Devices and methods for path switch
By allowing terminal devices to switch communication paths based on measurement configurations and link quality thresholds, the solution optimizes multi-hop relay paths, enhancing network performance and resource efficiency in communication networks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication networks face challenges in efficiently switching communication paths between user equipment (UE) and base stations, particularly in scenarios requiring multi-hop relays, leading to suboptimal performance and resource inefficiencies.
A terminal device obtains a measurement configuration, transmits a measurement result, and receives switch information to perform a path switch from a first communication path to a second path, which may include multi-hop relay paths, optimizing the communication path based on link quality thresholds.
This solution enables efficient switching between multi-hop and direct communication paths, improving network performance and resource utilization by aligning communication paths with optimal link quality.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024134610_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR PATH SWITCHFIELDS
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for path switch.BACKGROUND
[0002] With the development of communication techniques, a variety of communication networks have been developed or studied. In some wireless communication networks, in addition to communicating with base stations via access links, user equipment (UE) can communicate with base stations using a sidelink (SL) as well, e.g., a communication link between a UE and another UE. In some scenarios, one or more UEs may be needed to relay communication between a UE and a base station.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices and methods for path switch.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first terminal device. The first terminal device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to: obtain a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device; transmit, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; receive, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and perform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second terminal device. The second terminal device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to: forward at least one of: a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device, or a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; obtain switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and perform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to one or more terminal devices in a first communication path between a remote terminal device and the network device, a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with the first communication path; receive, from the one or more terminal devices, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; determine, based on the measurement result, to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device; and transmit switch information indicating to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first terminal device. The method comprises: obtaining a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device; transmitting, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; receiving, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and performing, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second terminal device. The method comprises: forwarding at least one of: a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device, or a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; obtaining switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and performing, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to one or more terminal devices in a first communication path between a remote terminal device and the network device, a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with the first communication path; receiving, from the one or more terminal devices, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; determining, based on the measurement result, to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device; and transmitting switch information indicating to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fourth, fifth, or sixth aspect.
[0011] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of a procedure for a UE-to-network (U2N) remote UE intra-gNB switching from an indirect path to a direct path;
[0015] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of a procedure for a U2N remote UE intra-gNB switching from an indirect path to another indirect path;
[0016] FIGS. 3A to 3D illustrates example scenarios of SL multi-hop U2N relay;
[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart of an example path switch procedure according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0024] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0025] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further have ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0026] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0027] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0028] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0029] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0030] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0031] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0032] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0033] As used herein, the term “remote terminal device” may refer to a terminal device provided with a relay service by one or more relay devices or intermediate terminal device for communicating with a network device. In the following, the term “remote terminal device” and “remote UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0034] As used herein, the term “relay terminal device” may refer to a terminal device providing a relay service to a remote terminal device for communication. In the following, the term “relay terminal device” and “relay UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0035] As used herein, the term “intermediate terminal device” may refer to a terminal device performing relay function between a relay terminal device and a remote terminal device. The intermediate terminal device may be under the same coverage as the relay terminal device (intra-cell coverage) , and stay at radio resource control idle (RRC_IDLE) or radio resource control inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state; or the intermediate terminal device may be out of the coverage. In the following, the term “intermediate terminal device” and “intermediate UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication environment 100 involves an intermediate terminal device 110, a remote terminal device 120, a relay terminal device 130, and a network device 140. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of terminal devices, including the intermediate terminal device 110, the remote terminal device 120, the relay terminal device 130, may communicate with each other.
[0037] As shown in FIG. 1, the remote terminal device 120 may communicate with the network device 140 via at least one terminal device, e.g., the intermediate terminal device 110, and the relay terminal device 130.
[0038] In some example embodiments, a communication path may be set up between the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, the relay terminal device 130, and the network device 140. In some other example embodiments, a communication path may be set up between the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, and the network device 140. In some further example embodiments, a communication path may be set up between the remote terminal device 120, the relay terminal device 130, and the network device 140. Such communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device via at least one terminal device may be referred to as a relay path, communication path or indirect path.
[0039] In some other example embodiments, a communication path may be set up between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140. Such a communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device may be referred to as a Uu path or a direct path.
[0040] In some example embodiments, the remote terminal device 120 may be a U2N remote terminal device, the relay terminal device 130 may be a U2N relay terminal device, and the intermediate terminal device 110 may be a U2N intermediate terminal device. Moreover, a communication path including more than one terminal device between a remote terminal device and a network device may be referred to as a multi-hop U2N relay path or multi-hop U2N communication path. A communication path only including a relay terminal device between a remote terminal device and a network device may be referred to as a single-hop UE-to-UE (U2U) relay path or single-hop U2U communication path.
[0041] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the communication environment 100.
[0042] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0043] As mentioned above, one or more UEs may be needed to relay communication between a UE and a base station. The following will describe the communication procedure with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B. Next, the communication scenarios will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3D.
[0044] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of a procedure 200A for a U2N remote UE intra-gNB switching from an indirect path to a direct path. The procedure 200A involves a remote UE 210, a relay UE 220 and a gNB 230. The remote UE 210 may be an L2 U2N remote UE. The relay UE 220 may be an L2 U2N relay UE.
[0045] At step 202, the remote UE 210 may communicate with the gNB 230 via the relay UE 220. That is, the remote UE 210 may perform user plane (UP) and control plane (CP) transmission via the relay UE 220.
[0046] At step 204, the Uu measurement configuration and measurement report signalling procedures are performed to evaluate both relay link measurement and Uu link measurement. The measurement results from the remote UE 210 are reported via the relay UE 220 when the configured measurement reporting criteria are met. The SL relay measurement report would include at least a source L2 identity (ID) , serving cell ID (i.e., NR cell global identifier (NCGI) / NR cell identifier (NCI) ) , and a SL measurement quality result of the relay UE 220. The SL measurement quality may be the SL reference signal received power (SL-RSRP) of the serving relay UE 220. If the SL-RSRP is not available, the subband reference signal received power (SD-RSRP) may be used.
[0047] At step 206, the gNB 230 determines to switch the remote UE 210 to a Uu path (also referred to as direct path) between the remote UE 210 and the gNB 230. At step 208, the gNB 230 sends the RRCReconfiguration message to the remote UE 210 via the relay UE 220. The remote UE 210 stops the user plane and control plane transmission via the relay UE 220 after the reception of the RRCReconfiguration message with a path switch configuration.
[0048] At step 212, the remote UE 210 synchronizes with the gNB 230 and performs random access (RA) . At step 214, the remote UE 210 sends the RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the gNB 230 via the direct path, using the configuration provided in the RRCReconfiguration message. From this step, the remote UE 210 uses the radio resource control (RRC) connection via the direct path to the gNB 230.
[0049] At step 216, the gNB 230 sends the RRCReconfiguration message to the relay UE 220 to reconfigure the connection between the relay UE 220 and the gNB 230. The RRCReconfiguration message to the relay UE 220 may be sent any time after step 208 based on the gNB 230 implementation (e.g., to release Uu relay radio link control (RLC) channel and PC5 relay RLC channel configuration for relaying, and bearer mapping configuration related to the remote UE 210) .
[0050] At step 218, either the access stratum (AS) layer of the relay UE 220 or the AS layer of the remote UE 210 indicates upper layers to release the PC5 unicast link after receiving the RRCReconfiguration message from the gNB 230. The timing to perform the link release is up to the UE implementation.
[0051] At step 222, the communication path is switched from the indirect path to the direct path between the remote UE 210 and the gNB 230. The packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) re-establishment or PDCP data recovery in the UL is performed by the remote UE 210 for lossless delivery during the path switch if the gNB 230 configures it.
[0052] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of a procedure 200B for a U2N remote UE intra-gNB switching from an indirect path to another indirect path. The procedure 200B involves the remote UE 210, a source relay UE 240, a target relay UE 250 and the gNB 230. The source relay UE 240 and the target relay UE 250 may be L2 U2N relay UEs.
[0053] At step 232, the remote UE 210 may communicate with the gNB 230 via the source relay UE 240. That is, the remote UE 210 may perform user plane and control plane transmission via the source relay UE 240.
[0054] At step 234, the remote UE 210 reports one or multiple candidate relay UE (s) and the SL measurement result between the remote relay UE 210 and the source relay UE 240 via the source relay UE to the gNB 230, after it measures / discovers the candidate relay UE (s) . In some examples, the remote UE 210 filters the appropriate candidate relay UE(s) according to relay selection criteria before reporting. The remote UE 210 would only report the candidate relay UE (s) that fulfils the higher layer criteria. In some examples, the reporting includes at least an ID, serving cell ID, and SL measurement quality information of the candidate relay UE (s) . The SD-RSRP may be used as the SL measurement quality.
[0055] At step 236, the gNB 230 determines to switch the remote UE 210 to the target relay UE 250 under the same gNB 230. At step 238, the gNB 230 sends an RRCReconfiguration message to the target relay UE 250, which includes at least the remote UE 210’s local ID and L2 ID, Uu and PC5 Relay RLC channel configuration for relaying, and bearer mapping configuration.
[0056] At step 242, the gNB 230 sends the RRCReconfiguration message to the remote UE 210 via the source relay UE 240. The RRCReconfiguration message includes at least an ID of the target relay UE 250, local ID of the remote UE, PC5 Relay RLC channel configuration for relay traffic, and the associated end-to-end radio bearer (s) . The remote UE 210 stops UP and CP transmission over the indirect path via the source relay UE 240 after the reception of the RRCReconfiguration message from the gNB 230.
[0057] At step 244, the remote UE 210 establishes a PC5-RRC connection with the target relay UE 240. At step 246, the remote UE 210 sends RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the gNB 230 via the target relay UE 240. At step 248, the gNB 230 sends the RRCReconfiguration message to the source relay UE 240 to reconfigure the connection between the source relay UE 240 and the gNB 230. The RRCReconfiguration message sent to the source relay UE 240 may be sent any time after step 242 based on the gNB 230 implementation (e.g., to release Uu and PC5 Relay RLC channel configuration for relaying, and bearer mapping configuration related to the remote UE 210) .
[0058] At step 252, either the AS layer of the source relay UE 240 or the AS layer of the remote UE 210 indicates upper layers to release the PC5 unicast link after receiving the RRCReconfiguration message from the gNB 230. The timing to perform the link release is up to the UE implementation after step 242 or step248.
[0059] At step 254, the communication path is switched from the source relay UE 240 to the target relay UE 250 between the remote UE 210 and the gNB 230. This step may be performed at any time after step 246.
[0060] FIGS. 3A to 3D illustrate example scenarios 300A, 300B, 300C, and 300D of multi-hop U2N relay. The example scenarios 300A, 300B, 300C, and 300D involve the intermediate terminal device 110, the remote terminal device 120, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140. As shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D, the multi-hop U2N relay may be implemented in a number of different ways, and thus the U2N relay mechanisms may vary in different scenarios.
[0061] In the scenario 300A in FIG. 3A, a relay terminal device 130 and an intermediate terminal device 110 are in coverage of the network device 140 and a remote terminal device 120 is out of the coverage of the network device 140. The relay terminal device 130 and the intermediate terminal device 110 are in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.
[0062] In the scenario 300B in FIG. 3B, the relay terminal device 130 is in coverage of the network device 140. The intermediate terminal device 110 and the remote terminal device 210 are out of the coverage of the network device 140. The relay terminal device 130 and the intermediate terminal device 110 are in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.
[0063] In the scenario 300C in FIG. 3C, the relay terminal device 130 and the intermediate terminal device 110 are in coverage of the network device 140 and the remote terminal device 120 is out of the coverage of the network device 140. The relay terminal device 130 is in the radio resource control connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state with the network device 140 and the intermediate terminal device 110 is the in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.
[0064] In the scenario 300D in FIG. 3D, the relay terminal device 130 is in coverage of the network device 140. The intermediate terminal device 110 and the remote terminal device 120 are out of the coverage of the network device 140. The relay terminal device 130 is in RRC_CONNECTED state with the network device and the intermediate terminal device 110 is in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.
[0065] For example scenarios 300A, 300B, 300C, and 300D, the remote terminal device 120 is an example of the remote terminal device 120 in FIG. 1, such as a layer-2 (L2) U2N remote terminal device; the relay terminal device 130 is an example of the relay terminal device 130 in FIG. 1, such as a L2 U2N relay terminal device; and the intermediate terminal device 110 is an example of the intermediate terminal device 110 in FIG. 1, such as a L2 U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0066] The scenarios mentioned above involve different UE types. Given that, for SL multi-hop U2N relay, how to trigger and perform a path switch procedure via different UE types, e.g., U2N relay UE, U2N intermediate UE, U2N remote UE, needs to be discussed.
[0067] According to some example embodiments of the present disclosure, a solution for path switch is proposed. In the solution, a first terminal device obtains a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device. The first terminal device transmits, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration. The first terminal device receives switch information from the network device. The switch information indicates to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device. The first terminal device performs, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path. At least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device. In this way, a UE may perform a path switch from a multi-hop communication path to a single-hop or direct communication path, or from the single-hop or direct communication path to the multi-hop communication path.
[0068] The following will provide example embodiments with reference to FIG. 4. It should be understood that two or three hops U2N communication path is used as an example, but it is also applicable for multi-hop U2N communication path with any number of hops.
[0069] Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signaling chart 400 of an example path switch procedure according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling chart 400 involves a first terminal device 410, a second terminal device 420 and the network device 140. The first terminal device 410 may be considered as an example of one of the intermediate terminal devices 110, the remote terminal device 120 or the relay terminal device 130 in FIG. 1, and the second terminal device 420 may be considered as an example of another one of the intermediate terminal devices 110, the remote terminal device 120 or the relay terminal device 130 in FIG. 1. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1.
[0070] As discussed above, there may be several scenarios related to a path switch between a remote terminal device and a network device. A switch from a multi-hop indirect communication path to a single-hop indirect communication path or a direct communication path in coverage of a network device will be described first. Unless specifically mentioned, the following embodiments are applicable for both scenarios.
[0071] As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 140 transmits 402 a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device (e.g., the remote terminal device 120) and the network device 140. Such measurement configuration may be transmitted to one or more terminal devices in the first communication path. For example, for an active multi-hop U2N relay link, the network device 140 may provide the measurement configuration towards at least one of: a U2N relay terminal device, U2N intermediate terminal device or U2N remote terminal device.
[0072] In some examples, the first communication path may include the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140. In some other examples, the first communication path may include the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, a further intermediate terminal device 110, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140.
[0073] The first terminal device 410 obtains 404 the measurement configuration. Since the first communication path includes the first terminal device 410, the first terminal device 410 may receive the measurement configuration from the network device 140 directly.
[0074] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include the second terminal device 420, and the first terminal device 410 may receive the measurement configuration via the second terminal device 420, such as a terminal device communicationally connected with the first terminal device 410. For example, the second terminal device 420 communicationally connects with the first terminal device 410. The second terminal device 420 receives 422 the measurement configuration and forward 424 the measurement configuration to the first terminal device 410.
[0075] As an example, the first terminal device 410 is an intermediate terminal device, and it obtains the measurement configuration via the connected remote terminal device 120, a further connected intermediate terminal device or the connected relay terminal device 130 in the first communication path. That is, these terminal devices may receive the measurement configuration first, and then forward it to the first terminal device 410. In some examples, the measurement configuration transmitted from the network device 140 may be forwarded one or more times, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0076] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 may transmit the measurement configuration to the second terminal device 420 in the first communication path. For example, the second terminal device 420 may include at least one of: a U2N relay terminal device, U2N intermediate terminal device or U2N remote terminal device.
[0077] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include an intermediate terminal device (e.g., the intermediate terminal device 110) located between the remote terminal device 120 and a relay terminal device (e.g., the relay terminal device 130) , and the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 120 and the network device 140 is greater than a first link quality threshold. Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140 is less than a second link quality threshold.
[0078] For example, the network device 140 may provide measurement event A1 as the measurement configuration. The measurement event A1 indicates that the direct Uu link quality for the direct link between a U2N intermediate UE and its corresponding serving cell is above a configured threshold, optionally, and / or the indirect relay link quality for the first communication path is below a configured threshold.
[0079] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include the intermediate terminal device 110 located between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130, and the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140 is greater than a third link quality threshold. Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a fourth link quality threshold.
[0080] For example, the network device 140 may provide measurement event A2 as the measurement configuration. The measurement event A2 indicates that the direct Uu link quality for the direct link between a U2N remote UE and its corresponding serving cell is above a configured threshold, optionally, and / or the indirect relay link quality for the first communication path is below a configured threshold.
[0081] The foregoing embodiments of the measurement configurations relate to scenarios in which a switch may be performed from a multi-hop indirect communication path to a direct communication path in coverage of a network device. Next, the embodiments of the measurement configurations relating to scenarios in which a switch may be performed from a multi-hop indirect communication path to a single-hop communication path in coverage of a network device will be described below.
[0082] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include the intermediate terminal device 110 located between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130, and the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the relay terminal device 130 is less than a first quality threshold. Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130 is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0083] For example, the network device 140 may provide measurement event A1 as the measurement configuration. The measurement event A1 indicates the indirect relay link quality for the direct link between a U2N intermediate terminal device and U2N relay terminal device is below a configured threshold, optionally, and / or the indirect relay link quality for the first communication path between a U2N remote terminal device and U2N relay terminal device is above a configured threshold.
[0084] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include the intermediate terminal device 110 located between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130, and the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the intermediate terminal device 110 is less than a first quality threshold. Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130 is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0085] For example, the network device 140 may provide measurement event A2 as the measurement configuration. The measurement event A2 indicates the indirect relay link quality for the direct link between a U2N remote terminal device and U2N intermediate terminal device is below a configured threshold, optionally, and / or the indirect relay link quality for the first communication path between a U2N remote terminal device and U2N relay terminal device is above a configured threshold.
[0086] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include the intermediate terminal device 110 located between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130, and the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the intermediate terminal device 110 is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130.
[0087] For example, the network device 140 may provide measurement event A3 as the measurement configuration. The measurement event A3 indicates the indirect relay link quality for the direct link between a U2N remote terminal device and U2N intermediate terminal device is below than the indirect relay link quality for the direct link between the U2N remote terminal device and a U2N relay terminal device.
[0088] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include the intermediate terminal device 110 located between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130, and the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the relay terminal device 130 is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the relay terminal device 130.
[0089] For example, the network device 140 may provide measurement event A4 as the measurement configuration. The measurement event A4 indicates the indirect relay link quality for the direct link between a U2N intermediate terminal device and U2N relay terminal device is below than the indirect relay link quality for the direct link between a U2N remote terminal device and U2N relay terminal device.
[0090] The various thresholds mentioned herein may be predetermined according to the actual requirements, some of which may be the same or different. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the above-mentioned link quality may include SL-RSRP or SD-RSRP.
[0092] In some example embodiments, the foregoing link quality for the indirect link may include a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the relay terminal device 130, e.g., a relay link quality between a U2N intermediate terminal device and U2N relay terminal device. Alternatively, or additionally, the link quality for the indirect link may include a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the remote terminal device 120, e.g., a relay link between a U2N intermediate terminal device and U2N remote terminal device.
[0093] Alternatively, or additionally, the link quality for the indirect link may include a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and a further intermediate terminal device, e.g., a relay link between a U2N intermediate terminal device and U2N intermediate terminal device. The further intermediate terminal device may be located between the remote terminal device 120 and the intermediate terminal device 110 or located between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the relay terminal device 130.
[0094] Alternatively, or additionally, the link quality for the indirect link may include a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device 120. In such a case, the further intermediate terminal device is located between the remote terminal device 120 and the intermediate terminal device 110, and the fourth link quality may refer to a link quality for the direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the intermediate terminal device 110.
[0095] Alternatively, or additionally, the link quality for the indirect link may include a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device 130. In such a case, the further intermediate terminal device is located between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the relay terminal device 130, and the fifth link quality may refer to a link quality for the direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device 130.
[0096] Alternatively, or additionally, the link quality for the indirect link may include at least one of: an average link quality of the first link quality and the second link quality, an average link quality of the first link quality, the third link quality and the fourth link quality, or an average link quality of the second link quality, the third link quality and the fifth link quality. For example, the first communication path may include a plurality of direct links. The link quality for the indirect link may be an average quality among these direct links, e.g., direct links between a U2N intermediate terminal device and U2N relay terminal device, between the U2N intermediate terminal device and a further U2N intermediate terminal device, between the further U2N intermediate terminal device and a U2N remote terminal device.
[0097] Continuing with reference to FIG. 4, after obtaining the measurement configuration, the first terminal device 410 may perform the measurement associated with the first communication path. Then, the first terminal device 410 transmit 406, to the network device 140, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration.
[0098] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 may transmit the measurement result to the second terminal device 420 in the first communication path. For example, the second terminal device 420 communicationally connects with the first terminal device 410. The second terminal device 420 receives 426 the measurement result from the first terminal device 410 and forwards 428 it to the network device 140. In some examples, the measurement result generated by the first terminal device 410 may be forwarded one or more times, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the second terminal device 420 may perform a measurement associated with the first communication path based on the measurement configuration received, and then transmit the corresponding measurement result to the network device 140.
[0100] As an example, if the measurement result of the indirect link quality and / or direct Uu link quality is maintained or performed at a U2N relay terminal device, it may transmit the measurement result towards at least one of the following terminal devices: a U2N intermediate terminal device, or a U2N remote terminal device. If the measurement result of the indirect link quality and / or the direct Uu link quality is maintained or performed at a U2N intermediate terminal device, it may transmit the measurement result towards at least one of the following terminal devices: a U2N relay terminal device, or a U2N remote terminal device. If the measurement result of the indirect link quality and / or the direct Uu link quality is maintained or performed at a U2N remote terminal device, it may transmit the measurement result towards at least one of the following terminal devices: a U2N relay terminal device, or a U2N intermediate terminal device. In some examples, the measurement result may be transmitted via a PC5-RRC / SL medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) / SL Control Information (SCI) message.
[0101] In some example embodiments, the measurement result may include at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the relay terminal device 130, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the remote terminal device 120, or a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device 110 and a further intermediate terminal device. The further intermediate terminal device may be located between the remote terminal device 120 and the intermediate terminal device 110 or located between the intermediate terminal device 110 and the relay terminal device 130. Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include at least one of: a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device 120, or a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device 130.
[0102] In other words, the measurement result may include at least one measurement result indicated by the measurement configuration. For example, the measurement result of the indirect link quality include at least one of: a link quality between a U2N intermediate terminal device and U2N remote terminal device, a link quality between the U2N intermediate terminal device and a further U2N intermediate terminal device, or a link quality between the further U2N intermediate terminal device and a U2N relay terminal device.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 may receive the measurement result from a third terminal device in the first communication path, and transmit the measurement result to the second terminal device in the first communication path. The first terminal device 410 may serve as a U2N remote terminal device, U2N intermediate terminal device, or U2N relay terminal device. For example, the first terminal device 410 is a U2N intermediate terminal device. The complete measurement result is maintained at a U2N remote terminal device. The first terminal device 410 may receive the measurement result from the U2N remote terminal device and report the measurement result towards the network device 140 via a U2N relay terminal device.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 may transmit an identity of the remote terminal device 120 (e.g., a source L2 ID of a U2N remote terminal device) to the network device 140. Alternatively, or additionally, the first terminal device 410 may transmit an identity of the at least one terminal device (e.g., a source L2 ID of a U2N relay terminal device and / or U2N intermediate terminal device) to the network device 140. Alternatively, or additionally, the first terminal device 410 may transmit an identity of a serving cell (e.g., NCGI / evolved universal terrestrial radio access network cell global identifier (ECGI) ) of a relay terminal device in the first communication path to the network device 140. Alternatively, or additionally, the first terminal device 410 may transmit quality of service, QoS, information of an interface (e.g., QoS information of Uu service) between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140 to the network device 140.
[0105] Referring to FIG. 4, the network device 140 receives 408 the measurement result from the first terminal device 410. Further, the network device 140 may receive a measurement result from other terminal device (s) (e.g., the remote terminal device 120 or the relay terminal device 130) in the first communication path. In some examples, after receiving the measurement configuration, the remote terminal device 120 may provide additional information towards the network device 140. The additional information may include for example QoS information of its Uu traffic including at least one of: a QoS flow identifier (QFI) , a default priority, or a latency requirement.
[0106] The network device 140 determines 412, based on one or more measurement results, to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140. The first communication path may be a multi-hop indirect communication path, and the second communication path may be a single-hop indirect communication path or a direct communication path. Both the first communication path and the second communication path are in coverage of the network device 140.
[0107] After determining the switch, the network device 140 transmits switch information to a terminal device in the first communication path. The switch information indicates to switch from the first communication path to the second communication path. For example, the network device 140 transmits 414 the switch information to the first terminal device 410. After receiving 416 the switch information, the first terminal device 410 performs 418 a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path.
[0108] In some examples, the switch information may be forwarded to the first terminal device 410, e.g., via the second terminal device 420. In some other examples, the network device 140 may transmit the switch information to the second terminal device 420, and the second terminal device 420 may receive 432 the switch information and perform 434 the path switch. In such a case, the first terminal device 410 does not perform the path switch.
[0109] In some example embodiments, the first communication path may include the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140, and the switch information may indicate a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device 140. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110 and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the intermediate terminal device 110 to switch from the relay terminal device 130 to the network device 140. That is, a switch from a multi-hop communication path to a single-hop communication path would be performed.
[0110] Alternatively, and additionally, the switch information may indicate a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device 140. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, a further intermediate terminal device, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110 and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the intermediate terminal device 110 to switch from the further intermediate terminal device to the network device 140. That is, a switch from a multi-hop communication path to a single-hop communication path would be performed.
[0111] Alternatively, and additionally, the switch information may indicate a switch of the remote terminal device 120 from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, a further relay terminal device and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the remote terminal device 110 to switch from the intermediate terminal device 110 to the further relay device. That is, a switch from a multi-hop communication path to a single-hop communication path would be performed.
[0112] Alternatively, and additionally, the switch information may indicate a switch of the remote terminal device 120 from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device 140. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the remote terminal device 110 to switch from the intermediate terminal device 110 to the network device. That is, a switch from a multi-hop communication path to a direct communication path would be performed.
[0113] After performing the path switch, in some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 may establish a connection with the network device 140 via the second communication path and transmit response information to the network device 140. As an example, after receiving the measurement report, the network device 140 may determine to switch a U2N remote terminal device or U2N intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to the direct Uu link. The network device 140 may send, towards the U2N remote terminal device or the U2N intermediate terminal device, the switch information which includes RRCReconfiguration message. The U2N remote terminal device or the U2N intermediate terminal device may perform synchronization with the network device 140 and perform random access. Afterwards, the U2N remote terminal device or the U2N intermediate terminal device may send, towards the network device 140 via the direct Uu link, response information which includes RRCReconfigurationComplete message.
[0114] After path switching and connection establishing, the first terminal device 410 may release the indirect relay link. In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 may release a resource associated with the first communication path. For example, if the first terminal device 410 is a U2N remote terminal device, it may release the PC5 RRC link with the connected U2N intermediate terminal device. If the first terminal device 410 is a U2N intermediate terminal device, it may release the PC5 RRC link with at least one of the connected terminal devices including a U2N remote terminal device, U2N relay terminal device or further U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 may transmit, to the second terminal device in the first communication path, a link request message to release a resource associated with the first communication path. For example, if the first terminal device 410 is a U2N remote terminal device, it may may send the link request message towards the connected U2N intermediate terminal device. If the first terminal device 410 is a U2N intermediate terminal device, it may send the link request message towards the connected U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0116] In the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure, the switch from a multi-hop indirect communication path to a single-hop indirect communication path or a direct communication path in coverage of a network device has been described. Next, a switch from a single-hop indirect communication path or a direct communication path to a multi-hop indirect communication path in coverage of a network device will be described. In such scenarios, the first communication path may be a single-hop indirect communication path or a direct communication path, and the second communication path may be multi-hop indirect communication path.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the second communication path may include the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140, and the switch information may indicate a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device 140 to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, a relay terminal device and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the intermediate terminal device 110 to switch from the network device 140 to the relay terminal device. That is, a switch from a single-hop communication path to a multi-hop communication path would be performed.
[0118] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may indicate a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device 140 to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110, a further intermediate terminal device, a relay terminal device and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the intermediate terminal device 110 to switch from the network device 140 to the further intermediate terminal device. That is, a switch from a single-hop communication path to a multi-hop communication path would be performed.
[0119] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may indicate a switch of the remote terminal device 120 from a connection with the network device 140 to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, an intermediate terminal device, a relay terminal device and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the remote terminal device 120 to switch from the network device 140 to the intermediate terminal device. That is, a switch from a direct communication path to a multi-hop communication path would be performed.
[0120] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may indicate a switch of the remote terminal device 120 from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the intermediate terminal device 110 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, a further intermediate terminal device, another intermediate terminal device, a relay terminal device and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the remote terminal device 120 to switch from the network device 140 to the further intermediate terminal device. That is, a switch from a direct communication path to a multi-hop communication path would be performed.
[0121] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may indicate a switch of the remote terminal device 120 from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path. For example, the first communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, the relay terminal device 130 and the network device 140, which are sequentially and communicably connected. The second communication path includes the remote terminal device 120, an intermediate terminal device, a further intermediate terminal device, a relay terminal device and the network device 140. The switch information indicates the remote terminal device 120 to switch from the relay terminal device 130 to the intermediate terminal device. That is, a switch from a single-hop communication path to a multi-hop communication path would be performed.
[0122] In the foregoing example embodiments, the path switch is performed from a multi-hop indirect communication path to a single-hop communication path or a direct communication path. Some example embodiments relating to scenarios in which a switch may be performed from a single-hop communication path or a direct communication path to a multi-hop indirect communication path in coverage of a network device are described below.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140 is less than a first link quality threshold. Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement configuration may indicate that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140 is greater than a second link quality threshold.
[0124] For example, the network device 140 may provide measurement event B1 as the measurement configuration. The measurement event B1 indicates that the Uu link quality for the direct link between a U2N remote terminal device and serving cell, is below a configured threshold, and / or the indirect relay link quality for the second communication path is above a configured threshold.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the measurement result may include an identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, such as a list of candidate U2N intermediate terminal devices via their source L2 ID, destination L2 ID or local terminal device ID.
[0126] Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include a cell identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, such as the corresponding cell ID for each candidate U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0127] Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include a hop number of each candidate intermediate terminal device, such as the corresponding hop number for each U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0128] Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include a number of connected terminal devices for each candidate intermediate terminal device, such as the corresponding number of connected terminal devices for each U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0129] Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device, such as the corresponding measurement result (SL-RSRP / SD-RSRP) for each U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0130] Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include an identity of each candidate relay terminal device, such as a list of candidate U2N relay terminal devices via their source L2 ID, destination L2 ID, or local terminal device ID.
[0131] Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include a cell identity of each candidate relay terminal device, such as the corresponding cell ID for each candidate U2N relay terminal device.
[0132] Alternatively, or additionally, the measurement result may include a link quality for a direct link between each candidate relay terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device, such as the corresponding measurement result (SL-RSRP / SD-RSRP) for each U2N relay terminal device (between U2N relay terminal device and U2N intermediate terminal device) .
[0133] In some example embodiments, the switch information may include a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140. For example, the network device 140 may indicate whether the first terminal device 410 would switch into at least one of the following types of U2N relay link: a single-hop U2N relay path, multi-hop U2N relay path containing one intermediate terminal device with Hop number equal to 2, multi-hop U2N relay containing two intermediate terminal devices with Hop number equal to 3.
[0134] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may include an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, such as a L2 source ID, L2 destination ID, or local terminal device ID of the corresponding selected U2N relay terminal device.
[0135] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may include an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices, such as a L2 source ID, L2 destination ID, or local terminal device ID of the corresponding selected U2N intermediate terminal device (s) .
[0136] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may include an identity of the remote terminal device 120, such as a L2 source ID, L2 destination ID, or local terminal device ID of the corresponding selected U2N intermediate terminal device (s) .
[0137] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may include a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, such as the corresponding hop number for each selected U2N intermediate terminal device.
[0138] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may include a channel configuration for the second communication path, such as a PC5 relay RLC channel configuration for relay traffic.
[0139] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may include a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device 120 and the network device 140, such as an associated end-to-end Uu radio bearer configuration.
[0140] Alternatively, or additionally, the switch information may include an interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device 130 selected and the network device 140, such as an associated end-to-end Uu radio bearer configuration.
[0141] As an example, for the scenario in which a switch may be performed from a direct communication path to a multi-hop indirect communication path in coverage of a network device, after receiving the measurement reporting from a U2N remote terminal device, the network device 140 may determine whether to switch the U2N remote terminal device onto an indirect U2N relay link. In details, the network device 140 may provide the switch information towards the U2N remote terminal device, such as an multi-hop indication, IDs of the corresponding selected U2N relay terminal device, IDs of the corresponding selected U2N intermediate terminal device (s) , a local terminal device ID for the U2N remote terminal device, the corresponding hop number for each selected U2N intermediate terminal device, a PC5 Relay RLC channel configuration for relay traffic or an associated end-to-end Uu radio bearer (s) configuration.
[0142] Further, the network device 140 may provide the switch information towards the U2N relay terminal device, such as a multi-hop indication, a local terminal device ID for the U2N relay terminal device, IDs of the corresponding U2N remote terminal device, IDs of the corresponding U2N intermediate terminal device, the corresponding hop number for each selected U2N intermediate terminal device, a Uu Relay RLC channel, or a PC5 Relay RLC channel configuration.
[0143] Further, the network device 140 may provide the switch information towards the U2N intermediate terminal device if it is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, such as a multi-hop indication, IDs of the corresponding U2N relay terminal device, IDs of the corresponding U2N remote terminal device, IDs of the other U2N intermediate terminal device, the corresponding hop number for this U2N intermediate terminal device, or a PC5 Relay RLC channel configuration for relay traffic.
[0144] As another example, for the scenario in which a switch may be performed from a single-hop communication path to a multi-hop indirect communication path in coverage of a network device, if the relay terminal device is maintained the same, the network device 140 may send an indication, which indicates that the relay terminal device is maintained the same, towards the remote terminal device 120 instead of IDs of the selected relay terminal device. If the selected relay terminal device is not the current connected relay terminal device of the remote terminal device 130, the network device 140 may send a local terminal device ID for the selected relay terminal device towards the selected relay terminal device.
[0145] In some example embodiments, the second communication path may include an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device 120 and a relay terminal device, and the switch information may be received by the intermediate terminal device 110 after the intermediate terminal device 110 is triggered to be in an active state in response to a triggering indication from the relay terminal device.
[0146] For example, if the U2N intermediate terminal device is in the RRC_Idle / Inactive state, the network device 140 may instruct the corresponding U2N relay terminal device to trigger the U2N intermediate terminal device to access into the RRC_CONNECTED state. In detail, the network device 140 may provide an indication within the RRCReconfiguration message to the U2N relay terminal device, and the U2N relay terminal device may indicate the U2N intermediate terminal device to access into the RRC_CONNECTED state via the PC5 interface. In some examples, such an indication may be sent via a PC5-RRC message, SCI, or SL-MAC CE.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the second communication path may include an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device 120 and a relay terminal device, and the switch information may be forwarded to the intermediate terminal device 110 by the relay terminal device in response to an indication transmitted from the network device 140 to the relay terminal device.
[0148] For example, if the U2N intermediate terminal device is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state or the U2N intermediate terminal device is out of coverage, the network device 140 may instruct the connected U2N relay terminal device or U2N intermediate terminal device to forward the information-A towards the U2N intermediate terminal device. In some examples, the information-A may be sent via a PC5-RRC message, SCI, or SL-MAC CE.
[0149] In some examples, after receiving the switch information, the remote terminal device 130 may establish a PC5-RRC connection with the selected intermediate terminal device terminal device, and the selected intermediate terminal device may establish a PC5-RRC connection with the original relay terminal device, the selected relay terminal device, or the further selected intermediate terminal device.
[0150] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 500 implemented at a first terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the first terminal device 410 in FIG. 4.
[0151] At block 510, the first terminal device 410 obtains a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device.
[0152] At block 520, the first terminal device 410 transmits, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration.
[0153] At block 530, the first terminal device 410 receives, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0154] At block 540, the first terminal device 410 performs, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 receives the measurement configuration via a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 transmits the measurement configuration to a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the network device is greater than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a second link quality threshold.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a third link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a fourth link quality threshold.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the link quality for the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, an average link quality of the first link quality and the second link quality, an average link quality of the first link quality, the third link quality and the fourth link quality, or an average link quality of the second link quality, the third link quality and the fifth link quality.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 transmits the measurement result to a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 receives the measurement result from a third terminal device in the first communication path, and transmits the measurement result to a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement result comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, or a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 transmits, to the network device, at least one of: an identity of the remote terminal device, an identity of the at least one terminal device, an identity of a serving cell of a relay terminal device in the first communication path, or quality of service, QoS, information of an interface between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.
[0165] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 establishes a connection with the network device via the second communication path, and transmits response information to the network device.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 releases a resource associated with the first communication path.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the first terminal device 410 transmits, to a second terminal device in the first communication path, a link request message to release a resource associated with the first communication path.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0169] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0170] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0171] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0172] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.
[0173] In some example embodiments, the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a second link quality threshold.
[0174] In some example embodiments, the measurement result comprises at least one of: an identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a cell identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a hop number of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a number of connected terminal devices for each candidate intermediate terminal device, a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device, an identity of each candidate relay terminal device, a cell identity of each candidate relay terminal device, or a link quality for a direct link between each candidate relay terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the switch information comprises at least one of: a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device, an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices, an identity of the remote terminal device, a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, a channel configuration for the second communication path, a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device and the network device, or an interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device selected and the network device.
[0176] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the switch information is received by the intermediate terminal device after the intermediate terminal device is triggered to be in an active state in response to a triggering indication from the relay terminal device.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the switch information is forwarded to the intermediate terminal device by the relay terminal device in response to an indication transmitted from the network device to the relay terminal device.
[0178] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 600 implemented at a second terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the second terminal device 420 in FIG. 4.
[0179] At block 610, the second terminal device 420 forwards at least one of: a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device, or a measurement result based on the measurement configuration.
[0180] At block 620, the second terminal device 420 obtains switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0181] At block 630, the second terminal device 420 performs, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0182] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the second terminal device is further caused to: receive a triggering indication from the relay terminal device; and trigger to be in an active state based on the triggering indication.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the second terminal device 420 receives a link request message to release a resource associated with the first communication path; and releases the resource based on the link request message.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.
[0185] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.
[0186] In some example embodiments, the switch information comprises at least one of: a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device, an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices, an identity of the remote terminal device, a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, a channel configuration for the second communication path, a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device and the network device, or an interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device selected and the network device.
[0187] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 700 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the network device 140 in FIGS. 1 and 4.
[0188] At block 710, the network device 140 transmits, to one or more terminal devices in a first communication path between a remote terminal device and the network device, a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with the first communication path.
[0189] At block 720, the network device 140 receives, from the one or more terminal devices, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration.
[0190] At block 730, the network device 140 determines, based on the measurement result, to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0191] At block 740, the network device 140 transmits switch information indicating to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 transmits, to a first terminal device in the first communication path, the measurement configuration via a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the network device is greater than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a second link quality threshold.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a third link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a fourth link quality threshold.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the link quality for the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, an average link quality of the first link quality and the second link quality, an average link quality of the first link quality, the third link quality and the fourth link quality, or an average link quality of the second link quality, the third link quality and the fifth link quality.
[0196] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement result comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, or a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0197] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 receives, from a first terminal device in the first communication path, at least one of: an identity of the remote terminal device, an identity of the at least one terminal device, an identity of a serving cell of a relay terminal device in the first communication path, or quality of service, QoS, information of an interface between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0198] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 establishes, via the second communication path, a connection with a first terminal device in the first communication path, and receives response information from the first terminal device.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0201] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0202] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0204] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a second link quality threshold.
[0206] In some example embodiments, the measurement result comprises at least one of: an identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a hop number of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a number of connected terminal devices for each candidate intermediate terminal device, a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device, an identity of each candidate relay terminal device, a cell identity of each candidate relay terminal device, or a link quality for a direct link between each candidate relay terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device.
[0207] In some example embodiments, the switch information comprises at least one of: a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device, an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices, an identity of the remote terminal device, a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, a channel configuration for the second communication path, a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device and the network device, or an interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device selected and the network device.
[0208] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the relay terminal device, a triggering indication for triggering the intermediate terminal device to be in an active state.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the relay terminal device, a forwarding indication for instructing the relay terminal device to forward the switch information to the intermediate terminal device.
[0210] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 4 (the first terminal device 410, the second terminal device 420, or the network device 140) . Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first terminal device 410, the second terminal device 420, or the network device 140.
[0211] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 820 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 and a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0212] The program 830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable the device 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4-7. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 810 of the device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 810 and memory 820 may form processing means 850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0213] The memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 820 is shown in the device 800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 800. The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0214] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: obtain a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device; transmit, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; receive, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and perform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first terminal device as discussed above.
[0215] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: forward at least one of: a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device, or a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; obtain switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and perform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second terminal device as discussed above.
[0216] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to one or more terminal devices in a first communication path between a remote terminal device and the network device, a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with the first communication path; receive, from the one or more terminal devices, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; determine, based on the measurement result, to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device; and transmit switch information indicating to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0217] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0218] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first terminal apparatus is provided. The first terminal apparatus comprises means for obtaining a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device; means for transmitting, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; means for receiving, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and means for performing, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device. In some embodiments, the first terminal apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. In some example embodiments, the first terminal apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0219] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second terminal apparatus is provided. The second terminal apparatus comprises means for forwarding at least one of: a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device, or a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; means for obtaining switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and means for performing, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. In some example embodiments, the second terminal apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0220] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network apparatus is provided. The network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to one or more terminal devices in a first communication path between a remote terminal device and the network device, a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with the first communication path; means for receiving, from the one or more terminal devices, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; means for determining, based on the measurement result, to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device; and means for transmitting switch information indicating to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path. In some embodiments, the network apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0221] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0222] In an aspect, it is proposed a first terminal device, comprising: a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to: obtain a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device; transmit, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; receive, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and perform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0223] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is caused to: receive the measurement configuration via a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0224] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: transmit the measurement configuration to a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0225] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the network device is greater than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a second link quality threshold.
[0226] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a third link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a fourth link quality threshold.
[0227] In some embodiments, the link quality for the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, an average link quality of the first link quality and the second link quality, an average link quality of the first link quality, the third link quality and the fourth link quality, or an average link quality of the second link quality, the third link quality and the fifth link quality.
[0228] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: transmit the measurement result to a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0229] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: receive the measurement result from a third terminal device in the first communication path, and transmit the measurement result to a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0230] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement result comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, or a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0231] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: transmit, to the network device, at least one of: an identity of the remote terminal device, an identity of the at least one terminal device, an identity of a serving cell of a relay terminal device in the first communication path, or quality of service, QoS, information of an interface between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0232] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.
[0233] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: establish a connection with the network device via the second communication path, and transmit response information to the network device.
[0234] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: release a resource associated with the first communication path.
[0235] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: transmit, to a second terminal device in the first communication path, a link request message to release a resource associated with the first communication path.
[0236] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0237] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0238] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0239] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0240] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.
[0241] In some embodiments, the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a second link quality threshold.
[0242] In some embodiments, the measurement result comprises at least one of: an identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a cell identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a hop number of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a number of connected terminal devices for each candidate intermediate terminal device, a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device, an identity of each candidate relay terminal device, a cell identity of each candidate relay terminal device, or a link quality for a direct link between each candidate relay terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device.
[0243] In some embodiments, the switch information comprises at least one of: a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device, an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices, an identity of the remote terminal device, a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, a channel configuration for the second communication path, a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device and the network device, or an interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device selected and the network device.
[0244] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the switch information is received by the intermediate terminal device after the intermediate terminal device is triggered to be in an active state in response to a triggering indication from the relay terminal device.
[0245] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the switch information is forwarded to the intermediate terminal device by the relay terminal device in response to an indication transmitted from the network device to the relay terminal device.
[0246] In an aspect, it is proposed a second terminal device, comprising: a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to: forward at least one of: a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device, or a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; obtain switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; and perform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0247] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the second terminal device is further caused to: receive a triggering indication from the relay terminal device; and trigger to be in an active state based on the triggering indication.
[0248] In some embodiments, the second terminal device is further caused to: receive a link request message to release a resource associated with the first communication path; and release the resource based on the link request message.
[0249] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.
[0250] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.
[0251] In some embodiments, the switch information comprises at least one of: a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device, an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices, an identity of the remote terminal device, a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, a channel configuration for the second communication path, a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device and the network device, or an interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device selected and the network device.
[0252] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device, comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to one or more terminal devices in a first communication path between a remote terminal device and the network device, a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with the first communication path; receive, from the one or more terminal devices, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration; determine, based on the measurement result, to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device; and transmit switch information indicating to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path.
[0253] In some embodiments, the first terminal device is caused to: transmit, to a first terminal device in the first communication path, the measurement configuration via a second terminal device in the first communication path.
[0254] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the network device is greater than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a second link quality threshold.
[0255] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a third link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a fourth link quality threshold.
[0256] In some embodiments, the link quality for the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, an average link quality of the first link quality and the second link quality, an average link quality of the first link quality, the third link quality and the fourth link quality, or an average link quality of the second link quality, the third link quality and the fifth link quality.
[0257] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement result comprises at least one of: a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a further intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device, a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device, or a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0258] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: receive, from a first terminal device in the first communication path, at least one of: an identity of the remote terminal device, an identity of the at least one terminal device, an identity of a serving cell of a relay terminal device in the first communication path, or quality of service, QoS, information of an interface between the remote terminal device and the network device.
[0259] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.
[0260] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: establish, via the second communication path, a connection with a first terminal device in the first communication path, and receive response information from the first terminal device.
[0261] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0262] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, or that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.
[0263] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0264] In some embodiments, the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates: that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.
[0265] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of: a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path, a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; or a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.
[0266] In some embodiments, the measurement configuration indicates at least one of: that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a first link quality threshold, or that a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a second link quality threshold.
[0267] In some embodiments, the measurement result comprises at least one of: an identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a hop number of each candidate intermediate terminal device, a number of connected terminal devices for each candidate intermediate terminal device, a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device, an identity of each candidate relay terminal device, a cell identity of each candidate relay terminal device, or a link quality for a direct link between each candidate relay terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device.
[0268] In some embodiments, the switch information comprises at least one of: a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device, an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices, an identity of the remote terminal device, a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices, a channel configuration for the second communication path, a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device and the network device, or an interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device selected and the network device.
[0269] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the relay terminal device, a triggering indication for triggering the intermediate terminal device to be in an active state.
[0270] In some embodiments, the second communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the relay terminal device, a forwarding indication for instructing the relay terminal device to forward the switch information to the intermediate terminal device.
[0271] In an aspect, a first terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first terminal device discussed above.
[0272] In an aspect, a second terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second terminal device discussed above.
[0273] In an aspect, a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0274] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first terminal device discussed above.
[0275] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second terminal device discussed above.
[0276] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0277] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first terminal device discussed above.
[0278] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second terminal device discussed above.
[0279] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0280] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0281] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0282] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0283] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0284] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0285] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to:obtain a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device;transmit, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration;receive, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; andperform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first commu-nication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.2.The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of:that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the network device is greater than a first link quality threshold, orthat a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the net-work device is less than a second link quality threshold.3.The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of:that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a third link quality threshold, orthat a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the net-work device is less than a fourth link quality threshold.4.The first terminal device of claim 2 or 3, wherein the link quality for the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device comprises at least one of:a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device,a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device,a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a fur-ther intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located be-tween the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device,a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device,a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device,an average link quality of the first link quality and the second link quality,an average link quality of the first link quality, the third link quality and the fourth link quality, oran average link quality of the second link quality, the third link quality and the fifth link quality.5.The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote ter-minal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of:a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device,a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, ora switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.6.The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of:that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, orthat a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.7.The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of:that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the interme-diate terminal device is less than a first quality threshold, orthat a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device is greater than a second quality threshold.8.The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates:that a link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device is less than a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the relay terminal device.9.The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the second communication path com-prises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of:a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; ora switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.10.The first terminal device of claim 1, the measurement configuration indicates at least one of:that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is less than a first link quality threshold, orthat a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the net-work device is greater than a second link quality threshold.11.A second terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to:forward at least one of: a measurement configuration for a measurement associ-ated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device, or a measurement result based on the measurement configuration;obtain switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; andperform, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first commu-nication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.12.The second terminal device of claim 11, wherein the first communication path com-prises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of:a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with a relay terminal device to a connection with the network device,a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with a further intermediate terminal device to a connection with the network device,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with a relay terminal device, ora switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with the network device.13.The second terminal device of claim 11, wherein the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of:a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; ora switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.14.A network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:transmit, to one or more terminal devices in a first communication path between a remote terminal device and the network device, a measurement configuration for a measure-ment associated with the first communication path;receive, from the one or more terminal devices, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration;determine, based on the measurement result, to switch from the first communi-cation path to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the net-work device, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device; andtransmit switch information indicating to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path.15.The network device of claim 14, wherein the first communication path comprises an intermediate terminal device located between the remote terminal device and a relay terminal device, and the measurement configuration indicates at least one of:that a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and the network device is greater than a third link quality threshold, orthat a link quality for an indirect link between the remote terminal device and the net-work device is less than a fourth link quality threshold.16.The network device of claim 15, wherein the link quality for the indirect link be-tween the remote terminal device and the network device comprises at least one of:a first link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device,a second link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device,a third link quality for a direct link between the intermediate terminal device and a fur-ther intermediate terminal device, the further intermediate terminal device being located be-tween the remote terminal device and the intermediate terminal device or located between the intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device,a fourth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the remote terminal device,a fifth link quality for a direct link between the further intermediate terminal device and the relay terminal device,an average link quality of the first link quality and the second link quality,an average link quality of the first link quality, the third link quality and the fourth link quality, oran average link quality of the second link quality, the third link quality and the fifth link quality.17.The network device of claim 14, wherein the second communication path comprises the multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote ter-minal device and the network device, and the switch information indicates at least one of:a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with the network device to a connection with a relay terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path from a con-nection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with the network device to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path,a switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path; ora switch of the remote terminal device from a connection with a relay terminal device in the first communication path to a connection with an intermediate terminal device in the second communication path.18.The network device of claim 14, wherein the measurement result comprises at least one of:an identity of each candidate intermediate terminal device,a hop number of each candidate intermediate terminal device,a number of connected terminal devices for each candidate intermediate terminal device,a link quality for a direct link between the remote terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device,an identity of each candidate relay terminal device,a cell identity of each candidate relay terminal device, ora link quality for a direct link between each candidate relay terminal device and each candidate intermediate terminal device.19.The network device of claim 14, wherein the switch information comprises at least one of:a multi-hop indication indicating a type of the indirect link between the remote terminal device and the network device,an identity of an intermediate terminal device selected from the candidate intermediate terminal devices,an identity of a relay terminal devices selected from the candidate relay terminal devices,an identity of the remote terminal device,a hop number for the intermediate terminal devices selected from the candidate inter-mediate terminal devices,a channel configuration for the second communication path,a radio bearer configuration between the remote terminal device and the network device, oran interface configuration for an interface between the relay terminal device selected and the network device.20.A communication method implemented at a first terminal device, comprising:obtaining a measurement configuration for a measurement associated with a first communication path between a remote terminal device and a network device;transmitting, to the network device, a measurement result based on the measurement configuration;receiving, from the network device, switch information indicating to switch to a second communication path between the remote terminal device and the network device; andperforming, based on the switch information, a path switch from the first communication path to the second communication path, wherein at least one of the first communication path or the second communication path comprises a multi-hop relay path with the at least one terminal device located between the remote terminal device and the network device.