modules are provided in the CU-CP and / or CU-UP.

[0142] AI modules are used to implement corresponding AI functions. AI modules deployed in different network elements can be the same or different. The models of AI modules can achieve different functions depending on the parameter configurations. The models of AI modules can be configured based on one or more of the following parameters: structural parameters (e.g., at least one of the following: number of neural network layers, neural network width, inter-layer connections, neuron weights, neuron activation function, or biases in the activation function), input parameters (e.g., the type and / or dimension of the input parameters), or output parameters (e.g., the type and / or dimension of the output parameters). The biases in the activation function can also be referred to as the biases of the neural network.

[0143] In one example, the neural network mentioned above can be a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), or a generative adversarial network (GAN).

[0144] Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are artificial neural network architectures with multiple layers of nonlinear transformation units stacked in a hierarchical structure to form deep computational models. Compared to shallow neural networks, deep neural networks have more hidden layers, allowing the network model to capture more complex data structures and higher-level abstract features.

[0145] A CNN is a deep neural network with a convolutional structure. A CNN contains a feature extractor consisting of convolutional layers and subsampling layers. This feature extractor can be viewed as a filter, and the convolution process can be seen as performing convolution between a trainable filter and an input image or a convolutional feature map.

[0146] RNN is a type of recursive neural network that takes sequence data as input, recursively moves along the direction of sequence evolution, and connects all nodes (recurrent units) in a chain-like manner.

[0147] GAN is a deep learning model. It consists of a generator and a discriminator, and is trained through adversarial learning. Its purpose is to estimate the potential distribution of data samples and generate new data samples.

[0148] An AI module can have one or more models. A model can infer an output, which includes one or more parameters. The learning, training, or inference processes of different models can be deployed on different nodes or devices, or they can be deployed on the same node or device.

[0149] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of another possible application framework in a communication system provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3B, the communication system includes a RAN intelligent controller (RIC). For example, the RIC can be the AI ​​module shown in Figure 3A, used to implement AI-related functions. RICs include near-real-time RICs (near-RT RICs) and non-real-time RICs (non-RT RICs). Non-real-time RICs primarily process non-real-time information, such as data that is not sensitive to latency, with latency in the order of seconds. Real-time RICs primarily process near-real-time information, such as data that is relatively sensitive to latency, with latency in the order of tens of milliseconds.

[0150] Near real-time (NRT) RICs are used for model training and inference. For example, they are used to train AI models and then use those models for inference. NRT RICs can obtain network-side and / or terminal-side information from RAN nodes (e.g., CUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, DUs, and / or RUs) and / or terminals. This information can be used as training data or inference data. NRT RICs can deliver inference results to RAN nodes and / or terminals. Inference results can be exchanged between CUs and DUs, and / or between DUs and RUs. For example, a NRT RIC delivers an inference result to a DU, which then forwards it to an RU.

[0151] Non-real-time RICs are also used for model training and inference. For example, they are used to train AI models and then use those models for inference. Non-real-time RICs can obtain network-side and / or terminal-side information from RAN nodes (e.g., CUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, DUs, and / or RUs) and / or terminals. This information can be used as training data or inference data, and the inference results can be delivered to RAN nodes and / or terminals. Inference results can be exchanged between CUs and DUs, and / or between DUs and RUs; for example, a non-real-time RIC delivers inference results to a DU, which then forwards them to an RU.

[0152] Near real-time RICs and non-real-time RICs can also be configured as separate network elements. Near real-time RICs and non-real-time RICs can also be part of other devices. For example, near real-time RICs can be set in RAN nodes (e.g., CU, DU), while non-real-time RICs can be set in OAM, cloud servers, core network devices, or other network devices.

[0153] To facilitate understanding of the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application, the relevant concepts involved in the embodiments of this application are introduced below:

[0154] 1. Extended Reality (XR)

[0155] In recent years, with the continuous development of fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, data transmission latency has been continuously reduced, and transmission capacity has been increasing. 5G communication systems are gradually penetrating into multimedia services with high real-time requirements and large data capacity, such as video transmission, cloud gaming (CG), and extended reality (XR), including virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). With the rapid increase in communication transmission speed, real-time video transmission has gradually become one of the core services in current networks. The continuous progress and improvement of extended reality technology has also led to the vigorous development of related industries. Today, VR technology, as a type of XR, has entered various fields closely related to people's production and life, such as education, entertainment, military, medical care, environmental protection, transportation, and public health. Compared with traditional video services, VR has advantages such as multiple perspectives and strong interactivity, providing users with a completely new visual experience. In addition to smartphones, people increasingly hope to enhance their XR experience through user devices (UEs) such as head-mounted displays (HMDs) or smart glasses (such as VR glasses and AR glasses). With increasingly stringent requirements for video transmission quality, and the further development of extended reality and the tactile internet, ensuring quality of experience (QoE) and quality of service (QoS) has become a key research focus.

[0156] With the development of XR technology, the uplink transmission rate requirements for XR services are also increasing. For example, AR uplink requires the transmission of images and even videos. According to industry assessments, the uplink transmission rate required for a basic AR experience is about 2Mbps, while advanced experiences require up to 10Mbps. In the uplink transmission of XR or video services, for the transmission of each video frame, as shown in Figure 4A, the common practice is to divide a single frame into dozens of Internet Protocol (IP) packets at the network transport layer, for example, 50 IP packets. These packets are transmitted by the UE to the base station side of the access network (RAN), then through the core network, and finally to the cloud server for rendering. During network transmission, if an IP packet is transmitted incorrectly, the entire frame cannot be recovered.

[0157] To address transmission requirements, XR services demand low latency, meaning that XR video frames need to be transmitted from the server to the UE within a certain timeframe. For example, considering an end-to-end latency of 70ms for an XR service (from UE sending to server receiving), the air interface transmission delay budget from the UE to the RAN is typically 10ms. When air interface congestion occurs, the waiting time for XR video frames in the UE's buffer may exceed the delay budget.

[0158] 2. Overlay transmission technology

[0159] Superposition transmission technology is a coding scheme for block Markov superposition transmission (BMST). The transmitting end divides the data block into multiple sub-blocks and encodes each sub-block using existing 5G NR low-density parity check codes (LDPC) to obtain corresponding codewords. The previous codeword is interleaved with the current codeword, and a bit XOR operation is performed to superimpose them. The superimposed codeword is used as the actual codeword sequence to be transmitted. This method forms a sliding-window-based chain superposition transmission. The receiving end then decodes the data using a sliding-window-based decoding algorithm. As shown in Figure 4B, an information bit sequence u1 is encoded using LDPC to obtain a codeword sequence c1. Since it is the first codeword sequence, no superposition is needed, and the corresponding transmitted v1 sequence is the c1 sequence. Similarly, information bit sequence u2 is encoded using LDPC to obtain a codeword sequence c2. By performing bit selection and interleaving of the previous codeword sequence c1, it is superimposed onto the bits of codeword sequence c2 to obtain the actual transmitted superimposed codeword sequence v2. Similarly, u3 and u4 are processed in the same way to obtain the v3 and v4 superimposed codeword sequences. Based on the maximum superposition length, a corresponding superposition transmission threshold is determined. For example, if a maximum of k information sequences are allowed to be superimposed and transmitted, then the maximum transmission length is uk, and the corresponding actual transmitted codewords are v1 to vk.

[0160] Based on the above description, the generator matrix for superimposed transmission can be given, as shown in Figure 4C. It can be seen that each codeword is formed by XORing the encoded bit sequence obtained by multiplying the previous information bit sequence by the generator sub-matrix GS and the encoded bit sequence obtained by multiplying the current information bit sequence by the generator sub-matrix G. Here, S represents the interleaving operation on the information bits.

[0161] For decoding, a sliding window decoding algorithm is used, considering joint decoding of multiple received sequences within the decoding window. Taking a decoding window length of 2 as an example, considering that the window contains y... (t) and y(t+1 The soft information sequence of two codewords, for the t-th codeword, using the soft information sequence y (t) And the superimposed transmission codeword soft information sequence y (t+1) soft extrinsic information z 1→0 A hard decision is made to obtain the corresponding real codeword c(t). c(t) is then used as input to an NR LDPC decoder for decoding, yielding the information bit sequence u(t). Finally, y... (t) Corresponding soft information z 0→1 During the decoding process of the (t+1)th codeword, for the (t+1)th codeword, the soft information sequence y is used. (t+1) And the superimposed transmission codeword soft information sequence y (t) soft extrinsic information z 0→1 Make a hard decision to obtain the corresponding real codeword c(t+1), and use c(t+1) as input to the NR LDPC decoder for decoding to obtain the information bit sequence u(t+1).

[0162] This decoding algorithm makes full use of the soft information associated with the preceding and following codewords to perform information transmission decoding, which can improve decoding performance. The superimposed codewords contain the soft information of the previous codeword, which is equivalent to the effect of retransmission. At the same time, it does not rely on feedback and reduces latency.

[0163] 3. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) mechanism

[0164] HARQ is a technique that combines forward error correction (FEC) coding with automatic repeat request (ARQ). If decoding fails, the receiver saves the received data and requests the sender to retransmit it. The receiver then merges the retransmitted data with the previously received data before decoding.

[0165] The HARQ mechanism employs a multi-process stop-and-wait protocol. While one process is waiting for acknowledgment, the sender can use another process to continue sending information. Similarly, while the receiver is processing information received by one process, it can use another process to continue receiving information. Multiple HARQ processes process in parallel, forming a single HARQ entity. Each uplink or downlink carrier corresponds to one HARQ entity. 3GPP TS 38.214 defines a maximum of 16 HARQ processes per HARQ entity. For the downlink direction, the base station can configure the maximum number of processes supported by the UE using the higher-layer signaling parameter `nrofHARQ-ProcessesForPDSCH`, with values ​​ranging from {2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 16}. If the configuration parameter is empty, the default maximum number of downlink HARQ processes is 8. For the uplink direction, the maximum number of HARQ processes supported per carrier is always 16. HARQ needs to determine whether the transmission was successful based on the feedback information (ACK / NACK) from the receiving end. ACK (acknowledgement) indicates successful transmission, while NACK (negative acknowledgement) indicates failed transmission.

[0166] In case of transmission failure, retransmission is required. In NR (Radio Redirection), soft combining schemes can be divided into chase combining (CC) and incremental redundancy (IR), depending on whether the retransmitted bit information is the same as the initial transmission (i.e., whether the redundancy version (RV) of the encoded information sent in each retransmission is the same). In chase combining, the retransmitted bit information is the same as the initial transmission, while in incremental redundancy, the retransmitted bit information does not need to be the same as the initial transmission. Compared to the energy gain from repeated transmissions at the receiver obtained by CC combining, IR combining can also obtain additional coding gain from combining different RV versions, thereby reducing the decoding threshold.

[0167] 4. Redundant Version (RV)

[0168] The RV divides the redundant bits generated by the encoder into several groups. Each RV defines a transmission start point. The initial transmission and each subsequent HARQ use different RVs to gradually accumulate redundant bits and complete the incremental redundancy HARQ operation. Taking IR combining as an example, please refer to Figure 4D. Figure 4D is a schematic diagram of a redundant version transmission provided by an embodiment of this application. The channel-coded data TB includes basic data corresponding to the system bits (S) and redundant data corresponding to the redundant bits (P). This data is placed in a circular buffer. The four RV versions, RV0, RV1, RV2, and RV3, indicate that data is obtained from the circular buffer from different positions. The lower right corner of Figure 4D shows the time-domain resource length occupied by each RV when performing four repeated transmissions (i.e., retransmissions) according to the (0,2,3,1) redundant version. In the current NR standard, the number of aggregation time slots corresponding to each repeated transmission is the same, so the time-domain resource length occupied by each RV is also the same.

[0169] 5. Low-density generator matrix (LDGM)

[0170] LDGM codes are error-correcting codes, belonging to the category of linear block codes, and have important applications in modern communication and storage systems. The main purpose of error-correcting codes is to detect and correct errors in data during transmission or storage.

[0171] For the generator matrix of LDGM, the generation of LDGM codes is based on the generator matrix. The number of rows in the generator matrix represents the number of information bits, and the number of columns represents the length of the codeword (encoded information). In LDGM codes, the generator matrix is ​​low-density, which means that there are relatively few non-zero elements in the matrix.

[0172] Meanwhile, LDGM codes possess low-density characteristics, making the encoding process relatively efficient in computation. Because there are few non-zero elements, the number of addition and multiplication operations involved in matrix multiplication (generating codewords) is relatively small. This contrasts with some traditional high-complexity encoding methods, such as certain complex block codes, whose generator matrices may be full-rank, resulting in higher computational complexity during encoding.

[0173] Below is an example of LDGM encoding:

[0174] Suppose we have an information sequence u = (u0, u1, ..., u2) k-1 This needs to be LDGM encoded. Codewords c = (c0, c1, ..., c2) are generated using the generator matrix G. n-1 Assume the generating matrix G is as follows, i.e., k = 3, n = 5:

[0175] If the information sequence u = (1, 0, 1), then according to the formula... The calculated encoded sequence is c = (1, 0, 1, 0, 1).

[0176] One characteristic of LDGM coding matrices is column weight. Column weight refers to the average number of non-zero elements in each column of the LDGM code generator matrix.

[0177] The following describes the construction of two generating matrices with different column weights, namely G1 and G2. The column weight of matrix G1 is... The column weight of matrix G2 is

[0178] Based on the above, for high-throughput, low-latency services (such as XR services), as shown in Figure 4E, a data packet needs to be transmitted within a packet delay budget (PDB) (e.g., 10ms). However, due to the inherent uncertainty of air interface transmission, multiple transport blocks (TBs) corresponding to a single data packet (the data transmission granularity of the air interface physical layer is TB) need to be retransmitted when erroneous transmission occurs, in order to improve user-perceived throughput (UPT). However, because the packet delay budget is usually relatively short, the retransmission opportunities for some TBs are limited (as shown in Figure 4E, the rectangular area represents resources that are allowed to be retransmitted, while other parts are not allowed to be retransmitted), and retransmission also consumes additional resources. This further makes timely and accurate transmission of a complete data packet a challenge under limited resources and a limited packet delay budget.

[0179] Therefore, in order to reduce the overhead of data block retransmission resources under limited resources and limited data packet latency budget, this application provides a data transmission method and a communication apparatus. The data transmission method and communication apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below.

[0180] I. Uplink Transmission

[0181] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the communication method includes the following steps S501 and S502. The method execution entities shown in Figure 5 can be the terminal device and access network device mentioned above. Alternatively, the method execution entities shown in Figure 5 can be chips in the terminal device and chips in the access network device; this embodiment of the application does not impose any limitations. Figure 5 illustrates the method using terminal devices and access network devices as examples of method execution entities.

[0182] It is understood that this application uses terminal equipment and access network equipment as examples to illustrate the execution of the interaction, but this application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the method executed by the terminal equipment in this application can also be implemented by the communication / processing module in the terminal equipment or the circuit or chip (such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip), or a SoC chip / SIP chip containing a modem core, or a GPU / AI processor / ASIC) in the terminal equipment responsible for communication / processing functions; the method executed by the access network equipment in this application can also be implemented by the module (such as a circuit, chip or chip system, etc.) in the access network equipment, or a logical node, logical module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network equipment.

[0183] S501, the terminal device sends first data to the access network device, the first data being encoded using a first encoding method. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first data from the terminal device.

[0184] S502, the terminal device sends second data to the access network device, the second data being determined by LDGM overlay coding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the second data from the terminal device.

[0185] In this embodiment, for uplink transmission of high-throughput, low-latency services (such as XR services), the terminal device needs to send uplink data to the access network device within the data packet latency budget (PDB). Taking the first data as an example, the terminal device initially transmits the first data to the access network device. This first data can be encoded using a first encoding method. This first data can also be considered a data packet. It should be noted that this embodiment uses the terminal device sending data to the access network device as an example; however, the terminal device can also send data to other devices, which is not limited here.

[0186] In one possible design, the first encoding method is BMST encoding or LDPC encoding. Since BMST encoding or LDPC encoding is based on sliding window chaining transmission, such encoding methods are beneficial for improving the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0187] Because air interface transmission inherently involves uncertainty, when an error occurs, the terminal device needs to retransmit the erroneous data block (i.e., repeat the transmission). This erroneous data block can then be referred to as the first data block to be retransmitted within the first data block. However, since the data packet delay budget is typically short, the retransmission opportunities for the first data block are limited, and retransmission also consumes additional resources. If, with limited resources and a limited data packet delay budget, the terminal device still retransmits each first data block sequentially, then it cannot guarantee that the first data can be transmitted completely, accurately, and in a timely manner.

[0188] To address this problem, the solution proposed in this application is to: under limited resources and a limited data packet latency budget, to enable multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted to be successfully transmitted in one go (i.e., after one transmission) to avoid the waste of resources caused by retransmission, or to minimize the overhead of data block retransmission resources to avoid retransmission occupying too many resources, so that resources can be allocated to more initial transmissions, thereby helping to ensure timely and accurate transmission of complete data packets.

[0189] Specifically, due to the low-density characteristics of LDGM codes, the encoding process is relatively computationally efficient. Therefore, the terminal device can determine the second data by performing LDGM superposition encoding on multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted from the first data. The terminal device can then directly transmit the second data to achieve a one-time transmission of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted, reducing the overhead of data block retransmission resources. Furthermore, using LDGM superposition encoding can further improve transmission efficiency.

[0190] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding is less than that of the generator matrix corresponding to the first coding method. Taking BMST coding as an example, the generator matrix corresponding to BMST coding can be seen in Figure 4C, and the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding can be seen in the generator matrix G mentioned above in the related concept of "LDGM". It is evident that the complexity of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding is significantly less than that of the generator matrix corresponding to BMST coding; that is, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding is less than that of the generator matrix corresponding to the first coding method. Due to the low-density characteristic of LDGM, the overlay coding process for multiple retransmitted data blocks is more efficient than the overlay coding process for the initial transmission, thereby improving data transmission efficiency.

[0191] In one possible design, the first data block can be any of the following: a code block (CB) (also called a code unit), a transport block (TB), a redundant version (RV), or a code block group (CBG). It is evident that the data transmission method proposed in this application can be used in various scenarios, which is beneficial for expanding the application scenarios of this method. These scenarios are described below:

[0192] Scenario 1: The first data block is CB.

[0193] For example, as shown in Figure 6A, the terminal device initially transmits first data to the access network device. This first data can be encoded using BMST or LDPC. This first data can be encoded into multiple CBs (i.e., a CBs). If an error occurs during transmission, the CBs (i.e., CB1, CB3, CB6) in the first data that were transmitted incorrectly need to be retransmitted. Specifically, the multiple CBs to be retransmitted can be superimposed using LDGM encoding to determine the second data (v). r1 This can be completed in a single transmission, reducing the overhead of retransmission resources and helping to ensure timely and accurate transmission of complete data packets.

[0194] Scenario 2: The first data block is the RV version.

[0195] For example, as shown in Figure 6B, the terminal device initially transmits first data to the access network device. This first data can be encoded using BMST or LDPC. This first data can be encoded into multiple RV versions (i.e., RV0, RV1, RV2, RV3). If an error occurs during transmission, the RV versions (i.e., RV0, RV2, RV1) in the first data that were transmitted incorrectly need to be retransmitted. Specifically, the multiple RV versions to be retransmitted can be superimposed using LDGM encoding to determine the second data (v...). r1 This can be completed in a single transmission, reducing the overhead of retransmission resources and helping to ensure timely and accurate transmission of complete data packets.

[0196] Scenario 3: The first data block is CBG or TB.

[0197] For example, as shown in Figure 6C, the terminal device initially transmits first data to the access network device. This first data can be encoded using BMST or LDPC. This first data can be encoded into multiple CBGs (e.g., CBG-HARQ BMST overlay transmission) or TBs (i.e., CBG0 / TB0, CBG1 / TB1, CBG2 / TB2). If an error occurs during transmission, the CBGs or TBs (i.e., CBG0 / TB0, CBG1 / TB1, CBG2 / TB2) in the first data that were transmitted incorrectly need to be retransmitted. Specifically, the multiple CBGs or TBs to be retransmitted can be overlaid using LDGM encoding to determine the second data (v). r1 This can be completed in a single transmission, reducing the overhead of retransmission resources and helping to ensure timely and accurate transmission of complete data packets.

[0198] In one possible design, different column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding employ different encoding methods. The following details two LDGM retransmission overlay coding transmission design schemes with different column weights. Based on this method, effective encoding of the first data blocks to be retransmitted in multiple blocks can be guaranteed, improving transmission efficiency.

[0199] The so-called column weight refers to the average number of non-zero elements in each column of the generator matrix of the LDGM code. For details, please refer to the aforementioned explanation of the related concepts of "LDGM," which will not be repeated here.

[0200] Option 1: The column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks. The second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit position in each first data block.

[0201] For example, taking the first data block as a codeword as an example, assuming the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is 3, the number of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted is also 3, that is, three codewords (v 0 v 1 v 2 Each codeword is 4 bits long. Where, v 0 = (b1, b2, b3, b4), v 1 = (b5, b6, b7, b8), v 2 =(b9,b 10 ,b 11 ,b 12 ). Code v 0 b1 and code word v 1 b5 and codeword v 2 b9 in all of them are v 0 v 1 v 2Data at the same bit position, i.e., the data at the first bit position (called b) r1 ). Code v 0 b2 and code word v 1 b6 and codeword v 2 b 10 Both are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the second bit position (called b) r2 ). Code v 0 b3 and code word v 1 b7 and codeword v 2 b 11 All are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the third bit position (called b) r3 ). Code v 0 b4 in the code word v 1 b8 and code word v 2 b 12 All are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the fourth bit position (called b) r4 ).

[0202] The generator matrix G corresponding to LDGM superposition encoding LDGM for:

[0203] At this point, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data block, and the second data v r1 It uses the generating matrix G LDGM The result obtained by XORing and adding (i.e., bitwise superposition) all data at the same bit positions in each codeword is:

[0204] Specifically, using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 XOR the data at the first bit position of each bit (b1, b5, b9) and add them together to get v. r1 Data at the first bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2The data at all the second bit positions (b2, b6, b) 10 Perform an XOR operation and add the results to get v. r1 Data at the second bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at all the third bit positions (b3, b7, b...) 11 Perform an XOR operation and add the results to get v. r1 Data at the third bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at all fourth bit positions (b4, b8, b) 12 Perform an XOR operation and add the results to get v. r1 The data at the fourth bit position

[0205] Option 2: The column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks. The second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0206] For example, taking the first data block as a codeword, assuming the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is 2, the number of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted is also 3, that is, three codewords (v 0 v 1 v 2 Each codeword is 4 bits long. Where, v 0 = (b1, b2, b3, b4), v 1 = (b5, b6, b7, b8), v 2 =(b9,b 10 ,b 11 ,b 12 ). Code v 0 b1 and code word v 1 b5 and codeword v 2 b9 in all of them are v 0 v 1 v 2 Data at the same bit position, i.e., the data at the first bit position (called b) r1 ). Code v 0 b2 and code word v 1 b6 and codeword v 2 b 10 Both are v 0 v1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the second bit position (called b) r2 ). Code v 0 b3 and code word v 1 b7 and codeword v 2 b 11 All are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the third bit position (called b) r3 ). Code v 0 b4 in the code word v 1 b8 and code word v 2 b 12 All are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the fourth bit position (called b) r4 ).

[0207] The generator matrix G corresponding to LDGM superposition encoding LDGM for:

[0208] At this point, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data block, and the second data v r1 It uses the generating matrix G LDGM The result obtained by XORing and adding (i.e., bitwise superposition) the data at the same bit positions in each codeword is:

[0209] Specifically, using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the first bit position in the middle part (b1, b9) are XORed and added together to get v. r1 Data at the first bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the second bit position in the middle part (b2, b) 10 Perform an XOR operation and add the results to get v. r1 Data at the second bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2The data at the third bit position in the middle part (b3, b) 11 Perform an XOR operation and add the results to get v. r1 Data at the third bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the fourth bit position in the middle part (b4, b) 12 Perform an XOR operation and add the results to get v. r1 The data at the fourth bit position

[0210] For example, taking the first data block as a codeword, assuming the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is 2, the number of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted is also 3, that is, three codewords (v 0 v 1 v 2 Each codeword is 4 bits long. Where, v 0 = (b1, b2, b3, b4), v 1 = (b5, b6, b7, b8), v 2 =(b9,b 10 ,b 11 ,b 12 ). Code v 0 b1 and code word v 1 b5 and codeword v 2 b9 in all of them are v 0 v 1 v 2 Data at the same bit position, i.e., the data at the first bit position (called b) r1 ). Code v 0 b2 and code word v 1 b6 and codeword v 2 b 10 Both are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the second bit position (called b) r2 ). Code v 0 b3 and code word v 1 b7 and codeword v 2 b 11 All are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the third bit position (called b) r3 ). Code v 0b4 in the code word v 1 b8 and code word v 2 b 12 All are v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the same bit position, that is, the data at the fourth bit position (called b) r4 ).

[0211] The generator matrix G corresponding to LDGM superposition encoding LDGM for:

[0212] At this point, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data block, and the second data v r1 It uses the generating matrix G LDGM The result obtained by XORing and adding (i.e., bitwise superposition) the data at the same bit positions in each codeword is:

[0213] Specifically, using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the first bit position in the middle part (b1, b9) are XORed and added together to get v. r1 Data at the first bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the second bit position in the middle part (b2, b6) are XORed and added together to get v. r1 Data at the second bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the third bit position in the middle part (b3, b7) are XORed and added together to get v. r1 Data at the third bit position Using the generating matrix G LDGM For v 0 v 1 v 2 The data at the fourth bit position in the middle part (b4, b) 12 Perform an XOR operation and add the results to get v. r1 The data at the fourth bit position

[0214] For Schemes 1 and 2 above, optionally, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding is related to the number of first data blocks. Since the reliability of transmission differs under different column weight conditions, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding can be dynamically adjusted according to error conditions (such as the number of first data blocks). For example, when the number of first data blocks is greater than a preset threshold, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding is 3; when the number of first data blocks is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding is 2.

[0215] Optionally, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding can be pre-configured, or they can be indicated by downlink control information (DCI) or medium access control control element (MAC CE). This allows for flexible configuration of the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding.

[0216] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding is obtained by cyclically shifting the basis matrix. The basis matrix is ​​a linearly independent set of vectors that generates the entire vector space. This means that any vector in this vector space can be linearly combined using vectors from the basis matrix. Since the column weights and the number of data blocks in the generator matrix of LDGM overlay encoding are relatively large in practical systems, the dimensionality of the LDGM encoding matrix is ​​also relatively large. The actual matrix can be obtained by cyclically shifting the basis matrix. This approach makes determining the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay encoding more convenient and simple.

[0217] Specifically, with a fixed column weight, the positions of the non-zero elements in the first column of the basis matrix are fixed, and the LDGM matrix with a fixed column weight is obtained according to the cyclic shift size. As shown in Figure 7, three design schemes for the basis matrix are given, and the basis matrix structures obtained under different column weights and different cyclic shift sizes are shown. Here, nz represents the number of non-zero elements.

[0218] In one possible design, there are two ways to design the size of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM superposition encoding. These two methods are explained in detail below.

[0219] Method 1: The size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is an*n.

[0220] Where 'a' represents the number of the first data blocks and 'n' represents the length of the first data blocks. The size of the second data, determined by the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding, is then n bits. This method ensures the validity and rationality of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding, thereby improving transmission efficiency.

[0221] For example, assuming the number of the first data blocks is 3 and the length of the first data block is 4, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is 12×4.

[0222] Method 2: The size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is an*m.

[0223] Where 'a' represents the number of first data blocks, 'n' represents the length of the first data blocks, and 'm' is a preset value, or the value of 'm' is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks. In this case, the size of the second data determined by the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is m bits. This method ensures the flexibility and rationality of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding, improving transmission efficiency.

[0224] For example, assuming the number of the first data blocks is 3, the length of the first data block is 4, and m is a preset value (i.e., 3), then the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is 12×3.

[0225] For example, assuming the first data block has 3 elements and a length of 4, the value of m can be adjusted according to error conditions. For instance, the value of m can be related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks. If the value of m is set to 3, then the size of the generator matrix corresponding to LDGM overlay coding is 12×3.

[0226] In one possible design, the method further includes step s11: the access network device sends first information to the terminal device, the first information indicating the number or proportion of the first data block. Accordingly, the terminal device receives the first information from the access network device.

[0227] This can be understood as follows: after receiving the first data block that has a transmission error, the access network device can report the number or proportion of the first data block to the terminal device, which is more conducive to ensuring successful data transmission. For example, this first information can indicate that the number of the first data block is 3. Or, for example, this first information can indicate that the proportion of the first data block in the first data is 0.3.

[0228] As can be seen, based on the method described in Figure 5, the terminal device initially transmits the first data to the access network device. This first data can be encoded using the first encoding method. Due to the inherent uncertainty of air interface transmission, when an error occurs, the terminal device needs to retransmit the erroneous data block (i.e., repeat the transmission). The erroneous data block can then be referred to as multiple retransmitted first data blocks within the first data. Because the data packet delay budget is typically short, the retransmission opportunity for the first data block is limited, and retransmission also consumes additional resources. Therefore, under limited resources and a limited data packet delay budget, the terminal device can perform LDGM superposition encoding on multiple retransmitted first data blocks within the first data to determine the second data. Directly transmitting the second data enables the one-time transmission of multiple retransmitted first data blocks, reducing the overhead of data block retransmission resources. Furthermore, the use of LDGM superposition encoding further improves transmission efficiency, ensuring timely and accurate transmission of a complete data packet.

[0229] II. Downlink Transmission

[0230] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 8, the communication method includes the following steps S801 and S802. The method execution entities shown in Figure 8 can be the terminal device and access network device mentioned above. Alternatively, the method execution entities shown in Figure 8 can be chips in the terminal device and chips in the access network device; this embodiment of the application does not impose any limitations. Figure 8 illustrates the method using terminal devices and access network devices as examples of method execution entities.

[0231] It is understood that this application uses terminal equipment and access network equipment as examples to illustrate the execution of the interaction, but this application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the method executed by the terminal equipment in this application can also be implemented by the communication / processing module in the terminal equipment or the circuit or chip (such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip), or a SoC chip / SIP chip containing a modem core, or a GPU / AI processor / ASIC) in the terminal equipment responsible for communication / processing functions; the method executed by the access network equipment in this application can also be implemented by the module (such as a circuit, chip or chip system, etc.) in the access network equipment, or a logical node, logical module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network equipment.

[0232] S801. The access network device sends first data to the terminal device, the first data being encoded using a first encoding method. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first data from the access network device.

[0233] S802, the access network device sends second data to the terminal device, the second data being determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the second data from the access network device.

[0234] In this embodiment, for downlink transmission of high-throughput, low-latency services (such as XR services), the specific implementation of steps S801 and S802 can refer to the specific implementation of steps S501 and S502 described above. The main difference lies in the execution subject (i.e., replacing "terminal device" with "access network device" in steps S501 and S502), which will not be elaborated here. It should be noted that this embodiment takes the example of the access network device sending data to the terminal device. Of course, the access network device can also send data to other devices, which is not limited here.

[0235] In one possible design, the method further includes step s21: the terminal device sends first information to the access network device, the first information indicating the number or proportion of the first data block. Accordingly, the access network device receives the first information from the terminal device.

[0236] As can be seen, based on the method described in Figure 8, the access network device initially transmits the first data to the terminal device. This first data can be encoded using the first encoding method. Due to the inherent uncertainty of air interface transmission, when an error occurs, the access network device needs to retransmit the erroneous data block (i.e., repeat the transmission). The erroneous data block can then be referred to as multiple retransmitted first data blocks within the first data. Because the data packet delay budget is typically short, the retransmission opportunity for the first data block is limited, and retransmission also consumes additional resources. Therefore, under limited resources and a limited data packet delay budget, the access network device can determine the second data by performing LDGM superposition encoding on multiple retransmitted first data blocks within the first data. Directly transmitting the second data enables the one-time transmission of multiple retransmitted first data blocks, reducing the overhead of data block retransmission resources. Furthermore, the use of LDGM superposition encoding further improves transmission efficiency, ensuring timely and accurate transmission of a complete data packet.

[0237] The apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0238] Figure 9 illustrates a possible exemplary block diagram of the communication device involved in the embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the communication device 900 may include modules or units for implementing the methods described above. In one possible design, the communication device 900 includes a processing unit 902 and a communication unit 903. Optionally, the communication device 900 may further include a storage unit 901 for storing device program code and / or data.

[0239] The communication device 900 can be a terminal-side device in the above embodiments, such as a terminal or a communication module in a terminal, or a circuit or chip in a terminal that is responsible for communication functions.

[0240] For example, in one embodiment, the communication unit 903 is used to send first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0241] The communication unit 903 is also used to send second data, which is determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0242] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0243] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0244] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0245] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0246] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by DCI or MAC CE.

[0247] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0248] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0249] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

[0250] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

[0251] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either BMST encoding or LDPC encoding.

[0252] In one possible design, the communication unit 903 is further configured to: receive first information, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0253] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a terminal or a communication module within a terminal, the function of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip containing a modem core. The function of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0254] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a circuit or chip in a terminal responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a modem core, the function of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by an interface circuit or data transceiver circuit on the aforementioned chip.

[0255] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a terminal or a processing module within a terminal, the functionality of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a GPU, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a GPU. Alternatively, the processor may include an AI processor, or a SoC or SIP chip containing an AI processor. Or, the processor may include an ASIC, or a SoC or SIP chip containing an ASIC. The functionality of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0256] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a circuit or chip in a terminal responsible for processing functions, such as a GPU or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a GPU, an AI processor or a SoC or SIP chip containing an AI processor, or an ASIC or a SoC or SIP chip containing an ASIC, the function of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by interface circuitry or data transceiver circuitry on the aforementioned chip.

[0257] The communication device 900 can be a network-side device in the above embodiments, such as a network-side access network device, a module (e.g., circuit, chip or chip system) in the access network device, or a logic node, logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network device.

[0258] For example, in one embodiment, the communication unit 903 is used to receive first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0259] The communication unit 903 is also used to receive second data, which is determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0260] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0261] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0262] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0263] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0264] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by DCI or MAC CE.

[0265] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0266] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0267] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

[0268] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

[0269] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either BMST encoding or LDPC encoding.

[0270] In one possible design, the communication unit 903 is further configured to: send first information, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0271] The communication device 900 can be a network-side device in the above embodiments, such as a network-side access network device, a module (e.g., circuit, chip or chip system) in the access network device, or a logic node, logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network device.

[0272] For example, in one embodiment, the communication unit 903 is used to send first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0273] The communication unit 903 is also used to send second data, which is determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0274] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0275] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0276] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0277] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0278] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by DCI or MAC CE.

[0279] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0280] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0281] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

[0282] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

[0283] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either BMST encoding or LDPC encoding.

[0284] In one possible design, the communication unit 903 is further configured to: receive first information, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0285] The communication device 900 can be a terminal-side device in the above embodiments, such as a terminal or a communication module in a terminal, or a circuit or chip in a terminal that is responsible for communication functions.

[0286] For example, in one embodiment, the communication unit 903 is used to receive first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method;

[0287] The communication unit 903 is also used to receive second data, which is determined by LDGM overlay encoding of multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

[0288] In one possible design, the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

[0289] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0290] In one possible design, the column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each of the first data blocks.

[0291] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

[0292] In one possible design, the column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by DCI or MAC CE.

[0293] In one possible design, the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting the basis matrix.

[0294] In one possible design, the first data block is any of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

[0295] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

[0296] In one possible design, the size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks, n is the length of the first data blocks, and m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

[0297] In one possible design, the first encoding method is either BMST encoding or LDPC encoding.

[0298] In one possible design, the communication unit 903 is further configured to: send first information, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data block.

[0299] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a terminal or a communication module within a terminal, the function of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip containing a modem core. The function of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0300] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a circuit or chip in a terminal responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a modem core, the function of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by an interface circuit or data transceiver circuit on the aforementioned chip.

[0301] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a terminal or a processing module within a terminal, the functionality of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a GPU, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a GPU. Alternatively, the processor may include an AI processor, or a SoC or SIP chip containing an AI processor. Or, the processor may include an ASIC, or a SoC or SIP chip containing an ASIC. The functionality of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0302] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a circuit or chip in a terminal responsible for processing functions, such as a GPU or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a GPU, an AI processor or a SoC or SIP chip containing an AI processor, or an ASIC or a SoC or SIP chip containing an ASIC, the function of the processing unit 902 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the communication unit 903 can be implemented by interface circuitry or data transceiver circuitry on the aforementioned chip.

[0303] It is understood that the division of units in the above-described device is merely a logical functional division. One function can correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some units can be integrated onto a single physical entity, or distributed across different physical entities. Furthermore, the aforementioned functional units can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. Whether a function is executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0304] In one example, the functional unit in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as: one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microcontroller units (MCUs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.

[0305] In one example, storage unit 901 may include random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory and / or registers, etc.

[0306] Referring to Figure 10, which is a schematic diagram of another communication device 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application, the communication device 1000 can correspond to the terminal shown in Figure 1 and be used to implement the operation of the terminal in the above embodiments; or, the communication device 1000 can correspond to the access network device shown in Figure 1 and be used to implement the operation of the access network device in the above embodiments. As shown in Figure 10, the terminal includes: one or more antennas 1010, a radio frequency processing system 1020, and a processor system 1030.

[0307] In the downlink or sidelink direction, the RF processing system 1020 receives RF signals through the antenna 1010 and sends the RF-processed signals to the processor system 1030 for further processing. In the uplink or sidelink direction, the processor system 1030 processes the terminal-side information and sends it to the RF processing system 1020, which then processes the signal and transmits it through the antenna 1010.

[0308] In one example, the RF processing system 1020 serves as the communication interface for external communication of the terminal and may include an RF front end (RFFE) 1021 and an RF transceiver 1022. The RFFE 1021 is primarily used for one or more processing operations, such as shaping, passband selection, or gain adjustment, on the RF signals received by the antenna or those to be transmitted through the antenna. It may include one or more components such as RF switches, duplexers, filters, power amplifiers, antenna tuners, and low-noise amplifiers. The RFFE 1021 can be a circuit system composed of multiple discrete devices or integrated into one or more chips. The RF transceiver 1022 processes the RF signals received by the RFFE into baseband / IF signals for further processing by the processor system 1030, and processes the baseband / IF signals provided by the processor system 1030 into RF signals for transmission to the RFFE 1021. The baseband / IF signals transmitted between the RF transceiver 1022 and the processor system 1030 can be digital or analog signals. The radio frequency transceiver 1022 can be implemented by one or more chips, which are commonly referred to as radio frequency chips (RFICs).

[0309] In one example, processor system 1030 may include one or more processors for processing signals and executing one or more communication protocols. Optionally, processor system 1030 may also include memory 1036. In one example, the one or more processors include at least one baseband processor 1031 (also known as a modem processor). Memory 1036 is used to store data and / or computer program instructions. Optionally, processor system 1030 may also include one or more application processors 1032 for implementing processing of the terminal operating system and application layer. Application processor 1032 may include, for example, a GPU, AI processor, or ASIC. Optionally, processor system 1030 may also include one or more of a voice subsystem 1033, a multimedia subsystem 1034, or an interface circuit 1035. The voice subsystem 1033 is used to process voice signals, the multimedia subsystem 1034 is used to handle multimedia-related operations, such as video encoding / decoding, image processing, etc., and the interface circuit 1035 is used to implement communication with other terminal components, such as a display 1040, an input device 1050, memory 1060, etc. The aforementioned components in the processor system 1030 can communicate with each other via a bus or communication interface circuit.

[0310] In one example, the processor system 1030 can be packaged as a single processor chip, such as a SoC chip or a SIP chip. In another example, the processor system 1030 can be a system composed of multiple chips, for example, the baseband processor 1031 can be packaged as a single chip, or packaged with part or all of the circuitry of the radio frequency processing system into a single chip.

[0311] In one example, memory 1036 can be on-chip memory, i.e., located on the processor system 1030 chip. In another example, memory 1060 can be off-chip memory, i.e. located outside the processor system 1030 chip.

[0312] In one example, the baseband processor 1031 may include one or more processor cores 10311 and interface circuitry 10314. The one or more processor cores 10311 are used to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. Optionally, the baseband processor 1031 may also include a memory 10312 for storing at least a portion of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In one example, the one or more processor cores 10311 implement the relevant operations in the above method embodiments by executing the computer program instructions stored in the memory 10312. In this disclosure, memory 10312 is used to store corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. This can mean that memory 10312 stores all corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by processor core 10311; or it can mean that memory 10312 stores a portion of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data, including the computer program instructions and / or data currently required to be executed by processor core 10311. Memory 10312 can store different portions of computer program instructions and / or data multiple times for execution by processor core 10311 to implement the relevant operations in the above method embodiments. Interface circuit 10314 serves as a communication interface for communication with other components, such as transmitting signals with radio frequency processing system 1020, communicating with other subsystems and related components of processor system 1030 via bus, such as transmitting data control signals with application processor 1032, and transmitting data or computer program instructions with memory 1036 or memory 1060. Optionally, in order to reduce the load on the processor core, a baseband signal processing circuit 10313 can be set to perform at least some baseband signal processing, including one or more of signal demodulation, modulation, encoding or decoding.

[0313] In one example, the communication device provided in this application may be a communication device 1000, which includes a communication module comprising a processor system 1030 and a radio frequency processing system 1020, or a baseband processor 1031.

[0314] The processor, processor system, application processor, baseband processor, processor circuit, or processor core mentioned above can be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or more of the following: central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor (DSP), microprocessor unit (MPU), microcontroller unit (MCU), graphics processing unit (GPU), field programmable gate array (FPGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), artificial intelligence processor (AI processor), or neural processing unit (NPU).

[0315] The aforementioned memory may include one or more of the following storage media: random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), phase-change memory (PCM), resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), cache, register, read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), hard disk, etc. In one example, computer program instructions for executing the above embodiments may be stored on non-volatile memory, such as at least a portion of the aforementioned memory 1060 (e.g., one or more of ROM, flash memory, EPROM, or hard disk). When the terminal is running, the corresponding computer program instructions may be partially or wholly loaded onto a memory with a faster transfer speed than the processor, such as at least a portion of memory 1036 and / or memory 10312 (e.g., one or more of RAM, SRAM, DRAM, PCM, RERAM, MRAM, FRAM, cache, or register), for the processor to execute in order to implement the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0316] In one example, the RF transceiver 1022 and the RF front-end 1021 can also be packaged in a single chip. In another example, the RF transceiver 1022, the RF front-end 1021, and the baseband processor 1031 can also be packaged in a single chip.

[0317] This application also provides a communication system, which includes a terminal device and an access network device, and the terminal device and the access network device can be used to perform the methods in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0318] In addition, this application also provides a computer program for implementing the operations and / or processes performed by various devices in the method provided in this application.

[0319] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer code that, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the operations and / or processes performed by the various devices in the methods provided in this application.

[0320] This application also provides a computer program product comprising computer code or a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the operations and / or processes performed by various entities in the method provided in this application to be executed.

[0321] The terms "system" and "network" in this application embodiment are used interchangeably. "At least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC; "at least one of A, B, and C" can also be understood as including A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in this application embodiment are used to distinguish multiple objects and are not used to limit the order, sequence, priority, or importance of multiple objects.

[0322] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0323] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0324] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0325] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0326] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, The method includes: Send the first data, which is encoded using the first encoding method; Send the second data, which is determined by low-density generator matrix (LDGM) superposition encoding based on multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit position in each first data block.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each first data block.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by the downlink control information (DCI) or the media access control unit (MAC CE).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting of the basis matrix.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The first data block is any one of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block; The value of m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data block.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The first encoding method is either Block Markov Superposition Transmission (BMST) encoding or Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive first information, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

13. A data transmission method, characterized in that, The method includes: Receive first data, which is encoded using a first encoding method; Receive second data, which is determined by low-density generator matrix (LDGM) superposition encoding based on multiple first data blocks to be retransmitted in the first data.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The density of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the density of the generator matrix corresponding to the first encoding method.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is equal to the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at the same bit position in each first data block.

16. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The column weight of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is less than the number of the first data blocks, and the second data is obtained by XORing and adding the data at some of the same bit positions in each first data block.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are related to the number of the first data blocks.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized in that, The column weights of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM overlay encoding are pre-configured, or indicated by the downlink control information (DCI) or the media access control unit (MAC CE).

19. The method according to any one of claims 13-18, characterized in that, The generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is obtained by cyclic shifting of the basis matrix.

20. The method according to any one of claims 13-19, characterized in that, The first data block is any one of the following: codeword, transport block, redundant version, or code block group.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13-20, characterized in that, The size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is an*n, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block.

22. The method according to any one of claims 13-20, characterized in that, The size of the generator matrix corresponding to the LDGM superposition encoding is an*m, where a is the number of the first data blocks and n is the length of the first data block; The value of m is a preset value, or the value of m is related to the number or proportion of the first data block.

23. The method according to any one of claims 13-22, characterized in that, The first encoding method is either Block Markov Superposition Transmission (BMST) encoding or Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding.

24. The method according to any one of claims 13-23, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a first message, which indicates the number or proportion of the first data blocks.

25. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a module or unit for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-12, or the communication device includes a module or unit for performing the method as described in any one of claims 13-24.

26. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor coupled to a memory for storing programs or instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-12, or cause the device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 13-24.

27. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes a terminal device and an access network device, wherein the terminal device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-12, and the access network device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 13-24.

28. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes a terminal device and an access network device, wherein the access network device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-12, and the terminal device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 13-24.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program, which, when executed, performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-12, or the method as described in any one of claims 13-24.

30. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program product is executed, the method as described in any one of claims 1-12 is executed, or the method as described in any one of claims 13-24 is executed.

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