Protective materials and protective clothing with reactive coating

Abstract

The present invention relates to a protective material and protective clothing each having a protective function against chemical, biological, and / or radioactive harmful and / or toxic substances, preferably for civilian or military purposes, as well as the uses and applications thereof.

Description

[0001] Protective materials and clothing with reactive coating

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of ABC protection or CBRN protection and in particular to the technical field of protective clothing with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins (such as hazardous substances, combat agents or the like), as it can be used in particular in the military and civilian sectors.

[0003] In particular, the present invention relates to ABC protective materials or clothing, or CBRN protective materials or clothing (where ABC = atomic, biological, and chemical, and, synonymously, CBRN = chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear; the terms ABC on the one hand and CBRN on the other are used synonymously within the scope of the present invention). In this context, the present invention thus also relates to the technical field of corresponding ABC or CBRN protective clothing, such as that which can be used in particular for military purposes and also for civilian purposes (for example, in the field of hazard prevention, firefighting, or disaster relief, or the like).

[0004] The present invention relates to such textile protective materials, a method for producing these textile protective materials, and uses of the textile protective materials for the production of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds.

[0005] In this sense, the present invention also relates to protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds based on protective materials according to the present invention.

[0006] Last but not least, the present invention relates to the use of a metal-based catalytically active component in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a net-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, in a textile protective material.

[0007] Chemical, biological, and nuclear toxins and warfare agents generally pose a high risk to individuals who come into contact with them, such as soldiers in combat. Often, even small quantities or concentrations of these substances are sufficient to cause lasting health problems or even death. Within the group of chemical toxins and warfare agents, in particular, there are a number of substances that are absorbed through the skin upon contact and can cause serious physical damage even in small quantities or concentrations. Well-known examples include effervescent mustard gas and the nerve agent sarin. Individuals who may come into contact with such highly toxic substances must wear appropriate protective clothing or be protected by suitable protective materials against these substances and toxins.

[0008] This also applies in principle to biological warfare agents and toxins, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins of biological origin, which likewise lead to lasting health problems upon contact, especially direct or indirect contact (i.e., through subsequent absorption into the body, for example, via mucous membranes or the like). Finally, direct contact with or contamination from radioactive substances, especially in the form of radioactive particles or the like, must also be avoided.

[0009] Regarding the aforementioned harmful or toxic substances, especially chemical warfare agents, these can also be present in both gaseous form and in the form of sometimes finely dispersed particles, for example as aerosols or the like, which poses a further challenge for the protective materials to be provided with regard to the neutralization of the toxic or warfare agents in question.

[0010] To ensure a certain level of protection against the aforementioned toxic or chemical warfare agents, air- and water-vapor-impermeable protective suits or similar garments are known. These are generally equipped with a rubber layer impermeable to toxic or chemical warfare agents, particularly those of the aforementioned type. However, these protective suits have the disadvantage that, when worn or in use (for example, during combat operations involving high physical exertion on the wearer), heat can build up very quickly due to the lack of air and water vapor permeability, i.e., insufficient moisture-regulating and thermoregulating properties.

[0011] Furthermore, prior art employs protective materials equipped with an airtight, yet water vapor-permeable membrane. This membrane also serves as a barrier against toxic substances. Such a protective material is described, for example, in WO 96 / 37365 A1 and in US 5,743,775 A and DE 195 18 683 A1, which belong to the same patent family. Besides impermeable (e.g., suits made of butyl rubber or suits with a membrane) or (partially) permeable, airtight systems, CBRN protective clothing can also be based on adsorptive filter systems, particularly those based on activated carbon (e.g., powdered carbon, activated carbon fibers, or spherical carbon, etc.).While impermeable systems offer relatively good protection against chemical and biological toxins as well as warfare agents – at the expense of wearing comfort – permeable, adsorptive protective suits have disadvantages on the one hand with regard to the absolute absorption capacity for chemical warfare agents and on the other hand with regard to the protective effect against biological pollutants.

[0012] To counteract this, permeable adsorptive filter systems, especially those based on activated carbon, are equipped, for example, with a catalytically active component by impregnating the activated carbon with a catalyst that has a particularly biocidal or biostatic effect, for example, based on metals or metal compounds.

[0013] Such a protective material is described, for example, in DE 195 19 869 A1, which describes a multi-layered, textile, gas-permeable filter material with an adsorption layer based on activated carbon, particularly in the form of carbonized fibers. The activated carbon is impregnated with a metallic catalyst. A disadvantage of this protective material or filter system is that the impregnation with the catalyst results in a loss of some of the adsorption capacity required for adsorbing and thus neutralizing chemical pollutants. The impregnation process therefore negatively impacts the performance of the activated carbon used. Furthermore, impregnating the activated carbon material is relatively complex, which often complicates the manufacturing process for the activated carbon, especially the activation process.Furthermore, impregnation with the catalyst does not always achieve the desired effectiveness against biological pollutants or microorganisms. Finally, the impregnation process requires relatively large quantities of the catalyst metal.

[0014] Another approach is to equip permeable adsorptive filter systems with additional amounts of adsorptively reactive substances, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). A corresponding sorption filter material is described in WO 2009 / 056184 A1. In contrast to DE 195 19 869 A1, a preferred embodiment here involves additionally coating an activated carbon fiber sheet structure with MOF-based sorbent particles, the latter providing catalytic activity against pollutants. In this way, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon fibers is fully maintained. However, the high costs and manufacturing effort are disadvantages, particularly since the MOF particles must be used in addition to the activated carbon fibers, and a complex bonding process is required to integrate the MOF particles into or onto the protective material.The additional particle layer of MOF particles also significantly increases the basis weight of the protective material, resulting in a greater weight of the protective clothing and a corresponding reduction in wearing comfort.

[0015] Another disadvantage remains that absorption capacity limits for the adsorptively reactive substances can be reached, potentially leading to a loss of functionality of the protective material. Furthermore, there is a risk of inactivation of the absorption materials, especially the metal-organic framework compounds, for example, through mechanical stress on the protective material.

[0016] Against this background, further solutions are needed that provide reliable, robust and long-lasting protection against chemical, biological and nuclear toxins or warfare agents.

[0017] One object of the present invention is therefore to provide an adsorption filter material or a protective material that largely avoids or at least mitigates the disadvantages of the prior art described above. In particular, such an adsorption filter or protective material should be characterized by an ABC protection function (CBRN protection function) and preferably be suitable for use in the civilian and / or military sector, as well as for the manufacture of ABC protective materials of all kinds, such as ABC protective clothing and the like, as well as filters and filter materials.

[0018] A further object of the present invention is to provide a permeable, in particular gas- or air-permeable, adsorption filter or protective material, especially of the aforementioned type, which is reliably and persistently effective in providing protection against both chemical toxins or pollutants, especially chemical warfare agents, and biological pollutants (e.g., microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi), especially biological warfare agents. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is also to provide such a permeable, in particular gas- or air-permeable, adsorption filter or protective material, especially of the aforementioned type, which offers acceptable or, ideally, comfortable wear, particularly over extended periods and / or during periods of increased physical exertion by the wearer.

[0019] To solve the problem described above, the present invention therefore proposes – according to a first aspect of the present invention – a textile protective material according to the invention, preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, according to claim 1; further advantageous developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent and sub-claims relating to the protective material according to the invention.

[0020] A further object of the present invention – according to a second aspect of the present invention – is a method for producing a textile protective material, preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, according to the claim relating thereto. Further advantageous embodiments and configurations of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the respective dependent claims.

[0021] Yet another subject matter of the present invention - according to a third aspect of the present invention - is the use of a protective material according to the present invention for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds according to the claim relating thereto.

[0022] A further subject matter of the present invention – according to a fourth aspect of the present invention – is protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, particularly for the civilian or military sector, preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological, and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protection, according to the relevant claim. Furthermore, a further subject matter of the present invention – according to a fifth aspect of the present invention – is the use of a metal-based catalytically active component in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, in a textile protective material, according to the relevant claim.Further advantageous developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent claims.

[0023] It goes without saying that in the following description of the present invention, such embodiments, features, advantages, examples or the like, which are subsequently described – for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetition – only with regard to a single aspect of the invention, naturally also apply to the other aspects of the invention without the need for express mention.

[0024] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the following specifications of values, numbers and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; it is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that deviations from the specified ranges or specifications are possible in individual cases or depending on the application, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Furthermore, it should be noted that all values ​​and parameters mentioned below can, in principle, be determined using standardized or explicitly specified determination methods, or alternatively, using determination and measurement methods that are generally familiar to those skilled in the field. Unless otherwise stated, the underlying values ​​and parameters are determined under standard conditions (i.e., in particular at a temperature of 20 °C and / or a pressure of 1013.25 hPa or 1.01325 bar).

[0026] Furthermore, it should be noted that with regard to all relative or percentage quantities listed below, particularly those related to weight, these quantities must be selected or combined by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention in such a way that the total always results in 100% or 100% by weight, possibly including further components or ingredients, especially as defined below. This is self-evident to a person skilled in the art. Moreover, a person skilled in the art may, if necessary, deviate from the values ​​or ranges of the quantities or contents of the ingredients or components listed below, depending on the application or specific circumstances, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0027] Furthermore, it goes without saying that individual aspects and embodiments of the present invention shall also be deemed disclosed in any combination with other aspects and embodiments of the present invention, and in particular any combination of features and embodiments as they result from the cross-references of all claims shall be deemed to be extensively disclosed, with regard to all possible combinations.

[0028] In particular, any combination of the features characterizing the invention is also considered disclosed, with embodiments of the same preference for the various features in their combination being preferred (e.g., quantities or quantity ranges of the relevant ingredients of the same preference, or the like). Likewise, all other combinations (i.e., combinations based on different preferences or different levels of preference) are also disclosed.

[0029] Having said that, the present invention will now be described and explained in more detail, also with reference to drawings or figures illustrating preferred embodiments or exemplary embodiments.

[0030] The subject matter of the present invention – according to a first aspect of the present invention – is a textile protective material, preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, wherein the textile protective material comprises a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and wherein the textile protective material has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of layers arranged on top of each other, preferably interconnected, layers, wherein the textile protective material comprises the following layers, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:

[0031] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer), wherein the textile outer layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0032] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer arranged on one side, in particular on the inside, of the textile outer layer, wherein the textile reactive layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0033] (c) an adsorption layer arranged on the textile reactive layer, in particular on the inside of the reactive layer, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles,

[0034] (d) an inner layer arranged on the adsorption layer, in particular on the inside of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

[0035] The applicant has surprisingly discovered that protective materials with the inventive structure and configuration, specifically due to the specific combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, exhibit advantageous protective properties against chemical, biological, and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins. This advantageous protective function is expressed in a high and / or long-lasting absorption or neutralization capacity for pollutants or toxins. The absorption or neutralization capacity for pollutants or toxins (e.g., chemical warfare agents, particularly from the phosphate ester group) is especially higher than that of protective materials containing only an active component.At the same time, the protective function is also higher due to the combination of the catalytically active component and the particulate adsorbent than would have been expected for the sum of the individual materials. This can be attributed in particular to the preferably consecutive arrangement of the materials and the advantageous combination of two different mechanisms of action, which together allow for a significantly more efficient inactivation of pollutants and toxins than is the case for the individual substances. Thus, an increase in the absorption capacity for pollutants and toxins is observed, so that the present invention provides a protective material with generally advantageous application properties.

[0036] In this context, it is particularly advantageous that the metal-based component relies on a catalytic mechanism, enabling a high neutralization performance or a high degree of deactivation of pollutants. Simultaneously, it is advantageous that fatigue or saturation of the metal-based component does not occur, or at most only very slowly or over a comparatively long period, due to its catalytic function. This allows for a particularly long-lasting and efficient protective effect.

[0037] In combination with the particulate adsorbent, the protective material according to the invention thus comprises two different, mutually complementary active components which, due to their different modes of action, achieve a very reliable protective function of the material. These are advantageously based on the catalytic deactivation of pollutants as well as their simultaneous adsorption. This allows for a kind of dual protection or a doubly enhanced protective effect, which significantly increases the protection of the substrate compared to conventional protective materials. In particular, the combination of active materials with different mechanisms of action achieves a complex or multidimensional protection, enabling a broader or more extensive protective effect compared to conventional protective materials.

[0038] Furthermore, the arrangement of the layers of the protective material according to the present invention advantageously results in an enhanced and more reliable protective function. The preferably consecutive arrangement of the reactive layer and the adsorption layer allows for efficient, dense, and comprehensive absorption and / or neutralization of pollutants and toxins. This preferably consecutive arrangement enables particularly effective neutralization and absorption of pollutants and toxins, effectively preventing breakthroughs or capacity exhaustion. The direct arrangement of the metal-based catalytically active component and the particulate adsorbent on top of each other advantageously contributes to the enhanced protective function achieved, especially since pollutants flowing through the material come into effective and largely complete contact with at least one active material, and regularly with both active materials, and are thus effectively neutralized to a high degree.be adsorbed.

[0039] Furthermore, the combination of layers of the protective material according to the invention allows for effective protection of the active materials (catalytically active component and particulate adsorbent) against external, e.g., mechanical, influences, so that the functionality of the active materials is reliably ensured and can be maintained for a long time. In this respect, the overall arrangement of the layers of the protective material according to the invention contributes advantageously to the reliable protective function of the protective material according to the invention.

[0040] At the same time, the individual layers or the protective material as a whole are advantageously designed in such a way that a breathable material is provided, which is advantageously characterized by a high level of wearing comfort combined with a high level of protection.

[0041] Regarding the metal-based catalytically active component in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, and particularly preferably as a xerogel, the following should be noted: Formulating the catalytically active component as a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, and particularly preferably as a xerogel, advantageously results in a large catalytically active surface area. Within a comparatively small area of ​​the textile substrate, a large catalytically active area for neutralizing or deactivating harmful or toxic substances can thus be created, which advantageously increases the protective function of the protective material according to the invention, particularly to a greater extent than would have been expected from a purely surface-based perspective, and also to a greater extent than if, for example, conventional, compact particles of the catalytically active component had been used as a coating or impregnation.

[0042] In contrast to the direct impregnation of the adsorption layer or the individual adsorber particles, which is frequently practiced in the prior art, the invention efficiently avoids direct coating or impregnation of the adsorption layer or the individual adsorber particles, thus preserving the total adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the formation of the metal-based catalytically active component in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, offers advantages over conventionally produced metal-based catalytically active components in the form of non-porous solids, especially without a network-like structure, as produced according to the prior art, for example, by precipitation, defatting, spraying, etc.The decisive advantage of obtaining the catalytically active components themselves is that significantly higher catalytic activities are achieved, and in addition, a certain adsorptive effect is also produced due to the porosity. This is impressively demonstrated by the exemplary embodiments. Without committing to a specific theory, this effect can possibly be explained by the increase in the active surface area resulting from the porosity, particularly the network-like structure.

[0043] Since the metal-based catalytically active component is in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, and particularly preferably as a xerogel, the porosity also reduces the basis weight while improving catalytic performance. Furthermore, these particles are more mechanically resistant and exhibit, in particular, improved abrasion and burst resistance.

[0044] Overall, this results in a durable protective material with a high adsorption and neutralization capacity for toxic or combat agents, which, due to its high protective function against harmful or toxic substances of the aforementioned type, especially chemical warfare agents, is particularly suitable for use in the field of ABC protection or NBC protection (nuclear, biological, chemical).

[0045] According to the applicable first aspect, the present invention relates to a textile protective material, preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, wherein the textile protective material comprises a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and wherein the textile protective material has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of layers arranged on top of each other, preferably interconnected, layers, wherein the textile protective material comprises the following layers, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:

[0046] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer), wherein the textile outer layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0047] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer arranged on one side, in particular on the inside, of the textile outer layer, wherein the textile reactive layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0048] (c) an adsorption layer arranged on the textile reactive layer, in particular on the inside of the reactive layer, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles,

[0049] (d) an inner layer arranged on the adsorption layer, in particular on the inside of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

[0050] As regards the metal-based catalytically active component of the reactive layer, it is preferred according to the invention if the metal-based catalytically active component comprises a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular consists of this, preferably being a metal oxide and / or hydroxide.

[0051] In particular, it is provided that the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, more specifically selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, and more preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, and more preferably Zr, preferably wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, more preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises one to six, more specifically two to five, and more preferably two to four, oxygen atoms per metal atom. Within the scope of the present invention, metal-containing oxides and / or hydroxides, as described above, have thus proven to be particularly suitable and effective, especially with regard to catalytic activity or catalytic potential for the deactivation of pollutants and toxins in accordance with the present invention.

[0052] It is equally preferred if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a sol-gel process.

[0053] If the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from a sol-gel process, a particularly durable bond or connection between the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide and the textile substrate can be advantageously achieved. In particular, it is possible to form a chemical bond or connection between the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide and the textile substrate, thus advantageously achieving a very stable and durable composite. Furthermore, a uniform and consistent coating or impregnation of the textile substrate is advantageously possible, enabling a suitably dense covering of the substrate with the catalytically active component. This, in turn, advantageously contributes to achieving an effective protective function of the protective material overall, while simultaneously allowing for a material-efficient approach.

[0054] In particular, the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, is present and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel.

[0055] By forming the catalytically active component as a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, and particularly preferably as a xerogel, a large catalytically active surface area is advantageously achieved. Within a comparatively small area of ​​the textile substrate, a large catalytically active area for neutralizing or deactivating harmful or toxic substances can thus be created, which advantageously increases the protective function of the protective material according to the invention, particularly to a greater extent than would have been expected from a purely surface-based perspective, and also to a greater extent than if, for example, conventional, compact particles of the catalytically active component had been used as a coating or impregnation.For the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, it has proven further advantageous if this(s) has a composition according to the general formula (I).

[0056] (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with

[0057] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr;

[0058] R 1 = independently of each other

[0059] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkyl, especially preferably Ci- to C4-alkyl, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl;

[0060] R 2 = independently of each other

[0061] Hydrogen;

[0062] - Me - (R 1 O) awith Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr;

[0063] - Me - (R 2 O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a.

[0064] It is particularly preferred if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, has a composition according to the general formula (I)

[0065] (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with

[0066] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr;

[0067] R 1 = independently of each other

[0068] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to C4-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl;

[0069] R 2 = independently of each other

[0070] Hydrogen;

[0071] - Me - (R 1 O) a with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr;

[0072] - Me - (R 2 O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, particularly 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a.

[0073] Components with a chemical composition as described above are characterized by advantageous effectiveness within the scope of the invention.

[0074] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises a hydroxide and / or oxide of silicon, titanium and / or zirconium, in particular of titanium and / or zirconium, preferably of zirconium, and in particular consists thereof.

[0075] It is particularly preferred if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably comprises the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, and in particular consists of the following.

[0076] For zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2), zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4), and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, particularly advantageous results regarding the protective effect of the protective materials according to the invention are observed. In particular, it has been shown that zirconium oxide (ZrCh), zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4), and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide exhibit pronounced catalytic activity in the deactivation or neutralization of harmful or toxic substances from the group of phosphonic acid esters, such as sarin, thus ensuring particularly efficient additional protection against such harmful or toxic substances. Furthermore, porous structures that are resilient and durablely bonded to the substrate can be produced with particular efficiency.This allows for reliable bonding of the catalytically active component to the textile carrier material of the reactive layer, thus maximizing the advantages of the protective material according to the invention. At the same time, highly efficient material usage is possible, which has an overall positive effect on the wearing comfort of protective clothing based on the protective material according to the invention.

[0077] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous within the scope of the invention if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a sol-gel process.

[0078] As previously stated, it is particularly advantageous if the catalytically active component results from and / or is obtained through a sol-gel process. These advantages are even more pronounced when the active component is in the form of zirconium oxide (ZrCh), zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4), and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, both resulting from and / or obtained through a sol-gel process. In this context, the aforementioned compounds are characterized by the advantageous formation of porous structures or xerogels when produced through a sol-gel process. This allows for the creation of large catalytically active surfaces, which effectively deactivate or neutralize harmful or toxic substances. This effect is not observed to the same extent when using conventional powders or similar materials.At the same time, a composite of catalytically active component and textile carrier, based in particular on chemical bonds, can be achieved, so that the textile carrier can be efficiently and material-optimized provided with the catalytically optimized component, while at the same time ensuring an effective protective effect based on the catalytically active component.

[0079] It is preferably provided that a metal-organic compound, serving in particular as a precursor, is applied as a sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or as a lyogel, preferably as a sol, in particular a nanosol, to the textile reactive layer (i.e., the textile support for the reactive layer), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside of the textile reactive layer, preferably wherein the sol, in particular a nanosol, of the metal-organic compound serving in particular as a precursor results as a lyogel on the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside of the textile reactive layer, and / or preferably wherein the lyogel is transformed into the porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into the xerogel, while retaining the metal-based catalytically active component.

[0080] In this way, the durable and resilient composite of textile carrier material and catalytically active component described above can be effectively achieved. At the same time, this approach allows for material-efficient application, thus achieving a balanced ratio between applied material and the protective effect obtained.

[0081] Good results are obtained within the scope of the present invention if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor; in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II)

[0082] (R 3 )ym - Me - (X)yn (II), with

[0083] R 3 = independently of each other

[0084] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl;

[0085] Aryl, in particular Cs- to C2o-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cis-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cio-aryl;

[0086] Olefin, in particular terminal olefin, preferably C2- to Cio-olefin, more preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, particularly preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, most preferably C2- and / or Cs-olefin, particularly preferably vinyl;

[0087] Amine, in particular C2- to Cio-amine, preferably C2- to Cs-amine, more preferably C2- to Cs-amine, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-amine; carboxylic acid, in particular C2- to Cw-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-carboxylic acid;

[0088] Alcohol, in particular C2 to Cio alcohol, preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, more preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol;

[0089] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr;

[0090] X = independent of each other,

[0091] Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine;

[0092] Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkoxy, particularly preferably Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1; with the proviso that m + n = y, preferably wherein n < m.

[0093] It is particularly preferred that the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor; in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II)

[0094] (R 3 )ym - Me - (X)yn (II), with

[0095] R 3 = independently of each other

[0096] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl;

[0097] Alcohol, especially C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol;

[0098] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; X = independent of each other,

[0099] Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine;

[0100] Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably C1- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, more preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, more preferably 0 or 1; with the proviso that m + n = y, more preferably where n < m.

[0101] When precursor compounds, as described above, are used within the scope of the invention, particularly good results can be achieved for the sol-gel process, the material deposition, and the resulting bond with the textile substrate. In particular, the aforementioned compounds are characterized by advantageous reactivities, enabling a favorable sol-gel formation rate and, especially, chemical bonding with the substrate material. This results to a correspondingly advantageous degree in the formation of the catalytically active component, particularly in the form of an oxide or hydroxide, as well as a permanent bond with the textile substrate.

[0102] Regarding the nature of the reactive layer or the metal-based catalytically active component on the reactive layer, it has proven advantageous within the scope of the invention if the metal-based catalytically active component is comprised and / or present on the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, with a layer thickness in the range of 0.001 pm to 1 pm, in particular from 0.005 pm to 0.5 pm, preferably 0.01 pm to 0.1 pm, particularly preferably 0.02 pm to 0.08 pm.

[0103] The layer thickness is preferably calculated according to the following formula: where:

[0104] Layer thickness in [pm] Application quantity in [g / m²] 2 Fiber surface area in [m²] 2 ] Density act. com. = Density of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / cm³] 3], and the calculation of the fiber surface area is performed according to the following formula:

[0105] The area of ​​the fiber is equal to n * fiber length * fiber diameter, where:

[0106] Fiber surface area in [m²] 2 ]

[0107] Fiber length in [m]

[0108] Fiber diameter in [m]

[0109] Within the scope of the present invention, comparatively thin layers of the catalytically active component can therefore be produced, while at the same time ensuring that a comparatively high activity or protective effect is achieved for these thin layers.

[0110] Good results are also obtained within the scope of the invention if the metal-based catalytically active component is applied at a quantity in the range of 0.1 g / m². 2 up to 20 g / m² 2 , especially of 0.5 g / m³ 2 up to 15 g / m² 2 , preferably 1 g / m² 2 up to 12 g / m² 2, especially preferably 3 g / m² 2 up to 10 g / m² 2 on the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, is encompassed and / or is present.

[0111] In this context, it has proven effective to calculate the order quantity according to the following formula: where:

[0112] Cwt = coating amount of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / m²] 2 ], mol.wt ■ act. Komp. = Molecular weight of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / mol], mol.wt ■ Precursor ~ Molecular weight of the organometallic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / mol],

[0113] Pwt = amount of solution of the organometallic compound used, in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / m³] 2 ], P% = weight percent fraction of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used.

[0114] The advantage here is that the quantity used (P) w t) the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, preferably in a range of 30 g / m³ 2 up to 200 g / m² 2 , especially 40 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 , preferably 45 g / m² 2 up to 130 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 50 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , lies.

[0115] It is also advantageous if the weight percent fraction (P%) of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used is preferably in the range of 10 wt.% to 50 wt.%, in particular 13 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably 15 wt.% to 37 wt.%, and particularly preferably 18 wt.% to 33 wt.%.

[0116] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is preferred if the amount of the metal-based catalytically active component, based on the textile reactive layer, is 0.01 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 12 wt.%, and particularly preferably 1 wt.% to 9 wt.%.

[0117] Within the scope of the present invention, effective protective materials with enhanced protective function are obtained using comparatively small application quantities of the catalytically active component. The application and processing method of the precursor compound is also material-efficient. This further underscores the efficiency of the catalytically active components used with regard to the deactivation or neutralization of harmful or toxic substances, as required by the present invention. In this respect, the present invention advantageously allows for the provision of a functionally optimized protective material while simultaneously maintaining a comparatively high level of wearing comfort for protective clothing based on the protective material according to the invention.Regarding the functionality of the protective material according to the invention, good results are also obtained if the metal-based catalytically active component, which is formed and / or present in the form of a porous solid, has a specific BET surface area in the range of 25 m. 2 / g up to 2,000 m 2 / g, especially 50 m 2 / g up to 1,500 m 2 / g, preferably 75 m 2 / g up to 1,250 m 2 / g, especially preferred 100 m 2 / g up to 1,100 m 2 / g, exhibits.

[0118] The BET surface is specifically defined according to DIN ISO 9277 in its current version.

[0119] The determination of the specific surface area according to BET is generally known to those skilled in the art, so no further details need to be elaborated upon. All BET surface area specifications refer to the determination according to DIN ISO 9277. Within the scope of the present invention, the so-called MultiPoint BET determination method (MP-BET) is used to determine the BET surface area – generally and unless expressly stated otherwise – in a partial pressure range p / po of 0.05 to 0.1.

[0120] As already mentioned, the present invention advantageously allows for the application of a coating or impregnation of a catalytically active component to a textile substrate in such a way that particularly large surface areas of the catalytically active compound, which is present in particular in the form of a porous solid or preferably in the form of a xerogel, are achieved. On this basis, increased efficiency with regard to the deactivation or neutralization of pollutants or toxins can be achieved. Due to the large surface area of ​​the porous solid or xerogel, a large catalytically active area can be provided on a comparatively small substrate area, so that a pollutant or toxin reliably comes into contact with the surface of the catalytically active component when flowing through the reactive layer and is thereby deactivated.At the same time, the large surface area allows for a long-lasting effect of the reactive layer, as a comparatively large number of catalytic centers are available.

[0121] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component, which is formed and / or present in the form of a porous solid, is in particulate form and / or in the form of particles. In this case, it is preferred if the particles have a particle diameter, in particular a mean particle diameter D50, in the range of 50 nm to 750 nm, preferably 150 nm to 650 nm, more preferably 200 nm to 550 nm, and most preferably 250 nm to 450 nm.

[0122] The determination is carried out in particular according to DIN ISO 9276-2 in its current version.

[0123] The relevant particle sizes can be determined, in particular, using the method according to DIN ISO 9276-2. Furthermore, the aforementioned quantities can be determined using methods based on sieve analysis, X-ray diffraction, laser diffractometry, or similar techniques. These respective methods are well known to those skilled in the art, so no further explanation is required.

[0124] By forming the catalytically active component in particulate form, good mobility or movement of the reactive layer can be advantageously ensured without the risk of damage to the active material from movements of the textile substrate.

[0125] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component, which is formed and / or present in the form of a porous solid, has a porosity in the range of 10% to 60%, preferably 15% to 50%, preferably 20% to 45%, and particularly preferably 23% to 40%.

[0126] The porosity is preferably determined according to DIN ISO 15901-1 in its current version.

[0127] The determination of porosity is generally known to those skilled in the art, so no further details need to be elaborated upon. In this case, the determination is carried out in accordance with DIN ISO 15901-1, "Evaluation of the pore size distribution and porosity of solids by mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption".

[0128] A porosity in the aforementioned area has proven advantageous with regard to providing an enhanced and reliable protective function of the protective material according to the invention, particularly with regard to effective flow through the catalytically active material. As for the reactive layer itself, it can generally be designed in a variety of ways.

[0129] Within the scope of the invention, it has proven advantageous if the textile reactive layer is a woven, knitted, crocheted, laid, textile composite, nonwoven or non-woven fabric and / or wherein the textile reactive layer is a textile fabric with a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m², in particular 40 to

[0130] 2 2

[0131] 120 g / m², preferably 60 to 120 g / m².

[0132] Textile carriers with the aforementioned properties and basis weight contribute advantageously overall to increased wearing comfort for protective clothing based on the protective material according to the invention.

[0133] Furthermore, it is preferred if the reactive layer is a textile fabric consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and / or wherein the reactive layer is a textile fabric consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers.

[0134] In this context, it has proven advantageous if the natural and / or synthetic fibers, particularly protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional, are selected from the group consisting of cotton; wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, in particular cellulose acetates; triacetates, in particular cellulose triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and their mixtures or combinations, preferably cotton.

[0135] In particular, fibers of the aforementioned type allow for a durable and resilient bond or connection with the catalytically active component. Without committing to or limiting ourselves to this theory, it appears that the catalytically active component, especially during the sol-gel process during application, forms chemical bonds with polar groups, such as hydroxyl groups, of the textile substrate fibers, resulting in a strong composite that advantageously leads to high coating durability. In this way, highly effective reactive layers can be produced.Regarding the manner in which the reactive material and the metal-based catalytically active component interact, it is preferred according to the invention if the metal-based catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated and / or integrated onto and / or into the textile fabric, in particular onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments or the like forming the fabric, in particular by impregnation processes, chemical treatment processes, in particular reactive coating processes, preferably by application and / or impregnation of a sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or lyogel, preferably a sol, in particular a nanosol, optionally with subsequent aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking to form the lyogel, and with drying to form the xerogel.

[0136] For the reactive layer, it is particularly preferred within the scope of the invention if this textile reactive layer, which is present and / or formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile surface structure, is a woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, textile composite, fleece or non-woven fabric, and / or wherein the textile reactive layer is a textile surface structure with a basis weight of 10

[0137] 2 2 2 to 150 g / m², in particular 40 to 120 g / m², preferably 60 to 120 g / m², is, in particular wherein the textile reactive layer, which is present and / or formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile fabric, is a textile fabric consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and / or wherein the reactive layer is a textile fabric with or made of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, which is preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, and is present and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a net-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, comprises a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide,in particular consisting of this, preferably a metal oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr, preferably wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises one to six, in particular two to five, preferably two to four, oxygen atoms per metal atom, and / or in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide,resulting from a sol-gel process and / or, in particular, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated, and / or integrated onto and / or into the textile fabric, especially onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments, or the like forming the fabric, particularly by impregnation processes, chemical treatment processes, particularly reactive coating processes, preferably by application and / or impregnation of a sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or lyogel, preferably a sol, in particular a nanosol, optionally with subsequent aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking to form a lyogel, and with drying to form a xerogel, preferably wherein the amount of the metal-based catalytically active component, based on the textile reactive layer, is 0.01 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 12 wt.%, particularly preferably 1 wt.% to 9 wt.%.amounts.,

[0138] For this preferred design of the reactive layer, the aforementioned advantages and technical features are realized to a particularly high degree.

[0139] In addition to the reactive layer, the protective material according to the invention has an adsorption layer. The adsorption layer comprises a particulate adsorbent, or a particulate adsorbent forms this layer.

[0140] Within the scope of the invention, it is preferred if the particulate adsorbent encompassed in and / or forming the adsorption layer, in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles, is selected from the group of

[0141] (i) Activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or spherical form (“spherical carbon”);

[0142] (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites;

[0143] (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses; (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles;

[0144] (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type;

[0145] (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminium oxides;

[0146] (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite Imidazolate Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs;

[0147] (viii) mineral granules;

[0148] (ix) Clathrats; as well as

[0149] (x) their mixtures and / or combinations.

[0150] It is particularly preferred if the particulate adsorbent contained in and / or forming the adsorption layer, in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles, is selected from the group consisting of (i) activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form ("granular carbon") or spherical form ("spherical carbon").

[0151] For these particulate adsorbents, in combination with the previously described catalytically active component of the reactive layer, it has been shown that an advantageous increase in the protective function of a protective material can be achieved. In particular, an advantageous combination of mechanisms of action results, such that effective and, in particular, comprehensive deactivation or adsorption of harmful or toxic substances is achieved. This allows for an increase in the protective effect of protective clothing based on the protective material according to the invention, so that a high level of safety for the wearer of such protective clothing can be ensured. The combined effect of catalytically and adsorptively active materials means, in particular, that harmful or toxic substances are rendered harmless in two ways, so that the probability of penetration is significantly lower compared to conventional protective materials.The concentration of these substances is significantly reduced. Simultaneously, the capacity for neutralizing pollutants and toxins is increased. This increase in capacity is significantly enhanced and long-lasting due to the combination of the catalytic mechanism of action of the catalytically active component and the generally high adsorption capacity of the particulate adsorbent. Thus, a protective material is provided that can effectively withstand particularly high concentrations of pollutants and toxins and also offers long-lasting protection against them.

[0152] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the adsorber particles of the adsorption layer are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form ("granular carbon") or activated carbon particles in spherical form ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in spherical form.

[0153] Adsorbers or adsorber particles suitable according to the invention, in particular in the form of activated carbon as described below, are commercially available, e.g. from Blücher GmbH, Erkrath / Germany, or other commercial manufacturers and suppliers of activated carbon.

[0154] Adsorbers or adsorber particles, particularly in the form of activated carbon, with the properties and parameters mentioned below, which can be used particularly preferably according to the invention, are described in particular in the following prior art documents: DE 20 2006 016 898 U1 , EP 1 918 022 and US 2008 / 0107589 A1 , WO 01 / 83688 (PCT / EP 01 / 04615) , WO 2011 / 003434 (PCT / EP 2009 / 007172) , WO 2008 / 110233 (PCT / EP 2008 / 000606) and WO 2013 / 068060 (PCT / EP 2012 / 003743).

[0155] The activated carbon, which is preferably used according to the invention, exhibits excellent adsorption properties overall, which are also characterized by the following specifications:

[0156] Preferably, according to the invention, the diameter of the adsorbent particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, is 0.005 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 0.015 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.02 mm to 1.25 mm, and most preferably 0.03 mm to 1 mm; and / or wherein the mean diameter, in particular the mean diameter D50, of the adsorbent particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, is 0.01 mm to 2 mm, in particular 0.02 mm to 1.75 mm, more preferably 0.03 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.04 mm to 1.25 mm, and most preferably 0.04 mm to 1 mm; and / or that the adsorbent particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, are present in an amount in the range of 5 g / m³. 2 up to 300 g / m²2 , especially 10 g / m² 2 up to 275 g / m² 2 , preferably 15 g / m² 2 up to 250 g / m² 2 , preferably 20 g / m² 2 up to 200 g / m² 2 , are used and / or wherein the protective material, in particular the adsorption layer, the adsorber particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, are used in an amount in the range of 5 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , especially 10 g / m² 2 up to 275 g / m² 2 , preferably 15 g / m² 2 up to 250 g / m² 2 , preferably 20 g / m² 2 up to 200 g / m² 2, exhibits; and / or that the adsorbent particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtainable by carbonization and subsequent activation of a synthetic and / or non-natural product-based particulate starting material, in particular based on organic polymer particles; and / or that the adsorbent particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained from a particulate starting material based on organic polymers, in particular based on sulfonated organic polymers, preferably based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably based on styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, in particular wherein the divinylbenzene content in the starting material is in the range of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%.-%, based on the starting material; and / or that the adsorber particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, are based on a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC; Polymer-based Spherical Activated Carbon) and / or wherein the adsorber particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, are formed from a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC).

[0157] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous for the adsorber particles of the adsorption layer if these are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form ("granular carbon") or activated carbon particles in spherical form ("spherical carbon"), preferably activated carbon particles in spherical form.

[0158] Advantageously, activated carbon has a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.3 cm³. 3 / g up to 3.8 cm 3 / g, especially in the area of ​​0.4 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.6 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially preferred in the area of ​​0.5 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, on. According to the invention, it is also preferred if at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon are formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores; and / or if 50% to 95%, in particular 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon are formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores; and / or if 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon are formed by pores with pore diameters of more than 2 nm, in particular by meso- and / or macropores.

[0159] Preferably, in this context, the activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm (i.e. < 2 nm), in particular micropore volumes according to Carbon Black, in the range of 0.05 cm³ 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially 0.15 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, in particular wherein 15% to 98%, in particular 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores; and / or that the activated carbon has a specific BET surface area in the range of 600 m² 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially 800 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably 1,000 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,200 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,300 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, exhibits; and / or that the activated carbon has a surface area formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores, in the range of 400 to 3,500 m². 2 / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m 2 / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m 2 / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m 2 / g, exhibits; and / or that the activated carbon has a surface area of ​​200 to 2,000 m² formed by pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, in particular by mesopores. 2 / g, especially 300 to 1,900 m 2 / g, preferably 400 to 1,800 m 2 / g, preferably 500 to 1,700 m³ / g; and / or that the activated carbon has a mean pore diameter in the range of 0.1 nm to 55 nm, in particular 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, preferably 1 nm to 40 nm.

[0160] Furthermore, for the design of the adsorber particles, it is preferably provided that the adsorber particles of the adsorption layer are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles; in particular, wherein the activated carbon has an abrasion resistance, determined according to ASTM D3802:2016, of at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, particularly preferably at least 99%, and most preferably at least 100%. and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a butane adsorption, determined according to ASTM D5742-16, of at least 20%, in particular of at least 30%, preferably of at least 35%, and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a butane adsorption, determined according to ASTM D5742-16, in the range of 20% to 90%, in particular in the range of 30% to 85%, preferably in the range of 35% to 80%;and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has an iodine value, determined according to ASTM D4607:2014, of at least 900 mg / g, in particular at least 1,000 mg / g, preferably at least 1,100 mg / g, and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has an iodine value, determined according to ASTM D4607:2014, in the range of 900 mg / g to 2,200 mg / g, in particular in the range of 1,000 mg / g to 2,100 mg / g, preferably in the range of 1,100 mg / g to 2,000 mg / g.

[0161] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorption layer further comprises the adsorbent, in particular the adsorbent particles, in the form of an adsorbent particle surface structure, in particular an activated carbon fiber surface structure, or is formed from such a structure.

[0162] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the protective material according to the invention, it has proven advantageous, especially with regard to the reactive layer and the adsorption layer, if the textile reactive layer, which is preferably a gas-permeable textile fabric and / or is formed as a woven, knitted, crocheted, non-woven fabric, textile composite, fleece or nonwoven, and / or wherein the textile reactive layer is a textile fabric with a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m², in particular 40 to 2 2

[0163] 120 g / m², preferably 60 to 120 g / m², in particular wherein the textile reactive layer, which is present and / or formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile fabric, is a textile fabric consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and / or wherein the reactive layer is a textile fabric with or made of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, which is preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, and is present and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a net-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, comprises a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular consisting of the following:preferably is a metal oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr, in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a sol-gel process, and / or in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated and / or integrated onto and / or into the textile fabric, in particular onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments or the like forming the fabric, in particular by impregnation processes.chemical treatment processes, in particular reactive coating processes, preferably by application and / or impregnation of a sol, in particular nanosols, and / or lyogel, preferably a sol, in particular nanosols, optionally with subsequent aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking to form a lyogel, and with drying to form a xerogel, and wherein the adsorber particles of the adsorption layer are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles, in particular wherein the adsorption layer comprises the adsorbent, in particular the adsorber particles, in the form of an adsorber particle surface structure, in particular an activated carbon fiber surface structure, or is formed therefrom. If the protective material according to the invention is designed as described above,The advantages associated with the respective features of the present invention are realized to a particularly high degree.

[0164] In addition to the two functional layers described, i.e. the reactive layer and the adsorption layer, the protective material according to the invention preferably also comprises a textile outer layer (although the outer layer is basically optional).

[0165] Regarding the design of this layer, it has proven advantageous if the textile outer layer is designed as a gas-permeable, particularly air-permeable, textile fabric, especially as a knitted fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric, or especially as a woven fabric, non-woven fabric, or textile composite, preferably a woven fabric; and / or if the textile outer layer comprises or is formed from natural textile fibers and / or synthetic textile fibers (chemical fibers), preferably synthetic textile fibers; and / or if the textile outer layer comprises or is formed from synthetic fibers (chemical fibers), optionally in combination with natural fibers, preferably cotton fibers; and / or if the textile outer layer comprises elastane (EL), especially elastane fibers; and / or if the textile outer layer has a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m² to 2 g / m².

[0166] 400 g / m², particularly in the range of 10 g / m² to 300 g / m², preferably in

[0167] 2 2 2

[0168] in the range of 20 g / m² to 250 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 30 g / m² to 175 g / m², in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning at a temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 65%; and / or if the textile outer layer has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range of 0.01 mm to 8 mm, preferably in the range of 0.05 mm to 4 mm, preferably in the range of 0.075 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, further preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 1 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084; and / or if the textile outer layer has a gas permeability, in particular 2 1

[0169] Air permeability of at least 1.5 I ms, in particular at least 2 1 2 1

[0170] 3 I ms, preferably at least 7 I ms, preferably at least 2 1 2 1

[0171] 10 I ms, particularly preferably at least 20 I ms, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

[0172] Good results are also obtained within the scope of the invention if the textile outer layer comprises or consists of a material, in particular a textile fiber material, preferably textile fibers selected from the group of natural and synthetic materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton; wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, in particular cellulose acetates; triacetates, in particular cellulose triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof, preferably cotton.

[0173] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the textile outer layer, in particular the outside of the textile outer layer, is impregnated, in particular oleophobized and / or hydrophobized, preferably oleophobized and hydrophobized, in particular in the form of an impregnation or coating, preferably by means of at least one fluorocarbon and / or at least one fluorocarbon, preferably a fluorinated polymer.

[0174] In this way, the invention achieves an additional complementation of the protective function of the protective material according to the invention, so that a further increase in the protective effect of protective clothing based on the protective material according to the invention is possible for its wearer.

[0175] It is also possible that the textile outer layer, in particular the outer surface of the textile outer layer, is equipped with a flame retardant, and / or that the textile outer layer, in particular the outer surface of the textile outer layer, is equipped with an antistatic finish, and / or, in particular, that the textile outer layer, in particular the outer surface of the textile outer layer, is equipped with infrared reflection properties. It is preferably provided that the inner surface of the textile outer layer forms the side of the outer layer facing away from a pollutant source or the environment and / or the side of the outer layer facing the reactive layer, and / or that the outer surface of the reactive layer forms the side of the reactive layer facing a pollutant source or the environment and the side of the reactive layer facing the outer layer.

[0176] Overall, based on the preferred embodiments of the protective material described above, a further improved protective material or a protective material with an improved protective function is achieved compared to conventional protective materials.

[0177] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the protective material further comprises:

[0178] (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer arranged on and / or connected with the adsorption layer, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure comprising or consisting of a plurality of individual textile fibers,

[0179] (f) optionally a cover layer arranged on and / or connected with the particle and aerosol filter layer, wherein the cover layer is preferably a gas-permeable textile surface structure and / or is designed, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and the cover layer are arranged in particular directly following one another, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and optionallythe cover layer is / are arranged between the reactive layer and the adsorption layer or between the outer layer and the reactive layer and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is arranged between the reactive layer and the adsorption layer or between the outer layer and the reactive layer, preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is arranged on the inside of the reactive layer and / or the cover layer is arranged on the outside of the adsorption layer.In this sense, the present invention, according to the applicable aspect, also includes in particular such a protective material, especially as described above, which has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile multilayer material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of layers arranged on top of each other, preferably connected to each other, wherein the protective material comprises the following layers, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:.

[0180] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer), wherein the textile outer layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0181] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer arranged on one side, in particular on the inside, of the textile outer layer, wherein the textile reactive layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0182] (c) an adsorption layer arranged on the textile reactive layer, in particular on the inside of the reactive layer, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles,

[0183] (d) an inner layer arranged on the adsorption layer, in particular on the inside of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0184] (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer arranged on and / or connected to the adsorption layer, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual textile fibers, (f) optionally a cover layer arranged on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer, wherein the cover layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile structure, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and the cover layer are arranged in direct succession, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and optionallythe cover layer is / are arranged between the reactive layer and the adsorption layer or between the outer layer and the reactive layer and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is arranged between the reactive layer and the adsorption layer, preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is arranged on the inside of the reactive layer and / or the cover layer is arranged on the outside of the adsorption layer.

[0185] For the arrangement of the layers of the protective material according to the invention, it has also proven advantageous if the majority of superimposed layers of the textile multilayer material, preferably composite material, are (only) partially and / or sectionally connected, in particular not fully connected.

[0186] Preferably, the layers are connected to each other (only) at the edges and / or in the area of ​​edge surfaces, preferably by sewing, gluing, welding, in particular by sewing edge sections or surfaces.

[0187] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the adsorption layer is attached to the inner layer, particularly via the outside of the inner layer, especially via the inside of the adsorption layer, and / or if the adsorption layer is connected to the inner layer, particularly via the outside of the inner layer, especially via the inside of the adsorption layer, and especially by bonding.

[0188] In this sense, it has proven advantageous if the protective material further comprises an adhesive layer applied to one side of the inner layer, in particular to the side of the outer surface of the inner layer adjacent to the adsorption layer, wherein the adhesive layer is and / or is formed as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer.In this sense, the present invention, according to the applicable aspect, also includes in particular such a protective material, especially as described above, which has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile multilayer material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of layers arranged on top of each other, preferably connected to each other, wherein the protective material comprises the following layers, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:.

[0189] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer), wherein the textile outer layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0190] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer arranged on one side, in particular on the inside, of the textile outer layer, wherein the textile reactive layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0191] (c) an adsorption layer arranged on the textile reactive layer, in particular on the inside of the reactive layer, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles,

[0192] (d) an inner layer arranged on the adsorption layer, in particular on the inside of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0193] (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer arranged on and / or connected to the adsorption layer, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is and / or is configured as a gas-permeable textile fabric comprising or formed from a plurality of individual textile fibers, (f) optionally a cover layer arranged on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer, wherein the cover layer is and / or is configured as a preferably gas-permeable textile fabric.

[0194] (g) has an adhesive layer applied to one side of the inner layer, in particular to the side of the outer surface of the inner layer adjacent to the adsorption layer, wherein the adhesive layer is and / or is formed as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and the cover layer are arranged in particular directly one after the other, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and optionallythe cover layer is / are arranged between the reactive layer and the adsorption layer or between the outer layer and the reactive layer and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is arranged between the reactive layer and the adsorption layer or between the outer layer and the reactive layer, preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is arranged on the inside of the reactive layer and / or the cover layer is arranged on the outside of the adsorption layer.

[0195] With regard to the design of the adhesive layer, it is preferred if the adhesive layer and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer is applied in an amount in the range of 5 g / m². 2 up to 80 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 60 g / m² 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 50 g / m² 2, applied and / or coated to the inner layer.

[0196] Advantageously, the adhesive and / or the adhesive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates (PA), polymethacrylates (PMA), polymethyl methacrylates (PMMA), polycarbonates (PC), polyurethanes (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyolefins, and silicones, as well as mixtures or combinations of at least two of the aforementioned compounds, preferably polyurethane (PU). Preferably, the adhesive and / or the adhesive polymer is a polyurethane (PU).

[0197] Preferably, the adhesive layer has a density in the range of 100 g / l to 500 g / l, particularly in the range of 150 g / l to 400 g / l, preferably in the range of 200 g / l to 350 g / l.

[0198] In a preferred embodiment of the protective material according to the invention, the adhesive layer may also partially penetrate into the inner layer and / or the adhesive layer may extend into the inner layer.

[0199] Regarding the further design of the adhesive layer, it has proven advantageous if the adhesive layer and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer is applied and / or deposited onto the inner layer as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on an adhesive polymer, wherein the adhesive layer is formed either in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed over the inner layer, preferably in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam;and / or if the adhesive layer is formed either in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed over the inner layer, preferably in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam.;

[0200] A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the adhesive layer and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer is applied and / or deposited onto the inner layer as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam; in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam comprises a plurality of dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles;and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam, in particular the dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles of the broken adhesive foam, has or has a plurality of destroyed and / or broken and / or collapsed walls and / or webs made of adhesive polymer; and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam has a proportion of destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles of at least 10%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%, based on the total number of foam bubbles in the broken adhesive polymer foam;and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam has a proportion of destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles in the range of 10% to 100%, in particular in the range of 30% to 99.9%, preferably in the range of 50% to 99%, more preferably in the range of 70% to 99%, and most preferably in the range of 90% to 98%, based on the total number of foam bubbles in the fractured adhesive polymer foam; and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam is not closed and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam has a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings, in particular extending in the fractured adhesive polymer foam, and / or a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings, in particular connecting the respective outer surfaces of the fractured adhesive polymer foam and / or the adhesive layer;and / or, in particular, wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam is continuous and / or coherent; and / or, in particular, wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam is applied and / or deposited at least substantially over the entire surface and / or on the entire side of the inner layer; and / or, in particular, wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer, has a density and / or volumetric weight reduced by at least 5%, in particular by at least 10%, preferably by at least 15%, preferably by at least 20%, and especially preferably by at least 25%, which is reduced by at least 5%, in particular by at least 10%, preferably by at least 15%, preferably by at least 20%, and particularly preferably by at least 25%, which is reduced by a volumetric weight relative to the area of ​​the non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer;and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding non-foamed and / or continuous adhesive polymer, has a density and / or reduced, in particular reduced, volumetric weight, in the range of 5% to 80%, in particular reduced, in the range of 10% to 70%, preferably in the range of 15% to 60%, preferably in the range of 20% to 55%, relative to the non-foamed and / or continuous adhesive polymer; and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unfractured adhesive polymer foam, has a density and / or increased, in particular increased, volumetric weight, relative to the intact and / or unfractured adhesive polymer foam, by a maximum of 10%, in particular increased, in particular increased, by a maximum of 5%, preferably increased, by a maximum of 1%;and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam, exhibits a reduction in elasticity and / or reversible elongation by at most 30%, in particular by at most 20%, preferably by at most 10%, preferably by at most 5%, relative to the intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam; and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam, exhibits a reduction in elasticity and / or reversible elongation in the range of 5% to 30%, in particular in the range of 10% to 20%, relative to the intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam;and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam is obtainable by drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, of a foamed, preferably under mechanical energy input, aqueous or organic-based, preferably aqueous-based, solution and / or dispersion of the adhesive polymer, in particular accompanied by at least partial breaking of the foam provided by the foamed solution and / or dispersion of the adhesive polymer, in particular wherein the drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, is carried out in the presence of at least one foaming agent and optionally at least one foam stabilizer and optionally at least one crosslinker and optionally at least one emulsifier and optionally at least one thickener.;

[0201] Regarding the further optional or preferably intended layers, it has proven advantageous with respect to the particle and / or aerosol filter layer if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is a gas-permeable textile fabric comprising or formed from a multitude of individual textile fibers with fiber diameters in the range of 10 nm to 30 pm, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 pm, preferably with a basis weight, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127, in the range of 2 g / m². 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 5 g / m³ 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 80 g / m² 2 ; and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has a basis weight in the range of 2 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 5 g / m³ 2 up to 90 g / m² 2, particularly preferably in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 80 g / m² 2, in particular as defined in DIN EN 12127; and / or if the textile fibers of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer have fiber diameters in the range of 10 nm to 30 pm, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 pm; and / or if synthetic fibers (chemical fibers) are used as textile fibers of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer, in particular from the group consisting of polyesters (PES); polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene; polyvinyl chlorides (CLF); polyvinylidene chlorides (CLF); acetates (CA); triacetates (CTA); polyacrylic (PAN), in particular polyacrylonitriles; polyamides (PA); polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL); polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; poly(meth)acrylates; polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDF); and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably polyurethanes; Polyesters, polyolefins, polyamides, polyacrylonitriles, poly(meth-)acrylates and polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDF) and mixtures thereof, especially preferably polyurethanes;and / or if polyurethane fibers are used as textile fibers in the particle and / or aerosol filter layer; and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is designed as a non-woven fabric or textile composite, in particular a non-woven fabric, particularly preferably a non-woven fabric; and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is designed and / or is made of polyurethane fibers as a non-woven fabric or textile composite, in particular a non-woven fabric, particularly preferably a non-woven fabric; and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is produced by electrospinning, meltblowing, or a combination of these two processes, preferably by a combination of electrospinning and meltblowing.

[0202] Preferably, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is arranged directly on the adsorption layer, in particular fixed to and / or on the adsorption layer, preferably laminated thereto; and / or that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is fixed to and / or on the adsorption layer, preferably by means of lamination, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is also fixed to and / or on the cover layer, preferably by means of lamination; and / or that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is fixed to and / or on the adsorption layer, preferably by means of lamination, and wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is also fixed to and / or on the cover layer, preferably by means of lamination.

[0203] With regard to the nature of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer, it has proven advantageous if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is a textile surface structure formed by and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, with a plurality of pores or meshes limited by the textile fibers;in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has a mean pore size or mean mesh size of at most 200 pm, in particular at most 100 pm, preferably at most 75 pm, particularly preferably at most 50 pm, most preferably at most 40 pm, even more preferably at most 10 pm, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has a mean pore size or mean mesh size in the range of 0.5 pm to 200 pm, in particular in the range of 0.75 pm to 100 pm, preferably in the range of 1 pm to 75 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 1 pm to 50 pm, most preferably in the range of 1 pm to 40 pm, even more preferably in the range of 1 pm to 25 pm; and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has pores or meshes, in particular a plurality of pores or meshes;in particular wherein the mean pore size or mean mesh size is at most 200 pm, in particular at most 100 pm, preferably at most 75 pm, particularly preferably at most 50 pm, very preferably at most 40 pm, even more preferably at most 10 pm, and / or in particular wherein the mean pore size or mean mesh size is in the range of 0.5 pm to 200 pm, in particular in the range of 0.75 pm to 100 pm, preferably in the range of 1 pm to 75 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 1 pm to 50 pm, very preferably in the range of 1 pm to 40 pm, even more preferably in the range of 1 pm to 25 pm.

[0204] Good results are also obtained if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is a textile surface structure formed by and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, with pores or meshes bounded by the textile fibers; in particular wherein the ratio of the mean pore size or mesh size to the mean diameter of the textile fibers is in the range of 0.1 to 2,000, in particular in the range of 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 5 to 350, particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 300, most preferably in the range of 25 to 250.

[0205] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90%, and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95%, and most preferably at least 99%; and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has an integral initial penetration efficiency Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS = 0.1 to 0.3 pm) of at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, particularly preferably at most 20%, and most preferably at most 10%;and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 pm of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, at an approach velocity of 0.1 m / s, and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters > 2 pm, in particular > 1.5 pm, preferably > 1.0 pm, of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, at an approach velocity of 0.1 m / s;and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has a separation efficiency, in particular fractional separation efficiency, of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, determined according to DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals with potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance as the minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS = 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm); and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer has a thickness in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.01 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 1 mm, even more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.8 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084; and / or if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is designed as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or ULPA filter (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air).

[0206] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is formed as an air-permeable textile fabric in the form of a nonwoven (non-woven) material, preferably with a basis weight (in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127) in the range of 10 nm to 30 pm, preferably 50 nm to 10 pm, formed by and / or from textile fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, with fiber diameters in the range of 10 nm to 30 pm. 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 5 g / m³ 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 80 g / m² 2 , is formed, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer is produced by electrospinning, meltblow process or a combination of these two processes.

[0207] With regard to the further optional orThe preferably intended cover layer is advantageously designed and / or exists as a preferably gas-permeable textile fabric; and / or that the cover layer is designed as an air-permeable textile fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric, in particular as a woven fabric (knitted fabric) or knitted fabric (knitted fabric); and / or that the cover layer comprises or is formed from natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers (chemical fibers), preferably natural fibers, particularly preferably cotton fibers; and / or that the cover layer comprises or is formed from natural fibers, particularly preferably cotton fibers, optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (chemical fibers); and / or that the cover layer comprises or is formed from natural fibers, particularly preferably cotton fibers, optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (chemical fibers), preferably elastane fibers; and / or.

[0208] 2 2 that the covering layer has a basis weight in the range of 10 g / m² to 275 g / m² ,

[0209] 2 2 especially in the range of 15 g / m³ to 175 g / m³, preferably in the range of 2 2 2 2

[0210] 25 g / m² to 150 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 30 g / m² to 100 g / m², in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127.

[0211] Regarding the overall properties of the protective material, it has proven effective if the protective material provides a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, especially chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, of no more than 4 pg / cm². 2 per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h; and / or if the protective material has a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, especially bis[2-chloroethyl] sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to the laid drop diffusive flow test of not more than 4 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2per 24 h, exhibits, in particular as cumulative breakthrough by gas chromatography (GC / FPD) after exposure to mustard gas for 24 h at a temperature of 23 °C and a relative humidity of no more than 5% RH, especially with a material sample area of ​​10 cm² 2 The material is treated with 8 mustard gas drops (each drop volume = 1 pl), the test is performed in a test cell over a PE membrane (10 pm), with a flow rate of 100 ml / min under the material, 0.5 m / s above the material, and 0 cm / s through the material. Furthermore, the protective material according to the invention also exhibits overall protection against toxic and chemical warfare agents from the group of phosphoric acid esters and phosphonic acid esters (such as sarin, soman, tabun, etc.). Relevant tests, for example against gaseous soman (so-called GD gas test), are performed particularly with a material sample area of ​​12.56 cm². 2The test was carried out in a relevant test cell (exposure or flow through the material sample under controlled conditions with the chemical warfare agent soman; temperature in the test cell: 30 °C; relative humidity in the test cell: 80%; chemical warfare agent concentration of the inflow gas: 200 mg / m³). 3 Flow rate: 0.066 cm / s, corresponding to 50 ml / min;

[0212] Poisoning time: 3 h). For further details, please refer to the exemplary embodiments.

[0213] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective material is designed and / or provided in the form of protective clothing, in particular in the form of at least one piece of protective clothing, preferably in the form of a plurality of protective clothing pieces, particularly complementary to each other, preferably in the form of protective outer and / or inner clothing (protective underwear), and in particular selected from and / or in the form of (i) protective legwear, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective upper garment, in particular protective jacket, protective shirt, protective shirt or protective pullover, (iii) protective headgear, in particular protective hood, protective cap or protective balaclava, (iv) protective coverall, protective jumpsuit or protective full suit, (v) protective hand covering, in particular protective glove, and (vi) protective foot covering, in particular protective stocking, protective sock or protective bootie, as well as combinations thereof.preferably selected from and / or in the form of (i) protective legwear, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective upper garment, in particular protective jacket, protective shirt, protective shirt or protective pullover, in particular including arm coverings, and (iii) protective headgear, in particular protective hood, protective cap or protective balaclava, as well as combinations thereof.

[0214] It has proven advantageous if the protective material, in the form of protective clothing, has a total basis weight in the range of 200 g / m² to 2 g / m².

[0215] 1,000 g / m², particularly in the range of 225 g / m² to 750 g / m², preferably in the

[0216] 2 2 2

[0217] The material has a density in the range of 250 g / m² to 650 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 275 g / m² to 600 g / m², and even more preferably in the range of 300 g / m² to 450 g / m², in particular as determined according to DIN EN 12127. Furthermore, it has proven particularly advantageous if the protective material, in the form of protective clothing, is gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable.

[0218] In this context, it is particularly preferred if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237, of at least 0.5 mm / s, in particular at least 1 mm / s, preferably at least 2.5 mm / s, particularly preferably at least 3.5 mm / s, and most preferably at least 5 mm / s; and / or if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237, of up to 500 mm / s;and / or if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular in the range of 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably in the range of 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, particularly preferably in the range of 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, most preferably in the range of 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s.

[0219] Furthermore, good results are achieved within the scope of the invention if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a water vapor resistance (Ret), in particular determined according to DIN EN 343:2019, of no more than 15 m. 2 Pa / Watt, especially from a maximum height of 10 m 2 Pa / Watt, preferably from a maximum height of 8 m 2 Pa / Watt, preferably from a maximum height of 7 m 2 Pa / Watt, even more preferred from a maximum of 6 m 2Pa / Watt, especially preferred from a maximum height of 5 m 2 Pa / Watt; and / or if the protective material and / or protective clothing has a water vapor resistance (Ret) according to class 4 of DIN EN 343:2019, in particular an R e t < 15 m 2Pa / Watt. Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is preferred if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a burst pressure, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13938-2, of at least 50 kPa (kilopascals), in particular at least 75 kPa, preferably at least 90 kPa, and particularly preferably at least 100 kPa; and / or if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a burst pressure, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13938-2, in the range of 50 kPa (kilopascals) to 1.000 kPa, in particular in the range of 75 kPa to 800 kPa, preferably in the range of 90 kPa to 600 kPa, particularly preferably in the range of 100 kPa to 500 kPa; and / or if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a maximum tensile strength and / or maximum tensile elongation, preferably in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1, of at least 200 Newtons, in particular of at least 225 Newtons, preferably of at least 250 Newtons, particularly preferably of at least 275 Newtons; and / or if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has a maximum tensile strength and / or maximum tensile elongation, preferably in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1, in the range of 200 Newtons to 4,000 Newtons, in particular in the range of 225 Newtons to 3,750 Newtons, preferably in the range of 250 Newtons to 3,500 Newtons, particularly preferably in the range of 275 Newtons to 3,000 Newtons.

[0220] It has also proven advantageous if the protective material and / or protective clothing has a tensile strength and / or elongation in the longitudinal and transverse directions, determined according to DIN 53835-14 at 20 Newtons, of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%; and / or

[0221] If the protective material and / or protective clothing exhibits a tensile strength and / or elongation in at least one direction, particularly in the longitudinal or transverse direction, determined according to DIN 53835-14 at 20 Newtons, of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 10%. It is also preferably provided that the protective material and / or protective clothing exhibits a shrinkage in the longitudinal and transverse directions, determined according to DIN EN 5077, of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%; and / or that the protective material and / or protective clothing exhibits a shrinkage in at least one direction, particularly in the longitudinal or transverse direction, determined according to DIN EN 5077, of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%, preferably at most 3%.

[0222] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective material and / or the protective clothing is also washable, in particular washable and dryable.

[0223] Furthermore, according to the invention, it is particularly preferred if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90%, and / or wherein the protective material has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95%, and most preferably at least 99%; and / or if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has an integral initial penetration efficiency Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS = 0.1 to 0.3 pm) of at most 60%, in particular at most 50%, preferably at most 40%, particularly preferably at most 30%, and most preferably at most 20%;and / or if the protective material and / or the protective clothing has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 pm of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, at an airflow velocity of 0.1 m / s, and / or wherein the protective material has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters > 2 pm, in particular > 1.5 pm, preferably > 1.0 pm, of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, at an airflow velocity of 0.1 m / s;and / or if the protective material and / or protective clothing has a separation efficiency, in particular fractional separation efficiency, of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, determined according to DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals with potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance as the minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS = 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm); and / or if the protective material and / or protective clothing has a butane adsorption, determined according to ASTM D5742-16, of at least 10 g / m³; 2 , in particular of at least 15 g / m² 2 , preferably of at least 20 g / m² 2 , exhibits.

[0224] Within the scope of the invention, a particularly high-performance protective material is advantageously provided, which is characterized by a high level of protection in a multitude of aspects.

[0225] With regard to the present first aspect, reference can also be made to the explanations concerning the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0226] Advantageous further developments and elaborations of this first aspect of the invention are also revealed in more detail in the following description of the figures.

[0227] A further object of the present invention – according to a second aspect of the present invention – is a method for producing a textile protective material, preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive hazards.Toxic substances, preferably chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, especially as described above, wherein the textile protective material is equipped and / or designed and / or provided with a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and wherein the textile protective material is designed with a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers, wherein the textile protective material is designed with the following layers, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:

[0228] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer), wherein the textile outer layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0229] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer arranged on one side, in particular on the inside, of the textile outer layer, wherein the textile reactive layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and is provided with at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0230] (c) an adsorption layer arranged on the textile reactive layer, in particular on the inside of the reactive layer, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles,

[0231] (d) an inner layer arranged on the adsorption layer, in particular on the inside of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

[0232] The method according to the present invention advantageously allows for the material-efficient and process-engineered production of protective materials that offer beneficial protective functions. In particular, the production of the reactive layer is advantageously designed to achieve a durable and long-lasting coating or impregnation of the substrate material with the catalytically active component. Simultaneously, the coating or impregnation is carried out in such a way that the catalytically active component is applied in a manner that leads to the formation of a porous structure, particularly in the form of a xerogel, thus achieving a highly effective coating of a textile substrate material, which in turn advantageously leads to improved protective function of the resulting protective material.Due to the application method of the catalytically active components, the amount of material applied can be precisely controlled and adjusted, resulting in optimal loading of the textile carrier material of the reactive layer. The inventive method thus provides that the textile protective material is equipped and / or formed and / or provided with a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and that the textile protective material is formed with a multilayer structure and / or is formed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers, wherein the textile protective material is formed with the following layers, preferably in the sequence listed below:

[0233] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer), wherein the textile outer layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0234] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer arranged on one side, in particular on the inside, of the textile outer layer, wherein the textile reactive layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and is provided with at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0235] (c) an adsorption layer arranged on the textile reactive layer, in particular on the inside of the reactive layer, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles,

[0236] (d) an inner layer arranged on the adsorption layer, in particular on the inside of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure. In the process according to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component is present and / or formed as a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr.

[0237] Preferably, in this context, the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises one to six, in particular two to five, preferably two to four, oxygen atoms per metal atom.

[0238] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is formed or obtained from a sol-gel process.

[0239] In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, it is provided that the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, has a composition according to the general formula (I)

[0240] (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with

[0241] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr;

[0242] R 1 = independently of each other

[0243] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkyl, particularly preferably Ci- to C4-alkyl, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl; R 2 = independently of each other

[0244] Hydrogen;

[0245] - Me - (R 1 O) a with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr;

[0246] - Me - (R 2O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a.

[0247] In this context, it is particularly preferred if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, has a composition according to the general formula (I)

[0248] (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with

[0249] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr;

[0250] R 1 = independently of each other

[0251] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to C4-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl;

[0252] R 2 = independently of each other

[0253] Hydrogen;

[0254] - Me - (R 1 O) a with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr;

[0255] - Me - (R 2 O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, particularly 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises a hydroxide and / or oxide of silicon, titanium and / or zirconium, in particular of titanium and / or zirconium, preferably of zirconium, and in particular consists thereof.

[0256] In this context, it has proven particularly advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably comprises the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, and in particular consists of the following.

[0257] In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, it has further proven particularly advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, results from and / or is formed or obtained from a sol-gel process, in particular wherein a metal-organic compound, serving in particular as a precursor, is applied as a sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or as a lyogel, preferably as a sol, in particular a nanosol, to the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside of the textile reactive layer, preferably wherein the sol, in particular a nanosol, of the metal-organic compound serving in particular as a precursor is applied to the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) to one side,Particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, as a lyogel results and / or is formed or obtained, and / or preferably wherein the lyogel is converted into the porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into the xerogel, while retaining the metal-based catalytically active component. The procedure of obtaining the catalytically active component from a sol-gel process and, within this framework, producing the coating or impregnation on the textile support of the reactive layer, advantageously allows for a quantity-optimized application of the catalytically active component or, in particular, a precursor thereof, so that the coating or impregnation and its properties can be specifically adjusted. In particular, this enables an optimized coverage or loading of the textile support of the reactive layer.This advantageously allows for a balance between protective effect and wearing comfort. Furthermore, a permanent bond between the textile carrier material and the catalytically active component can be achieved, particularly based on chemical bonds, which permits advantageous durability and, in particular, washability of the protective material produced without significant loss of performance.

[0258] As regards the precursor of the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, good results will be obtained if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is formed or obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor, in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II)

[0259] (R 3 )ym - Me - (X)yn (II), with

[0260] R 3 = independently of each other

[0261] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl;

[0262] Aryl, in particular Cs- to C2o-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cis-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cio-aryl;

[0263] Olefin, in particular terminal olefin, preferably C2- to Cio-olefin, more preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, particularly preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, most preferably C2- and / or Cs-olefin, particularly preferably vinyl;

[0264] Amine, in particular C2- to Cio-amine, preferably C2- to Cs-amine, more preferably C2- to Cs-amine, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-amine; carboxylic acid, in particular C2- to Cw-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-carboxylic acid;

[0265] Alcohol, in particular C2 to Cio alcohol, preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, more preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol;

[0266] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr;

[0267] X = independent of each other,

[0268] Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine;

[0269] Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkoxy, particularly preferably Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1; with the proviso that m + n = y, preferably wherein n < m.

[0270] It is particularly preferred if the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor; in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II)

[0271] (R 3 )ym - Me - (X)yn (II), with

[0272] R 3 = independently of each other

[0273] Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl;

[0274] Alcohol, especially C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol;

[0275] Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; X = independent of each other,

[0276] Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine;

[0277] Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably C1- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, more preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, more preferably 0 or 1; with the proviso that m + n = y, more preferably where n < m.

[0278] Precursors with a chemical composition as described above are characterized by advantageous reactivities in connection with the process according to the invention and thus allow efficient sol formation as well as extensive conversion to a gel or porous solid, in particular xerogel.

[0279] With regard to the execution of the process, it has proven advantageous if the sol, in particular the nanosol, of the metal-organic compound serving in particular as a precursor, is produced by mixing, in particular stirring, the metal-organic compound with a protic solvent.

[0280] In this context, it is preferred if the protic solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol, formic acid, acetic acid, in particular methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, preferably ethanol, propanol, isopropanol.

[0281] Furthermore, it has proven beneficial to carry out the production of the sol, especially nanosols, at a defined pH value.

[0282] Preferably, the mixing, in particular stirring, is carried out at temperatures in a range of 10 °C to 60 °C, particularly 15 °C to 45 °C, preferably 18 °C to 35 °C, and / or the mixing, in particular stirring, is carried out for a duration in a range of 30 to 180 minutes, particularly 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 5 to 60 minutes. Under the aforementioned conditions, a particularly complete and efficient sol formation is achieved.

[0283] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous for carrying out the inventive method if the application of the sol, in particular nanosols, and / or the lyogel, preferably the sol, in particular nanosols, to the reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the reactive layer, is carried out by spraying (spray application), impregnation, dipping, rolling, painting, preferably by spraying (spray application), impregnation, rolling.

[0284] It is particularly advantageous if the metal-organic compound, which serves especially as a precursor, and / or the catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated, and / or integrated onto and / or into the textile surface structure of the reactive layer, in particular onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments, or the like of the reactive layer forming the surface structure.

[0285] This is advantageously achieved in particular by the fact that the sol or the gel formed from the sol reacts with the support layer, especially polar groups of the material of the support layer such as hydroxy groups, so that a permanent composite, especially based on chemical bonds, results.

[0286] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous to allow the sol, in particular nanosol, to age, in particular to condense and / or cross-link, especially to form a lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel (alcoholic lyogel).

[0287] Good results are obtained when the aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, is carried out at temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 160 °C, particularly 40 °C to 145 °C, preferably 60 °C to 135 °C, and / or when the aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, is carried out for a duration in the range of 10 min to 360 min, particularly 15 min to 240 min, preferably 20 min to 120 min. It is preferably provided that the aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, is carried out on the reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the reactive layer, or that the aging, in particular condensation, is carried out after the application of the sol, in particular nanosol, to the reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the reactive layer.

[0288] Under the aforementioned conditions, a particularly effective design of the reactive layer of the produced protective material is advantageously enabled.

[0289] Furthermore, the implementation of the inventive process preferably provides that the lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel, is converted into the porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into the xerogel, by drying while retaining the metal-based catalytically active component.

[0290] It has proven advantageous to carry out drying at temperatures in a range of 30 °C to 200 °C, in particular 50 °C to 175 °C, preferably 60 °C to 150 °C, and / or to carry out drying for a duration in a range of 20 min to 48 h, in particular 30 min to 36 h, preferably 45 min to 24 h min, and / or to carry out drying at a pressure in a range of 0.5 bar to 5 bar, in particular 0.75 bar to 3.5 bar, preferably 1 bar to 2.5 bar.

[0291] The porous structure or xerogel of the catalytically active component is achieved to a particularly advantageous degree under these conditions.

[0292] Within the scope of the present invention, it has proven advantageous to first produce a sol, in particular a nanosol, of the metal-organic compound, in particular as defined above, which serves in particular as a precursor, preferably by mixing, in particular stirring, the metal-organic compound with a protic solvent, optionally followed by aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, in particular forming a lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel (alcoholic lyogel), followed by a subsequent process step which involves applying the sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or the lyogel, preferably the sol, in particular a nanosol, to the reactive layer, preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside of the reactive layer, by spraying (spray application), impregnation, dipping, rolling, or painting, preferably by spraying (spray application), impregnation,Räkelns, comprising, in the case that a sol, in particular a nanosol, is applied, an aging process, in particular condensation and / or cross-linking, in particular forming a lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel (alcoholic lyogel), is carried out, followed in turn by a subsequent process step in which the lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel, is converted by drying into a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into a xerogel, retaining the metal-based catalytically active component.

[0293] It is preferably provided for in the process according to the invention that the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, results from and / or is formed or obtained from a sol-gel process, in particular wherein a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor, is applied as a sol, in particular a nanosol, to the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside of the textile reactive layer, preferably wherein the application of the sol, in particular a nanosol, to the reactive layer, preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside of the reactive layer, is carried out by spraying, impregnation, dipping, rolling, painting, preferably by spraying.soaking, reclining, is carried out, in particular wherein the sol, in particular nanosol, of the metal-organic compound serving in particular as a precursor on the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, results and / or is formed or obtained as a lyogel, preferably by allowing the sol, in particular nanosol, to age, in particular to condense, in particular to form the lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel, preferably wherein the lyogel is converted into the porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into the xerogel, while retaining the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular by drying.

[0294] Furthermore, regarding the process of applying the precursor to the reactive layer, it has proven effective to use a quantity (P wt) a solution, in particular of the sol, in particular of the nanosol, and / or of the lyogel, of the metal-organic compound serving in particular as a precursor in a range of 30 g / m³ 2 up to 200 g / m² 2 , especially 40 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 , preferably 45 g / m² 2 up to 130 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 50 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , applied to the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer.

[0295] In this context, it is preferred that the weight percentage (P%) of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used, in particular the sol, in particular the nanosol, and / or the lyogel, is preferably adjusted in a range of 10 wt.% to 50 wt.%, in particular 13 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably 15 wt.% to 37 wt.%, and most preferably 18 wt.% to 33 wt.%, preferably such that the metal-based catalytically active component is applied at a rate in the range of 0.1 g / m³. 2 up to 20 g / m² 2 , especially of 0.5 g / m³ 2 up to 15 g / m² 2 , preferably 1 g / m² 2 up to 12 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 3 g / m² 2 up to 10 g / m² 2on the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer.

[0296] Furthermore, it has proven useful to calculate the order quantity according to the following formula: where:

[0297] Cwt = coating amount of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / m²] 2 ], mol.wt ■ act. Komp. = molecular weight of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / mol], mol.wt ■ Precursor = molecular weight of the precursor from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / mol], Pwt = amount of solution of the organometallic compound used, in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / m³] 2 ],

[0298] P% = percentage of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used.

[0299] Good results are also obtained within the scope of the invention if the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or obtained with a layer thickness in the range of 0.001 pm to 1 pm, in particular from 0.005 pm to 0.5 pm, preferably 0.01 pm to 0.1 pm, particularly preferably 0.02 pm to 0.08 pm, on the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer.

[0300] It has proven effective to calculate the layer thickness according to the following formula: where:

[0301] Layer thickness in [pm]

[0302] Order quantity in [g / m³] 2 ]

[0303] Fiber surface area in [m²]2 ]

[0304] Density act. com. = Density of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / cm³] 3 ], and the calculation of the fiber surface area is performed according to the following formula:

[0305] The area of ​​the fiber is equal to n * fiber length * fiber diameter, where:

[0306] Fiber surface area in [m²] 2 ]

[0307] Fiber length in [m]

[0308] Fiber diameter in [m]. Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or maintained on the textile reactive layer, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, in an amount in the range of 0.01 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 12 wt.%, particularly preferably 1 wt.% to 9 wt.%, based on the textile reactive layer.

[0309] Preferably, within the scope of the invention, the reactive layer coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, is a woven fabric, knitted fabric, lozenge, textile composite, nonwoven fabric or nonwoven fabric and / or in particular wherein the textile fabric has a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m², in particular 40 to 120 g / m², preferably 60 to 120 g / m².

[0310] Regarding further details, embodiments, configurations, advantages and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the second aspect of the present invention, reference can be made to the above and subsequent explanations concerning the first aspect of the invention, which apply accordingly to the second aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0311] With regard to the described method, and in particular the subject matter of the present invention according to the applicable aspect of the present invention, is also a protective material, in particular as previously described in connection with the first aspect of the invention, which is obtainable and / or obtained by a method as previously described.

[0312] A further object of the present invention – according to a third aspect of the present invention – is the use of a protective material, as previously described, for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing, especially for the civilian or military sector, preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protection, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins.

[0313] Regarding further details, embodiments, configurations, advantages and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the third aspect of the present invention, reference can be made to the above and subsequent explanations concerning the first and second aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to the third aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0314] A further object of the present invention – according to a fourth aspect of the present invention – is protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular for the civilian or military sector, preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protection, in particular protective clothing such as protective suits, protective trousers, protective jackets, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, comprising a protective material as described above, and / or obtainable using a protective material as described above.

[0315] Regarding further details, embodiments, configurations, advantages, and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the present aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above and subsequent explanations concerning the first and further aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to the present aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. A further subject matter of the present invention—according to a fifth aspect of the present invention—is the use of a metal-based catalytically active component in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, in a textile protective material, preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological, and / or radioactive pollutants.Toxic substances, preferably chemical warfare agents, especially ABC and / or CBRN protective material, particularly as described above.

[0316] Within the scope of the present invention, in particular on the basis of the protective material used, especially with the advantageous properties and features described above, a use in protective clothing is realized while maintaining particularly advantageous protective and wearing properties.

[0317] For the use according to the invention, it is preferred if the metal-based catalytically active component is in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, in combination with a particulate adsorbent; in particular wherein the particulate adsorbent encompassed in and / or forming the adsorption layer, in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles, is selected from the group of

[0318] (i) Activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or spherical form (“spherical carbon”);

[0319] (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites;

[0320] (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses;

[0321] (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles;

[0322] (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type;

[0323] (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminum oxides; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite Imidazolate Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs;

[0324] (viii) mineral granules;

[0325] (ix) Clathrats; as well as

[0326] (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof; particularly preferably wherein the particulate adsorbent included in and / or forming the adsorption layer, in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles, is selected from the group consisting of (i) activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or spherical form (“spherical carbon”).

[0327] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the textile protective material comprises a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, wherein the textile protective material has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers, in particular protective material as defined in one of the preceding claims relating thereto, wherein the textile protective material comprises the following layers, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:

[0328] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer), wherein the textile outer layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0329] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer arranged on one side, in particular on the inside, of the textile outer layer, wherein the textile reactive layer is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside of the textile reactive layer, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0330] (c) an adsorption layer arranged on the textile reactive layer, in particular on the inside of the reactive layer, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles,

[0331] (d) an inner layer arranged on the adsorption layer, in particular on the inside of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

[0332] Preferably, within the scope of the invention, the use is such that it serves and / or is employed to increase and / or improve the protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents.

[0333] Regarding further details, embodiments, configurations, advantages and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the present aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above and subsequent explanations on the first and further aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to the present aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0334] The present invention is described below with reference to preferred embodiments and illustrative drawings and figures, the descriptions of which apply to all aspects of the invention and in which the corresponding preferred embodiments and configurations of the present invention are in no way limiting; further advantages, properties, aspects and features of the present invention are also shown in the description of the figures. The figures show:

[0335] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the layer structure of a protective material according to the invention;

[0336] Fig. 2A shows a schematic representation of the layer structure of a preferred embodiment of a section of the protective material according to the invention;

[0337] Fig. 2B shows a further schematic representation of the layer structure of a preferred embodiment of a section of the protective material according to the invention;

[0338] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the layer structure of a preferred embodiment of the protective material according to the invention;

[0339] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of protective clothing items based on the protective material according to the invention;

[0340] The figures in Figures 1 to 3 illustrate in particular the first aspect of the present invention, namely, according to the invention, a textile protective material 1, preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, is described, which comprises a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent and which has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers 2, 3, 4, 5, wherein the textile protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:

[0341] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) 2, wherein the textile outer layer 2 is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0342] (b) a textile reactive layer, in particular a textile reactive layer 3 arranged on one side, in particular on the inner side 2a, of the textile outer layer 2, wherein the textile reactive layer 3 is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inner side 3a of the textile reactive layer 3, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0343] (c) an adsorption layer 4 arranged on the textile reactive layer 3, in particular on the inside 3a of the reactive layer 3, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer 4 comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles 4c,

[0344] (d) an inner layer 5 arranged on the adsorption layer 4, in particular on the inner side 4a of the adsorption layer 4, wherein the inner layer 5 is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

[0345] In particular, Figure 1 also shows that the inner side 2a of the textile outer layer preferably forms the side facing away from a pollutant source or the environment and / or the side of the outer layer 2 facing the reactive layer 3, or that the outer side 3b of the reactive layer 3 forms the side facing a pollutant source or the environment and the side of the reactive layer 3 facing the outer layer 2.

[0346] Figure 1 also shows that the adsorption layer 4 is attached, in particular via the inner side 4a of the adsorption layer 4, preferably to the inner layer 5, in particular via the outer side 5b of the inner layer 5, in particular by means of bonding, or that the adsorption layer 4 is connected, in particular by bonding, to the inner layer 5, in particular via the inner side 4a of the adsorption layer 4, in particular by means of bonding.

[0347] As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the protective material 1 preferably comprises an adhesive layer 8 applied to one side of the inner layer 5, in particular to the side of the outer surface 5b of the inner layer 5 adjacent to the adsorption layer 4, wherein the adhesive layer 8 is a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer. A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 3, according to which the protective material 1 further comprises:

[0348] (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 arranged on and / or connected with the adsorption layer 4, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer 6, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual textile fibers,

[0349] (f) optionally a cover layer 7 arranged on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 6, wherein the cover layer 7 is preferably a gas-permeable textile surface structure and / or is designed

[0350] In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 and the cover layer 7 are arranged directly one after the other, and the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 and the cover layer 7 are arranged between the reactive layer 3 and the adsorption layer 4, preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 is arranged on the inside 3a of the reactive layer 3 and / or the cover layer 7 is arranged on the outside 4b of the adsorption layer 4.

[0351] In this respect, Figure 3 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the protective material 1 has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, wherein the protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:

[0352] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) 2, wherein the textile outer layer 2 is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0353] (b) a textile reactive layer 3, in particular a textile reactive layer 3 arranged on one side, in particular on the inner side 2a, of the textile outer layer 2, wherein the textile reactive layer 3 is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inner side 3a of the textile reactive layer 3, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0354] (c) an adsorption layer 4 arranged on the textile reactive layer 3, in particular on the inside 3a of the reactive layer 3, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer 4 comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles 4c,

[0355] (d) an inner layer 5 arranged on the adsorption layer 4, in particular on the inner side 4a of the adsorption layer 4, wherein the inner layer 5 is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0356] (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 arranged on and / or connected with the adsorption layer 4, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer 6, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual textile fibers,

[0357] (f) optionally a cover layer 7 arranged on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 6, wherein the cover layer 7 is and / or is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 and the cover layer 7 are arranged directly one after the other, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 and optionallythe cover layer 7 is / are arranged between the reactive layer 3 and the adsorption layer 4 or between the outer layer 2 and the reactive layer 3, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 is arranged between the reactive layer 3 and the adsorption layer 4 or between the outer layer 2 and the reactive layer 3, preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 is arranged on the inner side 3a of the reactive layer 3 and / or the cover layer 7 is arranged on the outer side 4b of the adsorption layer 4. The figures according to Fig. 1 to Fig.Figure 3 also illustrates in particular the second aspect of the present invention, namely that a method is proposed according to the invention, wherein the textile protective material 1 is equipped and / or designed and / or provided with a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and wherein the textile protective material 1 is designed with a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers 2, 3, 4, 5, wherein the textile protective material 1 is designed with the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, preferably in the sequence mentioned below:.

[0358] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) 2, wherein the textile outer layer 2 is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0359] (b) a textile reactive layer 3, in particular a textile reactive layer 3 arranged on one side, in particular on the inner side 2a, of the textile outer layer 2, wherein the textile reactive layer 3 is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and is provided with at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inner side 3a of the textile reactive layer 3, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel,

[0360] (c) an adsorption layer 4 arranged on the textile reactive layer 3, in particular on the inside 3a of the reactive layer 3, preferably in a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer 4 comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles 4c,

[0361] (d) an inner layer 5 arranged on the adsorption layer 4, in particular on the inner side 4a of the adsorption layer 4, wherein the inner layer 5 is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

[0362] With regard to the second aspect at hand, reference may also be made to the explanations concerning the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly here. Furthermore, the figures in Fig. 4 also illustrate in particular the third and fourth aspects of the present invention, namely, according to the invention, the protective material 1, as described above, is used for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing 9, especially for the civilian or military sector, preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive hazards.intended for use against toxins, preferably chemical warfare agents, in particular for ABC and / or CBRN protection, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with protection against chemical, biological and / or radioactive hazards and toxins.

[0363] In particular, the figures also show protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds according to the invention, especially for the civilian or military sector, preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective function, in particular protective clothing 9, such as protective suits 9a, 9b, protective trousers 9a, protective jackets 9b, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing 9c and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, comprising a protective material as described above, and / or available using a protective material as described above.

[0364] Further embodiments, modifications, variations, special features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent and achievable for the person skilled in the art when reading the description, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0365] The present invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, which, however, are in no way intended to limit the present invention. EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT:

[0366] The protective function of a protective material according to the invention against harmful or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, is characterized and determined.

[0367] For this purpose, a reactive layer according to the invention (see, for example, Figs. 1 and 3, reference numeral no. 3, and the preceding description) is first produced according to the inventive method.

[0368] 1. Production of a Xeroqel impregnation on the textile material to produce the reactive layer

[0369] According to the inventive method or, in particular, a preferred embodiment thereof, a sol of the metal-based catalytically active component or of a corresponding precursor thereof is first produced.

[0370] The following chemicals are used:

[0371] • Precursor: Zirconium (IV) propoxide > 70% (w / w) from Thermo Scientific (CAS No. 23519-77-9);

[0372] • Solvent: 1-Propanol > 99%, 99.9%, anhydrous from Thermo Scientific

[0373] The following approaches are produced:

[0374] • 20 wt% zirconium(IV) propoxide solution in 1-propanol anhydrous;

[0375] • 25 wt% zirconium(IV) propoxide solution in 1-propanol anhydrous;

[0376] • 30 wt% zirconium(IV) propoxide solution in 1-propanol anhydrous

[0377] Following the sol-gel principle, the aforementioned Zr-n-alcoholate is hydrolyzed. For this purpose, the nanosol is first generated by stirring the propanol at room temperature (20 °C) while simultaneously adding the zirconium(IV) propoxide solution. Upon introduction into the solvent, the zirconium(IV) propoxide begins to condense and form a colloidal system through interactions of the hydroxyl groups.

[0378] Thus, a cleaner method is used compared to precipitation synthesis; there is no need to remove further salts that are formed as a byproduct in precipitation syntheses, for example.

[0379] Following nanosol production, and preferably before the lyogel formation from the nanosol is complete, the nanosol is applied to the textile material of the reactive layer 3. Alternatively, the lyogel formation (condensation and aging of the nanosol to form a gel) can be allowed to occur first. However, it is preferred that condensation and aging to form a lyogel take place on the textile substrate.

[0380] In this regard, further investigations have been carried out to determine the mass of applied or impregnated coating required to provide sufficient protection from the material while minimizing any impact on the textile properties.

[0381] The amount of coating can be determined as follows: where:

[0382] Cwt = coating amount of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / m²] 2], mol.wt ■ act. Komp. ~ Molecular weight of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / mol], mol.wt ■ Precursor ~ Molecular weight of the organometallic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / mol],

[0383] Pwt = amount of solution of the organometallic compound used, in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / m³] 2 ],

[0384] P% = weight percent fraction of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used.

[0385] The resulting coating amount of zirconium hydroxide is thus determined by the amount of precursor compound applied and the concentration of the precursor.

[0386] The applied amount of precursor P w The absorption capacity (t) depends on the capacity of the carrier material used. Since complete saturation of the carrier is preferably avoided (so that only one side of the reactive material is coated), the absorption capacity is limited depending on the carrier material. The maximum amount of precursor found on the carrier material used here is between 60 and 65 g / m². 2 The following assumptions are made: Cotton has a water retention capacity of approximately 50% and the fabric weight is 115 g / m². 2 up to 120 g / m² 2 would be 60 g / m² 2 Saturate the material with water. Due to the density difference between water and propanol, saturation with propanol is achieved at approximately 70 g / m³. 2 to be expected.

[0387] The usable precursor concentration is limited by the processing capability and hydrolysis rate of the sol and is determined experimentally. Three reactions are prepared for this purpose (see the table below). This is based on the calculation of the coating mass for zirconium hydroxide after hydrolysis, as described above, according to the general reaction mechanism for sol formation processes.

[0388] The presence of additional reactive groups from the textile material of the reactive layer allows for the formation of a bond between the metal hydroxide and the textile surface during the sol-gel process, particularly during the condensation and aging of the applied sol to form a lyogel. Therefore, the use of additional binders is unnecessary. For this purpose, the textile material is applied in samples with an area of ​​0.125 m². 2The material is prepared and pre-dried for 1 hour at 120 °C in a drying oven. To achieve a homogeneous, one-sided coating with good fiber penetration, the Nanosol is applied to the material blanks prepared as described above using a fine spraying process. The coating weight is determined during application. This is based on the selected coating mass P. w t of 65 g / m² 2 The samples are loaded with 8 g of the precursor each. Spray application prevents overloading of the carrier. This effectively avoids quasi-bonding, so-called bridging effects between the fibers. The textile properties of the fabric are therefore not negatively affected. Polycondensation of the nanogel occurs after application of the nanosol, as does drying to form the xerogel at 130 °C in a drying oven for 30 minutes each.

[0389] This process yields a reactive layer according to the present invention (xerogel impregnation in the form of a porous solid with a network-like structure essentially on only one material / surface side). 2. Testing the protective function of the reactive layer by evaluating the degradation of DMMP (dimethyl methylphosphonate).

[0390] To determine the degradation rate of the chemical warfare agent surrogate DMMP (dimethyl methylphosphonate) by the reactive layer, the surrogate is introduced into a sample of the reactive layer under steady-state conditions. In a closed chamber, the degradation reaction is initiated under defined reaction conditions in the presence of the reactive layer sample. Subsequent extraction of the reactants and products of the DMMP degradation process (primarily methanol) allows the conversion of the surrogate to be determined by gas chromatography with an attached flame ionization detector (GC-FID).

[0391] In the experiments conducted, a uniform 47 cm was used. 2 Sample material from the reactive layer is weighed in and the resulting sample mass is determined to ensure comparability of the mass-dependent sample differences.

[0392] The prepared material samples of the reactive layer are each loaded into a headspace vial with 10 pl DMMP dissolved in 1000 pl tetrahydrofuran (THF). The samples are thoroughly wetted. After evaporation of the THF, the samples are left in a drying oven at 30 °C for 16 hours. The samples are then processed with 2 ml of dichloromethane by shaking at 30 °C for 30 minutes, thereby dissolving any organic substances present.

[0393] The extract obtained from this process is analyzed using GC-FID, and the remaining absolute amount of DMMP is determined. The qualitative detection of methanol in the extract allows conclusions to be drawn about whether a DMMP degradation reaction has occurred. For each analysis of the extracted extract, a control sample is analyzed, and the DMMP recovery is determined. This recovery must be > 97% and is used to determine the conversion.

[0394] The degradation rate in % is calculated according to the following formula:

[0395] Degradation rate X = 100 where: c Anfan is the determined quantity from the analysis of the zero sample and is given in mmol. cThe final result is the amount of DMMP determined after a 16-hour reaction time of the sample and is given in mmol. A total of 8 samples of the reactive material according to the present invention are examined according to the described procedure. DMMP degradation rates in the range of 41.0% to 59.3% are determined for these samples.

[0396] The results obtained show that the reactive material exhibits high catalytic activity. Based on the reactive layer or the metal-based coating of the reactive layer, reliable inactivation of the chemical warfare agent substitute can be achieved for all sample sections examined. This functionality of the reactive layer can effectively increase or enhance the achievable protective function in a protective material.

[0397] Comparative reactive material

[0398] A non-inventive comparative reactive material is produced which, instead of impregnation or coating with a porous solid (xerogel), has a coating with Zr(OH)4 obtained from a precipitation synthesis (i.e., by means of precipitation): To produce the comparative reactive material, a textile material, as previously described for the reaction layer according to the invention, is sprayed with a Zr(OH)4-containing salt solution, the hydroxide being obtained from a precipitation process. The weight fraction in the solution used and the amount of Zr(OH)4 applied correspond to the aforementioned values ​​for the example according to the invention. The correspondingly determined DMMP degradation rates are only 29% to 35%.

[0399] This shows that a reactive material produced in a non-inventive manner has lower catalytic activity than the reactive material produced according to the invention.

[0400] 3. Production of a protective material according to the invention using the produced reactive layer and two comparison materials

[0401] The textile material of the reactive layer obtained as described above is further processed by lamination or sewing to create the protective material according to the invention.

[0402] A preferred multilayer protective material according to the invention is produced (i.e., protective material 1, in particular according to Fig. 3, wherein the adsorption layer 4 and the adhesive layer 8 are designed according to Fig. 2B), wherein the multilayer protective material according to Fig. 3 has the following layers with reference numerals 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, in the sequence listed below:

[0403] (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) 2, wherein the textile outer layer 2 is a gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0404] (b) a textile reactive layer 3, in particular a textile reactive layer 3 arranged on the inside 2a of the textile outer layer 2, wherein the textile reactive layer 3 is a gas-permeable textile sheet and is coated or, in particular, impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component only on the outside 3b of the textile reactive layer 3, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is in the form of a porous solid, specifically as a xerogel,

[0405] (c) a discontinuously formed and gas-permeable adsorption layer arranged on the inner side 3a of the reactive layer 3, the adsorption layer comprising a plurality of individual adsorber particles 4c,

[0406] (d) an inner layer 5 arranged on the inside 4a of the adsorption layer, wherein the inner layer 5 is designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure,

[0407] (e) a particle and aerosol filter layer 6 arranged on the adsorption layer, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 is a gas-permeable textile fabric comprising a plurality of individual textile fibers, (f) a cover layer 7 arranged on the particle and aerosol filter layer 6, wherein the cover layer 7 is a gas-permeable textile fabric and / or is formed, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 and the cover layer 7 are arranged in particular directly adjacent to one another, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 is arranged on the inner side 3a of the reactive layer 3 and / or the cover layer 7 is arranged on the outer side 4b of the adsorption layer,

[0408] (g) an adhesive layer 8 applied to the side of the outer surface 5b of the inner layer 5 adjacent to the adsorption layer, wherein the adhesive layer 8 is a water vapor and / or gas permeable and discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on an adhesive polymer.

[0409] The adsorption filter material is therefore multi-layered and, viewed from the inside out (i.e., from the support to the outside), comprises a textile inner layer (reference numeral 5 according to Fig. 3) to which a multitude of adhesive (polymer) dots (reference numeral 8 according to Fig. 3) are applied, distributed across the textile inner layer in a grid pattern. Discrete adsorber particles (reference numeral 4c according to Fig. 2B) in the form of activated carbon spheres are permanently fixed or bonded to these, forming the adsorption layer (reference numeral 4 according to Fig. 2B). A textile cover layer and a textile particle and aerosol filter layer (reference numerals 6 & 7 according to Fig. 3) are applied or fixed (i.e., by lamination) to the activated carbon spheres or the adsorption layer to further enhance the protective function against pollutants and toxins.This is followed by the reactive layer coated with the xerogel-forming, metal-based, catalytically active component, here in the form of Zr(OH)4 (see previous manufacturing example). The impregnation is located on the side of the reactive layer facing a potential source of pollutants (reference numeral 3b, Fig. 1). Finally, the protective material comprises an outer textile layer (reference numeral 2, Fig. 3).

[0410] This results in a multi-layered, air-permeable protective material (i.e.,

[0411] Protective material 1 (as shown in Fig. 3) in the form of a laminate. Specifically, the following materials were used:

[0412] • Inner layer 5: knitted textile fabric, basis weight approx. 80 g / m² 2 (determined according to DIN EN 12127 after 24 hours of air conditioning at a temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 65 %);

[0413] • Adhesive (polymer) or bonding agent layer 8: Polyurethane (PU), application rate approx. 35 g / m² 2 , surface of inner layer 5 covered with adhesive (polymer) to less than 40%;

[0414] • Adsorption layer or adsorber particles 4c: discrete activated carbon particles in spherical shape ("spherical carbon"), diameter of the adsorber particles: 0.04 mm to 1 mm, application rate: approx. 90 g / m² 2 , Activated carbon particles based on a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) (produced from a particulate starting material based on organic polymers, namely sulfonated organic polymers based on styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, wherein the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material is in the range of 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%, based on the starting material);

[0415] • Particle and aerosol filter layer 6: gas-permeable textile surface structure (non-woven) made of numerous individual synthetic textile fibers with fiber diameters in the range of 50 nm to 10 pm, basis weight of approx. 50 g / m² 2 (determined according to DIN EN 12127 after 24 hours of air conditioning at a temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 65 %);

[0416] • Outer layer 2: gas-permeable, textile fabric in the form of a woven material, basis weight approx. 140 g / m² 2 (determined according to DIN EN 12127 after 24 hours of air conditioning at a temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 65%), oleophobic and hydrophobic treatment by impregnation or coating using a fluorinated polymer;

[0417] • Textile material of reactive layer 3 (if present, see comparative example 1): gas-permeable textile fabric made of fibers with a composition of 88 / 12% cotton (Nm 170 / 1 US Pima long staple, Z-wire) / elastane (22 dtex, monofilament), weave: single jersey, smooth R / L, elastane plated, pitch: E50, basis weight (determined according to DIN EN 12 127: 1997): 115 + / - 10 g / m² 2 .

[0418] This protective material according to the invention is hereinafter also referred to as "protective material 1 according to the invention". Furthermore, another protective material according to the invention ("protective material 2 according to the invention") is produced, wherein the further protective material according to the invention ("protective material 2 according to the invention") differs from the protective material 1 according to the invention only in that it does not have a particle and aerosol filter layer according to reference 6.

[0419] In addition to the protective materials according to the invention, two comparison materials are also provided, as described below:

[0420] Provision of comparison materials 1 and 2 (= comparison examples 1 and 2): Two material structures serve as comparison examples, which differ from the protective material according to the invention as follows:

[0421] Comparison example 1 (= comparison material 1 ):

[0422] Layer structure as previously described for the material according to the invention, however without the reactive layer (= reference numeral no. 3).

[0423] Comparison example 2 (= comparison material 2):

[0424] Layer structure, as previously described for the material according to the invention, but with a different type of reactive layer, which in the case of Comparative Example 2, instead of an impregnation or coating with a porous solid (xerogel), comprises a coating with Zr(OH)4 obtained from a precipitation synthesis (i.e., by means of precipitation): To produce the reactive layer of Comparative Example 2, a textile material, as previously described for the reaction layer according to the invention, is sprayed with a Zr(OH)4-containing salt solution. The hydroxide is obtained from a precipitation process. The weight fraction in the solution used and the amount of Zr(OH)4 applied correspond to the aforementioned values ​​for the example according to the invention.

[0425] The comparison materials in comparison examples 1 and 2 were also produced by laminating or sewing according to the aforementioned layer structure specifications.

[0426] The three material samples obtained (i.e., the protective material according to the invention and comparison materials 1 and 2) are subsequently examined comparatively with regard to the quality and quantity of their protective function against chemical warfare agents. 4. Testing the protective function of the protective materials according to the invention and the two comparison materials

[0427] The protective function of the previously produced protective materials according to the invention, as well as of the two previously produced comparison materials, is subsequently tested.

[0428] Protective function against harmful or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, based on method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010 and with regard to the warfare agent Bis[2-chloroethyl1sulfide (= mustard gas or HD)

[0429] First, the protective function of the previously produced protective materials according to the invention, as well as the two previously produced comparison materials, against harmful or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, is characterized and determined on the basis of method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010 and with regard to the warfare agent bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (= mustard gas or HD).

[0430] This method is used to determine the barrier effect of a protective material against mustard gas, whereby the quality of the protective function or the quality of the barrier effect increases with decreasing breakthrough values.

[0431] According to the applicant's specifications, the barrier effect against mustard gas, determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, should be less than 4 pg / cm². 2 per 24 hours.

[0432] In particular, this determination method involves a so-called convective flow test with mustard gas; for this purpose, an airflow containing mustard gas is directed onto the test material at a constant flow resistance and a flow velocity of approximately 0.45 cm / s, and the area-related breakthrough quantity is determined after 24 hours (10 • 1 pl HD / 12.56 cm²). 2 , 80% relative humidity; 32°C).

[0433] Testing a reference sample

[0434] As a non-inventive reference, the barrier effect against mustard gas is first determined on a sample (10 cm x 10 cm) of a multilayer protective material, but without an adsorption layer and without a reactive layer, according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010:

[0435] > 10 pg / cm 2Tests on the inventive protective material 1 and on the two comparison materials 1 and 2 every 24 hours (i.e., outside the applicant's specifications)

[0436] Likewise, corresponding test pieces of the protective material according to the invention, produced as described above, as well as the two comparison examples, are determined with regard to the barrier effect against mustard gas according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010:

[0437] • Protective material according to the invention: < 0.08 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours

[0438] • Comparison material 1 : 1 ,81 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours

[0439] • Comparison material 2: 1.42 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours

[0440] Testing on another inventive protective material 2

[0441] Likewise, a corresponding test piece of another protective material according to the invention is determined with regard to its barrier effect against mustard gas according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010 (whereby the further protective material 2 according to the invention differs from the protective material 1 according to the invention only in that it does not have a particle and aerosol filter layer according to reference 6):

[0442] Further protective material according to the invention 2: 0.91 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours

[0443] Further testing of the protective function of the inventive protective materials 1 and 2 and of a comparison material 2

[0444] Furthermore, the protective function of the previously described protective materials 1 and 2 according to the invention, as well as the previously described comparison material 2, is tested against gaseous soman (so-called GD gas test). Soman is the 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl ester of methylfluorophosphonic acid and is a liquid, camphor-like odorous substance under standard conditions, which hydrolyzes in air or under the influence of moisture.

[0445] The textile sample to be tested (each 12.56 cm) 2 ) is clamped in a special test cell and exposed to the chemical warfare agent soman under controlled conditions (temperature in the test cell: 30 °C; relative humidity in the test cell: 80 %; chemical warfare agent concentration of the gas flow: 200 mg / m³). 3 Flow rate: 0.066 cm / s, corresponding to 50 ml / min; Poisoning time: 3 h).

[0446] The transmitted chemical agent, the entrained clean air, and any decomposition products are collected in a gas collection container filled with a suitable solvent (here: diethyl succinate, or DES). The amount of chemical agent transmitted is determined using gas chromatography-fluorescence permeability (GC-FPD). After a test duration of 3 hours, each material sample is removed from the test cell and transferred to a glass container filled with a defined volume of the solvent (DES). The chemical agent remaining in the textile samples is extracted over 8 hours. The amount of chemical agent remaining is then also determined using GC-FPD.

[0447] The protective materials "protective material 1" and "protective material 2" described above are tested as protective materials according to the invention. The previously used "comparative material 2" serves as the reference material.

[0448] In the protective material 1 according to the invention, the amount of chemical warfare agent (soman) remaining or absorbed in the material is reduced by 29% (by weight) compared to the reference material 2, and in the protective material 2 according to the invention, it is reduced by 24% (by weight) compared to the reference material 2.

[0449] It follows that, in the protective materials according to the invention (i.e., "protective material 1" and "protective material 2"), a significant proportion of the chemical warfare agent can be broken down due to the specially designed textile reactive layer with the metal-based catalytically active component in combination with the additional adsorption layer. Thus, the exposure to the chemical warfare agent in the protective materials according to the invention is significantly reduced compared to the reference material 2 with a different reactive finish, accompanied by a significantly improved overall protective performance of the material. In the protective material 1 according to the invention with a particle and aerosol filter layer, the overall performance is further improved compared to the protective material 2 according to the invention without a particle and aerosol filter layer.

[0450] Conclusion

[0451] The above tests show that the reactive layer produced or manufactured according to the invention results in an improved barrier or protective effect of the protective material as a whole against chemical toxins or combat agents.

[0452] The additional presence of a particle and aerosol filter layer, in combination with the reactive layer produced according to the invention and the additional adsorption layer, further enhances the barrier and protective effect of the overall protective material. Reference numerals: Protective material 4c Adsorber particles Outer layer (top layer) 5 Inner layer a Inside of the textile 5b Outside of the inner layer

[0453] Outer layer 6 Particle and / or reactive layer Aerosol filter layer a Inside of the textile 7 Cover layer Reactive layer 8 Adhesive layer b Outside of the textile 9 Protective clothing Reactive layer 9a Protective trousers Adsorption layer 9b Protective jacket a Inside of the 9c Head protection clothing

[0454] Adsorption layer b Outer surface of the adsorption layer

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Textile protective material (1), preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, wherein the textile protective material (1) comprises a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and wherein the textile protective material (1) has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers (2, 3, 4, 5), wherein the textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5), preferably in the sequence listed below: (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) (2), wherein the textile outer layer (2) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure, (b) a textile reactive layer (3), in particular a textile reactive layer (3) arranged on one side, in particular on the inside (2a), of the textile outer layer (2), wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, (c) an adsorption layer (4) arranged on the textile reactive layer (3), in particular on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), preferably having a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer (4) comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles (4c), (d) an inner layer (5) arranged on the adsorption layer (4), in particular on the inside (4a) of the adsorption layer (4), wherein the inner layer (5) is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

2. Protective material (1) according to claim 1, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component comprises a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular consisting thereof, preferably being a metal oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr, preferably wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises one to six, in particular two to five, preferably two to four, oxygen atoms per metal atom, and / or in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide,results from and / or is obtained from a sol-gel process.

3. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, is a composition according to the general formula (I) (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; R 1 = independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkyl, especially preferably Ci- to C4-alkyl, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl; R 2 = independently of each other Hydrogen; - Me - (R 1 O) awith Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; - Me - (R 2 O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a.

4. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, is a composition according to the general formula (I) (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; R1 = independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to C4-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl; R 2 = independently of each other Hydrogen; - Me - (R 1 O) a with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; - Me - (R 2 O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, particularly 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a.

5. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises a hydroxide and / or oxide of silicon, titanium and / or zirconium, in particular of titanium and / or zirconium, preferably of zirconium, and in particular consists thereof, and / or wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, and in particular consists thereof.

6. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a sol-gel process;in particular wherein a metal-organic compound, serving in particular as a precursor, is applied as a sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or as a lyogel, preferably as a sol, in particular a nanosol, to the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), preferably wherein the sol, in particular a nanosol, of the metal-organic compound, serving in particular as a precursor, results as a lyogel on the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), and / or preferably wherein the lyogel is transformed into the porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into the xerogel, while retaining the metal-based catalytically active component.

7. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor; in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II) (R 3 )y- m - Me - (X)yn (II), with R 3 = independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl; Aryl, in particular Cs- to C2o-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cis-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cio-aryl; Olefin, in particular terminal olefin, preferably C2- to Cio-olefin, more preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, particularly preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, most preferably C2- and / or Cs-olefin, particularly preferably vinyl; Amine, in particular C2- to Cio-amine, preferably C2- to Cs-amine, more preferably C2- to Cs-amine, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-amine; carboxylic acid, in particular C2- to Cio-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-carboxylic acid; Alcohol, in particular C2 to Cio alcohol, preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, more preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol; Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; X = independent of each other, Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine; Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkoxy, particularly preferably Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1 ; with the proviso that m + n = y, preferably where n < m.

8. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor; in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II) (R 3 )y- m - Me - (X)yn (II), with R 3 = independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl; Alcohol, especially C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol; Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; X = independent of each other, Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine; Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably C1- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, more preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, more preferably 0 or 1; with the proviso that m + n = y, more preferably where n < m.

9. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is comprised and / or present on the textile reactive layer (3) with a layer thickness in the range of 0.001 pm to 1 pm, in particular from 0.005 pm to 0.5 pm, preferably 0.01 pm to 0.1 pm, particularly preferably 0.02 pm to 0.08 pm, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), in particular wherein the calculation of the layer thickness is carried out according to the following formula: where: Layer thickness in [pm] Order quantity in [g / m³] 2 ] Fiber surface area in [m²] 2 ] Density act. com. = Density of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / cm³] 3 ], and the calculation of the fiber surface area is performed according to the following formula: The area of ​​the fiber is equal to n * fiber length * fiber diameter, where: Fiber surface area in [m²] 2 ] Fiber length in [m] Fiber diameter in [m].

10. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of the metal-based catalytically active component, based on the textile reactive layer (3), is 0.01 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 12 wt.%, particularly preferably 1 wt.% to 9 wt.%.

11. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is applied at an amount in the range of 0.1 g / m² 2 up to 20 g / m² 2 , especially of 0.5 g / m³ 2 up to 15 g / m² 2 , preferably 1 g / m² 2 up to 12 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 3 g / m² 2 up to 10 g / m² 2on the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), is comprised and / or is present; in particular, the order quantity is calculated according to the following formula: where: Cwt = coating amount of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / m²] 2 ], mol.wt ■ act. Komp. = Molecular weight of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / mol], mol.wt ■ Precursor ~ Molecular weight of the organometallic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / mol], Pwt = amount of solution of the organometallic compound used, in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / m³] 2 ], P% = weight percent fraction of the organometallic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used; in particular, where the amount used (P w t) the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, preferably in a range of 30 g / m³ 2 up to 200 g / m² 2 , especially 40 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 , preferably 45 g / m² 2 up to 130 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 50 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2, and / or in particular wherein the weight percent fraction (P%) of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, is preferably in the range of 10 wt.% to 50 wt.%, in particular 13 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably 15 wt.% to 37 wt.%, particularly preferably 18 wt.% to 33 wt.%.

12. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, which is formed and / or exists in the form of a porous solid, has a specific BET surface area in the range of 25 m². 2 / g up to 2,000 m 2 / g, especially 50 m 2 / g up to 1,500 m 2 / g, preferably 75 m 2 / g up to 1,250 m 2 / g, especially preferred 100 m 2 / g up to 1,100 m 2 / g, exhibits. in particular determined according to ASTM D6556-04.

13. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, which is formed and / or present in the form of a porous solid, is in particulate form and / or in the form of particles; in particular wherein the particles have a particle diameter, in particular mean particle diameter D50, in a range of 50 nm to 750 nm, preferably 150 nm to 650 nm, preferably 200 nm to 550 nm, particularly preferably 250 nm to 450 nm, in particular determined according to ASTM D2862-97 / 04.

14. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, which is formed and / or exists in the form of a porous solid, has a porosity in the range of 10% to 60%, preferably 15% to 50%, preferably 20% to 45%, particularly preferably 23% to 40%, in particular determined according to DIN ISO 15901-1:2019-03.

15. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is a woven, knitted, crocheted, laid, textile composite, nonwoven or non-woven and / or wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is a textile fabric with a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m², in particular 40 to 120 g / m², preferably 60 to 120 g / m².

16. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reactive layer (3) is a textile fabric consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and / or wherein the reactive layer (3) is a textile fabric consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers; in particular wherein the, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton; wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, in particular cellulose acetates; triacetates, in particular cellulose triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes;Polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof, preferably cotton.; 17. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated and / or integrated onto and / or into the textile fabric, in particular onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments or the like forming the fabric, in particular by impregnation processes, chemical treatment processes, in particular reactive coating processes, preferably by application and / or impregnation of a sol, in particular nanosols, and / or lyogel, preferably a sol, in particular nanosols, optionally with subsequent aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking to form the lyogel, and with drying to form the xerogel.

18. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile reactive layer (3), which is present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable textile fabric, is a woven, knitted, crocheted, nonwoven, textile composite, fleece or nonwoven, and / or wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is a textile fabric with a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m², in particular 40 to 120 g / m², preferably 60 to 120 g / m², in particular wherein the textile reactive layer (3), which is present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable textile fabric, is a textile fabric consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and / or wherein the reactive layer (3) is a textile fabric with or consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers,and wherein the preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), comprising and / or forming a metal-based catalytically active component in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, comprises a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably is a metal oxide and / or hydroxide, particularly wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, particularly selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr, preferably wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains one to six, particularly two to five, metal atoms per metal atom.preferably comprises two to four oxygen atoms, and / or in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a sol-gel process, and / or, in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated and / or integrated onto and / or into the textile fabric, in particular onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments or the like forming the fabric, in particular by impregnation processes, chemical treatment processes, in particular reactive coating processes, preferably by application and / or impregnation of a sol, in particular nanosols, and / or lyogel, preferably a sol, in particular nanosols, optionally with subsequent aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking to form a lyogel, and with drying to form a xerogel, preferably wherein the amount of the metal-based catalytically active component, based on the textile reactive layer (3), is 0.01 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 12 wt.%, particularly preferably 1 wt.% to 9 wt.%.

19. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate adsorbent comprising in and / or forming the adsorption layer (4), in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4c), are selected from the group of (i) Activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or spherical form (“spherical carbon”); (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses; (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminium oxides; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite Imidazolate Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs; (viii) mineral granules; (ix) Clathrats; as well as (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof; particularly preferably wherein the particulate adsorbent comprising in and / or forming the adsorption layer (4), in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4c), are selected from the group of (i) activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or spherical form (“spherical carbon”).

20. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (4c) of the adsorption layer (4) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles (“granular carbon”) or spherical activated carbon particles (“spherical carbon”), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles.

21. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameter of the adsorber particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, is 0.005 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 0.015 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.02 mm to 1.25 mm, most preferably 0.03 mm to 1 mm, and / or wherein the mean diameter, in particular the mean diameter D50, of the adsorber particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, is 0.01 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 0.02 mm to 1.75 mm, more preferably 0.03 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.04 mm to 1.25 mm, most preferably 0.04 mm to 1 mm; and / or wherein the adsorbent particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, are in an amount in the range of 5 g / m³ 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , especially 10 g / m² 2 up to 275 g / m² 2 , preferably 15 g / m² 2 up to 250 g / m² 2 , preferably 20 g / m² 2 up to 200 g / m² 2, are used and / or wherein the protective material (1), in particular the adsorption layer (4), the adsorber particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, are used in an amount in the range of 5 g / m² 2 up to 300 g / m² 2 , especially 10 g / m² 2 up to 275 g / m² 2 , preferably 15 g / m² 2 up to 250 g / m² 2 , preferably 20 g / m² 2 up to 200 g / m² 2 , exhibits; and / or wherein the adsorbent particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtainable by carbonization and subsequent activation of a synthetic and / or non-natural product-based particulate starting material, in particular based on organic polymer particles; and / or wherein the adsorbent particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained from a particulate starting material based on organic polymers, in particular based on sulfonated organic polymers, preferably based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably based on styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, in particular wherein the divinylbenzene content in the starting material is in the range of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%.-%, based on the starting material; and / or wherein the adsorber particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, are based on a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC; Polymer-based Spherical Activated Carbon) and / or wherein the adsorber particles (4c), in particular the activated carbon particles, are formed from a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC).

22. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (4c) of the adsorption layer (4) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles; in particular wherein the activated carbon has a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.3 cm³ 3 / g up to 3.8 cm 3 / g, especially in the area of ​​0.4 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.6 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially preferred in the area of ​​0.5 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, has; and / or in particular wherein at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon are formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores; and / or in particular wherein 50% to 95%, in particular 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micro- and / or mesopores; and / or in particular wherein 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35% of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of more than 2 nm, in particular by meso- and / or macropores; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm (i.e., < 2 nm), in particular micropore volume according to Carbon Black, in the range of 0.05 cm³ 3 / g to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially 0.15 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 cm 3 / g to 1.5 cm 3 / g, in particular wherein 15% to 98%, in particular 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon are formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a specific BET surface area in the range of 600 m² 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially 800 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably 1,000 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,200 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, especially preferred 1,300 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, has; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a surface area of ​​400 to 3,500 m² formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores. 2 / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m 2 / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m 2 / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m 2 / g, has; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a surface area of ​​200 to 2,000 m² formed by pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, in particular by mesopores. 2 / g, in particular 300 to 1,900 m³ / g, preferably 400 to 1,800 m³ / g, preferably 500 to 1,700 m³ / g; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a mean pore diameter in the range of 0.1 nm to 55 nm, in particular 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, preferably 1 nm to 40 nm.

23. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (4c) of the adsorption layer (4) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), more preferably spherical activated carbon particles; in particular wherein the activated carbon has an abrasion resistance, determined according to ASTM D3802:2016, of at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, particularly preferably at least 99%, and most preferably at least 100%; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a butane adsorption, determined according to ASTM D5742-16, of at least 20%, in particular of at least 30%, preferably of at least 35%, and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a butane adsorption, determined according to ASTM D5742-16, in the range of 20% to 90%, in particular in the range of 30% to 85%, preferably in the range of 35% to 80%;and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has an iodine value determined according to; ASTM D4607:2014, of at least 900 mg / g, in particular at least 1,000 mg / g, preferably at least 1,100 mg / g, and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has an iodine value determined according to ASTM D4607:2014, in the range of 900 mg / g to 2,200 mg / g, in particular in the range of 1,000 mg / g to 2,100 mg / g, preferably in the range of 1,100 mg / g to 2,000 mg / g.

24. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorption layer (4) comprises the adsorbent, in particular the adsorber particles (4c), in the form of an adsorber particle surface structure, in particular an activated carbon fiber surface structure, or is formed therefrom.

25. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile reactive layer (3), which is preferably gas-permeable and / or designed as a textile fabric, is a woven, knitted, crocheted, non-woven, or nonwoven fabric, and / or wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is a textile fabric with a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m², in particular 40 to 120 g / m², 2 preferably 60 to 120 g / m², in particular wherein the textile reactive layer (3), which is present and / or formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet, is a textile sheet consisting of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and / or wherein the reactive layer (3) is a textile sheet with or made of, in particular, protic and / or polar and / or hydrofunctional natural and / or synthetic fibers, preferably natural fibers, and wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, which is preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), and is present and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, comprises a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, and in particular consists thereof, preferably being a metal oxide and / or hydroxide.in particular wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr, in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a sol-gel process, and / or in particular wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated and / or integrated onto and / or into the textile fabric, in particular onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments or the like forming the fabric, in particular by impregnation processes, chemical treatment processes,in particular reactive coating processes, preferably by application and / or impregnation of a sol, in particular nanosols, and / or lyogel, preferably a sol, in particular nanosols, optionally with subsequent aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking to form a lyogel, and with drying to form a xerogel, and, wherein the adsorber particles (4c) of the adsorption layer (4) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles, in particular wherein the adsorption layer (4) comprises the adsorbent, in particular the adsorber particles (4c), in the form of an adsorber particle surface structure, in particular an activated carbon fiber surface structure, or is formed therefrom.

26. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile outer layer (2) is designed as a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, textile fabric, in particular as a knitted fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric, or in particular as a woven fabric, non-woven fabric, or textile composite, preferably a woven fabric; and / or wherein the textile outer layer (2) comprises or is formed from natural textile fibers and / or synthetic textile fibers (chemical fibers), preferably natural textile fibers; and / or wherein the textile outer layer (2) comprises or is formed from natural textile fibers and / or synthetic fibers (chemical fibers), optionally in combination with natural fibers, preferably cotton fibers; and / or wherein the textile outer layer (2) comprises elastane (EL), in particular elastane fibers; and / or 2 wherein the textile outer layer (2) has a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m² 2 2 2 to 400 g / m², in particular in the range of 10 g / m² to 300 g / m², 2 2 preferably in the range of 20 g / m² to 250 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 30 g / m² to 175 g / m², has, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning at a temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 65%; and / or wherein the textile outer layer (2) has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range of 0.001 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range of 0.01 mm to 8 mm, preferably in the range of 0.05 mm to 4 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.075 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.15 mm to 1 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084; and / or wherein the textile outer layer (2) has a gas permeability, in particular 2 1 Air permeability of at least 1.5 I ms, in particular at least 2 1 2 1 3 I ms, preferably at least 7 I ms, preferably at least 10 especially preferred at least exhibits, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

27. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile outer layer (2) comprises or consists of a material, in particular textile fiber material, preferably textile fibers, selected from the group consisting of natural materials and synthetic materials, in particular selected from the group consisting of cotton; wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, in particular cellulose acetates; triacetates, in particular cellulose triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof, preferably cotton.

28. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile outer layer (2), in particular the outer surface (2b) of the textile outer layer (2), is impregnated, in particular oleophobized and / or hydrophobized, preferably oleophobized and hydrophobized, in particular in the form of an impregnation or coating, preferably by means of at least one fluorocarbon and / or at least one fluorocarbon, preferably a fluorinated polymer, and / or in particular wherein the textile outer layer (2), in particular the outer surface (2b) of the textile outer layer (2), is equipped with a flame retardant, and / or in particular wherein the textile outer layer (2), in particular the outer surface (2b) of the textile outer layer (2), is equipped with an antistatic finish, and / or in particular wherein the textile outer layer (2), in particular the outer surface (2b) of the textile outer layer (2), is equipped with infrared reflection properties.

29. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner side (2a) of the textile outer layer forms the side facing away from a pollutant source or the environment and / or the side of the outer layer (2) facing the reactive layer (3), and / or wherein the outer side (3b) of the reactive layer (3) forms the side facing a pollutant source or the environment and the side of the reactive layer (3) facing the outer layer (2).

30. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) further comprises: (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) arranged on and / or connected with the adsorption layer (4), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (6), wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual textile fibers, (f) optionally a cover layer (7) arranged on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer (6), wherein the cover layer (7) is preferably a gas-permeable textile surface structure and / or is designed, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) and the cover layer (7) are arranged in particular directly one after the other, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) and optionallythe cover layer (7) is / are arranged between the reactive layer (3) and the adsorption layer (4) or between the outer layer (2) and the reactive layer (3) and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is arranged between the reactive layer (3) and the adsorption layer (4) or between the outer layer (2) and the reactive layer (3), preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is arranged on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3) and / or the cover layer (7) is arranged on the outside (4b) of the adsorption layer (4).

31. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile multilayer material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), wherein the protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), preferably in the sequence listed below: (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) (2), wherein the textile outer layer (2) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure, (b) a textile reactive layer (3), in particular a textile reactive layer (3) arranged on one side, in particular on the inside (2a), of the textile outer layer (2), wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, (c) an adsorption layer (4) arranged on the textile reactive layer (3), in particular on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), preferably having a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer (4) comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles (4c), (d) an inner layer (5) arranged on the adsorption layer (4), in particular on the inside (4a) of the adsorption layer (4), wherein the inner layer (5) is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure, (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) arranged on and / or connected with the adsorption layer (4), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (6), wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual textile fibers, (f) optionally a cover layer (7) arranged on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer (6), wherein the cover layer (7) is preferably a gas-permeable textile surface structure and / or is designed, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) and the cover layer (7) are arranged in particular directly one after the other, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) and optionallythe cover layer (7) is / are arranged between the reactive layer (3) and the adsorption layer (4) or between the outer layer (2) and the reactive layer (3) and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is arranged between the reactive layer (3) and the adsorption layer (4) or between the outer layer (2) and the reactive layer (3), preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is arranged on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3) and / or the cover layer (7) is arranged on the outside (4b) of the adsorption layer (4).

32. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of superimposed layers (2, 3, 4, 5), in particular layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), in particular the layers (2, 3, 4, 5) or (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of the textile multilayer material, preferably composite material, is / are (only) partially and / or section by section, in particular not fully, connected, preferably wherein the layers (2, 3, 4, 5) or (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) are (only) section by section and / or in the area of ​​edge surfaces connected to each other, preferably by sewing, gluing, welding, in particular sewing edge sections or surfaces.

33. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorption layer (4), in particular via the inside (4a) of the adsorption layer (4), is attached to the inner layer (5), in particular via the outside (5b) of the inner layer (5), in particular by bonding, and / or wherein the adsorption layer (4), in particular via the inside (4a) of the adsorption layer (4), is connected to the inner layer (5), in particular via the outside (5b) of the inner layer (5), in particular by bonding.

34. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) further comprises an adhesive layer (8) applied to one side of the inner layer (5), in particular to the side of the outer surface (5b) of the inner layer (5) adjacent to the adsorption layer (4), wherein the adhesive layer (8) is and / or is formed as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer.

35. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile multilayer material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers (2, 3, 4, 5), wherein the protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), preferably in the sequence listed below: (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) (2), wherein the textile outer layer (2) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure, (b) a textile reactive layer (3), in particular a textile reactive layer (3) arranged on one side, especially on the inside (2a), of the textile outer layer (2), wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile surface structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, (c) an adsorption layer (4) arranged on the textile reactive layer (3), in particular on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), preferably having a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer (4) comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles (4c), (d) an inner layer (5) arranged on the adsorption layer (4), in particular on the inside (4a) of the adsorption layer (4), wherein the inner layer (5) is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure, (e) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) arranged on and / or connected with the adsorption layer (4), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (6), wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual textile fibers, (f) optionally a cover layer (7) arranged on and / or connected with the particle and aerosol filter layer (6), wherein the cover layer (7) is preferably a gas-permeable textile surface structure and / or is designed (g) has an adhesive layer (8) applied to one side of the inner layer (5), in particular to the side of the outer surface (5b) of the inner layer (5) adjacent to the adsorption layer (4), wherein the adhesive layer (8) is a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer, and / or is formed, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) and the cover layer (7) are arranged in particular directly one after the other, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) and optionally the cover layer (7) is / are arranged between the reactive layer (3) and the adsorption layer (4) or between the outer layer (2) and the reactive layer (3) and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is arranged between the reactive layer (3) and the adsorption layer (4) or between the outer layer (2) and the reactive layer (3), preferably wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is arranged on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3) and / or the cover layer (7) is arranged on the outside (4b) of the adsorption layer (4).

36. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (8) and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer (8) is applied in an amount in the range of 5 g / m² 2 up to 80 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 60 g / m² 2, preferably in the range of 15 g / m² 2 up to 50 g / m² 2 , applied and / or coated to the inner layer (5) 37. Protective material (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive and / or the adhesive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates (PA), polymethacrylates (PMA), polymethyl methacrylates (PMMA), polycarbonates (PC), polyurethanes (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyolefins and silicones, as well as mixtures or combinations of at least two of the aforementioned compounds, preferably polyurethane (PU), and / or wherein the adhesive and / or the adhesive polymer is a polyurethane (PU); and / or wherein the adhesive layer (8) has a density in the range of 100 g / l to 500 g / l, in particular in the range of 150 g / l to 400 g / l, preferably in the range of 200 g / l to 350 g / l.

38. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (8) has partially penetrated the inner layer (5) and / or wherein the adhesive layer (8) extends into the inner layer (5).

39. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (8) and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer (8) is applied and / or deposited onto the inner layer (5) as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on an adhesive polymer, wherein the adhesive layer is formed either in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed over the inner layer (5), preferably in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam;and / or wherein the adhesive layer is formed either in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed over the inner layer (5), preferably in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam.; 40. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (8) and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer (8) is applied and / or deposited as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam onto the inner layer (5); in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam comprises a plurality of dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles;and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam, in particular the dried and / or cured, in particular cross-linked, destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles of the broken adhesive foam, has or has a plurality of destroyed and / or broken and / or collapsed walls and / or webs of adhesive polymer; and / or; in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam has a proportion of destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles of at least 10%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%, based on the total number of foam bubbles in the fractured adhesive polymer foam; and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam has a proportion of destroyed and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles in the range of 10% to 100%, in particular in the range of 30% to 99.9%, preferably in the range of 50% to 99%, more preferably in the range of 70% to 99%, and most preferably in the range of 90% to 98%, based on the total number of foam bubbles in the fractured adhesive polymer foam;and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam is not closed and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam has a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings extending in particular within the fractured adhesive polymer foam and / or a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings connecting in particular the respective outer surfaces of the fractured adhesive polymer foam and / or the adhesive layer; and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam is continuous and / or coherent; and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam is applied and / or deposited at least substantially over the entire surface and / or across the entire side of the inner layer (5);and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer, has a density and / or a reduced density and / or, in particular, a reduced volumetric weight, based on the non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer, by at least 5%, in particular by at least 10%, preferably by at least 15%, more preferably by at least 20%, and particularly preferably by at least 25%; and / or; in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding non-foamed and / or continuous adhesive polymer, has a density and / or reduced, in particular reduced, volumetric weight in the range of 5% to 80%, in particular reduced, in the range of 10% to 70%, preferably in the range of 15% to 60%, preferably in the range of 20% to 55%, relative to the non-foamed and / or continuous adhesive polymer; and / or in particular wherein the fractured adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unfractured adhesive polymer foam, has a density and / or increased, in particular increased, volumetric weight by a maximum of 10%, in particular increased, in particular increased, in the range of 5%, preferably increased, relative to the area, relative to the intact and / or unfractured adhesive polymer foam.and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam, exhibits a reduction in elasticity and / or reversible elongation by at most 30%, in particular by at most 20%, preferably by at most 10%, preferably by at most 5%, relative to the intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam; and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam, exhibits a reduction in elasticity and / or reversible elongation in the range of 5% to 30%, in particular in the range of 10% to 20%, relative to the intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam;and / or in particular wherein the broken adhesive polymer foam is obtainable by drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, of a foamed, preferably under mechanical energy input, aqueous or organic-based, preferably aqueous-based, solution and / or dispersion of the adhesive polymer, in particular accompanied by at least partial breaking of the foam provided by the foamed solution and / or dispersion of the adhesive polymer, in particular wherein the drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, is carried out in the presence of at least one; foaming agent and, if applicable, at least one foam stabilizer and, if applicable, at least one crosslinker and, if applicable, at least one emulsifier and, if applicable, at least one thickener.

41. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is and / or is formed as a gas-permeable textile fabric comprising or consisting of a plurality of individual textile fibers with fiber diameters in the range of 10 nm to 30 pm, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 pm, preferably with a basis weight, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127, in the range of 2 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 5 g / m³ 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 80 g / m² 2 ; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has an area weight in the range of 2 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 5 g / m³ 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 80 g / m² 2, in particular as defined in DIN EN 12127; and / or wherein the textile fibers of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) have fiber diameters in the range of 10 nm to 30 pm, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 pm; and / or wherein synthetic fibers (chemical fibers) are used as textile fibers of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6), in particular from the group consisting of polyesters (PES); polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene; polyvinyl chlorides (CLF); polyvinylidene chlorides (CLF); acetates (CA); triacetates (CTA); polyacrylic (PAN), in particular polyacrylonitriles; polyamides (PA); polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL); polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; poly(meth)acrylates; polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDF); and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably polyurethanes;Polyesters, polyolefins, polyamides, polyacrylonitriles, poly(meth)acrylates and polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDF) and mixtures thereof, most preferably polyurethanes; and / or wherein polyurethane fibers are used as textile fibers of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6); and / or; wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is designed as a non-woven fabric or textile composite, in particular non-woven, particularly preferably as a non-woven; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is designed as a non-woven fabric or textile composite, in particular non-woven, particularly preferably as a non-woven, of polyurethane fibers and / or is present; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is produced by electrospinning, meltblow processing or a combination of these two processes, preferably by a combination of electrospinning and meltblow processing.

42. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is arranged directly on the adsorption layer (4), in particular fixed on and / or to the adsorption layer (4), preferably laminated thereon; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is fixed on and / or to the adsorption layer (4), preferably by means of lamination, in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is also fixed on and / or to the cover layer (7), preferably by means of lamination; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is fixed on and / or to the adsorption layer (4), preferably by means of lamination, and wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is also fixed on and / or to the cover layer (7), preferably by means of lamination.

43. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is a textile sheet formed by and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, with a plurality of pores or meshes bounded by the textile fibers; in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has a mean pore size or mean mesh size of at most 200 pm, in particular at most 100 pm, preferably at most 75 pm, particularly preferably at most 50 pm, most preferably at most 40 pm, even more preferably at most 10 pm, and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has a mean pore size or mean mesh size in the range of 0.5 pm to 200 pm, in particular in the range of 0.75 pm to 100 pm, preferably in the range of 1 pm to 75 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 1 pm to 50 pm, most preferably in the range of 1 pm to 40 pm, and even more preferably in the range of 1 pm to 25 pm; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has pores or meshes, in particular a plurality of pores or meshes;in particular wherein the mean pore size or mean mesh size is at most 200 pm, in particular at most 100 pm, preferably at most 75 pm, particularly preferably at most 50 pm, very preferably at most 40 pm, even more preferably at most 10 pm, and / or in particular wherein the mean pore size or mean mesh size is in the range of 0.5 pm to 200 pm, in particular in the range of 0.75 pm to 100 pm, preferably in the range of 1 pm to 75 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 1 pm to 50 pm, very preferably in the range of 1 pm to 40 pm, even more preferably in the range of 1 pm to 25 pm.

44. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is a textile surface structure formed by and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, with pores or meshes bounded by the textile fibers; in particular wherein the ratio of the mean pore size or mesh size to the mean diameter of the textile fibers is in the range of 0.1 to 2,000, in particular in the range of 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 5 to 350, particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 300, most preferably in the range of 25 to 250.

45. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90%, and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95%, and most preferably at least 99%; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has an integral initial penetration efficiency Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS = 0.1 to 0.3 pm) of at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, particularly preferably at most 20%, and most preferably at most 10%; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 pm of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, at an approach velocity of 0.1 m / s, and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters > 2 pm, in particular > 1.5 pm, preferably > 1.0 pm, of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, at an approach velocity of 0.1 m / s;and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has a separation efficiency, in particular fractional separation efficiency, of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, determined according to DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals with potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance as the minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS = 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm); and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) has a thickness in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.01 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 1 mm, even more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.8 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is designed as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or ULPA filter (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air).; 46. ​​Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is an air-permeable textile fabric in the form of a nonwoven (non-woven fabric) formed by and / or from textile fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, with fiber diameters in the range of 10 nm to 30 pm, preferably 50 nm to 10 pm, preferably with a basis weight (in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127) in the range of 2 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2 , especially in the range of 5 g / m³ 2 up to 90 g / m² 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 g / m² 2 up to 80 g / m² 2 , is formed, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (6) is produced by electrospinning, meltblow process or a combination of these two processes.

47. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover layer (7) is preferably designed and / or is present as a gas-permeable textile fabric; and / or wherein the cover layer (7) is designed as an air-permeable textile fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric, in particular as a woven fabric or knitted fabric; and / or wherein the cover layer (7) comprises or is formed from natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers (chemical fibers), preferably natural fibers, particularly preferably cotton fibers; and / or wherein the cover layer (7) comprises or is formed from natural fibers, particularly preferably cotton fibers, optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (chemical fibers); and / or wherein the cover layer (7) comprises or is formed from natural fibers, particularly preferably cotton fibers, optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (chemical fibers), preferably elastane fibers;and / or wherein the cover layer (7) has a basis weight in the range of 10 g / m² to 2 2 2; 275 g / m², particularly in the range of 15 g / m² to 175 g / m², preferably 2 2 in the range of 25 g / m² to 150 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 2 2 30 g / m² to 100 g / m², in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127.

48. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) provides a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, especially bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, of at most 4 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h; and / or wherein the protective material (1) has a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to the laid drop diffusive flow test of not more than 4 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, in particular a maximum of 3.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 3.0 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 2.5 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably not more than 2.25 pg / cm² 2 per 24 hours, preferably no more than 2 pg / cm² 2 per 24 h, preferably no more than 1.75 pg / cm² 2per 24 h, exhibits, in particular as cumulative breakthrough by gas chromatography (GC / FPD) after exposure to mustard gas for 24 h at a temperature of 23 °C and a relative humidity of no more than 5% RH, especially with a material sample area of ​​10 cm² 2 , a material exposure with 8 mustard gas drops (each drop volume = 1 pl), a test procedure in a test cell over a PE membrane (10 pm), a flow under the material of 100 ml / min, a flow over the material of 0.5 m / s and a flow through the material of 0 cm / s.

49. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) is in the form of protective clothing (9), in particular in the form of at least one piece of protective clothing (9a, 9b, 9c), preferably in the form of a plurality of, in particular, mutually complementary pieces of protective clothing (9a, 9b, 9c), preferably in the form of protective outer and / or inner clothing (protective underwear), in particular selected from and / or in the form of (i) protective legwear (9a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective upper part (9b), in particular protective jacket, protective shirt, protective shirt or protective pullover, (iii) protective headgear (9c), in particular protective hood, protective cap or protective balaclava, (iv) protective coverall, protective one-piece suit or protective full-body suit, (v) protective handgear, in particular protective glove, and (vi) protective footgear, in particular protective stocking, protective sock or protective bootie, and combinations thereof, preferably selected from and / or in the form of (i) protective legwear (9a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective upper part (9b), in particular protective jacket, protective shirt, protective shirt or protective pullover, in particular including arm coverings, and (iii) protective headgear (9c), in particular protective hood, protective cap or protective balaclava, and combinations thereof.

50. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1), in the form of protective clothing (9), is a 2 2 Total basis weight in the range of 200 g / m² to 1,000 g / m², in particular in the range of 225 g / m² to 750 g / m², preferably in the range of 250 g / m² to 650 g / m², particularly preferably in the range of 275 g / m² to 600 g / m², even more preferably in the range of 300 g / m² to 450 g / m², in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127.

51. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) in the form of protective clothing (9) is gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable.

52. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237, of at least 0.5 mm / s, in particular at least 1 mm / s, preferably at least 2.5 mm / s, particularly preferably at least 3.5 mm / s, most preferably at least 5 mm / s; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, of up to 500 mm / s at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular in the range of 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably in the range of 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, particularly preferably in the range of 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, most preferably in the range of 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s.

53. Protective material (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a water vapor resistance (R) e t), in particular determined according to DIN EN 343:2019, of no more than 15 m2 Pa / Watt, especially from a maximum height of 10 m 2 Pa / Watt, preferably from a maximum height of 8 m 2 Pa / Watt, preferably from a maximum height of 7 m 2 Pa / Watt, even more preferred from a maximum of 6 m 2 Pa / Watt, especially preferred from a maximum height of 5 m 2 Pa / Watt, exhibits; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a water vapor resistance (R e t) according to class 4 of DIN EN 343:2019, in particular an R e t < 15 m 2 Pa / Watt.

54. Protective material (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a burst pressure, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13938-2, of at least 50 kPa (kilopascals), in particular at least 75 kPa, preferably at least 90 kPa, and particularly preferably at least 100 kPa; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a burst pressure, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13938-2, in the range of 50 kPa (kilopascals) to 1,000 kPa, in particular in the range of 75 kPa to 800 kPa, preferably in the range of 90 kPa to 600 kPa, and particularly preferably in the range of 100 kPa to 500 kPa; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a maximum tensile strength and / or maximum tensile elongation, preferably in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1, of at least 200 Newtons, in particular of at least 225 Newtons, preferably of at least 250 Newtons, and particularly preferably of at least 275 Newtons; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a maximum tensile strength and / or maximum tensile elongation, preferably in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1, in the range of 200 Newtons to 4,000 Newtons, in particular in the range of 225 Newtons to 3,750 Newtons, preferably in the range of 250 Newtons to 3,500 Newtons, and particularly preferably in the range of 275 Newtons to 3,000 Newtons.

55. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a tensile strength and / or elongation in the longitudinal and transverse directions, determined according to DIN 53835-14 at 20 Newtons, of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a tensile strength and / or elongation in at least one direction, in particular in the longitudinal or transverse direction, determined according to DIN 53835-14 at 20 Newtons, of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 10%.

56. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a shrinkage in the longitudinal and transverse directions, determined according to DIN EN 5077, of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a shrinkage in at least one direction, in particular in the longitudinal or transverse direction, determined according to DIN EN 5077, of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%, preferably at most 3%.

57. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) is washable, in particular washable and dryable.

58. Protective material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90%, and / or wherein the protective material (1) has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95%, and most preferably at least 99%; and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has an integral initial penetration efficiency Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS = 0.1 to 0.3 pm) of at most 60%, in particular at most 50%, preferably at most 40%, particularly preferably at most 30%, most preferably at most 20%;and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 pm of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, at an on-flow velocity of 0.1 m / s and / or wherein the protective material (1) has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters > 2 pm, in particular > 1.5 pm, preferably > 1.0 pm, of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, at an on-flow velocity of 0.1 m / s;and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a separation efficiency, in particular fractional separation efficiency, of at least 80%, in particular of at least 85%, preferably of at least 90%, determined according to DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals with potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance as the minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS = 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm); and / or wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (9) has a butane adsorption, determined according to ASTM D5742-16, of at least 10 g / m³; 2 , in particular of at least 15 g / m² 2 , preferably of at least 20 g / m² 2 , exhibits.

59. Method for producing a textile protective material (1), preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive harmful substances.Toxic substances, preferably chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material, especially as previously described, wherein the textile protective material (1) is equipped and / or designed and / or provided with a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and wherein the textile protective material (1) is designed with a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers (2, 3, 4, 5), wherein the textile protective material (1) is designed with the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5), preferably in the sequence listed below:. (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) (2), wherein the textile outer layer (2) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure, (b) a textile reactive layer (3), in particular a textile reactive layer (3) arranged on one side, in particular on the inside (2a), of the textile outer layer (2), wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and is provided with at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, (c) an adsorption layer (4) arranged on the textile reactive layer (3), in particular on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), preferably having a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer (4) comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles (4c), (d) an inner layer (5) arranged on the adsorption layer (4), in particular on the inside (4a) of the adsorption layer (4), wherein the inner layer (5) is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

60. A method according to the preceding claim, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is present and / or formed as a metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, in particular wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, more preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, more preferably Zr, more preferably wherein the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, more preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises one to six, in particular two to five, more preferably two to four, oxygen atoms per metal atom, and / or more particularly wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, more preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide,results from and / or is formed or maintained through a sol-gel process.

61. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, is a composition according to the general formula (I) (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; R 1 = independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkyl, especially preferably Ci- to C4-alkyl, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl; R 2 = independently of each other Hydrogen; - Me - (R 1 O) awith Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; - Me - (R 2 O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, in particular Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a.

62. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, is a composition according to the general formula (I) (R 1 O) a - Me - (R 2 O) b (I) exhibits, with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; R 1= independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to C4-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkyl; R 2 = independently of each other Hydrogen; - Me - (R 1 O) a with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; - Me - (R 2 O)b with Me = Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; and a = 0 to 5, particularly 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2; and b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6; with the proviso that a + b = 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4; preferably wherein b > a.

63. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises a hydroxide and / or oxide of silicon, titanium and / or zirconium, in particular of titanium and / or zirconium, preferably of zirconium, and / or wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, comprises zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, and in particular consists of the following.

64. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, results from and / or is formed or obtained from a sol-gel process, in particular wherein a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor, is applied as a sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or as a lyogel, preferably as a sol, in particular a nanosol, to the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), preferably wherein the sol, in particular a nanosol, of the metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor, is applied to the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side,particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), as a lyogel results and / or is formed or obtained, and / or preferably wherein the lyogel is converted into the porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into the xerogel, while retaining the metal-based catalytically active component.

65. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is formed or obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor, and in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II) (R 3 )y- m - Me - (X)yn (II), with R 3 = independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl; Aryl, in particular Cs- to C2o-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cis-aryl, preferably Cs- to Cio-aryl; Olefin, in particular terminal olefin, preferably C2- to Cio-olefin, more preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, particularly preferably C2- to Cs-olefin, most preferably C2- and / or Cs-olefin, particularly preferably vinyl; Amine, in particular C2- to Cio-amine, preferably C2- to Cs-amine, more preferably C2- to Cs-amine, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-amine; carboxylic acid, in particular C2- to Cio-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, more preferably C2- to Cs-carboxylic acid, particularly preferably C2- and / or Cs-carboxylic acid; Alcohol, in particular C2 to Cio alcohol, preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, more preferably C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol; Me = Si, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, especially Si, Ti, Zr, Ag, Pd, Pt, preferably Si, Ti, Zr, particularly preferably Zr; X = independent of each other, Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine; Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to Ce-alkoxy, particularly preferably Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably Ci- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1 ; with the proviso that m + n = y, preferably where n < m.

66. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, results from and / or is obtained from a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor; in particular wherein the metal-organic compound has a composition according to the general formula (II) (R 3 )y- m - Me - (X)yn (II), with R 3 = independently of each other Alkyl, in particular Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- to Cs-alkyl, preferably Ci- and / or C2-alkyl; Alcohol, especially C2 to Cs alcohol, particularly preferably C2 and / or Cs alcohol; Me = Si, Ti, Zr, especially preferred Zr; X = independent of each other, Halogen, especially chlorine and / or bromine; Alkoxy, in particular Ci- to C4-alkoxy, most preferably C1- and / or Cs-alkoxy; and y = 1 to 6, in particular 2 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and m = 1 to y, in particular 2 to y, more preferably m = y; and n = 0 to 5, in particular 0 to 3, more preferably 0 or 1; with the proviso that m + n = y, more preferably where n < m.

67. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sol, in particular nanosol, of the metal-organic compound serving in particular as a precursor, is produced by mixing, in particular stirring, the metal-organic compound with a protic solvent, preferably wherein the protic solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol, formic acid, acetic acid, in particular methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, preferably ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and / or preferably wherein the production of the sol, in particular nanosol, is carried out at a defined pH value, and / or preferably wherein the mixing, in particular stirring, is carried out at temperatures in a range of 10 °C to 60 °C, in particular 15 °C to 45 °C, preferably 18 °C to 35 °C, and / or preferably wherein the mixing, in particular stirring,over a duration in the range of 30 to 180 minutes, in particular 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 5 to 60 minutes.

68. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the application of the sol, in particular nanosols, and / or the lyogel, preferably the sol, in particular nanosols, to the reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), is carried out by spraying, impregnation, dipping, rolling, or painting, preferably by spraying, impregnation, or rolling, in particular such that the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor, and / or the catalytically active component is permanently applied, incorporated, and / or incorporated onto and / or into the textile surface structure of the reactive layer (3), in particular onto and / or into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments, or the like of the reactive layer (3) forming the surface structure.

69. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sol, in particular nanosol, is allowed to age, in particular to condense and / or crosslink, in particular to form a lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel (alcoholic lyogel), in particular wherein the aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, is carried out at temperatures in a range of 20 °C to 160 °C, in particular 40 °C to 145 °C, preferably 60 °C to 135 °C, and / or in particular wherein the aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, is carried out for a duration in a range of 10 min to 360 min, in particular 15 min to 240 min, preferably 20 min to 120 min, preferably wherein the aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, is carried out on the reactive layer (3), preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inner side (3a) of the reactive layer (3). is, or preferably, whereby the aging,in particular condensation is carried out after the sol, in particular nanosol, has been applied to the reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3).

70. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel, is converted into a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into a xerogel, by drying while retaining the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular wherein the drying is carried out at temperatures in a range of 30 °C to 200 °C, in particular 50 °C to 175 °C, preferably 60 °C to 150 °C, and / or in particular wherein the drying is carried out for a duration in a range of 20 min to 48 h, in particular 30 min to 36 h, preferably 45 min to 24 h min, and / or in particular wherein the drying is carried out at a pressure in a range of 0.5 bar to 5 bar, in particular 0.75 bar to 3.5 bar, preferably 1 bar to 2.5 bar.

71. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a sol, in particular a nanosol, of the metal-organic compound, in particular as defined above, which serves in particular as a precursor, is first produced, preferably by mixing, in particular stirring, the metal-organic compound with a protic solvent, optionally followed by aging, in particular condensation and / or crosslinking, in particular forming a lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel (alcoholic lyogel), followed by a subsequent process step which involves applying the sol, in particular a nanosol, and / or the lyogel, preferably the sol, in particular a nanosol, to the reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), by spraying, impregnation, dipping, rolling, or painting, preferably by spraying, impregnation, rolling, or rolling.comprising, wherein, in the case of the application of a sol, in particular a nanosol, an aging process, in particular condensation and / or cross-linking, in particular forming a lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel (alcoholic lyogel), is carried out, followed in turn by a subsequent process step in which the lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel, is converted by drying into a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into a xerogel, retaining the metal-based catalytically active component.

72. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component, in particular the metal-containing oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the metal oxide and / or hydroxide, preferably the zirconium oxide (ZrÜ2) and / or zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconium oxyhydroxide, results from and / or is formed or obtained from a sol-gel process, in particular wherein a metal-organic compound, in particular serving as a precursor, is applied as a sol, in particular a nanosol, to the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), preferably wherein the application of the sol, in particular nanosol, to the reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), is carried out by spraying, impregnation, dipping, rolling, or painting, preferably by spraying, impregnation, or rolling, in particular wherein the sol, in particular nanosol, of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor, results as a lyogel and / or is formed or obtained on the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), preferably by allowing the sol, in particular nanosol, to age, in particular to condense, in particular to form the lyogel, preferably in the form of an alcogel, preferably wherein the lyogel retains the metal-based catalytically active component,in particular by drying, into the porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, preferably into the xerogel.

73. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a quantity (P w t) a solution, in particular of the sol, in particular of the nanosol, and / or of the lyogel, of the metal-organic compound serving in particular as a precursor in a range of 30 g / m³ 2 up to 200 g / m² 2 , especially 40 g / m² 2 up to 150 g / m² 2 , preferably 45 g / m² 2 up to 130 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 50 g / m² 2 up to 100 g / m² 2, is applied to the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) to one side, particularly preferably (only) to the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), in particular wherein the weight percent fraction (P%) of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used, in particular the sol, in particular the nanosol, and / or the lyogel, is preferably adjusted in a range of 10 wt.% to 50 wt.%, in particular 13 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably 15 wt.% to 37 wt.%, particularly preferably 18 wt.% to 33 wt.%, preferably such that the metal-based catalytically active component is applied at a quantity in the range of 0.1 g / m² 2 up to 20 g / m² 2 , especially of 0.5 g / m³ 2 up to 15 g / m² 2 , preferably 1 g / m² 2 up to 12 g / m² 2 , especially preferably 3 g / m² 2up to 10 g / m² 2 on the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), in particular wherein the calculation of the application quantity is carried out according to the following formula: where: Cwt = coating amount of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / m²] 2 ], mol.wt ■ act. Komp. = Molecular weight of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / mol], mol.wt ■ Precursor = Molecular weight of the precursor from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / mol], Pwt = amount of solution of the organometallic compound used, in particular as a precursor, from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in [g / m³] 2 ], P% = percentage of the metal-organic compound, which serves in particular as a precursor and from which the metal-based catalytically active component is obtained, in the solution used.

74. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or obtained with a layer thickness in the range of 0.001 pm to 1 pm, in particular from 0.005 pm to 0.5 pm, preferably 0.01 pm to 0.1 pm, particularly preferably 0.02 pm to 0.08 pm, on the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), in particular wherein the calculation of the layer thickness is carried out according to the following formula: where: Layer thickness in [pm] Order quantity in [g / m³] 2 ] Fiber surface area in [m²] 2 ] Density act. com. = Density of the metal-based catalytically active component in [g / cm³] 3 ], and the calculation of the fiber surface area is performed according to the following formula: The area of ​​the fiber is equal to n * fiber length * fiber diameter, where: Fiber surface area in [m²] 2 ] Fiber length in [m] Fiber diameter in [m].

75. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is applied and / or obtained on the textile reactive layer (3), preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), in an amount in the range of 0.01 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 12 wt.%, particularly preferably 1 wt.% to 9 wt.%, based on the textile reactive layer (3).

76. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reactive layer (3) coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), is a woven fabric, knitted fabric, crocheted fabric, nonwoven fabric or nonwoven fabric and / or particularly wherein the textile fabric has a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m², in particular 2 2 40 to 120 g / m², preferably 60 to 120 g / m², is used.

77. Protective material (1), in particular as defined in any of the preceding claims relating thereto, obtainable and / or obtained by a method according to any of claims 58 to 76.

78. Use of a protective material (1) as defined in any of the preceding claims relating thereto, for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing (9), especially for the civilian or military sector, preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protection, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins.

79. Protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular for the civilian or military sector, preferably with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive hazardous or toxic substances, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective function, in particular protective clothing (9), such as protective suits, protective trousers (9a), protective jacket (9b), protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing (9c) and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive hazardous and toxic substances, comprising a protective material (1) as defined in one of the preceding claims relating thereto, and / or obtainable using a protective material (1) as defined in one of the preceding claims relating thereto.

80. Use of a metal-based catalytically active component in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, in a textile protective material (1), preferably a textile reactive adsorption filter material, with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents, in particular ABC and / or CBRN protective material; in particular as defined in any one of claims 1 to 57.

81. Use according to the preceding claim, wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, in combination with a particulate adsorbent; in particular wherein the particulate adsorbent comprising in and / or forming the adsorption layer (4), in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4c), is selected from the group of (i) Activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or spherical form (“spherical carbon”); (ii) Zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) Molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses; (iv) Metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, especially of the gel type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminium oxides; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), COFs (Covalent Organic Framework), ZI Fs (Zeolite Imidazolate Framework), POMs (Polymer Organic Material) and / or OFCs; (viii) mineral granules; (ix) Clathrats; as well as (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof; particularly preferably wherein the particulate adsorbent comprising in and / or forming the adsorption layer (4), in particular the plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4c), are selected from the group of (i) activated carbon, in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or spherical form (“spherical carbon”).

82. Use according to any of the preceding claims relating thereto, wherein the textile protective material (1) comprises a combination of a metal-based catalytically active component and a particulate adsorbent, and wherein the textile protective material (1) has a multilayer structure and / or is designed as a multilayer textile material, preferably a composite material, comprising a plurality of superimposed, preferably interconnected, layers (2, 3, 4, 5), in particular protective material (1) as defined in any of the preceding claims relating thereto, wherein the textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5), preferably in the sequence listed below: (a) optionally a textile outer layer (top layer) (2), wherein the textile outer layer (2) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable textile surface structure, (b) a textile reactive layer (3), in particular a textile reactive layer (3) arranged on one side, in particular on the inside (2a), of the textile outer layer (2), wherein the textile reactive layer (3) is and / or is formed as a preferably gas-permeable, textile sheet structure and comprises at least one metal-based catalytically active component, preferably coated and / or impregnated with the metal-based catalytically active component, preferably (only) on one side, particularly preferably (only) on the inside (3a) of the textile reactive layer (3), wherein the metal-based catalytically active component is and / or is formed in the form of a porous solid, preferably with a network-like structure, particularly preferably as a xerogel, (c) an adsorption layer (4) arranged on the textile reactive layer (3), in particular on the inside (3a) of the reactive layer (3), preferably having a discontinuous form and / or being gas-permeable, wherein the adsorption layer (4) comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorber particles (4c), (d) an inner layer (5) arranged on the adsorption layer (4), in particular on the inside (4a) of the adsorption layer (4), wherein the inner layer (5) is preferably designed as a gas-permeable textile surface structure.

83. Use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the use serves and / or is employed to increase and / or improve the protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants or toxins, preferably against chemical warfare agents.

84. Methods, protective equipment and / or protective articles and / or uses according to any of the preceding claims, each characterized by one or more of the features of claims 1 to 57.

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