Aqueous pigment paste, mill-base, process of producing the same and aqueous coating composition containing the same
The described process for producing titanium dioxide pigment paste improves dispersibility and stability by mixing specific additives with titanium dioxide pigment and milling, addressing inefficiencies in existing methods and enhancing coating formulation quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BASF COATINGS GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for producing titanium dioxide pigment pastes require high shear and high-energy milling, leading to inefficiencies and suboptimal dispersibility of particles, which affects the quality and stability of coating formulations.
A process involving the sequential mixing of carboxylic acid, tertiary monoalkanolamine, and polyalkylene glycol with titanium dioxide pigment, followed by the addition of a film-forming resin and milling under stirring, results in an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste with excellent dispersibility and stability.
The process achieves high manufacturing efficiency and excellent dispersibility of titanium dioxide particles, enhancing the stability and applicability of the resulting aqueous coating compositions, particularly in automotive applications.
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Figure PCTCN2025140299-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025140299-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025140299-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Aqueous pigment paste, mill-base, process of producing the same and aqueous coating composition containing the sameTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to an aqueous pigment paste. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, a mill-base, an aqueous coating composition comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, an aqueous coating composition comprising or formed from the mill-base of the present disclosure, and a process of producing the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.BACKGROUND
[0002] Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used as pigment in various applications, such as in the manufacture of coatings (such as paints) . In the manufacture of coatings, titanium dioxide may firstly be formulated into a pigment paste, then added in form of the pigment paste to a ready-to-use coating formulation. As titanium dioxide pigment is generally used in form of particles (such as powders) , it is very important that titanium dioxide particles will have good dispersibility in these systems, which will lead to further qualities of the obtained coating formulation, such as good coloring effects of the pigment and good stability of the coating formulation during storage and application.
[0003] Here, WO2006 / 010438 disclosed an aqueous dispersion comprising titanium dioxide powder, amino alcohol having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and carboxylic acid from the group comprising dibasic carboxylic acids and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. However, in production of this dispersion, high shear (3,000 rpm) for pre-dispersion and high-energy mill for final dispersion were required.
[0004] Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide an aqueous pigment paste wherein titanium dioxide pigment particles have excellent dispersibility therein, at the same time such aqueous pigment paste can be obtained with high manufacturing efficiency.
[0005] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0006] It is an object of the disclosure to provide an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, produced by a process comprising steps in sequence of:
[0007] (1) mixing component (b) a carboxylic acid, component (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine, and component (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, in component (e) water and an optional water-miscible solvent, to obtain a dispersant mixture;
[0008] (2) adding component (a) a titanium dioxide pigment to the dispersant mixture from step (1) to obtain a mixture of dispersant and pigment;
[0009] (3) adding component (f) a film-forming resin to the mixture of dispersant and pigment from step (2) to obtain a mill-base; and
[0010] (4) milling the mill-base from step (3) to obtain the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste,
[0011] wherein step (2) and step (3) are carried out under stirring.
[0012] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process of producing an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, comprising steps (1) to (4) of the present disclosure.
[0013] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a mill-base, comprising:
[0014] (a) a titanium dioxide pigment;
[0015] (b) an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule;
[0016] (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine;
[0017] (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof;
[0018] (e) water; and
[0019] (f) a film-forming resin,
[0020] wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 mass%, preferably 50 -60 mass%, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the amount of the residual of the mill-base after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter is 2.5%by mass or less, preferably 2.2%by mass or less, more preferably 1.5%by mass or less, such as 1.0%by mass or less, based on the total mass of the mill-base; and the mill-base has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.
[0021] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an aqueous coating composition comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure, or comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained by milling the mill-base of the present disclosure.
[0022] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide the use of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure for formulating an aqueous coating composition, in particular for automobile.
[0023] The titanium dioxide pigment particles have excellent dispersibility in all the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, the mill-base, and the aqueous coating composition of the disclosure. All the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste and the aqueous coating composition of the present disclosure have excellent stability, in particular excellent storage stability. At the same time, the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste and mill mass of the present disclosure can be obtained easily and with high manufacturing efficiency. The process of the disclosure can be carried out easily and with high manufacturing efficiency too. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, the mill-base, and the aqueous coating composition of the present disclosure are highly applicable in various applications, especially in automative industry. For example, they are highly applicable for coating automative bodies, in particular as aqueous basecoat composition.
[0024] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0025] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which the disclosure belongs. As used herein, the following terms have the meanings ascribed to them below, unless specified otherwise.
[0026] The articles “a” , “an” and “the” mean one or more of the species designated by the term following said article.
[0027] In the context of the present disclosure, the terms “comprise” , “comprising” , etc. are used interchangeably with “contain” , “containing” , etc. and are to be interpreted in a non-limiting, open manner. That is, e.g., further components or elements may be present. The expressions “consists of” or “consists essentially of” or cognates, if used, may be embraced within “comprises” or cognates.
[0028] In the context of the present disclosure, for convenience, “resin” is used in this disclosure to encompass resin, oligomer, and polymer.
[0029] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “aqueous” , when being used to define a system, means the amount of water in the system is at least 40%by mass, based on the total mass of water and solvents contained in the system. For example, in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure, the amount of water in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure is at least 40%by mass, based on the total mass of water and solvents contained in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0030] In the context of the present disclosure, any specific values mentioned for a feature (comprising the specific values mentioned in a range as the end point) can be recombined to form a new range.
[0031] Further embodiments of the present disclosure are discernible from the claims, the description, and the examples. It will be understood that the aforementioned and hereinbelow still to be elucidated features of the subject matter of the present disclosure are utilizable not only in the particular combination indicated, but also in other combinations without leaving the realm of the present disclosure.
[0032] Aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste
[0033] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, produced by a process comprising steps in sequence of:
[0034] (1) mixing component (b) a carboxylic acid, component (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine, and component (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, in component (e) water and an optional water-miscible solvent, to obtain a dispersant mixture;
[0035] (2) adding component (a) a titanium dioxide pigment to the dispersant mixture from step (1) to obtain a mixture of dispersant and pigment;
[0036] (3) adding component (f) a film-forming resin to the mixture of dispersant and pigment from step (2) to obtain a mill-base; and
[0037] (4) milling the mill-base from step (3) to obtain the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste,
[0038] wherein step (2) and step (3) are carried out under stirring.
[0039] Step (1)
[0040] Step (1) of the present disclosure is mixing component (b) , component (c) and component (d) , in component (e) and an optional water-miscible solvent, to obtain a dispersant mixture.
[0041] Component (b) of the present disclosure is a carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid useful as component (b) may further have one or more functional groups in the molecule. Preferably, the carboxylic acid useful as component (b) may further have hydroxy group.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (b) is selected from a group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, preferably C2 to C30 (for example C3, C4, C6, C8, C12, C18, C20 or C24) , especially C3 to C20, aliphatic carboxylic acid, having hydroxy group in the molecule, and an aromatic carboxylic acid, preferably C6 to C30, especially C6 to C20 or C6 to C10, aromatic carboxylic acid, having hydroxy group in the molecule, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, component (b) is aliphatic.
[0043] More preferably, component (b) is an aliphatic carboxylic acid, in particular component (b) is an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, in particular an aliphatic hydroxy acid having 2 to 7 (for example 3, 4, 5 or 6) , preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, more preferably component (b) is an C3 to C15 (for example C3, C4, C6, C8, C10 or C12) aliphatic hydroxy acid, preferably C3 to C10 aliphatic hydroxy acid, having 2 to 7 (for example 3, 4, 5 or 6) , preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, in particular component (b) is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and mixtures thereof.
[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (b) is citric acid.
[0045] The amount of component (b) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure may be determined on the basis of the amount of component (a) . Preferably, the amount of component (b) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the disclosure is 0.02-1 parts by mass, such as 0.02 parts by mass, 0.04 parts by mass, 0.06 parts by mass, 0.08 parts by mass, 0.1 parts by mass, 0.2 parts by mass, 0.3 parts by mass, 0.4 parts by mass, 0.5 parts by mass, 0.6 parts by mass, 0.7 parts by mass, 0.8 parts by mass, 0.9 parts by mass, 1 parts by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 0.04-0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.06-0.25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0046] Component (c) of the present disclosure is a tertiary monoalkanolamine. Preferably, component (c) is a tertiary monoalkanolamine having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms, or any number of carbon atoms between these values, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably, component (c) is selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylisopropanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof.
[0047] The amount of component (c) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure may be determined on the basis of the amount of component (b) . Preferably, the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 0.5-5.5, such as 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.5, or any molar ratio between these values, preferably 1.0-4.5, more preferably 1.5-3.5.
[0048] Component (d) of the present disclosure is a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof. Preferably, the alkylene of component (d) has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
[0049] As examples of the derivative of polyalkylene glycol, ethers of polyalkylene glycol with an alcohol may be mentioned. Alcohol for obtaining such polyalkylene glycol ethers may include aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, including monohydric alcohol, diol, and polyol having more than two hydroxy groups, preferably 3 to 10 hydroxy groups, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 hydroxy groups. Preferably, alcohol for obtaining such polyalkylene glycol ethers may have 1 to 40 carbon atoms, such as 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 carbon atoms, or any number of carbon atoms between these values, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (d) of the present disclosure is derived from a starting molecule containing at least 2, for example 2 to 10 or 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups.
[0051] Preferably, component (d) of the present disclosure is selected from a group consisting of polypropylene glycol, glyceryl polypropylene glycol, diglyceryl polypropylene glycol, sorbitol polypropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
[0052] Preferably, component (d) of the present disclosure has a mass average molecular weight of 500 -5,000 g / mol, such as 500 g / mol, 600 g / mol, 700 g / mol, 800 g / mol, 900 g / mol, 1000 g / mol, 1200 g / mol, 1400 g / mol, 1600 g / mol, 1800 g / mol, 2000 g / mol, 2200 g / mol, 2400 g / mol, 2600 g / mol, 2800 g / mol, 3000 g / mol, 3200 g / mol, 3400 g / mol, 3600 g / mol, 3800 g / mol, 4000 g / mol, 4200 g / mol, 4400 g / mol, 4600 g / mol, 4800 g / mol, 5000 g / mol, or any mass average molecular weight between these values, preferably 600 -4,500 g / mol.
[0053] The amount of component (d) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure may be determined on the basis of the amount of component (a) . Preferably, the amount of component (d) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the disclosure is 0.5-20 parts by mass, such as 0.5 parts by mass, 1 parts by mass, 2 parts by mass, 3 parts by mass, 4 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass, 6 parts by mass, 7 parts by mass, 8 parts by mass, 9 parts by mass, 10 parts by mass, 11 parts by mass, 12 parts by mass, 13 parts by mass, 14 parts by mass, 15 parts by mass, 16 parts by mass, 17 parts by mass, 18 parts by mass, 19 parts by mass, and 20 parts by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 1.0-15 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5-10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0054] Component (e) of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure is water. Component (e) may be selected from a group consisting of deionized water, distilled water, and pure water. Preferably, component (e) is deionized water.
[0055] The amount of component (e) may be determined according to the amounts of the other components in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure. For example, the amount of component (e) may be in the range of 10 to 30 %by mass, such as 10 %by mass, 15 %by mass, 20%by mass, 25 %by mass, 30 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 15 –25 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0056] Optionally, a water-miscible solvent may be added in step (1) as component (g) . The water-miscible solvent suitable for the present disclosure contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms, for example 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
[0057] Preferably, the water-miscible solvent suitable for the present disclosure is selected from a group consisting of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, di-ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, tri-ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono methyl ether, di-propylene glycol mono methyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
[0058] The amount of the water-miscible solvent in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure preferably is in the range of 0 -20 %by mass, such as 0 %by mass, 5 %by mass, 10 %by mass, 15 %by mass, 20 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 0 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0059] Step (1) of the present disclosure may be carried out under ambient pressure and temperature, preferably under normal pressure and temperature. Preferably, Step (1) of the present disclosure may be carried out with stirring at conventional stirring rates, such as in the range of 300-1500 rpm, preferable 500-1200 rpm.
[0060] Step (2)
[0061] Step (2) of the present disclosure is adding component (a) a titanium dioxide pigment to the dispersant mixture from step (1) to obtain a mixture of dispersant and pigment.
[0062] Generally, titanium dioxide pigment is commercially produced by the "chloride" or "sulfate" process. In a “chloride” process, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) is oxidized in the vapor phase with an oxygen-containing gas, typically in the presence of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) , to produce a hot gaseous suspension of TiO2 solid particulate. This crude TiO2 paniculate may be then subjected to certain finishing and grinding treatment to obtain desired final TiO2 pigment product. In a "sulfate" process, titanium ore is dissolved into sulfuric acid which is followed by filtration steps to remove any insoluble metal sulfates, hydrolysis of the titanyl sulfate to titanium hydroxide, and then a calcination step to produce either rutile or anatase TiO2 pigment.
[0063] Both rutile titanium dioxide pigment and anatase titanium dioxide pigment are applicable for the purpose of the present disclosure, either being used alone or as a mixture thereof. Preferably, the titanium dioxide pigment used in the present disclosure is rutile titanium dioxide pigment.
[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, component (a) is a rutile titanium dioxide pigment produced by “chloride” process.
[0065] It is preferable that titanium dioxide pigment useful in the present disclosure has a high purity of at least 70%by mass, preferably at least 80%by mass, such as 90%by mass or more.
[0066] Titanium dioxide pigment is used in form of particles (e.g., powders) in the present disclosure, preferably with average primary particle size D50 in a range of 0.1 to 0.8μm, such as 0.1 to 0.6μm.
[0067] Within the meaning of the present disclosure, the term “D50” refers to the particle size in number of the titanium dioxide pigment of the present disclosure measured according to ISO 13320 EN: 2009-10, wherein 50%of the particles of the titanium dioxide pigment by number lie below said value.
[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (a) of the present disclosure is Titanium dioxide pigment Ti-Pure R-706 (proprietary name, obtained from The Chemours Company, Delaware, USA) and CR-510 (proprietary name, obtained from CITIC Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., China) and CR-953 (proprietary name, obtained from ISHIHARA SANGYO KAISHA, LTD., Japan) .
[0069] Preferably, the amount of component (a) in the present disclosure is in the range of 45 -70 %by mass, such as 45%by mass, 50%by mass, 55%by mass, 60%by mass, 65%by mass, 70 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 50 -60 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0070] Step (2) of the present disclosure may be carried out under the same pressure and temperature conditions as step (1) , for example under the ambient pressure and temperature, preferably under normal pressure and temperature.
[0071] Step (2) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring. Preferably, step (2) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring rate in the range of 700-2000 rpm, preferable 800-1500 rpm, and particularly preferable 900-1200 rpm.
[0072] Preferably, stirring in step (2) is performed for 5 minutes to 3 hours, preferable for 10 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 1.5 hours.
[0073] Step (3)
[0074] Step (3) of the present disclosure is adding component (f) to the mixture of dispersant and pigment from step (2) to obtain the mill-base of the present disclosure.
[0075] Component (f) of the present disclosure is a film forming resin. The film forming resin may be one that is suitable for coating compositions. For example, the film forming resin may be polyester resin, polyurethane resin, (meth) acrylic resin, (meth) acrylic urethane resin, cellulose acetate butyrate resin, and melamine resin. The film forming resin may be thermosettable, including those resins that are self-crosslinking, curable with a curing or crosslinking agent, or curable by exposure to actinic radiation such as UV or EB radiation, and crosslinking agents for such resins. The film forming resin may include any one or combination of a wide variety of resins or polymers. Nonlimiting examples of suitable curable polymers include vinyl polymers such as (meth) acrylic polymers (poly (meth) acrylates) and modified (meth) acrylic polymers including those that are grafted or blocked by polyester, polyether, or polyurethane, polyesters, polyurethanes using macrodiols such as polyester diols, polyether diols, and polycarbonate diols; alkyds, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyimides, polysiloxanes, and unsaturated oligomers and resins, and mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, the curable polymer has groups reactive with a crosslinker. Nonlimiting examples of functional groups of the polymer include carboxyl, hydroxy, silanol, amino, imino, urea, carbamate, isocyanate (blocked or unblocked) , epoxy, cyclic carbonate, aldehyde, thiol, hydrazide, activated methylene groups, and any combinations thereof that may be made in a thermosettable polymer. In certain embodiments, the functional groups of the polymer are carboxyl, hydroxy, silanol, epoxy groups, and mixtures thereof.
[0076] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the polymer is a (meth) acrylic polymer. Such polymers can be prepared from (meth) acrylic monomers such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, amyl acrylate, amyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 3, 3, 5-trimethylhexyl acrylate, 3, 3, 5-trimethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, cycloalkyl acrylates or cycloalkyl methacrylates, such as cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate, and vinylaromatic hydrocarbons, such as vinyltoluene, alpha-methylstyrene and styrene, as well as amides or nitriles of acrylic or methacrylic acid, vinyl esters and vinyl ethers. Any crosslinkable functional group, e.g., hydroxy, amino, glycidyl groups, and so on can be incorporated into the ester portion of the (meth) acrylic monomer. Nonlimiting examples of hydroxyl-functional (meth) acrylic monomers that can be used to form such polymers include 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. Glycidyl groups may be incorporated by copolymerizing glycidyl methacrylate or allyl glycidyl ether, for example. Other (meth) acrylic monomers having crosslinkable functional groups in the ester portion of the monomer are also within the skill of the art.
[0077] Modified (meth) acrylic polymer can also be used as the film forming resin in the present disclosure. Such (meth) acrylic polymer may be polyester-modified (meth) acrylic polymer or polyurethane-modified (meth) acrylic polymer. Polyester-modified (meth) acrylic polymers modified with epsilon-caprolactone are described in U.S. Patent 4,546,046 of Etzell et al, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Polyurethane-modified (meth) acrylic polymers are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,584,354, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0078] Polyesters can also be used as the film forming resin in the present disclosure. Polyester resins may be formulated as acid-functional or hydroxyl-functional resins. The polyester may have an acid value of from 20 to 100, or from 20 to 80, or from 20 to 40 mg KOH / g. In another embodiment, the polyester may have a hydroxyl value of from 25 to 300, or from 25 to 150, or from 40 to 100 mg KOH / g. The methods of making polyester resins are well-known. Typically, a polyol component and an acid and / or anhydride component or polymerizable derivative such as a methyl ester are heated together, optionally with a catalyst, and usually with removal of the by-product water or methanol in order to drive the reaction to completion. The polyol component has an average functionality of at least two. The polyol component may contain mono-functional, di-functional, tri-functional, and higher functional alcohols. Diols are preferred, but when some branching of the polyester is desired, higher functionality alcohols are included. Illustrative examples include, without limitation, alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 2, 3-butanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 9-nonanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexane dimethanol, 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol, bisphenol A, and hydrogenated bisphenol A. Optionally, a small amount of tri-functional, and higher functional alcohols may be used, such as glycerine, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, or pentaerythritol. The acid and / or anhydride component comprises compounds having on average at least two carboxylic groups and / or anhydrides or low alkyl (C1-C4, particularly methyl) esters of these. Dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids are preferred, but higher functional acid and anhydrides can be used when some branching of the polyester is desired. Suitable polycarboxylic acid or anhydride compounds include, without limitation, those having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Illustrative examples of suitable compounds include, without limitation, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, pyromellitic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, azeleic acid, glutaric acid adipic acid, azelaic acid, 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, dodecane-1, 12-dicarboxylic acid, citric acid, trimellitic acid, and anhydrides thereof. Optionally, monocarboxylic acids such as octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, stearic acid, and cyclohexanoic acid; and hydroxycarboxylic acids such as dimethylolpropionic acid; as well as combinations of these compounds.
[0079] Polyurethanes having crosslinkable functional groups such as hydroxy groups are also well known in the art. They are prepared by a chain extension reaction of a polyisocyanate (e.g., hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, MDI, and the like) and a polyol (e.g., 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, and any others of those mentioned as useful in preparing a polyester and combinations of these) , as well as macrodiols such as polyester diols, polyether diols, and polycarbonate diols. They can be provided with crosslinkable functional groups by capping the polyurethane chain with an excess of diol, polyamine, amino alcohol, or the like.
[0080] Carbamate functional polymers and oligomers can also be used as curable polymer, especially those having at least one primary carbamate group.
[0081] Preferable, component (f) of the present disclosure contains a resin selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, a (meth) acrylic urethane resin, and mixtures thereof.
[0082] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (f) of the present disclosure is a polyurethane resin. Preferably, the polyurethane resin suitable for the present disclosure has a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 to100,000 g / mol, such as 10,000 g / mol, 15,000 g / mol, 20,000 g / mol, 25,000 g / mol, 30,000 g / mol, 35,000 g / mol, 40,000 g / mol, 45,000 g / mol, 50,00 g / mol, 55,000 g / mol, 60,000 g / mol, 65,000 g / mol, 70,000 g / mol, 75,000 g / mol, 80,000 g / mol, 85,000 g / mol, 90,000 g / mol, 95,000 g / mol, 100,000 g / mol, or any mass average molecular weight between these values, preferably 50,000 to 90,000 g / mol, such as 65,000 to 80,000 g / mol.
[0083] Preferably, the polyurethane resin suitable for the present disclosure has an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g, such as 10 mgKOH / g, 15 mgKOH / g, 20 mgKOH / g, 25 mgKOH / g, 30 mgKOH / g, 35 mgKOH / g, 40 mgKOH / g, or any acid value between these values, preferably 10 to 30 mgKOH / g, such as 15 to 25 mgKOH / g.
[0084] Preferably, the polyurethane resin suitable for the present disclosure has a hydroxyl value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g, such as 10 mgKOH / g, 15 mgKOH / g, 20 mgKOH / g, 25 mgKOH / g, 30 mgKOH / g, 35 mgKOH / g, 40 mgKOH / g, or any hydroxyl value between these values, preferably 10 to 30 mgKOH / g, such as 15 to 25 mgKOH / g.
[0085] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (f) of the present disclosure is a polyester resin. Preferably, the polyester resin suitable for the present disclosure has a mass average molecular weight of 8,000 to 40,000 g / mol, such as 8,000 g / mol, 10,000 g / mol, 15,000 g / mol, 20,000 g / mol, 25,000 g / mol, 30,000 g / mol, 35,000 g / mol, 40,000 g / mol, or any mass average molecular weight between these values, preferably 8,000 to 25,000 g / mol, such as 10,000 to 20,000 g / mol.
[0086] Preferably, the polyester resin suitable for the present disclosure has an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g, such as 10 mgKOH / g, 15 mgKOH / g, 20 mgKOH / g, 25 mgKOH / g, 30 mgKOH / g, 35 mgKOH / g, 40 mgKOH / g, or any acid value between these values, preferably 15 to 35 mgKOH / g, such as 20 to 30 mgKOH / g.
[0087] Preferably, the polyester resin suitable for the present disclosure has a hydroxyl value of 50 to 150 mgKOH / g, such as 50 mgKOH / g, 55 mgKOH / g, 60 mgKOH / g, 65 mgKOH / g, 70 mgKOH / g, 75 mgKOH / g, 80 mgKOH / g, 85 mgKOH / g, 90 mgKOH / g, 95 mgKOH / g, 100 mgKOH / g, 105 mgKOH / g, 110 mgKOH / g, 115 mgKOH / g, 120 mgKOH / g, 125 mgKOH / g, 130 mgKOH / g, 135 mgKOH / g, 140 mgKOH / g, 145 mgKOH / g, 150 mgKOH / g, or any hydroxyl value between these values, preferably 60 to 130 mgKOH / g, such as 80 to 110 mgKOH / g.
[0088] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (f) of the present disclosure is a (meth) acrylic resin. Preferably, the (meth) acrylic resin suitable for the present disclosure has a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol, such as 10,000 g / mol, 15,000 g / mol, 20,000 g / mol, 25,000 g / mol, 30,000 g / mol, 35,000 g / mol, 40,000 g / mol, 45,000 g / mol, 50,000 g / mol, 55,000 g / mol, 60,000 g / mol, 65,000 g / mol, 70,000 g / mol, 75,000 g / mol, 80,000 g / mol, 85,000 g / mol, 90,000 g / mol, 95,000 g / mol, 100,000 g / mol, or any mass average molecular weight between these values, preferably 30,000 to 70,000 g / mol, such as 40,000 to 60,000 g / mol.
[0089] Preferably, the (meth) acrylic resin suitable for the present disclosure has an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g, such as 10 mgKOH / g, 15 mgKOH / g, 20 mgKOH / g, 25 mgKOH / g, 30 mgKOH / g, 35 mgKOH / g, 40 mgKOH / g, or any acid value between these values, preferably 10 to 35 mgKOH / g, such as 15 to 25 mgKOH / g.
[0090] Preferably, the (meth) acrylic resin suitable for the present disclosure has a hydroxyl value of 50 to 150 mgKOH / g, such as 50 mgKOH / g, 55 mgKOH / g, 60 mgKOH / g, 65 mgKOH / g, 70 mgKOH / g, 75 mgKOH / g, 80 mgKOH / g, 85 mgKOH / g, 90 mgKOH / g, 95 mgKOH / g, 100 mgKOH / g, 105 mgKOH / g, 110 mgKOH / g, 115 mgKOH / g, 120 mgKOH / g, 125 mgKOH / g, 130 mgKOH / g, 135 mgKOH / g, 140 mgKOH / g, 145 mgKOH / g, 150 mgKOH / g, or any hydroxyl value between these values, preferably 60 to 110 mgKOH / g, such as 70 to 100 mgKOH / g.
[0091] The total amount of resin solids of component (f) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure may be determined on the basis of the amount of component (a) . Preferably, the total amount of resin solids of component (f) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the disclosure is 0.5-25 parts by mass, such as 0.5 parts by mass, 1 parts by mass, 2 parts by mass, 3 parts by mass, 4 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass, 6 parts by mass, 7 parts by mass, 8 parts by mass, 9 parts by mass, 10 parts by mass, 11 parts by mass, 12 parts by mass, 13 parts by mass, 14 parts by mass, 15 parts by mass, 16 parts by mass, 17 parts by mass, 18 parts by mass, 19 parts by mass, and 20 parts by mass, 21 parts by mass, 22 parts by mass, 23 parts by mass, 24 parts by mass, 25 parts by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 1.0-20 parts by mass, more preferable 1.5-15 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0092] Step (3) of the present disclosure may be carried out under the same pressure and temperature conditions as step (1) , for example under the ambient pressure and temperature, preferably under normal pressure and temperature.
[0093] Step (3) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring. Preferably, step (3) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring rate in the range of 700-2000 rpm, preferable 800-1500 rpm, and particularly preferable 900-1200 rpm.
[0094] Preferably, stirring in step (3) is performed for 15 minutes to 3 hours, preferable for 30 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 50 minutes to 1.5 hours.
[0095] Step (4)
[0096] In producing the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure, after step (3) , the process further comprises step (4) :
[0097] milling the mill-base obtained from step (3) .
[0098] Preferably, milling is carried out in the presence of a milling aid, such as zircon beads.
[0099] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the milling aid, such as zircon beads, useful in the present disclosure has a particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.5 to 1 mm.
[0100] Preferably, step (4) is carried out until the particles in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste have a maximum particle size of 5 μm or less.
[0101] The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste
[0102] Preferably, the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure obtained from step (4) has a pH of 7.4-9.3, such as 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, or of any pH between these values, preferably the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure obtained from step (4) has a pH of 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6. It is surprisingly found that with the pH in such appropriate range, the dispersibility of the titanium dioxide pigment particles in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure will be further improved.
[0103] Preferably, the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure obtained from step (4) has a Blookfield viscosity at 60 rpm of preferably 40-160 cP (centi-poise) , such as 40 cP, 50 cP, 60 cP, 70 cP, 80 cP, 90 cP, 100 cP, 110 cP, 120 cP, 130 cP, 140 cP, 150 cP, 160 cP, or any Blookfield viscosity between these values, preferably has a Blookfield viscosity at 60 rpm of 60-140 cP, more preferably 80-120 cP.
[0104] The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure may comprises an additional component as component (g) , such as antifoaming agents, rheology control agents, dispersing agents, anti-settling agents, pH adjusting agents, and solvents (e.g., water-miscible solvents) .
[0105] Component (g) may be added into the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure in any appropriate time as needed. For example, they may be added into the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste in steps (1) , (2) , (3) or (4) , or they may be added after the production of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0106] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a water-miscible solvent and an antifoaming agent may be added in step (1) . As an example of the water-miscible solvent, a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether, such as di-propylene glycol mono methyl ether, may be mentioned. As an example of the antifoaming agent, C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, such as 2-ethylhexanol, may be mentioned.
[0107] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure further comprises component (g) , wherein component (g) contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether, C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms, for example 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
[0108] When present, the total amount of component (g) in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure preferably is in the range of 5 -20 %by mass, such as 5%by mass, 8 %by mass, 10 %by mass, 13%by mass, 15 %by mass, 18 %by mass, 20 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 8 -18 %by mass, such as 10 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0109] The process of producing an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste
[0110] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a process of producing an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, comprising steps in sequence of:
[0111] (1) mixing component (b) a carboxylic acid, component (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine, and component (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, in component (e) water and an optional water-miscible solvent, to obtain a dispersant mixture;
[0112] (2) adding component (a) a titanium dioxide pigment to the dispersant mixture from step (1) to obtain a mixture of dispersant and pigment;
[0113] (3) adding component (f) a film-forming resin to the mixture of dispersant and pigment from step (2) to obtain a mill-base; and
[0114] (4) milling the mill-base from step (3) to obtain the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste,
[0115] wherein step (2) and step (3) are carried out under stirring.
[0116] Step (1) of the present disclosure may be carried out under ambient pressure and temperature, preferably under normal pressure and temperature. Preferably, Step (1) of the present disclosure may be carried out with stirring at conventional stirring rates, such as in the range of 300-1500 rpm, preferable 500-1200 rpm.
[0117] Step (2) of the present disclosure may be carried out under the same pressure and temperature conditions as step (1) , for example under the ambient pressure and temperature, preferably under normal pressure and temperature.
[0118] Step (2) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring. Preferably, step (2) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring rate in the range of 700-2000 rpm, preferable 800-1500 rpm, and particularly preferable 900-1200 rpm.
[0119] Preferably, stirring in step (2) is performed for 5 minutes to 3 hours, preferable for 10 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 1.5 hours.
[0120] Step (3) of the present disclosure may be carried out under the same pressure and temperature conditions as step (1) , for example under the ambient pressure and temperature, preferably under normal pressure and temperature.
[0121] Step (3) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring. Preferably, step (3) of the present disclosure is carried out with stirring rate in the range of 700-2000 rpm, preferable 800-1500 rpm, and particularly preferable 900-1200 rpm.
[0122] Preferably, stirring in step (3) is performed for 15 minutes to 3 hours, preferable for 30 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 50 minutes to 1.5 hours.
[0123] After step (3) , the process of the present disclosure further comprises step (4) :
[0124] (4) milling the mill-base obtained from step (3) .
[0125] Preferably, milling is carried out in the presence of a milling aid, such as zircon beads.
[0126] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the milling aid, such as zircon beads, useful in the present disclosure has a particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.5 to 1 mm.
[0127] Preferably, step (4) is carried out until the particles in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste have a maximum particle size of 5 μm or less.
[0128] Components (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , (e) , and (f) used in the process of the disclosure just correspond to the components (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , (e) , and (f) of the present disclosure as described above regarding the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure, respectively.
[0129] Preferably, an additional component may also be added as component (g) during the operation of the process, such as antifoaming agents, rheology control agents, dispersing agents, anti-settling agents, pH adjusting agents and solvents (such as the water-miscible solvent added in step (1) ) .
[0130] When being added, component (g) may be added during step (1) , after step (1) and before step (2) . Preferably, component (g) contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether, C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and is added in step (1) of the process of the disclosure.
[0131] Mill-base
[0132] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a mill-base, comprising:
[0133] (a) a titanium dioxide pigment;
[0134] (b) an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule;
[0135] (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine;
[0136] (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof;
[0137] (e) water; and
[0138] (f) a film-forming resin.
[0139] In the present disclosure, the concept “mill-base” means a composition and / or formulation, such as a paste and a slurry, that is prepared and / or formulated without milling or for milling. In other words, “mill-base” is a material obtained without milling or a material to be treated by milling, but not a material under milling or obtained after milling.
[0140] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the mill-base is an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained by the process of the present disclosure without step (4) . For example, the mill-base is an aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained after steps (1) to (3) and before step (4) of the process of the present disclosure. In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the mill-base is the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the disclosure obtained after steps (1) to (3) (e.g., obtained from step (3) ) and before step (4) .
[0141] Components (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , (e) , and (f) of the mill-base, and the amounts thereof, just correspond to the components (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , (e) , and (f) of the present disclosure as disclosed above regarding the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure, respectively.
[0142] The amount of component (a) in the mill-base of the present disclosure is in the range of 45 -70 %by mass, such as 45%by mass, 50%by mass, 55%by mass, 60%by mass, 65%by mass, 70 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 50 -60 %by mass, based on the total mass of the mill-base.
[0143] Preferably, component (b) is an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, in particular an aliphatic hydroxy acid having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, more preferably component (b) is an C3 to C15 aliphatic hydroxy acid, preferably C3 to C10 aliphatic hydroxy acid, having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, in particular component (b) is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, component (b) is citric acid.
[0144] Preferably, the amount of component (b) in the mill-base of the present disclosure is 0.02-1 parts by mass, such as 0.02 parts by mass, 0.04 parts by mass, 0.06 parts by mass, . 0.08 parts by mass, 0.1 parts by mass, 0.2 parts by mass, 0.3 parts by mass, 0.4 parts by mass, 0.5 parts by mass, 0.6 parts by mass, 0.7 parts by mass, 0.8 parts by mass, 0.9 parts by mass, 1 parts by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 0.04-0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.06-0.25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0145] Preferably, component (c) is an tertiary monoalkanolamine having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably component (c) is selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylisopropanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof.
[0146] The amount of component (c) in the mill-base of the present disclosure may be determined on the basis of the amount of component (b) . Preferably, the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 0.5-5.5, such as 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.5, or any molar ratio between these values, preferably 1.0-4.5, more preferably 1.5-3.5.
[0147] Component (d) of the mill-base of the present disclosure is a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof. Preferably, the alkylene of component (d) has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably component (d) is a polypropylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, more preferably component (d) is selected from a group consisting of polypropylene glycol, glyceryl polypropylene glycol, diglyceryl polypropylene glycol, sorbitol polypropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, in particular component (d) has a mass average molecular weight of 500 -5,000 g / mol, or 600 -4,500 g / mol.
[0148] The amount of component (d) in the mill-base of the present disclosure may be determined on the basis of the amount of component (a) . Preferably, the amount of component (d) in the mill-base of the present disclosure is 0.5-20 parts by mass, such as 0.5 parts by mass, 1 parts by mass, 2 parts by mass, 3 parts by mass, 4 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass, 6 parts by mass, 7 parts by mass, 8 parts by mass, 9 parts by mass, 10 parts by mass, 11 parts by mass, 12 parts by mass, 13 parts by mass, 14 parts by mass, 15 parts by mass, 16 parts by mass, 17 parts by mass, 18 parts by mass, 19 parts by mass, and 20 parts by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 1.0-15 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5-10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0149] Component (f) of the mill-base may be those disclosed above regarding the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure. Preferably, component (f) is a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, and a (meth) acrylic urethane resin.
[0150] The total amount of resin solids of component (f) in the mill-base of the present disclosure may be determined on the basis of the amount of component (a) . Preferably, the total amount of resin solids of component (f) in the mill-base of the present disclosure is 0.5-25 parts by mass, such as 0.5 parts by mass, 1 parts by mass, 2 parts by mass, 3 parts by mass, 4 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass, 6 parts by mass, 7 parts by mass, 8 parts by mass, 9 parts by mass, 10 parts by mass, 11 parts by mass, 12 parts by mass, 13 parts by mass, 14 parts by mass, 15 parts by mass, 16 parts by mass, 17 parts by mass, 18 parts by mass, 19 parts by mass, and 20 parts by mass, 21 parts by mass, 22 parts by mass, 23 parts by mass, 24 parts by mass, 25 parts by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 1.0-20 parts by mass, more preferable 1.5-15 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0151] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the mill-base of the present disclosure may comprise an additional component as component (g) , such as antifoaming agents, rheology control agents, dispersing agents, anti-settling agents, pH adjusting agents and solvents (e.g., water-miscible solvents) .
[0152] As an example of the water-miscible solvent, a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether, such as di-propylene glycol mono methyl ether, may be mentioned. As an example of the antifoaming agent, C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, such as 2-ethylhexanol, may be mentioned.
[0153] In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the mill-base of the present disclosure further comprises component (g) , wherein component (g) contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether, C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
[0154] When present, the total amount of component (g) in the mill-base of the present disclosure preferably is in the range of 5 -20 %by mass, such as 5%by mass, 8 %by mass, 10 %by mass, 13%by mass, 15 %by mass, 18 %by mass, 20 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 8 -18 %by mass, such as 10 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the mill-base.
[0155] When a solvent, preferably a water-miscible solvent, is present in the mill-base of the present disclosure, preferably the amount thereof in the mill-base of the present disclosure is in the range of 0 -20 %by mass, such as 0 %by mass, 5 %by mass, 10 %by mass, 15 %by mass, 20 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 0 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the mill-base.
[0156] When an antifoaming agent is present in the mill-base of the present disclosure, preferably the amount thereof in the mill-base of the present disclosure is in the range of 0 -5 %by mass, such as 0%by mass, 0.1 %by mass, 0.2 %by mass, 0.3%by mass, 0.4 %by mass, 0.5 %by mass, 0.6 %by mass, 0.7 %by mass, 0.8 %by mass, 0.9%by mass, 1.0 %by mass, 1.5 %by mass, 2.0 %by mass, 2.5 %by mass, 3.0 %by mass, 3.5 %by mass, 4.0 %by mass, 4.5 %by mass, 5.0 %by mass, or any amount between these values, preferably 0.1 -2 %by mass, such as 0.1 -1 %by mass, based on the total mass of the mill-base.
[0157] The amount of the residual of the mill-base of the present disclosure after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter is 2.5%by mass or less, preferably 2.2%by mass or less, more preferably 1.5%by mass or less, such as 1.0%by mass or less, based on the total mass of the mill-base.
[0158] The mill-base of the present disclosure has a pH of 7.4-9.3, such as 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, or of any pH between these values, preferably has a pH of 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6. It is surprisingly found that with the pH in such appropriate range, the dispersibility of the titanium dioxide pigment particles in the mill-base of the present disclosure will be further improved.
[0159] An embodiment of the disclosure relates to a mill-base, comprising:
[0160] (a) a titanium dioxide pigment;
[0161] (b) an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, wherein the amount of component (b) is 0.02-1 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ;
[0162] (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine, wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 0.5-5.5;
[0163] (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, wherein the amount of component (d) is 0.5-20 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ;
[0164] (e) water; and
[0165] (f) a film-forming resin, wherein the total amount of resin solids of component (f) is 0.5-25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) , wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 mass%, preferably 50 -60 mass%, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the amount of the residual of the mill-base after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter is 2.5%by mass or less, preferably 2.2%by mass or less, more preferably 1.5%by mass or less, such as 1.0%by mass or less, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the mill-base has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.
[0166] An embodiment of the disclosure relates to a mill-base, comprising:
[0167] (a) a titanium dioxide pigment;
[0168] (b) a C3 to C15 aliphatic hydroxy acid, preferably C3 to C10 aliphatic hydroxy acid, having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, wherein the amount of component (b) is 0.04-0.5 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ;
[0169] (c) a tertiary alkanolamine having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 1.0-4.5;
[0170] (d) a polypropylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, wherein the amount of component (d) is 1.0-15 parts by mass parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ;
[0171] (e) water; and
[0172] (f) a film-forming resin selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, and a (meth) acrylic urethane resin, wherein the total amount of resin solids of component (f) is 1.0-20 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ,
[0173] wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 mass%, preferably 50 -60 mass%, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the amount of the residual of the mill-base after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter is 2.5%by mass or less, preferably 2.2%by mass or less, more preferably 1.5%by mass or less, such as 1.0%by mass or less, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the mill-base has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.
[0174] An embodiment of the disclosure relates to a mill-base, comprising:
[0175] (a) a titanium dioxide pigment;
[0176] (b) an aliphatic hydroxy acid selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and mixtures thereof, wherein the amount of component (b) is 0.06-0.25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ;
[0177] (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylisopropanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 1.5-3.5 ;
[0178] (d) a polypropylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof selected from a group consisting of polypropylene glycol, glyceryl polypropylene glycol, diglyceryl polypropylene glycol, sorbitol polypropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, preferably having a mass average molecular weight of 500 -5,000 g / mol, or 600 -4,500 g / mol, wherein the amount of component (d) is 1.5-10 parts by mass parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ;
[0179] (e) water; and
[0180] (f) a film-forming resin selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, and a (meth) acrylic resin, wherein the total amount of resin solids of component (f) is 1.5-15 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) ,
[0181] wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 mass%, preferably 50 -60 mass%, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the amount of the residual of the mill-base after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter is 2.5%by mass or less, preferably 2.2%by mass or less, more preferably 1.5%by mass or less, such as 1.0%by mass or less, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the mill-base has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.
[0182] Applications
[0183] The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure or obtained from the process of the present disclosure, the mill-base of the present disclosure, may be formulated into the aqueous coating compositions of the present disclosure.
[0184] Titanium dioxide pigment particles in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure or obtained from the process of the present disclosure, the mill-base, and the aqueous coating compositions of the present disclosure, have greatly improved dispersibility, which makes them useful in various applications. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure or produced from the process of the present disclosure, and the aqueous coating compositions of the present disclosure have excellent stability, in particular excellent storage stability. At the same time, the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, the mill-base, and the aqueous coating compositions of the present disclosure can be produced easily and with high manufacturing efficiency, and the process of the present disclosure is easy and cost-effective. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of the present disclosure or produced from the process of the present disclosure, the mill-base, and the aqueous coating compositions of the present disclosure are applicable for various applications, especially in automative industry, such as for coating automative bodies, in particular as aqueous basecoat composition.
[0185] Embodiments:
[0186] In general, the present disclosure comprises embodiments as follows.
[0187] 1. An aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, produced by a process comprising steps in sequence of:
[0188] (1) mixing component (b) a carboxylic acid, component (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine, and component (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, in component (e) water and an optional water-miscible solvent, to obtain a dispersant mixture;
[0189] (2) adding component (a) a titanium dioxide pigment to the dispersant mixture from step (1) to obtain a mixture of dispersant and pigment;
[0190] (3) adding component (f) a film-forming resin to the mixture of dispersant and pigment from step (2) to obtain a mill-base; and
[0191] (4) milling the mill-base from step (3) to obtain the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste,
[0192] wherein step (2) and step (3) are carried out under stirring.
[0193] 2. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to embodiment 1, wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 %by mass, preferably 50 -60 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0194] 3. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein component (b) is a carboxylic acid having hydroxy group in the molecule, preferably component (b) is an aliphatic carboxylic acid having hydroxy group, more preferably component (b) is an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, in particular an aliphatic hydroxy acid having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, more preferably component (b) is an C3 to C15 aliphatic hydroxy acid, preferably C3 to C10 aliphatic hydroxy acid, having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, in particular component (b) is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and mixtures thereof.
[0195] 4. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the amount of component (b) is 0.02-1 parts by mass, preferably 0.04-0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.06-0.25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0196] 5. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein component (c) is an tertiary monoalkanolamine having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably component (c) is selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylisopropanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof.
[0197] 6. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 0.5-5.5, preferably 1.0-4.5, more preferably 1.5-3.5.
[0198] 7. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6,
[0199] wherein the alkylene of component (d) has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably component (d) is a polypropylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, more preferably component (d) is selected from a group consisting of polypropylene glycol, glyceryl polypropylene glycol, diglyceryl polypropylene glycol, sorbitol polypropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, in particular component (d) has a mass average molecular weight of 500 -5,000 g / mol, or 600 -4,500 g / mol.
[0200] 8. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the amount of component (d) is 0.5-20 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-15 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5-10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0201] 9. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein component (f) contains a resin selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, a (meth) acrylic urethane resin and mixtures thereof.
[0202] 10. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the total amount of resin solids of component (f) is 0.5-25 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-20 parts by mass, more preferable 1.5-15 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0203] 11. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from step (3) has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.
[0204] 12. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, which the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from step (3) has a Blookfield viscosity at 60 rpm of preferably 40-160 cP (centi-poise) , preferably 60-140 cP, more preferably 80-120 cP.
[0205] 13. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, further comprising an additional component (g) , wherein the component (g) contains the water-miscible solvent mixed in step (1) , preferably the component (g) contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether and C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably the total amount of component (g) is in the range of 5 -20 %by mass, preferably 8 -18 %by mass, such as 10 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0206] 14. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the stirring rates in step (2) and step (3) , independent from each other, are in the range of 700-2000 rpm, preferable 800-1500 rpm, and particularly preferable 900-1200 rpm.
[0207] 15. The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein step (4) is carried out until the particles in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste have a maximum particle size of 5 μm or less.
[0208] 16. A process of producing the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of any one of embodiments 1 to 15.
[0209] 17. A mill-base, comprising:
[0210] (a) a titanium dioxide pigment;
[0211] (b) an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule;
[0212] (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine;
[0213] (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof;
[0214] (e) water; and
[0215] (f) a film-forming resin,
[0216] wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 mass%, preferably 50 -60 mass%, based on the total mass of the mill-base;
[0217] the amount of the residual of the mill-base after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter is 2.5%by mass or less, preferably 2.2%by mass or less, more preferably 1.5%by mass or less, such as 1.0%by mass or less, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the mill-base has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.
[0218] 18. The mill-base according to embodiment 17, wherein component (b) is an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, in particular an aliphatic hydroxy acid having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, more preferably component (b) is an C3 to C15 aliphatic hydroxy acid, preferably C3 to C10 aliphatic hydroxy acid, having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, in particular component (b) is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and mixtures thereof.
[0219] 19. The mill-base according to embodiment 17 or 18, wherein the amount of component (b) is 0.02-1 parts by mass, preferably 0.04-0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.6-0.25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0220] 20. The mill-base according to any one of embodiments 17 to 19, wherein component (c) is an tertiary monoalkanolamine having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably component (c) is selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylisopropanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof.
[0221] 21. The mill-base according to any one of embodiments 17 to 20, wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 0.5-5.5, preferably 1.0-4.5, more preferably 1.5-3.5.
[0222] 22. The mill-base according to any one of embodiments 17 to 21, wherein the alkylene of component (d) has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably component (d) is a polypropylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, more preferably component (d) is selected from a group consisting of polypropylene glycol, glyceryl polypropylene glycol, diglyceryl polypropylene glycol, sorbitol polypropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, in particular component (d) has a mass average molecular weight of 500 -5,000 g / mol, or 600 -4,500 g / mol.
[0223] 23. The mill-base according to any one of embodiments 17 to 22, wherein the amount of component (d) is 0.5-20 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-15 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5-10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0224] 24. The mill-base according to any one of embodiments 17 to 23, wherein component (f) contains a resin selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, and a (meth) acrylic urethane resin.
[0225] 25. The mill-base according to any one of embodiments 17 to 24, wherein the total amount of resin solids of component (f) is 0.5-25 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-20 parts by mass, more preferable 1.5-15 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .
[0226] 26. The mill-base according to any one of embodiments 17 to 25, wherein the mill-base further comprises an additional component (g) , preferably the component (g) contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether and C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably the total amount of component (g) is in the range of 5 -20 %by mass, preferably 8 -18 %by mass, such as 10 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.
[0227] 27. An aqueous coating composition comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, or comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from the process of embodiment 16, or comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained by milling the mill-base of any one of embodiments 17 to 26.
[0228] 28. A use of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, or of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from the process of embodiment 16, or of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained by milling the mill-base of any one of embodiments 17 to 26, for formulating an aqueous coating composition for automobile.Examples
[0229] The present disclosure will be better understood in view of the following non-limiting examples. Unless stated otherwise, all percentages and parts in examples, are provided by mass.
[0230] Materials and abbreviation
[0231] Method
[0232] The following measurement methods were used within the scope of the disclosure.
[0233] Mass average molecular weight
[0234] A mass average molecular weight was calculated from data measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at a temperature of 40 ℃ and a flow rate of 1 ml / minute using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as an eluent, based on the mass average molecular weight of standard polystyrene. In the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) , combination of TSKgel G2000HXL, G3000HXL, G4000HXL, and G5000HXL (proprietary name, Tosoh Corp. ) was used as a column.
[0235] Acid value
[0236] An acid value was measured in accordance with JIS-K5601-2-1: 1999.
[0237] Hydroxyl value
[0238] A hydroxyl value was measured in accordance with JIS-K1557-1: 2007.
[0239] Resin solids content
[0240] A resin solids content was determined by measuring mass of 1.0 g of sample after heating at 130 ℃ for 60 minutes.
[0241] Maximum particle size
[0242] The maximum particle size was measured by grind gauge method in accordance with JIS-K5600-2-5: 1999.
[0243] Production Example 1: Production of polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion
[0244] PU-1
[0245] 1-(1) Production of polyester polyol solution PP-1
[0246] Dimer acid PRIPOL 1017 (proprietary name, Croda International plc, a principal component is C36 dicarboxylic acid produced by dimerization of a C18 unsaturated fatty acid) 35.0 parts, isophthalic acid 30.0 parts, adipic acid 0.6 parts, 1, 6-hexanediol 33.6 parts, and trimethylolpropane 0.8 parts were loaded, under an atmosphere of nitrogen, into a flask provided with a reflux condenser fitted with a separating tube for reaction water, a thermometer, a stirring device, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, and stirred while the temperature was raised to 160 ℃. After holding at 160 ℃ for 1 hour, the temperature was raised to 230 ℃ over 5 hours. An acid value was measured at regular intervals while holding at 230 ℃, and when the acid value became 4 mgKOH / g, the reaction product was cooled to 80 ℃. Finally, methyl ethyl ketone 60.8 parts was added, to give polyester polyol solution PP-1.
[0247] The polyester polyol solution PP-1 had a mass average molecular weight of 7, 200, an acid value of 4 mgKOH / g, a hydroxyl value of 62 mgKOH / g, and a resin solids content of 60 mass%.
[0248] 1-(2) Production of polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion PU-1
[0249] Polyester polyol solution PP-1 obtained in section 1- (1) 110.0 parts, dimethylolpropionic acid 4.5 parts, neopentyl glycol 2.0 parts, and methyl ethyl ketone 20.3 parts were loaded, under an atmosphere of nitrogen, into a flask provided with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a stirring device, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, and stirred to give a uniform mixture. Then, isophorone diisocyanate 24.0 parts was added to the resulting solution. After the exothermal reaction subsided, the reaction mixture was gradually heated to 80 ℃, with stirring, and stirring was continued at this temperature until an isocyanate content in the solution became 0.40 mmol / g. Then, trimethylolpropane 3.2 parts was added, followed by stirring at 80 ℃until the isocyanate content in the solution became 0.03 mmol / g. Then, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether 5.2 parts was added, and when the solution was cooled to 50 ℃, N, N-dimethylethanolamine 3.3 parts and deionized water 150.0 parts were added. Then, a separating tube was fitted to a reflux condenser, and methyl ethyl ketone was removed under reduced pressure at 100 ℃ to give polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion PU-1. The polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion PU-1 had a mass average molecular weight of 71,000, an acid value of 21 mgKOH / g, hydroxyl value 21 mgKOH / g, and a resin solids content of 38 mass%.
[0250] Production Example 2: Production of polyester resin aqueous solution PE-1 The aforementioned dimer acid PRIPOL 1017 (proprietary name, Croda International plc) 15.0 parts, phthalic anhydride 30.0 parts, adipic acid 3.1 parts, 1, 6-hexanediol 31.5 parts, and trimethylolpropane 10.3 parts were loaded, under an atmosphere of nitrogen, into a flask provided with a reflux condenser fitted with a separating tube for reaction water, a thermometer, a stirring device, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, and stirred while the temperature was raised to 160 ℃. After holding at 160 ℃ for 1 hour, the temperature was raised to 230 ℃ over 5 hours. After holding at 230 ℃ for 2 hours, the reaction product was cooled to 180 ℃. Then, trimellitic anhydride 10.0 parts was added, and the reaction was continued at 180 ℃ until an acid value reached 25 mg KOH / g. Thereafter, the reaction product was cooled to 80 ℃, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether 25 parts, N, N-dimethylethanolamine 3.2 parts, and deionized water 34.1 parts were added, to give polyester resin aqueous solution PE-1.
[0251] The polyester resin aqueous solution PE-1 had a mass average molecular weight of 15,000, an acid value of 25 mgKOH / g, a hydroxyl value of 90 mgKOH / g, and a resin solids content of 60 mass%.
[0252] Production Example 3: Production of (meth) acrylic resin aqueous dispersion AC-1
[0253] Deionized water 94 parts was loaded into a flask provided with two dropping devices, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a stirring device, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, and the temperature was raised to 80℃ under an atmosphere of nitrogen. Then a free-radical polymerizable monomer mixture comprising styrene 13.68 parts, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 18.52 parts, methyl methacrylate 4.32 parts, n-butyl methacrylate 60.92 parts and acrylic acid 2.56 parts, n-dodecyl mercaptan 4.0 parts as an emulsion polymerization regulator, and a mixed emulsifier solution comprising a reactive anionic emulsifier Eleminol RS-3000 (proprietary name, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., sodium methacryloyloxy polyoxypropylene sulfate) 2.0 parts, a reactive non-ionic emulsifier ADEKA REASOAP NE20 (proprietary name, ADEKA Corp. ) 1.0 part, and deionized water 15 parts, were added dropwise using one dropping device at an even rate over 3 hours, and simultaneously with dropwise addition using the dropping device above, a polymerization initiator solution comprising ammonium persulphate 0.30 part in deionized water 15 parts was added dropwise at an even rate over 3 hours by using the other dropping device. After completing dropwise addition, stirring was continued for 1 hour, followed by cooling to 40℃, to give (meth) acrylic resin aqueous dispersion AC-1.
[0254] The (meth) acrylic resin aqueous dispersion AC-1 had a mass average molecular weight of 50,000, an acid value of 20 mgKOH / g, a hydroxyl value of 80 mgKOH / g, and a resin solids content of 44.5 mass%.
[0255] Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples (Com. Examples) 1 to 6: Production of aqueous titanium dioxide pigment pastes TP-1 to TP-13
[0256] Components listed in Table 1-1, Table 1-2, and Table 1-3 were mixed by disperser at a stirring rate of 1000 rpm in the order listed, and stirred at a stirring rate of 1000 rpm for an additional 60 minutes, to give mill-bases.
[0257] In order to check pigment dispersibility in the mill-bases after step (3) , residual of each mill-base after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter was measured. The results of residual after filtration are shown in Table 1-1, Table 1-2 and Table 1-3. Each of mill-bases TP-1 to TP-6 and TP-13 of the present disclosures shows a small amount of residual after filtration, which is greatly decreased as compared with those of TP-7 to TP-12, and it means that the mill-bases of the inventive examples have excellent and great improved pigment dispersibility.
[0258] Next, the pigments in the pastes were dispersed (milled) by Eiger Motor Mill M-250 (proprietary name, Eiger Torrance Ltd. ) using zircon beads with a particle size of 0.8mm. Dispersion time (milling time) was defined as a time from start of dispersing (milling) until maximum particle size become 5 μm or less, where the maximum particle size was measured by grind gauge method in accordance with JIS-K5600-2-5: 1999. The results of the dispersion time are shown in Table 1-1, Table 1-2 and Table 1-3. Aqueous titanium dioxide pigment pastes TP-1 to TP-6 and TP13 of the present disclosures show a short dispersion time, and it means that they have high manufacturing efficiency.
[0259] Manufacturing efficiency was characterized in grades as follows:
[0260] ○: 15 min or less,
[0261] △ more than 15 min and less than 25min
[0262] X: 25 min or more,
[0263] [Table 1-1]
[0264] [Table 1-2]
[0265] In Comparative example 5, Polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion PU-1 in Step 3 is added before Step 2. In Comparative example 6, Polyester resin aqueous solution PE-1 in Step 3 is added before Step 2.
[0266] [Table 1-3]
[0267] Examples 8 to 13: Production of aqueous coating compositions WC-1 to WC-6
[0268] Components listed in Table 2-1 and 2-2 were mixed by disperser in the order listed, and stirred for an additional 30 minutes. Then, pH of the mixtures were adjusted to 8.2 by addition of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and they were diluted with deionized water to give a viscosity of 140 mPa s at 20℃ and a shear rate of 1000s-1, using portable rotational viscometer RHEOMAT R180 (proprietary name, porRheo GmbH) . After storing the coating compositions in enclosed containers for 7 days at 40℃, states of them were evaluated visually using the criteria below:
[0269] ○: no abnormalities
[0270] △: sedimentation of small amount of pigment
[0271] ×: sedimentation of large amount of pigment.
[0272] The results of the storage stability are shown in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2. Aqueous coating compositions WC-1 to WC-6 of the present disclosures containing aqueous titanium dioxide pigment pastes TP-1 to TP-6 show excellent storage stability (pigment dispersibility during storage) .
[0273] [Table 2-1]
[0274] [Table 2-2]
[0275] 1) Inorganic thickener: Mixture of Laponite RD (proprietary name, BYK-Chemie GmbH) 3 parts by mass, Pluriol P900 (proprietary name, BASF SE) 3 parts by mass, and deionized water 94 parts by mass
[0276] 2) Melamine resin solution: CYMEL 327 (proprietary name, ALLNEX GmbH, resin solids content 90 mass%)
[0277] 3) Alkali-swelling type emulsion: RHEOVIS AS l130 (proprietary name, BASF SE)
[0278] 4) Surface conditioner:SURFYNOL 104PA (proprietary name, Evonik Industries AG)
Claims
1.An aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste, produced by a process comprising steps in sequence of:(1) mixing component (b) a carboxylic acid, component (c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine, and component (d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, in component (e) water and an optional water-miscible solvent, to obtain a dispersant mixture;(2) adding component (a) a titanium dioxide pigment to the dispersant mixture from step (1) to obtain a mixture of dispersant and pigment;(3) adding component (f) a film-forming resin to the mixture of dispersant and pigment from step (2) to obtain a mill-base; and(4) milling the mill-base from step (3) to obtain the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste,wherein step (2) and step (3) are carried out under stirring.2.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to claim 1, wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 %by mass, preferably 50 -60 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.3.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein component (b) is a carboxylic acid having hydroxy group in the molecule, preferably component (b) is an aliphatic carboxylic acid having hydroxy group, more preferably component (b) is an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, in particular an aliphatic hydroxy acid having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, more preferably component (b) is an C3 to C15 aliphatic hydroxy acid, preferably C3 to C10 aliphatic hydroxy acid, having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, in particular component (b) is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and mixtures thereof.4.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of component (b) is 0.02-1 parts by mass, preferably 0.04-0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.06-0.25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .5.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein component (c) is an tertiary monoalkanolamine having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably component (c) is selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylisopropanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof.6.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 0.5-5.5, preferably 1.0-4.5, more preferably 1.5-3.5.7.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the alkylene of component (d) has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably component (d) is a polypropylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, more preferably component (d) is selected from a group consisting of polypropylene glycol, glyceryl polypropylene glycol, diglyceryl polypropylene glycol, sorbitol polypropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, in particular component (d) has a mass average molecular weight of 500 -5, 000 g / mol, or 600 -4, 500 g / mol.8.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the amount of component (d) is 0.5-20 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-15 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5-10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .9.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein component (f) contains a resin selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, a (meth) acrylic urethane resin and mixtures thereof.10.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the total amount of resin solids of component (f) is 0.5-25 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-20 parts by mass, more preferable 1.5-15 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .11.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from step (3) has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.12.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from step (3) has a Blookfield viscosity at 60 rpm of preferably 40-160 cP (centi-poise) , preferably 60-140 cP, more preferably 80-120 cP.13.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising an additional component (g) , wherein the component (g) contains the water-miscible solvent mixed in step (1) , preferably the component (g) contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether and C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably the total amount of component (g) is in the range of 5 -20 %by mass, preferably 8 -18 %by mass, such as 10 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.14.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the stirring rates in step (2) and step (3) , independent from each other, are in the range of 700-2000 rpm, preferable 800-1500 rpm, and particularly preferable 900-1200 rpm.15.The aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein step (4) is carried out until the particles in the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste have a maximum particle size of 5 μm or less.16.A process of producing the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of any one of claims 1 to 15.17.A mill-base, comprising:(a) a titanium dioxide pigment;(b) an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule;(c) a tertiary monoalkanolamine;(d) a polyalkylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof;(e) water; and(f) a film-forming resin,wherein the amount of component (a) is 45 -70 mass%, preferably 50 -60 mass%, based on the total mass of the mill-base;the amount of the residual of the mill-base after filtration using 50 mesh metal filter is 2.5%by mass or less, preferably 2.2%by mass or less, more preferably 1.5%by mass or less, such as 1.0%by mass or less, based on the total mass of the mill-base; the mill-base has a pH of 7.4-9.3, preferably 7.8-9.0, more preferably 8.2-8.6.18.The mill-base according to claim 17, wherein component (b) is an aliphatic hydroxy acid having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, in particular an aliphatic hydroxy acid having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, more preferably component (b) is an C3 to C15 aliphatic hydroxy acid, preferably C3 to C10 aliphatic hydroxy acid, having 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 4 carboxyl groups and one or more, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups in one molecule, in particular component (b) is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and mixtures thereof.19.The mill-base according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the amount of component (b) is 0.02-1 parts by mass, preferably 0.04-0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.6-0.25 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .20.The mill-base according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein component (c) is an tertiary monoalkanolamine having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably component (c) is selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylisopropanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof.21.The mill-base according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to the acidic group in component (b) is in the range of 0.5-5.5, preferably 1.0-4.5, more preferably 1.5-3.5.22.The mill-base according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the alkylene of component (d) has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably component (d) is a polypropylene glycol and / or a derivative thereof, more preferably component (d) is selected from a group consisting of polypropylene glycol, glyceryl polypropylene glycol, diglyceryl polypropylene glycol, sorbitol polypropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, in particular component (d) has a mass average molecular weight of 500 -5, 000 g / mol, or 600 -4, 500 g / mol.23.The mill-base according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the amount of component (d) is 0.5-20 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-15 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5-10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .24.The mill-base according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein component (f) contains a resin selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, and a (meth) acrylic urethane resin.25.The mill-base according to any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein the total amount of resin solids of component (f) is 0.5-25 parts by mass, preferably 1.0-20 parts by mass, more preferable 1.5-15 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a) .26.The mill-base according to any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the mill-base further comprises an additional component (g) , preferably the component (g) contains a tri-or di-alkylene glycol mono C1-C10-alkyl ether and C1 to C15 aliphatic monohydric alcohol, wherein the alkylene has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferable 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably the total amount of component (g) is in the range of 5 -20 %by mass, preferably 8 -18 %by mass, such as 10 -15 %by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste.27.An aqueous coating composition comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of any one of claims 1 to 15, or comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from the process of claim 16, or comprising or formed from the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained by milling the mill-base of any one of claims 17 to 26.28.A use of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste of any one of claims 1 to 15, or of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained from the process of claim 16, or of the aqueous titanium dioxide pigment paste obtained by milling the mill-base of any one of claims 17 to 26, for formulating an aqueous coating composition for automobile.