Methods of concealing sensitive information in mobile communications
By encrypting sensitive information with provisioned algorithms and keys, the method addresses the vulnerability of unsecured transmission in mobile communications, ensuring secure and reliable communication links.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK SINGAPORE PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
In mobile communications, sensitive information is transmitted over unsecured channels before network authentication and security activation, leaving it vulnerable to interception and manipulation.
Implementing encryption and concealment methods using provisioned algorithms and keys in user equipment (UE) to protect sensitive information, allowing secure communication establishment before NAS security procedures are activated.
Ensures secure transmission of sensitive information by verifying the authenticity of network nodes, preventing interception and manipulation, and establishing reliable communication links.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025138151_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS OF CONCEALING SENSITIVE INFORMATION IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure claims the priority benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 725,694, filed 27 November 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to mobile communications and, more particularly, to concealing sensitive information in mobile communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] In wireless communications such as mobile communications under the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification, when a user equipment (UE) registers to a network, they are typically mutually authenticated using, for example, a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) -based authentication method. After that the UE and network can negotiate integrity and confidentiality protected connection between the UE and the network using non-access stratum (NAS) security procedures. However, the UE may need to send sensitive information to network before NAS security is negotiated and activated. For example, parameters related to security activation such as supported security capabilities need to be indicated to the network by the UE over unsecure communication channel (s) . There may be also other parameters that may be sent without negotiated security but need integrity and confidentiality protection.
[0004] At the time of the present disclosure, there is no existing method for UEs to send or receive secured parameters to or from the network before authentication and security activation. Therefore, there is a need for a solution of concealing sensitive information in mobile communications.SUMMARY
[0005] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to propose solutions or schemes that address the issue (s) described herein. More specifically, various schemes proposed in the present disclosure are believed to provide solutions pertaining to concealing sensitive information in mobile communications. It is believed that implementations of one or more of the schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the issues described above.
[0007] In one aspect, a method may involve a first apparatus (e.g., a UE) performing concealment or encryption on information to generate concealed or encrypted information. The method may also involve the first apparatus communicating with a second apparatus (e.g., a network node of a network) using the concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a NAS security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the second apparatus.
[0008] In another aspect, a method may involve a first apparatus (e.g., a UE) communicating with a second apparatus (e.g., a network node of a network) using concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a NAS security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the second apparatus by: (a) receiving a message from the second apparatus with the concealed or encrypted information; and (b) determining whether the second apparatus is genuine by verifying the concealed or encrypted information.
[0009] In yet another aspect, an apparatus implementable in a UE may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may perform concealment or encryption on information to generate concealed or encrypted information. The processor may also communicate with one other apparatus (e.g., a network node of a network) using the concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a NAS security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the other apparatus.
[0010] It is noteworthy that, although the description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks, and network topologies such as 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) / Beyond Fifth-Generation (B5G) / 6th Generation (6G) mobile communications, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, 4th Generation (4G) / Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , vehicle-to-everything (V2X) , and non-terrestrial network (NTN) communications. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a second example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a second example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0020] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0021] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to concealing sensitive information in mobile communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ~ FIG. 8 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ~ FIG. 8.
[0023] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 involves a UE 110 in wireless communication with a wireless network 120 (e.g., a mobile network including an NTN and a TN) via a terrestrial network node 125 (e.g., an evolved Node-B (eNB) , a Next Generation Node-B (gNB) , or a transmission / reception point (TRP) ) and / or a non-terrestrial network node 128 (e.g., a satellite) . For example, the terrestrial network node 125 and / or the non-terrestrial network node 128 may form a non-terrestrial network (NTN) serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 110. In some implementations, the UE 110 may be an IoT device such as an NB-IoT UE or an enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UE (e.g., a bandwidth reduced low complexity (BL) UE or a coverage enhancement (CE) UE) . In such communication environment, the UE 110, the network 120, the terrestrial network node 125, and the non-terrestrial network node 128 may implement various schemes pertaining to concealing sensitive information in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below.
[0024] It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately. Moreover, as used herein, a lower layer may refer to a layer in the Evolved Packet System (EPS) Mobility Management (EMM) , 5th Generation Mobility Management (5GMM) or 6th Generation Mobility Management (6GMM) protocol stack that is lower than the radio resource control (RRC) layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio control link (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a physical (PHY) layer, or so forth.
[0025] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a UE (e.g., UE 110) may have parameters that enable a secured communication with a network (e.g., wireless network 120) before security is activated by signaling with the network. Such parameters may be, for example, provisioned by a home public land mobile network (PLMN) to a USIM associated with the UE or to the UE’s memory. The parameters may be used to protect messages before a normal NAS security activation. The algorithm and keys to protect the information may be stored safely in the UE or USIM. Such protected information may be decoded only by a home PLMN (HPLMN) that provisioned the keys and algorithms. An example of such is a method to protect UE identity in 5G where the UE’s identity (e.g., the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) ) is sent to the network only in a protected subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) format. Subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) concealment / encryption requires a home network public key stored in the USIM / UE and the SUCI de-concealment / decryption is performed by the Unified Data Management (UDM) network function using a corresponding private key.
[0026] Under the proposed scheme, such a method (using a public key and a corresponding private key) may be extended to other information or information elements sent by the UE in an uplink (UL) direction to the network as well as be used also in a downlink (DL) message from the network to the UE.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an example design 200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 200 may pertain to a design of a structure of messages transmitted in the UL and DL directions under various proposed schemes (e.g., in the example use cases described herein) . Referring to FIG. 2, the message may include a plurality of cleartext information elements (IEs) and one or more non-cleartext IEs. The non-cleartext IE (s) may be concealed / encrypted, for example, by UE-supported security algorithm (s) .
[0028] One example use case for uplink direction is that the UE may provide the network with the UE’s supported security algorithms. In current systems, a bidding down attack (e.g., a “man-in-the-middle" altering UE provided information) is possible, for example, in a case where the security algorithm information sent as cleartext in an initial message sent by the UE to the network is altered. The UE may protect / conceal / encrypt the supported security algorithm information using provisioned algorithm (e.g., a public key) and the information cannot be altered by “the man-in-the-middle" but may be de-concealed / decrypted only by a home PLMN function (or a network function) storing / owning and using the corresponding private key.
[0029] Another example use case for uplink direction is that the UE may provide the network with a parameter that may be protected / concealed / encrypted by the UE using a provisioned algorithm (e.g., a public key) . The network may reply to the UE with the same parameter, or some other parameter derived from the UE originated parameter, to confirm that the uplink message was processed and decrypted by a home PLMN function (or a network function) storing / owning and using the corresponding private key. With this method the network may reply to the UE in a reliable way (from UE perspective) when normal NAS security function (s) cannot be used for protecting the message. This may happen, for example, when a subscription does not exist (e.g., subscription is closed) and USIM’s data does not exist in operator’s databases and the network needs to reject the UE indicating in a reject message (e.g., UE identity cannot be derived) . If the network cannot reply with the parameter correctly the UE may consider the network / cell as invalid or rogue.
[0030] Another example use case for uplink direction is that the UE may provide the network with a parameter that may be protected / concealed / encrypted by the UE using a provisioned algorithm (e.g., a public key) . In addition, the UE may send its concealed identity (e.g., SUPI / SUCI in 5GS) to the network. Correspondingly, the network may derive a reply as explained in the previous example. The derivation may be based on the unconcealed identity, using some pre-defined method, and the network may reply to the UE with the derived parameter. When the UE receives the replied derived parameter, the UE may compare and confirm that the network derived the parameter correctly based on the UE’s identity and then response is proven to be received from a real home PLMN function (or a network function) . In this method, even if the replied parameter may be sent as clear text, it is not possible to reverse-engineer the used provisioned algorithm / key as each UE with unique identity may produce a uniquely derived replied parameter.
[0031] There may be also parameters / information that the network sends to the UE (e.g., in a downlink) in a concealed format (encrypted) and the UE, at reception of such parameters / information, may decode them using stored security parameters (e.g., using a stored private key) . As a result of being able to successfully decrypt the parameters / information and / or comparing received information to a piece of information stored in the UE, the UE may confirm that they are sent by a genuine home PLMN. This may be useful, for example, in cases where the subscription is not valid in which case the network needs to reject the UE indicating in a rejection (e.g., UE identity cannot be derived) . For instance, for the purpose to reject the UE, the network may send to the UE the rejection including some (if not all) parameters / information protected with home PLMN security parameters (e.g., a public key) to the UE. With this method the network may reject the UE in a reliable way (from UE perspective) also when the UE subscription does not exist, as normal NAS security function (s) cannot be used for protecting the message. One option is to use the key stored in USIM that is normally used as the root of 3GPP security functions (known as ” K” in 3gpp security specifications) or a key derived from that “K” as a key to protect the messages from network to UE.
[0032] In all the example use cases provided above, the concealed parameter sent by the UE may have a limited lifetime. For example, the UE may keep the parameter value for a certain time or until certain procedure between the UE and the network has been performed. After that the UE may either delete the stored parameter or refrain from using that parameter value in subsequent procedures with the network. If the network uses (e.g., replies the parameter) after the UE has deleted it, then the UE may consider the replied parameter is no more valid and may, for example, ignore the response or consider that the network is rogue or invalid. If the UE sent the concealed parameter but the network does not include a replied parameter in response to UE, the UE may consider the network to be invalid or rogue. In some use cases, the network may indicate in response to UE that the network cannot reply the parameter (e.g., if the PLMN has no connection to UE’s HPLMN) .
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario 300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 300 may pertain to concealing information in the UL direction. Referring to FIG. 3, a UE (e.g., UE 110) may transmit a registration request to a network (e.g., wireless network 120) in which sensitive information (e.g., the UE’s supported security algorithms or a parameter that may be protected / concealed / encrypted by the UE using a provisioned algorithm, such as a public key) concealed / encrypted in accordance with various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. Although a man in the middle (e.g., a rogue network) may intercept the registration request, it may not be able to decrypt (and thus modify) the concealed information before forwarding the registration request to the network. Upon receipt of the registration request, the network may be able to decrypt the concealed information (e.g., by using a private key) and, in response, perform negotiation with the UE using stronger security algorithms.
[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario 400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 400 may pertain to using concealed UL information in response. Referring to Fig. 4, a UE (e.g., UE 110) may transmit a registration request to a network (e.g., wireless network 120) in which sensitive information (e.g., a parameter X) concealed / encrypted in accordance with various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. Although a man in the middle (e.g., a rogue network) may intercept the registration request, it may not be able to decrypt (and thus modify) the concealed information before forwarding the registration request to the network. Upon receipt of the registration request with the concealed parameter X, the network may be able to decrypt the concealed information (e.g., by using a private key) and determine that the UE’s subscription is not valid (e.g., due to expiry) . In response, the network may transmit a registration rejection with the parameter X to the UE. The UE may verify the parameter X in the reply from the network by comparing the parameter X in the reply with the parameter X in the registration request. Upon determining that there is a match, the UE may consider the registration reject from the network as being genuine.
[0035] FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 500 may pertain to concealing information in the DL direction. Referring to FIG. 5, a UE (e.g., UE 110) may transmit a registration request to a network (e.g., wireless network 120) . In replying to the UE, the network may conceal some part of certain information and include the concealed information in a registration rejection before transmitting the registration rejection to the UE. Although a man in the middle (e.g., a rogue network) may intercept the registration request, it may not be able to decrypt (and thus modify) the concealed information before forwarding the registration rejection to the UE. Upon receipt of the registration rejection, the UE may be able to decrypt the concealed information (e.g., by using a private key) and compare the decrypted concealed information with a stored information to verify that the registration rejection (and / or the network) as being genuine. Accordingly, the UE will not re-attempt the registration procedure with the network.
[0036] As an illustrative example of one or more of the proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, with respect to using unconcealed identity to derive a response parameter, a UE (e.g., UE 110) may perform a mathematical operation on its SUPI with a cleartext parameter (e.g., by using a well-known predefined formula such as multiplication) . For instance, cleartext parameter x SUPI = 23459872345897. The UE may conceal the cleartext parameter to generate a concealed parameter (e.g., xyz-parameter) . The UE may also conceal its SUPI (e.g., stored in a USIM) to generate a corresponding SUCI. Then, the UE may transmit a UL message to a network (e.g., wireless network 120) including the concealed xyz-parameter and SUCI. Upon receipt of the UL message, the network may be able to decrypt the SUCI and xyz-parameter to obtain the UE’s SUPI and the cleartext parameter, respectively. The network may further perform a mathematical operation on its SUPI with a cleartext parameter (e.g., by using a well-known predefined formula, such as multiplication, as that used by the UE) . For instance, cleartext parameter x SUPI = 23459872345897. Moreover, the network may take a portion or a derivation of the result of the mathematical operation (e.g., a random length sample from the least-significant bytes of the result, such as the minimum 4 bytes) and transmit that portion of the result in a DL message to the UE. For instance, the network may take “5897” from “23459872345897” and include it in the DL message. Upon receipt of the DL message, the UE may compare its “23459872345897” to the received “5897” and, due to a positive match, may deem the network as authenticated (e.g., secure) . Illustrative Implementations
[0037] FIG. 6 illustrates an example communication system 600 having at least an example apparatus 610 and an example apparatus 620 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to concealing sensitive information in mobile communications, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above, including network environment 100, as well as processes described below.
[0038] Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a network apparatus or a UE (e.g., UE 110) , such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a vehicular device or a vehicle, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, an electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a roadside unit (RSU) , a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 610 and / or apparatus 620 may be implemented in an eNB in an LTE, LTE-Advanced or LTE-Advanced Pro network or in a gNB or TRP in a 5G network, an NR network, or an IoT network.
[0039] In some implementations, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors, or one or more reduced-instruction-set-computing (RISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in or as a network apparatus or a UE. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 6 such as a processor 612 and a processor 622, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 are neither shown in FIG. 6 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0040] In one aspect, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC or RISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 612 and processor 622, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 612 and processor 622 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged, and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to concealing sensitive information in mobile communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0041] In some implementations, apparatus 610 may also include a transceiver 616 coupled to processor 612. Transceiver 616 may be capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 616 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of wireless networks of different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some implementations, transceiver 616 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 616 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. In some implementations, apparatus 620 may also include a transceiver 626 coupled to processor 622. Transceiver 626 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 626 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs / wireless networks of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 626 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 626 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for MIMO wireless communications.
[0042] In some implementations, apparatus 610 may further include a memory 614 coupled to processor 612 and capable of being accessed by processor 612 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 620 may further include a memory 624 coupled to processor 622 and capable of being accessed by processor 622 and storing data therein. Each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0043] Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 610, as a UE (e.g., UE 110) , and apparatus 620, as a network node (e.g., network node 125) of a network (e.g., wireless network 120 as a 5G / NR mobile network) , is provided below in the context of example processes 700 and 800. Illustrative Processes
[0044] FIG. 7 illustrates an example process 700 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 700 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 700 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to concealing sensitive information in mobile communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 700 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 700 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 700 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 7 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 700 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 700 may be implemented by or in apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 700 is described below in the context of apparatus 610 as a UE (e.g., UE 110) and apparatus 620 as a communication entity such as a network node (e.g., non-terrestrial network node 128 or terrestrial network node 125) of a network (e.g., wireless network 120) . Process 700 may begin at block 710.
[0045] At 710, process 700 may involve processor 612 of apparatus 610, as a first apparatus or a UE, performing concealment or encryption on information to generate concealed or encrypted information. Process 700 may proceed from 710 to 720.
[0046] At 720, in response to receiving the indication, process 700 may involve processor 612 communicating, via transceiver 616, with apparatus 720 as a second apparatus (e.g., as non-terrestrial network node 128 or terrestrial network node 125) using the concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a NAS security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the second apparatus.
[0047] In some implementations, in performing the concealment or encryption, process 700 may involve processor 612 concealing or encrypting the information using an algorithm or public key provisioned by a home PLMN. In some implementations, the algorithm or public key may be stored in a USIM or a memory of the UE.
[0048] In some implementations, in communicating with the second apparatus, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting an UL or DL message with the concealed or encrypted information mixed with cleartext information (e.g., one or more cleartext IEs) . Moreover, the concealed or encrypted information may include a non-cleartext IE.
[0049] In some implementations, in communicating with the second apparatus, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting to the second apparatus a security algorithm supported by the UE. Moreover, the information that is concealed or encrypted may include the security algorithm.
[0050] In some implementations, in communicating with the second apparatus, process 700 may involve processor 612 performing certain operations. For instance, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting to the second apparatus a first parameter to be protected by an algorithm or public key provisioned by a home PLMN. Additionally, responsive to the transmitting, process 700 may involve processor 612 receiving from the second apparatus a reply with a second parameter or with a third parameter derived from the first parameter. Furthermore, process 700 may involve processor 612 comparing the first parameter and the second parameter or the third parameter to determine whether the second apparatus is genuine or rogue. The information that is concealed or encrypted may include the first parameter. Moreover, process 700 may involve processor 612 determining the second apparatus as genuine responsive to the second parameter or the third parameter matching the first parameter or a portion or a derivation of the first parameter. The second parameter may be identical to the first parameter, and the third parameter may be derived from the first parameter.
[0051] In some implementations, a parameter value of the concealed or encrypted information may have a limited lifetime. Accordingly, the first apparatus may keep the parameter value for a predefined amount of time or until a procedure between the first apparatus and the second apparatus has been performed. In some implementations, upon expiry of the parameter value, process 700 may involve processor 612 performing certain operations. For instance, process 700 may involve processor 612 deleting or refraining from using the parameter value in procedures with the second apparatus. Additionally, process 700 may involve processor 612 considering the second apparatus as rogue or invalid in an event of receiving a message from the second apparatus with the parameter value.
[0052] FIG. 8 illustrates an example process 800 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 800 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 800 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to concealing sensitive information in mobile communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 800 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 800 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 800 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 8 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 800 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 800 may be implemented by or in apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 800 is described below in the context of apparatus 610 as a UE (e.g., UE 110) and apparatus 620 as a communication entity such as a network node (e.g., non-terrestrial network node 128 or terrestrial network node 125) of a network (e.g., wireless network 120) . Process 800 may begin at block 810.
[0053] At 810, process 800 may involve processor 612 of apparatus 610, as a first apparatus or a UE, communicating, via transceiver 616, with apparatus 720 as a second apparatus (e.g., as non-terrestrial network node 128 or terrestrial network node 125) using concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a NAS security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the second apparatus by performing operations represented by 812 and 824.
[0054] At 812, process 800 may involve processor 612 receiving a message from the second apparatus with the concealed or encrypted information. Processor 800 may proceed from 812 to 814.
[0055] At 814, process 800 may involve processor 612 determining whether the second apparatus is genuine by verifying the concealed or encrypted information.
[0056] In some implementations, in determining, process 800 may involve processor 612 performing certain operations. For instance, process 800 may involve processor 612 decrypting the concealed or encrypted information to obtain a second parameter. Additionally, process 800 may involve processor 612 comparing the second parameter with a first parameter stored in a USIM or a memory of the first apparatus. Moreover, process 800 may involve processor 612: (a) determining the second apparatus as genuine responsive to a match between the second parameter and the first parameter or a portion or a derivation of the first parameter; or (b) determining the second apparatus as invalid responsive to no match between the second parameter with any portion of the first parameter. Additional Notes
[0057] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0058] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0059] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0060] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:performing, by a processor of a first apparatus, concealment or encryption on information to generate concealed or encrypted information; andcommunicating, by the processor, with a second apparatus using the concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a non-access stratum (NAS) security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the second apparatus.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the concealment or encryption comprises concealing or encrypting the information using an algorithm or public key provisioned by a home public land mobile network (PLMN) .3.The method of Claim 2, wherein the algorithm or public key is stored in a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) or a memory of the UE.4.The method of Claim 1, wherein the communicating with the second apparatus comprises transmitting an uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) message with the concealed or encrypted information mixed with cleartext information, and wherein the concealed or encrypted information comprises a non-cleartext IE.5.The method of Claim 1, wherein the communicating with the second apparatus comprises transmitting to the second apparatus a security algorithm supported by the UE, and wherein the information that is concealed or encrypted comprises the security algorithm.6.The method of Claim 1, wherein the communicating with the second apparatus comprises:transmitting to the second apparatus a first parameter to be protected by an algorithm or public key provisioned by a home public land mobile network (PLMN) ;responsive to the transmitting, receiving from the second apparatus a reply with a second parameter or with a third parameter derived from the first parameter; andcomparing the first parameter and the second parameter or the third parameter to determine whether the second apparatus is genuine or rogue,wherein the information that is concealed or encrypted comprises the first parameter.7.The method of Claim 6, wherein the communicating with the second apparatus further comprises:determining the second apparatus as genuine responsive to the second parameter or the third parameter matching the first parameter or a portion or a derivation of the first parameter,wherein the second parameter is identical to the first parameter, andwherein the third parameter is derived from the first parameter.8.The method of Claim 1, wherein a parameter value of the concealed or encrypted information has a limited lifetime, and wherein the first apparatus keeps the parameter value for a predefined amount of time or until a procedure between the first apparatus and the second apparatus has been performed.9.The method of Claim 8, upon expiry of the parameter value, further comprising either or both:deleting or refraining from using the parameter value in procedures with the second apparatus; andconsidering the second apparatus as rogue or invalid in an event of receiving a message from the second apparatus with the parameter value.10.A method, comprising:communicating, by a processor of a first apparatus, with a second apparatus using concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a non-access stratum (NAS) security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the second apparatus by:receiving a message from the second apparatus with the concealed or encrypted information; anddetermining whether the second apparatus is genuine by verifying the concealed or encrypted information.11.The method of Claim 10, wherein the determining comprises:decrypting the concealed or encrypted information to obtain a second parameter;comparing the second parameter with a first parameter stored in a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) or a memory of the first apparatus; anddetermining the second apparatus as genuine responsive to a match between the second parameter and the first parameter or a portion or a derivation of the first parameter; ordetermining the second apparatus as invalid responsive to no match between the second parameter with any portion of the first parameter.12.An apparatus implementable in a user equipment (UE) , comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda procedure coupled the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising:performing concealment or encryption on information to generate concealed or encrypted information; andcommunicating, via the transceiver, with one other apparatus using the concealed or encrypted information before or without performing a non-access stratum (NAS) security procedure to establish a secured communication link with the other apparatus.13.The apparatus of Claim 12, wherein the performing of the concealment or encryption comprises concealing or encrypting the information using an algorithm or public key provisioned by a home public land mobile network (PLMN) .14.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the algorithm or public key is stored in a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) or a memory of the UE.15.The apparatus of Claim 12, wherein the communicating with the other apparatus comprises transmitting an uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) message with the concealed or encrypted information mixed with cleartext information, and wherein the concealed or encrypted information comprises a non-cleartext IE.16.The apparatus of Claim 12, wherein the communicating with the other apparatus comprises transmitting to the other apparatus a security algorithm supported by the UE, and wherein the information that is concealed or encrypted comprises the security algorithm.17.The apparatus of Claim 12, wherein the communicating with the other apparatus comprises:transmitting to the other apparatus a first parameter to be protected by an algorithm or public key provisioned by a home public land mobile network (PLMN) ;responsive to the transmitting, receiving from the other apparatus a reply with a second parameter or with a third parameter derived from the first parameter; andcomparing the first parameter and the second parameter or the third parameter to determine whether the other apparatus is genuine or rogue,wherein the information that is concealed or encrypted comprises the first parameter.18.The apparatus of Claim 17, wherein the communicating with the other apparatus further comprises:determining the other apparatus as genuine responsive to the second parameter or the third parameter matching the first parameter or a portion or a derivation of the first parameter,wherein the second parameter is identical to the first parameter, andwherein the third parameter is derived from the first parameter.19.The apparatus of Claim 12, wherein a parameter value of the concealed or encrypted information has a limited lifetime, and wherein the first apparatus keeps the parameter value for a predefined amount of time or until a procedure between the first apparatus and the other apparatus has been performed.20.The apparatus of Claim 19, upon expiry of the parameter value, further comprising either or both:deleting or refraining from using the parameter value in procedures with the other apparatus; andconsidering the other apparatus as rogue or invalid in an event of receiving a message from the other apparatus with the parameter value.